Denmark´s IT Status 2002

Transcription

> Denmark´s IT Status 2002
Annex to IT for All - Denmark’s Future IT and Telecommunications Policy Statement
and Action Plan 2002.
> Colophon
Denmark’s IT status 2002
Annex to IT for All - Denmark’s
Future: IT and Telecommunications
Policy Statement and Action Plan
2002.
Available free of charge while stocks last on application to:
The National IT and Telecom Agency, Denmark
Tel. +45 1881
E-mail: [email protected]
www.netboghandel.dk
The publication can also be downloaded from
the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation’s website, www.videnskabsministeriet.dk
ISBN (Internet): 87-91258-18-9
Published by: The Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation
Bredgade 43
DK-1260 Copenhagen K
Tel. (+45) 3392 9700
Fax (+45) 3332 3501
E-mail: [email protected]
Printed by: K. Larsen & Søn A/S
web by: K. Larsen & Søn A/S
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ISBN: 87-91258-17-0
Creation date:24. april 2002
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preface.htm , references.htm , toc.htm , Denmarks_IT-status_2002.doc , Denmarks_ITstatus_2002.pdf
Denmarks IT-status 2002
24. april 2002
Annex to IT for All - Denmark’s Future: IT and Telecommunications
Policy Statement and Action Plan2002.
Denmark’s IT Status 2002 containsinformation on telecommunications
penetration and price trends, andsets out the facts and figures on the
use of IT by the Danish population,by the public sector, and by business
and industry. It also gives figures onIT training and education, on the size
of the IT employment market, andon IT research in Denmark.
Lastly, it presents summaries of a substantial proportion of the many
Government IT and telecommunications initiatives that have been
launched in recent years by different Danish ministries. These initiatives
reflect the steadily growing trend of using IT to improve public service,
both to companies and to individuals.
Table of Contents (3.17 KB)
Colophon (3.50 KB)
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> Preface
With the telecoms policy
agreement of 1999, in which the
principles for the future sightlines in telecoms policy were laid
down, it was decided that, on the
Government's behalf, I should
publish annually a network
statement to the Danish
Parliament. It is important to
assess the status of IT in
Denmark, since the transition to
the network society is under
constant development.
An assessment of this nature
cannot be made without facts
and figures. Hence the present
publication - Denmark's IT Status
2002 - which formed the basis
for the Government's IT and
Telecommunications Policy
Statement and Action Plan, IT for
All - Denmark's Future. The key
figures are based on a range of
underlying reports and surveys,
including the National IT and
Telecom Agency's The
Telecommunications Sector in
Denmark - Factual Report 2001,
2002.
Denmark's IT Status 2002 offers an
overview of the distribution of
telecommunications and price trends
in the telecommunications market. It
also presents interesting information
about the use of IT by the private
citizen, by the public sector and by
business and industry. Figures are
given for the number of students of
IT, on the capacity of the IT
employment market, as well as the
balance between supply of and
demand for IT professionals.
Additionally, it provides a survey of
the scale of IT research in Denmark.
In the second section, the
publication presents an important
selection of the many government IT
and telecommunications initiatives
launched in recent years. The
initiatives are a clear reflection of the
fact that IT is no longer the preserve
of the few, but has been widely
adopted across every ministerial
jurisdiction, and, to an everincreasing degree, is used to
improve public services to citizens
and businesses.
In sum, the publication provides a
comprehensive status report on
Denmark's application of IT.
> Table of contents
Introduction
1. Denmark's IT status 2002
1.1 Access to the Network Society
1.2 Business and Industry in the Network Society
1.3 The Public Sector in the Network Society
1.4 Danes in the Network Society
1.5 Skills in the Network Society
2. Major government IT and telecommunications initiatives
Contents
Introduction
2.1 IT Strategies and Major National Projects
2.2 Initiatives aimed at Business and Industry
2.3 Initiatives in e-Goverment
2.4 Initiatives aimed at the Public
2.5 Initiatives in Education
2.6 International Initiatives
Appendix A - Methodology
Appendix B - Abbreviations and glossary
References
Colophon
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> INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Danish Government's IT and
Telecommunications Policy Statement, IT for All Denmark's Future, is to take the pulse of Denmark's
transition to the network society.
Although self-contained, the present publication also
constitutes an annex to the Government's policy
statement and IT action plan, as presented to the
Danish Parliament.
It consists of two sections:
1. Denmark's IT Status 2002
The aim of this section is, through comprehensive
statistical data, to present a picture of Denmark's
transition to the network society. The section is
divided into the following five principal sub-sections:
made of Mondo: "Det offentlige
Danmark på nettet - barrierer og
muligheder" (Public service Denmark on
the Web - obstacles and opportunities)
and PLS RAMBØLL Management: "Top of
the Web", "The Digital Citizen" and "IT
in Practice 2001".
The National Telecom Agency (now
National IT and Telecom Agency):
"Trends within high-speed and
broadband connections in Denmark",
"The Telecommunications Sector in
Denmark - Factual Report 2001", 2002,
and "The Danes' Access to the Network
Society - review of new fast access
services for the Network Society".
A range of these reports, in Danish, can
A series of reports provide the basis for the
publication, of which the most significant are:
Statistics Denmark: "INFORMATIONSSAMFUNDET
DANMARK 2001" (Information society Denmark
2001), 2002, as well as Danish Ministry of Education,
Danish Ministry of Information Technology and
Research et al: "IT-arbejdskraft og -uddannelser udbud og efterspørgsel" (IT Personnel and
Qualifications - Supply and Demand). In addition, use
has been
be found on the website of the Ministry
of Science, Technology and Innovation
at www.vtu.dk, under temaer/Itstatistik, or can be obtained by applying
to the Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation.
Appendix A contains a short description
of the most important sources. Appendix
B gives a list of abbreviations and a
glossary.
2. Government IT and
Telecommunications Initiatives
This section of the publication provides a
general survey of some of the major and
more significant state IT and
telecommunications initiatives. It is not
the intention to provide a
comprehensive report on all government
IT activities. The section takes as its
basis contributions from the individual
ministries and focuses on:
2.1 IT Strategies and Major National
Projects
2.2 Initiatives aimed at Business and
Industry
2.3 Initiatives in e-Government
1. Denmark´s IT status
- In comparison with other countries, Denmark has a very
high annual turnover per inhabitant in the
telecommunications sector (approximately DKK 6,700), due
to a very wide distribution of fixed-line and mobile telephony
and extensive Internet usage.
- In the OECD's (Organisation of Economic Coorperation
Development) comparisons of telecommunications prices,
Denmark is generally placed within the top half of the
rankings.
- The prices of fixed-line telephony have fallen by some 20
per cent since 1998. The prices for mobile telephony have
fallen by 27 per cent, and those for traditional (dial-up)
Internet access by more than 50 per cent.
- Between 1999 and 2001 the number of mobile phone
subscriptions rose by nearly 40 per cent. By the end of 2001
there were more than 3.9 million mobile phone subscriptions
in Denmark. This corresponds to 74 mobile phone
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.
- There are currently approximately 2 million Internet
subscriptions in Denmark (private and business).
Approximately 20 per cent of Danish households and SMEs
(small and medium-sized enterprises) had high-speed
Internet access by mid-2001.
- In comparison with other countries, Denmark has a high
level of accessibility to and distribution of high-speed
Internet access. At the European level, Denmark is among
the leading countries with regard to accessibility to and
distribution of ADSL (Assymmetric Digital Subseriber Line),
and the prices for ADSL in Denmark are among the very
lowest in Europe.
The telecommunications market
Turnover in the telecommunications market has risen in
relation to the previous year and is expected to rise further.
With the increased competition following the liberalisation of
telecommunications, total investment has also risen.
The turnover of the total Danish telecommunications market
was approximately DKK 33 billion in 2000. This corresponds
to a turnover in 2000 of approximately EUR 900 (DKK 6,700)
per inhabitant. In comparison, in 1999 the turnover was
approximately EUR 820 (DKK 6,100) per inhabitant. In 2001,
the turnover is expected to have risen further to
approximately EUR 1,000 (DKK 7,400) per inhabitant.
In 2000 Denmark had nearly the highest telecoms turnover
per inhabitant. This high turnover, on a level with the
turnovers in The Netherlands, Sweden and Norway, is due,
amongst other things, to the fact that these countries have a
very high distribution of fixed-line and mobile telephony and
high Internet usage.
The growth in the market also reflects the steadily increasing
number of companies wishing to offer telecoms services in
Denmark. As of August 2001, there were 16 nationwide
providers of fixed-line telephony in Denmark. There were 13
mobile telephony providers and 14 nationwide providers of
Internet access. Added to this are a large number of smallscale local providers offering various types of telephony and
Internet access.
With the increased number of companies in the market and
greater competition, the total investment in the telecoms
sector has risen. In 2000, a full DKK 9 billion was invested in
the Danish telecoms sector. This is around three times as
much as in the pre-liberalisation years.
TDC Tele Danmark continues to be the largest provider in
the Danish telecommunications market. It appears from
Table 1 that in 2000 TDC Tele Danmark had a turnover of
approximately DKK 22.8 billion. This corresponds to
approximately 70 per cent of the total turnover in the Danish
telecoms market.
As Figure 2 shows, competition in the telecoms market has
led to TDC Tele Danmark losing market share to competing
companies in many subsectors of the market.
Especially in the markets for mobile telephony, Internet
access and fixed-line domestic and international traffic, the
competing companies have captured significant market
shares. In the market for fixed-line subscriptions TDC Tele
Danmark still holds a very strong position, with a market
share of 90 per cent. Many of these subscriptions however
are utilised - through carrier selection or carrier pre-selection
- by other companies to handle their own telecoms traffic. By
the end of the first half of 2001, there were more than 2.8
million applications to use carrier selection or carrier preselection
The trend in fixed-line telephony
The total of fixed-access subscriber lines has grown and can
be ascribed primarily to the growth in ISDN (Integrated
Servicer Digital Network) subscriber lines.
Denmark and the other Scandinavian countries have the
lowest fixed-line prices.
The number of fixed-access subscriber lines is growing and
by the end of the first half of 2001 amounted to over 3.8
million. This corresponds to 72.5 subscriber lines per 100
inhabitants. The rise can be ascribed primarily to the growth
in the number of ISDN subscriber lines.
Compared with a range of other European countries, the
number of subscriber lines per 100 inhabitants is very high
in Denmark. Norway is the only country with a higher
number of subscriber lines per 100 inhabitants, as appears
from Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the trend in the lowest-price
offer of 900 minutes' fixed-line telephony per quarter. As this
illustrates, the price for 900 minutes of fixed-line telephony
has fallen by 13 per cent over the period from August 1998
to November 2001, when calculated at current prices. Taking
inflation into account, this represents a fall in price of some
20 per cent.
Regular price comparisons of telecoms services are carried
out both internationally and nationally. One of the bestestablished is the OECD's quarterly price index, which,
amongst other things, compares private consumers' annual
telecoms costs when using the largest national company - in
Denmark's case, TDC Tele Danmark. It is not therefore a
question of comparing the cheapest offers on the market.
From Figure 5 it emerges that, of the countries compared,
Denmark is ranked at position 4. Only Germany, The
Netherlands and Sweden offer consumers lower prices
through their largest national companies. The figure shows
the price for a typical annual usage of a private fixed-line
subscription, a so-called "basket". The comparison does not
take into account the difference in price levels in the
different countries. If such a correction is made, it emerges
that only Norway and Sweden are cheaper than Denmark.
The trend in mobile telephony
The price of mobile telephony has fallen over recent years,
by 27 per cent in the period from August 1998 to November
2001.
The use of SMS (short message service) has risen markedly
over recent years, and this trend is expected to continue.
As in most other countries in Europe, in Denmark there is a
comparatively high distribution of mobile telephony. There
are currently four companies who have established GSM
mobile networks in Denmark. Added to this are a number of
companies who only offer mobile services through leasing
within these networks. In October 2001 - following an
auction - licences were granted to four different companies
to establish 3G mobile networks in Denmark. One of these
licences was issued to the HI3G company, which has not
previously operated in the Danish telecommunications
market.
As appears from Figure 6, at the end of 2000 there were
approximately 63 mobile phone subscriptions per 100
inhabitants in Denmark. This was lower than in the other
Nordic countries and lower than in The Netherlands and in
the UK.
Measured in relation to all OECD countries however,
Denmark is situated more than 20 percentage points above
the 2000 average for the distribution of mobile telephony.
As appears from Figure 7, the prices for mobile telephony
are falling. In the period from August 1998 to November
2001, the lowest-priced offer of 450 minutes of mobile
telephony per quarter fell by 21 per cent at current prices.
When corrected for inflation, the price fall amounts to some
27 per cent.
In comparing Danish mobile telephony prices with those in
other countries, it can be seen that Danish consumers (in
this case customers of TDC Mobil) are offered relatively low
prices for mobile telephony. As appears from Figure 8, of the
countries under comparison, it is only in Finland that
consumers are offered lower prices than in Denmark. The
same result appears when a correction is made for the
different price levels in different countries.
Use of SMS has risen markedly over recent years. From the
1st half of 2000 to the 2nd half of 2001 the number of SMSs
sent rose by approximately 250 per cent - from 287 million
in the 1st half of 2000 to 743 million in the 2nd half of
2001(see Figure 9).
This trend is expected to continue and become even
stronger, in pace with the increasing extent to which the
telecoms companies offer content services via SMS. This is a
trend also seen in the other Nordic countries. The growth in
the use of mobile phones is also expected to be underpinned
by the fact that they will increasingly be viable as a means of
payment for cinema tickets, parking, flowers, pizza and
much more.
The trend in Internet services
There are nearly 2 million Internet subscriptions in Denmark.
The price of Internet access via modem has fallen markedly
since 1998. Only the USA, Germany and Finland are cheaper
than Denmark.
The National Telecom Agency's half-year statistics for the
2nd half of 2001 show that there were nearly 2 million
Internet subscriptions in Denmark. This includes both private
and business subscriptions.
The price for Internet access via modem (dial-up) has fallen
markedly since 1998. As Figure 10 shows, the lowest-priced
offer for 600 minutes of dial-up Internet usage per quarter
fell by 53 per cent in the period from August 1998 to
November 2001. This corresponds to a price fall of 56 per
cent once account is taken of inflation. The heaviest price fall
occurred in the spring and summer of 1999.
In comparing the Danish prices for dial-up Internet access
with the prices in other countries, it can be seen that - in
spite of the large price fall - they are not among the very
lowest.
Figure 11 compares the prices in different countries for 20
hours of dial-up Internet access per month from the biggest
national company. In Denmark's case this concerns the
prices at TDC Internet. Note here that these prices are not
the lowest on the market.
Looking at the prices for private consumers' Internet usage
of 20 hours per month including subscription and usage, it
emerges from Figure 11 that Danish prices are lower than
the EU average, but higher than in Germany, France, Finland
and the USA. Corrected for the different price levels in
different countries, in this comparison only the USA, Finland
and Germany are cheaper than Denmark.
High-speed access to the Internet
Access to the Internet is generally on the rise. Comparing
availability of high-speed access in Denmark with that in
other countries, only Germany and South Korea have greater
availability.
Over recent years there has been a large increase in both
availability and distribution of high-speed access to the
Internet. High-speed access is defined here as access which
allows transmission speeds faster than those of ordinary dialup modem connections.
Overall, Danish consumers currently have excellent options
for gaining high-speed access to the Internet through a
range of different technologies. This applies in particular to
ISDN, ADSL and cable modems, which represent the
commonest technologies. In December 2000 seven licences
were granted for the establishment of FWA (Fixed Wireless
Access) in Denmark.
As appears from Figure 12, availability of ADSL in Denmark
rose from 40 per cent of all households and SMEs at the end
of 1999 to 78 per cent at mid-2001. By mid-2002, ADSL
availability is expected to be 95 per cent.
Availability of cable modem has also risen. At the end of
1999 only 10 per cent of all households and SMEs with
access to cable TV were able to establish high-speed access
to the Internet via a cable modem. By mid-2001 this had
increased to 43 per cent and by mid-2002 availability is
expected to be at 70 per cent.
Figure 13 illustrates the expected trend in availability of
ADSL, cable modem and FWA for mid-2002 on a map of
Denmark divided into local authorities. The mapping is based
on information derived from the relevant access providers.
By mid-2002, ADSL is expected to be available in all local
authorities of Denmark. Cable modem connections are
expected to be available in a large number of predominantly
urbanised local authorities, and FWA is expected to be widely
available nationwide at speeds of up to 4Mbit/s.
The availability of ADSL in Denmark at 78 per cent of all
households is high in comparison with other countries. In
Europe only Germany has higher availability, 80 per cent,
while in South Korea ADSL availability is 93 per cent. In
other European countries availability is typically between 45
and 55 per cent.
Comparing cable modem availability in Denmark with that of
other countries, it appears that The Netherlands, the UK and
Sweden are a step ahead of Denmark as regards upgrading
of cable TV networks. However, with the ongoing extension
and upgrading of the Danish cable TV networks, Denmark
expects to reach the same level as these countries during
2002. The potential for access via cable TV networks is very
high, inasmuch as 70 per cent of all households in Denmark
have the potential to be connected to a cable TV network.
When it comes to actual usage of high-speed access in
Denmark, it can be seen that ISDN continues to be the most
widespread technology. At the end of the 2nd half of 2001
there were more than 398,000 ISDN-2 connections in
Denmark. This corresponds to approximately 15 per cent of
all households and SMEs.
With respect to ADSL, there is an appreciable increase in its
distribution in Denmark. The number of ADSL subscribers
rose from 26,000 at the end of 2000 to more than 150,000
at the end of the second half of 2001. The number of
subscribers who have established high-speed Internet access
via cable modem also increased markedly over recent years.
At the end of 1999, 4,000 subscribers had established access
via cable modem. By the end of 2000 this number had risen
to approximately 40,000 and by the end of 2001
approximately 87,000 subscribers had established highspeed Internet access via cable modem.
As regards the distribution of ISDN, see Figure 15, Denmark
lies just behind Germany, The Netherlands and especially
Norway, with a distribution of ISDN of 34 per cent. In
Sweden, the UK and South Korea, the distribution of ISDN of
under 10 per cent is due to the high distribution of ADSL.
As for the distribution of ADSL, as shown in Figure 16, with a
distribution of 2.5 per cent Denmark is well ahead compared
with other countries in Europe. In South Korea however,
there is a markedly higher distribution of ADSL connections.
Concerning the distribution of cable modems, Denmark is
also among the leading countries. It lies at the same level as
Sweden, with a distribution of just over 2 per cent. The
Netherlands, with a cable modem distribution of 4.7 per cent
is the European country with the highest distribution. In
South Korea however, the distribution is even higher.
Overall, approximately 20 per cent of Danish households and
SMEs had high-speed Internet access as of mid-2001.
As for the prices of ADSL, as seen in Figure 17, Denmark is
at the very cheapest end of the scale. For services
implementing a speed of 512 kbit/s only Sweden is cheaper
than Denmark (this speed is not offered in South Korea). For
services with a speed of 1,024 kbit/s Denmark is the
cheapest of the European countries under comparison. South
Korea is even cheaper than Denmark. For services with a
speed of 2,048 kbit/s only The Netherlands and South Korea
are cheaper than Denmark.
- 70 per cent of businesses use the Internet for
financial transactions, i.e. salary authorisations,
account payments and so on.
- The risk of hacking, viruses and the like is the
greatest obstacle to security which businesses
experience when using the Internet.
- In 2001, business e-commerce amounted to DKK 13
billion.
- There is widespread optimism for the future as
regards e-commerce, with 81 per cent anticipating
using it to an increasing degree.
- Gains through the improved efficiency and
rationalisation of work processes are perceived to be
the most widespread results of
e-commerce.
- Problems with payments are one of the most
important obstacles to e-commerce.
- The turnover of the IT sector nearly doubled, from
DKK 110 billion in 1994 to DKK 198 billion in 2000.
- The number of new IT businesses has risen sharply
in Denmark, such that there are now some 14,000, a
rise of 33 per cent since 1992.
- Employment in IT businesses grew from 70,000 in
1992 to 96,000 in 1999.
- Imports of IT products rose from DKK 32 billion in
1996 to DKK 50 billion in 2000. In the same period,
exports rose from DKK 21.5 billion to DKK 39 billion.
Danish businesses' use of IT
95 per cent of Danish businesses with at least 5
employees use information technology, and 89 per
cent have Internet access.
Among businesses' Internet activities, information
searches and financial transactions are the dominant
application areas, but electronic commerce is also a
growth area.
The most significant obstacle to the use of IT is the
lack of personnel with IT skills in individual
businesses, but the rapid introduction of new software
and a lack of flexibility by suppliers of information
technology also complicate the use of IT.
Business Internet access
Most Danish businesses have high-speed Internet
access, in particular via ADSL connections. This allows
a more advanced and business-oriented use of the
Internet.
95 per cent of all businesses with at least 5
employees use information technology in the form of
PCs (Personal Computers) or similar. 89 per cent of
businesses had Internet access in 2001, more than
half had websites and around 1 in 3 businesses with
at least 5 employees had placed orders via websites.
Access to the Internet is most common among large
businesses, but even among the smallest businesses
with 5 to 9 full-time employees, 85 per cent have
Internet access. Internet access increases with the
size of the business measured by the number of
employees, and Figure 3 demonstrates that, in nearly
all cases, businesses with at least 20 employees have
access to the Internet.
If comparing sectors, there is on the whole no
difference in the proportions of businesses with
Internet access. Business services constitute the
sector with the most widespread Internet access, with
more than 9 in 10 having access. Industry, and trade,
hotel and catering, are situated precisely at the
average, with 9 in 10 in these sectors having Internet
access. Just below the average are the building and
construction sectors and transport, post and
telecommunications, where around 8 in 10 have
Internet access.
Approximately half of businesses with 5-9 employees
had their own website in 2000, as seen in Figure 5.
The proportion of businesses with websites increases
markedly with size, from 52 per cent for businesses
with 5-9 employees to 89 per cent for those with 100
or more employees.
Businesses anticipate a certain growth in this
proportion, such that 7 in 10 businesses will have
websites by the end of 2002. The growth is expected
to be most notable in the groups of businesses where
the distribution is currently the lowest, i.e. businesses
with few employees.
The distribution of both intranets and extranets
increases markedly with the size of business. An
intranet is a website which is only accessible from
within an individual business. An extranet, on the
other hand, is a website which is made accessible
from outside an individual business only to a limited
group.
67 per cent of businesses with at least 100 employees
had an intranet in 2001, while for businesses with at
least 10-19 employees the proportion was slightly
more than 1 in 5.
In 2000, 13 per cent of businesses had an extranet.
Extranets, like intranets, are somewhat more
widespread among the largest businesses, but their
prevalence is especially notable among businesses
with at least 100 employees, of which 1 in 3 have
extranets.
A European survey from 2000 shows that 70 per cent
of businesses in the EU have Internet access, and that
the average for businesses with their own websites is
40 per cent.
Denmark is the country in Europe with the largest
proportion of businesses with their own websites.
57 per cent of Danish businesses have their own
websites, whereas for German and Irish businesses
the proportions are 54 and 52 per cent respectively.
Overall, 84 per cent of Danish businesses have
Internet access, which, together with Germany and
Ireland, represents the highest proportion in the EU.
The totals for businesses with their own websites
varies slightly from Figure 5, where the proportion of
such businesses amounts to 72 per cent. The reason
for this difference is that the figures from Statistics
Denmark are more recent.
PC and Internet users in businesses
Even though nearly all employees are employed in
businesses which make use of IT, only a portion of
staff use PCs directly in their work. Among all
employees in the sectors surveyed, PC users
amounted to 59 per cent and Internet users to 47 per
cent. It emerges from Figure 8 that there is a
tendency for the proportion of both PC and Internet
users among employees to decline as the size of the
businesses does.
Looking more closely at employees' use of PCs by
sector, it emerges from Figure 9 that PCs are most
widespread in business services, where 8 in 10 of the
sector's employees use PCs. In the other service
industries - trade, hotel and catering, and transport,
post and telecommunications - approximately 6 in 10
employees are PC users. In industry, half work with
PCs, and the lowest proportion is found in building
and construction, where a little under a third of staff
use PCs in their work.
2 in 3 employees in business services can be
characterised as Internet users, which raises this
sector well above the average. There then follows the
trade, hotel and catering sector, where approximately
every other employee uses the Internet, slightly more
than in transport, post and telecommunications.
Within the industry sector and building and
construction, Internet users comprise, respectively,
every 3rd and every 4th employee.
Businesses' application of the Internet
Approximately 7 out of 10 businesses with Internet
access use the Internet for financial transactions, i.e.
salary authorisations, account payments and the like.
Around half use the Internet to communicate with
public authorities.
A quarter recruit personnel through the Internet.
Obstacles to businesses' application of the Internet
are perceived in particular to be the risks from
hacking, viruses and the like.
A very large proportion - approximately 7 in 10
businesses - use the internet for financial
transactions, i.e. salary authorisations, account
payments and the like. Half use the Internet to
communicate with public authorities.
24 per cent of businesses use the Internet to recruit
personnel. It is predominantly the slightly larger
businesses that use the Internet for recruitment.
19 per cent of business have effected online payments
via a website, which corresponds to 1 in 2 of the
businesses which have placed orders over the
Internet. Around one in four businesses with Internet
access have accepted orders via their own website.
The biggest obstacle to using IT is a lack of personnel
with IT skills in the business. This is considered to be
a major obstacle in 16 per cent of businesses.
Obstacles relating to products and suppliers have,
overall, great significance for businesses. This relates
to the rapid introduction of new software and a lack of
flexibility in IT suppliers, which are seen as major
problems by 17 and 13 per cent, respectively. Next
are faults in supplied software, which is a major
problem for 12 per cent of businesses.
IT costs which are higher than anticipated are a major
problem for 14 per cent of businesses, and 9 per cent
have difficulty in recruiting employees with IT skills.
Nearly the same proportion, 7 per cent, lack an up-todate IT strategy, whereas only 5 per cent consider
resistance to IT among employees to be an obstacle.
Figure 12 reveals that the risks from hacking, viruses
and so on represent the biggest obstacle to
businesses' use of the Internet, with 3 out of 10
attaching great importance to this factor.
17 per cent of businesses consider that the costs of
development and maintenance of websites are very
significant. 13 per cent are concerned about slow or
unstable data communications and, similarly, 14 per
cent of businesses perceive the costs of
hardware/software to be an obstacle. 8 per cent find
that the Internet offers them few advantages, and 12
per cent consider that lost working hours through
Internet use is a major problem. Somewhat fewer - 8
per cent - think that usage costs, i.e. subscriptions
and usage charges, are of great importance. Only 5
per cent think that the Internet is too complicated at a
technical level.
Electronic commerce
There has been an increase in the proportion of
businesses which anticipate e-commerce sales, and it
is business to business trade which, in particular, is
expected to grow.
There is widespread optimism for the future as
regards e-commerce, with 81 per cent anticipating
using it to an increasing degree.
Gains through the improved efficiency and
rationalisation of work processes, both internally and
across businesses, are perceived to be the most
widespread results of e-commerce.
For businesses, the biggest obstacle in e-commerce is
the lack of security for payment transmissions.
In 2001 business e-commerce amounted to DKK 13
billion.
As can be seen in Figure 13, business to business
(B2B) trade, in particular, increased, from 22 per cent
in 1999 to 57 per cent in 2001. But in the area of
business to consumer (B2C) trade also, the last year
has seen an increase.
It should be emphasised that in the foregoing ecommerce is to be understood as the purchase and
sale of goods involving an electronic transaction, and
not for example, a consumer using the Internet to
find out about an item before purchase, or simply
placing an order for the goods in question over the
Internet.
Figure 14 shows that sales to businesses dominate ecommerce. Only a small proportion of e-commerce 20 per cent - is to private consumers, the rest is sales
to other businesses or to the public sector.
In all, a third of all businesses with Internet sales
have integrated their sales with other IT systems.
Most commonly, this applies to ordering systems and
invoicing, so that Internet sales do not have to be
manually transferred to the traditional systems; see
Figure 15.
From Figure 16 it emerges that it is predominantly
wholesale trade which makes up Internet sales, with
54 per cent of total sales. Industry represents 15 per
cent and other trade 11 per cent. Business services,
representing 7 per cent, comprises, for example,
estate agents, solicitors, architects and many other
forms of service.
81 per cent of Internet sales occur in the domestic
market. Other EU countries account for 14 per cent,
while only 4 per cent are made to the rest of world;
see Figure 17.
31 per cent of all businesses have integratedecommerce into their business strategies; see Figure
18.
E-commerce provides exposure in the marketplace,
but otherwise struggles to achieve direct marketrelated results. Only a few businesses have
experienced that e-commerce produces more loyal
customers, access to a wider market or a direct
increase in turnover; see Figure 19.
Figure 20 shows high expectations for the future of ecommerce. 81 per cent anticipate using
e-commerce to a greater degree with their trading
partners, and 45 per cent anticipate the same for
private customers.
Figure 21 demonstrates the most significant obstacles
to the sale of goods and services over the Internet.
The primary obstacle to be emphasised is that of a
business' goods/services not being suited to Internet
sales. This is the view of 3 out of 10 businesses. A
second fundamental barrier to
e-commerce is the lack of a client base, which nearly
1 in 5 businesses consider to be of great importance,
while 15 per cent see the lack of security for payment
transmissions as a major problem.
Lack of certainty over contractual agreements is of
great importance for 15 per cent, while 9 per cent find
considerations of current marketing channels to be a
major problem. Nearly the same proportion attach
great importance to problems of distribution and
supply of goods sold.
Looking only at businesses which actually useecommerce, the significance of the obstacles is
assessed to be generally somewhat lower. This is true
- not surprisingly - first and foremost of the
fundamental obstacles concerning the suitability of
goods and the client base. One relatively major
problem is the lack of certainty over contractual
agreements.
Businesses which have implemented an e-commerce
solution experience significant degrees of both
organisational and technical problems; see Figure 22.
But it is apparently the technology that poses the
greatest problems. More than half of the businesses
using e-commerce see systems integration as the
biggest problem.
Besides technical problems, time pressures over the
implementation of e-commerce are perceived, in
particular, to be very challenging. Immature
technologies and lack of skills at the supplier-end are
other factors indicated by the businesses surveyed.
IT security in Danish businesses
The number of businesses which anticipate problems
with virus attacks has doubled. In the area of
telecommunications problems too, there has been a
marked increase in comparison with 2000.
99 per cent of Danish businesses expected to suffer a
virus attack in 2001, a rise of 42 percentage points
over 2000. Problems with tele-communications are
also on the increase. 64 per cent of businesses had
problems in 2000, while the forecasted proportion of
businesses with telecommunications problems in 2001
was 90 per cent. On the other hand, fewer businesses
were expected to encounter problems with the
Internet in 2001, which is the one aspect of IT
security in which a declining number of problems are
reported. To a moderate extent, businesses have
encountered or reported industrial espionage. It is
expected that, from 2000 to 2001, there will be a rise
in Danish businesses encountering industrial
espionage from 1 to 3 per cent.
Looking at security measures implemented by Danish
businesses in the year 2000, it emerges from Figure
24 that the most widespread were subscriptions to
anti-virus programs, use of firewalls and off-site
storage of backup data. 95 per cent of businesses had
subscriptions to anti-virus programs, 80 per cent used
firewalls, and 73 per cent used off-site storage of
backup data as important precautions. In 2000,
relatively few businesses - some 13 per cent - were
using digital signatures.
The IT sector
The turnover of the IT sector has nearly doubled,
from DKK 110 billion in 1994 to DKK 198 billion in
2000.
The growth in the IT sector is due in particular to
trends within the IT consultancy industry, both as
concerns the number of businesses and their
employees.
The number of businesses in the IT sector is
increasing sharply. In 1992 there were 10,631 such
businesses, while in 1999 there were 14,132, a rise of
33 per cent. The increase is due primarily to trends
within the IT consultancy businesses, with the number
of businesses increasing from 6,349 in 1992 to 10,456
in 1999. Businesses within the IT consultancy
businesses represent therefore 74 per cent of all
businesses within the IT sector. Businesses in IT
wholesaling amount to 19 per cent, while those in IT
manufacturing account for 6 per cent and those in
telecommunications for 1 per cent.
Within IT manufacturing the number of businesses fell
from 1,010 in 1992 to 874 in 1999, corresponding to
a 13 per cent drop. For IT wholesaling, the decrease
is more prominent, since the proportion fell by 19 per
cent to 2,618 businesses.
Trends within the IT sector, and especially within the
IT consultancy business, are reflected in the
significant influx of new IT business, which rose from
1,200 in 1992 to 1,973 in 1999.
The start-up rate for the IT sector, i.e. the proportion
of new businesses to the total number of businesses,
was 14 per cent in 1999 and is therefore significantly
above the level for the private sector as a whole (5
per cent). The start-up rate is highest within the IT
consultancy business (17 per cent), but is also high in
tele-communications, where there are in fact
relatively few businesses, with the total number in
1999 amounting to just 184. For IT wholesaling the
start-up rate was somewhat higher (6 per cent) than
in the private sector as a whole, while the start-up
rate in IT manufacturing was 4 per cent and
consequently below the average.
Comparing Figures 25 to 27 it emerges that the startup rate and number of new businesses is high
throughout the IT sector, but especially within the IT
consultancy business. Indirectly, this also reflects that
many of the businesses in the IT sector have ceased
operating, since the trend in the number of business
is significantly lower than the number of new
businesses.
The turnover of the IT sector near doubled, from DKK
110 billion in 1994 to DKK 198 billion in 2000. The
total turnover for the private sector in 2000 was DKK
2,083 billion, while in 1994 it was DKK 1,450 billion.
IT manufacturing's turnover corresponds to 16 per
cent of the IT sector's total turnover in 2000, while IT
wholesaling, telecommunications and IT consultancy
represent 49 per cent, 15 per cent and 19 per cent,
respectively. The turnover in the IT consultancy
business in particular has moved ahead since 1992.
As appears from Figure 29, showing the trend in the
IT sector's turnover compared with that of the total
private sector turnover, the IT sector has enjoyed
strong growth. From 1998 to 2000 the IT sector's
turnover rose by 9 percentage points more than the
private sector as a whole.
The added value, i.e. net turnover less cost of sales,
for the IT sector excluding telecommunications, rose
by 59 per cent from 1992 to 1999, when the added
value amounted to DKK 49.9 billion. The private
sector as a whole in the same period had an added
value of 35 per cent, and the IT sector thus also
represented a larger proportion of the total added
value in 1999 (8 per cent) as compared to 1992 (6.8
per cent).
The IT consultancy business represents a steadily
increasing proportion of the IT sector's added value,
since the sector's proportion rose from 30 per cent in
1992 to 42 per cent in 1999, while the proportions of
IT manufacturing and IT wholesaling fell. In IT
manufacturing's case this was from 28 per cent to 21
per cent, and for IT wholesaling from 42 per cent to
37 per cent.
In total in 1999 there were 96,250 full-time
employees in the IT sector, breaking down into 29 per
cent in each of IT wholesaling and IT consultancy, 22
per cent in IT manufacturing and 20 per cent in
telecommunications.
The number of full-time employees in the IT sector
has grown by 41 per cent since 1992. This rapid
growth is due in particular to the trend in the IT
consultancy business, where employment more than
doubled, i.e. from 12,600 in 1992 to 28,400 in 1999.
In the same period, IT wholesaling grew by 5,500 fulltime employees, an increase of 25 per cent, while
telecommunications had an increase of 6,200 full-time
employees, or 47 per cent. Employment in IT
manufacturing was largely unchanged throughout the
1990s and amounted to 21,000 full-time employees in
1999.
The IT sector was most important in the County of
Copenhagen, where its share of private sector
employment was 5 percentage points above the
national average. The City of Copenhagen and the
Counties of Frederiksborg and Århus were also above
the average with 2, 3 and 1 percentage points,
respectively. The Counties of Bornholm and Ribe were
at the other end of the scale. In these counties, the IT
sector's share of private sector employment was 5
percentage points below the national average.
The number of full-time employees in the IT sector in
relation to private sector employment is generally
relatively high in Denmark, compared with the other
Nordic countries. As stated in the foregoing the
consultancy sector in particular accounts for a large
proportion of IT employment in Denmark. IT
manufacturing's share of total employment in the IT
sector is however less in Denmark than, for example,
in Finland.
Import and export of IT products
Both the import and export of IT products have
declined slightly over the last year, but over a fiveyear period, there has been a steep increase. More IT
products have continually been imported than
exported.
The import of IT products rose from DKK 31.9 billion
in 1996 to DKK 49.4 billion in 2001, corresponding to
an increase of DKK 17.5 billion or 55 per cent. The
largest categories of goods were computers and
telecommunications equipment, which represent,
respectively, DKK 8 billion and DKK 7 billion of the
total import of IT products, and it was
telecommunications equipment that showed the
largest increase in imports from 1996 to 2001.
The total export of IT products was less extensive
than imports: in 1992, DKK 21.4 billion of IT products
were exported, rising to DKK 38.7 billion in 2001. In
actual amounts, exports of IT products thus grew by
DKK 17.3 billion, or slightly less than imports, but the
increase was relatively greater than for imports.
Telecommunications equipment was the largest
category of goods, with an export value of DKK 12.6
billion in 2001. This was also the category of goods
which showed the most appreciable increase in the
same period. Metering equipment and computers are
the next largest category of IT products exported in
2001, with a total export value of, respectively, DKK
8.3 billion and DKK 7.8 billion.
Setting imports against exports, it emerges from
Figure 36 that they increased by and large to the
same degree from 1996 to 2001, so that, in Denmark,
we continue to import more than we export.
Comparing imports and exports with the other Nordic
countries, it emerges from Figure 37 that only
Sweden and Finland export more than they import.
Denmark exports approximately 20 per cent less than
she imports. Finland exports approximately 80 per
cent more than she imports.
It should be noted that imports and exports do not
present a full picture of the balance of trade in the IT
sector, since the imports and exports of consultancy
services are not included.
- All ministries, county councils and local authorities have a
website.
- Half of public service websites allow different printed
information to be requested. 40 per cent of public service
websites make forms available which citizens can submit
directly online.
- Danes expect in the future to use the Internet to an
increasing extent in their communications with public
services.
- IT infrastructure and electronic services aimed at citizens
and businesses are the areas where most public institutions
are making IT investments.
- Two out of three institutions in the public sector have
experienced greater efficiency as a result of IT investments.
- Most local authorities offer a wide range of services to
citizens over the Internet, with electronic payments being
one area displaying rapid growth.
- More than two-thirds of public institutions in Denmark have
a strong belief that digital signatures are a social concern
comparable with the Danish civil registration number (CPR).
- Half of the local authorities consider that the insufficient
standardisation of digital signatures is a significant obstacle
to electronic services to citizens.
Facilities on public service websites
All county councils, local authorities, ministries and
universities have their own website.
It has become easier to contact public services over
the Internet, among other things because of the publication
of contact names on websites.
All county councils and local authorities have their own
website. All ministries also have a website, and, with a few
exceptions, the remainder of central government (ministerial
agencies and administrations and so forth), is similarly
covered. Figure 1 shows that websites for councils,
commissions and committees are not available to the same
degree. Account should be taken, however, of the fact that
many such bodies are likely to be presented on a ministry or
ministerial agency website, and are therefore covered
nonetheless.
All universities have their own website, but only 26 per cent
of the country's primary and lower secondary schools have a
website. As for upper secondary schools, 82 per cent have a
website.
Finally, it may be noted that only 30 per cent of hospitals
have their own website.
It has become easier to make contact with the public sector
over the Internet. It is, for example, easy to find relevant
contact names and information officers on the websites of
county councils, ministries and their agencies. Additionally,
as appears from Figure 2, more than half of the websites
feature meaningful and descriptive textual links.
Furthermore, 13 county councils, 18 ministries and 39
ministerial agencies use their websites to advertise job
vacancies/appointments; these correspond to 78 per cent of
the total of 90 county councils, ministries and agencies.
On more than half of the websites for county councils,
ministries and agencies, printed information is available on
request, and on slightly more than a third forms can be
downloaded. Additionally, it emerges from Figure 3 that 48
per cent of county, ministry and agency websites have a
separate press office. As concerns electronic services from
local authorities, these are dealt with in a separate section at
the end of the section devoted to the public sector in the
network society.
Ministries, their agencies and directorates are the public
institutions which to the greatest extent observe the WAI
(Web Accessibility Initiative) international criteria for
assisting the disabled to use websites. There is however a
long way to go. For ministries, agencies and directorates, it
is the case that 30 per cent of websites observe accessibility
criteria, while for hospital services' websites, the figure is
around 5 per cent.
There is a relatively large difference in the extent of digitally
available forms when searching the different public
institutions' websites. Where hospitals provide no forms on
their websites, almost 40 per cent of county councils and
local authorities provide citizens with a facility for submitting
forms over the Internet.
Around a quarter of county and local authority websites
provide a Help facility as an aid to use of the website.
Denmark is one of the countries in which the population has
the greatest extent of online contact with the public services,
be they institutions within central or local government. This
is partly due to the extent of the public sector, partly
confidence in the public sector and partly the prevalence of
public service websites.
Figure 6 shows that 47 per cent of the Danish population had
contact with the public services in 2001. Denmark is only
outperformed by Norway, where 53 per cent had contact
with the public services.
It is not just information searches that the Danish population
carries out on public service websites. To a large extent,
Danes also make use of them to download forms, for
example. Danes, more than any others, transmit personal
data to the public authorities over the Internet. As concerns
payments to public authorities over the Internet, Denmark is
among the most advanced countries; see Figure 7.
Looking at the Danes' confidence in supplying personal
information, it appears that there are more who feel
unconfident, 55 per cent, than confident, 31 per cent. In
spite of this, the Danes' use of the Internet in contacting
public authorities is high in comparison with other countries.
IT investment in the public sector
IT infrastructure and electronic services aimed at citizens
and businesses are the areas where most public institutions
are making IT investments. There are also high expectations
of increasing investment in electronic services to citizens and
businesses.
Two out of three institutions in the public sector have
experienced greater efficiency as a result of IT investments.
Other appreciable improvements include swifter service to
citizens and businesses and the emergence of new services.
83 per cent of the public sector anticipates increasing
investment in electronic services to citizens and businesses.
There are also expectations of increasing investment for the
improvement of working procedures and internal
information.
The Ministry of Finance calculated the total projected state
investment in IT as DKK 1.3 billion in 2001. Administrative
systems are anticipated to constitute the largest item in
state IT investments, since the estimate is that 40 per cent
of the total public service budget for IT investments will be
used for this objective; see Figure 9. The Internet is also one
of the heavyweight items among projected state IT
investments. It is expected that 27 per cent will be reserved
for investment in the Internet.
From Figure 10 it emerges that 64 per cent of institutions in
the public sector have made investments in information
technology infrastructure and 61 per cent in electronic
services to citizens and business.
Infrastructure and electronic services to citizens and
business are the areas where most public institutions are
making investments.
From Figure 11 it can be seen that there are, in the public
sector, high expectations of increasing investment in
electronic services to citizens and businesses. 83 per cent of
the public sector expects an increasing proportion of
investment in electronic services to citizens and businesses.
There are also general expectations of an increasing
proportion of investment for the improvement of working
procedures and internal information in the form of
administration, intranets, management information systems
and knowledge management. In 16 per cent of the public
sector, there are expectations of a falling proportion of
investment in office systems, which is the area expected to
see the largest drop in investment.
In considering the allocation of investments to services to
citizens and business, Figure 12 shows that 67 per cent of
county councils and 65 per cent of local authorities have
made investments in such services. As far as the counties
are concerned, some 17 per cent have made substantial
investments in services to citizens and businesses. Against
this, 12 per cent of both local authorities and government
institutions have made substantial investments in this area.
Figure 13 indicates that greater efficiency, improved quality
and better user information are among the most significant
results of IT investments in the public sector.
69 per cent of public institutions have thus experienced
greater efficiency as a result of IT investments. Other
notable improvements are swifter service to citizens and
business and the emergence of new services. In addition to
this, further appreciable improvements to internal conditions
within organisations include management, administration,
working conditions and employee satisfaction.
Expectations of and attitudes to e-service in the public
sector
The Danes' attitude to electronic self-service is generally
positive, and a third of the population expects to use the
Internet for democratic purposes.
More than two-thirds of public institutions in Denmark have a
strong belief that digital signatures are a social concern
comparable with the Danish civil registration number (CPR).
The majority of Danes consider that electronic self-service in
contacting the public sector offers service-related benefits.
Over two-thirds think that the public authorities ought to
offer services over the Internet to a greater extent.
83 per cent are positively disposed towards electronic selfservice when it comes to saving time. More than a third think
that electronic self-service in the public sector will provide
better service than is currently the case; see Figure 14.
More than half of Danes would be happy to see e-mail
replace traditional correspondence and expect in the future
to communicate to a greater degree with the public sector
over the Internet.
It is especially everyday users of the Internet who, in the
future, would be happy for communication with the public
sector to be based on electronic communication. Nearly half
of those who currently use either the Internet or e-mail to
contact the public sector are also happy for e-mail to replace
traditional correspondence; see Figure 15.
A third of Danes expect to use the Internet for democratic
purposes. Thus, 31 per cent responded that, if the
opportunity existed, they would engage in discussion with
politicians through, for example, a local authority website.
Slightly more, some 36 per cent, would, if this were possible,
participate more frequently in electronic consultations
concerning, for example, local planning or draft legislation. A
third aspect of e-democracy is to follow via the Internet local
council meetings or meetings in Parliament, for example; 27
per cent could imagine taking advantage of this in the future,
if the opportunity arose.
From Figure 17 it emerges that more than two-thirds of
public institutions in Denmark believe strongly that digital
signatures are a social concern comparable with the Danish
civil registration number, while 76 per cent of public
institutions believe, to at least some degree, that digital
signatures should be recorded on the public health insurance
card.
Local authorities in the network society
All local authorities have their own website, and most offer a
wide range of services to citizens over the Internet. For
example, more than 9 in 10 local authorities have a facility
for downloading forms from their websites.
Electronic payment is one area showing rapid growth among
local authorities. Most widespread is the option to sign up for
the Pengeinstitutternes BetalingsService (PBS) direct debits
by standing order, for automatic regular payments of local
authority day-care fees, for example.
Almost all local authorities have a website containing a
general e-mail address. For 3 in 4 local authorities,
e-mail addresses for the individual administrations are given
on their websites.
Nearly half of local authorities cite a lack of interoperability
among different applications as a major obstacle to
widespread use of IT. Moreover, half of local authorities see
the lack of standardisation in digital signature solutions as a
significant obstacle.
It emerges from Figure 18 that one area often featured on
local authority websites is information about local
democracy. Information about the composition of district
councils, minutes of district council meetings, notices of
council meetings and the composition of committees, etc.
are found on more than 90 per cent of local authority
websites. Almost as many local authorities provide
information about service provision and citizens' rights and
responsibilities.
Mailing lists are however less widespread: Fewer than one in
ten local authorities have published lists of mails received on
the Internet. This may be because open mailing lists are
more labour-intensive - for example, an individual
assessment has to be made of which letters can be
published.
More than 9 in 10 local authorities in 2001 had a facility for
downloading and printing out forms. Among the most
widespread were electronic tax returns on the website of
Told·Skat (tax office).
Just under 8 in 10 local authorities allow personal data to be
submitted to administrative systems, and 54 per cent allow
data from administrative systems to be viewed.
Figure 19 also shows that local authority documentation in
the form of pamphlets, local plans and the like can be
ordered via the websites of slightly more than 6 in 10 local
authorities.
Electronic payment is one area showing rapid growth in local
authorities. Most widespread is the option to sign up for PBS
direct debits by standing order, for automatic regular
payments of local authority day-care fees, for example.
Nearly half of local authorities anticipate being able to offer
this option by the end of 2001, and, in all, it is expected that
61 per cent will offer PBS before the end of 2002.
Approximately 3 in 10 local authorities allow electronic
subscriptions to selected news, with an anticipated increase
to 46 per cent in 2002. In 2001, only 3 per cent offer
personalisation of their websites' user interface (e.g. with
customisable menu setups, news, etc.), but this is expected
to increase to 14 per cent in 2002.
Almost all local authorities have a website containing a
general e-mail address. What difference there is between the
service which local authorities offer, amounts to which
sections of the organisation are represented through
individual
e-mail addresses on websites. In 3 out of 4 local authorities,
individual e-mail addresses for administrative departments
are given on their websites. Equally, the majority of local
authority institutions are represented on the websites of 67
per cent of local authorities; see Figure 20.
Approximately 6 in 10 local authorities give the e-mail
addresses of council members on their websites, while 4 in
10 give those of administrative staff. A fifth of local
authorities have all four categories of e-mail addresses
represented.
A number of local authorities have formed partnerships with
other local authorities on various IT activities. Most
widespread is cooperation in the development or acquisition
of applications, i.e. programs. In this area, a fifth of local
authorities have allied with counterparts. As concerns
websites and Internet portals, approximately 14 per cent are
in partnership; see Figure 21.
The frequency of partnership increases with the size of local
authorities.
Around a tenth of local authorities are in partnership with
other local authorities on the purchase of IT infrastructure
and the like, and about the same proportion have joint
ventures on operation, maintenance and usage, as well as on
the procurement of goods and services over the Internet.
The number of local authorities forming inter-authority
partnerships is expected to increase across all areas in 2002.
This is true to a particular degree in the operation,
maintenance and use of IT and the procurement of goods
and services over the Internet, which are expected to grow
by more than 50 per cent in 2002.
When examining what local authorities perceive as problems
in the introduction and application of IT, there are many
different practical factors which local authorities see as
obstacles.
4 in 10 local authorities cite a lack of interoperability, i.e. the
fact that different programs cannot be configured to work
together, to be a major obstacle in the general use of IT. A
fifth of local authorities state faults in supplied software,
while 15 per cent point to higher than projected expenditure
and a lack of commitment in management, to be significant
obstacles to the use of IT in local authorities; see Figure 22.
From Figure 23 it emerges that, when asked what major
obstacles they perceive in providing electronic services to
citizens, half of local authorities respond that digital
signatures are not sufficiently standardised. Next to that, 4
in 10 local authorities respond that it is difficult to free up
resources for development, while a third indicate difficulties
in adapting work procedures and the integration of existing
systems with the Internet.
Some of the obstacles have a differ in importance depending
on the local authorities' size; see table 1. The smallest local
authorities more frequently in considering that the potential
of electronic services to citizens do not justify the costs
involved. Equally, the small local authorities more frequently
find it difficult to free up development resources.
For the largest local authorities, a much more significant
problem is the integration of existing systems with the
Internet. Similarly, in large local authorities, adapting their
work procedures is a major problem.
IT expenditure in Danish local authorities
In 4 out of 10 local authorities, budgeted IT expenditure was
between DKK 400 and DKK 600 per inhabitant. However,
there is a wide spread in the level of expenditure, in that just
about 1 in 4 of local authorities had IT expenditures less
than DKK 400 per inhabitant and approximately a fifth of
local authorities spent at least DKK 600 per inhabitant.
Lastly, a fifth of local authorities were not in a position to
calculate total IT expenditure.
Looking at IT expenditure broken down by area, IT services
dominated with 64 per cent of total expenditure. By IT
services is meant data processing, procurement of external
data capacity and consultancy services. That IT service has
such a large share may be due to IT supply in which the
purchase of IT services includes, for example, the use of
software and hardware in a packaged solution.
The local authorities' expectations for the trend in IT
expenditure in 2001 vary somewhat, but typically tend to the
positive. In all areas of expenditure, approximately half of
local authorities anticipate unchanged expenditure or
moderate rises, meaning up to 4 per cent. Around 4 in 10
local authorities expect increases of at least 5 per cent, while
a tenth expect a straightforward decrease in expenditure.
The extent to which local authorities provide their own
solutions for IT functions or purchase the service varies
between the various IT functions. In certain areas it is the
local authorities themselves that principally provide the
solutions. This is the case for user support and the operation
of PC environments, which are undertaken predominantly
internally in 9 in 10 local authorities. The development of IT
strategy is undertaken predominantly internally in 8 in 10
local authorities, and a corresponding proportion takes
responsibility for the operation of their own servers.
It is different as concerns the project management of IT
procurement, in which half of local authorities predominantly
attend to the task themselves.
Even more purchase IT training for their users. In other
words, 22 per cent have this task fulfilled predominantly
externally, and 33 per cent of these tasks are dealt with
through a fairly even distribution between external and
internal solutions.
- The highly educated, men and Danes under 40 years
of age use PCs and the Internet significantly more
than other groups. The unemployed, elderly and
poorly educated use IT the least.
- For immigrant groups, the use of IT increases in line
with the length of their residence in Denmark.
- A fifth of the Danish population has made use of ecommerce within the last few years.
- The number of electronic transactions using charge
cards doubled in 2001.
- Denmark stands out - together with the other Nordic
countries - as being ranked top in Europe for
electronic commerce.
The Danes' use of PCs
A good half of the population use a PC at least once a
week, and 30 per cent use a PC at home every day.
The tendency is for the young to use PCs and the
Internet more frequently than the elderly.
Additionally, the use of PCs increases with the level of
education.
The unemployed use PCs less in comparison with
students and Danes in employment.
Figure 1 shows that 67 per cent of Danish households
have a PC, while 54 per cent have Internet access.
73 per cent of Danish households have a mobile
phone. In this area, there has been a steep increase
in the trend for owning consumer durables.
Figure 2 shows that a good half of the population use
a PC at least once a week, and 30 per cent use a PC
at home every day. The tendency is for the young to
use PCs and the Internet more frequently than the
elderly.
Analysed by sex, it can be seen that 60 per cent of
men use a PC once a week, as compared to 48 per
cent of women, and that daily use of a PC breaks
down into 36 per cent for men and 24 per cent for
women.
The level of education similarly plays a role in Danes'
use of PCs.
Among Danes with a higher education, 71 per cent
use PCs at home at least once a week against 40 per
cent of Danes with no more than a basic school
education. Between these is the segment of the
population with upper secondary or vocational
education, among whom 57 per cent use a PC weekly;
see Figure 3.
Figure 4 shows that students and white-collar workers
are the employment group which more than any other
uses PCs at home at least once a week. 77 per cent of
students and 67 per cent of white-collar workers use a
PC at least once a week. After the white-collar
workers come the self-employed, with a proportion of
58 per cent using a PC weekly. In comparison it can
be seen from Figure 4 that blue-collar workers and
that segment of the population outside of employment
use PCs least, when looking at usage of at least once
a week, with 40 and 28 per cent respectively.
The Danes' access to the Internet
In the 4th quarter of 2001, more than half of the
population had Internet access from home. Young
Danes have access to the Internet to a greater extent
than the elderly.
Internet access is most widespread among Danes with
a higher education.
In the 4th quarter of 2001, more than half of the
population had Internet access from home. 59 per
cent of the population as a whole had Internet access
from home, broken down as 60 per cent of men and
58 per cent of women.
In general, fewer people had Internet access from
their workplace than from home; however, the
difference is not considerable.
In considering Internet access in relation to the level
of education, it emerges from Figure 6 that this factor
- as was the case with PC usage - does influence the
access people have.
Internet
a higher
Internet
Internet
access is most widespread among those with
education. In this group, 75 per cent have
access from home, and 78 per cent have
access at their workplaces.
Among the population with no more than basic school
education, 46 per cent have Internet access from
home, and 37 per cent from their workplaces.
Internet access from home is most restricted in the
group outside of employment, where 32 per cent have
Internet access from home; see Figure 7.
Looking at the proportion of those in employment with
Internet access from home and from work, the least
access in each case is found among blue-collar
workers. Students and white-collar workers comprise
the groups with the greatest extent of Internet
access.
Among students, a full 6 out of 10 have Internet
access both from home and from their
workplace/educational institution, nearly the same as
for white-collar workers.
The difference between these two groups is that whitecollar workers, to a greater extent than students,
have access solely from home.
Considering the frequency of the population's use of
the Internet, Figure 8 shows that this depends on sex
and age. Also in relation to Internet usage, men are
the most frequent users, since a quarter of men are
on the Internet daily, as against 17 per cent of
women.
The frequency of Internet use falls with age in both
men and women. For men, the age group of 16-19
years is the peak, with just short of 60 per cent using
the Internet at least once a week, while for women in
this age group the figure is 54 per cent. In the age
group of 60 years or more, 21 per cent of men use
the Internet at least once a week. The corresponding
figure for women is 11 per cent.
Over half the population with a higher education
connects to the Internet at least once a week, and
just short of a third connect daily.
For that segment of the population with no more than
basic school education, 30 per cent are connected to
the Internet at least once a week, with 15 per cent
connecting daily.
Considering employment groups in relation to Internet
usage, from Figure 10 it emerges that, as with the
use of PCs, students and white-collar workers
comprise the groups which use the Internet to the
greatest extent. Figure 10 shows that, respectively,
59 and 58 per cent of students and white-collar
workers are connected to the Internet at least once a
week, and 31 and 27 per cent, respectively, are
connected daily. The self-employed also exhibit a high
proportion of daily Internet use, since 31 per cent of
them connect daily.
According to eEurope's estimation, Denmark is among
the countries with the highest proportion of the
population having Internet access. In comparison,
according to Figure 11, 64 and 65 per cent of
households in Norway and Sweden, respectively, are
connected. The EU average is 36 per cent, and
Greece, with 12 per cent of households with an
Internet connection, is the only country situated far
below the average.
Immigrants' and their descendants' access to
PCs and the Internet
Immigrants' and their descendants' access to the
Internet is determined in particular by the length of
their residence in Denmark.
Looking more closely at the ethnic groupings to which
Danish citizens belong, there is a relatively large
difference between the population groups as concerns
PC and Internet usage.
Among immigrants and their descendants, 63 per cent
have access to a PC and 44 per cent have access to
the Internet at home. It is immigrants of Iranian
background and their descendants who make up the
group with the most access to PCs and the Internet.
73 per cent of Iranian immigrants and their
descendants have access to a PC, while 51 per cent
have Internet access.
In comparison, 67 per cent of the Danish population
as a whole, including immigrants and their
descendants, have access to a PC at home and 54 per
cent have Internet access from home; see Figure 1.
Figure 13 shows that the longer immigrants have
resided in Denmark, the greater the proportion of
them with access to PCs and the Internet at home.
69 per cent of immigrants who have resided in
Denmark for more than 10 years have access to a PC
at home. 46 per cent of the group who have resided
in Denmark for between 3 and 5 years have access to
a PC at home; for those who have resided in Denmark
for 2-3 years the figure is 31 per cent.
49 per cent of the group who have resided in
Denmark for more than 10 years have Internet access
at home. 33 per cent of those who have been in
Denmark for 3-5 years have Internet access, against
only 14 per cent of those who have been in Denmark
for 2-3 years.
What do Danes use the Internet for?
Most Danes use the Internet to get information for
holiday and leisure use and for general news.
Men use the Internet especially for organisation and
information. Women use the Internet to a greater
extent for entertainment and communication.
Danes' participation in online communities is
concerned in particular with politics, dating, IT and
sport.
To examine more closely the motivation for using the
Internet, this is divided in Figure 14 into four
categories: Information, communication,
entertainment and organisation.
Men use the Internet in particular for organisation and
information, which is the case for, respectively, 59 per
cent and 56 per cent of Internet users. Organisation
in this respect covers the arranging of private
meetings and time-planning, and by information is
meant the collating of various factual information,
news and knowledge.
Women on the other hand use the Internet to a
greater extent for entertainment and communication,
inasmuch as 54 and 49 per cent cite these two
categories, respectively, as their motivation for using
the Internet. This compares with 41 and 44 per cent
using the Internet for, respectively, organisation and
information. The entertainment category covers the
use of the Internet for games, jokes, chat and
sensational journalism, while communication covers
communications of both a private and a public nature.
In comparison with last year, there has been an
increase in searches for information about holidays
and leisure and a decrease in the proportion of people
searching for information about people and health;
see Figure 15.
As many men as women search for information about
holidays and leisure. In general, men search more for
news, while women use the Internet more to find
information about people and health.
Figure 17 shows that the commonest reason for
Internet use is to send and receive e-mail, in that 31
per cent frequently use it for this purpose.
Next to that, the Internet is used for banking
transactions, with 22 per cent making frequent use of
it for this purpose.
Then comes searching for information, and addresses
and phone numbers, which 18 and 15 per cent
respectively frequently use the Internet for.
Online communities are meeting places on the
Internet where a group of people regularly participate
in various activities (e.g. discussion, chat about a
shared topic of interest such as classic cars, political
topics, role-play, dating). Online communities
represent a new type of communication and of
information, where people move from passive
searching for information to active information
exchange with others on the Internet.
75 per cent of Danes have no experience of online
communities, 13 per cent have participated but do not
do so currently, while 10 per cent currently
participate, half of these in several communities.
Figure 19 provides a picture of which topics attract
users to communities. At the top are politics, IT and
other technology, dating and sports. In each case, a
proportion of some 30 per cent have participated in
communities dealing with these topics.
Below these, there follow, in order, topics such as
music, which 22 per cent of users discuss; academic
and specialist forums with 19 per cent participation;
holidays and leisure accounting for 16 per cent; while
adult entertainment, health, and culture and the arts
account for, respectively, 11, 10 and 9 per cent of
online community users.
Electronic commerce
Within the last year, a fifth of the Danish population
has made use of electronic commerce. The number of
electronic transactions using charge cards nearly
doubled in 2001 compared with the previous year.
The most important reasons for shopping over the
Internet were stated to be that it is easier to find
goods than in ordinary shops and that it saves time
and money.
Men aged between 16 and 39 years made use of
electronic commerce to a greater extent than other
groups in the population.
The tendency to have experimented with electronic
commerce increases with the level of education.
Denmark stands out - together with the other Nordic
countries - as being ranked top in Europe for
electronic commerce.
Within the last year, a fifth of the Danish population
has made use of electronic commerce.
In general, men, to a greater extent than women,
have used the Internet to buy goods, as 22 per cent
of men surveyed had purchased over the Internet at
least once, while this was the case for 13 per cent of
women.
It is among men in the age groups of 16-19 and 2039, corresponding to a third, where most have made
a purchase over the Internet. Among women in the
population, it is the 20-39 year age group that has
experimented with shopping over the Internet to the
greatest extent.
Internet shopping generally declines with age and few
men or women over 60 years of age had shopped
over the Internet in the last year.
Looking more closely at what Danes purchase over
the Internet, entertainment and books, magazines
and newspapers make up the largest proportion, with
28 and 20 per cent of purchases, respectively. In
addition, travel-related products are also goods in
demand on the Internet.
eEurope has calculated that Sweden, with 48 per
cent, is the EU country in which the most Internet
users have purchased goods or services over the
Internet. Denmark, with 37 per cent, is situated
above the EU average of 31 per cent. The Nordic
countries again stand out among the EU countries as
being the ones where the citizens make the most use
of the Internet for shopping.
The number of card payments made to Danish online
stores has risen in each quarter since 1999, to the
point that in the 4th quarter of 2001 there were
nearly 500,000 card payments. This should be seen in
the light of the 447.5 million card payments annually
in Danish shops.
The number of card payments over the Internet has
seen a large increase during the time in which it has
been possible to buy goods over the Internet. In 2001
alone there was a doubling of the number, from
218,483 to 487,354.
As their most important reasons for buying over the
Internet, 18 per cent say that it is easier to find goods
than in ordinary shops, 24 per cent respond that it
saves money, and for 31 per cent the most important
reason for buying over the Internet is to save time.
The most important obstacle to buying over the
Internet is the problem of security of purchasing. 35
per cent of that segment of the population who are
able to engage in e-commerce, choose not to buy
over the Internet because of security concerns. For 34
per cent the most important reason for not buying
goods and services over the Internet is that they want
to see the goods before they buy.
- In the period from 1995 to 2000 there was a marked
increase in the number of students opting for higher
education in IT, from approximately 3,500 to approximately
6,500.
- There is a projected increased demand in IT manpower in
2004 for approximately 5,000, and an increased demand in
2010 for up to 10,000 people.
- IT research is one of the research areas showing the
steepest growth in the number of Danish researchers'
citations in international journals.
- Teleworking is still in its infancy. More than half of
businesses justify their investments in home PCs as
facilitating teleworking.
- Increased productivity is perceived by approximately half of
Danish businesses as a principal reason for introducing
teleworking. The financial cost of teleworking is perceived to
be the biggest drawback.
IT education in Denmark
There has been a marked increase in the number of students
opting for a higher education in IT, from approximately
3,500 in 1995 to approximately 6,500 in 2000.
Short-cycle further education in IT has risen more sharply
from approximately 2,000 to 5,900 over the period 1995 to
2000.
There is a projected increased demand for IT manpower in
2004 for approximately 5,000, and an increased demand in
2010 for up to 10,000 people.
In order to determine whether a sufficient number of IT
professionals is being trained, it is important to have an
overview of the Danish IT labour market. Figure 1 shows
that the IT labour market is characterised by the interaction
between the number of trained IT professionals, the number
of IT positions and the number employed in the IT sector.
The Figure illustrates the IT labour market's great flexibility.
It emerges from the Figure that in 2001 the IT sector
employed approximately 103,000, some 111,000 were
employed in an IT position, and finally that barely 60,000 of
the employed were trained IT professionals. The total given
for the number of people employed in the IT sector is not
precisely the same total as in Chapter 1.2, concerning
employment in the IT sector, since this figure does not
assess the number of full-time employees, but also includes
part-time employees.
The Figure also reveals that only 25 per cent, or 28,000 of
111,000, employed in an IT position are trained IT
professionals, and that, of those employed in an IT position,
69 per cent, or 77,000 of 111,000, are employed outside the
IT sector. Finally, a good third, or 24,000 of approximately
60,000, of those employed who are trained IT professionals,
do not occupy an IT position or work in the IT sector.
The number of IT undergraduates and graduates
Over the period 1995-2000, the number of persons currently
studying IT (undergraduate population) rose from
approximately 9,000 to approximately 16,000. The
population of the vocationally trained (EUD), such as
electronics engineers and data technicians, and graduates of
medium-cycle higher education (MVU) such as electronics
diploma engineers (B.Sc.), has, in the main, remained
unchanged over this period. Short-cycle higher education
(KVU) graduates, such as computer engineers and media coordinators have increased sharply from approximately 2,500
to 5,900. Long-cycle higher education (LVU) activity, such as
civil engineers and computer scientists, rose from
approximately 3,500 to just over 4,300 students.
The number of persons who have completed IT education
tracks, with a small downward divergence, the intake and
population of students. As appears from Figure 3, the last
five years have seen a marked increase in the number of
students opting for a higher IT education from 3,500 to
6,500. The increase has not yet come through in the number
of people completing their IT studies or training, but when
that does happen, an increase is predicted in relation to the
current level of 2,000-3,000 IT professionals trained
annually.
Admissions to higher education programmes in
IT in 2001 amounted to 4,866 students in total. Just short of
3,000 were admitted to short-cycle IT education, 224 to
medium-cycle and a full 1,700 to long-cycle higher education
in IT. Additionally there were a number of students engaged
in masters and diploma-level (bachelors) degrees and in
business education, who do not appear in table 1.
IT universities
Two IT universities were established in Denmark in 1999,
one in Copenhagen and one, as a network of universities, in
the west of Denmark. Both IT universities offer education to
graduate level. In addition, a range of masters and diploma
(Bachelors) educations are offered in the areas of further
and higher education.
From Figure 4 it emerges that the IT universities' admissions
have been increasing since their establishment in 1999 and
the number of students admitted is expected to rise further
in the coming three years. Hence, in 2003 it is anticipated
that more than 1,200 students will be admitted.
Figure 5 shows the projections for the supply of IT
education. In the period 1999-2010 supply of IT education is
expected to increase by just under 30,000 people, so that in
2010 there are projected to be more than 80,000 trained IT
professionals in Denmark. More than 10,000 of these will
have a long-cycle higher education (LVU) in IT.
The growth is especially steep in short-cycle higher
education (KVU), where the proportion of the total of IT
trained professionals will increase from 4 to 28 per cent. It
should however be noted that data processing assistants sort
under vocational training (EUD) segment, while data
technicians are included in the short-cycle higher education
segment. Since the training of data processing assistants has
been discontinued in favour of the training of data
technicians, part of the high growth in short-cycle higher
education can be ascribed to this area 'capturing' market
share from the vocational training segment.
Figure 6 shows two scenarios for the future demand for IT
education. There is a very positive scenario and a less
positive one. It is estimated that the actual demand will lie
somewhere between the two scenarios.
The Figure shows that demand for IT education will increase
from approximately 52,000 in 1999 to approximately 83,000
in 2010 in Scenario 1, while Scenario 2 shows a demand of
approximately 94,000 in 2010.
Projections for the demand in the IT labour market are
burdened with great uncertainty, which, among other things,
is bound up with the fact that only businesses were surveyed
as to market-trend predictions. In addition, recent
developments in the IT sector should be taken into account,
which means that demand among businesses for IT
personnel may be supposed to be less than when they were
surveyed at the start of 2001.
Table 2 shows a predicted increase in demand for IT
personnel in 2004 of between approximately 3,600 and
approximately 7,100 people, and increased demand by 2010
of between approximately 4,800 and approximately 16,100.
In both years a minimum and a maximum scenario are
given, with the actual future trend, here again, taken to lie
somewhere between the two scenarios. The projection for
demand includes the shortfall in education of 5,500, which
was ascertained from a current questionnaire-based survey.
The IT labour market's flexibility may however assist in
preventing part of this shortfall, as appears in Table 2, from
being realised, through an on-going adjustment of supply to
demand. Among other things, Figure 1 shows that a large
proportion of IT employees do not have a formal IT training,
which might result in a lower real demand for trained IT
professionals.
In 2001, 307 IT specialists were allocated residence and
work permits in Denmark, and 152 had their existing permits
extended. In the same year, there were 5 rejections of
applications for residence and work permits and a single
rejection of an application for extension of a residence and
work permit.
IT specialists come in particular from the USA and India,
with, respectively, 57 and 72 applications accepted. As
concerns applications for permit extensions, the majority,
excluding Europe as a whole, came also from the USA and
India. Other countries that IT specialists come from include
Israel, Russia, Australia/New Zealand, China and Japan.
There were for example 18 IT specialists with Israeli
citizenship and similar numbers from the other countries
mentioned.
Research and development in IT Following an increase in
business and industry's total investment in IT research of
DKK 1.8 billion from 1995 to 1998, this investment fell from
1998 to 1999 by around DKK 300 million.
From Figure 8 it emerges that in 1999 business and industry
invested around DKK 4 billion in IT research and
development, of which fully half went into software
development such as computer programs, just less than a
quarter was used on programs integrated into other
products, such as control systems for robots and production
facilities, while DKK 700 million was invested in hardware
research and development. It should however be noted that
a research project can include both hardware and software,
so the investment may be accounted for twice in the
assessment.
Looking at the overall trend from 1995 to 1998, there was a
total increase in business and industry's investment in IT
research and development of approximately DKK 1.8 billion.
The largest increase was in software investments.
Public investment in research and development was stagnant
from 1997 to 1999. There was however a shift whereby
"soft" IT research rose, while "hard" research fell. Soft IT
research typically includes university research in areas such
as IT in the public sector, and the elderly and IT; in other
words research predominantly in the humanities and social
sciences. Hard IT research typically comes under the areas
of technological and natural sciences, in the form of research
in specialist domains such as computer science.
Looking at the performance of, respectively, the business
and industry sector and the public sector, measured in manyears, in the business and industry sector, it is especially in
software that R&D stands out. This category accounted for
more than 3,400 man-years in 1999, more than half of all
the man-years employed in the categories of hardware,
programming integrated into other products, and software.
In the public sector, the weighting between soft and hard IT
research measured in man-years was more evenly
distributed, with more public sector researchers in the areas
of humanities and social sciences carrying out IT research.
All the same, it was still the hard technology aspect of IT
which accounted for most man-years in 1999.
As concerns international scientific publications, from Figure
12 it can be seen that Danish IT research in the period 19962000 increased its share slightly.
Figure 13 shows Denmark's relative share of total global
citations broken down by selected research areas. Citations
are a measure of how many times outputs such as research
results are cited by other researchers. Figure 13 shows that
publications within IT research emanating from Denmark in
the period 1996 to 2000 were cited 40 per cent more than
the global average in this area. Whereas in, for example,
biology there was a decline from 1996 to 2000, over the
same period, citations of Danish IT research increased
markedly.
Teleworking and home PCs in Denmark
Teleworking is still in its infancy, but more than half of
businesses justify their investments in home PCs as
facilitating teleworking.
Businesses introduce teleworking with the aim of flexibility.
Increased productivity is experienced by half of Danish
businesses. The financial cost of teleworking is perceived to
be the biggest drawback, with organisational drawbacks
representing only a modest inconvenience.
Home PCs are most widespread among IT users in the very
largest private companies. In the private sector, home PCs
are considered first and foremost as perks, but also as a
means to promote skills among non-IT users.
In the private sector, home PCs are considered first and
foremost as perks, but skills promotion also plays a role in
home PC schemes. In other words, businesses are aware of
the necessity of increasing the general level of IT skills,
given that the IT content of all jobs is increasing sharply.
Both public and private enterprises point to a lack of skills
among their staff, but in the private sector especially home
PCs are seen as a means of promoting skills among non-IT
users.
Among private businesses, it is especially in the finance
sector and among companies with the highest turnovers that
skills development is most in focus. This applies both to IT
users and non-IT users.
The prevalence of teleworking
More than half of businesses justify their investments in
home PCs as facilitating teleworking. But when considering
the current prevalence of teleworking, it must be concluded
that it is still in its infancy. In 8 per cent of private
businesses teleworking is used by more than half of IT users.
But in three years' time, this figure is estimated to double.
Currently, the trade and services sector leads in adoption of
teleworking, but three years on there is expected to be a
more even distribution between sectors.
In the public sector, teleworking is deemed to be the most
important motive for the introduction of home PCs, but the
spread is as yet modest, inasmuch as only in 3 per cent of
public enterprises is teleworking used by more than half of
employees. Over the next 3 years, this percentage is
expected to rise fourfold.
Businesses introduce teleworking with the aim of flexibility.
What starts as the odd opportunity to sort out something
from home, develops into a more extensive need to be able
to combine working from home and at the workplace.
Additionally, increased productivity is perceived by
approximately half of businesses to be one benefit of
teleworking. On the other hand, only to a limited extent are
teleworking appointments seen as enabling recruitment from
a broader geographical area; on this front, however,
experience from the public sector is somewhat more positive
than that from the private.
In considering the problems caused by teleworking, it
appears from Figure 24 that increased strain on IT duties
and the cost of extra equipment, infrastructure and
maintenance continue to be seen as the greatest and most
commonly perceived drawbacks to its establishment. The
more organisational drawbacks such as the weakening of
corporate culture, the lack of employee development and the
weakening of links to the workplace are experienced only to
a modest degree as drawbacks to teleworking.
In the European context Denmark stands out, in that 17 per
cent of the workforce in Denmark, to one degree or another,
makes use of teleworking.
In comparison, this is the case for 12 per cent of Finnish
employees and for 10 per cent in both the UK and Sweden.
2.Major government IT and telecommunications initiatives
> Contents
Introduction
Denmark on the Web; Digital North Denmark; Digital Bornholm; Knowledge-Society
Documentation; From Hardware to Content - Strategy for Fast, Cheap and Secure Internet to all
of Denmark 2001; IT for All - Denmark's Future - IT and Telecommunications Policy Statement
2002; IT and the Danish Police; IT Strategy for the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs and the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark; IT Strategy for the Education System; IT Strategies for
all Ministerial Jurisdictions; Art in the Network Society; National IT Strategy in the Hospitals
Sector; Project E-government.
Barometer for IT Skills; Enhanced Communications for Emergency and Preparedness; Cheaper to
Place Mobile Phone Calls; Forms and Guidelines on the Internet; The Danish National Centre for IT
Research; Centre Contracts and IT; The Danish Trade Council's Homepage; Digital Building and
Construction Industry; Digital Business and Industry; Electronic Reporting of Industrial Accidents;
Business Portal; Geodata Survey Service; Green IT Policies; Industrial Property Rights; Integrated
Inspection Reports at the Danish Plant Directorate; Interactive Frequency Plan; IT Index; IT and
the Employment Service; IT Growth Centre in Ørestad; Regional IT Drive; LetLøn (Easy Pay
Scheme); Mobile Access to the Internet; Electronic Returns to the FSA (Financial Supervisory
Authority); Phonofile; Service Initiatives for the Per-Hectare Subsidy Scheme; Major
Interdisciplinary Research Teams; Technological Foresight; Told·Skat Commercial Series Online;
FWA; Udbudsavisen - online calls for tender; Report on Danish Telecom Preparedness;
Development Centre for Electronic Commerce; Virksomhedsguiden.dk; Online cadastral services;
Webreg.dk
2.3 Initiatives in e-Government
Better Use of Data in Public Primary Registers; DNK (New Church Records Project); The Public
Procurement Portal; OIS (The Public Information Server); The Central Business Register; The
Societal Information and Analysis System; Digitalisation of sickness benefits administration;
Ecstasy database; The e-Government Project; Electronic reporting of death certificates; Electronic
reporting to the Register of Substance Abusers Undergoing Treatment; Electronic tax authorities;
Electronic forms; Flexibenefits; Joint Portal for the Danish Courts; Food inspection; GlobalKom;
Clinical databases; KRIK (Map and Register Information for Local Authorities); Map service; map
supply and data services; National register of patients; Modernisation of CPR (the Centralised Civil
Register); New financial management system in central government; OIO-linkservice (Public
Information On Line); Public XML-infostructure project (eXtensible Markup Language); Conversion
of the Church Web from ISDN to ADSL; Portal for an inclusive labour market; Portal for the roads
sector; Performance-data system; Service partnerships between local authorities and the Public
Employment Service/unemployment funds; Service partnerships in the field of geodata; The State
Department of Vehicle Inspection; Healthdata web (The MedCom Project); Exchange and interauthority use of public data; Vetstat; Knowledge Portal for Project E-government.
Top of the Web; Bibliotek.dk; Forms bazaar; Citizens' IT rights; Public map service; Children's
library on the web: Denmark.dk; StatBank Denmark; The Virtual Art Museum; Digitalisation of DR
and TV2 programme archives; Digital TV; Data distribution using CD technologies; Do I drink too
much?; Electronic service from the City of Copenhagen; Electronic road traffic information; FINFO;
The Danish Public Libraries' "Netguide"; Popular health and disease prevention on the Internet;
Consumers' Internet Portal; Consumer security; Common public health portal; Access to
telecommunications and IT for the disabled; Interactive price guide; Internet-based recruitment;
Internet quality guide; The IT Security Committee; Local authority key figures; Kulturnet dk;
Quality declarations; Public-sector vacancies; MIA (Land Registry information and updating
system); Naturnet.dk; Government bookshop on the Internet; New home computer scheme;
Environment, food and health portal; Comparative consumer information; Over-50s policy; The
Soldier in the Back Garden; Language and speech technology - IT in Danish; State address
database; Smoking choice; Three digital local authorities; Wider use of digital signatures; Waiting
list information on the Internet; Vifab.dk: Web-based information database for the unemployed;
Ecology site.
Administration of financial support; The Pioneer Project; Better IT at the universities; Denmark's
Electronic Research Library; The virtual upper secondary school; EMU (Electronic meeting place for
teaching); Student Plan; e-Learning; School subjects on the Internet; The School Subjects
Infoguide; The Danish Research Network; Website for students; The Internet in science subjects;
IT in higher education; IT in primary and lower secondary school; The IT Mirror; Quality in primary
and lower secondary schools; Learning Lab Denmark; MUU (The environmental education portal);
New IT courses for those with short post-school training; Portal to the Internet and access to
statistical library catalogue; Trainee placement meeting point; Educational IT Certificate;
Sektornet; SkoleKom, The Schools' Database Service, SkoDa; Vidar; Educational and Careers
Guidance Knowledge Centre.
The 1999 Review (Revision of EU Telecommunications Regulation); Denmark's EU Presidency
Website; The Denmark Portal; eContent; eEurope 2002 - an information society for all; Electronic
Øresund Bridge; EUN/ENIS; IDA (Electronic Interchange of Data between Administrations);
Information Society Technologies (IST); IAP (Internet Action Plan); NeDap (Northern eDimension
Action Plan); ODIN/IDUN II; TEN-Telecom (Trans-European Networks for Telecommunications).
> Introduction
This section of the publication provides a general survey of some of the larger and more significant
state IT and telecommunications initiatives. The survey was produced by drawing on data reported
by the responsible authorities to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
It does not aim to present a full situation report on all state-commissioned IT activities, and the
descriptions given vary in nature. For example, the establishment of websites for the ministries
and the installation or upgrading of internal IT equipment is not covered. The same applies to a
number of initiatives that have been completed.
The survey concerns itself solely with describing the objectives underlying the initiatives. Hence
there is no evaluation of the extent to which the IT initiatives discussed have produced the
intended results.
In so far as it has been feasible, for each initiative a reference is provided to a website from which
further details may be obtained from the official body in question.
The survey is divided up into the following main areas:
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
IT Strategies and Major National Projects
Initiatives aimed at Business and Industry
Initiatives in e-Government
Initiatives aimed at the Public
Initiatives in Education
International Initiatives
The survey is also available at www.vtu.dk
Denmark on the Web
Denmark on the Web (Danmark på Nettet) is a strategy formulated in autumn 2000 to promote
electronic services to citizens in the public sector. The following, all of which were launched in
autumn 2001, are sub-components of Denmark on the Web: "Public Information Online",
"Extension of Top of the Web", "National Public News Service" and "Debate on Denmark". Another
sub-component of Denmark on the Web is Danmark.dk, a portal containing information about and
from the Government established by the State Information Service (now the National IT and
Telecom Agency).
www.vtu.dk
Digital North Denmark
With a view to developing a strong IT environment capable of advancing and supporting the
special network-society niches in which there exists a special tradition and culture on which to
base development, the Government decided in 1999 to establish an 'IT-beacon' in the north of
Denmark (Jutland) comprised of four overarching main themes: 1. IT infrastructure; 2. IT-based
trade and industry promotion, e-commerce and framework conditions for trade and industry; 3.
Qualifications and training, and 4. Digital administration. Under these themes, continuous rounds
of tenders have been held, whereupon funds have been allocated. The Government has allocated
DKK 170 million to the project in the period 2000-2003. This allocation is conditional on privatesector or local government co-financing of at least DKK 340 million.
www.detdigitalenordjylland.dk
Digital Bornholm
The previous government decided in December 2000 to support an information technology and
research-based drive on the island of Bornholm. The sum of DKK 24.5 million has been allocated
to the Digital Bornholm project, which will provide an IT-boost to local government, trade and
industry and education on the island. An organisational structure has been established comprised
of a board of directors, a secretariat and working groups.
www.vtu.dk and www.digitaltbornholm.dk
Knowledge-Society Documentation
There is need for a general overview of how research, education, IT and innovation interact. The
knowledge society and the knowledge-based economy are therefore being mapped, with particular
focus on economic growth factors, innovation, knowledge and technology. Publication is set for
autumn 2002. The report should be seen in conjunction with the strategy for future statistics on
the network society and the knowledge-based economy published in June 2001. The Ministry of
Science, Technology and Innovation has allocated a total of DKK 3 million in 2002 to this and
other IT-related documentation projects.
www.vtu.dk and www.dst.dk
From Hardware to Content - Strategy for Fast, Cheap and Secure Internet to all of
Denmark 2001
The end of June 2001 saw the publication of a strategy for distribution and deployment of fast,
affordable and secure Internet services in Denmark, the purpose of which is to guarantee
optimum operating conditions for a market-driven Danish IT infrastructure and increased demand
for IT-based services, these being of great value to society. The IT and Telecommunications Policy
Statement 2002 presents a status report on Denmark's broadband strategy, which will be followed
up by an analysis of market trends at year-end 2002.
www.vtu.dk/bredbaand/
IT for All - Denmark's Future - IT and Telecommunications Policy Statement 2002
In April 2002 the Government published an IT and Telecommunications Policy Statement and
Action Plan. The purpose of the statement is to set out the Government's IT and
telecommunications policy objectives for the coming years. The aim of the IT and
telecommunications policy is to contribute to generating economic growth, reforming the public
sector and equipping the nation for the knowledge society of the future. The IT Action Plan sets
out how the Government intends, with respect to the following seven action areas, to ensure that
as Danish IT develops, its useful yield is improved: More IT in Danish business and industry; A
competitive telecommunications sector; Strong IT skills in Denmark; An IT-based public sector; IT
security; Useful content on the Internet and Danish impact on IT in the EU. The IT Action Plan,
which will be realised through a number of concrete initiatives in 2002, is the first phase in a long,
tough process which the Danish Government will be carrying on over the coming years. A review
of the status of the IT Action Plan will be carried out at the beginning of 2003.
www.vtu.dk
IT and the Danish Police
Over the period 2000-2003 Denmark's Police IT systems will be distributed to all police stations
and offices as set out in the Multi-Year Police Agreement. An integrated IT strategy will be
formulated for the Danish Police, and, among other initiatives, a programme will be carried out to
implement technological facilities for police operations and resource management. As part of the
Multi-Year Police Agreement, the introduction of IT within the police force will be continued and
strengthened with a full DKK 650 million. The Multi-Year Police Agreement expires in 2003.
www.politi.dk
IT Strategy for the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in
Denmark
The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs' IT strategy bill has been submitted for general consultation in
the Danish national church (the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark). The IT strategy has
been published on the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs' homepage and an online debate forum has
been established to discuss the strategy. The Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs has appointed a
steering group for the IT strategy. The steering group consists of representatives of the Ministry of
Ecclesiastical Affairs' executives, a representative of Denmark's bishops, of the Danish Union of
Clergy, of the Danish Union of Deans and of the National Union of Parish Council Members.
www.km.dk, www.it-stg.km.dk and www.debat.km.dk
IT Strategy for the Education System
In August 2001 the Danish Ministry of Education issued an IT strategy for the entire education
system. The strategy is entitled "Denmark's Strategy for Education, Learning and IT". Part 1 of
this strategy, "We must move on", describes 6 focus areas under the headings: Instruction substance, forms and inclusiveness; Educators and managers spearheading the development;
Tools for knowledge-sharing; Learning with IT in everyday life - on the Internet; Quality in
education for the IT sector, and A special effort with IT (special needs teaching, bilingual pupils).
Under these focus areas the strategy paper sets out a number of action areas and concrete
initiatives, a number of which have already been approved and implemented, while others are
awaiting financing. Part 2 of the strategy: "Elaboration and Perspective" treats in more detail the
potentials and impacts of using IT in education. In conjunction with the IT strategy a
comprehensive platform has been developed for knowledge-sharing. This platform also publishes
updated analyses and English translations of the IT strategy and other key publications.
www.it-strategi.uvm.dk
IT Strategies for all Ministerial Jurisdictions
The network policy statement for 2000, "Et net af muligheder" (A Web of Opportunities), sets out
the decision to formulate an IT strategy for all ministerial jurisdictions. The object is to achieve
coherence in the coming years' progress in the use of IT and attendant organisational
development. In June 2001 the national IT Council issued a guide in support of the process of
formulating the IT strategy. In the latter half of 2001, all the ministries initiated the work on a
joint IT strategy for their respective ministerial jurisdictions. The findings from this work have
been positive, and a number of ministries have presented action plans with a view to establishing
joint networks and joint IT functions. The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation plans to
undertake a review of all the ministries' IT strategies and will seek, among other things, to identify
needs and opportunities for inter-ministerial initiatives in support of further IT development. In
2002
DKK 3 million has been allocated to information gathering, communication and consultancy in
connection with central government's use of IT.
www.statensitraad.dk
Art in the Network Society
In February 2001 the Minister for Culture appointed a working group, which was commissioned to
study the conditions facing the Danish art world in the network society. In July 2001 the working
group submitted a green paper, which was addressed at a discussion meeting on 28 August 2001.
The discussion meeting gave rise to a number of supplementary contributions and proposals which
the working group has treated. The working group's final report containing proposals and
recommendations was presented to the Minister for Culture in November 2001 and published on
the Ministry of Culture's website.
www.kum.dk/netkunst/
National IT Strategy in the Hospitals Sector
In December 1999 what is now the Ministry of the Interior and Health presented a national
strategy for IT in the hospitals sector 2000-2002. The object is to meet the need for a more
patient-centred focus through the use of IT, and to achieve improved coordination and integration
of IT activities. Another objective is to achieve a more explicit prioritisation of IT initiatives and
resources, and more long-term planning of IT measures in Danish hospitals. The strategy
concerns, among other things, initiatives on the use of IT internally in hospitals, including the
introduction of electronic medical records, and initiatives designed to promote communication
among the many actors serving the Danish public health service. Although the current IT strategy
expires at year-end 2002, the majority of its initiatives have already been realised. The Ministry of
the Interior and Health has consequently begun the work of reviewing the strategy. The new IT
strategy will focus not only on the use of IT within the hospitals sector, but will also comprise the
public health service in its entirety. DKK 40 million has been allocated to the project for the period
1999-2002.
www.sum.dk
Project E-government
In the agreements concluded between central and local government on county and local authority
finances for 2001, it was decided to appoint a joint board of directors to promote e-government
and the launch of Project E-government. The board is comprised of permanent secretaries of
state, central government executives and local government organisations (Local Government
Denmark and Danish Regions (formerly the Association of County Councils in Denmark). The work
is informed, among things, by the findings of a committee report on e-government from May 2001
(www.fm.dk/udgivelser/publikationer/digitalforvaltning/index.html ). Against this background, the
board has published a strategy for the promotion of e-government in the public sector. With
Project E-government, the Board is seeking to map out and remove technical and legal obstacles
to e-government and to make the necessary strategic decisions for this domain. The Project is also
intended to support and guide the institutions through the large-scale organisational adjustment
process now faced. To that end a knowledge portal has been set up for exchange of experience
and the provision of tools and assistance in the area. The Digital Taskforce serves, in conjunction
with the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation's IT division - as secretariat to the Board.
The Taskforce, under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance, is comprised of 20 seconded employees
from several ministries, Local Government Denmark and Danish Regions. The Taskforce has been
assigned to identify areas in which digital solutions could be used to best advantage, to assist in
establishing the requisite framework conditions for e-government, and to indicate how public
administration and procedures may be adapted in response to the technologies. The unit also
functions as a knowledge centre for e-government. DKK 15 million has been allocated to the
realisation of Project E-government in the local authority agreement for 2002, and a total amount
of DKK 95 million over the period 2002-2005 for a number of specific projects.
www.fm.dk and www.e.gov.dk
Barometer for IT Skills
In August 2001 the level of demand for IT personnel and IT skills was mapped out. The results
were used to create a barometer for IT staffing in Denmark. The barometer is designed to serve
as an instrument for monitoring the supply and demand of IT personnel. The barometer will be
developed over time. The initial components will be published on an ongoing basis. A homepage
will be created on which it will be possible to follow developments.
www.vtu.dk, www.uvm.dk and www.bm.dk
Enhanced Communications for Emergency and Preparedness Measures
In the period April 2000 to June 2001 the National Telecom Agency (now National IT and Telecom
Agency) called for tenders for licences to establish and operate public networks for emergency and
preparedness measures and other specific communications needs. The chief aim of granting such
licences is to secure enhanced scope for specific communications requirements of emergency and
preparedness authorities, and of transport and public utility companies. On 2 April 2001 two
licencees were selected. The licences were issued in October 2001. The two selected licencees
jointly bore the costs incurred from the tender.
www.itst.dk
Cheaper to Place Mobile Phone Calls
In February 2000 the National Telecom Agency (now National IT and Telecom Agency) initiated a
round of public tenders for four nationwide licences: two in the GSM900 band and two in the
GSM1800 band. The principal aim of awarding additional licences for the establishment and
operation of public digital second-generation mobile networks is to increase competitiveness in the
mobile phone market, in order thereby to secure for end users enhanced options in mobile phone
services in terms of price and quality. On 23 January 2001 all four licencees were selected. The
selected licencees jointly bore the costs incurred from the tender.
www.itst.dk
Forms and Guidelines on the Internet
In 2000 the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency (DCCA) collected IT action plans from
35 authorities operating business schemes. The action plans have meant that almost all forms and
guidelines aimed at businesses are now available over the Internet as offline e-forms or online
e-forms. Offline e-forms are downloaded and printed out by companies and sent in by ordinary
mail. Online e-forms are called up on the Internet and filled in and submitted directly to the
authority in question over the Internet. All the forms are collected together on the online official
reporting service, Indberetning.dk, so that companies can at any time access the relevant forms
and guidelines. Indberetning.dk has been created and developed to cater to user requirements
and to provide access to local authority forms in order to afford companies an overview of the
relevant returns. In addition, DCCA (the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency) is working
with the Central Customs and Tax Administration and Statistics Denmark to pilot a joint electronic
standard, which will enable companies to submit all accounting-related information required by the
authorities.
www.toldskat.dk, www.eogs.dk and www.indberetning.dk
The Danish National Centre for IT Research
In 1996 the Danish National Centre for IT Research was established as a temporary institution
under the Danish Ministry of Research and Information Technology (now the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation) for the period 1996-1999. The main objective of the Centre is to
sustain and develop Danish research in information technology, primarily in the top IT research
centres in Denmark and in cooperation with Danish trade and industry. In 2000 the National
Centre for IT Research was extended by three years. In this period the Centre is focusing on
partnerships designed to build research competencies and trade and industry innovation capacity.
The Government will give consideration to further structures in this area. In connection with
implementation of the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) agreement, the
Centre will be allocated an additional DKK 25 million in 2002.
www.vtu.dk/cgi-bin/left-org-institute.cgi?id=1982 and www.cit.dk
Centre Contracts and IT
The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation supports renewal in Danish companies
achieved through Technological Service Centre contracts by bringing together the driving forces in
trade and industry, research and technological service. This gives the companies access to the
latest discoveries in research and technological advances. IT communications is one of the fields
that receives the most funds from the Centre Contract Scheme.
www.vtu.dk
The Danish Trade Council's Homepage
The Danish Trade Council's website is designed to serve as an efficient two-way link for knowledge
communication for Danish trade and industry, the aim being therefore to maximise the
communicative and interactive potentials afforded by on-line services. To that end, the monthly
magazine, EXPORT has been converted into an online publication with an accompanying sectorspecific mailing list. The Danish Trade Council has also created a website geared to SMEs, which
offers the possibility of creating digital networks and debate forums.
www.eksportraadet.dk and www.smv-portalen.dk
Digital Building and Construction Industry
The building and construction industry stands to achieve efficiency improvements and added
innovation by increasing its use of digital communications. There is at present no joint "routing
system" for IT deployment spanning the traditional divides between the many actors in the
building and construction industry. The public sector can help to promote development and the
use of digital communication by teaming up with the building and construction industry to engage
in developing joint standards and, in its capacity as client, by specifying requirements for the
deployment of IT. The funds will be used to develop universal standards for sectors in the building
and construction industry, IT specifications requirements for public developers, and also new skills
requirements for the institutes of higher education as regards IT qualifications in the building and
construction industry.
www.oem.dk and www.ebs.dk
Digital Business and Industry
In 2002 the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation will be focusing on the use of IT by
business and industry. In early May the Ministry expects to publish an analysis, the main premise
of which is that the use of IT in the years to come will constitute a critical competitive parameter
for business and industry. Not only in the form of commerce over the Internet, but just as much
through integration of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in internal business
processes or in the form of new functionality in traditional products. Among other things, the
publication will comprise a new IT index for IT uptake in business and industry along with a review
of existing operating conditions. The purpose of the publication is to provide an overview of the
opportunities and obstacles faced by the companies through greater integration of IT - both in the
high technology industries, as well as in the more traditional enterprises such as those in the
furniture and textile industry. The publication will also offer concrete proposals for which areas
Denmark's innovation policy is able to support and will give impetus to developments in the
business community at large.
www.vtu.dk
Electronic reporting of industrial accidents
The Danish Working Environment Service is currently establishing a facility for reporting industrial
accidents electronically over the Internet. Initially this measure will be carried out as a pilot
project with a limited number of companies. Using the experience harvested from the pilot, the
system will then be extended to additional companies. The companies are given the facility to
report industrial accidents using an online form, the content of which corresponds with the existing
printed version. In addition, the companies are able to download all the data they enter on the
form, so that the same data can be processed on-site at the company and be incorporated into the
company's own statistics.
www.arbejdsulykker.com
Business Portal
A number of the authorities dealing closely with Danish trade and industry are currently
developing a business portal containing information and digital services for the business
community across the whole of the public sector. The main objective of the portal is to alleviate
the administrative burdens on Danish businesses. The intention is for the portal to provide a userfriendly and straightforward means of gaining access to a large number of digital facilities for
Danish enterprises, which - as dictated by corporate needs - will relieve enterprises of the
administrative duties they are required to perform in response to requirements and provisions
made by the authorities. The content of the portal will also be individualised so that each company
will, as far as possible, only be offered the information and opportunities pertinent to its own
requirements. Ultimately the intention is for all the relevant central government bodies, county
and local authorities to be linked up to the system in order that enterprises may perceive the
public authorities as a single, coherent and comprehensible entity. The portal is being developed
and operated as a partnership venture by public authorities and one or more private enterprises.
DKK 12 million have been allocated for creation of the portal in 2000-2002, and the business
portal is expected to be established by early 2003.
www.eogs.dk
Geodata Survey Service
KMS (The National Survey and Cadastre) presents users of geographical information with a survey
of existing Danish geodata collections on the Internet. The survey is maintained on an ongoing
basis by the data owners and managed by KMS. The survey is compiled in close conformance with
international standards for metadata and presents an accurate picture of what is available on the
Danish market in the way of geodata, areas covered, currency and availability. Comparable
services are provided in neighbouring countries. The web application is continually updated and
periodically renewed. DKK 1 million has been allocated for upgrading to an XML-based (eXtensible
Markup Language)) service, and the service has been adapted to conform with the international
standard (ISO TC 211).
www.geodata-info.dk
Green IT Policies
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency has initiated projects designed to improve prospects
for increased sales of environmentally sound electronic goods, including IT products. An analysis
of environmental labelling on consumer electronics will be followed up by a consumer survey
designed to shed light on consumer interest in and access to purchasing less environmentally
harmful electronic goods. A project on the feasibility of making public-sector procurements subject
to environmental criteria when purchasing electronic goods, especially IT equipment, has been
completed and will be followed up by the Electronics Panel with an information drive aimed at
public procurement officers. The coordination group for environmentally sound public
procurements, in which the Danish Ministry of the Environment and the local and county
authorities are represented, has highlighted PCs & printers as one of four action areas in the drive
for environmentally sound public procurements. An information kit has been produced to provide a
brief description of the key environmental concerns in the procurement of PCs and printers; the
relevant environmental recommendations from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and
accompanying background documentation; advice from Grøn Information (environmental
information for consumers) and general advice about environmentally sound procurements. DKK 1
million has been allocated to the above-mentioned projects.
www.elektronikpanelet.dk and www.mst.dk
Industrial Property rights
The Danish Patent and Trademark Office's routines for processing applications concerning
industrial property rights are today fully electronic. In a collaborative project with the EPO
(European Patent Organisation), Internet access is being established for the Danish Patent and
Trademark Office's registers of rights and associated case files. Internet access (espacenet) has
already been established for large sections of the body of international patent literature (patents
granted and pending), which have been published electronically. Access is provided via servers
operated by the various patent authorities. The Danish espacenet.dk-server is being extended in a
collaborative project with the EPO to comprise all Danish patents published since 1895. The
project is due for completion in 2002. As of 2001 it has been possible via the Danish Patent and
Trademark Office's website to submit trademark applications electronically, and work is underway
in an international project entitled MIPEX (Message based Industrial Property information
Exchange) to facilitate electronic submission of patent applications, which, owing to confidentiality
concerns, demand high security. The project is due for completion in 2003.
www.dkpto.dk
Integrated Inspection Reports at the Danish Plant Directorate
A project is underway to develop an IT system which, over the Internet, will integrate the Danish
Plant Directorate's inspections of farmers and companies with the attendant case administration.
The inspection results are entered online during the visit to the farm/enterprise so that the work
processes, control, case administration and recording/archiving can be assimilated. The system
will promote consistent case administration, greater working flexibility and better resource
deployment so that decisions regarding inspections that have revealed problems may be
expedited. Information flows will, as far as possible, be in electronic form. Data will be recorded
once-only - on site at the source. The relevant details will be accessible by the parties concerned
at the enterprise or in the firm and at the Directorate. An electronic report has already been
devised for inspections of cultivation conditions for seed potatoes, and in 2001 this was extended
to comprise the majority of livestock award schemes.
www.pdir.dk
Interactive Frequency Plan
In order to make it easier for the public and business and industry to find out which rules apply for
radio frequency usage in Denmark, the Danish Frequency Plan is now also available in an
interactive version on the National IT and Telecom Agency website. By entering search criteria
users can call up information about frequency usage in Denmark. There are links provided to all
the applicable regulations regarding frequency. Users can also find out which international
decisions have been adopted in Denmark. This is particularly useful for the telecommunications
sector, since it is a convenient way of seeing if the same rules are applicable in other EU countries
for example.
www.itst.dk
IT Index
To accompany the forthcoming analysis of Digital Business and Industry, the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation has developed a new IT Index. The IT Index is based on the premise
that the saturation point for many of the IT indicators most commonly applied to business and
industry - for example, the uptake of PCs and Internet connections - has now been reached.
Moreover, these offer only a limited indication of how companies actually use IT. Over the second
half of 2001 the IT Index has been tested out on some 800 Danish companies. The derived results
consist of new insights into how advanced IT is actually used in Danish business and industry,
especially in terms of core business processes such as logistics, production and marketing. In
parallel with this the Index creates a basis for a new benchmarking tool to enable companies to
compare their own IT capability with that of their competitors. The benchmarking tool has been
developed by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation in conjunction with the National
Agency for Enterprise and Housing. The benchmarking tool and the IT index will be published in
connection with Digital Business and Industry in early May 2002.
www.vtu.dk
IT and the Employment Service
AMANDA, the Danish Employment Service's computer system, created to improve services
provided to companies and job-seekers and persons seeking a vocational training, went into
operation in April 2002. In order to improve AMANDA, sections of the system will be upgraded or
replaced. On the recommendation of the team of experts that has evaluated AMANDA, a Windowsbased solution, an IP network and a new office automation system will be implemented. The
Employment Service also expect its Internet usage to increase.
www.af.dk
IT Growth Centre in Ørestad
With the decision to establish a cluster of higher education, research and agency institutions in
close interaction with private companies, the Danish Government aims to establish a world-class
IT knowledge centre in Ørestad. The aim is to foster an IT Growth Centre as a model environment
of a network society and as a driving force for IT development, not only in the Øresund Region,
but nationwide in Denmark. Initially the IT Growth Centre will be underpinned by four pillars: The
Centre for Applied IT, the IT Science Park, the IT University of Copenhagen and the Danish
Broadcasting Corporation, which with its scheduled move to Ørestad will also be integrated into
the IT Growth Centre. Over the coming years the Ørestad cluster is expected to open up new
opportunities in knowledge exchange, flexibility and links between industry and the research
community. The IT University of Copenhagen is expected to relocate to Ørestad within the first
half of 2003, while the Danish Broadcasting Corporation is expected to be able to take up
residence in its new domicile in 2005. In addition to these, predictions indicate a gradual
clustering over time of a number of IT companies around the IT Growth Centre.
The Centre for Applied IT
The plan is to establish a Centre for Applied IT (CAIT). CAIT will cater to trade and industry
generally and SMEs especially, with advanced technological consulting and services in the field of
digital technologies, as well as knowledge and information-provider activities. The purpose of CAIT
is, through close links with leading IT knowledge centres, to support the business community's
knowledge needs in connection with the development and implementation of digital initiatives
dedicated largely to corporate business processes. DKK 52.4 million has been allocated to the
development of CAIT.
The IT Science Park
The Government is working with the HUR (Greater Copenhagen Authority) on establishing an IT
Science Park in Ørestad, Greater Copenhagen. The principal aim for the science park is to promote
the development and growth of knowledge-based enterprises through synergistic links between
research centres/tertiary education institutions and trade and industry. From its location in
Ørestad in a community comprising the IT University of Copenhagen, CAIT, the Danish
Broadcasting Corporation and the University of Copenhagen, the aim is for the proposed Science
Park to help to create an IT Growth Centre, thereby positioning the Øresund Region as one of
Northern Europe's strongest IT regions. A site in Ørestad (value approximately DKK 50 million) will
be made available free to the Science Park for 35 years.
The IT Universities
The IT University of Copenhagen and IT University West (a network partnership of the four
university institutions in the west of Denmark) were both established in 1999 with the object of
providing research-based tertiary education in IT; carrying out world-class research, and
contributing to a dynamic private-public interaction in Denmark's development as an IT Nation.
Approximately DKK 510 million has been allocated for the period 2001-2005 to the IT universities.
www.it-c.dk, www.it-vest.dk and www.vtu.dk
Regional IT Drive
The object of the Regional IT Drive (for the regions of Jutland and Funen) is informed by the followup to the Government's Business Policy for Jutland/Funen published in October 2002. The IT drive
was formulated in close conjunction with the two regions with the object of improving accessibility
for businesses in these regions to the latest expertise in IT and software. The proposal is to
strengthen the operating conditions for links between business and industry and knowledge and
education centres with special emphasis on commercial and scientific skills in IT and software as
they exist in the Jutland-Funen regions. The initiative comprises development of an inter-regional
network and joint development projects, an "IT Corridor" which will leverage communication of
knowledge between the Jutland-Funen knowledge/academic centres and business and industry.
DKK 175 million has been allocated to the project for the period 2002-2005.
www.vtu.dk
LetLøn
The purpose of LetLøn ("Easy Pay Scheme") is chiefly to relieve companies of the administrative
burdens of payroll administration. To achieve this, Told·Skat (the central tax office) has
established a single incoming centre for payroll-related returns, which are then forwarded to the
relevant authorities. The LetLøn scheme is being developed at the Central Customs and Tax
Administration under an agreement concluded between the Ministry of Business and Industry (now
the Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs) and the Ministry of Taxation in 2000. The system is
being developed over 3 phases, in which Phase 1 is an incoming centre for returns to be
forwarded to bodies such as Told·Skat, ATP (the Danish Labour Market Supplementary Pension
Fund) and FerieKonto (holiday payments administration). Phase 2 has one component consisting
of a calculation module for working out how much the employer has to withhold from salaries, and
a second component consisting of a subscription module for updated source tax and outstanding
deductions. Phase 3 is a datawarehouse. In February 2001 the Central Customs and Tax
Administration signed a contract with a supplier for the development of Phase 1. This phase is due
to roll out at the end of the first quarter of 2002 following a production burn-in phase, in which the
system will be tested by a group of companies. Phase 2 is due to roll out on 15 November 2002,
while a decision is still pending on the details of Phase 3 development.
www.eogs.dk/adm/index.asp and www.toldskat.dk
Mobile Access to the Internet
On 28 April 2000 a supplementary policy agreement was concluded on testing out the auction
model in Denmark for the award of frequency resources for 3G (third-generation) mobile networks
(including UMTS (the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)). The purpose is, via
competition and innovation, to provide access to the Internet over mobile phones. The auction
was held on 20 September 2001 where the National Telecom Agency (now National IT and
Telecom Agency) selected the four winners now licensed to establish and operate 3G networks in
Denmark. The selected licensees jointly bore the costs incurred from the auction. The auction of
licences for third generation mobile telephony generated a total State revenue of DKK 3.8 billion.
www.itst.dk
Electronic Returns to the FSA
At the beginning of 2001 FSA (the Danish Financial Supervisory Authority) launched a new
solution to enable electronic returns using digital signatures. The solution is based on a concept
whereby returns in XML format are submitted to the FSA by electronic mail. The returns form is
encrypted and authenticated by a digital signature. In order to ease the transition to XML
reporting the FSA has made a number of spreadsheet templates available. The spreadsheet
templates comprise a feature which, by extracting the accounting figures entered or transmitted,
generates a returns file in the required XML format. The returns file is then attached to an
electronic mail message, assigned a digital signature and transmitted to the FSA. The spreadsheet
templates are available on the FSA homepage. Built into the spreadsheet templates are a number
of logical validations of the data entered. The purpose of these validations is to intercept any
reporting errors to ensure that the quality of the returns is as high as possible. A detailed guide to
the returns solution is available on the FSA homepage (in Danish only).
www.finanstilsynet.dk
Phonofile
The Danish music copyright organisations have joined forces with the State and University Library
on a project concerning the archiving and promotion of Danish music: Phonofile. The copyright
holders behind the project are also the artistic originators (united under KODA (the Danish society
that administers Danish and international copyrights for composers, songwriters and music
publishers)), practising musicians (united under GRAMEX) and the record producers (united under
(IFPI (the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry)). The music will be made
available via a server to the copyright holders, who can opt to make it available for public
consumption or for commercial consumption on terms and conditions they stipulate. Phonofile is
designed to guarantee the best possible technical rights protection, including a digital watermark,
and to supervise validation of all rights and negotiations with commercial customers. The Ministry
of Culture is funding the development phase of the project with DKK 475,000.
www.phonofile.dk
Service initiatives for the per-hectare-subsidy scheme
The per-hectare-subsidy scheme is a vital component in Danish farming budgets, and the scheme
is therefore a key target area for new service initiatives. A round-the-clock service line enables
farmers to call up to find out the land-area of the so-called "field-blocs", and when the subsidy is
due to be disbursed. Over the Internet, farmers can also fill out and submit their subsidy
applications electronically. A full electronic application also requires that the accompanying map
data for the application can be drawn up and transmitted electronically. In 2000 a pilot project
was carried out, which provided access to a GIS (Geographical Information System) on the
Internet where applicants could draw in and measure out their own fields on a digital field map. In
2001 this system was made available to an extended group of users. Over the next few years the
aim is to provide a facility whereby farmers will be able to submit their applications entirely
electronically, but this will be conditional on widespread adoption of digital signatures. In 1999 the
Directorate for Food, Fisheries and Agri Business, in cooperation with the Danish Ministry of
Research and Information Technology (now the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation),
carried out a pilot project on the prevalence of digital signatures in this scheme. In 2002 an
improved pin-code solution will be implemented. This will enable the actual application form to be
signed and submitted electronically.
www.dffe.dk/stoetteordninger/index.htm
Major Interdisciplinary Research Teams
In order to strengthen links between IT research and other, more academically-oriented
disciplines, the Government has invited applications for new research funds from a number of
major interdisciplinary research teams. This includes funds for IT learning and education and for
research into technology and organisation in the network society. Universities, government
research institutes and private-sector companies are eligible for participation in the projects.
Project bids will be selected on the basis of a research-specific evaluation. The new concept
involving organisation of research into major interdisciplinary research teams will be implemented
by Forskningsforum (research forum). DKK 275 million has been allocated for the period 20012004.
www.forsk.dk/forskpro/tvaer_forsk
Technological Foresight
Developments in technology are ringing the changes in both the professional and private domains.
There is consequently a growing need to obtain a general perspective on potential opportunities
and impacts brought by these developments. Responding to this need, in 2001 the then Ministry
of Business and Industry (the project has now been transferred to the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation) launched its "Technological Foresight Project". In the project period a
number of predictive studies will be undertaken, the first of which will concern IT. In connection
with the Foresight Project, the Ministry has appointed a future-studies panel of scientists and
business operators who will assist in actually carrying out the Project. The overall aim of the
Project is to describe and assess the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for Danish
business and industry when pervasive computing becomes a reality, i.e. when computers can be
built into all objects and used everywhere. The Project is also intended to inspire decision-makers
in business and industry in their strategy formulation. Finally, the Project is to present proposals
and recommendations for new policies on aspects such as research, education, technological
services and regulation. DKK 8.4 million has been allocated to the project for the period 2001-
2004.
www.vtu.dk
Told·Skat Commercial Series Online
The Central Customs and Tax Administration has created a facility for making returns over the
Internet in the most important areas (VAT, income tax, payslips, civil registration number
registration, electronic personal tax details, list reporting, reporting of pension entitlements and
union dues). Approximately 80,000 companies are already registered with and using this service.
At the same time the solution is being extended to give companies additional facilities for
accessing their own data, including, for example, access to statements of account and information
on matters pertaining to their registration. The aim is furthermore for the solution to produce
"smart" information and guidance, i.e. so that companies can opt for individualised access to news
and guidelines relevant to their specific requirements. In 2001 the system was developed to
comprise customs and excise systems and Intrastat, with a facility for full two-way electronic
communication. The facilities are being extended continuously.
www.toldskat.dk
FWA
In 2000 the National Telecom Agency (now National IT and Telecom Agency) held a round of
public tenders for Fixed Wireless Access licences. The principal aim of awarding licences for the
establishment and operation of public FWA is to foster a competitive market for subscriber
connections capable of assimilating new and advanced services and facilities that require high
bandwidth and transmission speeds. On 18 December 2000 a total of seven licensees were
selected, three in the frequency bands 3.410-3.590 GHz and four within the frequency bands
24.500-26.500 GHz. The selected licensees jointly bore the costs incurred from the tender.
www.itst.dk
Ubudsavisen - online calls for tender
Since 1999, companies wishing to keep track of calls for tender have had a facility for searching or
subscribing to all EU tenders/procedures in Ubudsavisen. Udbudsavisen also lists calls for tender
below the threshold value where public procurement officers have chosen to put them in the
online listing. Public procurement officers can draw up tender notices over this system and, for EU
procedures, get them transmitted for publication in EU journals. The State Information Service
(now the National IT and Telecom Agency) is developing and operating this service, which was
launched in 1999.
www.udbudsavisen.dk
Report on Danish Telecom Preparedness
Telecom Preparedness is the division of the civil preparedness organisation responsible for
supervising planning and measures in the telecommunications sector. The regulations governing
this role are laid down by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and the National
Telecom Agency (now the National IT and Telecom Agency), the object of which is to secure
critical civil telecommunications capability in the event of disasters and other extraordinary
conditions in peacetime and during times of unrest and war. The regulations comprise directions
imposed on telecommunications companies with respect to certain emergency preparedness
measures. The new Act on Telecommunications, which came into force in summer 2000, enables
directions to be issued for telecommunications preparedness measures that are also aimed at
preparedness situations in peacetime. The directions for such situations were promulgated and
effective as of 1 January 2002. In spring 2001 the National Telecom Agency drew up a telecom
preparedness report, which will form the basis for policy-based decisions on how preparedness in
the telecommunications sector is to be structured in the time ahead.
www.itst.dk
Development Centre for Electronic Commerce
The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation has allocated funds to a centre contract in
which the Danish Technological Institute and the Copenhagen Business School have formed a
partnership with seven companies in a project to develop these companies' business practices,
management processes, organisational structures and IT strategy so that they embrace the
potentials generated by the Internet. The centre contract covers the potentials that deployment of
e-business over the Internet opens up for in a value chain in areas such as: Purchasing,
production, marketing, sales, wholesaling, retailing and logistics. The project will run until 2004.
www.vtu.dk
Virksomhedsguiden.dk
The online companies guide, Virksomhedsguiden.dk, is an Internet portal developed by the Agency
for Development of Trade and Industry (now the National Agency for Enterprise and Housing),
which gives entrepreneurs, established Danish enterprises and foreign enterprises seeking to
invest in Denmark a single point of access to legislation, regulations, and starting and running a
business in Denmark. The portal contains: A calendar of meetings and training courses; a guide to
the Øresund region in Danish and Swedish for companies in the region wishing to establish on the
opposite side of the Sound (i.e. Swedish companies wishing to set up business in Denmark and
vice versa); a website for foreign investors; a guide to financing containing information about all
State subsidy schemes, and a start-up guide - a website for entrepreneurs containing information,
news and advice. The emphasis will be on e-consulting, e-learning and benchmarking tools for use
on line. The portal opened in May 2001 and will be developed over the coming years. In
September 2001 the portal was expanded with a section on "Tools - help on self-help". A guide for
foreign knowledge workers was released at the beginning of 2002. DKK 10 million has been
allocated for a period of three years.
www.virksomhedsguiden.dk
Online cadastral services
The National Survey and Cadastre has published a facility to enable its partners to call up
information from the Danish Cadastre and sections of the cadastral maps over the Internet on the
WEB-matriklen section of its site. The service is used primarily by local and county authority
employees and by practising surveyors. In 2001 general Internet access was established to the
land parcel register (www.matrikelinfo.dk). Besides standard data on land parcels, the register
contains information about protected woodland and beach buffer zones and polluted property,
which has been established in cooperation with the Ministry of the Environment. The two online
services are expected to merge as one service. DKK 1 million has been allocated to the services
(upgrade to a newer version of the webserver application).
www.kms.dk and www.matrikelinfo.dk
Webreg.dk
Webreg.dk is a digital facility for establishing new companies digitally and registering changes to
existing company details (address, accounting year, auditors, board of directors and management)
directly with the DCCA (Danish Commerce and Companies Agency) that eliminates paperwork and
use of the postal services. A good third of amendments currently made to company details are
now reported via Webreg.dk, and the numbers are rising. Webreg.dk is one of the first state
solutions to give users the option of using a digital signature.
www.webreg.dk
2.3 Initiatives in e-Goverment
Better Use of Data in Public Primary Registers
A lack of cohesion in public data is often a barrier to cross-level application of data in efforts to
achieve efficient public administration. In order to resolve this problem as it applies to property
data, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (now the Ministry of Economic and Business
Affairs) has designed a joint data model for the following five areas of public administration: The
Cadastre, joint local-authority property data, the public land assessment, the land register and the
register of buildings and housing. The model, which is accessible to the general public, promotes
more efficient use of public data.
www.oem.dk
DNK (New Church Records Project)
The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs has initiated a project to transfer the present, official records
(births, deaths and marriages) from the original hand-written parish church records to Den Ny
Kirkebog (DNK, the New Church Records). This takes the form of a database which also
incorporates the CPR (Centralised Civil Register). The aim is to increase efficiency and simplify
procedures, as well as enhance services to the public. In February 2000 verification of the data
records commenced. As at the beginning of March 2002, the number of verified entries amounted
to just under 1.5 million persons, which corresponds to some 71 per cent of the total number of
persons whose details require verification. Day-to-day electronic church record-keeping is
scheduled to get underway in the first parishes at year-end 2001. The whole of Denmark is
scheduled to make the transition to using DNK by the end of 2003/the start of 2004. The cost of
full implementation of the new system is estimated at approximately DKK 151.60 million.
www.km.dk and www.dnk.dk
The Public Procurement Portal
The Public Procurement Portal was launched on the Internet on 3 January 2002. The Portal is
designed to effectivise public procurements. It is expected that prices will fall as a result of greater
competition and volume. The Danish Public Procurement Portal is an electronic market place, to
which public sector procurement officers and their suppliers have access, and in which
functionality, interfaces, security and transaction costs are regulated by the public sector. The
Danish Public Procurement Portal is the first of its kind in Europe. The project is a public-private
partnership between PostDanmark, Danske Bank, TDC Tele Danmark and Mærsk Data. DKK 8
million of public funds has been allocated to creation of the Portal. The Portal is financed solely by
user charges that are set by the level of turnover on the Portal.
www.doip.dk
The Public Information Server (OIS)
Widespread use of public data by society at large requires a facility for distributing such data to
citizens, private enterprises and other public authorities. In order to facilitate access to, and
increase society's use of, property data, the former Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has, in
conjunction with the former Ministry of Economic Affairs (Ministry of Economic and Business
Affairs) and the former Ministry of Information Technology and Research (now the Ministry of
Science, Technology and Innovation) established an Internet-based public information server
containing data sourced from a number of property registers. The server gives all citizens access
to a number of websites comprising the following features: Denmark's property data registers,
Guidelines, a Help facility, Search facilities and News. In addition, all citizens can access certain
forms of freely available information about properties. Currently, citizens who do not own real
property only have access to a limited section of the data in the registers. Those who do own real
property, however, have access to all the information about their own property. The server was
opened for access by citizens and data distributors in August 2001. Negotiations have been
launched on incorporation of new registers in OIS - the Public Information Server.
www.ois.dk
The Central Business Register
The Central Business Register (CVR) went into operation in autumn 1999. All companies in
Denmark are held in the register under a unique identifier. The purpose of the register is to relieve
public authorities and businesses of their administrative burdens by enabling primary data to be
reported to the authorities all in a single return. For public authorities, use of the unique CVR
identifier is mandatory in all correspondence with the respective companies. Individual data on
companies is available on the Internet. In 2001 in conjunction with the National Survey and
Cadastre, an exhaustive cross-check was made of addresses held in the CVR and the KRR (crossreference register) with the object of achieving a high level of consistency between addresses in
the two registers.
www.cvr.dk
The Societal Information and Analysis System
The Ministry of Social Affairs has established electronic official reporting systems for local and
county authorities for use in property-sale completion statements and for use in The Societal
Information and Analysis System. As of 1 June 2001 all local and county authorities started using
the facility for electronic reporting. As part of the further development a planned pilot project on
digital signatures will be launched with a view to eliminating any remaining procedures involving
paper forms. The Ministry of Social Affairs has also, as part of the efforts to effectivise the system
for promulgating regulations to local authorities and other stakeholders, launched an electronic
service for the issue of regulations notices over the Internet. As at 1 March 2002, 253 local
authorities were registered with this scheme in the form of an electronic subscription.
www.sm.dk
Digitalisation of sickness benefits administration
Simplification of and efficiency improvements to the administrative procedures for the
disbursement of sickness benefits by means of digitalisation has enormous potential for freeing up
resources for other duties just as it improves the prospects for self-service administration. To that
end, the Digital Taskforce, in conjunction with the Ministry of Employment and Local Government
Denmark, is currently finalising a model and drawing up an implementation plan for a reporting
system for sickness benefits for employed persons and unemployed persons covered by benefits
insurance.
www.e.gov.dk
Ecstasy database
The Ecstasy database was established on 1 May 2001 in cooperation with the departments of
forensic chemistry at the three institutes of forensic medicine, the Danish Police Service and the
National Board of Health. The database contains the results from forensic testing of all ecstasy
preparations seized in Denmark. The National Board of Health will be publishing the results of the
tests quarterly in the form of a description of component substances, concentrations and
appearance of ecstasy pills on the market in Denmark.
www.sum.dk and www.sst.dk
The e-Government Project
The e-Government Project is a consolidated project spanning the entire jurisdiction of the Ministry
of Economics and Business Affairs. The purpose of the project is to identify what is required to
enable the Ministry to make the transition to becoming an e-organisation with full integration of
front and back-end systems and with an underlying organisation that meets society's demands for
efficiency and transparency. The project will set up specific goals and milestones for the Ministry's
e-Government drive, and will give impetus to widespread uptake of digital services in its
jurisdiction. The project will be concluded in mid-2002.
www.oem.dk
Electronic reporting of death certificates
In July 2001 the Ministry of Health (now the Ministry of the Interior and Health) and the National
Board of Health completed the first situation report from the steering group on economicstatistical functions in the Ministry of Health and National Board of Health. The report describes
models for updating and modernising the collection, processing and forwarding of health statistical
data for specific statistical areas (the Cancer Register and Cause of Death Register).
The aim is to achieve a greater degree of currency in the data for the above-mentioned statistical
areas. With respect to the Cause of Death Register, the initiative consists of partial electronic
reporting of death certificates to the National Board of Health. The project is currently in a
validation phase in which the technical, conceptual and the more formal legal aspects are being
clarified. The compilation of a system for electronic reporting to the cause of death register will
provide a model for transition to electronic reporting in the other statistical areas. The electronic
reporting system is due to go into operation during 2002.
www.sum.dk and www.sst.dk/statistik_reg/index.asp
Electronic reporting to the Register of Substance Abusers Undergoing Treatment
On 1 January new rules came into effect on benefits for substance abusers undergoing treatment.
Restructuring of the benefits-financing programme has brought the introduction of a basic-rate
model for certain welfare benefits. In this connection the National Board of Health register of
substance abusers undergoing treatment has been adjusted for use as a platform for efficient
administration of this service following restructuring of the financing programme. The adjustment
consists, among other things, of a system for electronic reporting to the register. The electronic
reporting system went into operation on 1 January 2002.
www.sum.dk and www.sst.dk
Electronic tax authorities
Since the mid-90s the Central Customs and Tax Administration has made electronic solutions for
income tax returns, income tax calculation and advance tax assessment registration available to
citizens. The solutions will be extended as and when permitted by the technical and security
considerations. As a result of these solutions it is now possible to call up for the tax year 2000 a
detailed tax calculation corresponding to the yearly statement, and citizens required to submit
supplementary tax returns can now also make use of the online service. In addition, users have an
option for displaying detailed information about pay and interest, for example. Similar facilities will
be established for advance tax assessments for 2002. Electronic personal tax-code cards have
been introduced as a facility for employees and companies.
www.toldskat.dk
Electronic forms
The Directorate of Labour has produced electronic forms in order to improve the level of service
offered to both the unemployment funds and their members, and also as a step towards efficiency
improvements and rationalising the entire unemployment insurance system. The Directorate has
now published its entire collection of 75 forms on the Internet.
www.adir.dk
Flexibenefits
As part of the efforts to facilitate co-administration of the Act on Flexibenefits in effect since
1 July 2001 (benefits paid to flexitime (reduced hours) workers) with local authorities, the Ministry
of Social Affairs has produced an electronic form for local authorities to use on-line for registering
persons referred to a flexijob to the flexibenefits scheme.
www.fleksydelse.dk
Joint Portal for the Danish Courts
Domstol.dk is a joint website for the Danish courts. The website features a common area
containing information of a general nature, for example, on the structure of the judicial system,
news, job notices, guidelines, forms and publications. The website also comprises links to the
Court Administration, the Board of Appeal, the Judicial Appointments Council, the High and
Supreme and the County Courts. These "sub-sites" contain information of a more local nature
such as, for example, practical information, case lists and summaries of judgments. The individual
sub-sites are maintained by the respective bodies. Domstol.dk was developed by an alliance of
representatives from the Court Administration, the Board of Appeal, the higher courts and the
County Courts (Homepage Working Group).
www.domstol.dk
Food inspection
The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration's new Records and Case System and Laboratory
Data System, which will contribute to consistent and effective food control by supporting
performance of inspection and control duties at every stage of the production chain from "stable to
table", has entered into its pilot phase. On completion of the pilot phase, the systems will be
implemented successively at the Regional Veterinary and Food Control Authorities and the
Administration's central units in the period January-June 2002. The systems will represent core IT
tools for employees at regional and central branches. Besides supporting efficient food inspection,
the systems will provide a platform for publication of inspection results on the Internet. This will
be undertaken once uptake of the systems has achieved a sufficient volume of data to that end in
2003. DKK 57.5 million has been allocated to the project for the period 2000-2003.
www.foedevaredirektoratet.dk
GlobalKom
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has signed a contract for the establishment and operation of a
satellite-based communications network, GlobalKom, for shared use by the entire Danish foreign
service. The contract comprises establishment of satellite communications between the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs in Copenhagen and some 94 foreign service departments by 1 June 2001. The
system will serve to modernise and increase efficiency in duties discharged by the foreign service
by means of sufficient and secure communications capacity.
www.um.dk
Clinical databases
As part of the quality improvement strategy for the Danish hospitals a central objective is to
promote the creation of clinical databases. One advantage of having clinical databases is that it
enables maximum recycling of data provided that registrations in the clinical databases are
integrated into other information and registration systems in the hospitals. Eventually, the aim is
for the data registered to merge with electronic medical records.
www.sst.dk/faglige_omr/informatik/kliniskkva.asp
Map and Register Information for Local Authorities (KRIK)
The National Survey and Cadastre offers local authorities Internet-based access to projects in
which its own organisation and the local authorities develop and quality-assure geo-specific
primary data.
Inspection of buildings in BBR (the Buildings and Housing Register)
By comparing building data from BBR/KRR (Building and Housing Register/Cross-Reference
Register) with data from the topographical primary map database (TOP10DK), deviations have
been identified in the number of buildings on individual properties. These are presented to the
local authorities via Internet pages as an aid to local authority registrars in entering corrections in
the BBR and KRR.
Address Project
Access will be granted to nationwide statistics of data quality and upgrade-levels based on
monthly extractions from the Cross-Reference Register in the form of tables and maps. Associated
functions will display the site of a local authority's building addresses.
Verification of road names and road codes
The National Survey and Cadastre is working with bodies such as Statistics Denmark on checking
the CPR register of roads for errors. Local authorities will be offered access to the verification
documents (various lists and maps) indicating site inconsistencies.
www.kms.dk
Map service, map supply and data services
The National Survey and Cadastre will be joining forces with other official bodies and private
enterprises to establish Internet-based data services providing access to data across institutional
divides. These data services, which are based on current standards, will be suitable for
incorporation in the users' own administrative systems. In addition, the national map production
will be modernised through extended application of IT-based technologies in order to cater
specifically for individual users' requirements to compile custom maps. The National Survey and
Cadastre's digital nationwide, topographical primary map database will form the basis for
production of the national maps (both printed and for on-line use). These digital map products will
be suitable for use by professionals, private individuals and public users in geographical
information systems (GIS). In this way the data will only need to be compiled once, but can then
be used in a large number of different contexts, for example, as the basis for the users' own data
records. DKK 5 million has been allocated to formulation of methods, warehousing and production
line, and for training, with a further DKK 2 million allocated to completion of the production
environment.
www.kms.dk
Infrastructure for spatial geographic information (Geodata) and computed addresscoordinates
The National Survey and Cadastre will be granting access to computed address coordinates over
its website. This meets the acute needs of many authorities and companies for a nationwide
address base. At the same time, addresses combined with coordinates will serve to raise the
profile of IT and geodata, making the many potentials of mapping and geodata more visible. In
extension of a project on geodata carried out by the Digital Taskforce, it has been decided to
develop a shared service for joint development and exchange of geodata, with the Ministry of the
Environment presiding.
www.kms.dk/fou/omraader/index.html and
www.kms.dk/geodata/index.html?nf=http://www.kms.dk/geodata/flatadresser.html
National register of patients
To date the register has been based solely on isolated hospital admissions, but in future will
comprise aggregate hospital records of information concerning diagnosis and treatments. The
purpose is on the one hand to create a means for obtaining more accurate health statistics, and
on the other hand in order to enable the information to be used for quality improvement and as a
better basis for research.
www.sst.dk/statistik_reg/index.asp
Modernisation of CPR (the Centralised Civil Register)
In 2001 the Ministry of the Interior's Centralised Civil Registry completed the conversion of both
the CPR (Centralised Civil Register) updating system into a 24-hour update system operating 7
days a week, and the persons section of the CPR search facility into graphical client/server
systems. The systems are structured around a privileges and access control system, which
enabled the Ministry of Ecclesiastical affairs as of the turn of year 2001/2002 to convert gradually
to electronic church record-keeping in the form of "Den Ny Kirkebog" (The New Church Records)
based on a joint database with the CPR. At the same time, the work can be commenced of
converting paper-based reporting to the CPR from supreme administrative authorities in the
counties, the courts and the Danish Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs'
citizenship office via the local authority national register so that in future, data can be transferred
electronically from the administrative systems operated by these bodies to the CPR once the
necessary technical adjustments have been made there, as opposed to the current system
whereby the data are sent on paper forms to the local authority national registers for manual
reporting to the CPR. A modernised system for the centralised register of persons, combined with
open and standardised access to data transfers to and from the CPR by XML (eXtensible Markup
Language), will comprise one of the keystones for registered persons data in digital public
administration of the future, including digital, citizen-oriented, self-service facilities.
www.cpr.dk
New financial management system in central government
The Central Government's Accounting System is currently being converted into a new, customised
financial management system, Navision Stat, which among other things will provide a platform for
modernisation of financial management in central government and enable simpler, more rapid
staff exchanges between government institutions and private enterprises.
www.oes.dk
OIO-linkservice (Public Information On Line)
The purpose of the project is to achieve coordination of all digitalised information in the public
sector. The State Information Service (now the National IT and Telecom Agency) has established a
themed link service, in which public institutions can register URL addresses in order to make it
easy for citizens to find public services and information. Exchanging consistent links means less
maintenance work for web editors. Overall, this provides greater coherency between public
websites and thereby easier and faster retrieval of public information for citizens. The project is
also investigating the possibilities for labelling public information using metadata. The project can
also deal with official returns which may be used for comparable user information, thus enabling
citizens to obtain comparisons across administrative divides. Even at this early stage, a
continuation of the project has proved to be merited. The server was put into operation in July
2001. Registrations and submissions were made during autumn 2001. DKK 6 million has been
allocated to the project.
www.oio.dk
Public XML-infostructure project
In its report "Digital Public Administration" from May 2001 the Committee on Digital Public
Administration recommended adoption of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) as the Danish
national public standard for data communications. Responding to this recommendation the
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, in consultation with KIU (the Coordinating
Information Committee), has now launched its XML Project. The purpose of the project is to create
a framework for data communications in the public sector based on the XML communications
standard. The aim in future is for public data to be exchanged via XML. Standards and guidelines
will be established for data communications and integration in partnership with commercial
vendors. In addition, an infostructure metadatabase will be established in autumn 2002, and this
will facilitate access to information about data communications. The project is being financed out
of the total allocation made to Project
E-government of DKK 95 million.
www.vtu.dk
Conversion of the Church Web from ISDN to ADSL
In autumn 2001 the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs launched a pilot project on converting the
Church Web from ISDN connections to ADSL. In the pilot project every effort is being made to
draw on the findings of using different speeds on the Internet in order to map out any differences
in requirements among different types of user. The Church Web comprises approximately 2,500
users distributed over 2,300 installations across Denmark.
www.km.dk
Portal for an inclusive labour market
In order to facilitate and effectivise the process of finding relevant information about the inclusive
labour market, the Ministry of Social Affairs has established a portal for the inclusive labour
market on the Ministry's website. The portal brings together existing material of relevance from
different sources. The portal also comprises a collection of links to the website devoted to an
inclusive labour market. This will include links to coordination committees, knowledge and
information centres, government institutions and similar bodies. The purpose is to promote
knowledge sharing in this area, as part of the Government's internal human resources policy on
labour market inclusivity. Following the recent ministerial reshuffles, the portal will be transferred
to the Ministry of Employment as soon as this is feasible.
www.sm.dk
Portal for the roads sector
The Danish Road Directorate has opened a portal designed to make the Danish roads sector as a
whole more visible and to facilitate searching and exchanging of information among the roads
sector's operators. The primary target group consists of professionals at the Danish Road
Directorate working for county councils or local authorities with roads and traffic. The sector portal
will be developed with a view to offering professionals in the roads sector a virtual workplace,
where knowledge, data and tools are made available for day-to-day tasks. The aim thereby is to
achieve efficiency and quality in the management of tasks, and to create a basis for enabling the
professional community serving the roads sector to meet the nation's needs as regards aspects
such as the environment, traffic safety, costs and accessibility.
www.vejsektoren.dk
Performance-data system
The Ministry of Employment and the National Labour Market Authority have joined forces with the
National Labour Market Council and its fourteen regional sub-councils to launch a number of
initiatives to promote the use of performance data in targeting and prioritising labour market
drives at both national and regional levels. Core to the initiatives is a system of 21 indicators for
measuring external and internal efficiency in the Employment Service. The measurements are
based on a rolling database comprising all beneficiaries of public transfer income under the
Ministry of Employment and the Ministry of Social Affairs' benefits schemes. For presentation of
the performance measurements and supporting figures, a website has been created to which all
actors (councils and their alternates, employees in the regions and employees in the organisations
represented in the councils) have access.
www.bm.dk
Service partnerships between local authorities and the Public Employment
Service/unemployment funds
The Digital Taskforce is taking part in a project on digital support of procedures in the labour
market sector to promote service partnerships between local authorities and the Public
Employment Service/unemployment funds. The other project participants are: the Ministry of
Employment, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the National Labour Market Authority, the Directorate
of Labour, Local Government Denmark and the Allied Unemployment Funds. The emphasis is on
digitalisation of registration and deregistration of unemployed persons. The project is also working
on the digitalisation of wage-subsidy schemes for employers in partnership with the Danish
Commerce and Companies Agency. A requirements specification and a subsequent prototype will
be devised under this project.
www.e.gov.dk
Service partnerships in the field of geodata
The field of geodata can be integrated into new, useful and more efficient solutions for the benefit
of citizens, companies and public administration alike. To that end it is also important to bring the
field of geodata into close dialogue with other public data initiatives and projects, on issues such
as standardisation that serve to give general impetus to digital public administration. In the field
of geodata there is consensus on the need to strengthen existing committees and working groups
within the framework of service partnerships devoted to geodata. The work is being led by a
steering group consisting of central, regional and local government, with the Ministry of the
Environment presiding. One of the objects is to develop and formulate a farsighted and strategic
framework for geodata development in Denmark, but also, for example, to supervise overall and
practical collaboration on data, data access, data models, priorities and infrastructure in the field
of geodata, among other things in order to achieve coherence between geodata across its ultimate
applications and across different levels of public administration.
www.mem.dk
The State Department of Vehicle Inspection
In the context of the act on periodic vehicle inspections, the State Department of Vehicle
Inspection has launched a number of IT projects designed to stimulate efficient use of the
resources available, combined with a high level of service to customers. A modernised, nationwide
network has been established to support all the Department's inspection locations and associated
private garages, and systems for managing inspection-summonses, appointment times, planning
and resource allocation, as well as payments. In May 2001 a Web-based booking system went into
operation for public-sector clients, and an extended solution for trade customers went into
operation in January 2002. In addition, in February 2002, an "Absentee" system was launched.
The Department has expanded its website with information on "What is a vehicle inspection?" with
helpful hints for customers on how to check the roadworthiness of their vehicles. In mid-2002 the
Department's website is due to be enlarged with a facility to allow customers to call up information
about their own vehicle, including the most recent inspection report, about the make of car,
including a Top 10 listing of the most frequently occurring faults in a given make of vehicle.
www.bilsyn.dk
Healthdata web (The MedCom Project)
MedCom is a partnership of actors in the health sector, including not least counties and local
authorities. The purpose of the partnership is to contribute to the development, uptake and quality
assurance of electronic communication and information in the health sector. Since 1994 MedCom's
primary concern has been to establish a nationwide healthcare data network for electronic
communication of the clinical messages most frequently transmitted across the health sector. In
the coming project period (2002-2003) the MedCom partnership will focus primarily on
implementation of MedCom's new Internet strategy. The object of the Internet strategy is to
supplement the present healthcare data network with a data network based on Internet
technology in order to extend and strengthen facilities for electronic communications across the
health sector. The types of communication that can be used on a future Internet-based healthcare
data network include secure clinical e-mail, direct booking of appointments for examination or
treatment, a facility for looking up test results and patient data, patient monitoring and
telemedicine spanning the entire health sector.
www.medcom.dk
Exchange and inter-authority use of public data
In order to promote use of public-sector data by all public authorities it is necessary to use shared
keys/IDs for data in the individual registers. The address is often the only key that can link up
data from the three primary registers of information on persons CPR (The Centralised Civil
Register), real property/geodata BBR (the Buildings and Housing Register)/Joint Local-Authority
Property Data) and companies CVR (The Central Business Register). In support of this need, an
agreement has been concluded on a close, formalised cooperation of these three primary registers
on establishing a communal address (i.e. standardisation of their respective addresses). To that
end the first stage of the initiative concerning exchange and inter-authority use of public data has
now been realised with the creation of the public information server.
www.ois.dk and www.efs.dk
Vetstat
Vetstat is a database for recording total consumption of prescription medications, coccidiostats
and growth promoters at farm property level. The accumulated data permits detailed investigation
of possible links between consumption of antibiotics and growth and the spread of resistant strains
of bacteria. Vetstat also serves as a management resource for use by authorities in monitoring
compliance with the rules governing medication of domestic animals. For practising veterinarians,
Vetstat will provide a useful resource in advising farmers. It is therefore hoped that Vetstat will be
a vital aid in efforts to minimise consumption of antibiotics, while also optimising their use in
Danish livestock.
www.svs.dk and www.vetstat.dk
Knowledge Portal for Project E-government
In order to quality assure communication between employees in multiple levels of the publicsector, a knowledge portal has been set up in support of Project E-government in the form of a
website - www.e.gov.dk. The knowledge portal is there to provide advice and assistance, produce
reference materials, checklists and best-practice models for use by public organisations in their
transition to digital governance.
www.e.gov.dk/sitemod/design/layouts/default/index.asp?pid=370
Top of the Web
"Top of the Web" designates an annual quality check, started in 2000, of all central and local
government websites. The purpose is to ensure that the public sector leads the way in the
exploitation of the opportunities offered by the Internet for better service and greater userfriendliness - including general accessibility for the disabled. In the period 2000-2003, ongoing
checking of official websites is being performed, and user- and self-evaluation will be conducted.
Prizes will be awarded to the best websites each year. "Top of the Web" will be continually
extended, both to improve monitoring as progress is made with e-government, and also to
increase the scope for pro-active communication of current instructions and standards relating to
good information and service provision via the Internet, and choice of technical solutions. It is also
the intention to facilitate quality-comparison of official websites. DKK 8.7 million has been
allocated over the period 2000-2003.
www.bedstpaanettet.dk
Bibliotek.dk
"Bibliotek.dk" is an entry point to information on all the books and other material in Danish public
and research libraries. The service, which is already in operation, offers an electronic ordering
facility. Books etc. that have been ordered can be collected at a library chosen by the user.
www.bibliotek.dk
Forms bazaar
Before the end of 2002, it will be possible for people to use the Internet to download and submit
all important official forms, for example, those for change of doctor and change of address. In the
intervening period, all important forms are being made electronically available for downloading
from the Internet. The Coordinating Information Committee is one of the bodies with responsibility
for the project. The Danish State Information Service (now incorporated into the Danish National
IT and Telecom Agency) launched a forms bazaar for official forms etc. for citizens' use in May
2001.
www.vtu.dk and www.blankettorvet.dk
Citizens' IT rights
A committee on citizens' IT rights has been set up to ensure transparency and build public
confidence. The committee published a status report at the end of June 2001, and a conference on
citizens' IT rights was held on 26 September 2001. The conclusions of the report and the
conference are being used to set terms of reference for the second phase of the committee's work,
which will be begun in spring 2002. This phase will involve using the report and conference
conclusions to draw up specific recommendations for areas where there is a need to develop or
adapt existing legislation or regulations to the needs of the network society.
www.vtu.dk
Public map service
KMS (the Danish National Survey and Cadastre Agency) is establishing a map service which will
enable the public to see map extracts from its range of selected raster-based atlases. The system
will satisfy a need for maps to be available to be viewed and, later, ordered and distributed, via
the Internet. The service will help the user to find his or her area of interest by means of
geographical navigation, place names and, in later versions, postal addresses. The first version of
the service is expected to be put into operation early in 2002. The Internet ordering and
distribution facility should follow in mid-2002. DKK 0.5 million annually has been allocated.
www.kms.dk/korttjeneste (not available until mid-2002).
Children's library on the web
"DotBot" is an offshoot of the Danish Public Libraries' "Netguide", intended to develop a freely
accessible guide to the world-wide web for children and young people. DotBot also provides
information for children and young people about what the Public Library can offer, and will
contribute to the building and improving of skills in the participating libraries.
www.dotbot.dk
Denmark.dk
This site provides information about Danish society needed by people in their lives as citizens,
details of the areas of responsibility of the various authorities, their addresses, telephone
numbers, e-mail addresses, websites, etc. There are also lists of legislation, regulations, official
instructions and publications issued by the Folketing (the Danish Parliament), the government
departments and the EU, with an ordering facility and links to electronic versions.
Denmark's Debate - a public forum
The aim is to develop a standard functionality for on-line debates, and make it available to all
public institutions. A website is being created where all public authorities can set up a time-limited
debate forum. The site will enable members of the public to see a list of debates in progress on
matters of public interest defined geographically, by topic and by official institution. Another aim is
to start a dialogue, with a view to further developing Denmark's Debate, with interested parties
and members of the public on the possibilities for new, IT-based forms of dialogue between the
people and their elected representatives.
Common official news service
The purpose is to create a single place on the Internet where all the current day's central and local
government press releases are accessible. It will be possible to find the press releases on
"www.denmark.dk" by geographical, topic, event, institution and free-text searching.
Search engine for official websites
The Danish State Information Service (now incorporated into the Danish National IT and Telecom
Agency) has developed a search engine to enable users to locate official websites. At present,
approximately 3,600 official websites can be found using the engine. It is comparable to the
popular search engines "Jubii" and "Kvasir" in terms of search techniques, but targets websites in
the public sector. The search engine has been operational since the autumn of 2000.
Approximately DKK 1 million has been allocated to the project.
www.denmark.dk
StatBank Denmark
Access to StatBank Denmark has been available free of charge since the beginning of 2001,
permitting any individual or company to retrieve statistics in various combinations. There are
already 42,000 registered users, and it is estimated that a similar number use the service without
having registered. There will also be access to "News from Statistics Denmark" without charge,
and the "Statistical Yearbook 2001" will be freely accessible in both Danish and English. The
international aspect is reinforced by the provision of a translation of the Danish site,
www.statistikbanken.dk, into English. This will give foreign companies and organisations direct
access to Danish statistics.
www.dst.dk and www.statistikbanken.dk
The Virtual Art Museum
At the suggestion of the Ministry of Culture, the Danish Art Index and the Danish National Gallery
have established the Virtual Art Museum on the Internet with displays of the best of twentiethcentury Danish art. Exhibits include works from both public and private collections, and works that
no longer exist. There are various permanent exhibitions, with explanatory texts provided to
accompany the different works. There are also special exhibitions by individual artists, which
change every three months. The site offers users the opportunity to be their own museum director
and assemble their own private exhibitions by searching for works in the database.
www.detvirtuellekunstmuseum.dk
Digitalisation of DR and TV2 programme archives
A working group consisting of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR), the television company
TV2, the State and University Library and the Danish Research Council for the Humanities has
been assigned the task of considering how a representative selection of DR's, TV2's and the State
and University Library's archives can be digitalised. The working group has presented a draft
working plan for carrying out the digitalisation project. The draft is expected to figure in the
negotiations on a media agreement which is due to be signed before the end of 2002.
www.kum.dk
Digital TV
The Government is preparing a new media policy agreement that will apply to 2003 and the
following years. One of the elements to be included is the setting of a framework for the
introduction of digital television in Denmark. Digital television opens the way for new digital
programmes and services that can help develop IT skills amongst the population. The new media
agreement is expected to be signed before the end of 2002.
www.kum.dk
Data distribution using CD technologies
KMS (the Danish National Survey and Cadastre Agency) is making use of CD-ROM technology to
give the public access to information contained in its extensive data collections, and also - in
collaboration with other companies and institutions - to make themed information available to
users. "The Living Map of Denmark 2001" is a CD-ROM providing maps and easy access to other
information on topics like tourist attractions, amusements, administrative matters and geography.
The information can be updated by visiting the KMS website. In 2000, KMS issued a CD-ROM
aimed at boating enthusiasts and containing charts, shipping information, and safety information
from various authorities (the Danish Pleasure Sailing Safety Board, the Danish Yacht Racing
Union, the Danish Maritime Authority, the Royal Danish Administration of Navigation and
Hydrography, and KMS). Collecting data and publishing it using an up-to-date medium contributes
to increased safety at sea. The maritime CD is a supplement to paper charts, but cannot replace
them. Users can update the information via the Internet.
www.levendedanmark.dk
Do I drink too much?
The website "www.drikkerjegformeget.dk" ("Do I drink too much?") was created for the Danish
National Board of Health's annual campaign on alcohol, "Week No. 40", in 2000. The purpose of
the site is to offer factual, relevant information that can be acted on about alcohol and the
consequences of excessive alcohol consumption, including advice on how to reduce one's own
alcohol intake. The site has a number of functionalities such as calculation of units in beer, wine
and spirits, calculation of one's own blood alcohol content and a self-test. There are also links to
public and private institutions where those with alcohol problems can receive advice and
treatment.
www.drikkerjegformeget.dk
Electronic service from the City of Copenhagen
In 2000, the City of Copenhagen initiated a project on electronic service for residents, with the
aim of transforming the local authority administration from analog to digital and establishing
electronic self-service for a range of individual local authority services. The purpose is to enable
users to avoid the need to make a physical visit to a local authority office, by taking advantage of
a self-service system on the Internet instead. The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
is supporting the project with DKK 4.5 million. The project is being launched in spring 2002.
www.vtu.dk and www.kk.dk
Electronic road traffic information
The Danish Road Directorate's Traffic Information Centre (T.I.C.) collects, processes and
disseminates traffic information 24 hours a day. The information is collected and recorded in a
system that complies with international standards. The Road Directorate has opened a traffic
portal where road users and others can see all reports from T.I.C., as well as other information,
round the clock. Further development of the electronic traffic information service will be based on
on-line reporting effected through the cooperation of the police and the highway and other
relevant authorities, and also distribution and display of information on the Internet, for the
purpose of creating a coherent system for handling information on traffic in Denmark.
www.trafikken.dk
FINFO
FINFO is an information portal that has been developed to handle information in many languages
and with up to 200 local libraries connected. The portal gives access to information about Danish
society for ethnic minorities in Denmark. As well as information on topics such as asylum and
residence, work, education and training, politics and culture, there is also a world index covering
news, culture, politics and other useful information from many countries. At present eleven
languages are available, and the intention is to extend the portal with a further three languages. A
network has been set up consisting of the State and University Library, the Immigrants' Library
and the Central and Public Libraries, which will maintain the Internet service jointly.
www.finfo.dk
The Danish Public Libraries' "Netguide"
The Danish Public Libraries "Netguide" is a combined means of access to information sources on
the Internet. It selects and describes sources in all subject fields, and contains information about
other countries, literature, films, music, pets, diseases, legislation and the EU. The Netguide is the
result of cooperation between 21 large Danish public libraries.
www.fng.dk
Popular health and disease prevention on the Internet
The Ministry of Health (now the Ministry of the Interior and Health) has launched a range of
Internet services related to popular health and disease prevention. The Government's Programme
for Popular Health can be found on a special website which includes information and news about
initiatives in the prevention of disease and a nationwide database of preventive action, news and
targeted links. The Danish National Board of Health's website, www.sst.dk, includes a special area
concerning the prevention of disease and the promotion of health which allows the user to connect
to the areas for which the Board is responsible.
www.folkesundhed.dk and www.sst.dk
Consumers' Internet Portal
On 1 August 2000, the Danish Consumer Information Office and the National Consumer Agency of
Denmark introduced a telephone consumer hotline. In conjunction with the hotline, the Danish
Consumer Information Office has developed the Consumers' Internet Portal. The aim is to create a
new single common Internet entry point that will provide consumers and companies with a
convenient way to find what is relevant to them amongst the rapidly growing quantity of
consumer information and offers to be found there. The project is to contribute to the circulation
of market information to benefit consumers as well as competitive new and existing companies,
and thereby help underpin a well-functioning market. The project will be exclusively open-source
based. The portal will be developed in phases. In the first phase, it will be integrated into the
Danish Consumer Information Office's information and testing activities, and will be updated by a
website editor and a group of specialist editors. In the last quarter of 2001, the portal was
extended by the addition of a special "young consumers" theme, whilst the Danish Consumer
Information Office newsletter "fi.dk" will become electronic and completely integrated into the
portal. In 2002 the portal will be extended by the inclusion of a test database which will enable
users to compare prices and quality of goods. In the same period the ethical database will be
integrated into the portal, to help critical consumers and ethical companies find each other.
DKK 11.4 million has been allocated to the project over four years.
www.fi.dk
Consumer security
The website "forbrugersikkerhed.dk" (the name means "consumer security") has been set up by
the Association of Danish Internet Traders and the Danish Consumer Council to provide ordinary
users with information about their rights on the Internet. The site was launched in 1999 with
voluntary labour from a number of companies and organisations. In autumn 1999, the Ministry of
Research (now the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation) made a grant for the
development of a new version which went on-line in March 2000. Since then the project has been
very favourably evaluated, and it will form part of more coordinated action on consumers and
e-commerce. It provides Danish consumers with information on how best to browse and shop
safely on the Internet. A panel of experts has been retained to provide informative articles for the
website and answer questions from consumers. The site contains pages devoted to the following
general topics: registration and protection of personal details; payment over the Internet;
e-banking; customer rights in e-transactions; and security matters, including e-mail, encryption
and virus attack.
www.forbrugersikkerhed.dk
Common public health portal
The national strategy for IT in the hospital service in 2000-2002 contains an initiative calling on
the health authorities to consider jointly whether it would be useful to establish a combined
Internet portal with health information for both the general public and health care personnel.
Danish Regions, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (now the Ministry of the Interior and
Health), the Danish National Board of Health, Copenhagen Hospital Corporation, the City of
Copenhagen and the Frederiksberg local authority, and Local Government Denmark, has taken the
first steps towards the setting up a common public health portal. The purpose of the project is to
support the health service in its task by providing service and information of high quality in a costeffective manner. The portal will help facilitate electronic communication, both between the public
and the health service, and internally within the health service. It will give the public and health
care personnel easy access to relevant high-quality information. The public bodies involved are at
present in the process of setting up a contractual basis for the collaboration and conducting
preparatory work on the development and establishment of the portal.
www.sum.dk
Access to telecommunications and IT for the disabled
The Danish National Telecom Agency (now the Danish National IT and Telecom Agency) has
prepared a factual report on the current telecommunications situation of the disabled in Denmark,
as compared with other countries. The analysis shows that Denmark could improve its services for
the disabled. The 1996 IT Plan for the Disabled is to be superseded by a new plan. Therefore
Denmark needs to define a new framework for IT and telecommunications in relation to the
disabled. The purpose of a new, integrated IT and telecommunications policy is still to guarantee
basic services and products, but a new feature will consist in making the framework flexible and
dynamic in such a way that technological progress will continually benefit the disabled. A
temporary committee has been appointed consisting mainly of representatives from the IT and
telecommunications industry, the authorities, and organisations for the disabled. This composition
of the committee is intended to secure the objective included in the committee's remit - to make
technology, rather than operational support, the core of new products and services. It is expected
that the committee will have prepared a draft for a new action plan by the end of 2002.
DKK 10 million has been allocated to the initiative in 2002.
www.itst.dk and www.vtu.dk
Interactive price guide
At the end of 2000, the Danish National Telecom Agency (now the Danish National IT and Telecom
Agency) established an Internet-based, interactive price guide, "teleprisguide.dk", which enables
consumers to make comparisons based on their own usage profile of approximately 25 different
telecommunications companies' prices for fixed-line and mobile telephone and Internet services.
The guide is updated whenever individual companies alter their prices or conditions. The price
guide was extended in 2001 to cover telephoning abroad and fast Internet connections. The new
facilities were opened for users on 1 March 2002.
www.teleprisguide.dk
Internet-basedrecruitment
In January 2001, the Danish National Labour Market Authority and the Public Employment Service
together drew up an action plan for the latter's recruitment service strategy, focusing in particular
on the extension and future use of the Public Employment Service's Internet-based self-service
tools. The extension will help further the realisation of the employment market policy vision of the
self-service tools as a means of contributing to a more transparent and flexible employment
market and of generally increasing the involvement of the unemployed. There are good prospects
of setting up data exchange between the Internet solution and the AMANDA system. On the basis
of the action plan and a pilot study conducted in December 2000 - March 2001, the Danish
National Labour Market Authority is continuing work on modernising the Public Employment
Service's national job and CV database by adapting the Swedish web solution. The goal is to
implement the Swedish solution in the second half of 2002. DKK 6 million has been allocated to
development of the database in 2002.
www.af.dk
Internet quality guide
The Danish National Telecom Agency (now the Danish National IT and Telecom Agency) is
developing a guide that can be used for ongoing quality checks of the information services offered
on the Danish market. The principal purpose of the electronic quality guide for Internet services is
to help create an overview and transparency for private consumers, to enable them to make a
more informed choice between the Internet services on offer. Another purpose, though, is to
provide an incentive to companies to deliver the highest possible quality for the price. The
initiative was implemented with the involvement of the relevant target groups, including the
telecommunications industry and consumers. The first stage of the guide was launched on the
Danish National Telecom Agency website on 18 December 2001. The second stage was launched
on 9 April 2002.
www.internetkvalitetsguide.dk
The IT Security Committee
The IT Security Committee's remit expired on 31 March 2002, after a temporary extension of
three months granted in November 2001 by the then Minister for IT and Research. Work is
accordingly now in progress on a major reorganisation of the area, and increased coordination and
advice are amongst the keywords. The work carried out so far by the IT Security Committee is to
be incorporated in this framework, whilst it will also be an aim to achieve greater coherence in all
the work done on IT security, which at present takes place in different sectors and in different
fields. Organisation of work on IT security will both make it more effective and at the same time
give the State a more central and pronounced role in the area. It is therefore being considered
whether a future committee should have a legislative foundation on which to base its work. The
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation has allocated DKK 3 million in 2002 to initiatives in
the area - including statistical studies of data security, analysis of international IT security models,
teaching material and various guides.
www.vtu.dk/cgi-bin/left-org-commite.cgi?doc_id=3565&doc_type=488 and www.itsikkerhedsraadet.dk
Local authority key figures
It has been possible since 1998 to download an electronic version of the Ministry of the Interior's
(now the Ministry of the Interior and Health's) local authority key figures from the Internet. Since
August 2001, it has also been possible to see every local authority's key figures on-line by visiting
the Ministry's website, and follow links to search for information on the separate local authorities'
own websites. The purpose is to achieve wider use of and access to comparative information on
local authority expenditure seen in relation to the extent and content of council services.
www.im.dk
Kulturnet dk
The Ministry of Culture set up the website "kulturnet.dk" in 1996. The service provides public
Internet access to the Ministry's establishments, including the collections held by Danish
museums, galleries, etc., and to information about current and forthcoming cultural events and
the activities of the country's cultural institutions. Kulturnet Danmark makes grants each year to
selected cultural institutions for the implementation of digitalisation and Internet presentation
projects. An evaluation was carried out in November 2001, and the future mode of organisation is
being considered.
www.kulturnet.dk
Quality declarations
Part of the work of the National Council for Quality Development in the Health Service involves
hospital departments publishing what treatments they offer and the quality of their treatment, by
producing quality declarations. The content of these declarations incorporates information drawn
from the clinical databases, the National Indicator Project, waiting time data, electronic medical
records and the Danish National Patient Register.
www.sst.dk/faglige_omr/planlaeg/index.asp
Public-sector vacancies
Persons wishing to seek a job as a State employee can find all such vacancies on a single common
electronic job listing service. A Ministry of Finance circular requires that all vacancies for State
employees must be advertised on this service. The Danish State Information Service (now
incorporated into the Danish National IT and Telecom Agency) is responsible for the service, which
was launched early in 2001. The project receives no public funding, and is run by a private-sector
company chosen by tender.
www.job-i-staten.dk
Land Registry information and updating system (MIA)
KMS (the Danish National Survey and Cadastre Agency), together with the local authorities and
chartered surveyors in private practice, has been responsible for the development of a GIS-based
system known as MIA for the creation and updating of entries in the National Land Register. MIA
and associated software make it possible for chartered surveyors to prepare land registration
matters digitally on the basis of current information and to communicate data digitally to the
parties involved in the registration process. Within KMS, it will be possible to update the register
and cadastral map on the basis of the data created by the chartered surveyor, without duplicated
effort. In addition, data from MIA will be able to be incorporated directly, without scanning, into
the digital filing systems of all the parties in the registration process.
www.kms.dk
Naturnet.dk
"Naturnet.dk" has been created to inspire people to go out into the countryside. There is
information on guided country walks and a collection of excursion folders. There are advanced
search options allowing the user to specify parameters such as date, area and subject. The
website has existed with nationwide coverage since April 2001, and was established in
collaboration by the Danish National Forest and Landscape Agency, the Department of the
Environment, Danish Regions, Local Government Denmark, the Danish Society for the
Conservation of Nature, the Outdoor Recreation Council and the Royal Danish School of
Librarianship. The Danish National Forest and Landscape Agency is responsible for the operation of
the website.
www.naturnet.dk
Government bookshop on the Internet
The Danish State Information Service (now incorporated into the Danish National IT and Telecom
Agency) has developed a website where all Danish government publications can be ordered and
purchased. It will also be possible to establish the bookshop locally on an institution's own
website, and using the institution's own design. When a purchase is made, the price is shown, and
a paying-in slip is sent out later.
www.netboghandel.dk
New home computer scheme
In January 2002, the Government brought out a proposal for a modernised home computer
scheme and tax exemption for data communication paid for by the employer. The home computer
scheme gives the employee the right to a tax allowance of up to DKK 3,500 each year against the
cost of having a computer made available at home by his/her employer. The scheme requires the
employer to contribute 25 per cent of the costs. In addition, data communications access paid for
by the employer will be tax free, provided the employee has access to the employer's network
from home. It is estimated that the proposal will entail an annual revenue loss of the order of DKK
165 million. For 2002, the revenue loss is estimated at approximately DKK 85 million, because of
the phasing-in of the new arrangements.
www.vtu.dk
Environment, food and health portal
The environment, food and health portal is an Internet portal operated jointly by the Ministry of
Environment and Energy (now the Ministry of the Environment), the Ministry of Food, Agriculture
and Fisheries, and the Ministry of Health (now the Ministry of the Interior and Health). The portal
will enable users to search for information on subjects where there is an overlap between the
three Ministries' areas of responsibility. One task the three Ministries are jointly working on is the
development of a portal for the target group consisting of women between the ages of 18 and 55.
The purpose is to create a combined entry point to information about the environment, food and
health. The focus is on the needs of the individual, the good life and news and topical matters, in
both text and pictures. The portal is constructed to allow entry via subject or life situation. It
contains brief texts on the various subject areas and life situations, after which the user is
typically guided onwards to the websites of the separate Ministries and their organs. The portal
was launched on 13 September 2001.
www.vildu.dk
Comparative consumer information
In March 2002, the Ministry of the Interior and Health issued official instructions on comparative
consumer information relating to public child-minding facilities, primary and lower secondary
schools, care of the elderly and upper secondary schools. The instructions are a specific expression
of Recommendation No. 1399, "Comparative Consumer Information". The information is to be
made available to users primarily via the Internet, with the individual user's local authority's
website being the point of entry. Local authorities that choose to provide this type of information
must ensure that clear and simple directions guide the user from the local authority homepage to
the comparative consumer information. To help the local authorities get started simply and quickly
with the preparation of the information, the Ministry of the Interior and Health has produced
electronic templates, which can be downloaded from the Ministry's website. Users can search for
comparative consumer information for the local authorities, institutions or services they are
interested in by means of the OIO link service, either going through the local authorities' own
websites, or via www.denmark.dk, for example.
http://www.im.dk/Index/mainstart.asp?o=65&n=1&s=4
Over-50s policy
The website "www.seniorpolitik.dk" allows people over 50, shop stewards, company managers and
organisations to find out about government policy on over-50s at the workplace; education and
training for the over-50s; the job-finding service and network for the unemployed; news about
over-50s policy, conferences and publications; and the Over-50s Policy Debate. The portal opened
in November 2000. Approximately DKK 1.2 million has been allocated to creation of the website,
campaign and conference activities, and operation.
www.seniorpolitik.dk
The Soldier in the Back Garden
"The Soldier in the Back Garden" is an interactive web story for children, created as a collaborative
project by approximately 20 Danish cultural bodies. The narrative is presented through the
experiences of two children and takes the form of an on-line cartoon, incorporating digitalised
material such as music, sound clips, photographs, old film clips, strip cartoons, extracts from
weekly magazines and pictures from the historical period around 1945. The historical material has
been selected from the collections of the many participating organisations. The idea of the project
is to use the Internet to make a piece of cultural history come alive to children. This is done partly
by creating a story that relates a little contemporary history, in this case about the Second World
War in Denmark, from a personal, child's point of view, and partly by showing material from the
Danish cultural heritage as an integral part of the narrative. "The Soldier in the Back Garden"
became accessible on the Internet on 6 November 2001.
www.soldatenibaghaven.dk
Language and speech technology - IT in Danish
Synthetic speech will become an integral part of computers and many other technological products
in the near future. To ensure that the Danish language will still be useable in a globalised network
society, the Ministry of Research and Information Technology (now the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation) has allocated DKK 8.5 million over the period 1999-2002 to support
the development of Danish synthetic speech. The Ministry signed a contract with a consortium on
the development of high-quality Danish synthetic speech in 1999. The first results can now be
obtained on the market. In May 2001, synthetic speech was added to the Ministry's website,
enabling users with reading difficulties to have the content read aloud. Version 2, with improved
quality of the synthetic speech, has been completed according to plan and released on the market
in the spring of 2002. In the spring of 2001, the Ministry signed a contract with the Centre for
Language Technology, which, in collaboration with other R&D environments, is to create a
foundational Danish term database for language technology applications. The database will be able
to be used as a basis for development work on a number of language technology products of
various types. DKK 6 million has been allocated in 2002 for the development and operation of the
database for four years.
www.vtu.dk
State address database
The purpose of the State address database is partly to replace the Ministries' Telephone Book, and
partly to simplify the annual updating of the official Danish Court and State Yearbook. All central
government and civil servants' addresses and telephone numbers can be found on
www.denmark.dk, and also by other routes. The common State address database came into
operation in November 2001. Approximately DKK 2.2 million has been allocated to the project.
www.denmark.dk
Smoking choice
The website www.fritvalg.info ("frit valg" means "free choice") was launched in November 2001 by
HORESTA (the employers' association for the Danish hotel, restaurant and tourist industry) and
the Danish National Board of Health, acting in collaboration. It contains a guide to establishments
that provide food and/or overnight accommodation and have non-smoking areas. The site has
facilities allowing users to order written material and find further information about the
collaborative project, whilst companies can join the listing. The purpose of the initiative is to give
customers a way of finding those establishments that offer non-smoking areas.
www.fritvalg.info
The website www.drstop.dk is aimed directly at smokers, and is designed taking into account the
fact that smokers differ widely in their smoking habits and their motivation to give up smoking.
The website has been launched by STOP, which is a collaborative body including the Danish
National Board of Health, the Danish Cancer Society, the Danish Heart Foundation and the Danish
Lung Association. Dr. STOP is a supplement to the telephone advice service "the STOP line" and
the information material that STOP has prepared and continues to supply to smokers. Dr. STOP
helps smokers to sort out the conflicting feelings that many people experience in relation to their
smoking, and for those who decide to give up smoking, Dr. STOP is ready to help. A self-test can
be completed, and a scientifically based programme produced that takes account of the
individual's own situation. Personal replies can also be obtained to questions relating to smoking
and stopping smoking from qualified instructors and other experts.
www.drstop.dk
www.klar-parat-stop.dk ("ready-steady-stop") is STOP's new website that aims to make it
attractive for younger or less motivated smokers to use the Internet as an aid to giving up
smoking. The form and content of the site has been designed to work well together with STOP's
new guide for young people, "Ready-Steady-Stop!", which can also be ordered via the site. Some
items on the site have been drawn from STOP's official website for smokers who are motivated to
give up smoking (www.drstop.dk) in the hope that this may encourage curious smokers in the
consideration phase to register as users of Dr. STOP.
www.klar-parat-stop.dk
Three digital local authorities
Three local authrorities (Hedensted, Juelsminde and Tørring-Uldum) have joined forces to exploit
the possibilities of IT collaboration and joint better service to residents. The project is split into
phases, and the first phase was put into operation on 1 July 2001. The three councils are
continuing thereafter independently. A total of DKK 10 million was allocated to the first phase of
the project, which was evaluated as part of the "Service and Welfare" project.
www.vtu.dk and www.kl.dk/211746
Wider use of digital signatures
The purpose of the project is to achieve a major rapid expansion in the availability of widely
useable digital signatures for individuals and companies. The Minister of Science, Technology and
Innovation has approved a strategy that has the purpose of establishing, in cooperation with
private players, the necessary and sufficient technical and organisational conditions for the
introduction and use of digital signatures widely throughout society. The overall strategy for the
establishment and use of digital signatures in the public sector has the following main
components:
1. Establishment and operation of the necessary and sufficient joint public-sector IT security
infrastructure.
2. Initial central financing with a view to rapid spread of software-based digital signatures. The
establishment of partnerships on the distribution and support of digital signatures for
individuals and companies with a view to:
- the greatest possible inclusion of existing portfolios of digital signatures
- the greatest possible inclusion of planned issues of digital signatures
- the optimum use of existing distribution channels.
3. A campaign directed at authorities to establish electronic services using digital signatures,
featuring a central offer to authorities of participation for a period in central financing of
digital signatures for free issue to individuals and companies.
4. The legal situation relating to the use of digital signatures.
The project is being funded partly out of the total of DKK 95 million allocated over the period 20022005 to the Digital Public Administration Project.
www.vtu.dk
Waiting list information on the Internet
The waiting time information system operated on the Internet by the Ministry of Health (now the
Ministry of the Interior and Health) contains information relating to 25 selected surgical
procedures. The purpose of the system, which has been running since 1999, is to give people a
better basis on which to make their decision when choosing a hospital. Since 1999 it has also been
possible to see statistics which show the number of these operations performed at the various
hospitals. In 2000 the system was expanded to give information on waiting times for treatment
under a specialist. Of the 25 operations, six are regularly performed under a specialist's care.
Treatment targets, effective from September 2001, have been introduced for all life-threatening
diseases, with prior expansion of the waiting time system to give information on waiting times and
activities relating to these diseases. It is also part of the plan that the system will be extended in
the course of 2002 with information on a considerably larger number of treatments. As part of the
follow-up on waiting times for after-care of cancer patients, the Ministry of Health has made the
waiting time information system available for the notification of detailed waiting time information
intended for medical personnel. To accommodate the growing use of the waiting time system, the
Ministry is at present in the process of setting up a new and more flexible system. This system is
expected to be functioning in 2002. DKK 0.5 million has been allocated to the project.
www.info.sum.dk
Vifab.dk
"Vifab.dk" is a combined point of access to information about alternative treatment and natural
medicine. Amongst the website content can be found descriptions of approved natural remedies,
high-strength vitamin and mineral preparations, and different forms of alternative treatment; a
database on current research projects in the field; specialist articles; a collection of links; a
glossary; a library; and a debate forum. The target group consists of consumers and also health
care personnel who are interested in alternative treatment and natural medicine.
www.vifab.dk
Web-based information database for the unemployed
The purpose of the project is to digitalise a number of case-processing transactions between
unemployment insurance funds, regional departments of the Danish Public Employment Service
and the local authorities. This will provide a way of limiting the flood of paperwork which threatens
to overwhelm staff and unemployed alike. At the same time it will help with follow-up and
organisation of employment initiatives, with an emphasis on effectiveness at getting the
unemployed into work. In the longer term it is the intention that the unemployed and those in
work will have access through the portal to "account details" of their insurance status with regard
to accumulation and consumption of entitlements to unemployment pay and early retirement
benefit. The database is being created by re-using data and computation programs drawn from
the Ministry of Employment's benefit recipient history database covering the Ministry's various
areas of responsibility. The principal task of the project is to make the history database more
administratively useful, to make access to the database web-based, and to identify what
functionality is needed in the use of the database. The employment market portal is being
developed in collaboration with the Danish National Labour Market Authority, the Directorate of
Labour, the Association of Unemployment Insurance Funds and Local Government Denmark. The
system, which is based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), is expected to yield a very
considerable easing of burdens, give more possibilities for ordinary staff to assess employment
initiatives by their results, and contribute to a constructive collaboration between the three
principal players in the efforts to help people back into work. It is expected that the system will be
taken into use in 2002.
www.bm.dk
Ecology site
The ecology site "fvm.dk" is intended as the ultimate site for all who are interested in ecology to
look for news and information about organic products, new legislation and EU initiatives, discuss
ecology, and much more. Users will be able to download/order information material they need,
and receive answers to all kinds of questions about ecological matters. There will be links to, for
example, private-sector companies, special interest groups and consumer organisations in
Denmark, in the EU and in the rest of the world. An English-language edition of all information
material is to be prepared. The new site, which belongs to the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and
Fisheries, was launched in mid-October 2001.
www.fvm.dk
Administration of financial support
Decentralisation
In order to secure speedier case-processing and better service for applicants, the Danish State
Education Grant and Loan Scheme Authority is in the process of decentralising the customer
service relating to ordinary student grants and loans, and also the adult vocational education and
training support scheme, to co-administrators (educational establishments, unemployment
insurance funds, etc.). To support this strategy, the Authority has developed a new Internet-based
IT system (US2000), which was put into operation in 2000. There are currently 400 educational
establishments connected to the system, approximately 175 of them also having updating access.
The decentralisation process for the State Education Grant and Loan Scheme will be completed in
2003, when it is expected that approximately 80 per cent of student grant and loan recipients will
be attached to an educational establishment having updating access to US2000.
Grant and loan self-service system and e-mail box
This project was set in motion in December 2001. The purpose is both to improve service for the
approximately 350,000 applicants for support from the Danish State Education Grant and Loan
Scheme, and partly to ease the administrative burdens of the scheme on the co-administrators
that have access to US2000. The self-service system will enable applicants to submit applications
for grants and loans, perform simple updating and request information about their own support
status. The system will also enable electronic forms to be sent to the applicant's e-mail box
(annual statement, notification of entitlement, etc.) The system is to be put into operation in the
summer of 2002. DKK 2-3 million has been allocated to the project.
www.su.dk
System for the adult vocational education and training support scheme
The specially developed system for the adult vocational education and training support scheme
was put into operation on 1 January 2001. The decentralisation of customer service is in progress,
and is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2002. Approximately 120 co-administrators
will then have updating access.
www.svu.dk
System for the disabled education and training support scheme
A specially developed system to handle financial support for teaching aids for the disabled was put
into operation by the Danish State Education Grant and Loan Scheme Authority in 2001.
www.su.dk/sps
The Pioneer Project
Pioneer II started as a project in 1999. It is a continuation of Pioneer I, part of the purpose of
which was the development of new teaching aids using IT. With Pioneer II, it is the user - both
teacher and pupil - that is at the centre, and thirteen projects have been initiated. Amongst the
results will be the formulation of recommendations as to how to develop flexible teaching aids that
are accessible to all pupils, including those from immigrant communities and the disabled. In
2002, work is continuing on specifying the requirements for specific, realisable, net-based
teaching aids and learning procedures. The pioneering aspect consists in the involvement of pupils
and teachers in an active collaboration with teaching aids producers on the development and
maintenance of teaching aids. In mid-August 2001, the experience that had been gained was
published on the website "www.banebryder.dk". An associated booklet titled "New Ways - New
Means" was also published as a source of ideas and appetiser for the various projects,
assessments, recommendations and programme evaluations to be found on the website.
Collaboration between schools and teaching aids producers will be established in 2002. A
prototype will be tested and further developed in the autumn of 2002, and in 2003 the teaching
aids will go into production for trial in the involved schools as active co-players.
www.uvm.dk/emner/ and www.banebryder.dk
Better IT at the universities
All Danish universities have prioritised increased use and integration of IT in education and
research as part of their Development Contract and Development Contract Supplement. The use
of computers in university teaching must be accompanied by thorough consideration of how this
tool affects the learning process, teaching methods, and ways of handling the theoretical and
practical problems presented by the subjects. New forms of testing and examination will follow
naturally from this. Increased use of IT at the universities must be seen in combination with the
content of teaching and research. The universities state their progress in relation to the targets
that were set for IT use in their annual reports.
www.vtu.dk
Denmark's Electronic Research Library
Denmark's Electronic Research Library is being established jointly by the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education. The purpose of
the Library is to create in Denmark a coherent research library structure, able to develop the
libraries' digital capacity and user interfaces for the benefit of researchers and users of research
results. The portal enables the individual user to obtain information about the resources of Danish
research libraries. The opening of the portal took place in September 2001, and the Library will be
permanently established before the end of 2002. DKK 200 million has been allocated over the
period 1998-2002.
www.deflink.dk
The virtual upper secondary school
A programme of analysis and elucidation is being carried out in relation to the ordinary upper
secondary schools with the aim of presenting a holistic view of subject-related, educational,
organisational and IT-related problems and possibilities in the widespread use of information and
communication technology. The purpose of the elucidatory work is to set up a vision of how
previous experiences with electronic classes and other forms of IT-based teaching can be further
developed to benefit the building of pupils' competences. Emphasis is placed on the scope for
subject-related, educational, organisational and IT-strategic application and development. The
report was published in November 2001, and was discussed at a major conference involving all
relevant players in January 2002. Development work is being put in hand at selected upper
secondary schools.
www.uvm.dk/gymnasie/almen/it/virtueltgym.html
Electronic meeting place for teaching (EMU)
EMU is the teaching portal for primary and secondary schools. In the face of the increasing volume
of services on the educational network "Sektornet", EMU helps facilitate access to projects,
resources and tools on the Internet and create clarity and overview. Various entries to the portal
based on a content management system are being created for teachers and pupils at both
primary/lower secondary and upper secondary school level.
www.emu.dk
Student Plan
In parallel with the vocational education and training reform which came into effect in 2001, a webbased educational planning tool has been developed for use by providers of courses leading to
vocational qualifications. The tool is called "Elevplan" (Student Plan) and is intended as a support
for key concepts of the reform, such as individualisation and flexibility, as well as for the new tools
that were introduced by it (personal education/training plan, education/training book and contactteacher scheme). The basis of the system is that teacher-teams at vocational schools compose
modules of instruction (learning activities) that are offered to students via the Internet. The
students sign on for activities on the basis of their personal plan, the teachers evaluate the
students via the system, and the students can see their own progress towards the qualification
they have chosen to study for on a so-called "score-card". Those parts of Student Plan that
comprise learning activity descriptions will now be open to everyone at the school - and at all the
other schools - and to the general public. Making Student Plan accessible to the general public will
mean greater openness about the courses offered by vocational schools. This will benefit careers
advisers and pupils in primary/lower secondary schools, as the system will enable them to quickly
find out what courses are available where, with precise information about what the teaching
content of any particular course will be and how it will be run. The openness will also benefit the
companies at which students are working as trainees, as they have to participate in the choice of
optional specialisations in the courses.
www.elevplan.dk
e-Learning
A development project has been initiated in the vocational upper secondary school area on new ITbased forms of teaching that can be used in distance learning contexts, possibly in combination
with traditional teaching, where students on vocational training courses take upper secondary
school subjects supplementarily. The developmental work will also be applicable to the
conventional vocational upper secondary school Higher Commercial Certificate and Higher
Technical Certificate courses. The trial of electronic examination tasks for these certificates is also
being continued. The use of e-learning is being augmented at all levels in supplementary and
continued education. An example is the Business School Centre offer of diploma courses in
Economics by distance learning, with communication between teachers and students taking place
via the Internet. The teacher functions more as a consultant, whilst the students gain command of
the subject matter by means of practical exercises, putting questions to the teacher as and when
they need. The offer of whole courses or parts of courses forms part of the Business School
Centre's medium-term contract programme, which plans an ongoing implementation of software
in various subjects and modules as well as set "quotas" for the use of IT in subjects and modules
to replace traditional classroom teaching. IT is also becoming part of more and more work
situations for those with a short-duration post-school training. It figures both as a part of the
continual development in the organisation and content of work, and as a central component of
many training courses. The organisation and educational design of various forms of use of IT for incareer learning will be an important focus of the work of the consortium "Workplace Learning",
operating under the auspices of Learning Lab Denmark. This work is to be carried out as R&D
projects in companies and at educational establishments.
www.lld.dk, www.hd-fjern.dk and www.uvm.dk
School subjects on the Internet
In recent years the Ministry of Education has set up a number of educational services on the
Internet. An example of these is provided by the school subjects websites. The Ministry's subject
specialists use these sites for subject-specific information intended for teachers in primary and
lower secondary schools. The information relates to matters including legislation, tests, teaching
and CPD (Continuous Professional Development). The teachers' unions are responsible for
corresponding websites for the upper secondary schools.
www.gsk-fag.dk and www.gymfag.dk/fag.htm
The School Subjects Infoguide
The School Subjects Infoguide is a service on the educational network "Sektornet" providing
references to educational resources on the Internet. The target group consists primarily of
teachers in primary and secondary schools and in adult education. Specialist editors assess,
describe and approve submitted links, which are organised in a web library with approximately
10,000 references.
www.infoguide.dk
The Danish Research Network
The Danish Research Network was established in 1997, with the purpose of linking the Danish
research institutions together in an up-to-date electronic infrastructure allowing high-speed
communication of text, sound, pictures and video. The Network is working on the further
development of new experimental and test possibilities, with a view to giving its users unlimited
scope to use the Internet for their R&D work and to participate in international research
collaboration where large computing capacity is essential. The functions and activities of the
Network's Computer Emergency Rescue Team were enhanced and enlarged in the course of the
spring of 2001. The Network was updated in the summer of 2000. Together with the majority of
other European research networks, the Danish Research Network is participating in a joint EU
project, 6net, on a new Internet protocol - IP.v6. DKK 120 million has been allocated over the
period 1996-2002.
www.vtu.dk/cgi-bin/theme-list.cgi?theme_id=7473
Website for students
The Ministry of Research and Information Technology (now the Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation) has launched an initiative that offers support from a pool of funds to projects that
develop self-service systems in Denmark's conventional and IT universities. Students will be
offered a website with Internet self-service functions for a range of relevant areas. Over the next
two to three years, a number of projects will be commenced aimed at developing self-service
study management systems for students. DKK 18 million has been allocated over the period 20002003. The first applications round was held in May 2001, and grants were awarded amounting to
DKK 12 million. The remaining DKK 6 million will be awarded in the second applications round,
commencing in April 2002.
www.vtu.dk
The Internet in science subjects
Internet-based observations and distributed experiments in the sciences represent a fan of
projects that make use of the Internet in teaching in new areas, and which make possible
cooperation between pupils regardless of type of school or geographical location. The Internet is
used both to coordinate the projects and for the collection, categorisation and visual presentation
of data. So far, web-based projects have been carried out on solar eclipses and shooting stars. A
teaching programme on sunspots and the Northern Lights is in process of development. A
common feature of the projects is that they involve much collaboration with external partners
having special knowledge in the subject areas concerned. In 2001, a major project on migratory
birds in the Nordic countries was commenced in a cooperation involving the Danish Ministry of
Education, UNI-C (spearhead organisation for IT in education and research), and the television
corporations and ornithological societies of the Nordic countries. The project allows the
movements of migratory birds to be tracked on the basis of observations made by pupils
throughout the Nordic countries.
www.skolelab.dk
IT in higher education
The higher education institutions are committed to increased use of IT in their courses. Measures
to achieve this include steps to raise the IT skills of the teaching staff, to develop net-based forms
of teaching and IT-based forms of testing and examining. The effort is being supported by
National Budget funds in accordance with the medium-term contract. The first reporting on the
use of these funds in April 2002 will show how IT functions as a tool to improve the courses and
give new groups access to higher education. Important indicators are the extent of IT use as a
teaching and examination tool, Internet-enabled computers at Centres for Higher Education, and
the extent of student access to IT facilities.
www.uvm.dk/nyheder/fleraarsaftale.htm
IT in primary and lower secondary school
In June 2000, a parliamentary majority entered into an agreement to apply DKK 340 million to IT
and media in the State primary and lower secondary school system over the period 2000-2003.
The project is intended to help increase educational use of IT and other media in teaching, and to
make IT and media a co-player and driving force in day-to-day school life. Therefore schools and
local authorities are being encouraged to set up networks and develop teaching in collaboration
with researchers, supplementary education establishments, publishing houses, IT and media
experts and other relevant experts. Implementation of the project is in the hands of the "Learn
with IT at School" Committee and a secretariat. One applications round has been conducted
targeted at networking schools and local authorities, and two applications rounds targeted at
teachers' skills. In addition, schools without access to the educational network "Sektornet" have
been offered connection. DKK 340 million has been allocated over the period 2000-2003.
www.itmf.dk
The IT Mirror
"The IT Mirror" is a website where educational establishments compare their own use of IT with
that of similar establishments. It covers numbers of computers, IT in teaching and attitudes to IT.
A questionnaire has been drawn up for heads, teachers and students, to be completed
electronically. An immediate comparison is then available of the answers given by the heads,
teachers and students, and the establishment can be compared with other similar establishments
and with the national average. Only the establishment itself can view its responses. The IT Mirror
can be used, for example, as a point of departure for drawing up or revising an IT strategy.
www.it-spejlet.dk
Quality in primary and lower secondary schools
KIF ("Quality in primary and lower secondary schools") is a service on the educational network
"Sektornet" which enables the teacher, the team, the head and the administration to work in a
structured way on quality assurance in teaching, school development, parent contact and other
areas. Following the Ministry of Education's announcement of the sub-goals for the separate
school subjects ("clear aims"), KIF will support the associated evaluation. It also contains an
evaluation tool with which electronic questionnaires can be distributed and processed.
www.gsk-kif.dk
Learning Lab Denmark
On 1 July 2000, a new R&D establishment, LLD (Learning Lab Denmark), was established to
promote learning and skills in the Danish knowledge society. Using R&D-based experiments
mounted by consortia of different knowledge players, LLD will generate knowledge of how
enterprises (private and public), educational and research establishments and organisations learn
and develop new skills. DKK 60 million has been allocated over the period 2000-2003.
www.lld.dk
The environmental education portal (MUU)
The purpose is to create a single Internet access point for information about teaching materials
and courses relating to nature, energy and the environment. The target group is primary,
secondary and vocational school teachers of subjects which have a green aspect. All material
collected for potential inclusion is assessed by an editorial group before being published on the
Internet. The portal has an associated debate forum for exchange of experience. The MUU portal
was launched on 27 September 2001, and was created in collaboration with the target group, i.e.
primary and lower secondary school teachers. Approximately DKK 125,000 has been used on the
project so far. In addition, approximately DKK 300,000 has been allocated over the next few years
for maintenance and further development.
www.muu.dk
New IT courses for those with short post-school training
The basic IT courses in AMU (the Labour Market Vocational Training Scheme) are intended for
those who, because of the introduction of new technology at their workplace, need to be able to
use a computer in their daily work. This includes employees who have to record and key in data
that is required in the production process. In 2001, a new basic IT structure was designed, taking
as a starting point the work tasks for which employees with short post-school training are
responsible, and having the objective of ensuring that courses would have the highest quality and
greatest possible flexibility in relation to the needs of the target group and their employers. The
structure is being implemented in the course of the first six months of 2002 at 33 locations (adult
vocational training centres, business colleges, technical colleges and colleges for health and social
workers). Concurrently with the implementation, an evaluation of the courses will be performed
with the purpose of defining the need for future adjustments.
www.uvm.dk
Portal to the Internet and access to statistical library catalogue
The Library and Information Service of Statistics Denmark has created an Internet portal in
cooperation with the libraries of the University of Southern Denmark, the Copenhagen Business
School and the Aarhus School of Business. The portal indexes and describes Internet resources in
the subject field of business economics. Approximately 4,500 resources are described in the
portal, approximately 1,000 of them containing statistics. The development of the portal is part of
the Electronic Research Library project, which is administered by the National Library Authority.
The four libraries will ongoingly maintain the portal. The National Library Authority has also
provided support for the purchase of a new automated library system for Statistics Denmark's
library as part of the Electronic Research Library project. The system was implemented in 2001,
and the data has been converted. In the course of spring 2002 further information will be added to
the system, and it will be searchable by any user of the Internet. Data will also be provided from
the library system to www.bibliotek.dk, enabling users and other libraries to order statistics.
www.bizigate.dk and www.bibliotek.dk
Trainee placement meeting point
In order to increase the number of trainee placement agreements, a trainee placement meeting
point is to be established on the Internet to facilitate contact between companies and trainees.
Companies will be able to enter a profile in the meeting point's database and state what type of
trainees they are looking for, whilst trainees will be able to store their profile/CV and wishes in
respect of trainee positions. The meeting point's built-in functionality makes it the first of its kind
where companies and trainees will be able to meet without difficulty regardless of geography and
subject boundaries.
www.uvm.dk
Educational IT Certificate
The Ministry of Education has been engaged since 1998 in the development, in cooperation with
UNI-C (spearhead organisation for IT in education and research) and others, of a range of
Educational IT Certificates in versions adapted to different types of schools. "School IT" is a CPD
course in IT intended for primary and lower secondary school teachers which has been offered
since 1999. Approximately 30,000 teachers either have completed or are currently taking the
course.
GYM-IT
A corresponding course known as GYM-IT for teachers of ordinary and vocational upper secondary
school courses was introduced as a pilot project in September 2000. The system has been
operated under contract since April 2001. A range of modules is still being developed.
Approximately 2,000 teachers have completed or are currently taking the course.
EUD-IT
Supplementary training in IT is also on offer for teachers in vocational schools. The course, known
as EUD-IT, is based on the Educational IT Certificate and gives instruction in the use of IT in
teaching. A pilot version of the certificate, which is derived from the content of GYM-IT, will be
ready in 2002.
SFO-IT
This course is intended for the personnel of out-of-school-hours child-minding facilities. The pilot
phase has been completed, and the final version has been on offer since 2001.
SEM-IT
The SEM-IT Certificate is intended for instructors at teacher training colleges. Originally, these
were offered the "School IT" course, but it was decided to develop a version with special content
for this particular target group. Educational IT Certificates have also been developed for teachers
of the courses leading to the basic social and health qualifications and at the centres for teaching
Danish as a second language. Funds have been allocated for the School IT, SFO-IT, and SEM-IT
courses as part of the IT, Media and Schools project. In addition to the funds set aside for the
development of the courses themselves, application can be made for grants towards the cost of
taking the course and materials required for participation in School IT or similar CPD activities. In
this case, application must be made for funds for information activities / communication of
experience.
www.skole-it.dk, www.sfo-it.dk, www.gymnasie-it.dk and www.itmf.dk
Sektornet
"Sektornet" is a network whereby educational establishments have access to the Internet. It is a
technical infrastructure that is a prerequisite and a catalyst for the integration of IT in the
educational programmes. Since 1993, more than 3,000 institutions have taken up subsidised
connection. The package includes high security, training for each school's Sektornet officer,
technical support and access to a range of services related to the world of education. A connection
subsidy was available to primary and secondary schools, vocational schools and higher education
establishments until October 1999. These establishments also receive a basic network operation
subsidy for the first two years. Non-centralised operating costs, including telecommunications
standing charges and usage charges, are paid by the establishments. As part of the IT, Media and
Schools agreement, those primary and lower secondary schools that are not already connected
have been offered the same opportunity for subsidised connection. DKK 60 million has been
allocated over the period 2000-2003 for Sektornet connection etc.
www.sektornet.dk
SkoleKom
SkoleKom is Denmark's largest electronic dialogue forum with over 300,000 users and 20,000
conferences. It provides access to e-mail and to professional, cross-disciplinary and thematic
conferences at all school levels and is being increasingly used for communication between the
different types of schools, and also by individual establishments as an intranet.
www.skolekom.dk
The Schools' Database Service, SkoDa
A subscription service for all types of schools, which gives access to a wide range of professional
databases.
www.sdbs.dk
EMU
EMU is a web hotel, where all teachers who are registered on SkoleKom can create their own
websites for use in teaching.
www.person.emu.dk
Molekult
"Molekult" is an Internet chemistry game, translated into many languages with on-line games and
questions. It has been developed in collaboration with the Ministries of Education in Norway and
Portugal.
www.molekult.org
The School Bus
"The School Bus" provides access to questionnaire studies on the Internet, and is a new free
service that makes it easy for pupils themselves to undertake their own questionnaire studies via
the Internet.
www.skolebussen.dk
Skolesim
"Skolesim" consists of a range of simulation games for pupils, students and teachers throughout
the education sector. Its contents include a virtual chocolate factory, a stock-market game and
"Ecotopia", a game about energy resources.
www.skolesim.dk
The Schoolbag
"The Schoolbag" is a system of "digital pigeon-holes" on the Internet, where all teachers and
pupils who are registered on SkoleKom can keep files and bookmarks, etc.
www.skoletasken.dk
ThinkQuest
"ThinkQuest" is a national and international competition, in which pupils and students in groups
produce web material for teaching purposes. Target group: 12-20 years.
www.thinkquest.dk
Vidar
"www.vidar.dk" is the official database listing all public education and training courses. It has been
accessible on the Internet since 1997, and was developed by the National Council for Education
and Vocational Guidance in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Labour
(now the Ministry of Employment). The target group consists of both educational and careers
advisers, and adults who are seeking supplementary or continuing education or training. The
National Council for Education and Vocational Guidance is responsible for the maintenance of the
database and prepares information about the various options that are available, and the
educational establishments are responsible for keeping the on-line course calendar constantly upto-date. Close collaboration with the State Education Grant and Loan Scheme Authority ensures
that all information about financial support relating to the reform of adult vocational education and
training and CPD is also accessible in Vidar. In the spring of 2001, the database contained
approximately 4,000 different adult and supplementary education options, and 25,000 currently
available course places. The second version of Vidar has been implemented, with substantial
improvements to functionality, database design and information input facilities. The further
development of the database also means that apart from the new database design, advisers and
persons seeking guidance have many more ways of searching for information and current offers in
the database.
www.vidar.dk
Educational and Careers Guidance Knowledge Centre
The National Council for Education and Vocational Guidance has established this virtual reference
library on the Internet for educational and careers advisers. Its contents include a portal to Danish
and foreign websites relevant to educational and vocational guidance, a continuously updated
bibliography of the literature, an on-line periodical for advisers ("R.U.E.-Revue"), general
information about the educational and vocational guidance system in Denmark, information about
and for the regional educational and vocational guidance committees, and information about
courses for advisers.
www.r-u-e.dk
The 1999 Review (Revision of EU Telecommunications Regulation)
On 14 February 2002, the Council of Ministers adopted a package of four Directives and a decision
which will supersede existing EU telecommunications regulations in many areas. The revision of
the rules was begun in November 1999, and the purpose is to update, harmonise and simplify the
regulation in step with the growth of the market and wider spread of competition. The new set of
rules will come into force in all Member-States around 1 July 2003. The last draft Directive in the
package, on data protection, is expected to be finally adopted in mid-2002.
www.europa.eu.int/ISPO/infosoc/telecompolicy/review99/review99.htm
Denmark's EU Presidency Website
In connection with Denmark's EU Presidency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is establishing a
website aimed at journalists and all others who need current information on the development of
EU cooperation. Amongst other things, the information available will include details of meetings,
the publication of central documents and statements by the Danish Presidency. The website, which
will not be activated until mid-June 2002, will also give the essential background information
about EU cooperation.
www.eu2002.dk
The Denmark Portal
The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in the process of developing an Internet portal aimed at
people abroad who are seeking information about Denmark. The portal will be Denmark's official
face on the Internet from May 2002, ahead of the Danish EU Presidency. It will portray Denmark
in a positive, coherent, serious and attractive manner, and provide all appropriate options for
finding information from Danish ministries, agencies and other relevant sources. The portal will
thus be able to provide relevant information with necessary notes for guidance, from both the
public and private sector, concerning the structure and working of Danish society. The main
content will be in English, and parts of the content will also be in German, French and Spanish. It
will range from news about Denmark to information about all important aspects of Danish society,
and there will also be special sections on investment conditions in Denmark, Danish authorities,
research and education, and the position of children and young people. The target group consists
of business people, advisers, analysts and investors, journalists and officials, researchers and
students, the unemployed, children, young people and tourists. The project is being administered
for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Danish National IT and Telecom Agency, and is receiving
funding of DKK 25 million over the period 2001-2002.
www.itst.dk, www.denmark.dk and www.um.dk
eContent
The purpose of this programme (adopted at a meeting of the Council on 22 December 2000) with
a total budget of more than 100 million euro over four years is to promote the development of
European content on the Internet. This is to be achieved by action on two fronts: the use of public
data and the development of multilingual and multicultural services. The deadline for the first call
for project proposals was 15 June 2001. Proposals for projects worth six times the allocated
support budget were received by the European Commission. There is one Danish partner amongst
the organisations whose project proposals have been selected. The deadline for the second call
was 1 February 2002.
www.cordis.lu/econtent/
eEurope 2002 - an information society for all
The ambitious IT action plan "eEurope 2002" was one of the initiatives inaugurated by the EU in
2000 with the objective of making Europe "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based
economy in the world". The action plan contains a large number of objectives which the MemberStates must all have achieved before the end of 2002. Examples of objectives in eEurope are:
- To achieve considerable reductions of prices for Internet access before the end of 2001.
- To improve security for transactions over the Internet before the end of 2001.
- To ensure that all schools, teachers and students have easy access to the Internet and
multimedia resources before the end of 2001.
- To ensure that the entire workforce has the opportunity of lifelong learning before the end of
2002.
- To ensure that individuals and companies have electronic access to the most important public
services before the end of 2002. The European Commission and the Member-States will conduct
continuous follow-up on the implementation of the action plan by means of comprehensive
benchmarking, with the individual Member-States being compared in terms of a large number of
indicators. The benchmarking results can be found on the European Commission website. The
heads of state and government decided at the European Council meeting in Barcelona on 15-16
March 2002 that the eEurope initiative should be followed up with a new action plan with new
goals, to be achieved before the end of 2005. The new action plan, eEurope 2005, is expected to
be approved at the European Council meeting in Seville in June 2002.
www.europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/benchmarking/index_en.htm
Electronic Øresund Bridge
A joint Danish-Swedish information function including employment market, tax and social
regulations has been created to facilitate the integration of individuals and businesses in the
Øresund Region. The project - which is called "Øresunddirekt" - was launched in June 2000 and is
coordinated by the Danish State Information Service (now incorporated into the Danish National
IT and Telecom Agency). A total of DKK 37.5 million (Danish-Swedish financing) has been
allocated over the period 2000-2003. Since its launch, Øresunddirekt has undergone further
development to improve its form and content in relation to users' wishes.
www.oresunddirekt.dk
EUN/ENIS
EUN (the European SchoolNet) is a cooperation on school networks and IT-related educational
policy involving the Education Ministries of at present 23 European countries. The EUN website
offers both teachers and pupils a range of services concerned with matters including content,
cooperation-seeking, teachers' CPD, and innovation. The European Network of Innovative Schools
(ENIS) at present comprises 400 schools (grades 1-12), of which 34 are Danish. One of the
functions of ENIS is to support the European Commission in the evaluation of IT development in
schools. Denmark is also involved in EUN's Virtual School and the project "eSchola - Learning
Together".
www.eun.org
IDA (Electronic Interchange of Data between Administrations)
IDA is a five-year EU programme to promote the use of electronic data interchange between
national administrations, the European Commission and the European institutions. The programme
has two general aims: to support the development of sector-specific systems, and to support the
development of a common IT infrastructure to ensure efficient, secure data interchange. A transEuropean IP service that allows easy access from the separate institutions' networks to the
common services has been established under the IDA programme in cooperation with an
international service provider. Denmark is represented in the programme's steering committee
and working groups by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
www.europa.eu.int/ISPO/ida/
Information Society Technologies (IST)
The Information Society Technologies (IST) programme supports European research and
technological development projects and has a total budget of DKK 27 billion. The annual IST
Conference will be held on 4-6 November 2002 in Copenhagen, during the Danish EU Presidency.
The target group will be researchers, companies and politicians. At the Conference important EUsupported RTD (Research and Technology Development) projects in the IT field will be presented
and key questions and European visions will be discussed. The new IST programme, which will run
until 2006, is also expected to be launched.
www.cordis.lu/ist/
Internet Action Plan (IAP)
IAP is a four-year EU programme (1998-2002) with a total budget of 25 million euro to support
the development of information, hotlines and filtering tools that can be used to limit the output of
and access to offensive and illegal content on the Internet. Two project proposals involving Danish
partners have been awarded support.
www.europa.eu.int/information_society/programmes/iap/index_en.htm
Northern eDimension Action Plan (NeDAP)
Inspired by the EU IT action plan "eEurope 2002", a similar plan, called the "Northern eDimension
Action Plan", has been established for the Baltic region. The participant countries are Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden. In
addition, the EU and the Council of the Baltic States are active co-players. The idea is to make the
Baltic region "a leading growth area where economic development goes hand-in-hand with respect
for the environment". In order to achieve this objective, a number of areas for cooperation have
been identified. One of these is statistics on IT, with Denmark presiding.
www.baltic.org/nedap/
ODIN/IDUN II
ODIN is the Nordic Council of Ministers' school data network, where all the participant countries
coordinate and develop services that promote the Nordic cultural understanding in their national
schools. IDUN II elucidates the use of information technology as a learning tool, with special
attention to innovative school environments, IT in teacher training and adult education.
www.odin.dk
TEN-Telecom (Trans-European Networks for Telecommunications)
The TEN-Telecom initiative on trans-European networks is based on Articles 129b, 129c and 129d
of the Maastricht Treaty, according to which the telecommunications industry, like the transport
and energy sectors, should benefit from European action to promote the interoperability of
networks and to ensure free access to the networks. The initiatives under TEN-Telecom take
further the EU's RTD programme IST (Information Society Technologies), and also support
initiatives connected with the eEurope action plan. Support under the IST programme is given
mainly to research projects (www.cordis.lu/ist), whilst TEN-Telecom finances projects where the
research has been completed, up to the first phases of the research product's market
establishment.
www.ten-telecom.org
> Appendix A - Methodology
This publication is based on a range of different statistical sources. Common to all of them is that
they each, in one way or another, focus on IT. Important contributors to this year's IT and
telecommunications policy statement and action plan have been the National IT and Telecom
Agency and Statistics Denmark.
www.itst.dk and www.dst.dk
The National IT and Telecom Agency prepared the following ancillary reports: Trends within highspeed and broadband connections in Denmark, June 2001; The Telecommunications Sector in
Denmark - Factual Report 2001; and The Danes' access to the Network Society - review of new
fast access services for the Network Society, 2002.
In 2000, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation concluded a partnership agreement
with Statistics Denmark, with the aims partly of securing statistics for a broad range of areas
within IT, partly of developing new tools for measuring trends in the area.
The following reports relevant to the review are available on the Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation's website at www.vtu.dk. Most (in Danish) are located under the temaer/ITstatistik link.
- The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy: Erhvervslivets forskning og
udviklingsarbejde - Forskningsstatistik 1999 (Research and development in business and industry Research statistics 1999), January 2001.
- The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy: Forskning og udviklingsarbejde
i den offentlige sektor - Forskningsstatistik 1999 (Research and development in the public sector Research statistics 1999), January 2001.
- Statistics Denmark: INFORMATIONSSAMFUNDET DANMARK 2001 (Information society Denmark
2001), 2002.
- eEurope: Web-based Survey of Electronic Public Services, November 2001.
- eEurope: European youth in the digital age, 2002.
- Ministry of Finance: IT, internettet og den offentlige sektor (IT, the Internet and the public
sector), June 2000.
- Ministry of Information Technology and Research (now Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation), Vilstrup and Netcoders: Trends i kvalitativ brug af internettet (Trends in the
qualitative use of the Internet), October 2001.
- The Danish Government IT Security Council: Datasikkerheden i Danmark år 2000 (Data security
in Denmark, year 2000), 2002.
- The Danish Government IT Security Council: Datasikkerheden i Danmark, 1. halvår 2001 (Data
security in Denmark, 1st half-year 2001), 2002.
- The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Information Technology and Research and others: ITarbejdskraft og -uddannelser - udbud og efterspørgsel (IT Personnel and Qualifications - Supply
and Demand), 2001.
The following section contains a short description of the important sources used in this publication.
Statistics Denmark:
"INFORMATIONSSAMFUNDET DANMARK 2001" (Information society Denmark 2001),
2002.
Part of this survey focuses on the local authorities' use of IT, and deals, more specifically, with
their IT expenditure, with the obstacles encountered in introducing IT into their administration and
electronic services to citizens, and which functions and services are available on local authority
websites.
The responses were collated in September 2001 in a questionnaire-based survey of all of the
country's 275 local authorities. The data are based on 224 local authorities, corresponding to an
81 per cent response rate.
This part of the survey is used in the section "The Public Sector in the Network Society".
A second part of the survey describes Danish businesses' use of IT in 2000 and touches on the
prevalence of IT and its application as concerns amongst other things website content and
electronic trade.
The businesses' responses were collated in November 2000 through a questionnaire-based survey.
The data derive from 3,357 businesses, corresponding to a 67 per cent response rate. The
responses represent in all 36 per cent of total employment in private-sector Danish urban
industry.
The random sampling saw the greater part of sectors in private-sector urban industry represented
in the population. At the same time, it should be added that the businesses in question have at
least five full-time employees.
The survey's results are weighted, i.e. each business participating in the survey is assigned a
weight, which corresponds to the relationship between the responses and the population in a given
group. This gives 100 per cent coverage of the surveyed sectors and group sizes. In this way,
account is taken of the difference in the number of responses from individual groups.
This part of the publication is used in the section "Business and Industry in the Network Society".
A third section of INFORMATIONSSAMFUNDET DANMARK 2001 (Information society Denmark
2001) focuses on families' access to PCs and the Internet with respect to sex, age, education and
income. It surveys how frequently the different groups in the population use the Internet and PCs,
what motivations and obstacles there are in the population, as well as attitudes to and
experiences of e-commerce.
Data dealing with the population's access to and use of PCs and the Internet are based on
interviews with 1,000 people per month throughout 2001. The population comprised people of
ages 16 to 74.
Statistics about the Danes' use of IT are presented in the sub-section "Danes in the Network
Society".
Additionally, Statistics Denmark looked more closely at immigrants' and their descendants' use of
the Internet and PCs in relation to their country of origin, sex, and education in both their country
of origin and in Denmark.
The population group surveyed consisted of immigrants and their descendants originally from
Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Somalia, the former Yugoslavia and other third countries. Other third
countries comprise those outside the Nordic countries, the EU and North America and the five
above-mentioned ones.
This part of the survey was also used in the sub-section "Danes in the Network Society".
PLS RAMBØLL Management: Top of the Web project, 2001.
"Top of the Web" is part of the "Denmark on the Web" action plan, launched in the Autumn of
2000. Through the "Top of the Web" project, all public websites are screened once a year during
the period 2001 to 2003.
Aspects surveyed include how accessible public-service websites are to the disabled, and the
extent to which citizens can submit forms on public institutions' websites, as well as the
prevalence of digital signatures.
For the screening of the individual websites a basis of assessment is used, to provide a valuation
of "user-friendliness", "usefulness" and "openness".
Another feature is that of the "user poll". A "user poll" is an invitation to users of public-service
websites to make use of a facility on the website to give their assessment of it. In this way, all
public websites can obtain feedback from their users and compare it with feedback from other
similar institutions' websites.
"Top of the Web" was used in the section "The Public Sector in the Network Society".
PLS RAMBØLL Management: The Digital Citizen survey, 2001.
In "The Digital Citizen", PLS RAMBØLL Management surveyed the Danes' use of public electronic
services. The purpose of the survey was, amongst other things, to produce a snapshot of Danes'
attitudes towards and expectations of public electronic services, as well as the conditions for
making use of the opportunities afforded by e-government.
The data collection was carried out by telephone interviews with a population consisting of 1,000
Danes aged over 18 years.
"The Digital Citizen" is used in the section "Danes in the Network Society".
PLS RAMBØLL Management: IT in practice survey 2001, 2001.
"IT in practice 2001" is the sixth volume of the on-going survey of the largest Danish private and
public enterprises' use and application of information technology.
A survey is carried out of enterprises' strategies for and obstacles to the implementation of IT, and
investment in IT, and the results that they experience from the introduction of IT. Additionally, a
closer look is taken at the proportion of enterprises which use e-commerce and of attitudes to
digital signatures and teleworking.
The survey is carried out among the 549 largest private and public enterprises in Denmark. The
enterprises are drawn from Købmandstandens Oplysningsbureau's (enterprise information bureau)
database. The private enterprises are selected by turnover and divided into three sectors:
"Manufacturing", "Trade and services" and "The financial sector". The public enterprises consist of
the largest national institutions (government ministries and their agencies, etc.), county councils
and the 100 largest local authorities. All county councils are included in the survey, but national
institutions are selected by number of employees, and local authorities by the number of their
inhabitants.
This survey is used in the section "The Public Sector in the Network Society".
Mondo: Det offentlige Danmark på nettet - barrierer og muligheder (Public service
Denmark on the Web - obstacles and opportunities), 2001.
Mondo carried out a survey of the availability of online communication with public institutions.
They looked closely at the content and accessibility of materials, but also at the extent of facilities
for requesting and submitting forms, and how user-friendly public service websites were.
The survey covered Denmark's 14 county councils, 20 ministries and 56 ministerial agencies,
directorates and councils. One agency was deselected as it did not have a website.
This report is used in "The Public Sector in the Network Society".
Danish Ministry of Education, Danish Ministry of Information Technology and Research
(now Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation) et al.: IT-arbejdskraft og uddannelser - udbud og efterspørgsel (IT Personnel and Qualifications - Supply and
Demand), 2001.
This report was prepared as a consequence of the Government's network report Et net af
muligheder (A web of opportunities) (2000), which heralded a thorough analysis of the need for IT
personnel and IT skills.
The basis for this report consisted of the most comprehensive survey ever carried out of the
Danish public and private sectors' demand for IT labour and IT skills.
The report also contains a thorough treatment of the supply side of IT labour, i.e. graduates
exiting the education system, as well as a link between the supply and demand sides.
This publication is used in the sub-section "Skills in the network society".
Vilstrup Interactive and Netcoders: Trends in the qualitative use of the Internet, 2001.
This survey focuses on the Danes' Internet behaviour, and thus examines their reasons for using
the Internet, as well as what the Internet is used for by different groups in the population.
The background of the report consists partly of an Internet survey, which is an electronic
questionnaire, and partly observation of approximately 2,300 Internet users' traffic on the
Internet in the course of a randomly selected week.
The survey is used in the description of "Danes in the Network Society".
eEurope: Web-based Survey of Electronic Public Services, 2001.
This Internet-based survey is a part of the eEurope programme, which deals at a European level
with citizens' opportunities in the information society.
This survey is carried out to enable the 15 EU Member States together with Norway and Iceland to
compare each others' actions and initiatives in the area of digital administration.
The survey sheds light on a total of 20 public services, 12 aimed at citizens and 8 aimed at
businesses, divided into 4 categories: "Income-generating services", "Registration services",
"Returns" and "Permits and licences".
The survey is used in the section about the public sector, to situate Denmark in a European
perspective.
The Danish Government IT Security Council: Data security in Denmark year 2000, 2001.
In this publication, as one stage of a three-year survey, the Danish IT Security Council seeks to
provide an assessment of data security in Denmark.
A total of 1,600 private and public enterprises were chosen for the survey, of which a third opted
to respond to questionnaires and/or record incidences of losses they had suffered.
The report is used to shed light on security in Danish businesses in the section "Business and
Industry in the Network Society".
The Danish Government IT Security Council: Data security in Denmark, 1st half-year
2001, 2002.
This half-year report follows on from the IT Security Council's survey of 2000 and thus also
describes data security in Denmark.
The results for the 1st half-year of 2001 are based on responses from 391 participating businesses
and institutions and will, later in the year, be incorporated in the report for the whole of 2001.
The report is used to shed light on security in Danish businesses in the section "Business and
industry in the network society".
Taylor Nelson Sofres: Government Online - an international perspective, 2001.
This consultancy service report is prepared from surveys in 27 countries of the Internet's
significance for national government and public institutions.
It is the comparisons the report makes of citizens' use of public services over the Internet in the
individual countries which are used here.
The figures are to be found in the section "The Public Sector in the Network Society".
> Appendix B - Abbreviations and glossary
ADSL
"Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line". ADSL is one of the xDSL technologies, which allows
simultaneous voice and data transmission over the same connection. ADSL is suited to Internet
connections, in that the data transmission speed from the network to the user is much faster than
from the user to the network. ADSL transfers data at speeds as high as 2Mbit/s, which, for
example, makes it possible to download high quality live images from the Internet.
An ADSL link permits a user to be constantly connected to the Internet, since the service is
charged on the basis of the quantity of data transferred and not on the duration of the connection.
ADSL can only be offered to customers who live relatively close to a telephone exchange.
Applications
Another word for programs and software.
Broadband
Transfer speeds greater than 2Mbit/s.
Cable TV modem
A cable modem makes it possible to send and receive data over a cable TV network, alongside
radio and TV programmes. Cable modem services are offered at many different speeds (currently
a maximum of 2 Mbit/s). Existing cable TV networks need to be converted in order to use bidirectional cable modems. A cable modem link permits a user to be constantly connected to the
Internet, since the service is charged on the basis of the quantity of data transferred and not on
the duration of the connection.
Digital signatures
A personal identification in the form of a numeric code, which can be used in private
communications over the Internet. The digital signature has many uses: it can give an electronic
document a format which guarantees its authenticity by using a digital certificate, and in this way
the digital signature also serves as an electronic version of a written signature.
Downstream
Downloading of data from the Internet.
Firewall
A system which prevents hackers from breaking into a private network. The system monitors all
messages.
Fixed loop
A telecommunications service which provides a high-quality connection between two users, to
permit, for example, an analog phone link or a 2 Mbit/s digital connection.
FWA
"Fixed Wireless Access". FWA is a radio-based system which can replace the telephone network's
traditional subscriber connections. FWA is quick to set up, since it does not require cables to be
laid.
GSM
"Global System for Mobile Communication". A standardised digital mobile radio communications
system, particularly widespread in Europe, Africa and Asia and in parts of the USA.
Hardware
The components in a computer system that can be seen and moved.
High-speed
Transfer speeds between 64 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s.
IP telephony
Connection via the Internet which - unlike ordinary telephony - can link peripherals over a single
data line, transmit data and voice as well as video, and thereby support systems integration and
collaboration within an organisation, a business or between private individuals - all at local rates.
IP telephony employs the Internet Protocol language to transmit data, unlike an ordinary phone
call.
ISDN
"Integrated Services Digital Network". ISDN is a public global network which can transmit voice,
data and graphics at speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s. This digital technology can transport more signals
on the same phone line than can the traditional analog technology, and it enables a range of new
services.
ISDN-2
ISDN-2 provides the individual customer with access to two 64 kbit/s connections, which can be
used for voice or data independently of each other. ISDN30, used especially in business, provides
access to thirty 64 kbit/s connections.
kbit/s
1 kbit/s indicates a transfer speed of a thousand bits in one second.
Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s indicates a transfer speed of a million bits in one second.
SMS
SMS stands for Short Message Service; these messages can be sent between mobile phones and
to and from e-mail addresses.
xDSL
xDSL is a generic designation for a range of recent modem technologies (ADSL, HDSL, SDSL,
VDSL), also called Digital Subscriber Lines. xDSL transmissions offer high-speed data transmission
over telephone network subscriber lines and are used to transmit voice, audio, graphics and video
etc. over Internet connections.
> References
The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy: Erhvervslivets forskning og
udviklingsarbejde - Forskningsstatistik 1999 (Research and development in business and industry Research statistics 1999), January 2001.
The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy: Forskning og udviklingsarbejde i
den offentlige sektor - Forskningsstatistik 1999 (Research and development in the public sector Research statistics 1999), January 2001.
Statistics Denmark: INFORMATIONSSAMFUNDET DANMARK 2001 (Information society Denmark
2001), 2002.
eEurope: Web-based Survey on Electronic Public Services, November 2001.
eEurope benchmarking,
http://europa.eu.int/information_society/europe/benchmarking /index_en.htm
European Information Technology Observatory: Statistical Outlook, 2001.
Danish Ministry of Finance: IT, internettet og den offentlige sektor (IT, the Internet and the public
sector), June 2000.
Institute for Scientific Information: National Science Indicators, 2001.
Ministry of Information Technology and Research, Vilstrup and Netcoders Trends in the qualitative
use of the Internet, October 2001.
The Danish Government IT Security Council: Data security in Denmark year 2000, 2001.
The Danish Government IT Security Council: Data security in Denmark, 1st half-year 2001, 2002.
The Danish National IT and Telecom Agency: The Telecommunications Sector in Denmark Factual Report 2001, 2002.
The Danish National IT and Telecom Agency: The Danes' Access to the Network Society - review
of new fast access services for the Network Society, 2002.
Mondo: Det offentlige Danmark på nettet - barrierer og muligheder (Public service Denmark on
the Web - obstacles and opportunities), August 2001.
OECD: Basic Indicators, July 2001.
OECD/Teligen: T-basket, August 2001.
PLS RAMBØLL Management: Top of the Web, 2001.
PLS RAMBØLL Management: The Digital Citizen, 2001.
PLS RAMBØLL Management: IT in practice 2001, 2001.
Taylor Nelson Sofres: Government Online - an international perspective, November 2001.
The Danish Ministry of Education, the Danish Ministry of Research and Information Technology, et
al.: IT Personnel and Qualifications - Supply and Demand, 2001.
National Telecom Agency: Trends within high-speed and broadband connections in Denmark, June
2001.
National Telecom Agency: Tele Yearbook 2000, 2001.
National Telecom Agency: Half-year statistics, various years.
National Telecom Agency: Price guide, various editions.
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Denmark´s IT Status 2002

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