Science Vocabulary

Transcription

Science Vocabulary

Organisms:
all living things
© FORDE-FERRIER EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Chlorophyll:
a green substance in plant leaves that
captures energy from the sun
Carbon Dioxide:
a gas in the atmosphere that plants
use during the process of
photosynthesis
Oxygen is
released
Carbon Dioxide
is taken in by
plant
Plant
Stomata:
tiny holes in the leaves of a plant that
allow gases to enter or leave the plant
Photosynthesis:
the process in which plants use energy
from the sun to make their own food
Sunlight
Oxygen is
released
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Producer:
an organism that makes its own food
Traits:
characteristics of an organism
SPOTS
Inherited Traits:
characteristics passed down from
parents to offspring
HAIR COLOR
SKIN COLOR
EYE COLOR
Offspring:
children
Adapt:
change
Perish:
die
Adaptation:
a change an organism undergoes in
order to survive
FEET ARE WEBBED
Reproduce:
to make more of the same kind of
organism as the adult
Instinctive Behaviors:
behaviors that are inherited
HIBERNATION
Learned Behaviors:
behaviors that are learned
Habitat:
the specific environment where an
organism lives
Species:
a group of organisms that produce
offspring like themselves
Population:
all the organisms of the same species
that live in the same area at the same
time
Community:
populations of different species that
live in the same area at the same time
Ecosystem:
all the populations of organisms and the nonliving things
in an environment, and the interaction among them
Biome:
one of the six major land areas of the world that is
home to specific plant and animal populations and is
defined by its climate
EXAMPLES: TUNDRA, TAIGA, DECIDUOUS
FORREST, GRASSLAND, DESSERT, TROPICAL
RAINFORREST
Life Cycle:
the stages of development of an organism as it grows
into an adult
Thrive:
to grow in a strong and healthy way
Pollution:
anything in the environment that can
harm living organisms or damage the
natural resources
Unique Niche:
an organism’s role in an ecosystem based on how it
gets its food
Consumers:
animals that eat other organisms
Primary
Secondary
Herbivores:
animals that eat only plants
Carnivores:
animals that eat only other animals
Omnivores:
animals that eat both plants and
animals
Predators:
animals that hunt other animals for
food
Prey:
animals that are hunted by predators
Decomposers:
organisms that feed on dead plants
and animals, as well as animal wastes
WORMS
MUSHROOMS
Food Chain:
the path of energy from the sun to a
plant to an animal to another animal
Food Web:
a group of overlapping food chains
Sun
Plant
Sheep
Wolf
Fox
Rabbit
Weathering:
the breaking down of rock
on the surface of the Earth
usually by the force of
water, wind, or ice
Erosion:
the movement of weathered particles
by water, wind, or ice
Deposition:
the process in which materials that
have been eroded are dropped in a
new place by wind or water
Landform:
a natural structure found on the
surface of the Earth
Glacier:
a huge piece of ice that slowly moves
across the surface of the Earth and
remains frozen during the entire year
Fault:
A crack in the Earth’s crust
Earthquake:
the shaking of the Earth’s crust caused by large pieces
of rock underneath the Earth’s surface moving against
each other
Volcano:
a mountain made from hardened lava,
rocks, and ash that erupted out from
underneath the Earth’s surface
Magma:
melted rock below the Earth’s surface
Lava:
magma that has flowed out onto the
surface of the Earth
Lithosphere:
the rocky surface of the Earth
Atmosphere:
the pocket of air that surrounds the
Earth
Hydrosphere:
all the water on the surface of the
Earth and underground, including ice
and water vapor
Axis:
an imaginary line running from the
North Pole to the South Pole through
the center of the Earth
Rotation:
the spinning of a planet or moon on its
axis
Orbit:
the path one object takes around
another object in space
Tide:
the rise and fall of the water level of
the ocean near the shore that is
caused by the pull of gravity of the
moon
Source:
the place where something begins or
comes from
Sunspot:
a cool spot on the sun’s surface that
occurs for a short time
Solar Flare:
an eruption of flame off of the sun’s
surface
Corona:
the outer edge of the sun’s
atmosphere
Solar Energy:
energy from the sun
Wind:
moving air caused by the sun
Natural Resources:
materials in the environment that are
useful to people
Fuels:
material burned to produce heat
energy
Nonrenewable Resources:
natural resources such as fossil fuels
that will eventually be used up and can
never be replaced
Renewable Resources:
natural resources that nature can
produce again such as trees, plants,
water, oxygen, and soil
Inexhaustible Resources:
resources that humans can use and
never use up such as solar energy and
wind
Water Cycle:
the change of water from one state to another as it
travels from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and
back
condensation
precipitation
evaporation
Lake
Evaporation:
the process of changing from a liquid
to a gas, usually caused by energy
from the sun
Gas
Liquid
Condensation:
The process of changing from a gas to
a liquid, such as water vapor changing
into water
Precipitation:
Water falling to the surface of the
Earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet,
or snow
Transpiration:
the process of water vapor leaving a
plant and entering the atmosphere
Soil
a material made up of tiny pieces of
weathered rock
Humus:
decaying plant and animal material in
the soil
Loam:
soil rich in nutrients that is good for
plant growth
Nitrogen Cycle:
the movement of nitrogen between
organisms and the environment
Decomposers:
organisms that break down dead
materials and wastes
Sedimentary Rock:
rock formed when sediments are
pressed together in layers
IGNEOUS ROCK:
rock formed when lava cools
Metamorphic Rock
rock that formed when another kind
of rock was squeezed and heated deep
inside the Earth’s crust
Fossil:
the remains of a plant or animal that
lived long ago
Comet:
a ball of ice and dirt that orbits the sun
Meteor:
a small rock that burns as it enters
Earth’s atmosphere
Asteroid:
a large rock in outer space
Galaxy:
a group of stars
Constellation:
a group of stars that ancient people
thought formed a picture in the sky
Astronomer:
a scientist who studies bodies in outer
space
Climate:
the usual weather in a place
Air Pressure:
the weight of the air pressing on
everything in the environment
Barometer:
a device that measures air pressure
Precipitation:
water falling to the Earth
Humidity:
water vapor in the air
Nimbus Clouds:
rain clouds
Front:
the place where one air mass meets
another air mass
Air Mass:
a large pocket of air
Matter:
anything that has mass and takes up
space
Mass:
the amount of matter an object has
Weight:
the measure of the amount of gravity
acting on an object’s mass
Volume:
the amount of space taken up by
matter
Density:
the amount of mass an object has in a
known volume
Example: Objects with more density than water
will sink. ROCK
Objects with less density than water
will float. POPSICLE STICK
State:
one of the three main forms of
matter
Solid:
a state of matter that has a fixed
shape and volume
Liquid:
a state of matter that has a fixed
volume, but its shape changes to
match the shape of its container
Gas:
a state of matter that does not have
a fixed shape or volume
Physical Change:
a change in the appearance of matter
without actually changing the matter
itself
Snowman changes from ice to water.
Physical Property:
a characteristic of matter that can be
observed or measured and can be
changed without changing the matter
itself
Example: Hammering a penny until it was very flat. The penny
looks different, but it is still made up of the same type of matter
Property:
a characteristic used to describe
matter
Example: The color of a plant.
The texture of a
certain type of soil. The boiling point of a certain
liquid.
Texture:
how a substance feels or looks
Example: Sandpaper has a rough
texture.
Glass has a smooth texture.
Odor:
how a substance smells
Conductor:
a substance that allows electricity to
easily travel through it
Metal wires
Insulator:
a substance that does not let
electricity pass through it easily
Rubber Gloves
Magnetic:
a description of substances attracted
to magnetic force
Boiling Point:
the temperature at which a substance
changes from a liquid to a gas
WATER BOILING
POINT IS 100°
CELCIUS
Melting Point:
the temperature at which a substance
changes from a solid to a liquid
ICE MELTING
POINT IS 0° CELCIUS
Mixture:
a combination of two or more
substances that do not join together
to form a new substance
Solution:
a mixture in which the substances are
spread out evenly between one
another and cannot be told apart
WATER
SALT
AND
WHEN MIXED
TOGETHER
BECOMES A
SOLUTION
Dissolve:
to form a solution with another
substance
Invisible:
cannot be seen
Force:
a push or pull
Motion:
movement
Friction:
a force that works against motion
BETWEEN THE TIRE
AND THE ROAD THERE
IS FRICTION
Gravity:
the force that pulls objects toward
one another
GRAVITY FORCES
RAIN TO THE
EARTH’S SURFACE
Inertia:
the tendency of an object to resist a
change in motion
EXAMPLE: A BALL WILL ROLL STRAIGHT
UNTIL SOMETHING STOPS IT OR CHANGES ITS
DIRECTION
Light:
a form of energy that travels in waves
and can move through empty space
Reflection:
the bouncing back of light waves off
of a surface
Refraction:
the bending of light waves as they
travel from one surface to another
Convex Lens:
a lens that is thicker in the center
and thinner at the edges, a shape that
bends light inward
Concave Lens:
a lens that is thinner in the center
and thicker at the edges, a shape that
bends light outward
Sound:
a form of energy produced by
vibrating objects
Vibrate:
move back and forth rapidly
Energy:
the ability to do work
EXAMPLES: HEAT (sun), LIGHT (light
bulb), SOUND (radio), ELECTRICAL
(lightning), CHEMICAL (foods),
MECHANICAL (moving objects), and
MAGNETIC (north/south poles)
Solar Energy:
energy from the sun
Kinetic Energy:
the energy of motion
Potential Energy:
energy that is stored in an object
Electricity:
a form of energy produced inside
particles of matter
Current:
the movement (flow) of electricity in
a certain path
Source of Energy:
where the energy comes from
LIFE SCIENCE
WORDS
EARTH SCIENCE
WORDS
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE WORDS

Science Vocabulary

Transcription

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