Fiat 2800 State Phaeton

ROBERTO GIORDANELLI DRIVES
A CAR THAT ONCE BELONGED
TO HIS FATHER’S EMPLOYER
indow shopping at Coys of Kensington should be on the list of things to do
in London. Today, Auto Italia’s task is to slide open one of said windows and
take a fabulous Fiat on a jaunt around Hyde Park. Not any old Fiat but the
1938 ex-Mussolini/General Franco car or, to give it its full title: a 1938 Fiat
2800 Dual Cowl State Phaeton by Viotti of Turin.
A Fiat version of a luxury car was not out of place in 1938. You would be forgiven for
thinking that Fiat was out of its league in rubbing shoulders with Rolls-Royce, but transport
for the masses was by no means the only thing on Fiat’s agenda. Italy was not going to see
its leaders in foreign limos, so it built its own. These Fiats were used by the likes of King
Vittorio Emanuele II, Pope Pious XII, Benito Mussolini’s mistress Claretta Petacci and
Italian film director Roberto Rossellini. This particular car was given by Benito Mussolini to
General Franco of Spain. An Italian friend of mine commented, “Trust Mussolini to give
Franco a secondhand car”. Franco, who preferred Rolls-Royces, subsequently gave the car
to a Spanish Marquis. It then had a number of Spanish owners until a French journalist
from Toulouse bought the car in Spain and brought it back to a farm his family owned in
the Pyrenees near the French/Spanish boarder. It changed hands once again to its current
owner who had the car restored by one of France’s finest restoration companies.
When looking at this large car, you should keep in mind the date – 1938. Its smooth curvy
lines are more like those of an early 1950s car than a pre-War one. Fiat was well aware of
developments in aerodynamics. You really need a human being in the picture to fully
appreciate its size. Unfortunately for the chauffeur, space is biased for the rear seat
occupants whose important feet could never reach the front seats even at full stretch.
The paint is almost black, imparting a quality that full black cannot. Chrome is there but
not ostentatiously so. Its high waistline suggests solidity, while inside there is wood and
leather; not to Rolls-Royce standard but just enough to elevate the car. The hood, when
folded open, is partially on show as it was on cars of the period. No doubt it would offer
some protection against turbulence. The windscreen that separates the bigwigs from the
humble driver is controlled by the VIPs. It winds down flush into the front seat with the
pillars automatically folding flush. Very neat.
The big Fiat is constructed on a conventional chassis with the four doors hinged on the
central B-post. They close easily with a smooth mechanical kerclunk. The 2800 series
W
Fiat 2800 State Phaeton
Mussolini’s Gift
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Story by
Roberto Giordanelli
Photography by
Michael Ward
Fiat 2800 State Phaeton
BENITO MUSSOLINI
chassis were also fitted with bodies by Pininfarina, Bertone,
Boneschi and others including military versions. A plan to
make four-wheel drive versions never left the drawing
board. Between 1938 and 1944 Fiat made 621 2800s, with
just 12 examples of the version we are driving today.
Useful running boards are there for armed guards. You
don’t hear much about running boards these days but they
were considered essential as they survived from the birth of
the motor car up until the early 1950s. The Fiat’s dash is
simple, with a big clock, so that it could be read from the
rear seats. There is also a large 160km/h speedo and only a
couple of smaller instruments for fuel and oil pressure.
Gears are four-on-the-floor with a long handbrake lever next
to it. The front suspension is sophisticated for the period,
being independent with a live axle at the rear. The
headlamps still have their yellow bulbs – a legacy from its
French period. Meanwhile at the rear the old-fashioned taillights are one of the few giveaways that this is a pre-War
car. Under the bonnet, everything is simple and accessible
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Engine:
Bore x stroke:
Compression ratio:
Ignition and fuel:
Power:
Transmission:
Brakes:
Wheels:
Tyres:
Kerb weight:
0-50mph:
Top speed:
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2582cc, ohv, straight-six
82mm x 90mm
5.8:1
Marelli coil ign, Solex single-choke carb
85bhp @ 4000rpm
4-speed manual, rear-wheel drive
Drums all round
17in steel wheels
600-650x17 Firestone Whitewalls
1360kg (est)
25sec (est)
81mph (130km/h)
ABOVE: ghghghhg
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LEFT:hgh ghghhghg
hghghg ghghhghg ghgh
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with hot air escaping through the chrome side grilles. The
Fiat chassis plate denotes: Motore 000570, Chassis 00299.
The straight-six motor was also advanced for the period in
that it has an aluminium head, overhead valves, alloy side
plate and timing cover. Its maximum speed is 4000rpm and it
runs very quietly. As the car had not been started for a few
days, it was necessary to open the bonnet and prime the
mechanical fuel pump via a lever. The car started, and
He made the trains run on time – not an easy
thing to do in pre-War Italy. Born in 1883,
Benito Mussolini fought his way up the ranks
in WW1. He was opportunistic when, in
1922, he famously marched on Rome. Well,
three scruffy columns of poorly armed young
men did, while Mussolini waited back in
Milan just in case… On their arrival, the
frightened Government had melted away.
Fearing a civil war, King Victor Emmanuel III
declared Mussolini as Prime Minister; the
youngest ever at 39 years of age. Mussolini
saw European countries plundering large
parts of the undeveloped world. And now
Hitler was marching all over Europe.
Mussolini joined in the free-for-all to try to
rekindle the Roman Empire. He colonised
much of Africa. The League of Nations
rebuked Italy for behaving above its station.
This left Italy isolated, although Mussolini
supported General Franco in defeating the
Communists in the Spanish Civil War. In early
1939, with Germany blitzkrieging its way
across Europe, it was unclear whether the UK
would enter the fray. Mussolini was (a)
worried that Italy would be next on Hitler’s
list, and (b) thought that if he sided with
Germany, he could shift the French border in
his favour. Nice, Monte Carlo, Corsica and
parts of Provence were once Italian anyway.
With an eye for the moment he united with
the winning side – Germany; finally honouring
his 1936 pact with Hitler. Having an eye for
the moment is not as good as long-term vision,
however. With the UK declaring war in
September 1939, the firepower of the USA
(1941), countless other countries joining the
Allies, and the cold of the Russian front, Hitler
was to become over-stretched. Italian military
equipment was outdated, inadequate and in
very short supply. The Italians had no reason
to be at war, so after three years (in 1943)
Italy changed sides and was winning again.
Mussolini was in big trouble and was
temporarily rescued by the Germans and
hidden in a north Italian hideout. But in 1945,
Italian partisans found him and shot him and
his mistress Claretta. His body was hung up in
a petrol station. Italy failed to rekindle the
Roman Empire but the trains still run on time.
Mussolini Footnote: My Downfall in His Part
As my parents were in the Italian military, the Editor commanded that I drive Mussolini’s
car. My father was captured in 1943 after the battles of Tobruk (1941) and El Alamein
(1942) and brought to the UK ‘in chains’ (his words). He declined to drive the car of his
commanding officer as, at 86 years of age, his licence has expired. My mother was a
‘black-shirt’ in pre-War Italy and, during WW2, ran a safe-house for displaced Italians in
London. My grandfather was a colonel in WW1 fighting the Austrians, which makes me
the first generation of Giordanellis for 100 years not to kill anyone.
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Fiat 2800 State Phaeton
GENERAL FRANCO OF SPAIN
Born in 1892
1927 Promoted to General after leading attacks against
Moroccan Nationalists
1930s The economic depression hits Spain hard
1936 General Franco becomes Chief of Staff for the military
and Head of State. He was recognised as such by right-wing
governments in Germany and Italy; and by the French, the
British and the Americans in 1939
1936-1939 Spanish Civil War. Left wing and right wing go
to war. Almost half a million people lost their lives
1940 Franco declines Hitler’s offer to join the ‘Axis’ and
remains neutral
1947 Spanish law passed so that General Franco remains
Head of State for life
1975 Franco dies aged 83 and Prince Juan Carlos becomes
Head of State
after a while settled down and idled well. At 5ft 10in (1.78m),
I would make a poor chauffeur: I was far too close to the
controls. I suspect that the ignition timing needs attention as
the quiet straight-six felt down on power. Cornering is typical
for the period; probably better. The unassisted steering feels
light and positive with 3.5 turns. The ride is comfortable with
the well-sprung seats and long wheelbase adding to the ride
quality. The drum brakes have some imbalance, with the
front-left doing most of the work. But let’s not get carried
ABOVE: ghghghhg
ghghghg ghghgh ghghghg
ghghghhghghhg ghghghg
LEFT:hgh ghghhghg
hghghg ghghhghg ghgh
ghgh hghghhghg hghghg
away with trivial adjustments. This car is an important piece
of history; the fact that it moves under its own power is
almost irrelevant. With the hood down the Fiat allows its
occupants to be seen, while in closed mode it still looks good
and offers luxury and privacy. Concerned that exhaust backfiring might bring on a hail of bullets from Knightsbridge
Barracks, I made my escape towards Kensington Palace. If Il
Duce could see me now… I expect he and Claretta would
have quite liked a ride in the Park.
Coys of Kensington
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