اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻟﻟطﯾور ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم www.birdlife.org

Zones importantes pour la conservation des oiseaux dans le monde
Important Bird Areas of the World
Areas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en el mundo
Ключевые орнитологические территории мира
世界上的重點鳥區
‫المناطق المهمة للطيور في العالم‬
Unprotected IBA or protection status unknown
Wholly or partially protected IBA
The process of IBA identification is still underway in some areas, including Antarctica,
Chile, New Guinea, New Zealand, the USA and in the marine environment. Preliminary
or partial information is shown for these areas, where available. While all IBAs are
internationally significant, only those meeting global criteria are shown.
The presentation of information on this map and the geographical designations
employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of
BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
More information on BirdLife International’s Important Bird Areas
programme is given on the reverse of this poster.
10,000
sites to save
Andorra
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
10,000 個需要拯救的地方
10.000 sites à sauver
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Bolivia
Botswana Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Canada
Chile
Cook Islands
Cote d’Ivoire
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Denmark
Dominican
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands
Faroe Islands
Finland
Republic
(Malvinas)
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibratar
Greece
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Kenya
French
Polynesia
10.000 sitios para salvar
Canada
France
Kuwait
www.birdlife.org
‫ موقع بحاجة للحماية‬١٠,٠٠٠
10,000 территорий подлежат охране
Latvia
Palau
Spain
Lebanon
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
FYR Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Palestine
Panama
Paraguay
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Rwanda
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uruguay
USA
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Oceania
Middle East and Central Asia
1
South America
Asia
Africa
Australasia
North America
Central America and the Caribbean
Europe
0%
50%
100%
Percentage of wholly or partially protected IBAs
Source: Analysis of data held in BirdLife’s World Bird Database
... are the most significant places for
conserving birds
... are identified
using standardised
science-based
criteria
3
Image: Bicoloured Antvireo (Guy Tudor)
Coppery-chested Jacamar (Clive Byers)
White-necked Parakeet (Etel Vilaró)
colombia
Ecuador–Peru East Andes EBA
Number of
restricted-range species
11–14
•
• 6–10
• 3–5
•
1–2
ecuador
Coppery-chested Jacamar
1
Globally
threatened
species
Four categories of criteria are used to identify IBAs consistently
worldwide. These are based on the two main considerations used
2
in planning site networks for biodiversity conservation: threat
Restricted(category 1) and irreplaceability (categories 2, 3 & 4).
150
National IBA publications 1987–2010
White-necked Parakeet
range species Peru
those with breeding
ranges smaller than
50,000 km2
Criteria for identifying IBAs
3
Biomerestricted
assemblages
Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb
4
Congregations
large aggregations of one
or more species
communities of birds
characteristic of
a distinct biome
Some places are much more important for birds (and other biodiversity) than others. It is effective to focus conservation effort on these
places. For IBAs, the distribution of key bird species defines the key sites—discrete areas of habitat that can be delineated and, at least
potentially, managed for conservation. Currently, some 10,000 IBAs have been identified worldwide, with global coverage of terrestrial and
freshwater environments nearly complete. 120
90
60
30
0
1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year of publication
4
Image: Blue-bellied Roller (NCF)
... highlight gaps in protected
area networks
The Programme of Work on Protected Areas of the Convention on Biological Diversity encourages
countries to establish and maintain comprehensive and ecologically representative protected
area networks. Combining data on IBAs and existing protected areas highlights some of the most
important gaps. Despite recent increases, only some 25% of IBAs are fully legally protected. Evidence shows that IBA networks are
disproportionately important for other animals
and plants. They are an effective ‘first cut’
of the overall network of Key Biodiversity
Areas (KBAs), the most significant sites for
biodiversity conservation worldwide. The highest
conservation priorities of all KBAs are the Alliance
for Zero Extinction sites (AZEs), those holding
the last remaining populations of Critically
Endangered or Endangered species. Some 600
AZEs have been identified worldwide, of which
more than half are also IBAs.
Relationship between current protected area network
and IBAs in Bolivia
Coverage of Important Bird Areas by protected areas
50
% protected
40
Mean % area protected
% sites completely protected
30
20
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
Year
1990
2000
2010
Source: Butchart et al. (in prep.).
Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb
5
See www.zeroextinction.org
Image: Lesser Flamingos (James Warwick)
... are also being identified
across the oceans
6
AZE sites
IBAs
Many seabird breeding sites and significant coastal areas for non-breeding species are already listed as IBAs.
Their boundaries are now being extended to include foraging areas, where appropriate. Work is ongoing to
identify IBAs (as Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas—EBSAs) in the open oceans.
KBAs
A network of IBAs identified around the Iberian Peninsula and in Macaronesia
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
... form
networks
in the
wider
landscape
The WOW Critical Site Network Tool displaying the network
of IBAs identified for Black-tailed Godwit and the flyways of
the four relevant populations
See www.wingsoverwetlands.org/csntool
Many birds depend on networks of IBAs.
Migrants in particular need sites along their
flyways to support all stages of their annual
cycles. International collaboration, as in the
Wings Over Wetlands (WOW) programme for
African-Eurasian migratory waterbirds, is vital
to achieve this. The percentage of Ugandan butterfly species represented in Ugandan
IBAs in each of six conservation priority categories
% of Ugandan species
7
... support
a wealth
of other
biodiversity
IBA / KBA / AZE relationships
Wherever possible IBA identification and documentation are led by the BirdLife
Partner organisation in-country. This feeds the best local knowledge into the
process and builds engagement and capacity for conservation and monitoring.
By mid-2010, five continental directories and 126 national IBA inventories had
been published, in a variety of languages.
Bicoloured Antvireo
Number of publications
...
2
Mean
Image: Rhinocerus Hornbill (Dr Chan Ah Lak)
Important
Bird Areas
The world’s 10,000 IBAs and their protection status by region
... are documented
through a bottom-up
process
Sources: Ramírez et al. (2008) Áreas Importantes para as Aves
Marinhas em Portugal. Lisboa: Sociedade Portuguesa Para o Estudo
das Aves. Lisboa. Arcos et al. (2009) Áreas Importantes para la
Conservación de las Aves marinas en España. Madrid: Sociedad
Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife).
Two recently published marine IBA inventories can be accessed here:
Portugal http://lifeibasmarinhas.spea.pt/y-book/ibasmarinhas, Spain
www.seo.org/avesmarinas/flash.html#/1
1
2
3
4
Conservation priority score
5
6
Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb
Management scenarios for African Important Bird Areas, based on the turnover of species projected
under climate change
The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) provides decision-makers with critical information so that biodiversity
considerations can be integrated at the earliest stages of project planning. Spatial information on IBAs is used by IBAT to help
inform environmental impact assessments, management plans and business operations.
9
... facilitate
implementation
of international
agreements
See www.ibatforbusiness.org
Examples of ecosystem services
Image: Garth Lenz/BirdLife
Water
Harvested goods
Designed by Justine Pocock/NatureBureau
... enable adaptation to climate change
Robust measures are needed to maintain biodiversity in the face of climate change. These include efforts to maximise the
resilience of ecosystems and facilitate their adaptation to climate change impacts. Modelling such impacts is providing critical
insight into likely patterns of enforced changes on the distribution of birds, and so helping to develop adaptive management
frameworks for IBAs.
2006
Pressure
2
Greater threats
s
c
3
1
0
2002
2004
2006
a
2000
M
1
More action
e
Response
0
1998
10.000 sites à sauver
2000
2002
Year
2004
2006
Source: Mwangi et al. (2010) Bird Conserv. Internat. 20: 215-230
IBAs across the world are monitored using BirdLife’s standardised and
simple methods for scoring their condition (based on the key species
and habitats within them), the pressures (threats) that impact them
and the conservation responses in place (such as action plans and
management activities). Such monitoring, carried out by local groups,
volunteers, government staff and BirdLife Partners, generates data for
IBA indices that provide powerful tools for quantifying conservation
efforts and measuring their impact.
14
10,000 個需要拯救的地方
13
40
20
0
198 LCGs at 119 IBAs
in Africa in 2009
Financial services
2004
1230
Number of IBAs in Africa
Harvesting of resources
2002
60
Education and awareness creation
2000
... are monitored to
inform policy and
action
Some key facts about African LCGs
80
Alternative livelihood
improvement activities
Better condition
e
0
o
1
r
2
Activities undertaken by African LCGs
Conservation action
Protected Areas
Unprotected Areas
State
Image: BirdLife International
Image: Flickr/guilherme_florian
100
Conservation planning
3
2
10,000 sites to save
Carbon
Tourism
Image: Flickr/number657
3
www.birdlife.org
Colours represent different
scenarios, with associated
management recommendations:
Source: Hole et al. (in prep.).
n
15
11
High persistence
Increasing specialisation
High turnover
Increasing value
Increasing diversification
Important Bird Area indices for Kenya, showing trends in the
state of IBAs, pressures upon them, and responses in place
… are being saved
through the conservation
efforts of BirdLife working
with governments and
others worldwide
... provide essential ecosystem
services
IBA conservation maintains biodiversity and ensures sustained flow of numerous ecosystem services to local communities
(e.g. harvested wild goods), regionally or nationally (e.g. water) and globally (e.g. carbon sequestration, tourism). Home page of the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool
IBA information is relevant to a number of Multilateral
Environmental Agreements. For the Ramsar Convention, IBA
identification criteria are closely aligned with those used to
select wetland sites of international importance. Thus, IBAs
that potentially qualify as Ramsar sites, but have yet to be
designated, can easily be highlighted.
Source: BirdLife International (2005) Important Bird Areas and potential Ramsar
sites in Asia. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International
10
Research and monitoring
8
... inform environmentally
responsible development
Number of LCGs
The IBAs in the Asia region that
contain areas which qualify as
potential Ramsar sites
See www.africa-climate-exchange.org
58%
of LCGs
legally registered
200 Highest number of
members in a single LCG
29 Highest number of LCGs
in one country
18 Most LCGs
associated with one IBA
8 Highest number of
IBAs covered with one LCG
Source: BirdLife International
Understanding the consequences of poverty is essential in identifying how biodiversity conservation
can improve local livelihoods. BirdLife Partners work with and empower local communities at IBAs to
develop site-specific solutions to conservation and development challenges. The range of benefits that communities
obtain from IBAs
Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb
Natmataung National Park, Myanmar
... are a focus for local
engagement in conservation
Since the late 1990s, BirdLife has been nurturing and networking grassroots groups at IBAs. Numbering
over 2,500 worldwide and known as Local Conservation Groups (LCGs), they encourage local participation
in conservation and often focus on the most marginalised community members (for example, by
formalising land rights for indigenous people, and ensuring that women or members of low status groups
are included in decision-making).
10.000 sitios para salvar
12
... are vital for livelihoods and
wellbeing
Non-timber forest products
(including food & medicines)
Meat / fish
Grazing / browse
Live animals / pet trade
Firewood / charcoal
Timber
Water provison
Employment / tourism
Ceremony / religion
Shelter
10,000 территорий подлежат охране
Palas Valley, Pakistan
Montecristo & El Imposible
National Parks, El Salvador
Mt Afadjato-Agumatsa,
Ghana
Upper Bay of Panama,
Panama
Bajo Rio Beni, Bolivia
Kibira National Park,
Burundi
San Rafael National Park,
Paraguay
Musambwa Islands,
Lake Victoria, Uganda
Dar es Salaam coast, Tanzania
Truong Son, Vietnam
Palbong Sablayan,
Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Sekong River, Cambodia
Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe
‫ موقع بحاجة للحماية‬١٠,٠٠٠