Nadaka Vegetaton Management Plan

Nadaka Nature Park Vegetation
Management Plan
October 11, 2010
City of Gresham
Urban Design & Planning
Department of Environmental Services
1333 NW Eastman Parkway
Gresham, OR 97030
Table of Contents
I
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 3
Purpose ............................................................................................................... 4
Grants.................................................................................................................. 4
Property Report ............................................................................................... 5
II
Resource Inventory ....................................................................................................... 6
Soil & Hydrology............................................................................................... 6
Current Management Practices..................................................................... 6
Maintenance Costs ........................................................................................... 6
III
Summary of Management Plan .................................................................................... 7
Management Goals ........................................................................................... 7
Landscape Management Recommendations ............................................... 8
Volunteer Priorities........................................................................................13
Staff Priorities ..................................................................................................13
Monitoring Recommendations ....................................................................14
IV
Appendices.....................................................................................................................15
A
Vicinity Map with Tax Lots
B
Nadaka and Nelson Property Aerial Map
C
2001 Nadaka Open Space Master Plan
D
Nadaka Work Zones Map
E
Nelson Property Neighborhood Park Master Plan
F
Oregon State Forestry Pathology Report
G
Native Species Plant Restoration List
H
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Guidelines
I
Rain Garden Plant Palettes
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
Introduction
The 10-acre Nadaka Nature Park has been expanded by adding the 2-acre Nelson
Property. Although part of the same park these two areas will have very different
landscape characteristics and programmed uses.
The original 10 acres of the Nadaka Nature Park is designated as Open Space and
consists of natural areas. It is noted for its dense forest and meadow features, such as
Douglas fir trees, red huckleberries and a network of trails that encircle the property.
In 1995 the City acquired the “Campfire Property” otherwise known as “Nadaka” for
the purpose of open space. Previously the property had been used as a Nature Day
Kamp (Na-da-ka) by the Campfire organization. A Nadaka Master Plan was adopted in
April 2001. (Appendix C – 2001 Nadaka Open Space Master Plan) A ¼-mile softsurfaced loop trail and other minor improvements were constructed in September
2001. Nadaka was opened to the public shortly thereafter.
The Nelson Property was acquired in 2009 to complement the natural areas of Nadaka
open space, yet create its own identify to be developed as a neighborhood park.
Figure 1 - Nadaka and Nelson Properties
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
Purpose
The purpose of the Nadaka Nature Park Vegetation Management Plan is to protect and
restore the 10-acre natural area and to use best landscape management and
sustainability practices for the 2-acre Nelson Property neighborhood park area. This
management plan provides a record of existing natural features on the site (including
soils, hydrology and natural communities), current management practices and
recommendations for future habitat and restoration improvements.
Resource
information is attached in the appendices.
The Nadaka Nature Park Open Space plant communities consist of forest and meadow.
The majority of forest habitat in Gresham has been reduced through logging, agriculture,
fire suppression and urban development. The Nadaka Nature Park Open Space is a
remnant forest and one of the few City owned natural areas and designated Open Space
not located in the buttes or along creeks.
The Nelson Property would generally be classified as a meadow. It has been vacant since
1995 when a 900 square foot residence was demolished. In the future it will be
developed as a neighborhood park with a community garden, playground, picnic tables
and park landscape features. (Appendix A – Vicinity Map)
Grants
In 2009 the Wilkes East Neighborhood Association (WENA) applied for and received a
Metro Parks & Greenspaces Nature in Neighborhoods Capital Grant to be used
towards the purchase of the adjacent 2-acre Nelson Property for use as a public park.
A second grant was received from the East Multnomah Soil & Water Conservation
District (EMSWCD) to also be applied towards the purchase of the property.
Both Metro and EMSWCD each required separate Inter-Governmental Agreements
(IGAs) as a condition to purchase the Nelson Property. Both IGAs had additional
requirements which provided a framework for the master planning of the Nelson
Property. (Appendix B – Nadaka and Nelson Property Aerial Map)
Metro’s requirements:
• To safeguard water quality in local rivers and streams.
• To protect and enhance fish and wildlife habitats.
• To promote partnerships that protects and enhances nature in neighborhoods.
• To increase the presence of ecological systems and plant and animal
communities in nature-deficient and other disadvantaged neighborhoods.
• Completion of a Vegetation Management Plan for the Nadaka and Nelson
properties.
EMSCWD’s requirements:
• Conserve soil and water resources, reduce soil erosion, improve water quality
and improve watershed health.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
• Manage and maintain…as a public park for gardens, orchards and preservation of
natural area. Dedicate no less than 1/3 of the (site) exclusively to the
establishment and maintenance of community agriculture.
• Use of any portion of the site for intensive forms of recreation, including but not
limited to ball fields, dog parks, basketball, or skate parks, is specifically excluded.
• The City shall manage the site using appropriate sustainability practices and
materials. This includes but is not limited to avoidance or minimization of the
use of toxic substances, consideration of product life-cycle issues in design, and
purchasing decisions and effective control of invasive species.
City Council approved the Nelson Property Neighborhood Park Master Plan on June 1,
2010. (Appendix E - Nelson Property Neighborhood Park Master Plan)
Property Report
Location
Nadaka Nature Park Open Space with the added Nelson Property creates a combined
12-acre site in north central Gresham, Oregon. It is located west of 181st Avenue,
north of Glisan Road and south of Pacific Street. It is at an elevation of 250 feet in the
southeast corner of Township 1N, Range 3E, Section 31 in Multnomah County.
Ownership
The Nadaka Nature Park consists of six tax lots (R #s 859205410, 859205810,
859205800, 943311370) from the original 10-acre Nadaka Open Space and two tax lots
(R #s 943310160 and 94331050) from the Nelson Property.
Current Land Use Zoning
The 10-acre Nadaka Open Space is zoned Low Density Residential-5 and Transit Low
Density Residential which allow single-family dwellings at 8.71 and 20.0 units per acre,
respectively. The 2-acre Nelson Property is zoned Corridor Multi-Family which allows
attached dwellings at 12 to 24 units per acre.
Resource Inventory
Soil & Hydrology
The soils are classified as # 30A – Multnomah-Urban Land Complex by the USDA. The
soil profile depths are silt loam: 0 to 8 inches, silt loam: 8-39 inches and very gravelly
sand at a depth of 39 to 60 inches. Drainage class: well drained. Depth to water table:
more than 80 inches.
Gresham receives 40-50 inches of rainfall a year, with the majority occurring from
November to May. December is typically the rainiest month.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
The Nadaka Nature Park Open Space and added Nelson Property are located within
the Columbia Slough Watershed.
Current Management Practices
City Parks Operations staff responds to hazard trees and more routine activities such as
litter, graffiti and other social problems on an as-needed basis. Approximately 80% of
Nadaka Open Space is forested and the remaining 20% meadow, whereas the Nelson
Property is almost exclusively meadow. Tall grass mowing in the Nadaka meadow and
the Nelson Property is done 2-3 times a year to keep grasses less than 10” in height for
fire suppression. Since 2001, Gresham Parks Operations, County prison work crews,
students from H.B. Lee Middle School and later the Wilkes East Neighborhood
Association (WENA) have removed invasive plants. WENA currently organizes regular
work parties to remove invasive plants such as English Ivy (Hedera helix), English Holly
(Ilex aquifolium) and English Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus). In fall 2009, WENA started
replanting efforts with native trees and shrubs at Nadaka.
Access to Nadaka Open Space is currently through a single pedestrian entrance along
the Pacific Street frontage to the north. A chain-link fence with a locked gate is located
on the southern boundary between Nadaka and the Nelson Property. Access to the
Nelson Property is from Glisan Street. The Master Plan for the Nelson Property
Neighborhood Park identifies the removal of the chain-link fence separating the two
properties. This action will allow for increased public safety and improved access to
Nadaka. In the interim, the locked gate will be opened for pedestrian use.
Current Maintenance Costs
Parks funding comes from the City’s General Fund. Until the neighborhood park is
constructed, the entire 12-acres can be maintained as a natural area at an annual cost of
$8,832. This is based on a $736/acre unit cost.
Developed parks require more intense maintenance than natural areas. When the 2acre Nelson Property Neighborhood Park is developed, the annual maintenance cost is
expected to be approximately $12,000, based on a $6,164/acre unit cost. This does not
include coordination of the community garden, which is expected to be accomplished by
volunteers.
When the costs for a built-out Nelson Property neighborhood park are added to the
costs for maintaining the Nadaka Open Space, the annual costs for maintenance of the
Nadaka Nature Park will be about $20,000.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
Summary of Management Plan
Future management of the site should incorporate a balance of protection of natural
areas as well as future park development, including restoration of the site and creating
diversity for native wildlife, as well as providing passive recreation.
The Nelson Property is to be developed as a neighborhood park. An adopted master
plan identifies a community garden and orchards, garden shed, berry patches, eco-lawn,
meadows, rain gardens, nature-based playground, pervious-surfaced pathways,
community gathering spot, picnic tables, benches, restroom and native landscape
plantings. All of the existing mature Douglas Fir trees are to be retained and landscape
features are designed around the trees. (See Appendix E)
At Nadaka Nature Park natural area, encroachment by invasive plant species is a
continued threat. Approximately 13% of the Douglas Fir trees have been diagnosed with
Laminated Root Rot (LRR) disease. Succession plantings will be required for the longterm health of the forest. Habitat and wildlife monitoring will ensure that the goals and
recommendations of the management plan are met.
Both Nadaka Open Space and the Nelson property have designated meadow areas.
Existing meadows on each property are comprised of invasive non-natives grasses that
are mowed. Over time these weedy areas can be replaced with native bunchgrasses
and wildflowers, improving wildlife habitat and overall aesthetics while reducing
maintenance.
Management Goals
The Nadaka Nature Park Vegetation Management Plan was developed from a public
involvement process. Public meetings included:
• January 14, 2010 – Joint meeting of the Parks & Recreation and Urban Forestry
Advisory Subcommittees
• January 20, 2010 - Community Forum 1
• February 22, 2010 - Urban Forestry Subcommittee
• March 11, 2010 - Parks & Recreation Subcommittee
• March 31, 2010 - Community Forum 2
• June 10, 2010 – Parks & Recreation Advisory Subcommittee
• June 21, 2010 – Urban Forestry Subcommittee
Seven management plan goals were established:
1. Prioritize management and monitoring of site according to available financial
resources.
2. Improvement of habitat and ecological values.
3. Retention of healthy Douglas Firs on the Nelson Property.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
4. Removal of infested Douglas Firs with Laminated Root Rot disease; replanting
with appropriate species.
5. Closure of informal trails to decrease fragmentation of site for plants and
wildlife.
6. Fire prevention.
7. Develop volunteer and staff priorities.
Landscape Management Recommendations
Management recommendations are organized to create a viable, diverse habitat for
native wildlife and plant populations. The 12-acres are divided into five distinct zones:
forest, meadow, community garden, eco-lawn and park landscape. Nadaka Nature Park
natural area has forest and meadow. The Nelson Property will have meadow, eco-lawn,
community garden and park landscape zones.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
1. Forest. The forest will be managed to increase re-generation. Thinning
conifers improves growth rates and health. However, a few native species such
as pines and oaks do not naturally respond well to pruning. The creation of
snags and downed logs helps to improve wildlife habitat. Thinning also allows for
diversity of insects, birds and mammals. Leaving some dense shrub patches
improves wildlife habitat cover. Thinning understory growth around the Nadaka
perimeter will also address neighborhood fire concerns. Unwanted spur trails
will be decommissioned by blocking access off with woody debris and infill
plantings of native trees and shrubs to further improve habitat.
Major invasive species include Hedera helix (English Ivy), Prunus laurocerasus
(English Laurel) and Rubus discolor (Himalayan Blackberry). These are all invasive,
aggressive species and should be eradicated. Root systems also need to be
removed as they are able to regenerate and compete for and overtake native
plant habitat. Management of invasives includes hand pulling, cutting, mowing and
spot chemical applications.
Laminated Root Rot (LRR) disease caused by the fungus Phellinus weirii has
been identified on some Nadaka Douglas Fir trees. (Appendix G – State Forestry
Pathology Report) This fungus is widespread in Southern British Columbia,
Washington, Oregon, northern California and western Montana. It is believed to
have co-evolved with its hosts and is a natural and perhaps even necessary part
of forest ecosystems. The name comes from the lamination of the decayed
wood. This disease is the most dangerous root disease in regards to tree failure.
Primary hosts are Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), White Fir (Abies concolor),
Grand Fir (Abies grandis) and Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana).
A yellow and/or thinning canopy is an indicator that the tree has been infected.
Trees may produce large crops of stress-induced smallish cones a year or two
before death. Small trees usually die soon after showing the first signs of
infection, whereas larger trees often live for decades after showing early
symptoms. Live infected trees can be windblown with exposed decayed roots,
often having broken close to the root collar, leaving only stubs. While it may
take years, this disease is eventually fatal and there is no cure. It is transmitted
by root-to-root contact and can remain in stumps for up to 50 years. Fungus in
the soil can further infect healthy trees. Infected live trees, dead trees and snags
should be removed to prevent further infection. As a prevention measure, all
Douglas Fir trees and seedlings should be removed within a 30 foot radius of an
infected tree.
LRR-infected Douglas Firs within 140 feet of park boundaries are higher priority
for removal to prevent infected trees from possibly falling on surrounding houses
or onto Pacific Street. (Appendix F - Forestry Pathology Report) Infected trees
in the park interior are at less risk of falling on structures and have a lesser
priority for removal. A total of 38 trees have been identified that are infected
with LRR. 18 infected trees have been identified within the 140 foot setback,
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
with 12 of those trees within a 100 foot setback. An additional 20 infected trees
have been identified within the interior of the park. Trees have been tagged in
the field. With hundreds of trees on the property, not every tree within Nadaka
Nature Park was checked for LRR. As trees are removed, adjacent trees should
also be checked for infection. Infected trees may die standing or they may fall
while the crown appears healthy. Tree Removal/Replacement/Protection
requirements are identified in Section 9.1010 of the City of Gresham
Community Development Code, Volume 3.
There is no need to remove or destroy existing fallen trees as they pose no risk
of spreading LRR disease. Fallen trees will provide food and shelter for wildlife.
Branches and limbs may be considered wildfire hazard and should be disposed of
off-site properly. The Nelson Property trees have not been infected, and are
sufficiently set back from the infected Nadaka trees that they should not
contract the disease provided proper management takes place.
Ecological succession refers to changes in the composition of an ecological
community, such as a forest or a meadow. When a landscape is modified it
allows for other species to be incorporated into the area. This process is
typically initiated either by formation of new habitat (i.e. landslide or lava flow)
or by a disturbance (i.e. fire, severe winds, insect and disease infestations or
logging). When Douglas firs are removed, either by nature or by man, the forest
canopy opens, allowing sunlight to the forest floor and exotic species to gain a
foothold and crowd out emerging natives. New, nursery-stock natives need to
be ready for replanting. Autumn is the best time of year for this task, as it is the
start of the rainy season. Newly planted vegetation requires irrigation to keep
the roots moist and establish root growth.
Appropriate native species
compatible with the environment have been selected.
(Appendix G –
Restoration Plant Species List) Succession plantings will be needed to
compensate for the removal of existing trees and to maintain a diverse and
dense canopy. In addition to LRR, unplanted areas increase chances for
hazardous wind-throw from easterly Gorge winds during the winter months.
Succession species include Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), Ponderosa Pine,
(Pinus ponderosa), and Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum).
Establishment of new forest is accomplished in stages. After trees have been
established after several growing seasons and are able to provide shade, shrubs
can be introduced. A good mixture of shrubs includes Red Flowering Current
(Ribes sanguineum), Vine Maple (Acer circinatum), Salal (Gaultheria shallon),
Western Mock Orange (Philadelphus lewisii), Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium),
Cascade Mahonia (Mahonia nervosa), Nootka Rose (Rosa nutkana) and Indian
Plum (Oemleria cerasiformis). Careful siting of appropriately-sized plant materials
for natural areas and park boundaries should be considered for view lines both
onsite and off. All plants should be mulched 2-3 feet in diameter and up to 6
inches deep with bark chips to reduce weeds and conserve moisture to the root
zone.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
2. Meadow. Meadows provide good bird nesting and feeding habitat, are
attractive during the flowering season, protect watersheds with their deep roots,
are drought tolerant and once established require no irrigation and only
occasional weeding.
Native bunchgrasses grow in open “clumps” rather than as a dense groundcover,
allowing room for native wildflowers to grow in-between the sections of
groundcover. Some appropriate Willamette Valley species suitable for Nadaka
and the Nelson Property include Red Fescue (Festuca rubra), Idaho Fescue
(Festuca idahoensis), California Oatgrass (Danthonia californica) and Blue Wild Rye
(Elymus glaucus). There is a wide selection of species of wildflowers appropriate
to plant in a meadow. (Appendix G - Natives Species Restoration List).
Weeding of exotics and selective removal of any natives not desired in this
location would replace mowing.
The southern, sunny edge of the Nadaka Nature Park Open Space is currently a
meadow of mowed weeds and other herbaceous invasives. The edges of the
meadow will be further defined by sporadic planting of large trees; too many
trees would shade the meadow so only a few additional trees are required.
Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana) are
appropriate choices as they grow slowly and will not over-shade the area. These
species were recently selected by Friends of Trees and were planted as part of
the April 17, 2010 Nadaka Earth Day event. Tree care should include watering,
staking and mulching during the establishment period, followed by pruning and
thinning.
The Nelson Property Neighborhood Park Master Plan has identified two
meadow areas north and south of the central eco-lawn. The meadow areas will
dissolve the historical boundary between Nadaka and the Nelson Property, open
up both properties and provide a seamless transition. In keeping with providing
healthy and diverse habitat, these areas should be planted with native
bunchgrasses and wildflowers for this sunnier environment. Meadows have a
habit of succeeding rapidly to forest if seedlings and encroachments are not
removed.
3. Eco-Lawn. The eco-lawn is a central design feature of the Nelson Property
Neighborhood park site. Prepare the existing weedy area by removal of existing
non-native grasses, incorporation of organic material and overseeding with
“Fleur de lawn”1 or an equivalent seed mixture with a 1 lb/1,000 square feet
application. Fleur de lawn is a substitute for the traditional lawn, requires
minimal irrigation once established, is self-fertilizing and requires only monthly
mowing. Fleur de lawn contains a dwarf perennial rye, PR 8820 with short
“Fleur de lawn” is a proprietary eco-lawn seed mix by Hobbs and Hobbs, Portland, Oregon. Other
low-growing, drought-tolerant, lawn substitute seed mixes may be considered.
1
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
height and fine texture and is a good background for the mixture of English Daisy
(Bellis perennis), Baby Blue Eyes (Nemophila menziesii), Dwarf Yarrow (Achillea
millefolium), and O’Connor’s Strawberry Clover (Trifolium fragiferum), a legume
that provides nitrogen into the soil.
4. Community Garden. The 2-acre Nelson property will devote a minimum of
1/3 of the site, or 28,000 square feet, to “community agriculture” consisting of a
community garden, orchards and public berry patches. Management practices
for this site will avoid pesticides, herbicides and other chemical applications – as
do all community gardens in Gresham. All fertilizers and other soil additives will
be organic such as bone and blood meal, lime, etc. Day-to-day care of these
features will be the responsibility of community garden tenants and volunteers.
Parks Operations staff will service these areas on an as-needed basis.
Community gardens are currently administered from the Office of Governance
and Management. Contact them at 503-618-2482 for the latest Community
Gardens packet.
Originally developed for agricultural pest management, Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) programs have been developed for diseases, weeds, and
other pests that interfere with lawn and turf areas, home, public landscapes,
community gardens and natural areas. An IPM regime can be simple or
sophisticated depending upon the desired level of service. IPM is designed
around six basic components: acceptable pest levels; selective varieties;
monitoring; mechanical controls; biological controls; and natural chemical
controls. (Appendix H – Integrated Pest Management Guidelines)
5. Park Landscape. Other Nelson Property landscape features will utilize native
plantings in the perimeter areas and a combination of natives and non-natives in
the rain gardens. An existing windbreak of Douglas Fir and Ponderosa Pine is
planted along the western property line between the Nelson Property and St.
Aidan’s Church. These trees are over-planted and are currently crowding one
another. The windbreak would benefit from selective thinning and removal of
some trees. Allowing the windbreak to remain as it is could impact the Nelson
Property, especially the West Rain Garden feature due to heavy needle drop.
As part of the future Nelson Property Neighborhood Park development, a
shared parking agreement utilizing the eastern St. Aidan’s Church parking lot is
envisioned. When this Agreement is authored, it should include a provision for
the selective removal of some trees by the City.
The two rain gardens will be designed to capture stormwater run-off from going
off-site. Plant species will be selected that accept periodic flooding and drought
conditions. Maintenance of the rain gardens is minimal; however, plant materials
and soil may need to be removed and replaced approximately every 10 years
due to accumulated sediment build-up. (Appendix I - Rain Garden Plant Palettes)
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
All of the above will coincide with sustainable design features of the Nelson Property
including permeable pavement, minimal lawn, nature-based play areas and possible “ecoroofs” on park structures such as garden sheds and restrooms.
Volunteer Priorities
Volunteer efforts over the years have been successful in the hand-removal of invasive
plants. Clearing began with ivy removal in the northeast corner of Nadaka Nature Park
and has continued in a counter-clockwise direction through the park removing all
unwanted species. WENA has largely been responsible for most of these efforts. This
increased in 2009 with work parties scheduled on a monthly basis during the growing
season. SOLV has also partnered with the City, bringing large numbers of volunteers
for an annual Earth Day clean-up. The Office of Governance and Management currently
administers the Adopt-A-Park/Trail programs. Contact them at 503-618-2482 for the
latest volunteer program handbook.
The Nadaka Work Zones Map (Appendix D) places Nadaka on a 160’X160’ grid,
designating specific work areas and priorities. Each scheduled work day will include
invasive plant removal and “back-tracking” (i.e., going back through where previous
clearing has taken place and removal of any additional new growth). This will protect
any new plantings from becoming overgrown and choked-out. In those areas where
Laminated Root Rot (LRR) has been identified, no new plantings will occur until infected
LRR trees are removed. This practice will minimize potential damage or loss of new
plantings during the tree removal process.
The following tasks are recommended as priorities:
1. Continued Nadaka Open Space invasive plant removal.
2. Re-plant LRR infected zones with appropriate succession plantings.
3. Plant native shrubs and trees on unwanted, fragmented perimeter trail segments.
4. Plant trees around Nadaka Open Space meadow.
5. Plant native bunchgrasses and wildflowers in meadow areas. This should
coincide with development of the Nelson Property meadows.
6. Plant and maintain the community orchard. Efforts should coincide with the
development of the community garden.
Staff Priorities
As resources allow, staff shall remove LRR-infected trees and replant those areas that
have been cleared. First priority for removal are those LRR-infected trees within 140
feet of the perimeter.
The meadow areas should continue to be mown 2-3 times a year, keeping the grass
down to 10 inches for aesthetics and for fire suppression. At such time the meadows
are re-planted with native bunch grasses and wildflowers, care should be given to
maintain the areas for wildlife enhancement. The edge of tall plant materials should be
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
setback 5 feet from all pathways and sidewalks to prevent tripping hazards and minimize
pruning for encroachments.
Monitoring Recommendations
The State Department of Forestry recommends that an arborist come in every one or
two years to monitor for Laminated Root Rot disease on the Douglas Fir trees. To
investigate if a tree has been infected, soil should be removed from the base of the tree;
a white fungus on the roots indicates infection. Further examination is done with a hand
lens, looking for the presence of red filaments in decayed wood that appear as small
“whiskers.” Fresh tree stumps will have a stain, typically reddish brown to chocolate
brown. Very infected trees will be hollow.
Invasive plants can occur in any plant community. Parks Operations staff and volunteers
should continue to remove blackberries, laurel, holly and other unwanted species in the
forested area and remove as time and resources allow. When the meadows, eco-lawn,
community garden and general park landscape features are developed, these areas will
also require weeding. The Adopt-A-Park Program has been a good resource for both
the City and the public to work together for a common cause.
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Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
Appendices
15
Nadaka Vegetation Management Plan
NE 177TH AVE
NE 176T H AVE
NE
17
8T
H
NE 175T H AVE
Appendix A
A
NADAKA
N AT U R E
PA R K
NE 174TH AVE
NE 173RD AVE
NE 177TH PL
NE PACIF IC ST
NE
R859205410
NE IRVING ST
R859205810
NE SA N DY
BLVD
§
¦
¨
84
E DR
NE 178TH AVE
D
DR
NE 176TH AVE
RD
ER
GN
NT
RE
E L L B LV
IE
SE
E POW
OR
SW TOWLE AVE
NE DIVIS ION ST
NE GLISAN ST
SE
SE 190TH DR
W POW ELL BLV D
NE L S O N
PR O P E R T I E S
NE KAN
NW DIV ISION ST
RD
SE HOGAN RD
SE STARK ST
NW
BUR
NSI
DE
SE PALMB LAD RD
SE KA NE DR
SE 182ND AVE
NE GLISAN ST
E BURN S IDE ST
NE HO GA N
DR
NE HALSEY ST
R943310520
IN E DR
R94 3311 370
NE M AR
R943310160
R859205800
®
VICINITY MAP
0
100
200
Feet
OR
EG
O
NE GLISAN ST
NELSON PROPERTY
(FUTURE NEIGHBORHOOD
PARK)
OPEN SPACE
O
RE
GO
N ST
GLISAN
0
202ND
GLISAN
50
PALMQUIST
POWEL L
100
Feet
®
25
BUTL ER
POWELL
STARK
DIVISION
HALSEY
KANE
LUSTED
Plot date: 24 August 2009
This map is based on digital databases from the City of Gresham. The
City cannot accept any responsibility for errors, omissions, or positional
accuracy. There are no warranties, expressed or implied.
BURNSIDE
MARINE
SANDY
I84-18
1S T
I84 I84
S
File: \\alpha1_lan\cog\Inter-Departmental\MapsAndData\Projects\2009\1100_1199\1108\ MapDocs\Nedakaplus-Aerial.mxd
NE IRVING ST
NE 174TH AVE
GIS
NADAKA
NATURE
PARK
181ST
182ND
NADAKA NATURE PARK
162ND
GRESHAM
MAIN
NE PACIFIC ST
HOGAN
Appendix B
PLEASANT VIEW
190TH
TOWLE
223RD
CIVIC
EAST MAN
NER
REG
RT
PALMBLAD
BE
282ND
RO
NT
IE
OR
HWY 26
NE
NE 178TH AVE
NE 177TH PL
Appendix C
Appendix D
Nadaka Open Space Work Zone Map
Appendix E
SITE PLAN
Nadaka Nature Park
5
8
Nelson Property
2
3
11
1
9
16
10
15
Apartments
Church
11
7
8
6
4
3
13
13
11
10
10
14
12
12
Legend
NE Glisan Street
1 - Community Garden
2 - Potting Shed / Storage Bin
3 - Tot Play Area
4 - Picnic Table
5 - Orchard
6 - Restroom
7 - Nature-Based Playground
Light
8 - Meadow
Nelson Property Master Plan
9 - Eco-Lawn
10 - Rain Garden
11 - Berry Patches
12 - Entry Gate and Bollard
13 - Pervious Surface Path
14 - Low Fence
15 - Community Gathering Space
16 - Bench
Site Plan
March 10, 2010
0'
20'
40'
NORTH
Appendix F
Ric Catron
City of Gresham
Urban Design and Planning
1333 NW Eastman Parkway
Gresham, OR
May 4, 2010
Dear Ric;
On April 21, 2010, we completed a root disease survey if the 10-acre Nadaka Nature Park
in the City of Gresham. We determined presence or absence of laminated root rot (LRR)
by looking for above-ground symptoms and examining roots of standing or fallen trees for
disease indicators. We marked trees with round aluminum numbered tags nailed at ground
level on the north side of the trees. We did not tag all trees that we examined due to time
constraints. A list of infected trees and their GPS coordinates appears in Table 1. GPS
accuracy usually was +/- 20-28 feet.
Laminated root rot (caused by the fungus Phellinus weirii) causes decay and death of
anchoring roots. Destruction of roots reduces tree vitality, slows growth, and ultimately
leads to tree death or tree failure (falling over). LRR causes symptoms such as reduced
terminal leader growth, sparse foliage, and abnormal yellowing of foliage. Unfortunately,
these symptoms may not be noticeable until 50 percent of the root system has been
destroyed. This is of particular importance because an infected tree may already have a
high failure potential before crown symptoms are apparent. Infected trees may die
standing or they may fall while the crown (foliage and branches still appears healthy. For
this reason we spent considerable time excavating roots for indicators of disease in trees
that appeared healthy above ground.
LRR occurs in several patches in the park (map attached). The location of disease patches
is approximate because they are based on hand-held GPS data and sketch mapping. The
disease has killed several trees and has contributed to wind-throw of numerous large trees.
Some infected trees have been removed by past cutting.
Many Douglas-fir in the park are quite large, with trunk diameters of 20 to 30 inches at
breast height. Most of the large diameter trees are 110-140 feet tall. The tallest tree
appears to be approximately 154 feet.
Because LRR is present in trees that could reach surrounding houses or roads if they fell,
actions to mitigate this danger are warranted. I recommend removal of Douglas-fir and
true fir in the disease patches that are within 140 feet of the park boundary on the north and
west sides of the park (we didn’t find disease on the other sides). The precise location of
the cutting boundary should be determined during the falling operation by instructing
fallers to ensure that the last trees cut along the patch perimeter are free of LRR indicators
(characteristic stain or decay).
In the park interior there is less urgency to cut infected trees because there are no structures
or highway traffic, just dispersed pedestrian use. In this area there are at least two good
options: 1) cut all Douglas-fir and other susceptible hosts in the disease patches as
described for the perimeter area (above), and; 2) do nothing and let nature take its course
(LRR is a native disease and quite common in Douglas-fir ecosystems).
Openings created by tree removal or natural processes can be planted with tree or shrub
species that are resistant or immune to LRR. Good choices include western red cedar,
Willamette Valley ponderosa pine, red alder, bigleaf maple, or any other broadleaf tree
species that is suited to the park environment.
The removal of Douglas-fir will result in large openings, and these openings could increase
the susceptibility of residual tress to wind-throw, in which case some uninfected trees may
need to be removed (or topped for wildlife trees) to reduce hazard from wind-throw. I
recommend planting the openings with resistant species such as western red cedar and
Willamette Valley Ponderosa pine, or immune hardwoods such as big-leaf maple, red
alder, or any other broadleaf tree or shrub species that is suited to the park environment.
There is no need to remove or destroy the trunks of fallen trees; they pose no risk of
spreading disease and may be left on site to provide wildlife habitat and foraging
substrates. Branches and limbs, on the other hand, could increase the risk of wildfire, and
should be disposed of properly.
Please call if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Alan Kanaskie
Forest Pathologist
503-945-7397
[email protected]
Table 1. List of trees infected by Phellinus weirii, Nadaka Nature Park, Gresham, OR,
April 21, 2010. Numbered trees have a round aluminum tag nailed to the tree at ground
level on the north side of the tree. Other infected trees (RR1, RRB, etc,) have no tags. GPS
coordinate system is WGS1984. GPS accuracy +/- 20-30 feet.
NUMBER/NAME
352
355
356
357
358
3594
3892
3893
3896
3897
3899
399
400
793
794
797
798
799
800
813
RR1
RR2
RR3
RR4
RR5
RR6
RR8
RR9
RRA
RRB
RRC
RRD
RRE
RRF
RRG
RRH
RRI
RRJ
LAT
45.52816777
45.52849928
45.52833893
45.52849073
45.52881335
45.52887688
45.52895978
45.52902935
45.52884520
45.52904544
45.52908802
45.52796041
45.52801028
45.52810533
45.52814196
45.52885174
45.52888837
45.52878762
45.52805554
45.52873129
45.52799326
45.52826836
45.52835838
45.52890697
45.52873146
45.52869726
45.52803576
45.52799829
45.52811447
45.52785547
45.52823944
45.52796166
45.52807700
45.52820533
45.52834254
45.52815914
45.52818412
45.52882651
LONG
-122.48313149
-122.48302605
-122.48279127
-122.48258256
-122.48290787
-122.48234686
-122.48226682
-122.48218543
-122.48228978
-122.48212458
-122.48219180
-122.48275573
-122.48263537
-122.48202659
-122.48198845
-122.48326560
-122.48313711
-122.48342226
-122.48289730
-122.48203757
-122.48182165
-122.48192634
-122.48194344
-122.48337423
-122.48347574
-122.48347498
-122.48288188
-122.48288775
-122.48273855
-122.48270988
-122.48267158
-122.48299629
-122.48266521
-122.48263570
-122.48220228
-122.48277233
-122.48297081
-122.48288213
Appendix G
Native Species Plant Restoration List
Coniferous Forest – Trees and shrubs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acer circinatum – Vine Maple
Acer macrophyllum – Big Leaf Maple
Amelanchier alnifolia – Serviceberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - Kinnikinnik
Cornus nuttallii – Pacific Dogwood
Crataegus douglasii – Black Hawthorn
Gaultheria shallon – Salal
Holodiscus discolor – Oceanspray
Lonicera involucrata - Twinberry
Mahonia aquifolium – Oregon Grape
Mahonia nervosa – Dull Oregon Grape
Osmarinia cerasiformis – Indian Plum
Philadelphus lewisii – Western Mock Orange
Pinus ponderosa – Ponderosa Pine
Prunus emarginata – Bitter Cherry
Rhamnus purshiana – Cascara
Ribes sanguineum – Red Flowering Current
Rosa gymnocarpa – Wood Rose
Rubus parviflorus - Thimbleberry
Sambucus cerulea – Blue Elderberry
Sambucus racemosa – Red Elderberry
Spiraea douglasii – Douglas Spiraea
Symphoricarpus albus – Snowberry
Thuja plicata – Western Red Cedar
Vaccinium parvifolium – Red Huckleberry
Plant out of the infected Laminated Root Rot Zone, spaced 4 meter minimum
• Abies grandis – Grand fir
• Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglas Fir
Coniferous Forest - Herbaceous plants and wildflowers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Achylis triphylla – Vanilla Leaf
Aquilegia Formosa- Red Columbine
Asacum caudatum – Wild Ginger
Athyrium filix-femina – Lady Fern
Blechnum spicant – Deer Fern
Cornus stolonifera – Bunchberry Dogwood
Delphinium menziesii – Menzies’ Larkspur
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dicentra formosa – Pacific Bleedingheart
Dryopteris expansa – Wood Fern
Fragaria vesca – Wood Strawberry
Oxalis oregano - Oxalis
Polystichum munitum – Sword Fern
Tolmiea menziesii – Piggyback Plant
Viola glabella – Wood Violet
Meadows and Prairie – More herbaceous plants and wildflowers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
•
•
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•
•
Achillea millefolium – White Yarrow
Camassia leichtlinii – Leichtlin’s Camas
Danthonia californica – California Oatgrass
Dodecatheon hendersonii – Shooting Star
Elymus glaucus – Blue Wildrye
Festuca idahoensis – Idaho Fescue
Festuca rubra – Red Fescue
Fragaria chiloensis – Coastal Strawberry
Gillia capitata – Globe Gillia
Iris tenax – Oregon Iris
Lupinus albicaulis – Sickle-Keel Lupine
Potentilla gracilis – Slender cinquefoil
Prunella vulgaris – Heal-all
Sedum oreganum – Oregon Stonecrop
Solidago canadensis – Canadian Goldenrod
Viola nuttallii – Yellow Violet
Achylis triphylla – Vanilla Leaf
Amelanchier alnifolia – Serviceberry
Appendix H
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Guidelines
1. Acceptable pest levels: The emphasis is on control, not eradication. Elimination
of an entire pest population is often impossible and unrealistic. Acceptable
thresholds or benchmarks are established. In not killing off all pests, remaining
pests will dilute any resistant genes in future populations.
2. Selective Varieties: Specific varieties of plants are identified that grow best
for local growing conditions. This practice was first identified for crops, but can
also be used for landscape varieties, including select native cultivars.
3. Monitoring: Observation is the key to IPM. Visual inspection, insect traps, and
other measurement methods and monitoring tools are used to check pest levels.
Accurate pest identification is critical. Track time in days to determine the
optimal time for a specific insect outbreak.
4. Mechanical Controls: Should a pest reach an unacceptable level, mechanical
methods are the first options to consider. These choices include hand-picking,
using insect barriers, installing traps, vacuuming, and tillage of the soil to disrupt
breeding.
5. Biological Controls: Beneficial insects such as ladybugs and biological
microbial insecticides including Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) provide the control
agents. Biological controls are environmentally friendly and have advantages
over chemically synthesized insecticides including rapid breakdown in the
environment and lack of insect resistance.
6. Natural Controls: Synthetic pesticides are only used as required and at specific
times in a pest’s life cycle. These types of pesticides are derived from plants or
naturally occurring substances (e.g.: nicotine, pyrethrum and insect juvenile
hormones) and are not to be confused with chemical controls.
Appendix I
0’
4’
8’
1 inch
Disconnected downspout
is piped to garden - above
or below ground
Scale: 1 ” = 1’
4
Use rocks to disperse the
energy of the water and
prevent erosion
12.
Rain Garden Basin Plants
1. Dagger-Leaf Rush 2’
Juncus ensifolius
9.
14.
2.
3.
13.
4.
9.
10.
7.
5.
10.
3. Twinberry up to 10’
Lonicera involucrata
1.
11.
2. Panicled Bullrush 3’
Scirpus microcarpus
5.
6.
8.
6.
4. Dense Sedge
Carex densa
2’
Rain Garden Edge Plants
5. Deer Fern 2’
Blechnum spicant
6. Woods Strawberry
Fragaria vesca groundcover
7. Sword Fern 3’
Polystichum munitum
8. Inside-out Flower 1’
Vancouveria hexandra
Design tips and plant selection
The native plants that are featured here are selected for
their beauty and suitability to our climate. Plants in the rain
garden basin (1-4) must be tolerant of both drought and
standing water, while those on the edges (5-14) of the garden
must be drought tolerant.
Consider what direction the garden will be viewed from.
Position plants that stay small toward the front of the garden,
and taller plants behind them. Groundcover will spread out
over time and fill in empty spaces. Apply 2-4” of fine to
medium bark mulch to prevent weeds and retain moisture.
9. Dull Oregon Grape
Mahonia nervosa
Website: http://greshamoregon.gov
Phone: (503) 618-2525
14. Salal up to 3’
Gaultheria shallon
2’
10. False Solomon’s Seal
Smilacina racemosa
11. Western Columbine
Aquilegia formosa
3’
1’
12. Evergreen Huckleberry
Vaccinium ovatum
13. Snowberry up to 7’
Symphoricarpos albus
6’
Plant Palette
for a Sunny Rain Garden
0’
Circles are scaled to represent plant size at
maturity. Plan spacing to allow for a mature,
natural growth pattern
1 inch
Scale: 1
Rain Garden
Basin Plants
1. Slough Sedge 3’
Carex obnupta
8’
” = 1’
4
Disconnected downspout
is piped to garden - above
or below ground
2’
1
st 0’ f
r
fo u ro
un ct m
da ure th
tio ’s e
n
2. Oregon Iris
Iris tenax
4’
3. Blue Rush 3’
Juncus patens
4. Creeping Spikerush 3’
Eleocharis palustris
Rain Garden Edge Plants
5. Yarrow up to 2’
Achillea millefolium
8.
6.
Use rocks to
disperse the
energy of the
water and
prevent erosion
15.
6. Oregon Sunshine up to 2’
Eriophyllum lanatum
7. Creeping Checkermallow
Sidalcea reptans
8. Oregon Stonecrop
Sedum oreganum
1’
3.
9. Kinnickinnick groundcover
Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi
10. Red-flowering Currant
Ribes sanguineum
2.
7.
large - up to 10’
8.
11. Blue Blossom large - up to 14’
Ceanothus thyrsifolius
14.
12. Oregon Grape up to 6’
Mahonia aquifolium
13. Western Columbine
Aquilegia formosa
1’
14. Large-leafed Lupine
Lupinus polyphyllus
2’
10.
9.
groundcover
1.
13.
9.
4.
12.
11.
15. Hardhack up to 4’
Spirea douglassii
Maintenance advice
In order to develop healthy roots, most
plants require regular water for the first
2 to 3 years. During the summer deep
watering (1” of water) should occur once
every 1-2 weeks and as needed. Refresh
your rain garden once a year by making
sure the mulch is 2-3” thick. Avoid
5.
During larger rain
events water overflows
onto lawn away from
the structure/house
using fertilizers and herbicides in your rain
garden. Try to remove weeds by hand
before they go to seed. Check often to
make sure that the inlet and outlet do not
get clogged with debris.
Website: http://greshamoregon.gov
Phone: (503) 618-2525