Lead pollution in the urban area in Torreón, Mexico

Informe Proyecto UCMEXUS-CONACYT:
Lead pollution in the urban area in
Torreón, Mexico
Dr. Martín Federico Soto Jiménez
Inv. Tit. ‘B’ ICMYL-UNAM, S.N.I. Nivel 2
Dr. Arthur Russell Flegal, Professor UCSC
UC MEXUS
Atmospheric emmisions of metals
Smelter activities are the most important source of
metals to the environment
Mexico is not the exception
Met-Mex: a huge metallurgical complex in Torreo
Proyecto UCMEXUS Colaborative Grants Program.
‘Assessing water lead contamination in Torreón, México:
A lead isotope ratio study’. Julio 2004 a Diciembre 2006.
1). Ag-Cd-Pb-Zn
ores
2). Mineral
concentrates
2). Atmospheric
emmisions
3). Urban
environmetal
samples,
including
groundwater, air,
soils, outdoor and
indoor dust
Isotopic composition of lead in lead ores
1.22
Minas de Pb
Mexicanas
Avino
206Pb/207Pb
1.21
1.20
Parral
Velardena
Zacatecas
Real de Angeles
IMAGEN ALUSIVA
Naica
1.19
La Paz
Fresnillo
Francisco I. MaderoSabinas
Zimapan
Encantada
Taxco
Pachuca
Ojuela
Linea de tendencia de las
minas de Pb mexicano
Santa Eulalia
Minas de Pb mas
productivas
Dos Marias
1.18
Minas de Pb menos
productivas
Minas de Pb de
Met-Mex
1.17
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
208Pb/207Pb
2.49
2.50
Volumen (toneladas)
3.0E+06
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
3T 2006
2.5E+06
2.0E+06
1.5E+06
N
1.0E+06
5.0E+05
a
pa
Mapa 1. Depósitos de Pb en la zona centro-norte de México (ILZSG, 1984
de
lP
la
t
Ti
za
Bi
sm
C
ie
ar
k
ga
na
da
ta
Re
y
La
La
En
ca
n
in
a
s
o
ad
M
F.
I.
im
/Z
te
Sa
b
er
an
ap
ca
N
ai
on
El
M
0.1
Pb
207
208
1.0
0.02
0.5
204/206
204/207
206/207
208/207
0.0
0
Proano/Fresnillo
NAICA
El
Monte/Zimapan
Francisco I.
Madero
Minas procesadas
Sabinas
La Encantada
Pb,
0.04
207
1.5
Pb/
204
Pb,
206
Pb/
204
2.0
0.06
Pb/
2.5
0.08
Pb/
207
Pb
3.0
206
Pr
o
an
o/
Fr
e
sn
i
llo
0.0E+00
Composición
Isotópicas de
Pb de las minas
procesadas por
Met-Mex
Collecting samples sites
Población
infinita:
2
Z p (1 − p )
ss =
c2
Población finita:
Nss =
ss
ss − 1
1+
Pob
Sampling collection
Colecta de muestras
Tec Laguna E-3
Non impacted sites
Sediments from Durango
dam.
Natural rocks from Sierra
Madre Occidental (4.5 km
W de Met-Mex).
Processing and analysis of
Samples in UCSC
Total DIGESTION: HCI,
HNO3, HF y H3BO4 en
bombas de digestión y
Mod-Block.
Sequential
selective
extractions(Tessier et
al., 1979):
Many other
analysis
arancillary
FAAS y GFAAS
Pb analysis
HR-ICP-MS Finnigan Element
MC-ICP-MS Finnigan Neptune
Isótopos estables de Pb:
204Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/207Pb
y 208Pb/207Pb
Thermofinnigan Neptune MC-ICP-MS
Results
Longitud
103.39
103.40
103.41
103.42
103.43
103.44
103.45
103.46
Río Naza
s-Aguana
val
1.41 a 2.05
mg de Pb h-1
-2
130 g Pb m h
>4 km
30 g Pb m-2 h-1
-2
360 g Pb m h
-1
x
-Me
Met
-1
-2
100 g Pb m h
-1
103.47
L atitu d
Plomo en agua subterránea
Torreón
Longitud
25.61
Nazas river
25.59
Latitud
25.57
Torreón City
25.55
25.53
Met-Mex
smelter complex
Sierra
de las Noas
25.51
25.49
-103.5
-103.47
-103.44
-103.41
-103.38
-103.35
-103.32
Longitud
Plomo en aguas subterráneas de pozos explotados en la
zona urbana de Torreón, México
25.59
Plomo (ppm) en polvos urbanos
25.58
N
1999
25.57
O
E
25.56
S
0
50 0
0
2 0 00
4 0 00
60 0010,000
80
10
00
25.55
20,000
30,000
25.54
20,000
30,000
40,000
25.53
500
1000
25.5
Kilometros
25.48
1
2
3
4
5
500-1,000
1,000-2,000
2,000-3,000
4,000-5,000
25.51
0
<500 mg/kg
3,000-4,000
25.52
25.49
Benin, DGEE, UNAM,
1995 1999 2006
6
5,000-10,000
>10,000
Pb emitido a la atmsofera (ton.)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2006
2006
Tasas estimadas
2004
2004
de emisión
2002
2002
de Pb por Met-Mex
2000
Intervención
de PROFEPA
1999
1998
1998
Producción de Pb
Emisión de Pb E1*
Emisión de Pb E2*
1996
Basado en los factores de
emisión de Pb abatido y
limitado (615 y 98 kg/Ton para
Inco y 500 y 150 kg/Ton para
Pacyna) y los volúmenes de
producción de Met-Mex.
2000
1996
1994
1994
1992
1992
1990
100
1990
120
140
160
180
Produccion de Pb (miles de ton.)
200
Pb del área urbana de Torreón: 1995, 1999 y 2005-6.
25.59
Kilometros
25.58
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
25.57
25.56
25.55
25.54
25.53
25.52
25.51
25.5
25.49
100-786 µ g/g
787-1,227 µ g/g
1,228-2,447 µ g/g
2,448-4,883 µ g/g
4,884-13,231 µ g/g
13,232-50,000 µ g/g
Met-Mex Peñoles
Calles de Torreón
Bennin, 1995
DGEEC, 1999
ICMyL, 2005-2006
25.48
-103.5 -103.49 -103.48 -103.47 -103.46 -103.45 -103.44 -103.43 -103.42 -103.41
-103.4
-103.39 -103.38 -103.37 -103.36
Pb ambiente-salud
P b d u s t (µ g /g )
16000
Median
25%-75%
Non-Outlier Range
12000
8000
4000
Superfound clean
level 500 g/g
µ
Regional background
level 15-35 g/g
µ
0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Distance (km)
5.0
6.0
Publicada en El Siglo de Torreón
30
20
P b b lo o d
(µ g
d L
-1
)
25
15
10
5
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Distance (km)
4.5
5.0
Study case: ARM
Lead effects scale
Mental retardation,deficits in
language, cognitive function,
balance, behavior and school
performance.
80
-1
Lead blood concentration (µg dL )
Overt serious toxicity,
encephalopathy, altered
mental status, and coma.
Anemia, renal insufficiency,
abdominal colic, and
constipation.
3 yr old
70
60
50
5 yr old
7 yr old
9 yr old
Hospitalized
Medical intervention,
3 months
relocate a new home nondirectly affected
Oral chelation therapy.
40
Averaged concentration
30
20 Chelation therapy?
Level of health concern for children (WHO, SSA, CDC ).
10
Chelation therapy?
0
1-Jan- 20-Jul- 5-Feb- 231127- 15-Apr-1-Nov- 20- 6-Dec- 23-Jun- 9-Jan- 28-Jul- 13-Feb99
99
00 Aug-00Mar-01Sep-01 02
02 May-03 03
04
05
05
06
Analyses date
Other metals in the urban environment
25.59
Arsénico (ppm) en polvo de calles
25.58
25.57
25.56
25.55
25.54
25.53
300
400
25.52
25.51
25.5
25.49
25.48
-103.5
-103.48
-103.46
-103.44
-103.42
-103.4
-103.38
-103.36
25.59
Cadmio (ppm) en polvo de calles
25.58
25.57
25.56
25.55
25.54
25.53
25.52
25.51
25.5
25.49
25.48
-103.5
-103.48
-103.46
-103.44
-103.42
-103.4
-103.38
-103.36
Perspectives
Sabbatical leave:
Agosto 2011-Julio 2012
Harvard University
School of Public Health
Deparment of Environmental Health
Urban Environmental Health
Project
Harvard School of Public Health (Dept. of
Environmental Health) has been awarded a
four-year, $11 million grant from the
National Institute for Environmental Health
Sciences to establish a Superfund
Research Program.
 Torreón (México) will be adopted as a
Superfund Site.

Urban Environmental Health
Project: questions in Torreon
Relationship between lead pollution and
violence in Mexico.
 Relationship between metals (Pb, Al, As,
Cd) and neurodegenerative diseases (per
example Aluminum-Alzheimer
 Relationships between metals (As, Cd, Mn
and Pb) and autoimmune (LES or lupus)

Acknowledgments:
UCMEXUS-CONACYT
Posdoctoral Fellowship (UCSC 2003-2004)
Martin F. Soto-Jiménez, Sharon A. Hibdon, Charley W. Rankin, A. Carolina Ruiz-Fernandez
, Federico Paez-Osuna and A. Russell Flegal. Chronicling a century of lead contamination
in Mexico: Stable isotopic composition analyses of dated sediment cores. Environmental
Sciences and Technology 40, 764-770.
Soto-Jimenez M.F. and Páez-Osuna F. 2008. Diagenetic processes on metals in mud flat
sediments from a subtropical saltmarsh (SE Gulf of California): postdepositional mobility
and geochemical fractions. Applied Geochemistry 23: 1202–1217.
Martin F. Soto-Jiménez, Federico Páez-Osuna, Genine Scelfo, Sharon Hibdon, Rob Franks,
Jugdeep Aggarawl, A. Russell Flegal. 2008. Lead pollution in subtropical ecosystems on
the SE Gulf of California Coast: A study of concentrations and isotopic composition.
Marine Environmental Research 66: 451–458.
Soto-Jiménez M. F. and Páez-Osuna F. 2009. A first approach to study the mobility and
behavior of lead in hypersaline salt marsh sediments: Diffusive and advective fluxes, geochemical
partitioning and Pb isotopes. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 104 (3): 87-96.
Martin F. Soto-Jiménez, A. Russell Flegal. 2009. Origin of lead in the Gulf of California
Ecoregion using stable isotope analysis. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 101: 66-74.
Acknowledgments:
UCMEXUS-CONACYT
Collaborative Project Grant (2005-2006): two graduate students, two
undergradutae students thesis and two mentioned papers