CSCI 101 - Historical Development

CSCI 101 - Historical Development
May 29, 2015
Historical Development
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IBM
Commodore
Unix and Linux
Raspberry pi
IBM
IBM or International Business Machine Corporation began in the
late 1800's, making it the oldest CS company.
Some of the rst machines it created were basic adding machines,
electric type-writers, and time punch-card machines.
Although IBM sold it's PC business, it still is making innovations in
computers today.
IBM
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1948 - SSEC (Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator) - rst
computer that can modify a stored program
1952 - IBM 702 - rst large scale computer that is mass
produced, marketed towards businesses
1954 - IBM NORC (Naval Ordnance Research Calculator) rst supercomputer, commissioned by the US Navy, rst
computer to use vacuum tubes
IBM 702
IBM
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1956 - IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of
Accounting and Control) - rst computer to use a hard
magnetic disc drive for memory storage, coining the phrase
RAM.
1969 - Magnetic swipe strips developed and adopted for credit
card processing and IBM computers developed and used by
NASA to land on moon
1971 - IBM releases the oppy disk
IBM 305 RAMAC
IBM
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1975 - IBM 5100 Portable Computer - rst portable computer,
weighs about 50 pounds, costs anywhere from $9,000 to
$20,000
1981 - IBM PC - rst personal computer released by IBM,
after Apple and Hewlett-Packard
1997 - Deep Blue - IBM's super computer beats World Chess
Champion Garry Kasparov, rst time a computer beats a
champion
IBM 5100 Portable Computer
IBM
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2000 - IBM ASCI White - US Department of Energy
commissions the World's fastest super computer at the time to
manage the nuclear stockpile
2008 - IBM RoadRunner - Built for the Los Alamos National
Laboratory, operates at speeds faster than
1,000,000,000,000,000 calculations per second.
2011 - Watson - IBM's supercomputer beats Jeopardy!
champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter.
IBM ASCI White
Commodore
Commodore International was a computer manufacturer based in
Toronto from 1954 - 1994.
Commodore was a large player in the personal computer
development in the early 70's and 80's.
Unlike IBM which developed many dierent types of computer
technology, Commodore focused on calculators, personal
computers, game consoles, and software.
Commodore
Calculators were the rst product that Commodore was known for.
Commodore released many versions of electronic calculators,
including programmable electronic calculators like the PR 100.
TI Instruments began marketing a cheaper version in 1975, so
Commodore began to focus on it's personal computer line.
Commodore PR 100
Commodore
In 1977, the Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) was
the rst computer Commodore released.
In 1981, Commodore released the VIC-20 costing $299, which was
the rst computer to ship more than one million units.
In 1982, Commodore released the Commodore 64 which prompted
a personal computer bidding war with companies like Atari and TI.
Commodore
At the time the C64 had very impressive features, nice sound, 16
color graphics, TV output and 64K of memory.
It boasted as a gaming and computing PC, one of the most
advanced on the market, costing only $595.
Commodore went bankrupt in 1994, but around 22 million C64's
were sold, making it the most popular computer of all time.
Commodore 64
Unix and Linux
Unix is an operating system that is completely customizable. It was
developed by MIT, AT&T Bell Labs and General Electric in the
1960's.
It gained popularity in the 1990's for the following features:
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very little machine-dependent code
contained all of the libraries, documents, and source-code for
the operating system and software
Unix and Linux
Unix was very inexpensive and could run on inexpensive hardware,
which gave it a wide range of followers.
Around 1983 the GNU Project was started. The goal of the project
was to build a Unix-like operating system using only open-source
software.
The result of that project is the Linux operating system.
Unix and Linux
Today Linux can be found in many dierent systems, from le
servers to supercomputers.
Linux is used in home machines, as well as commercial machines
used for software development.
Even Android phones have Linux components in their operating
systems.
Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer developed for
educational purposes, with the hope of furthering education in
schools.
The cost of the machine is about $20 to $35, and contains 256 512 MB of RAM depending on the model.
The Raspberry Pi can work with a Linux operating system, typically
it contains some sort of Unix-based OS.
Raspberry Pi