lignin_presentation - Let`s Protect Amelia Island

Tough Choices, Tough Questions
What is the Joint Venture Between Rayonier and Gorregaard?
How will the JV affect our air quality?
How is our air quality monitored?
How does it affect our aquifer?
Will material be injected back into our aquifer?
How will our wetlands be impacted?
INFORMATION
Your City Commissioners want to hear from you!
Open House at Rayonier
Friday, February 12th, 3 pm
ASK QUESTIONS - GET ANSWERS
Proposed Location of
LignoTech Florida, LLC
X
Basic Information
Applicant for Tax
Incentives
LignoTech Florida, LLC
(private company)
Comprised of
Rayonier Advanced Materials,
Inc. 45%
Borregaard AS 55%
(Material received as the result of a public records
request.)
What are they bringing?
99% of goods or services
outside of Florida
50 full time jobs
“new to Florida”
with benefits
(A QTI Tax Refund award cannot be granted for
existing Florida jobs. P2 of 7)
Newly constructed building(s)
on previously acquired land
A process to create byproducts from
lignin?
What’s Lignin?
In nature, lignin is created by plants, and when they are processed for various industrial purposes, it
is possible to extract the lignin for an assortment of uses. Lignin is the fiber in our food, the thing that makes
vegetables crunchy and firm. It is a polymer found extensively in the cell walls of all woody plants.
What products can be made from lignin?
In sulfite pulping, lignin is removed from wood pulp as sulfonates. These lignosulfonates have
several uses:[14]
* Dispersants in high performance cement applications, water treatment formulations and
textile dyes
*Additives in specialty oil field applications and agricultural chemicals
*Raw materials for several chemicals, such as vanillin, DMSO, ethanol, xylitol sugar,
and humic acid
*Environmentally sustainable dust suppression agent for roads
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-lignin.htm
http://en.openei.org/wiki/Lignin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin#Economic_significance
Borregaard
The first investigations into commercial use of lignin were reported by Marathon
Corporation, a paper company based in Rothschild Wisconsin, starting in 1927. The first
class of products that showed promise were leather tanning agents. The lignin chemical
business of Marathon was operated for many years as Marathon Chemicals. It is now
known as LignoTech USA, Inc., and is owned by the Norwegian company Borregaard.[15]
Lignin removed via the kraft process (sulfate pulping) is usually burned for its fuel
value, providing energy to run the mill and its associated processes. Higher quality
lignin presents the potential to become the main renewable aromatic resource for the
chemical industry in the future, with an addressable market of more than $130bn.[16]
In 1998, a German company, Tecnaro, developed a process for turning lignin into a
substance, called Arboform, which behaves identically to plastic for injection molding.
Therefore, it can be used in place of plastic for several applications. When the item is
discarded, it can be burned just like wood.[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin#Economic_significance
Industry Code of LignoTech Florida, LLC?
6 Digit NAICS Code is 325194 (application)
“LignoTech Florida will fund and
build a new facility for the
advanced manufacturing of high
purity, natural lignin-based
products adjacent to Rayonier
AdvancedMaterials' Fernandina
Beach location.” pg 2 of 7 application
The NAICS Code of 325194 is listed as Cyclic Crude,
Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing
Industry Code of Rayonier Advanced Materials?
http://www.supplierrelationsus.com/reports/cyclic-crude-and-intermediate-manufacturing-industry-us
The Description:
Description
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily
engaged in one or more of the following: (1) distilling wood
or gum into products, such as tall oil and wood distillates;
(2) distilling coal tars; (3) manufacturing wood or gum
chemicals, such as naval stores, natural tanning materials,
charcoal briquettes, and charcoal (expect activated); and
(4) manufacturing cyclic crudes or cyclic intermediates (i.e.,
hydrocarbons, except aromatic petrochemicals) from
refined petroleum or natural gas.
Hydrocarbon poisoning such as that of benzene and petroleum usually occurs accidentally by
inhalation or ingestion of these cytotoxic chemical compounds.
Industry Code of Rayonier Performance Fibers, LLC?
322110 – Pulp Mill
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp from wood.
https://businessdatacodes.com/sic/code-2611-pulp-mills
https://fldep.dep.state.fl.us/air/emission/apds/default.asp
Cutting the Emissions
of 500,000 cars . . .
What do cars emit?
nitrogen (N2)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
carbon monoxide (C0)
hydrocarbons (HC)
nitrogen oxides (NOx)
soot
Are all of these pollutants
being cut by LignoTech or
just some?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas
Is this going to improve the
air quality of Rayonier
Performance Fibers?
NOx = The sum of nitric
oxide (NO) and NO2 is
commonly called
nitrogen oxides or NOx.
Rayonier Performance Fibers
2014 emissions of NOx?
2,237.956 Tons per Year
http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/nitrogenoxides/health.html
Rayonier Performance Fibers
2014 emissions of NOx?
2,237.956 Tons per Year
Why is this emission important?
NOx react with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form small particles. These small
particles penetrate deeply into sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory
disease, such as emphysema and bronchitis, and can aggravate existing heart disease, leading to
increased hospital admissions and premature death.
Ozone is formed when NOx and volatile organic compounds react in the presence of heat and
sunlight. Children, the elderly, people with lung diseases such as asthma, and people who work or
exercise outside are at risk for adverse effects from ozone. These include reduction in lung function
and increased respiratory symptoms as well as respiratory-related emergency department visits,
hospital admissions, and possibly premature deaths.
http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/nitrogenoxides/health.html
April 10, 2015 Air Permit Renewal/Extension - RockTenn talks about nonattainment area . . .
http://arm-permit2k.dep.state.fl.us/psd/0890003/U0002526.pdf
p3
Sulfite mills emit sulfur dioxide (SO2) which has a strong, choking odor.
Short-term exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide in the air can be life-threatening by causing breathing difficulties
and obstructing airways, especially for people with lung disease. Long-term exposure to persistent levels of sulfur
dioxide can cause chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and respiratory illness. It can also aggravate existing heart
disease.
When sulfur dioxide reacts with other chemicals in the air to form tiny sulfate particles, these particles can gather in
the lungs and cause increased respiratory problems and difficulty breathing. Long-term exposure to sulfate particles
can cause respiratory disease and even premature death.
Prolonged industrial exposure to sulfur dioxide may decrease fertility in men and women.
Breathing sulfur dioxide can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs, and cause coughing and shortness of breath. Shortterm exposure to sulfur dioxide can cause stomach pain, menstrual disorders, watery eyes, inhibition of thyroid
function, loss of smell, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, convulsions, and dizziness.
“The results suggest that female migraine may be affected by ambient sulphur dioxide.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22523701
“…cases of ischemic cerebrovascular accidents are associated with acute exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577602
https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/air/pulpodors.htm
http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=29
EPA Guidelines
75 ppb
per hr. =
.075 ppm
http://www3.epa.gov/ttn/http://hazmap.nlm.nih.
gov/category-details?id=25&table=copytblagents
naaqs/criteria.html
Odor
Threshold
Low
0.33 ppm
Odor
Threshold
High
5 ppm
National Institute of Health
http://hazmap.nlm.nih.
gov/categorydetails?id=25&table=co
pytblagents
SO2 emitted from
volcanos and coal
burning power plants
http://www.ivhhn.org/index.php?optio
n=com_content&view=article&id=82
http://dnr.wi.gov/cias/am/amexter
nal/AM_PermitTracking2.aspx?id=3
002246
From site description above:
“LignoTech is located in Rothschild, WI south of Business Highway 51 South, across from the Rothschild City Hall. The site is
surrounded by industrial and residential areas to the west by the Wisconsin River. A Weyerhaeuser pulp and paper mill
borders the facility to the southwest, west, and northwest. The topography of the area is primarily flat with some gradual
increases in elevation going from the river. Mosinee Hill is located directly east of the facility on the opposite side of the
Wisconsin River. The area is designated as nonattainment for sulfur dioxide and attainment/unclassified for all other
pollutants.”
Synthetic
Minor
Source
Permit?
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/49.158
http://info.era-environmental.com/blog/bid/41532/Title-V-Air-Permits-101
Fence Line Monitoring is
becoming more
widespread, especially in
communities of affluence
who insist on electronic air
monitoring.
Fence Line
Monitoring
Can Fence Line
Monitoring be
part of the Air
Permit
requirements?
Water Consumption?
Can we afford it?
How much water?
We don’t use much.
http://www.mntap.umn.edu/paper/water.html
At 17,000 gallons of water per ton, running
only one Kraft paper machine at 400 tons per
day, almost 7 million gallons are utilized per
day per machine.
http://www.papermaking-equipment.com/paper-machine/kraft-liner-board-machine/
The pulp and paper industry uses
more water to produce a ton of
product than any other industry.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper
Well Causing
A Cone of
Depression
http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/saltwater-intrusion-threatens-south-florida-s-water-supplies
Cone of Depression
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5295
During October 2002, the Durango Paper Company (formerly Gillman Paper Company)
in St. Marys, Georgia, shutdown paper-mill operations; the shutdown resulted in
decreased ground-water withdrawal in Camden County by 35.6 million gallons per day.
The decrease in withdrawal resulted in water-level rise in wells completed in the
Floridan aquifer system and the overlying surficial and Brunswick aquifer systems;
many wells in the St. Marys area flowed for the first time since the mill began
operations during 1941. Pumping at the mill resulted in the development of a cone of
depression that coalesced with a larger adjacent cone of depression at Fernandina
Beach, Florida. Since closure of the mill, the cone at St. Marys is no longer present,
although the cone still exists at Fernandina Beach, Florida.
http://savannahnow.com/news/2016-01-08/rayonier-millpermit-leaves-odor-and-staining-unresolved-altamaha
Fernandina
Aquifer
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2003/circ1262/ http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri03_4273_sepulveda.html
Saltwater intrusion of
the aquifer at Hilton
Head Island, S. C.
“This resulted in saltwater
intrusion and brackish
water contamination of
the aquifer at Hilton Head
Island, S.C.”
“The aquifer (Upper
Floridan) is a primary
source of drinking and
industrial process waer
in the region … “
http://mesl.ce.gatech.edu/
Tybee Island
Salt Intrusion
“Lower Floridan
aquifer well yield
may be low.”
Savannah
saltwater
intrusion
Saltwater
brought into
Savannah
further by
dredging . .
Elba Island
?
How much water will LignoTech Florida, LLC require?
If water supplies are low at the southern end
of Amelia Island, how much water is left?
Can industry use
brackish water?
?
?
http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-04-24/story/desalination_in_our_future_but_no_silver_bullet_for_cure
http://www.deland.org/Pages/DeLandFL_Clerk/02-06-2012/c9.pdf
http://www.dewberry.com/news/blog/post/blog/2014/10/16/drought-proof-but-pricy-alternativewater-supply-and-the-central-florida-water-initiative
Tough Choices, Tough Questions
Can we protect our air quality and our health?
Do we have an adequate fresh water supply?
Can we afford to keep both?
INFORMATION
Your City Commissioners want to hear from you!
Open House at Rayonier
Friday, February 12th, 3 pm
ASK QUESTIONS - GET ANSWERS