Bez názvu - 1

Transcription

Bez názvu - 1
Jugs over Italy
1180
US WWII FIGHTER
1:48 SCALE PLASTIC KIT
intro
In June 1940, the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) issued a requirement for a new light fighter design. Among those manufaturers to respond was the Republic
Aviation Corporation of Farmingdale, New York. This company was a successor to the Seversky Aircraft Corporation. Republic´s chief designer, Alexander Kartveli, born
in Georgia in the Soviet Union, moved to the States, as did his former chief, Alexander Seversky. One of Kartveli´s designs was the P-35 fighter, accepted and used by the
USAAC, and other countries. In 1939, Republic signed a contract to manufacture another fighter, the P-43 Lancer. The performance of the P-43 was not good enough
to compare with contemporary European fighters, notably the Bf 109E and Spitfire. In the meantime, Kartveli finished the design of a brand new fighter under the company
designation AP-10. It was powered by the Allison V-1710 inline engine. The USAAC gave it the designation XP-47 and XP-47A, but due to poor performance, no further
development was planned. This led Kartveli to install the most powerful engine available at the time, the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp. He designed an efficient
supercharging duct system using an innovative method. He designed the supercharging system first, and then built up the fuselage around it. The XP-47B prototype was
significantly bigger than all fighters built up to that time. Twice as heavy as contemporary fighters, its powerful engine nevertheless enabled the aircraft to reach a speed
of 633 km/h shortly after its maiden flight on May 6, 1941. The total of 171 P-47Bs was built, the first example leaving the production line in March 1942. The first frontline
unit to accept the fighter, the 59th Fighter Group, obtained their aircraft no sooner than June. The new fighter was christened the 'Thunderbolt'. The P-47C was produced
from September 1942. A total of 602 examples were manufactured and had a slightly longer nose and an underbelly external fuel tank could be installed. The latter change
permitted units based in England to fly deeper into occupied Europe. The P-47D was similar to its predecessor, but many changes were introduced on the production line.
The D-15 was the first Thunderbolt with underwing pylons. As such, two bombs could be added to the eight 0.50 guns, improving the combat value of the aircraft. The most
obvious change was related to the canopy and rear fuselage. From Block D-25, the old canopy was replaced with a new bubble all-round vision type, with a corresponding
cut down of the rear fuselage decking. The older Thunderbolts are known as Razorbacks and the newer types as Bubbletop. The Thunderbolt´s performance increased
with more powerful versions of the engine installed and with the use of advanced propellers. The final versions was equipped with a dorsal fin to improve stability. The final
D version was the D-40. A total of 12,062 P-47Ds were built, making it the most produced American fighter. The production of the 'hot rod' P-47M with airbrakes in the wings
followed. But only 130 P-47Ms was manufactured, all of them delivered to the 56th Fighter Group. The last version that entered series production was the P-47N. A new
wing with a bigger wingspan and redesigned wingtips was used. The P-47Ns were exclusively used in the Pacific Theatre of Operations and served as a long range escort
fighter to protect B-29 Superfortresses on their routes from the Marianas to Japan. Plans to fly them in Europe were halted by the final defeat of Nazi Germany. Two U.S. Air
Forces flew P-47s in the Italian sky during WW2 - 12th Air Force and 15th Air Force. The first combat deployment of 12th AF was the Operation Torch, the landing in North
Africa that was launched on November 8, 1943. In the same month 15th AF was established. The sole Fighter Group – 325th FG – was active with 15th AF. More groups –
27th, 57th, 79th, 86th, 324th and 350th FGs – were operated by 12th AF. Thunderbolts flown by all these units supported troops during their advance to the north. They
were present over the beaches during landings in Sicily that was launched on July 9, 1943 (Operation Husky). The landings in Italy (Operation Baytown / Avalanche) was
launched on September 3, 1943), followed by the landings in Anzio on January 22, 1944 (Operation Shingle). The Allied forces proceeded further north towards the Nazi
Germany, the landings in south France followed on August 15, 1944 (Operation Dragoon). All the Fighter Groups mentioned above gradually converted to P-47. The first
group that went over from older fighters to P-47 was 325th FG in September / October, 1943 and the last one was 350th FG in August, 1944.
úvodem
V červnu 1940 zadalo United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) požadavky na konstrukci nového lehkého stíhacího letounu. Mezi příjemci specifikací byla také
společnost Republic Aviation Corporation sídlící ve Farmingdale ve státě New York. Firma byla faktickým pokračovatelem společnosti Seversky Aircraft Corporation.
Hlavní konstruktér Republicu, původem Gruzínec Alexander Kartveli, jenž pocházel stejně jako dřívější šéf společnosti Alexander Seversky, ze zemí Sovětského svazu,
již dříve zkonstruoval letoun P-35. V roce 1939 získal Republic též kontrakt na omezenou výrobu dalšího stíhacího typu, P-43 Lancer. Tento stroj však nedosahoval kvalit
jeho evropských konkurentů, zejména pak Bf 109E a Spitfiru. Mezitím již Kartveli zkonstruoval novou stíhačku pod továrním označením AP-10. Poháněl ji řadový motor
Allison V-1710. Tento typ USAAC označilo XP-47, resp. XP-47A, avšak pro nedostatečné výkony byl odmítnut. Kartveli se tedy rozhodl použít tehdy nejvýkonnější motor
Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp. K efektivnímu využití výkonu vymyslel dobře fungující systém využívající výfukových plynů pro přeplňování motoru. Nejprve
zkonstruoval tento systém a až poté okolo něj trup letounu. Prototyp stíhačky XP-47B byl znatelně větší než všechny dosud používané stíhačky. Přestože byl dvakrát
těžší, než jeho souputníci, výkonný motor mu již krátce po zalétání, které proběhlo 6. května 1941, umožnil dosáhnout maximální rychlosti 663 km/h. První z celkem 171
P-47B opustil montážní závod společnosti Republic v březnu 1942, ale 59th Fighter Group dostala první exempláře až v červnu. Nový stroj obdržel bojové jméno
Thunderbolt. Počínaje zářím 1942 začala výroba verze P-47C. Postaveno bylo 602 kusů a od P-47B se lišil mírně prodlouženou přídí a možností nést přídavnou palivovou
nádrž. Druhá jmenovaná úprava umožnila létat hlouběji nad okupovanou Evropu. Verze P-47D se od svého předchůdce příliš neodlišovala. V průběhu její výroby však
došlo k mnoha změnám v konstrukci. Od bloku D-15 přibyly na křídlo dva závěsníky pro pumy a doplnily tak palebnou sílu osmi půlpalcových kulometů. Nejviditelnější byla
úprava tvaru překrytu kabiny a hřbetu trupu. Od výrobního bloku P-47D-25 byl snížen trup za kokpitem a kokpit dostal kapkovitý překryt. Starší stroje se nazývaly
Razorback, novější pak Bubbletop. Výkony letounů se postupně zvyšovaly, došlo k zástavbám výkonnějších verzí motoru, osazovaly se modernější vrtule. Poslední
výrobní bloky také dostaly hřbetní kýlovou plochu, která pomáhala řešit problémy se stabilitou. Produkce verze D se zastavila s výrobním blokem D-40-RA. Montážní linky
opustilo celkem 12 062 P-47D. Tím se stala nejpočetnější verzí amerického stíhacího letounu, který byl kdy vyroben. Následovala výroba vysoce výkonné verze P-47M
s aerodynamickými brzdami v křídle, ale nakonec vzniklo pouze 130 kusů dodaných výhradně k 56th Fighter Group. Poslední sériově vyráběnou verzí byla P-47N. Letoun
dostal překonstruované křídlo se zvětšeným rozpětím a od P-47D se dosti lišil. Letouny této verze byly dodávány výhradně na pacifické bojiště, kde sloužily zejména jako
dálkový doprovod pro bombardéry B-29 Superfortress mířící nad cíle v Japonsku. Plány vyzbrojit „eNky“ také evropské jednotky ukončila bezpodmínečná kapitulace
Německa. Na italském nebi se proháněly Thunderbolty z jednotek zařazených do 12. a 15. letecké armády. První uvedená letecká armáda zahájila své bojové tažení
podporou invaze do severní Afriky, jež byla spuštěna 8. listopadu 1943. Týž měsíc byla ustavena 15. letecká armáda. Zatímco v rámci 15th AF působila s P-47 pouze
325th FG, u 12th AF top byly 27th, 57th, 79th, 86th, 324th a 350th FG. Letouny těchto Fighter Group zejména podporovaly postup pozemních jednotek tak, jak
postupovaly z Afriky směrem na sever. Účastnily se tak vylodění na Sicílii, které započalo 9. července 1943 (operace Husky). Následovalo vylodění v Itálii (operace
Baytown / Avalanche odstartovaná 3. září 1943), výsadek u Anzia (operace Single, začátek 22. ledna 1944) a vylodění na jihu Francie (operace Dragoon, začátek
15. srpna 1944). Jednotlivé Fighter Group přezbrojovaly na P-47 postupně. Jako první je dostala 325th FG v průběhu září a října 1943, jako poslední 350th FG v srpnu
1944.
1180 - NAV1
ATTENTION
UPOZORNĚNÍ
INSTRUCTION SIGNS
OPTIONAL
VOLBA
BEND
OHNOUT
ACHTUNG
INSTR. SYMBOLY
INSTRUKTION SINNBILDEN
SYMETRICAL ASSEMBLY
SYMETRICKÁ MONTÁŽ
OPEN HOLE
VYVRTAT OTVOR
PARTS
ATTENTION
DÍLY
REMOVE
ODŘÍZNOUT
TEILE
SYMBOLES
REVERSE SIDE
OTOČIT
APPLY EDUARD MASK
AND PAINT
POUŽÍT EDUARD MASK
NABARVIT
PIECES
PLASTIC PARTS
D> 2 pcs.
C>
E>
F>
eduard
PE - PHOTO ETCHED DETAIL PARTS
G>
RP - RESIN PARTS
R1
2 pcs.
R2
2 pcs.
R4
R5
4 pcs. 4 pcs.
R3
R6
R10
R7
R8
R13
R14
COLOURS
BARVY
R20
R18
Mr.COLOR
C72
INTERMEDIATE BLUE
MC214
DARK IRON
YELLOW
H 77
C137
TIRE BLACK
MC218
ALUMINIUM
C5
BLUE
H 90
C47
CLEAR RED
Mr.COLOR SUPER METALLIC
Mr.COLOR
H4
C4
H5
R21
PEINTURE
H 56
AQUEOUS
R12
R19
R17
FARBEN
R11
AQUEOUS
GSi Creos (GUNZE)
2
R16
2 pcs.
R15
R9
Mr.METAL COLOR
H 12
C33
FLAT BLACK
H 92
C49
CLEAR ORANGE
H 13
C3
RED
H 94
C138
CLEAR GREEN
H 27
C44
TAN
H 316
C316
WHITE
H 52
C38
OLIVE DRAB
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
H 53
C13
NEUTRAL GRAY
C352
CHROMATE YELLOW
SM01
SUPER FINE SILVER
A
B
PE2
H 12
C33
FLAT BLACK
PE3
PE6
PE6
RP19
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
RP13
PE1
PE15
H 12
C33
PE20
FLAT BLACK
C351
2 pcs.
PE6
ZINC CHROMATE
RP10
H 12
C33
PE27
A
FLAT BLACK
RP9
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
PE4
RP13
C351
B
RP18
ZINC CHROMATE
PE5
C
PE18
D
PE16
H 12
C33
FLAT BLACK
PE8
RP20
PE16
PE19
RP15
PE24
RP16
PE13
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
PE17
PE11
PE25
PE12
PE7
RP16
RP12
H 52
C12
OLIVE DRAB
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
H 12
C33
H 13
C3
FLAT BLACK
RED
RP21
D
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
PE21
H 12
C33
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
FLAT BLACK
PE28
RP7
MC218
ALUMINIUM
MC218
ALUMINIUM
PE26
RP17
C
3
E
RP11
RP11
H 12
C33
H 12
C33
FLAT BLACK
FLAT BLACK
PE14
RP8
H 12
C33
FLAT BLACK
RP14
C351
ZINC CHROMATE
PE9
PE10
F1
E
F2
F1
F2
MC214
DARK IRON
PE41
MC218
ALUMINIUM
H 52
C12
PE48
OLIVE DRAB
PE43
PE46
PE47
RP19
PE33
PE37
F1, F2
PE44
PE34
4
PE36
PE40
F
G
C19
C18
C3
C4
H
J
F8
F7
C352
C352
CHROMATE YELLOW
CHROMATE YELLOW
G2
G1
E3
MC214
MC214
DARK IRON
DARK IRON
C13
C14
H 92
C49
H 94
C138
MC218
MC218
ALUMINIUM
ALUMINIUM
CLEAR GREEN
CLEAR ORANGE
H 90
C47
E2
3 pcs.
CLEAR RED
G3
G4
C352
C352
CHROMATE YELLOW
CHROMATE YELLOW
F
C31
closed
H
open
G
D10
E8
H 94
C138
CLEAR GREEN
open
D10
closed
H
MC214
DARK IRON
F5
D24
D28
J
D25
J
MC214
SM01
DARK IRON
D24
D25 D28
SUPER FINE SILVER
F6
C33
C33
E9
H 90
C47
CLEAR RED
5
R
2 pcs.
H 77
C137
PE31
TIRE BLACK
RP1
MC218
ALUMINIUM
PE45
RP2
C23
C23
F14
MC218
ALUMINIUM
C352
F16
CHROMATE YELLOW
R
C22
L
F15
D27
2 pcs.
D9
MC218
ALUMINIUM
PE31
PE45
L
C352
CHROMATE YELLOW
F13
MC218
C22
C352
CHROMATE YELLOW
C9
MC218
ALUMINIUM
H 77
C137
TIRE BLACK
PE30
PE29
C30
MC218
ALUMINIUM
MC218
ALUMINIUM
6
PE23
ALUMINIUM
MC218
ALUMINIUM
H 12
C33
PE35
FLAT BLACK
H 12
C33
FLAT BLACK
C28
C28
MC218
ALUMINIUM
C27
PE35
C27
H 56
C72
H 27
C44
INTERMEDIATE BLUE
TAN
C25
MC218
ALUMINIUM
MC218
ALUMINIUM
F1, F2
MC218
ALUMINIUM
C24
PE32b
PE32a
C8
K
F11 - MARKINGS
DO NOT GLUE!
NELEPIT
RP4 - MARKING
RP5 - MARKINGS
RP6
RP3
B,C,D
E
A,F
4 pcs.
RP5
H 12
C33
MC218
ALUMINIUM
FLAT BLACK
RP4
4 pcs.
7
E4
PE22
E5
H 52
C12
OLIVE DRAB
C1
K
F11
M 2 pcs.
D23
N
D23
O
4 pcs.
2 pcs.
MC218
ALUMINIUM
H 52
C12
D19
D16
OLIVE DRAB
C16
D20
C15
MC218
ALUMINIUM
D17
D15
C11
D18
C12
P
2 pcs.
S
Q
MC218
ALUMINIUM
MC218
D3
ALUMINIUM
2 pcs.
F9
MC218
ALUMINIUM
D5
MC218
MC218
ALUMINIUM
D6
F10
D4
ALUMINIUM
MC218
ALUMINIUM
T
2 pcs.
PE38
plastic
PE42
D8
D7
plastic
PE49
8
PE39
Q
M
1000lb bomb
N
150 gal tank
O
75 gal tank
P
200 gal tank
Q
108 gal tank
S
500lb bomb
T
eduard
2 pcs.
RP1+ RP2
C30
E5
C30
RP1+ RP2
2 pcs.
RP11
E4
E2
3 pcs.
E3
9
A P-47D, 86th FS, 79th FG, Fano Air Field, Italy, February, 1945
A picture of this P-47D was taken at Fano Air Feld in February 1945 with bazookas and 110 l napalm tanks attached to the wings and pylons. This air field situated near
the Adriatic Sea enabled the group to perform flights over the sea to support Soviet infantry units fighting in Yugoslavia. Fano became 79th FG´s home in december
1944 and group personel rest here till second half of April, 1945. The blue tail with yellow lightnings was the marking of 79th FG. The aircraft flown by 86th FS wore
numbers from 70 to 69. The squadron badge was painted on the left side of the cowling.
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39
51
34
H52
38
36
H5
5
6+7
63
SM01
H12
33
H13
3
H4
4
SM01
H13
3
1
SM01
1
H13
3
35
40
H5
5
4+5
H52
38
63
SM01
SILVER
10
SM01
YELLOW
H4
4
RED
H13
3
BLUE
H5
5
H52
OLIVE DRAB 38
BLACK
H12
33
eduard
B P-47D-25, flown by Capt. Edward F. Jones, 64th FS, 57th FG, Grosseto AB, Italy, Early 1945
Edward Jones christened his Jug after his high school girlfriend 'Jake'. He joined the 64th Fighter Squadron in the late summer of 1944 and completed 76 combat
missions by the end of WWII. The scorpion painted in black on the cowling has its roots in the name of the squadron – 'The Black Scorpions'. The squadron aircraft were
numbered from 10 to 39. The yellow stripes on the wings and tail were typical for P-47Ds flown by the 57th Fighter Group.
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17
3
H13
3
H52
38
20
8
18
30b ?+30a
SM01
14
16
H53
13
H4
4
H12
33
H13
3
H4
4
12
H13
3
1
11
H53
13
H52
38
10
1
H13
3
9
13
17
3
14
15
H52
38
SM01
H53
13
SILVER
SM01
YELLOW
H4
4
RED
H13
3
NEUTRAL
GRAY
H53
13
19
H13
3
H4
4
H52
OLIVE DRAB 38
BLACK
H12
33
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11
C P-47D-25, 527th FS, 86th FG, Pisa Air Base, Italy, 1945
This Jug, christened 'Big Red´s Old Crow' was photographed at Pisa Air Field. The 86th Fighter Group used this air field as its homebase from October 26, 1944
to February 21, 1945 when it moved to France. The red and white stripes on the tail were typical for the Group´s aircraft, the 527th FS aircraft were numbered from 70 to
99. Note the small bombs – the mission marks - painted along the left side of the fuselage. The red patch on the left side of the fuselage is likely a repair patch.
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H316
316
25
H13
3
29
H13
3
H52
38
22 31
32
23
33
3
26
24
SM01
H12
33
H13
3
H4
4
SM01
H13
3
21
1
21
SM01
1
H316
316
38
H13
3
H316
316
37
H316
316
3
27
H52
38
23
H13
3
28
H13
3
SM01
SILVER
12
SM01
WHITE
H316
316
YELLOW
H4
4
RED
H13
3
H52
OLIVE DRAB 38
BLACK
H12
33
eduard
P-47D-27RE, s/n 42-26960, flown by Lt. Sylvester 'Bud' Hendricks, 65th FS, 57th FG, Grosseto Air Base, Italy,
D Fall
1944 / 1945
The 65th Fighter Squadron was given the name 'Fighting Cocks' as can be seen from the unit badge painted on both sides of the cowling. The squadron aircraft wore
the numbers from 49 to 69. As well as other 57th Fighter Group Thunderbolts, Hendricks' aircraft had yellow bands painted on the wings and tail. Note three names
in total on the fuselage – 'Blanche III', 'Wally' and 'The Ox Cart'. Grosseto Air Base was situated 100 miles north of Rome and the 57th FG was based there from
September 1944 till the end of the war.
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69
H13
3
H52
38
65
50
70
47
49
41
3
68
H4
4
SM01
H12
33
H4
4
44
SM01
67
1
67
43
SM01
42
1
45
69
3
46
47
48
SM01
SILVER
SM01
YELLOW
H4
4
RED
H13
3
H52
OLIVE DRAB 38
H52
38
66
H13
3
H4
4
BLACK
H12
33
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13
E P-47D-27RE, s/n 42-27277, 315th FS, 324th FG, Early 1945
Thunderbolt s/n 42-27277 was flown by 314th Fighter Squadron with the name 'Amy Lou' on the cowling. The aircraft belly landed in January, 1945 and was handed
over to the 315th FS in January-February. The next emergency landing came on March 21, 1945 when the propeller was hit by AA fire. 1stLt. Richard G. Keene was
forced to land in a field with the undercarriage retracted. The red marking was typical for the 315th Fighter Squadron. The name 'Miss Ann' is confirmed by photos on the
left side of the cowling. The appearance of the right side is not known.
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2
H13
3
H52
38
71
52 57
58
6+7
59
SM01
H12
33
H13
3
H4
4
SM01
H13
3
1
SM01
1
H13
3
2
4+5
62
58
56
H52
38
? 71
H13
3
SM01
SILVER
14
SM01
YELLOW
H4
4
RED
H13
3
H52
OLIVE DRAB 38
BLACK
H12
33
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F
P-47D-27RE, s/n 42-27277, 314th FS, 324th FG, Dole, France, winter 1944 / 1945
One of the air units that flew Thunderbolts in the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations was the 324th Fighter Group. It switched from P-40s to P-47s while based
at Corsica. Afterwards, in August, 1944, the group landed in France. The aircraft depicted served with two squadrons of the 324th FG. With the 314th FS first and with the
315th FS later on. Capt. Harry A. Chance experienced a belly landing near Luneville on January 9, 1945 while flying this aircraft. The aircraft was flown by the 314th FS.
The photo of the crashed aircraft shows the name 'Amy Lou' on the right cowling. The yellow marking symbolized the aircraft used by the 314th Fighter Squadron. The
dark shade of the right elevator can be seen in the photo – probably the camouflaged replacement part.
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2
H52
38
? 64
52 55
54
6+7
61
SM01
H12
33
H53
13
H4
4
H4
4
SM01
H4
4
1
SM01
H52
38
1
H4
4
2
60
4+5
53
54
H52
38
64
SM01
SILVER
SM01
YELLOW
H4
4
NEUTRAL
GRAY
H53
13
H52
OLIVE DRAB 38
BLACK
H12
33
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15
Jugs over Italy
STENCIL VARIANTS
S8
S9
S53
S40
S10
S10
S11
S70
S44
S59
S41 S60
S31 S12
S52
?
S32
S48 ? S47 ? S46 ? S45
S37
S38
S28
S49
S65
S27
S57
S6 S43
S56
S26
S62
S38
OUTSIDE ONLY
S36
S2
S23
S69
S58
S43
S4
S1
S20
S5
S57
S3
S65
S70
S49
S25
S16
S61
S24
S56
S22
S57
S21
S64
S57
S16
S55
S20
S23
S26
S54
S68
S70
S67
S63 S66
S13
S39 S10
S15 S50
S14
S70
S44
S42
S52
S7
S33
S51 S17
S18 S8
S19
?
S34
S29
S35
S52
?
S30
eduard
16
© EDUARD M.A., 2013
www.eduard.com
Printed in Czech Republic