Quantronics 30 years

The fun of breaking things
30 years Quantronics
1
Mechanically Controllable Break Junction
30 years Quantronics
2
Conductance for Au contacts at 4.2 K
8
2
Conductance (2e /h)
7
Gold, 4.2 K
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Piezo-voltage (V)
30 years Quantronics
3
Shot noise as a function of current,
Au atomic contact at G=1.02 G0
Equal channels T1 = T2 = 0.51
1,5
Best fit
T1 = 0.99
T2 = 0.03
Excess noise (10
-26
2
A /Hz)
Full shot noise
1,0
One channel
Fully open
T1 = 1.00
T2 = 0.02
0,5
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Bias current ( A)
30 years Quantronics
Van den Brom, JMvR, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1526 (1999)
4
IV-curve for Nb vacuum tunnel junction
current [nA]
100
10
Nb
R=146k
1
T= G/G0=0.0707
0.1
0.01
0
30 years Quantronics
1
2
3
eV []
4
5
Van der Post, Peters, Yanson, JMvR, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2611 (1994)
IV-curve for Nb vacuum tunnel junction
current [nA]
100
10
Nb
R=146k
1
T= G/G0=0.0707
0.1
0.01
0
30 years Quantronics
1
2
3
eV []
4
Bratus, Shumeiko, Wendin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2110 (1995)
6
Van der Post, Peters, Yanson, JMvR, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2611 (1994)
Lithographically fabricated MCBJ
L
u
t
I
3ut
JMvR, Alvarez,Piñeyro,
z L2 Grahmann, Joyez, Devoret, Esteve, Urbina,
30 years Quantronics
7
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67 (1995) 108
Reading the transmission probabilities
Aluminium, T=100 mK
eI/G
4
2
4
2
0
0
0
1
2
eV/
1
3
2
4
5
Scheer, Joyez, Esteve, Urbina, Devoret, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3535 (1997)
30 years Quantronics
8
The modes determined by valence orbitals
Element
Type of
atom
Number of
modes
Conductance for
one atom
Au
s
1
1 G0
Al
s-p
3
~0.8-1.2 G
Pb
s-p
3
~2.5-3 G
Nb
s-d
5
~2.5-3 G
Cuevas, Levy Yeyati, Martin-Rodero, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 1066
Scheer, Agraït, Cuevas, Levy Yeyati, Ludoph, Martin-Rodero, Rubio-Bollinger, JMvR,
Urbina, Nature 394 (1998) 154
30 years Quantronics
9
The PIN code is all you need to know
{0.21;0.20;0.20}
{0.40;0.27;0.03}
{0.68;0.25;0.22}
765mK
{0.996;0.26}
428mK
20mK
{0.21;0.20;0.20}
Cron, Goffman, Esteve, Urbina, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4104 (2001)
30 years Quantronics
10
Supercurrent
ASC = Adiabatic Super Current
MAR = Multiple Andreev Refelction
{0.995; 0.372; 0.174; 0.022}
Goffman, Cron, Levy Yeyati, Joyez, Devoret,
Esteve, Urbina, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 170 (2000)
Chauvin, vom Stein, Esteve, Urbina, Cuevas,
Levy yeyati, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 067008 (2007)
30 years Quantronics
11
Current-phase relation
Della Rocca, Chauvin, Huard, Pothier, Esteve, Urbina, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 127005 (2007)
30 years Quantronics
12
Andreev level spectroscopy
Bretheau, Girit, Pothier, Esteve, Urbina, Nature. 499, 312 (2013)
30 years Quantronics
13
Andreev level spectroscopy
Bretheau, Girit, Pothier, Esteve, Urbina, Nature. 499, 312 (2013)
30 years Quantronics
14
Publications based on MCBJ
140
120
publications
100
80
60
40
20
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
year
30 years Quantronics
15
MCBJ in labs around the world
30 years Quantronics
16
MCBJ based circuits
in labs around the world
30 years Quantronics
17
Towards single molecule junctions
104 G0
Benzenedithiol (BDT)
30 years Quantronics
18
Larger molecules; off-resonant transport
4,4’ bipyridene
30 years Quantronics
B. Xu, & N.J. Tao, Science 301 1221 (2003)
19
Systematic dependence
alkanediamines
Venkataraman, Klare, Tam, Nuckolls, Hybertsen, and Steigerwald, Nano Letters 6, 458 (2006)
30 years Quantronics
20
Angle of two porpherines
Michenko, Vonlanthen, Meded, Bürkle, Li, Pobelov, Bagrets, Viljas, Pauly,
Evers, Mayor, Wandlowski, Nano Letters 10, 156 (2010).
See also: Venkataraman, Klare, Nuckolls, Hybertsen, Steigerwald, Nature
442, 904 (2006).
30 years Quantronics
21
Conductance curve for Pt/H2
Pt/H2
dI/dV (G0)
4
3
PtD2
0.98
0.96
Pt
2
d I/dV (a.u.)
2
1
0.0
2
2
Conductance (2e /h)
5
0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Piezovoltage (V)
-0.2
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0
20 40
Bias voltage (meV)
60
80
100
Smit, Noat Untiedt, Lang, van Hemert, JMvR, Nature 419, 906 (2002)M. van Ruitenbeek
30 years Quantronics
22
Comparison H2 and D2
PtH2
Count
50
70
40

PtD2 2

PtD
PtD2
60
30
20
2
50
PtH2
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Energy (meV)
70
40
Count
0
PtH2
30
60
PtD2
Count
50
20
40
10
30
20
0
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
Energy (meV)
30 years Quantronics
100
120
40
60
80
100
120
140
Energy (meV)
Smit, Noat Untiedt, Lang, van Hemert, JMvR, Nature 419, 906 (2002) 23
Full shot noise
Pt-D2-Pt
-26
2
Excess noise (10 A /Hz)
4
3
g=1.010(5)
T1=0.995
2
T2=0.015
F=0.02
1
0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
Bias current (A)
30 years Quantronics
Djukic, JMvR, Nano Lett. 6, 789 (2006)
24
Benzenedithiol-Au junctions
Y Kim, T Pietsch, A. Erbe, W Belzig & E. Scheer,
Nano Lett 11, 3734 (2011)
30 years Quantronics
25
Thiol-terminated Zn-porphyrin molecules
30 years Quantronics
26
Observation of “Mechanical Gating”
30 years Quantronics
Perrin, Verzijl, Martin, Shaikhl, Eelkema, van Esch, JMvR, Thijssen, van
der Zant & Dulic, Nature Nanotechnology 8, 282 (2013)
27
Negative differential conductance
Perrin, Frisenda, Koole, Seldenthuis, Celis Gil, Valkenier, Hummelen, Renaud, Grozema,
Thijssen, Dulic & van der Zant, Nature Nanotechnology 9, 380 (2014)
30 years Quantronics
28
Low-temperature STM
Delft sept 2014
29
STM control: The game
x
y
z
feedback
Delft sept 2014
Force field
simulation
30
30 years Quantronics
31
30 years Quantronics
32
A chain of metal atoms
.
2
conductance (2e /h)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
displacement (Å)
Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Molecular dynamics simulation
Sørensen, Brandbyge and Jacobsen, PRB
57, 3283 (1998)
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
Os Ir Pt Au Hg
30 years Quantronics
33
Foton-gestuurd schakelen van één
molecuul
30 years Quantronics
34
Groep Bart van Wees,
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Shell structure in atomic nanowires
1.5
Counts
Sodium, 80 K
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
50
100
150
2
Conductance [2e /h]
30 years Quantronics
35
Current induced single-atom switching
30 years Quantronics
Schirm et al. Nature Nanotechnol. 8, 645 (2013)
36
Destruction of quantum interference
by current heating
Ballmann,…, Weber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 056801 (2012)
30 years Quantronics
37
Comparison of conductance of alkanes
with theory
30 years Quantronics
38