Enema

Els irrigadors Éguisier
Clísters, ènemes, lavatives
Enemas, lavativas
Ang.: Enema, clyster
Grec: metregchutes, clister, clysmus
Exposició El Medicament del mes
Maig-Juny 2006
Fac. de Farmàcia. Vestíbul Edifici principal
Exposició virtual:
http://www.bib.ub.edu/biblioteques/farmacia/expot
emp/medicament/mai06/
Definicions
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ènema. Forma medicamentosa que hom aplica per
injecció d'un medicament líquid a l'intestí gros, a través
de l'esfínter anal, mitjançant una cànula. Antigament
foren molt emprats, però avui són reduïts a l'ús clínic.
N'hi ha dos grans grups, els alimentaris i els
medicinals.
(http://www.grec.net/cgibin/heccl2.pgm?NDCHEC=0102223.
Grec.net).
lavativa f. 1 medicina. Enema o líquido que se introduce en
el cuerpo por el ano, para lavar o vaciar los intestinos.
2. Instrumento manual que sirve para inyectar el líquido del
mismo nombre. (Gran Espasa Universal)
clys·ter (klĭs'tər). n. An enema.
[Middle English clister, from Old French clistere, from
Latin clyster, from Greek klustēr, clyster pipe, from
kluzein, to wash out.].
(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin
Company).
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The noun clyster has one meaning: Meaning #1:
injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate
evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes
Synonym: enema
(WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University).
Enciclopèdies
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Ènema
(Diccionari Enciclopèdic de Medicina.
http://www.grec.net/cgibin/medicx.pgm?GECART=0034384&USUA
RI=bib.ub15&SESSIO=0003002429)
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Clyster
(Wikipedia contributors (2006). Clyster. Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 07:50, April 19, 2006 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clyster&oldid=48395630).
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Enema
(Wikipedia contributors (2006). Enema. Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 07:39, April 19, 2006 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enema&oldid=48007602).
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Enema
(Gran Espasa Universal.
http://eclipsi.bib.ub.es/cgi-bin/vtls.web.gateway.20?bib=087876960)
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Barium Enema
(A.D.A.M. Encyclopedia.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003817.htm)
Webs
• The History of Enemas
• The Ancient Path of Cleansing: The
History of Colonic Hydrotherapy
• Le Pharmacien de Molière
– Le malade imaginaire
• Collect Medical Antiques: Potpourri
• Medical History Museum: Series 14 Medical Equipment - boxed sets for specific
procedures - predominantly early Victorian
• Isis Holistic Clinic:The Ancient Path of
Cleansing: The History of Colonic Hydrotherapy
• GoAntiques.com
Documents
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Greek Texts:
– Hippocrates. On Regimen In Acute Diseases.
– íbid. Of The Epidemics.
(© Copyright 2005 Greek-Texts.com & Greece Http Ltd.)
D. Doyle. Per rectum: a history of enemata. J R Coll
Physicians Edinb 2005; 35:367–370.
Manuscripts for good health 2000-1000 BC
Histories of Herodotus:
A history source of Persian Empire of Achaemenian era
By: Herodotus (c. 484 - 425 BCE); Translated by:
George Rawlinson
Dixon, Laurinda S. Some penetrating Insights: the
Imagery of Enemas in Art . Art Journal, 52:3 (1993:Fall)
p.28
Friedenwald, Julius; Morrison, Samuel. The History of
the Enema with Some Notes on Related Procedures.
Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 8 (1940) p.68.
(II)
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The Bulbed Enema Sprynge and Enema Tube in the
New World. Anthropological Quarterly, 12:4 (1939:Oct.)
p.85.
(…) Elogio burlesco della siringa: sua origine, storia,
trasformazione con un nuovo progetto per perfezionarla
Patrizia Catellani. Dai clisteri ai lassativi: ovvero "il
sospiro del pharmacien“.
Thoth
Fernel, Jean, 1497-1558. The Physiologia of Jean
Fernel : 1567 ; translated and annotated by John M.
Forrester. Philadelphia (Pa.) : American Philosophical
Society, 2003
Representacions artístiques
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Maya Vase Archive Database
– Justin Kerr's Mayavase Archive
– A Precolumbian Portfolio
Ibis
Egypt Image Gallery: The Ibis
Kimbell Art Museum
The sacred Ibis-Thoth is from the 3rd
Intermediate Period (945-715 BC).
The Virtual Egytian Museum
GREEK TERRACOTTA FIGURE OF AN IBIS.
Egypt, Ptolemaic Period, c. 3rd-1st century BC.
"There is a well-known legend that the Egyptians derived
their conception of the enema from an observation of a
procedure practiced by the ibis, a wading bird. It was
believed to blow water from the Nile into its rectum”.
Ibis The Sacred ox
Thot/Thoth
Thoth era el déu de la medicina a l’Antic Egipte
(…) Thoth, el déu de l’aprenentatge i dels
escribes, es solia representar en forma d’un
mandril o d’un ibis antropomòrfic. (…)
(…) Thot, era el dios de la escritura, de la
lengua y señor de la palabra divina.
Representaba las matemáticas, la astronomía y
las ciencias en general y era el símbolo de la
sabiduría.
Se le representaba como un babuino o un ibis.
Thot era el patrón de los escribas porque había
sido en creador de la escritura. (…) (©2001-2005
Chevron9 )
• Wikipedia: Thoth
• La Tierra de los Faraones.
RELIGIÓN: El Panteón: THOT
Bronze Figure of the
God Thoth. 4.5"
tall. Late Period
(900-400 BC).
Papirs
Papyrus Ebers
(Univ. Leipzig)
Extracts from the
Ebers medical
Papyrus
Kahun Medical
Papyrus
(Petrie Museum of
Egyptian Archaeology)
The Kahun
Gynaecological
Papyrus
Hearst Medical
Papyrus
(The Brancfort Library,
Univ. Of Berkeley,
California)
Press Release
Georg Ebers
(1.3.18377.8.1898)
Georg Reisner
(Indianapolis, Indiana,
November 5, 1867Giza, Egypt, June 6,
1942 )
The Rotarian,49, no. 1
(July 1936), p. 23. Photo
by Bob Davis of the New
York Sun); June 26,
1933. (B8331)
Noms propis
• Paré, A. (1510-1590)
– infoscience: Ambroise Paré
– Memo, le site de l’histoire: Paré, Ambroise
– Ambroise PARÉ: " Labor improbus omnia
vincit "
• Santorio Santorio (1561-1636)
– The Galileo Project
– Connexions: Santorio Santorio
• Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680)
– Wikipedia
• Reignier de Graaf (1641-1673)
Objectes per a
l’administració d’ènemes
(Imatge propietat de The Claude Moore Health
Sciences Library, UVA)
Brigadier General Douglas B. Kendrick, MC, USA. BLOOD PROGRAM IN
WORLD WAR II. Chap. VII. Plasma Equipment and Packaging, and
Transfusion Equipment. Part I. Plasma Equipment and Packaging.
Clyster syringe, late eighteenth century
Pewter, wood
(NLM Exhibition: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of
America, Curing the corps)
Brass, Ivory, ebony, and pewter enema syringes,
dating from 17th to 19th centuries.
Science Museum, London.
Strumenti medici: Irrigatori
Making the Modern world: Enema Syringes
Large ivory enema syringe with piston
action, French, c.1770
© Science Museum/Science and Society Picture
Library
Irrigatoris del Dr. M. Éguisier
(Fotos: ebay.fr. © 1995-2006 eBay Inc.)
Irrigatoris antics en
subasta a eBay.com
Tubo flessibile di Reinier de Graaf dal trattato De
Clysteribus del 1668 - L'Instrument de Molière,
Damascène Morgand et Charles Fatout, Parigi,1878.
Objectes moderns
Anal Douche
Clyster Enema
Syringe
Enema Nozzles
Shur Shot
Bibliografia
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Dictionnaire d'histoire de la pharmacie des origines à la fin du
XIXe siècle Société d'histoire de la pharmacie sous la direction
d'Olivier Lafont. Paris : Pharmathèmes, cop. 2003
L'irrigateur du docteur Eguisier. Revue d'histoire de la
pharmacie. [ Rev. hist. pharm.. ] , 2002 , vol. 50 , no 336 ,
pp. 577 - 598.
Dixon, Laurinda S., Some Penetrating Insights: The Imagery
of Enemas in Art, Art Journal, 52:3 (1993:Fall) p.28.
Cerca a : Bibliografia Mesoamericana