Tooba Shahid Dissertation - Indus Valley School of Art

Natural dyes, a cultural heritage or still being
practiced commercially
By
Tooba shahid
Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture
2013
I
Natural dyes: a cultural heritage or still being practiced commercially.
II
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank my family who supported me through, our faculty and graduate
students for guidance. Especially I would like to thank Mr.Arshad Farooqui our External
advisor, Mrs.Humaira Tareen and Gemma Sharpe our supervisor for their constant guida nce.
III
Abstract
My dissertation is about natural dyes, I will be reasearching if there is a possibility of
bringing natural dyes to commercial market or it should be left aside, just as a part of our
cultural heritage. I will be looking into text that supports natural dyes and encourages
sustaining and revival of textile crafts.
IV
Table of Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................... iii
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................... 4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 15
Findings.................................................................................................................................... 17
Analysis and Discussion .......................................................................................................... 22
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 27
Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 31
GALLERY ........................................................................................................................... 31
QUESTIONNAIRE .............................................................................................................. 37
INTERVIEW 1 ..................................................................................................................... 40
INTERVIEW 2 ..................................................................................................................... 43
INTERVIEW 3 ..................................................................................................................... 44
INTERVIEWS 4 .................................................................................................................. 46
INTERVIEW 5 ..................................................................................................................... 48
INTERVIEW 6 ..................................................................................................................... 50
BIBLIOGRAPGHY ............................................................................................................. 51
V
Shahid-1
Introduction
The textile industry of Pakistan plays a vital role in the economy of our country. It is one of
the major industries contributing to the GDP of our country. The textiles industry of Pakistan
has been successful in making an identifiable place worldwide, and appreciated globally.
overwhelming impact on economy. Textile being largest industrial sector generates the
1
Textile industry in Pakistan is not just simply cotton yarns, woven fabric, apparel, home
textiles etc. It also constitutes various crafts like embroidery, patch work, charpai, natural
dyeing, chemical dyeing, weaving, bead work, mirror work, etc.
Craft is,
art
2
These crafts are one of the identities of our country, our culture, our tradition. Unfortunately
due to genuine problems, to some extent lack of attention our crafts are losing their value.
They are now becoming a cultural heritage, and being replaced through technology and other
easier and money making short cuts, ignoring the value of skills of a craftsperson his ability,
the identity and beauty of any particular craft done by the hands of any craftsperson.
Over the last few years what I have observed is, thanks to a the successful efforts of
designers, that textile crafts have been incorporated as one of the major supporting elements
to our textile industry which mainly has helped our fashion industry in bringing
diversification by adding value addition to apparel, by combining two crafts, reviving
traditions and creating a stronger and recognizable identity of Pakistan throug h their designs.
1
2
http://w w w .textile.gov.pk/gop/index.php?q=aHR0cDovLzE5M i4xNjguNzAuM TM 2L21vdGkv
http://dictionary.reference.com /brow se/crafts?s=b& path=/
Shahid-2
Yet we still have a lot of dying crafts, out of which natural dyes is one of those valuable and
ecofriendly crafts which is not being carried out very commonly. I came across this topic
after coming back from our trip to Bhitshah, we had gone there for one of our assignments on
mud resist and natural dyes. After this trip I realized how beautiful these colors were how
every color had its own identity and significance, but here around the city I observed that
there are very few people who are even aware of the fact that natural dyes are still being
practiced. I researched and found out a few local village families who have learnt the process
of natural dyes from their ancestors and are still practicing it, commonly through mud resist,
as their family business. Miss Noor Jehan Bilgirami one of the famous identifiable
personality who brought the use of natural dyes to our local market is worthy of praise, but I
feel that too is restricted to a certain class only. Therefore after a few surveys a nd reading
through books I came across the fact that there are still few focus points that needs to be
researched on. Now I have organized my research and will look into the genuine problems,
practical issues, solutions, and find out if there is still hope of sustaining the craft and making
it common in the market or will it remain as one of our cultural heritage.
cover the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of
dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring
matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be
3
The natural dyes are replaced with chemical and synthesized dyes over the time because of
the shortage of resources, such as plants, animals, roots etc. from which natural dyes are
obtained, secondly they need more time and attention then the chemical dyes, thirdly
chemical dyes are more cost effective, last but not the least the more colors are available and
can be made from chemical dyes as compared to the limited colors of natural dyes. Yet all
3
http://w w w .journals.elsevier.com /dyes-and-pigm ents/
Shahid-3
issues being genuine, there can be an effort made to sustain the craft and I believe we should
make an effort and make the use of natural dyes become common, spread awareness about its
importance and value, and contribute in saving our craft, simultaneously our environment.
Shahid-4
LITERATURE REVIEW
(colour). Dyes are obtained from flowers,nuts, berries and other forms of vegetables and
plants as well as from animal and mineral sources. These are known as natural dyes. The
other class of Dyes are known as synthetic dyes are based on a particular type of chemical
4
Natural dyes are extraction from the beautiful nature from life and from surroundings,
the source of natural dyes includes, insects, plants, roots, nuts, berries, flowers, animals and
minerals.
-friendly product and process had received
significant appreciation all over the world; and the legislation and public enforcement in
developed countries are known for this purpose. Indirectly, such enforcement had partly
resulted in the growth and development of conventional textile proce ssing in developing
countries, where low-waged work force and reduced environment control are prevalent.
Consumers are now concerned about the green activities and choose products, which are non toxic and cause no harm to both the humans and the environment. This trend for eco-friendly
products has been extended to textile and apparel products, particularly those products which
5
The above mentioned text has been extracted from an article by Dr.Noor Ahmed
(Pakistani). In this article he talks about how people have started knowing about eco -friendly
products, and ecofriendly environment. He talks about how people are being concerned
regarding nontoxic products or anything harming the environment.
4
Dr. Noor Ahmed Memon, t ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ Ă ĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂ Ă ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂ ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂ ĂĂĂ ĂĂĂĂĂĂĂ , www.ptj.com.pk, (10/04/2013), http://w w w .ptj.com .pk/W eb-2010/0410/Dr.Noor.htm (19/06/2013)
5
Dr. Noor Ahmed Memon,
, www.ptj.com.pk,
(10/04/2013), http://w w w .ptj.com .pk/W eb-2010/04-10/Dr.Noor.htm [19/06/2013]
Shahid-5
As far as my knowledge and as far as I have researched until now, and also observed
particularly around me (Karachi) ,that people are still unaware an d uneducated towards the
benefits of eco-friendly environment in fact people do not even know what ecofriendly
environment is. I believe that the awareness regarding ecofriendly environment is restricted
to certain class of people. This extract relates to my topic in the sense that if people would
understand the need and importance of ecofriendly textiles, then surely they would
understand how natural dyes contribute in the ecofriendly textiles
Further Mr.Noor talks about:
ancient process found in almost every culture
around the globe. The Egyptians used red cotton, dyed with madder root, to mummify their
Pharaohs and were able to keep the secrets of the dark dye color a secret for centuries. The
Spanish became addicted to the pinks and reds made by cochineal after colonizing central and
South America. And indigo has long been used in Japan and Africa from farmers to nobles.
Natural dye became almost obsolete after the industrial revolution and later with the
discovery of chemical and petroleum based dyes. Most textiles today are dyed chemically and
can contain harmful substances such as lead, other heavy metals, and even arsenic. Naturally
dyed fabrics, on the other hand, are completely biodegradable and non -toxic, if an organic
substrate is being used. The natural dye process is environmentally sound. The water and
energy used in the process is minimized, and the water run-off is clean and can be returned
6
I agree as to how Mr.Noor mentions above, regarding natural dyes being eco-friendly.
The chemical dying is undoubtedly very harmful for the environment but then it is cost
6
Dr. Noor Ahmed Memon,
, www.ptj.com.pk,
(10/04/2013), http://w w w .ptj.com .pk/W eb-2010/04-10/Dr.Noor.htm [19/06/2013]
Shahid-6
effective also. In situation where the industrialist deal in bulk, cost is a major factor for which
they conveniently ignore the damage to the environment. This directly relates to the damage
to the ozone layer. Like Mr.Noor mentioned that we see a deep connection of natural dyes in
our history, that is through different ages more plants ,insects, wood were explored to extract
the natural dyes for different purposes. These natural dyes were used through a certain
process that was less harmful. After reading through the above mentioned text it added to my
knowledge that the process of natural dyes involves less consumption of wa ter and energy.
While on the other side it is well observed that there are disadvantages of chemical
dyes effecting our environment, no matter it is cost effective, it involves a lot of destruction
damage and has disadvantages at the end, and one of them is harm to marine life.
and therefore these chemicals use a great amount of oxygen from the sea water in order to
disintegrate. This as a result also harms the marine and aquatic life in many serious ways. The
using of oxygen from the sea water leads to reduction in the amount of oxygen left for the
7
e chemical dyes but also a lot of other industries apart from
textile industry are being ignorant to the fact that they are causing huge damage to the marine
life. If our industry makes an effort and incorporate natural dyes commercially it can help pay
an important role in ecofriendly textiles. At the end of the day in practical life money is what
matters to these big industrialist and since chemical dyes are less time consuming, cost
effective, color diversification is possible ,and easy to satisfy the market need, they ignore the
damage they are causing to the environment. These industrialists are much aware of how
7
Shahid-7
valuable natural dyes are and it needs to be sustained commercially and not left unattended to
t see any effort being made on large scale.
initially made Azo dyes - Germany - was the first to impose the ban. The pesticides laden
cotton is causing cancer and destroying the very eco-systems [ground water pollution] where
cotton is grown.When babies suck on this type of cotton as babies often do, the chemicals in
damage from all artificially dyed clothes and bed-sheets whose micro-fibres are inhaled every
8
South Asian Handlooms &
This text directly relates to my topic in context to damage from certain dyes
and benefits of certain dyes. It is understood due to natural devastation, loss of minerals, and
loss of natural resources we are unable to take forward the craft of natural dyes commercially
or practically it is not possible because of the limited availability of the plants, roots, animals,
minerals from which natural dyes are extracted. Azo dye is one of the chemically processed
dyes and we can practically relate to it being harmful for the consumer as well as beneficial
for the producer. Since it is harmful to health, and is cancerous serious measures should be
taken.
common dye class (anthraquinones). They have fair to good fastness properties, but not so
8
Salman Minhas, South Asian Handlooms & Natural Dyes www.the-south-asian.com,
(07/2006) , http://www.the-south-asian.com/jan2005/South_Asian_handlooms.htm,
[19/06/2013]
Shahid-8
good as the carbonyl and phthalocyanine classes. Their biggest advantage it their costeffectiveness, which is due to the processes involved in manufacture. The general formula for
making an azo dye requires two organic compounds- a coupling component and a diazo
component. Since these can be altered considerably, an enormous range of possible dyes are
9
There is a need of finding a mid-way to manage the cost effectiveness of these
natural dyes as well as keeping in mind how destructive the chemicals dyes can be for the
human life. No matter azo dyes is one of the easy way out, it is cost effective, and also being
able to produce more variety of colours, at the end of the day it is injurious to health.After
everyday life it is in a way socially affecting our lives.
vegetable matter
without any chemical process-ing. Increasing awareness of the environmental and health
hazards associated with the synthesis, processing, and use of synthetic dyes has created a
worldwide interest in tex-tiles dyed with natural dyes. During the last decade, the use of
natural dyes has gained momentum due to the in-c r e a s e d d e m a n d f o r t h e s e d y e s b y
t h e f o o d , p h a r m a c e u t i c a l , cosmetic as well as the textile coloration industry.
T e x t i l e p r o c e s s i n g i n d u s t r y i s o n e o f t h e m a j o r e n v i r o n - mental
polluters. In order to process a ton of textile, one m i g h t
have
to
use
as
m u c h a s 2 3 0 t o 2 7 0 t o n s o f w a t e r . T h e effluent generated by this
much water would pollute the environment as it may contain a heavy load of chemicals
u s e d d u r i n g t e x t i l e p r o c e s s i n g . T h e r e a r e t w o m a i n w a y s t o limit the
9
Nam e unknow n,
w w w .chm .bris.ac.uk,
(2010), http://w w w .chm .bris.ac.uk/w ebprojects2002/price/azo.htm , [20/06/2013]
Shahid-9
environmental impact of textile processing. One is to construct sufficiently large and highly
effective effluent treatment plants, and the other way is to make use of dyes and chemicals
that
are
environment
friendly.Natural dyes are mostly eco-
friendly, biodegradable,l e s s t o x i c , a n d l e s s a l l e r g e n i c a s c o m p a r e d t o s y n t h e t i
c
10
The above text again mentions that no matter how difficult it gets bu t over the time
serious efforts have to be made to bring awareness of natural dyes in order to help keeping a
use of the natural dyes is still very limited due to non-availability of standard shade cards and
and are required to be used in conjunction with mordents. A mordant, usually a metallic salt,
is regarded as a chemic
11
This article again talks about different dyes and eco friendly environment. In this
article as a whole the focus is on natural dye from Eucalyptus. After reading through this
article and a few other related texts, I believe that there is a need of proper attention towards
eco-friendly environment through focusing on awareness for sustaining different crafts that
contribute to eco-friendly textiles out of which natural dyes and disadvantages of chemically
processed dyes need to be looked upon.
10
S. Ali1, N. Nisar, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
T. Hussain, Department of Textile Chemistry, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Dyeing properties of natural dyes extractedfrom eucalyptus
http://w w w .academ ia.edu/1932776/Dyeing_properties_of_natural_dyes_extracted_from _eucalypt
us [20/06/13]
11
T. Hussain, Department of Textile Chemistry, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Dyeing properties of natural dyes extractedfrom eucalyptus
http://w w w .academ ia.edu/1932776/Dyeing_properties_of_natural_dyes_extracted_from _eucalypt
us [20/06/13]
Shahid-10
f the major concerns apart from just being connected to eco-friendly
environment this issue further leads to economical issue as well. It creates a bad image for the
dyeing units in Pakistan. The wastes produced by these dyeing units also have their influe nce
on the social and economic part of our country. Most of the companies abroad to whom these
dyed products are being exported, are becoming more and more specific and concious about
healthy environment of the producing country, from whom they import. Wit h such
environmentally friendly issues becoming particularly important globally, the social concerns
about conservational ethics need to be addressed by local dyeing sectors. Only then they will
be able to survive amongst the international pressure and competition. Many a time,
importers from USA send their teams to the dyeing units in Karachi to check on work
12
As I read through a few articles and books, eco-friendly environments is becoming topic of
discussion. Economic pressure is also one of the factors that can be maintained through ecofriendly
(International Standards Organization), or EMS (Environmental Management System) these
are certifying bodies that certify a certain company for maintaining the standard quality and
environmental awareness. A few buyers dealing with these dyeing companies or units specify
their environmental conditions in their contract and pay special attention to these agreements
throughout the deal. Since there is no serious treatment of waste water from the dyeing units
of Karachi, the companies often lose their business due to such issues not being dealt with.
This results in reduction in export from the textile industry, which is a major contributor to
the GDP of Pakistan. When individual dyeing units not deal with environmental measures,
not only they directly affect the economy of Pakistan, but also aff ect the employment level.
12
(M r.Iftikhar Bazm i,Q uality M anagem ent Reporter,ISO.)
Shahid-11
Workers working in an unhealthy environment are prone to illness, and health issues, which
13
The textile industries need to have an urge to look into these issue and maintain
balance in order to stabilize the environmental damage that has been going on from
not just the textile industry whose responsible, but it can look over issues like chemical dyes
etc. to maintain eco-friendly environment playing a responsible and an important role in the
society.
refineries, and pipelines get older, the danger of accidents increases, but by combining strong
community organizations with a tool for collecting samples of toxic pollution, the people of
Durban have made themselves safer. They have shown the rest of their country and the world
that people can make industry and government take responsibility for their environmenta l
14
After reading through text from a dissertation by an Indus valley student (2009) I have
observed how important it is for our industry to maintain a standard in terms eco -friendly
environment. Our textile industry ,in particular our dying units need to pay attention and look
into alternates in terms of what kind of dyes should be commercially used, and which dyes
should not be used.
of organic chemistry in Europe, industrialized countries generally adopted synthetic dyes and
pigments extracted from fossil resources, coal-tar and oil. Cheap and easy to apply, they
caused a cultural revolution. Mass synthetic colouring of everyday plastics, textiles, pain ts,
cosmetics and food has now led people all over the world to take colours for granted. In the
13
14
Shahid-12
new era of synthetic colorants, research into natural dyes largely changed focus, shifting from
economic issues to historical, archaeological and heritage aspe cts, until, recently, the
situation changed with the global growing awareness of the threats on environment and of the
15
The above mentioned text relates to, actually when and why did the revolution occur, and
people started shifting from natural dyes to chemical dyes, not only in terms of textiles, but
also in use of dyes in everyday life.
to save it from extinction. Ms Javed said that keeping in view the importance of the
workshop, she was documenting it through videos and prints. Mr Hussain said that apparel on
sale in the market had synthetic dyeing that led to skin cancer. He said Europe was very
cautious about synthetic dyeing and if Pakistan started producing more naturally-dyed
16
It felt great to know that the art institutes and their faculty are well aware of the
importance of sustaining a dying craft, the thought of sustaining the craft is not just survival
of any craft, but to understand its importance and look into its beneficial aspects. We as
students of IVSA are made to go through courses where we work towards the sustainable
design measures, that can help revive a dying craft, the experience has been great.
15
DOMINIQUE CARDON NATURAL DYES,OUR GLOBAL HERITAGE OF COLOURS
(2010),
http://digitalcom m ons.unl.edu/cgi/view content.cgi?article=1011& context=tsaconf ,[20/06/2013]
www.digitalcom m ons.unl.edu,
16
w w w .dailytim es.com .pk,(
(Wednesday, October 20, 2004), http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_20-10-
2004_pg7_19, [20/06/2013]
Shahid-13
sounds, running water, shady trees, and many natural and man -made contrivances to delight
the heart. Birds, animals and humans enjoyed this garden and its delights. In this paradise
lived a colony of peacocks, and they too both enjoyed and added to the beauties and joys of
the garden, eating, dancing, and calling to each other with happiness. One day, the king who
owned the garden, on a whim, ordered that one of the peacocks be entirely sewn up in a
leather sack, with only a small channel through which a few grains of coarse meal should be
fed, barely enough to keep the bird alive. This was done, and as time passed the peacock
forgot the beauties of the garden, the calls of its mates, the scent of the flowers, the joy of
dance and the taste of good and varied food. The dirty and constraining leather sack became
its world. It forgot its own beauty and thought of itself as a worthless and ugl y fellow,
capable of nothing but of swallowing the meagre grains of meal which were its only diet.
What's more, it recreated in its constrained imagination the entire world in the image of the
leather sack, and of all other creatures as similarly encumbered and constrained. In its dark
and blinded world terror and despair loomed large.
Much of our development planning starts from inside the leather sack, recasting a
world of peace, plenty and harmony in our blinkered imaginations into a world of terror an d
despair, and planning for 'survival' strategies for that dark existence. The more we do so, the
more despair and terror we generate, the greater the impetus towards self -fulfilling
prophecies of doom. Then destruction of nature, of human values evolved o ver millenia, of
humanity itself, becomes consequences within the realm of possibility. But can we turn away
from this hope-
17
17
A future vision for natural dyeing in India[summary]w w w .ced.org.in,
http://ced.org.in/docs/otherdocs/A_future_vision_for_natural_dyeing_U zram m a.doc
Shahid-14
It is now in our hands to understand and analyse the problems, find solutio n, not blindly
follow the money making track, rather look into every aspect of using synthetic dyes
commercially and ignoring the importance of natural dyes leaving them behind as a cultural
heritage. The above text narrates a small story from which an aim is derived, it relates to the
need of awakening the textile industry and build ourselves a better future.
Shahid-15
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter of my dissertation I have organized as to how will I take my research forward
incorporating different methods of research, that will help me sort the questions and
confusions I have regarding my topic and lead to a conclusion, I will organize and gather
primary and secondary research relevant to my topic.
I will gather primary research through interviews from existing local dyers who are not using
natural dyes but only synthetic dyes, dyers who are only focused on using natural dyes,
designer who has worked with natural dyes, someone who does not have textile degree yet
runs a pret wear business. I have planned to conduct a survey through questionnaire amongst
the students of art schools and business schools, since they can relate more to the knowledge
I am looking for my topic then any general girl or women in market, because these students at
this time of life start being more fashion oriented and try to set a standard of fashion or trend
that they follow, yet I will try getting my questions answered by few professional women . I
have also thought of interviewing great personalities who have been w orking with natural
dyes like the well-known and most famous amongst us Noor Jahan Bilgirami, once my
interviews and surveys are done, at the end I would like to have a discussion with miss Noor
Jehan Bilgirami and share as to what I would conclude with the gathered information ,and
then ask for her experienced and valued remarks on my research and thoughts. I will also
interview qualified people in textiles (unidentified designers) who are new to market, in order
to have information to compare in regard to what is market demanding today in terms of dyes
and what do experienced textile designers have to say about the over powering of chemical
and processed dyes over natural dyes.
For further research I have planned to look through more books related to dyein g process and
also newspaper articles that I have read through and also information from previous
Shahid-16
dissertations referred by a few Indus graduates has also been helpful to some extent. I have
been spending time in the library in order to initially gain know ledge about what natural dyes
and synthetic dyes are all about. I have previously read through a few articles online that
relate to my topic in context to how harmful these chemical dyes are and also regarding the
cost effectiveness of chemical dyes. I will be looking for similar articles that relate to my
topic, like at the moment I am reading through a few books regarding the benefits of natural
dyes and how valuable they are, I am trying to look for material through previous
dissertations and also documentaries on ancient textile, and craft. I have read through a few
blogs which might not be authentic but as a general person`s thinking I can relate it with my
topic.
Shahid-17
Findings
1. What is your age?
18 to 24 77.8%
25 to 34 22.2%
100.00%
80.00%
77.80%
60.00%
40.00%
22.20%
20.00%
0.00%
18-24
2. What is your occupation?
Art student 81.7%
Business student 7.2%
businessmen/women 7.4%
Designer 3.7%
25-34
Shahid-18
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
81.70%
Art Student
7.20%
7.40%
Business
Student
Business
M en/W om an
3.70%
Designer
3. Do you have any interest or knowledge in textiles?
Yes 88.7%
No 11.1%
100.00%
90.00%
88.70%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
11.10%
10.00%
0.00%
Yes
4. Do you know about natural dyes?
Yes 87.6%
No
Shahid-19
No 12.4%
100.00%
90.00%
87.60%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
12.40%
10.00%
0.00%
Yes
No
5. How often do you use or purchase fabric dyed in natural dyes?
Once a week 3.8%
Once in two weeks 3.6%
Once in a month 19.2%
Once in three months 73.3%
Shahid-20
500.00%
4.5
450.00%
400.00%
350.00%
300.00%
250.00%
200.00%
150.00%
100.00%
50.00%
3.80%
3.60%
Once A W eek
Once A Tw o W eek
19.20%
0.00%
Once In A M onth
Once In Three M onths
6. Do you think natural dyes are eco-friendly, and should be preferred instead of chemical
dyes?
Yes 85.2%
No 14.8%
100.00%
85.20%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
14.80%
20.00%
0.00%
Yes
No
7. Did you know that today, most of the time the natural dyes are mixed with chemical dies in
order to have brighter colours and to make the product cost effective?
Shahid-21
Yes 57.7%
No 42.3%
70.00%
60.00%
57.70%
50.00%
42.30%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Yes
No
8. Would you prefer naturally died fabric over chemical dyed fabric knowing it will cost
more?
Yes 40.7%
No 59.3%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
59.30%
40.70%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Yes
No
9. Do you think cost effectiveness is strong enough justification to use chemical and
processed dyes instead of natural dyes?
Yes 48.4%
No 51.6%
Shahid-22
51.60%
52.00%
51.00%
50.00%
49.00%
48.40%
48.00%
47.00%
46.00%
Yes
No
10. Briefly explain, did few of the above mentioned questions help you get convinced if
natural dyes should be commercially used and not ignored leaving it aside as a cultural heritage.
11. What measures could help sustain natural dyes against chemically processed dyes in our textile
units.
Analysis and Discussion
I had organised my research into sections, where I interviewed local dyers, natural dyers,
designer, a lady who runs online business of pret wear, interviewed a designer who designs
Shahid-23
clothes for men. I also gathered information through questionnaires from young generation,
since I was not sure of a few questions I had in mind.
I had conducted a survey amongst students from Indus Valley and also girls from business
schools also a few professional working women (it included young g irls as well as few ladies upto
the age of 32).I even tried to get it filled from a few male students but they refused, saying they are
not interested in textiles therefore they barely have knowledge of these branches of textiles, yet
managed a few male family members who were convinced and helped me by filling the
questionnaire.
According to the survey 77.8% were girls while only 22.2% were woman out of which 81.7% were
Art student, 7.2% were Business student, 7.4% were businessmen/women while Designers we re
3.7%.
88.7% of the people were those who had knowledge about textiles while the 11.3%
were unaware of lot things like crafts, trends and fashion, they were not interested in textiles.
Similarly most of them knew what natural dyes are while a lot of them did not, a lot of people
natural dyes are, 87.6% knew about it while 12.4% did not have any knowledge about what
natural dyes were. Since majority people who filled my questionnaire did have an art
background, which I feel guided them in context to awareness regarding natural dyes, while
the rest were quite blank because of which people are also unaware of the fact that natural
dyes are eco-friendly. Through one of my questions from the survey I found out that on an
average people buy naturally died fabric once in 3 months (73.3%). I think it is so because
while interviewing a local dyer I connected to the survey result while he said
wakai koshish bhi nhain kiya hai natural dye k baray main maloom karne ya seekhne ko kyun
Shahid-24
18
so even in market not many dyers have facilities for natural dying, besides this they are not
even interested in knowing or gaining more knowledge since they believe if they have
sufficient earnings they do not need to make the effort. I went through a dissertation related
to Natural dyes and through interviews it was found that a lot of times a fe w natural coloured
dyes are chemically processed to make them more marketable and cost effective, even baba
Allah dino mentioned beta daikho kuch cheezein waqt k sath sath aur tajurby se bataun k ye
jo dyer sheron me bhaithe hain na ye inke bas ki baat nahi kyun k wo unke sath pushtian bhi
natural dye pe lagain tou bhi nahi kama sakte iski kuch wajoohat hain hum khud kuch had
taq natural dye karte hain magar kuch cheezon me hum bhi chemical dye lagatay hain aur
lagana parta hai bohat se natural dyes main bhi milawat karni parti kyun A1 quality
19
After the results
from the survey I conducted, it was observed that knowledgeable people were also unaware
of the fact that today, most of the time the natural dyes are mixed with chemical dies in order
to have brighter colours and to make the product cost effective, just half of the people
knowing about natural dyes were aware of the fact. The survey further explained that 85%
people did agree that natural dyes were eco-friendly but because they would cost more they
would not prefer it over chemical dyes only 40% agreed on buying naturally dyed products,
ignoring the cost issue (I felt like going upto these 40% and salute them for a mature and
responsible thought.)
The survey I conducted through questionaires, concludes and reflects, that people are
unaware of the fact that there is something called natural dyes or there something apart from
chemical dyes. There is a certain class who has knowledge, apart from having knowledge
18
st
H anif ,a local dyer, interview ed on 21 m arch 2013 (the interview w as conducted in person and w as noted in
w riting)
19
th
Baba Allah Dino interview ed in Bhitshah on 9 August 2012 (the interview w as conducted in person and w as
noted in w riting)
Shahid-25
nobody practically accepts it, to be part of their daily life. It is observed through the survey
people are act selfish and demand easy ways, pressurizing our local dyers indirectly.
After conducting the survey and the interview from two local dyers I believe that the
effort introducing natural dyes since they are already earning sufficient amount. One of the
baji agar hum khud koshish bhi karain natural dye introduce karana tau
ye jo madam haina ye hum se kabhi nahin khareedingi un bari dukano ka jin ka naam hai in
while this eld
gaon main kuwain(well) thay jin main jado(roots) se rang banatay thay pyaz(onion) se,chalio
se aur kai cheezo se banataya thay magar wo maal mere hisab se kuj chand
grahako(customers) k liye order par tayar hota tha , kyun k aam taur pe kuwain soookhay
20
This statement of his clearly shows that these people who have the knowledge are easily set
back with the fact no matter how good natural dyes result they prefer chemical dyes because
it runs faster in the market. It is now a fact that money is what matters, citizens are forgetting
their role and responsibility, and none are willing to sacrifice, be it the producer, buyer, seller,
or the consumer.
While I interviewed a designer who was fresh textile graduate from AIFD and was
appreciation, she told me that `although she had not done deep research on natural dyes ,yet
was aware of the fact how chemically processed dyes were hazardous for health and
20
Ghuffran a local dyer , interview ed on 21 st m arch 2013, (the interview w as conducted in person and w as
noted in w riting)
Shahid-26
in hand embroidery at her warehouse, it was meant to help them improve their skills, she did
so by inviting skilled and famous designers who incorporate and encourage hand embroidery
After our conversation ended she added that she has had designs where she has used
naturally dyed fabric and has also used ajrak directly (naturally died chadd ar, a tradition of
Sindh) for making waist coats for women, and now was wanting to do a small workhop for
these natural dyers to give them exposure by introducing them to a platform where she would
invite various designers. These designers will then get in direct contact and help the natural
21
idea of using naturally dyed fabric , and proposed him a rough budget and profit margin, I
also took a sample of fabric, to which he was very much convinced and is willing to invest
and give it a try. He would want to meet one of the natural dyers and go ahead with a
passion that lead me so far and made me start this business. It was a great experience learning
and knowing about naturally dyed fabric. I love the colour also, they are very sophisticated
a
22
Further I went to a local designer Asma, who has no textile background but runs apparel and
accessories exhibitions every 3 months and sells her products online also. I asked her if she
knew about natural dyes, she told me she did have an idea, since she keeps hearing about it,
21
st
june 2013 (the interview
w as conducted on call and w as noted in w riting)
22
Usm an ,designer and ow ner at ZUW AAS ,interview ed on 1 st june 2013 (the interview w as conducted in
person and w as noted in w riting)
Shahid-27
and she has always had love for the fabric since she had seen a few online , and was
desperately wanting to experience the use of the fabric. After my interview she called me and
told me to bring the naturally dyed and block printed fabric I had in my wardrobe to her
office, on reaching her office, she told me that she wants to get in touch with one of the
natural dyers who incorporate mud resist process along with natural dyes. S
really glad u came to me for the interview it was nice hearing so much about natural dyes,
since it had been more than a month I was trying to get hold of a middle person who could
help me get through these mud resist craftsperson, you are
23
After the two meeting with the two designers I felt how small was the task, and I
realised I did contribute and tried to sustain the craft ,although I did not make much effort I
shared my piece of knowledge with them , and their mature thoughts clicked rig ht then. All
these famous designers can promise themselves to make one whole collection with naturally
to a better level.
Conclusion
I researched on how natural dyes were practically used in olden days and with the
invention of synthetic dyes over the time they have become a cultural heritage and a dying
23
Asm a designer, pret w ear for w om en, interview ed on 10 th April 2013 (the interview w as conducted in person
and w as noted in w riting)
Shahid-28
craft. In the beginning when I started my research I partially agreed to the fact that the reason
of natural dyes being a dying craft is because of the shortage of natural resources, time
consumption cost issues, but as I read further I realised that no matter what the reasons might
lly. Keeping in
view all the problems faced, economically, increasing competition, customer demand we also
need to focus on global warming, health issues, eco-friendly textiles, hazardous wastes,
pollution and contribute well to our society. Every citizen is responsible for making a
healthier, happier, secure, balanced and a beautiful future for the country. No matter he/she is
in textiles sector, businessperson, textile designer, architect or any professional life or a
housewife, be it a mother, father, son, daughter, or a husband they have a vital role to the
society through their acts and thoughts. After researching through blogs, discussion,
interviews, surreys etc., I feel that genuinely serious effort needs to be made, though it will
take a lot of time
dyes to daily life, we can always increase its use by spreading awareness about what natural
dyes are and the benefits of natural dyes. We can at least raise the bar up to a percentage of
about 40% natural and 60% chemical dyes.
Like mentioned by baba Allah dino
rang log pasand kartay hain, ladkio ko bhi is k shokh shokh rang chahiye hotay hain ,is k
liye hum koshish karae hain ,indigo aur haldi se hum ne haray rang ki bhi kismain nikal li
hain, isi tarha keeno wala tez rang bhi kareeban a jata hai , hum apni koshish karae hein
logon ki pasand k mutabik cheez tayyar karne ki agay aap logo k haath main hai k pasand
,daughter we are observing now what is the demand,people want variety
in colours,specially girls want bright colours,for which we are trying, we make shades of
Shahid-29
green with indigo and turmeric,similarly we have tried making a nice orange,we are trying to
make things as per the demand,rest is on you people to like and appreciate.) 24
After all my primary and secondary research I would conclude my dissertation with a
very convinced idea that natural dyes have now become part of our cultural heritage due to
valid reasoning and all the ups and downs. It is true that there is not much market genuinely,
there is no point maintaining a craft which is hard to sustain, since all the basic raw material
to go ahead with, like the roots, plants, animals, minerals etc are fi nishing due to constant
natural devastation we have to outsource the raw material most of the time. On the other hand
the dyers are right about not spending time trying to learn and then spend years to get hold of
a market, who would actually appreciate or look forward to natural dyes, but then again if
people would know that using natural dyes is healthier, and good for the environment, if
people understand the value of cultural heritage being useful, the dyers will also be convinced
and readily want to make an effort introducing natural dyes along with the processed dyes.
No doubt there are numerous draw backs that hinder in the process, out of which cost time
and lack of raw material are the main highlights as to why dyers are not inclined towards
making an effort and bring about a market for natural dyes. Again there is a very significant
identity to this craft which is again by far all the reasons, a very valuable and an ecofriendly
craft it will always be beneficial in terms of health. While there are a few people like baba
Allah dino from bhit shah, baba Nathu Raam in Mithi, Tharparkar, baba Abdullah Dada from
Mathiari,Sindh and a few more around mostly in interior Sindh who are willing to maintain
the craft and keep going with the small market they have, we can atleast help them by geting
in touch with international market ,them being open to different markets will help them get
better exposure. Efforts by the famous artist Miss.Noor Jehan bilgirami have been well
24
th
Baba A llah Dino interview ed in Bhitshah on 9 August 2012 (the interview w as conducted in person and w as
noted in w riting)
Shahid-30
observed by most of us, through Koel ,her exhibition, books, her designed products are well
recognized as naturally died products. Similarly if Miss.Noor Jehan Bilgirami can be the
pioneer of bringing natural dyes to public observation we all can also contribute and take her
efforts forward through different forums. Other designers should also get involved and
sustain the craft by making it recognizable to every class, since these designers have their
own forum they can bring about the change and spread awareness regarding the beauty of
natural dyes.
I strongly believe that natural dyes cannot be left aside as cultural heritage, and need to be
practiced commercially. It will take a lot of time, but we need to bring the few craftsperson,
who are still alive, who know the process of natural dyes and are skilled in practicing natural
dyes to a level where they are open to every class of people, we will have to help them
transfer their skills to the younger craftsperson, help them get motivated. An effort is needed
to bring the natural dyers in competition with the local dyers so as to make the local dyers
also realize the value of sustaining a dying craft.
Shahid-31
Appendices
GALLERY
One of the process of indigo dyeing in Bhit Shah.
Shahid-32
Shahid-33
25
26
25
Self-taken at Bhit Shah on 9 th
26
th
Self-taken at Bhit Shah on 9 august 2012. O ne of the products(curtains) designed and dyed by baba Allah
dino`s team at Bhit Shah.
Shahid-34
Following is some of the work produced by the students(Design, NCA, Pakistan, Textile
Design)
27
27
Design, NCA, Pakistan, Textile Design
(12/30/2009)http://salmanafzal.typepad.com/blog/page/7/ [20/06/2013]
Block printed Collection
Shahid-35
Natural dyeing workshops
Sabiha, our visting textile designer from Pakistan has been busy preparing for her natural dye
workshops here at Chelsea. Sabiha brought with her some natural dye stuffs including
tumeric and pomegrante and she has been showing students how to dye yarn and fabric using
this age-old technique.
The students were shown how to prepare the dye stuffs, using a mordent and how to dye the
sample pieces with a consistent coverage.
Several of our MA textile students have been investigating natural dye techniques for the last
6 months and they attended this workshop to extend their knowledge. It will be interesting to
see how they integrate this into their work which will be shown at their preview show this
Thursday 27th May at Millbank, and continues Friday 10am - 8pm and Saturday 10am 28
28
Natural dyeing workshops
textilesenvironmentdesign.blogspot.com
(05/2010), http://textilesenvironmentdesign.blogspot.com/2010/05/natural-dyeingworkshops.html [20/06/2013]
Shahid-36
29
29
Natural dyeing workshops
textilesenvironmentdesign.blogspot.com
(05/2010), http://textilesenvironmentdesign.blogspot.com/2010/05/natural-dyeingworkshops.html [20/06/2013]
Shahid-37
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. What is your age?
18 to 24
25 to 34
2. What is your occupation?
Art Student
Business Student
Shahid-38
businessmen/women
Designer
3. Do you have any interest or knowledge in textiles?
Yes
No
4. Do you know about natural dyes?
Yes
No
5. How often do you use or purchase fabric dyed in natural dyes?
Once a week
Once in two weeks
Once in a month
Once in three months
6. Do you think natural dyes are eco-friendly, and should be preferred instead of chemical dyes?
Yes
No
7. Did you know that today, most of the time the natural dyes are mixed with chemical dies in order
to have brighter colours and to make the product cost effective?
Yes
No
8. Would you prefer naturally died fabric over chemical dyed fabric knowing it will cost more?
Yes
No
9. Do you think cost effectiveness is strong enough justification to use chemical and
Shahid-39
processed dyes instead of natural dyes?
Yes
No
10. Briefly explain, did few of the above mentioned questions help you get convinced if natural dyes
should be commercially used and not ignored leaving it aside as a cultural heritage.
11. What measures could help sustain natural dyes against chemically processed dyes in our textile
units.
Shahid-40
INTERVIEW 1
Natural dyer
Interviewed in Bhit Shah
Interviewed on 9th august 2012
interviewed Baba Allah Dino
Q1. Ap ka naam kya hai?
Ans. Allah Dino
Q2. App kab se is kaam main hain?
Ans. Beta ankh khuli thee tab se sab kam daikh rahe hain bachpan me hee seekha tha
aur tabse is ka karobar le k agay badh gaya.
Q3. Ap apne is karobar sekhush hain?
Ans. Bohat khush hun, Allah ka diya bohat hai, asal kaam toumere bache hee karte
hain.
Q4. Ap ne is kaam main waqt k sath sath koi taraqi hasil ki?
Ans.Han bilkul phele shuru me ass pass k logon ko baichte thay phir sher le jana
shuru kyauske baad Allah bhala karay Ala darje ki tanzeemon ka humain angraizon k beech
dawat per bulaya hamara kam angrezon ko dikhaya, ordermile, ek baar kuch austrailwi (he
meant australians) mehman le ker kuch tijarti log aye unhun ne humIn sheher bulaya apnay
baqi austrailwi saathiyon se milwaya hum se hamari khanai suni, film banai, aur humaray
taiyar kiye huay peice exhibition pe le gae aur phir ek baar wohi austrailwi sahab dobara se
Shahid-41
humaray pas bhit shah ae aur apni zaban me kuch keh kar mera hath choom lia unke sath
maujood logo se mainay poocha tou unhun ne bataya k wou us insaan k hath choomna
chahtay hain jis ne is fun ko itni maharat se samhal kar hum taq pohanchaya.
Q5. Kya ap ko lagta hai k waqt k sath sath kuj behtari ho sakti hai?
Ans. Ho kya sakti hai beta mujhe behtari mehsus hoti hai, ye ap logon ki di hui izzat,
mehnT ki waja se hee bum naye naye designo ko aur rangon ko kamiyab karte hain, shukriya
hai khas apki shenaz madam ka jo ap bachon me is sabki ehmiat ko layee hain aur iski
koshisho ko salam bai jo bachay aye hamaray pass, hum ko kuch na kuch madad de gaye.
Q6.apko lagta hai k chemical dyes k muqablay asakta hain natural dyes?
Nahi beta daikho kuch cheezein waqt k sath sath aur tajurby se bataun k ye jo dyer
sheron me bhaithe hain na ye inke bas ki baat nahi kyun k wo unke sath pushtian bhi natural
dye pe lagain tou bhi nahi kama sakte iski kuch wajoohat hain hum khud kuch had taq
natural dye karte hain magar kuch cheezon me hum bhi chemical dye lagatay hain aur lagana
parta hai bohat se natural dyes main bhi milawat karni parti kyun A1 quality mehgengi parti
hai humain tou kuj rango k liye chemical dye milatay hain
Q7. Ap koi koshish karae hein apni taraf se, design ya rango main k ziada bikay apka
natural dyed block printed kapda.
beta ab tau hum dekh rahay haina k kya kya rang log pasand kartay hain, ladkio ko bhi is k
shokh shokh rang chahiye hotay hain ,is k liye hum koshish karae hain ,indigo aur haldi se
hum ne haray rang ki bhi kismain nikal li hain, isi tarha keeno wala tez rang bhi kareeban a
jata hai , hum apni koshish karae hein logon ki pasand k mutabik cheez tayyar karne ki agay
aap logo k haath main hai k pasand kro ya nahn
Shahid-42
Baba to me,
Beta tumhari koshishain zaya na janay dena, kabhi mayus na hona, har kaam main
waqt lagta hai aur ye waqt hai aur ye tou khasa mushkil masla utha liya hau, magar abhi bhi
Allab k shukar se gher k choolay chalre hain.
Shahid-43
INTERVIEW 2
Natural dyer
Abdullah dada (Mathiari)
Interviwed at IVSA
Interviwed on 10th april 2013
Q.1 baba apka naam kya hai?
Abdullah dada mera naam hai.
Q2. Ap kitnay arsay se natural dyes k saath kaam karae hein?
yehi koi samjho beta jab hosh sambhala hai tau yehi dekha aur seeekha hai, yad nahn.
Q3. Ap k ghar ka har fard is business main hai?
(smiles at business) han business tau apna mera hai 2 baitay meri madad kartay hein aur baki
3 betay apnay aur aur naukarian krtay hein.
Q4. Ap dyes kahan se laitay hain?
hum ab tau yahn se sasta khareed laitay hain hain asal rang tha ali zarin k jo india se ata tha
sab se acha, aur indigo jo k ata tha Germany aur india se.
Q5. Ap IVSA k ilawa kisi school university gae hain?
aray beta mera tau ana jana kab se laga hi hua hai jab madam Noor Jehan Bilgirami ne kaam
shuru kiya tha tau wo lai thi mjhe unke karigaro ko kam maine sikhaya hai aur tab se indus
valley ana jana shuru hua hai , is k ilawa TIP, AIFD , KU wagaira bhi gaya hun main.
Q6. Ap k hisab se sab se ziada market kahan hai filhal natural dyes ki ?
Lahore, Karachi main natural ki bht demand hai aur Hyderabad main bhi hai par wahan log
chemical walay rang ziada mangtay hain.
Shahid-44
INTERVIEW 3
Natural dyer
interviewed Naathu Raam
Interviewed in Mithi,Tharparkar
Interviewed on 10 th april 2013
Q1. Name?
Ans. Naathu ram.
Q2. Baba apko kitne saal hogaye ye kam karte huye?
Ans. Yehikoi samjho 30-35 saal
Q3. Kya ap kabhi mithi se bahar gaye hain?
Ans. Nahi yahan se nikalne ka kabhi zaroorat nahi mehsoos hui ye ati hain ab tou
order de kar jaati hain, thardeep se aati hain, khush rahay ye pyaari bachiyan kyun k ab tou
hum khud akhri sanson k kareeb hain beta mehbat karta hai tum kaun le jaye ka sab kuj
kahun aur koi sahara bhi nahi
Q4. Ap kabhi khuwahish nahi hui k shahar le k jain apna kam?
Ans.hoti thee aurik adh dafa lekar gaye the magar kharcha pooraa nahi hota tha yahn
ki bikriis khushrahay hain hamesha
Q5. Ap k han chemical dye k block print me bhi achi variety hai.
Shahid-45
Ans. Han ye bachiyan le jati haina sheher bechny ko tou yaehi rangeen taiz rang
walay bhi khas lejati hain inki office se jab order atay hain tou us main chemical walay bhi
shamik hotay hain.
Baba to me,
Ek daraakhat (tree) tha hamaray bachpan main hum wahan khela karte the us k
neechay hamaray baapu ye keh kar daratay the k wahan na jaya karo wahan saya hai wakat k
saTh baday huye toumaloom chala k koi saya nahi tha wahN jaI botiyan ugti thee jo kar k
natural dye main istemal karte hain tab pata padi asal baat.
Q6. Ap ko natural dyes k kuj mustaqbil nazar ata hai?
Ans. Ye kuch dinonki baat hai log janingay nahi fark k konsa natural hai aur konsa
chemical kyun k ab natural dye bhi natural nahi rahe
Shahid-46
INTERVIEWS 4
Designer for men`s wear ZUWAAS
interviewed Usman Rizwi
Interviewed in ZUWAAS design house
Interviewed on 29 thmay 2013
Q1. Do u have a design degree?
no
Q2. How did u came across the idea of starting a men`s pret wear?
Well from early teenage I was one of those who would google trends and fashions follow
them and be smart wellme to ZUWAAS.
Q3. Is it a partnership?
Q4. Did u know what natural dyes are?
No, I only know that dyes exist and s
clue.
Q5. Since earlier on email I spoke to you that I wanted to interview you regarding natural
dyes for my dissertation, would you want me to share my word document on your email.
Yes sure, why not ,I think it would be of great help to me.
Second Meeting on:
1st june 2013
Q. I sent you a proposal regarding natural dyed fabric products, do you find it practical?
Yes since I went through your research and proposal, I feel there is always room for
Shahid-47
experiments, in fact healthy experiments.
Q. Do you think we can take this project forward, through ZUWAAS?
Yes, sure, it was a great experience learning and knowing about naturally dyed fabric. I love
the colour also, they are very sophisticated and has a slightly brighter side of colour range
also, I surely would like to give it a chance, and would want to meat one the teams of natural
dyers whom you know.
Shahid-48
INTERVIEW 5
Women`s pret wear designer
Asma
Interviwed at Asma`s office
Interviwed on 10th April 2013
Q1. Do u have a design degree?
No
Q2. How did u came across the idea of starting a women`s pret wear?
I have always been a shopaholic with time learnt to do cheaper shopping, learnt to
make clothes and get them stitched with different cuts and style, meanwhile got married
,husband`s appreciation and encouragement motivated me to start up a small home based
plan, he gave me all the needed resources and with time and experience I am stepping few
steps forward alhamdulilah,initially I use to exhibit once in 5 or 6 months ,but now I have
gotten the hang over it things run smoothly ,no I exhibit once in 3 months, its bin 4 and a half
years now with experience and time every day I am learning about new textile related
information
Q3. Is it a partnership?
No, I manage it all by myself.
Q4. Did u know what natural dyes are?
I had always heard about it but never had the chance to learn a lot about it
Q5. Since earlier on email I spoke to you that I wanted to interview you regarding natural
dyes for my dissertation, would you want me to share my word document on your email.
Shahid-49
Yes Please I would love to go through the text.
At the end she thanked in good words,
natural dyes, since it had been more than a month I was trying to get hold of a middle person
who could help me get through these mud resist craftsperson, you are more of a blessing in
Shahid-50
INTERVIEW 6
Designer at Basanti
Anum Khalid
Interviwed on call
Interviwed on 1 st june
Q1. Being a textile graduate do you know what natural dyes are?
Yes, I do
Q2 do u think there is market for natural dyes?
She explained,
her warehouse, it was meant to help them improve their skills, she did so by inviting skilled
After our conversation ended she added that she has had designs where she has used
naturally dyed fabric and has also used ajrak directly (naturally died chaddar, a tradition of
Sindh) for making waist coats for women, and now was wanting to do a small workhop for
these natural dyers to give them exposure by introducing them to a p latform where she would
invite various designers. These designers will then get in direct contact and help the natural
She then asked me if would want to be part of the project.
Q3. Have you used naturally dyed fabric?
Yes my entire thesis was on naturally dyes pigment, I printed with natural dyes.
Shahid-51
BIBLIOGRAPGHY
http://www.textile.gov.pk/gop/index.php?q=aHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguNzAuMTM2L
21vdGkv
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/crafts?s=b&path=/
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/dyes-and-pigments/
Dr.Ahmed,Noor Pakistan Textile Dyeing and Finishing sector shows increased
usage of
natural dyes and colours
http://www.ptj.com.pk/Web-2010/04-10/Dr.Noor.htm (19/06/2013)
Dissertation,2009).pg25,26
Minhas,Salman
www.the-south-
asian.com, (07/2006) , http://www.the-southasian.com/jan2005/South_Asian_handlooms.htm, [19/06/2013]
www.chm.bris.ac.uk,
(2010),http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/price/azo.htm, [20/06/2013]
Hussain,T, Department of Textile Chemistry, National Textile University, Faisalabad,
Pakistan Dyeing properties of natural dyes extractedfrom
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Shahid-52
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