historical and architectural tour

Transcription

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TOUR
BY FOOT OR BICYCLE
www.ci.xenia.oh.us
BY FOOT OR BICYCLE
Project of the City of Xenia
Planning and Zoning Department
101 North Detroit St.
Xenia, Ohio 45385
www.ci.xenia.oh.us
James W. Percival
City Manager
Project Team
Project Coordinator
Nimfa Simpson, AICP
City Planner
Project Assistant
Jeffrey Ziegler
Zoning Enforcement Officer
Cartographer/Layout Designer
Andy Aidt, AICP
Historical Reference
Joan Baxter
Director of Greene County Historical Society (retired)
Information contained in this Historical Walking and Biking Tour was obtained from the following sources:
Historical and Architectural Inventory for the City of Xenia
Printed Historical Narrative of Neighborhoods
Greene County Historical Society
Greene County Geographic Information System
Visual Observation and Information Provided By Property Owners
August 2009 edition
This edition updates previously printed Historical and Architectural Brochures; the first has an undated publication; the second was published in 1995.
History
The City of Xenia, home to approximately 25,000 residents, is located in Greene County in
southwestern Ohio. It was laid out of forestland in 1803 by Joseph C. Vance and was incorporated in 1817 with 270 acres and 88 inhabitants. Xenia became a City in 1834.
Xenia celebrated its bicentennial year in 2003. From its original size of 270 acres, Xenia
has expanded to 7,776 acres or about 12.15 square miles.
A beautiful turn-of-the century stone courthouse with a dramatic clock tower marks the
government center of town at Detroit and Main Streets. Detroit Street, which divides the
east and west sections of town, was part of the historic Bullskin Trace that ran from Detroit,
Michigan to Bullskin Creek, where it empties into the Ohio River, near Ripley. Bullskin
Trace is a significant historic route traveled by such famous legends as Tecumseh and
Simon Kenton.
Xenia prospered because of the rail industry that used the center of Xenia as a main rail
transfer depot for passengers coming from different parts of the Country. The strategic
location of Xenia enabled the City to maintain a diversified economy even after the demise
of the railroad industry.
Xenia took advantage of the railroad rights-of-way by transforming them into biking and
hiking trails. Because of this, Xenia has become noted for the three regional bike trails that
now converge in Xenia Station Bicycle Hub on Miami Ave. A fourth bike trail leading to
the Village of Jamestown is underway.
In 1974 a Category F5 tornado destroyed a significant part of “Old Xenia”. The reconstruction from this tragedy gives Xenia a distinctive “new” and “old” look. Many of the old and
historic homes and buildings have been restored to their late 19th and 20th century look;
but, tragically, a significant portion of the traditional and historic downtown and residential
structures have been lost forever.
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Directions:
For the walking tour, start at the
building located at 74 West Church
Street.
If you are taking the biking tour, start
at the Xenia Station Hub located at
150 Miami Avenue where ample
parking is available. Starting points
for individual district and neighborhood tours are indicated on the maps.
Historical Sites
Typical of older and historical towns, Xenia has a collection of architecture representing various stylistic movements. The predominant styles
include a heavy concentration of High Victorian Italianate, Eastlake,
Queen Anne, Federal, and Greek Revival. In addition, a mixture of cottage residences, vernacular and eclectic structures complement the classic
architectural styles and add a variety to the panorama of the City.
Xenia is fortunate to have many of its historical neighborhoods preserved.
Tree lined streets, detailed iron fences with ornate gates, original hitching
posts, ornamental street lights and garden ornaments provide distinctive
features to these neighborhoods and make for interesting offerings of
bicycle and walking tours.
The walking and biking tours will take you to numerous historic neighborhoods, notably, Waterstreet Historic District and East Second Historic
District that are on the National Register of Historic Places, Carnegie
Historic Neighborhood, a locally designated historic district, Bullskin
Trace (South Detroit) and North End Neighborhoods that have a wide
variety of architectural styles.
Scattered throughout the City‘s landscape are individual sites that have
been determined as historical or are individually listed on the National
Register of Historic Places.
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Scattered Sites
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Scattered
Sites
1- N. Detroit St.;
Shawnee Park;
Considered one of the best
classical designed parks in
Ohio; it is the premier park
where residents go for fun
and relaxation and listen to
concerts in the park in the
summer. The origin of the
park came about when in
1925, Patrick H. Flynn gave
10 acres to the citizens of
Xenia in memory of his wife,
Elizabeth Flynn. The centerpiece of the park is the pavilion, which was first built in
1928. The money raised to
help build the pavilion was
from various public minded
citizens and Eavey Company.
Donors are listed on a plaque
on the front of the pavilion.
The pavilion was later rebuilt
at a cost of $325,000 after the
1974 Xenia tornado. The
main entrance to the park is
off N. Park St. and is adjoined
by two monument columns
representing the Xenia Century High School Classes of
1874 - 1902.
2 - 578 E. Market St.;
Xenia Board of Education;
ca. 1894
This Mediterranean style
building was built as an elementary building at a cost of
$29,000. The building was
constructed for the black
youth of the City. After nearly 20 years, an addition was
made to the building for a
high school costing $150,000
in 1923. After another new
high school was built, the elementary students were moved
into the high school building
and the original elementary
building was torn down, with
that portion of the site now
used as a parking lot. The
remaining building was in
continuous use until June of
1963, when the school was
permanently closed. Students
were sent to other elementary
schools in the City.
In 1966, the building was renovated to use as the Xenia
Center for Educational Programming. For the first time,
classrooms were carpeted.
The school was only open 5
years and after more remodeling, the building was put to
use as the Administration
Building for the Board of
Education. The school building is the oldest in the City,
and continues to serve the
community in its newer role.
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3 - 1000 E. Church St.;
Middle Run Baptist Church
Founded by Reverend Godfrey
Brown in 1822 as part of the
earliest Afro-American settlement in the country, it moved in
1866 to its present site. It is one
of the oldest churches in Xenia.
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4 - 95 N. Patton St.; ca.
1887; Water Tower;
Oldest water tower in service in
Ohio, second oldest in service in
United States. This old model
water tower is designed with riveted steel plates. Newer models
are made out of welded steel
plates. The water tower has
served citizens of Xenia since
1887 and has a capacity of
270,000 gallons.
4
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Scattered
Sites
6
- 150 Miami Ave.; Xenia
Station
5- 565 E. Main St.; ca.
1839; Zion Baptist Church;
This is the fourth oldest Missionary Baptist Church in Ohio.
Zion Baptist Church provided
shelter for people during the
1913 Dayton flood. The structure reflects a Romanesque
Revival style.
6
Xenia Station is located on the
site of Xenia‘s old rail yard and
was completed on May 23,
1998. It is a replica of the
nineteenth century telegraph
building that used to be one of
the buildings in this seven-acre
railroad depot.
7- 424 ½ S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1840
This Italianate Old Style twostory overlooks the former rail
depot in Xenia, which is the current site of Xenia Station. Lewis
and Hannah Wright constructed
this house and used it as a
boarding school for girls. The
School was unprofitable and the
house was later sold to Lester
Arnold, the first Mayor of Xenia.
The house used to have a portico
with an ornate roof flanked by
six columns. Unfortunately,
these ornamentations are gone.
8
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9 325 Homewood Ave.; ca.
1869; Legacy Ministries
Legacy Ministries Campus is a
253-acre, 40-building campus
strategically located in the
southeast section of Xenia. It is
the home of Dayton Christian
Schools, Inc., the Legacy Village senior housing community,
Legacy Assisted Living, the
Legacy Ministries Foundation,
and LMI Services, Inc and the
headquarters of Athletes In
Action. The Legacy Center, had
been the Ohio Soldiers‘ and
Sailors’ Orphans‘ Home, which
was established in 1869 to provide a home for the orphans of
veterans of the Civil War. The
“Home” as it is still fondly
called, was a self-contained
community with a farm, dairy
barn, hospital, power/heating
plant, gymnasium, banquet hall,
chapel, and residence halls. The
historical buildings in the campus have been restored to their
original architecture. The campus in itself would require its
own walking tour.
8
- 677 S. Cincinnati Ave.;
ca. 1869; Hooven & Allison
Xenia’s oldest industrial complex manufactured twine and
cordage starting in 1870. It features several brick industrial
buildings with 12/12 DHS windows with limestone sills and
limestone foundation. It was a
community within itself with
cottages, school, chapel and a
hospital. The distinguishing
landmark is a brick smoke stack.
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Bullskin Trace Neighborhood
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Bullskin Trace
Neighborhood
438 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
This Queen Ann features a
Tuscan-columned full front
porch; pedimented dormer;
polygonal bay; fish scale
shingles; lead glass oak entry
door.
History
Bullskin Trace, which is present day Detroit Street, is
one of the more notable prehistoric Indian passages and
was ranked as very important along with the Scioto
Trail, Kenton Trail, and the Winchester Trace. Bullskin
Trace is more closely associated with Shawnee Indian
settlements, the most famous and largest of which is
Old Chillicothe, presently Old Town. Pioneer frontiersmen, Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton, were two of the
more famous prisoners of the Shawnee Tribe and were
believed to have escaped from their captivity on separate occasions by following the Bullskin Trace.
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451 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
By legislative enactment on February 4, 1807, the
Bullskin Trace became “Xenia State Road.” The enactment provided for a road right-of-way sixty-six feet
wide throughout its course. Because of its early official
establishment as the “Old Xenia Road,” it is considered
the mother of Ohio‘s present system of state highways.
Bullskin Trace Neighborhood is a residential development of the architectural transition period from Victorian and Post Victorian design. There are several large
brick Victorian Italianates, an assortment of small vernacular structures with clearly Victorian features, and a
variety of Eastlake and Queen Anne influences. The
post-Victorian houses are of the following styles: Bungalows, Dutch Colonials, Tudors, and Cape Cod Cottages.
This Victorian cottage features fluted square piers
supporting corner portico;
1/1 DHS windows; a hipped
roof dormer on South side;
shingled gable; and a sunburst in front gable.
2
3
467 South Detroit St.;
ca. 1875
This Eastlake structure features an original spindled
porch L-shaped with a pedimented, scrolled entry. It has
corner brackets and 1/1 DHS
windows and includes an
Eastlake inspired porch at
the rear.
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8
477 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
This structure of Queen Ann
Influence, features a projecting
front gable with fish scale shingles in the pediment; 1/1 DHS
windows, and a transomed entry
under a curving L shaped Eastlake first story porch. A small
Eastlake porch is on the interior
of the L at the second story.
5
625 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1900
4
Bungalow; Features a symmetrical plan; full front
porch with mounted square
piers, long 6/6 DHS windows flanking entry door;
wide, flat roof dormer with
1/1 DHS windows.
B
Bullskin Trace
Neighborhood
520 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1880
Gothic; features an L-shaped
Eastlake inspired porch; fish
scale shingles and a sunburst
in the gable; brackets at the
cornice line and 1/1DHS
windows.
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523 S. Detroit St.;
674 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
ca. 1870
Queen Anne Influence; Gables
project from the roofline supported by polygonal wings;
structure also has a full front
porch supported by granite columns and with a stone base; an
art glass window is on the
south side.
Cottage; features three chimneys; fish scale shingles in
front single-story gables; an
Eastlake inspired pedimented
porch; 2/2 DHS windows;
soldiers arches at the windows.
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6
543 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
Queen Anne Influence; features a Tuscan-columned full
front porch; polygonal bay
under front gable.
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10 - 708 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1870
Federal; features an L-shaped
Ionic columned full front porch
with a balustrade atop; entirety
over a transomed and side lighted entry; structure also has limestone lintel over 2/2 DHS windows; a polygonal bay on south
side.
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Bullskin Trace
Neighborhood
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14
741 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1910
Possible Neo-Classic design;
features much stone trim work,
limestone lintels over the
1/1DHS windows; limestone
portico with square piers and
miscellaneous stone trim work
at the cornice and throughout
the façade.
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ca. 1870
11
Victorian Italianate; features a
transomed entry; 1/1 and 2/2
DHS windows; incised stone
hood moulds; and a mansard
roofed entry portico; dentils and
brackets are at the cornice line.
The Thornhill family, who
owned a saw and planning mill
north of Xenia and who built
many homes in Xenia, built the
house.
761 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1860
Federal; features a transomed
entry and side lights under an
added Eastlake inspired front
porch with sunburst; also has
6/6 DHS windows.
13
885 S. Detroit St.;
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12
809 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
Colonial Revival; features an
Ionic columned full front
porch, the central projection
of which reached a full two
stories. A balustrade
accompanies the single story
wings of the porch.
15
990 S. Detroit St.;
ca. 1890
13
Queen Anne; features a
polygonal bay, a roof dormer,
second story porch and entry,
front gable, tower with porch,
pedimented entry portico
with sunburst over an oak
entry door.
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Carnegie Historic District
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Carnegie Historic
District
ca. 1850
History
Xenia City Council designated the Carnegie Historic District as a local
historic district on November 25, 1999. This designation was based on
the significance of the neighborhood for its architecture and role in
Xenia‘s history. The Carnegie Historic District is located on East Church
Street and East Market Street to the north and south, and Whiteman
Street to the West and extending into the City of Xenia’s historic East
End. The neighborhood gets its name from the Carnegie Library located
at the corner of Edison Blvd. and East Church St. that was commissioned by Andrew Melon Carnegie, the famous Pittsburg industrialist.
The structure represents neo-revival architecture.
The original town square that was the origin of the town Xenia included
a portion of the Carnegie Neighborhood. The first expansions of Xenia
were towards the neighborhood represented by the Lewis and Monroe
Addition in 1839. One of the platters of this expansion is David Monroe
who built his house at 246 East Market St. was well known as an Abolitionist. His house served as a “station” on the Underground Railroad.
The other man who helped layout the Lewis and Monroe Addition was
Daniel Lewis. Daniel Lewis was the builder of the fifth Greene County
Jail in 1834. Lewis was also responsible for building the first public
building in Xenia, which housed the administrative offices of the courthouse. Daniel Lewis and David Monroe were the proprietors of Old
Town, a small town just north of Xenia.
The District boasts a wide representation of architectural styles: Eastlake,
Classic Revival, Greek revival, Italianate, Federal, or Queen Anne. The
District residents have proudly purchased plaques for their homes identifying the style of their homes and their historic names.
1
ca. 1906; Carnegie Library
Federal. The symmetrical bays
and 6 over 6DH windows with
the hipped roof make this an
excellent example of Federal
style. This home has plain stone
lintels over the windows and the
main door. The chimney is
placed centrally. There is a
small-arcaded porch on the left
side of the house. The structure
is part of the original plat of
Xenia that was laid out in 1803.
This is currently used as an
office.
3 143 E. Market St.;
ca. 1914
Bungaloid, designed by Prêt,
Zinger and Musselman, Dayton.
House has a large front porch
with two columns in antis. There
is an interesting cornice trim and
rectilinear patterns are pressed
into stucco walls and hipped
overhang. Charles Carroll family
purchased the house in 1928 from
the original owners, the Moores,
who suffered disastrous financial
losses in the 1929 stock market
crash. It is currently used as a
Greene County Facility.
1
ca. 1890
Queen Anne; features Ashlar
water table. Front porch with
smooth ashlar pillars and railing with decorative wrought
iron. Variety of window styles.
Clipped gable ends with fascia
and large boards. There are two
stuccoed chimneys with patterned brick work.
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3
194 East Church St.;
Neo-Classical Revival; built by
William Kauffman Associate of
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania and
funded by famous industrialist,
Andrew Carnegie. Features
elaborate entablature around the
windows and doorways, and
Corinthian columns on the
porch. The interior center room
contains synthetic marble on
plaster base for wainscoting and
dome columns.
4
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Carnegie Historic
District
5
189 E. Market St.;
ca. 1890
8
231 E. Market St.;
ca. 1890
Greek revival; The front façade
dominated by two tiered four
columned Tuscan order porticos with skirt between first and
second floors. Single light 1/1
DH windows have lug sills and
lintels.
5
Classic Revival; Tri-gable roof;
The main feature of this house is
the masonry porch on the north
and west elevations, with five
polished granite columns. Most
windows have a unique two layer
lintels. A large Chicago
stylewindow with rectangular
transom and beveled glass is on
the north elevation and a semicircular window with Tiffany type
stained glass lights the foyer
from the east elevation. Frank
Lloyd Wright inspiration.
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9
Dutch Colonial- inspired; Gable
with hip top roof. The fenestration is the house‘s dominant
feature. The first floor north elevation has a large prism glass
Chicago style window rectangular transom and an oak door
with patterned, beveled glass
window. A semicircular stained
glass window is on the east elevation. The front porch has 4
fluted columns with Ionic caps
that support the roof.
Colonial with elements of Greek
Revival. The recessed porch is
held up by 3 Tuscan columns.
The porch enclosure is a white
spindled railing. The attic level
of the façade has 3 square windows side by side. The gabled
roof is complemented by a cornice on the front façade.
195 E. Market St.;
ca. 1900
243 E. Market St.;
ca. 1880
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9
ca.1908-1910
Gothic Renewal. The double
doorway is arched with a multipaned transom and has concrete
steps to the sidewalk. The front
3 windows are multipaned,
stained glass gothic arched. The
side-plated tower has a battlement around the top. The random ashlar exterior wall gives
the church an authentic “old
style” look. There are pointed
arch vents on all sides of the
tower.
7
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ca. 1860
Greek revival; features recessed
truncated windows and recessed
truncated main entrance with
stone hood mold in central bay;
has wood door with two vertical
lights flanked by pilasters and
leaded glass side lights and
topped with leaded glass semicircular fan light. Once the home of
Mr. David Monroe, owner of a
furniture store and an engineer on
the Underground Railroad. This
house was a major stop in the
Ohio Railroad and is so recognized with a historical marker.
10
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Carnegie Historic
District
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253 E. Market St.;
14
129 North Monroe St.;
ca. 1860
11
ca. 1809
Federal (vernacular) sturdy brick
with walls running bond with
headers every tenth course.
Heavy simple interior woodwork
complements the general sturdiness of the building. This house
and the house to the north form
an interesting pair of nearly identical buildings.
Queen Anne. Eastlake type
porch on front left (North
elevation). There is plain wooden cornice with boxed eaves.
The gable has fish scale shingles.
The roof has half-turret dormer,
window, lintels, and plain cornice. Polygonal bay on east elevation with 1/1 DH windows.
There is a cupola in the center of
the roof.
12
299 E. Market St.;
14
12
ca.1880
15
Possible Vernacular or Craftsman Style. Porch wraps around
façade to the east to one story
rear addition. Off-center entrance
door is flanked by elongated
windows. Hipped roof porch
with square posts.
13
Victorian Cottage; Front façade
shared by polygonal bay with
sash windows with architrave
surround and a segmental porch
with Eastlake style ornamentation. Wooden panel door has
square multi-paned window.
Roof is a front facing entrance
on cross gable section. Closedin veranda on rear of house.
290 E. Market St.;
ca. 1840
Greek revival style. Rectangular
windows flank entrance under a
flat roofed, one-story full façade
porch. Rectangular columns on
front porch. Narrow proportions
and unusual scale and setback of
this dwelling suggest an alternative original use.
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245 E. Church St.;
ca. 1890
C
Carnegie Historic
District
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16
233 E. Church St.;
ca. 1889
Vernacular with Eastlake influence. Entrances on porches in
first and second bays. First porch
in re-entrant angle with posts,
pierced brackets, bracketed frieze
and flat roof. Second bay porch
with turned posts, spindled railing, pierced brackets, spindled
frieze and very heavily decorated
pedimented gable end with
returns. Majority of windows are
1/1 DHS with architrave surrounds. This building adds to the
character of the district. Earl
Carter worked on the railroad
and he could not receive a paycheck unless he had a Xenia
address, so he built this house.
227 E. Church St.;
ca. 1885
17
20
High Victorian Italianate, Onestory veranda, three Ionic fluted
columns, rock face railing, main
door is in first bay, decorative
carving, flanking pilasters, semicircle transom. Floor length windows, decorative incised wooden
pedimented surround. Second
story, has the same treatment, but
segmental arched window top.
Cornice with brackets, and mullions interspersed. Right sidebox bay, left polygonal bay, window treatment same, addition in
rear entrance.
18
236 E. Church St.;
ca. 1923
Bungalow. This is a unique one
of a kind building in the area.
The oval porch with Greek columns is the highlight of this
building. The two windows on
the façade are Palladian type.
The flat roof is the only one in
the area. The porch and sloped
front façade have Spanish tile
covering them.
20
207 E. Church St.;
ca. 1924
Federal. A good example of Federal style house. The porch is
held up by 2 columns topped
with triangular pediments. The
house has 3 bays and windows
are symmetrically placed in bays.
There is a porch added to the
east side of the house in the 20th
century. This house is on a large
lot surrounded by trees. The
exterior is in excellent condition.
18
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229 Hayes Ave.;
ca. 1900
19
270 E. Church St.;
ca. 1880
16
Eastlake. This Eastlake style
house has a porch across the
front façade. Original pilasters
were removed. A Chicago window and 18 light panel door
enhance the front. Three gabled
dormers, the front dormer having
scalloped shingles and decorative
work at top. There is a box cornice surrounding the house and
acentral chimney of masonry,
slightly corbelled.
19
The front door has a broken
pediment in the 3 bay front
façade. There is a circular window placed in the center of the
façade above the door. This is
the only colonial style house in
the neighborhood.
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Downtown
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Downtown
2
History
Xenia Downtown was once a vibrant commercial and government center
where Xenia residents congregated for their shopping and service needs.
The railway had one of its main tracts bisecting the downtown along the
east side of Detroit Street and it stopped for passengers along the way. The
downtown area contained a variety of shops, homes, hotels, groceries, governmental offices and churches. The downtown streets followed a typical
grid pattern with Main Street and Detroit Street as the main cross-roads. A
variety of architectures lined these streets with wide tree lawns and tall
majestic trees. This landscape was permanently altered with the 1974 tornado that ravaged half of the downtown area. The redevelopment of the
Xenia Downtown resulted in the consolidation of parcels north of Main
Street between North Detroit Street and South Church Street and out of
this emerged the Xenia Towne Square Center. Fortunately, the buildings
south of Main Street were spared including the some of the important governmental buildings such as the magnificent Greene County Courthouse
and Xenia City Hall and this enabled the downtown to hold on to the government function. Xenia Downtown is marked by “the old” and the “new
downtown” providing for the convenience of a modern shopping center
and the flavor of the old traditional downtown.
1
45 N. Detroit St.;
ca. 1901; Greene County
Court house;
101 N. Detroit St.;
ca. 1930; Xenia City Hall;
1
Italian/Florentine Style. Two
stone griffins guard the Detroit
Street entrance and the two gargoyles are found on each side of
the heavy stone building. Tower
reaches 145 feet in height and it
includes a four-faced clock and a
4500 lb bell. The unique design
has marble stairs, arched windows and ceiling. Voted by the
American Institute of Architects
as one of the “Buildings Of the
Century” because it has the distinction of lasting forever, having survived the 1974 tornado. It
inspires civic pride with rich
exterior and interior details.
Art Deco building features a
raised basement; projecting and
recessing bays alternating with
entries in projecting bays; fluting
between bays and flanking
entries; double glass entry doors
and casement windows. Interior
floors and stairs are marble. In
1990, an addition to City Hall was
constructed, almost doubling the
size of the original building.
3
105 Market St.;
ca. 1929; Ellis Building;
4
63 E. Church St.;
ca. 1907; Christ Episcopal
Church;
4
The church cost approximately
$8,000 to construct under the
leadership of Reverend Mr.
Henry J. Simpson. Architectural
style is of English Gothic
inspired from a church in
Trowbridge, England. Arched
main entrance under bell tower.
Exterior is of stone and wood
frame arch windows. The windows were originally stained
glass, but all these except for the
front windows were damaged by
the 1974 tornado.
152 N. Detroit St.;
ca. 1833; Cornerstone
Bible Church;
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3
English tudor architecture.
Building was used for the E.R.
Bryant Ford Company. Mr. Bryant was a brother-in-law of
Henry Ford. The business was
sold by Bryant in 1945 to E.B.
“Eddie” Ellis. In 1966, Ken Cole
bought the Dealership then later
sold it to Jim Gunning in 1976.
The operation closed in September of 1980, having been a Ford
dealership the entire time. The
Ellis family continued to own
the building until Greene County
acquired it for its government
use.
5
2
Formerly the First Reformed
Church; The current building was
dedicated on October 2, 1910.
The building is of Romanesque
Revival style and is made of
stone exterior. There are two arch
entrances to the Church and the
windows have beautiful stained
glass. This church was the only
structure that survived the 1974
tornado in this
block.
5
D
Downtown
7
10 W. Main St.;
ca. 1875; Allen Building;
The Allen building was built by
the former president of the
Xenia National Bank, John B.
Allen. There have been several
businesses and law firms that
have occupied this building,
including the Xenia Gazette.
This is a Romanesque Revival
which features arched windows
on the third floor. The flat roof
used to have a balustrades which
have long been removed.
123 W. Main St.;
ca. 1864; Dodds Monument;
The Dodds building features paired granite Corinthian columns.
This building was designed and built for apartments in 1903 during the St. Louis World‘s Fair. This building houses beautiful
restored stained glass windows that once graced a chapel at Bergamo Center in Beavercreek, Ohio. The stained glass windows were
crafted by F. X. Zettler Stained Glass Window Co. in Munich and
they depict Saints and scenes from the life of Jesus.
7
8
13 E. Main St.
Oasis Cafe;
Victorian Gothic architecture
built in 1867 as the First National Bank (originally located on 73
S. Detroit St.) later renamed
Xenia National Bank. In 1943, it
expanded by building onto the
lot east of the corner, with the
construction matching the original 1867 structure. In 1955, the
bank moved and the building
became home to several restaurants, starting with Frisch’s.
9
21 E. Main Street.;
Xenia Shoe & Leather;
The western storefront has half
moon windows planked by
columns. The eastern
storefront has squared windows, also planked by columns.
Second and third floors have a
4-panel door with a transom
window above for stairway
lighting. This building underwent extensive façade renovation and restoration in 2006.
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6
6
10
10
73 South Detroit St.;
Bank of Xenia;
8
This is the original bank building
built by John Hivling. This building is on the Ohio Historic
Inventory and on the National
Register of Historic Places. This
is a two story, temple form Greek
Revival building. The building is
a pilastered rectangle with the
main door centered in one end
and sheltered by a one bay
entrance porch. In 1832 and 1834,
Ohio pioneers Simon Kenton and
James Galloway sold the property to Brinton Baker, a son-in-law
of John Hivling. The bank‘s
doors were opened on June 1,
1835. It continued to be used as a
bank building until a new facility
was built on the corner of Main
St. and Detroit St.
On the National Register of Historic Places
9
12
189 E. Main St.;
ca.1913; Xenia Post Office;
Beaux Arts; building features a
raised basement; 6/6 DHS windows and a Colossal Ionic pillared projecting portico with balustrade. Entry features a transom.
12
11
161 E. Main St.;
Security National Bank;
It is the site of present day Security National Bank and the forerunner of the first bank in
Greene County that was started
by John Hivling. The building
opened in 1956. Society Bank
occupied, the building and in
1984 the bank was bought out
by Security National Bank, the
current bank owner. The architecture represents a colonial
revival style containing distinguishable features of central
entrance and formal symmetry.
11
Waterstreet Historic
District
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E
District
3
194 W. Second St.;
ca. 1895;
Queen Anne features side
porch with decorative column.
This home features varied
rooflines and variety of window and shapes.
History
This district was entered in the National Register of Historic Places in
1980 and is considered one of the oldest sections of Xenia. The first cabin
erected within the city limits in 1804 was on West Third Street and the first
schoolhouse, a one-story log cabin built in 1805 was in this district. The
Waterstreet Historic District derives its name from W. Third Street, formerly called Water Street in the 1800‘s. For many years, Water Street served
as the southern boundary of the City and was one of the most attractive
sections in Xenia.
3
Waterstreet Historic District is graced with a variety of architectural design
reflecting craftsmanship of a by-gone era. The architecture includes post
Civil War Renaissance Revival to Queen Anne design in the “Eastlake
mode” and fine Old Federal styles.
1
1
253 W. Second St.;
4
102.W. Second St.;
ca. 1875;
ca. 1875;
High Victorian by Dr. Ira W.
Baldwin, an eminent regional
physician. Features four bay
façade with pavilion in the first
two bays, entrance in the third
bay. Ornamental wrought iron
fence adorn the yard.
High Victorian Italianate structure. Charles Darlington imported
an Austrian etched glass threepart transom over the entry. On a
high stone foundation; three bay
façade with entrance in the first
bay; wood panel door and triplehung windows.
2
195 W. Second St.;
2
4
ca. 1900;
Queen Anne; features two bay
façade with a pavilion in the
right bay. Neo-classical porch
with central pediment. Imbricated shingles in the tympanum.
5
75 W. Second St.;
ca. 1865;
Eclectic; stone steps to a fulllength wood porch, tongue and
groove floor, upper deck supported on tuscan columns with central projection topped with wooden head. Low gabled roof, boxed
cornice with frieze decorated with
dentals and brackets.
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5
E
District
6
17 West Third/corner
S. Detroit St.; ca. 1908;
6
The Eavey Grocery Warehouse
was built by Henry Eavey in
1869. Mr. Eavey started his
wholesale business here. It was
the forerunner of the present
Super Valu Warehouse. Good
example of an old brick warehouse structure with foot- thick
walls.
7
57 W. Third St.; ca.
7
1885;
61 W. Third St.;
8
ca. 1875;
Victorian Italianate featuring
four bay façade with entrance at
the first bay. Right three bays are
pavilion with polygonal bay.
This home was built by the
Thornhill family.
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90 W. Third St.;
ca. 1875;
Queen Anne Architecture. This
house was owned by Henry
Eavey and his descendants. The
location of the house was convenient for Mr. Eavey‘s wholesale
business at the end of W. Third
St. and a proper location for a
wealthy Xenia family.
Queen Anne influence featuring
side porch with column and decorative corner brackets; Truncated hip roof with side and front
side gables; off center front side
chimney.
8
9
9
E
District
10
113 W. Third St.;
ca 1890;
13
Georgian Revival featuring a
porch with Ionic columns and
arched doorway. A stained glass
fanlight set back in its frame is
over this entrance. Currently is
the site of the Evangelical United Methodist Church building,
was formerly the Xenia Theological Seminary. It was first
known as Mrs. Hanna‘s Seminary and was for women only.
10
This is the home of Helen
Hooven Santmyer, a noted author
from Xenia. Some of her works
include: And Ladies of The Club
and Ohio Town. Recognized as a
landmark during Xenia’s bicentennial year celebration and is
identified by a bicentennial
marker.
11
195 W. Third St.;
ca. 1904;
13
11
127 W.Third St.;
ca. 1840;
Victorian Italianate style noted
for its beautiful detailed entry
and exceptional arched and window trimmings. The house most
famous resident was Jacob
Baldner, the Supt. of American
Cordage Co. and manufacturer of
the Baldner Motor Vehicle Co.,
two 18th century industries.
12
169 W. Third St.;
ca. 1876;
14
255 W. Third St; ca. 1840;
with addition ca. 1870;
12
Italianate with Eastlake Porch
with turned pillars and latticework. Constructed of brick;
highly recognized for its ornamental value. This home has
seven fireplaces. Original owner
was Albert Barber, early Xenia
Merchant.
Late Federal and oldest building in
the District; Two-story L-shaped
brick house with rusticated stone
foundation and a 5-bay façade; stone
steps lead to a central doorway
which is recessed. Windows on first
and second floor are trimmed with
wooden surrounds and sills. There
are two inside chimneys on sides
with caps. Two-story brick addition
in southwest rear with chimney and
frame addition with shiplap siding
the brick addition. The interior of
this house was completely renovated
in 2007 which resulted in its conversion back to its original singlefamily use.
This was the site of first log cabin
built in Xenia.
14
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North End
Neighborhood
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F
North End
Neighborhood
3
74 W. Church St.
This square includes the Victorian Town House,
the museum for the society that was built in
1887, representing a Queen Anne Style architecture, The Galloway Log House circa 1799,
originally built in Old Chillicothe and moved to
its current location in 1965. It is believed to be
the structure in which the famous Shawnee
Chief Tecumseh, proposed marriage to a white
woman named Rebecca Galloway. In 1990, the
Brantley Carriage House Museum was added to
this square and it now serves as a museum and
office of the Society.
1
184 N. King St.;
228 N. King St.;
ca. 1871;
Built by Andrew Baughman
Bought later by James Chew
Family, former owner of the
Xenia Gazette. Large, imposing
structure with a projecting central bay featuring quoins, round
headed entry. It is one of the few
private homes in Greene County
with elevators. It has recently
been extensively renovated
inside and out.
1
ca. 1871;
The Millen-Schmidt house by
Eli Millen, a dry goods merchant.
Italian Villa Style with a rock
faced Romanesque porch.
3
2
4
208 N. King St.;
ca. 1850;
Torrence, whose brother was
famous poet Ridgely Torrence,
bought the home from Andrew
Baughman. Represents Greek
Revival style.
ca. 1869; “Dean Home”;
13- room Mid-Victorian
townhouse is essentially Federal
in style. Features arch main entry
with matching arch windows.
2
4
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245 N. King St.;
F
North End
Neighborhood
5
5
252 N. King St.;
ca. 1890;
Beautiful example of Queen
Anne Style featuring a corner
turret over an L-shaped porch;
varied rooflines and variety of
window sizes and shapes.
6
364 N. King St.;
6
ca. 1864;
Victorian Italianate Style by
Samuel Patterson architect, carpenter and carver. This home
consists of three bays with entry
on side and a wood panel entry
door.
7
9
377 N. King St.;
ca. 1905;
445 N. King St.;
ca. 1892;
Built by Samuel Patterson features Corinthian columns carved
out of oak used rarely in architecture.
Features arched porch with solid
square columns;
stucco material
7
8
413 N. King St.;
8
ca. 1900;
Four peaking rooftops above a
wide late-Victorian veranda are
notable features of this beautiful
home.
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9
F
North End
Neighborhood
10
473 N. King St.;
10
ca. 1853;
One of the earliest homes built on
King Street. This Greek Revival
has a pedimented gable with window; double entry door flanked
by pilasters and topped by a transom. There are 3 doors located on
the bottom floor. One of three
used for entry.
11
13
626 N. King St.;
ca. 1870;
Beautiful example of Victorian
Gothic; features a central projecting bay with steep gable and
smaller but as steep gables on
either side.
12
386 N. Galloway St.;
ca. 1890;
11
Queen Anne influence featuring
an Eastlake inspired porch; fish
scale shingles, gingerbread trim
and polygonal bay.
ca. 1898;
Mansion-like featuring a Tuscan
columned projecting portico and
limestone lintels, several polygonal bays and pitched and roundheaded dormers and steep gables.
12
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13
F
North End
17
Neighborhood
14
ca. 1890;
Victorian style featuring a bracketed cornice; stone lintels; and a
Tuscan columned full front
porch.
14
17
ca. 1890;
Extremely interesting cottage
type structure featuring an Eastlake porch with pediment entry;
round headed window with art
glass under entry porch.
15
330 North Galloway
15
St.; ca. 1885;
Victorian style home was built
for the family of Lyman & Maria
Garfield who came from Boston.
Lyman was the superintendent of
Miami Powder Mill. The home
features full Victorian style
porch; interior woodwork is of
oak, cherry and walnut.
16
18
142 W. Church St.;
ca. 1880;
Italianate featuring swan’s neck
entry; fluted columns at entry
and an east side porch; front
gable in central bay over porch;
stone lintels.
11
16
18
ca. 1889;
Italianate structure; full front
porch with transom entry door
and original carved wooden
door; dentils and brackets at cornice; polygonal bay on south
side; arched stone hoodmolds.
12
19
19
555 N. West St.;
ca. 1865;
Eclectic; features a diagonal
entry over a newly restored Eastlake porch; central chimney;
limestone lintels over windows.
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East Second Street Historic District
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East Second
Street Historic District
History
The East Second Street Historic District was listed on the National Register
of Historic Places in 1979. According to the nomination submitted to the
Interior Department, the East Second St. Historic District between South
Collier and South Monroe is architecturally significant as a collection of
mid-to-late 19th century residential buildings, well preserved and representative of the stylistic and workmanship quality of that time. Unfortunately,
over the years, the District has suffered from lack of maintenance or inappropriate modification of the architectural features of the homes.
Start tour at 183 East Second Street. Parking is available at the Xenia
Municipal Parking west of Collier St.
1
1
183 East Second St.;
ca 1880;
3
2
ca 1880;
Victorian Italianate design. Features a side entrance of Eastlake
style. Carved stone lintel over
windows. Shows interesting
ornamentations on façade and
entrance.
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209 East Second St.; ca. 1881;
Eastlake Style built for granddaughter of John Hivling and
her husband John Allen, banker and Ohio legislative representative. This is one of the finest examples of Eastlake
design in the state. Constructed of brick, it has a front porch
with turned spindles and curved brackets. Two story side
porch adorn the western side of the house. Three chimneys
located L & R of center, corbelled paneled with pots. The
windows are 1/1 double hung sash with head surrounds label
with slip sill. The main entrance is off the centre right side.
Eastlake Style, once owned by
John Hivling, a Xenia Merchant
who built the first bank in Xenia.
The main entrance to the home is
off to the right side. The home
has tall 4/4 double hung sash first
floor widows; door and all windows have Eastlake detailed
lintels and surrounds; round
wooden cut-out rose vent in
gable. The house has a right rear
addition and gable roof with
extended eaves.
2
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G
East Second
Street Historic District
4
235 East Second St.; ca. 1840;
Greek Revival; This house is also known as Eden Hall, and has recently
been converted into a Bed & Breakfast. The home was constructed by
Abram Hivling, son of John Hivling, at a cost of $8,000. After Abram
Hivling died, the house was sold to his niece and her husband Mr. and
Mrs. John Allen who bought if for their daughter Mary, who was Mrs.
Coates Kinney. Colonel Kinney was a noted poet, lawyer and newspaper
man who wrote the “Ode to Ohio” in 1888. Its most recent owner was
Mrs. Paul (Evelyn) Cozatt who amassed valuable antique collections.
After she passed away, the auction on the antique collection lasted for several days. Architecturally, there is a central doorway with three part transom and sidelights. Wooden porch on front and left side with hexagonal
pillars and paneled entablature. There are thirty-two rooms on the living
levels and ten rooms in the basement. On July 14, 2009, Robert and
Amanda Nethercott acquired this stately mansion for their private residence.
5
ca. 1885;
Queen Anne; 2 ½ story original
stone and siding. Original owner
was Mr. King who owned the
gun powder mills north of Xenia
(Goes Station) and later at Kings
Mill which is the present site of
Kings Island. This home is Irregular Queen Anne with central
gable and projecting side gable..
The recessed 3-panel wooden
door has transom and large light
with a row of small lights above
and below it. The second floor
screened porch consists of 2
large screened windows separated by narrow wooden decorated
post.
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5
4
WE HOPE YOU ENJOYED EXPLORING AND EXPERIENCING OUR CITY‘S
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE.
THIS TOUR IS NOW AVAILABLE ON THE CITY’S WEBSITE FOR DOWNLOADING
AT WWW.CI.XENIA.OH.US.
IF YOU HAVE ANY SUGGESTIONS OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THAT WE
CAN ADD TO THIS WALKING AND BIKING TOUR BROCHURE,
EMAIL US AT [email protected].

historical and architectural tour

Transcription

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