User`s guide

USER’S GUIDE
What follows is a brief guide for non-expert users.
First install the program from the CD-ROM. To start the programme
just click on the icon of the manuscript which will appear on the left
handside of the first screen.
You should now
get a screen as
shown on the right.
Words in white
link to internet websites containing databases through which
you can search in
individual textual traditions.
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If you click Galego-Portoghese (in orange) you get the following
screen:
On the bottom
of the screen
you find the
buttons that will
link you to the
TROBADORES
project website
where you can
find more information about
the database.
If you click the icon you enter the search screen.
The software offers three main search options: Ricerca rapida
(Quick search), Ricerca avanzata (Advanced search) and
Rappresentazione grafica (Graphic display). The quick search is
shown by default. From this screen, you can select the other two
options.
1.
Quick search
It allows to search in three different corpora: forms (list of terms
from the cantigas ordered alphabetically), rhymes (list of rhymes present in the corpus) and rhyming words (words appearing in rhyming
position in the cantigas) as shown in the next page.
The screen is divided into three sections:
a. On the left handside you find a box with search options by forms:
Forme (forms) Rime (rhymes) and Rimanti (rhyming words),
arranged alphabetically.
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119
b. At the centre of the screen there is the search field, where you can
write, or drag from the box on the left what you want to search for
in the corpus and choose its relative position within the verse:
----#
-#-##
free position
end position
internal position
internal and end position.
In each of those searches in this database you can use the wildcard
“@” (either once or more) to substitute a text chain.
c. On the right handside there is the filter box, where you can find
fields to limit your search:
– REP field (repertory): it allows to specify your search by author,
introducing the RM’s first number followed by “@” (for instance
70@ for JGarGlh, Johan Garcia de Guilhade), as well as by cantiga
(for instance 70,2).
– GENERE field (genre): it allows to limit your search according to
metrical genre, and collects information about the genre, subgenre
and other possible categories of the cantigas.
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The following list contains all the metrical genres included in
TROBADORES: there are, however, cantigas which, although they belong
to a genre, are also related to a sub-genre (e. g., amor escondit), as
well as cantigas which deal with themes relating to amor, amigo or
escarnio and maldicir, but could nevertheless be ascribed to a specific
genre, such as, for example, amigo / balada.
One has to take into account that the options amigo, amor and
escarnio will only identify poems which are not ascribed to a subgenre or generic modality (which means that under the “amigo” label
the poems labeled as amigo / balada or amigo / escondit will not be
shown).
Finally, in those cases where genre identification is doubtful or not
clear, a question mark “?” will appear.
amigo
amigo / balada
amigo / cantiga de romaría
amigo / cantiga de tear
amigo / escondit
amigo / malmaridada
amigo / mariña
amigo / pastorela
amor
amor / balada
amor / escondit
amor / malmonxada
amor / mariña
amor / pastorela
amor / pastorela?
amor / tensó
amor?
–
canción de amor
cantiga encomiástica
cantiga moral
cobras xocosas
descordo
escarnio
escarnio / balada
escarnio de amigo
escarnio de amor
escarnio de amor / cantiga epigramática
escarnio literario
escarnio literario / tensó
escarnio moral
escarnio persoal
escarnio persoal / balada
escarnio persoal / canti-
ga epigramática
escarnio político
escarnio político-moral
escarnio social
lai
lauda mariana
NA (not applicable)
partimen
pranto
pregunta
tensó
tensó / escarnio literario
tensó / escarnio persoal
tensó / escarnio político
tensó / escarnio social
TUTTI (will search all
genres)
ORDINE field (order): allows to order the results in two ways. The
first field indicates the ordering criteria, with the following options:
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121
a. Forme (forms) in alphabetical order.
b. Rep (repertoire) follows the order by troubadour or by cantiga as
it appears in RM.
c. Frequenza (frequency of use).
d. Genere (genre).
e. Cronologia (chronology). It refers to the period of activity of the
author. We have established five main periods, following the criteria
established by Antonio Resende de Oliveira in his book O trovador
galego-português e o seu mundo (Lisboa, Editorial Notícias, 2001):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1170-1220
1220-1240
1240-1300
1300-1350
1440-1480 (conventional chronology for later insertions)
An., for all anonymous texts.
f. Rima (rhyme).
g. Rimante (rhyming words) in alphabetical order.
The second field allows to choose whether to visualize data in
ascending or descending order.
At the bottom right of the screen, you will find five buttons which
allow you to choose the following functions:
Click to access the Advanced search screen.
Click to access the Graphic display screen.
Click to start your search.
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Click to go back to the previous screen or to advance to
the next.
If you want to look for a cantiga de amor which has the terms senhor or poder in rhyming position, and see the results arranged in
chronological order, you should make the following operations:
! select in the left handside of the screen the rimanti (rhyming
words);
! choose from the list senhor and poder and drag them to the search
fields (the system will automatically determine their position in the
verse);
! select in the GENERE field amor;
! in the ORDINE field, choose the options Cronologia and Ascendente;
! click the search button.
The system allows for single searches (Nuova
ricerca, new search) or integrated searches
(Amplia la ricerca, widen the search), as illustrated in the figure. If you use the former, the system
will only consider the data introduced once, otherwise it will also
include results from previous searches.
2.
Advanced search
To access the advanced search screen we have to click the CObutton bottom right of the screen.
This screen allows you to search in the preselected corpus the cooccurrences of two or three forms in the same verse or the same stanza. You may want to verify the degree of lexical proximity specific to
a given form before launching the search (see the next page).
OCCORRENZE
The screen is again divided into three sections:
a. On the left handside, you will find the list of the forms of the
Galician-Portuguese lyrical corpus.
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b. At the centre the two search fields (1. Co-occurrence and 2. Lexical
proximity).
1. The top table allows for co-occurrence searches, that is, it allows
to choose among two or three forms that occur in the same
verse or the same stanza. To specify your search, you can use
the following filters:
! You can establish the term’s position within the verse:
- - - free position
- - # end position
- # - internal position
- # # internal and end position.
! The second filter, located at the top
of the screen, allows to restrict the
co-occurrence search to a single
verse or a single stanza.
! The third filter is located right next to the search fields
and allows to limit the distance of the two terms
inside the same verse, to the left (sinistra, top line) or
to the right (destra, bottom line).
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For instance, if you want to search for the terms coita and senhor separated by no more than two words to their right or left,
you should write the number “3” in both white spaces shown on
the left.
2. The lexical proximity field, located at the bottom of the screen,
allows you to obtain a list, ordered by frequency, of all the
forms that are associated with a specific form in the corpus (this
form will appear on the small field on the left handside) inside
the same verse. The result will be displayed on several
columns, as it appears in the following example:
0011
Order number in the result list.
10
Proximity order (in this case it’s the tenth most frequent term).
68
Number of co-occurrences within the corpus.
coita
Co-occurrent form.
c. On the right handside you will find the same filter options for single searches that appear in the quick search screen. Here there is
also the possibility to search a stanza of a given poem through the
STR field.
On the bottom right handside you will find the
which allows to go back to the quick search screen.
FORME
button,
One may, for example, want to retrieve the co-occurrent forms of
the term senhor in Galician-Portuguese lyric. In order to do so, you
should introduce the word in the lexical proximity field and press the
ELABORA button. The software will return the co-occurrence list (in this
case 2045 terms). If you want to search within the list for a specific
term, for instance amor, you should type it in the SELEZIONA field, at
the bottom of the list, and the system will return the results line, as
shown in the following picture:
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125
In 12 cases both terms appear
in the same verse. To limit the
search further, you can restrict
the co-occurrence using the
maximum distance between the
terms, as in the following
example:
3.
Results
The results both of quick
and advanced search are
displayed on similar screens.
After clicking the search button, you will see the following result:
Results are displayed through a complete list, including all the ref-
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erences, which can be printed or exported as a text file using the following buttons located at the bottom of the screen:
Click to export data as text.
Click to print data.
Click to go back to the previous screen or advance to the
next one.
Click to reorder the series of rhyming words from alphabetical order (default) to a cantiga number (only available for rhyming word searches).
Click to change KWIC / KWOC modality (available only
for quick search mode).
The KWIC (Keyword in context) and KWOC (Keyword out of context) modes are two different ways to graphically present the same
information. The results are given by default in KWOC form. This
means that the result list displayed on screen will not highlight the relevant term inside the text, as in the following example:
By pressing the KWIC button, the database will arrange the result list
highlighting the relevant term at the center of the screen, offering at the
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127
same time the context in which it is inserted to the left and to the right,
as you can see in the following picture:
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Trobadores
As well as a numerically ordered list, you can also obtain a list
arranged alphabetically starting from the word following the term
searched for by clicking on ORDINAMENTO, as can be seen in the second figure of the previous page.
By clicking any of the parameters which appear in each result line,
you will obtain more detailed information, as shown below:
! Contesto (context): indicates the verse in which the relevant term
appears.
! Autore (author): identifies the name of the poet in abbreviated
form.
! Cronologia (chronology) identifies the time span to which the
poems must be ascribed
! Rep (repertoire): indicates the cantiga’s number according to the
system established in MedDB 2.0.
! Edizione (edition): indicates the critical edition from which the text
was drawn.
! Occorrenze (occurrences): displayed only in the quick search
results screen, it registers the total number of occurrences of the
term in the corpus.
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! Verso (verse): identifies the verse within the cantiga containing the
relevant word.
! Strofe (stanza): the number of the stanza, in roman numerals, in
which the relevant term is located.
! Metrica (metrics): information about the poem’s metrics, separated
by “/” relating to the metrical structure of the cantiga as follows:
a. Rhyming and metrical pattern: first of all the database records the
rhyming scheme, i. e. the pattern according to which rhymes appear
in the text. Verses are indicated by small letters, whilst the refrain is
in capitals (abab, abbaa, abbcAA, ccc, etc.). Each metrical pattern is
numbered according to Tavani in RM updated by MedDB 2.0.
b.
(forms of interstrophic relations): this section indicates the relationship between the stanzas in each cantiga according to the
rhyming patterns adopted. The resulting categories are defined
according to the following abbreviations:
FRI
– Cobras singulares (= c. sing.): stanzas maintaining the same
rhyming scheme, but different rhymes throughout the poem
(6,5; 94,6); sometimes also the scheme may vary (14,9).
– Cobras unisonantes (= c. uniss.): stanzas which repeat the
very same rhymes in identical distribution throughout the poem
(8,2; 8,5).
– Cobras doblas (= c. doblas): stanzas which repeat the same
rhymes in an identical distribution every two stanzas (9,14;
78,8). Sometimes, this scheme can also be found in poems with
an odd number of stanzas (13,1; 22,4).
– Cobras alternas (= c. alt.): stanzas which repeat a group of
rhymes in an identical distribution in even stanzas and a different one in odd stanzas (22,5; 83,4).
– Cobras ternas (= c. ternas): stanzas which repeat the same
rhymes in identical distribution every three stanzas (47,23).
–
NA:
cantigas where the FRI classification cannot be applied.
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c. Cantiga type: it indicates if the poem is a cantiga de refrán (REFR),
or cantiga de mestría (MEST). It also contemplates the possibility
that there is an intercalary refrain (RINT) if some or all of the
retrouso are inserted in the stanza’s main body. If the poem does
not display any of the options above (for instance, it is a monostrophic text), we use the NA abbreviation (not applicable).
d. The presence or absence of the fiinda, a final stanza composed by
up to four verses that usually follows the same rhyming scheme as
the stanza which precedes it whether it is the refrain in the cantigas de refrán, or the last stanza in the cantigas de mestría.
! Manoscritti (manuscripts): Here the database gives the position
occupied by each poem in the manuscript. It is represented by
the letter identifying the manuscript (A, B, V, D, N, M, P, L), followed by the Arabic numeral corresponding to the poem (B601,
V409, etc.).
4.
Graphic display
The graphic section appears when you click GRAFICI, and it allows
to visualize up to three forms, rhymes or graphical segments which
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131
can also co-occurr), according to co-occurrence, and to frequence
(absolute and/or relative). The screen is divided into three sections
(see figure on the previous page):
a. on the left handside of the screen you find the list of forms in the
corpus (FORME), as above with the options already present previously, and a selection of the terms according to their position
within the verse and co-occurrences in verse and stanza;
b. on the top of the screen you find the following filter options:
The GRAFICI field (graphics) allows you to limit a search according to
different parameters: chronology (you can either use the five periods as
classified in Quick Search under e., or a given time span), the poetic
genres and subgenres, or the authorship of the text.
On the right handside you find filters that limit the search according to the search criteria selected previously (OCCORRENZE). One can
limit it further by using the “Absolute frequency” option (F. ASS), that
gives the percentage value of the relevant term in relation to the total
number of forms, or “Relative frequency” (F. REL.), which indicates in
percentage the occurrence of the form in the previously selected categories (chronological periods, genres or authors).
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Trobadores
c. At the centre of the screen you find the AUTORI (authors) field, that
allows you to select up to 20 names (dragging them from the available list to the empty spaces located below), so as to limit the
search to the work of given authors.
After hitting the search button, results will be displayed as in the
figure on the previous page, which shows the occurrence of the
forms de, amor and coita, ordered chronologically.
The software allows to choose from a drop-down menu the TIPO DI
GRAFICO (graphic representation style), with the following options:
Area (area), Colonne (columns), Linee (lines), Punti (dots), 3D Area
(3D area), 3D Colonne (3D columns) and 3D Linee (3D lines)
The following example illustrates the distribution of the sequence
“de amor” through the use of the CRONOLOGIA (chronology) and FREQUENZA RELATIVA (relative frequency) options in 3D columns:
Conditions of Use and Information
This CD is intended both for Macintosh and PC users. It contains a
direct web link leading to the main databases of the European lyric
available on the Internet.
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133
Installation
a. Hit the INSTALLA icon on the CD.
b. Follow the instructions available on screen.
c. Hit the TROBADORES icon created at the “TROBADORES” group in your
computer’s start menu.
Minimal configuration
a. MAC PowerPC G3 – 9.2 operating system – 512 MB RAM – Video
resolution 800X600 – CD-ROM reader;
PC Intel Pentium IV 1000 MHz – Windows XP operating system –
512 MB RAM – Video resolution 800X600 – CD-ROM reader;
b. 400 Mb free disk space.
N. B. Please note that a more advanced configuration allows for a
more efficient use of the programme, particularly if searches using
wildcards are involved.
For technical assistance please contact:
infotrobadors @eniware.it, [email protected].