México - Monterrey

México - Monterrey
Aida Carolina Medina Gómez
685549
LNI
Monterrey:
Monterrey is the capital city of the northeastern Mexican
state of Nuevo León. It has the second largest metropolitan
area according to area in Mexico, after Mexico City, and is
the country's third most populous city after Mexico City and
Guadalajara.
Monterrey is located in northeast Mexico, at the foothills of
the Sierra Madre Oriental. The recorded history of
Monterrey starts in 1596, with its founding by Diego de
Montemayor.
In the years after the Mexican War of
Independence, Monterrey became an important
business center. With the establishment of
Fundidora Monterrey, the city experienced industrial
growth. Monterrey is an important industrial and
business center, serving as operation host for an
array of Mexican companies, including PEMEX,
CEMEX, Vitro, Osel Paints, OXXO, and Cervecería
Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, formerly owned by
FEMSA and bought by Heineken.Monterrey is also
home to international companies such as Carrier,
Whirlpool, Daewoo, General Electric, Gamesa, LG
and Teleperformance, among others.
Natural areas:
The mountains surrounding Monterrey contain many
canyons, trails and roads that cross deserts and
forests. Suitable trails are available to the general
public. The Sierra Madre Oriental mountains south of
the city are included in the "Parque Nacional Cumbres
de Monterrey" (National Park), which was added to
UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program of
Biosphere Reserves in 2006. Cumbres de Monterrey
includes:
Parque
Ecológico
Chipinque,
which
contains
forested
areas (oak and oakpine mainly).
La Estanzuela state
park, about 7 km (4 mi)
south of Monterrey, a
river and forested area.
La Huasteca, west of the city, in the
municipality of Santa Catarina.
El Potrero Chico Climbing Area, north
east of the city, in the municipality
of Hidalgo.
Climate:
Monterrey is known for its hot weather in summer reaching
35 °C (95 °F) or more for three consecutive months, being one
of the warmest major cities in Mexico.
Monterrey has a semi-arid climate. Its weather, is temperate in
spring and autumn, is extremely hot in the summer, it can reach
35 °C (95 °F) and overnight lows of 23 °C (73 °F) and
sometimes it can reach 25 °C (77 °F); the average high reaches
35 °C (95 °F) in August, with an average low of 23 °C (73 °F).
Winters are mild. The average January high is 16 °C (61 °F) and
the average low in January is 7 °C (45 °F); however,
temperatures below freezing are rare. Rainfall is scarce, but
more prominent during May through September. Monterrey is
very extreme in weather change, sometimes reaching 25 °C
(77 °F) in January and February, the coldest period, this is seen
frequently. Most extreme weather change occurs with rainfall in
summer, which changes extreme heat to cooler temperatures,
and the absence of northern winds in winter, sometimes causing
Demographics
The city has grown from a population of 7,000 in 1798
to 1,133,814 in 2005, of which 559,877 were men, and
573,837 were women. According to the national INEGI
population census, of the total population of the state
of Nuevo León, 27% lived in the municipality of
Monterrey.[
The Monterrey metropolitan area is the third most
populous city in Mexico with more than 3.7 million. It is
composed of the adjoined municipalities of Apodaca,
Escobedo, García, Guadalupe, Juárez, San Nicolás de
los Garza, San Pedro Garza García, and Santa
Catarina.
Economy:
Monterrey is a major industrial center in northern
Mexico, producing a GDP of 78.5 billion US dollars
(2006). The city's GDP per capita in 2010 was $607,042
Mexican pesos or $46,634 US dollars. The city was rated
by Fortune magazine in 1999 as the best city in Latin
America for business and is currently ranked third best by
the América Economía magazine.
Because of its strong steel industry, it is often called "the
Pittsburgh of Mexico". The city has prominent positions in
sectors such as steel, cement, glass, auto parts, and
brewing. In 1999 Fortune magazine recognized
Monterrey as the best city in Latin America in which to do
business. The magazine attributes its economic wealth in
part to its proximity with the United States-Mexican
border and mentions Monterrey as a significant city with
Industrialization was accelerated in the mid 19th century
by the Compañia Fundidora de Fierro y Acero Monterrey
a steel-processing company. Today Monterrey is home to
transnational conglomerates such as CEMEX (the
world's third largest cement company), FEMSA (CocaCola Latin America), Alfa (petrochemicals, food,
telecommunications and auto parts), Axtel, Vitro (glass),
Selther (leading mattress and rest systems firm in Latin
America), Gruma (food), and Banorte (financial
services). The FEMSA corporation owned a large
brewery, the Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma that
produces the brands Sol, Tecate, Indio, Dos Equis and
Carta Blanca among others, in the beginning of the year
Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery was sold to Dutchbased company Heineken . By the end of the same year,
there were more than 13,000 manufacturing companies,
55,000 retail stores, and more than 52,000 service firms
in Monterrey. The metals sector, dominated by iron and
Monterrey was ranked 94th worldwide and fifth in Latin
America in terms of Quality of Life according to Mercer
Human Resource Consulting (2006),and was ranked
second in 2005 and fourth in 2006, according to America
Economía.
Some of the shopping malls in the city include Paseo
San Pedro, Plaza Fiesta San Agustín, Galerías
Monterrey, and Galerías Valle Oriente, which distribute
goods and services to the Mexican population.
Education:
Monterrey has an estimated 3.7% rate of illiteracy. In
2005, from an estimated 983,359 inhabitants above 6
years of age, 36,689 were illiterates.
In 2005, the city had 72 public libraries, with 298,207
books available, serving an estimated 478,047
readers.
Monterrey is also the headquarters of the Instituto
Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
(Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies,
ITESM or "Tec de Monterrey").