September 2012

Transcription

September 2012

bulletin
AmerICAN CerAmIC SOCIetY
emerging ceramics & glass technology
September 2012
Nanoceramic sensors:
A new approach to disease diagnosis
by breath analysis
INSIde: Special report
Shattering glass cookware
ACerS new Distinguished Life Members, Fellows and annual award winners •
MS&T’12 and ACerS Annual Meeting premeeting planner •
Overview & schedule of Innovations in Biomedical Materials 2012 meeting •
Preview of ICACC’13 and Electronic Materials and Applications 2013 meetings •
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contents
September 2012 • Vol. 91 No. 7
feature articles
The ACerS Awards Class of 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Distinguished Life Member Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2012 Class of Fellows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Society awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACerS award lectures and symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
18
20
21
23
Nanoceramic sensors for medical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Perena Gouma
Metastable polymorphs of metal oxide nanowires detect disease-marker gases in exhaled breath .
Shattering glass cookware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
R.C. Bradt and R.L. Martens
Recent reports of shattering glass cookware are looked at in terms of glass composition and the
development of thermal stresses during use .
meetings
Highlights and photos from 4th International Congress on Ceramics and
Ceramic Leadership Summit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
cover story
Nanoceramics and diseasedetecting breathalyzers
Cover photo: Krithika Kalyanasundaram, a former
student at Stony Brook University and Professor
Gouma’s coauthor of “Nanosensor Device for
Breath Acetone Detection,” published by American
Scientific Publishers in the October 2010 issue of
Sensor Letters, demonstrates the device.
– page 26
MS&T 2012 premeeting planner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ACerS lectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plenary session, special events, hotel information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program-at-a-glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACerS committee meetings, short courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibitors, Young Professional programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
40
41
43
44
45
Innovations in Biomedical Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Plenary speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Schedule, tutorial session, hotel information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Electronic Materials and Applications 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Introduction, symposia, hotel information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ACerS 2012 award winners
– page 16
37th Int’l. Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites . 50
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Hotel information, tentative schedule, exhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
departments
News & Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
• UMinn–NSF math institute to host Materials Genome workshop
• Business news
• NSF seeking proposals, making investment in sustainable chemistry, engineering and materials
• White House releases report on advanced manufacturing initiatives
– page 33
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 91, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org
1
AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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contents
September 2012 • Vol. 91 No. 7
departments
ACerS Spotlight
.................................................... 7
• Welcome to our newest Corporate Members
• Entries invited for 2012 BSD Ceramographic Competition
• ACerS Board, Division leaders participate in strategic planning discussions
• Student spotlight
• Ceramic Tech Today
• Calling all potential Emeritus members
• Society’s next generation participates in Future Leaders Program at ICC4–CLS
People in the Spotlight
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
• Mauro receives first SGT–Pilkington award
• ASM appoints Sundaram to IMR committee
• Varshneya named ICG glass ambassador
• Cormack to review Italian university research
Ceramics in Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
• High critical current density doped pnictide superconductors
• Durable, flexible thin ceramic foils opening new applications
Ceramics in Biomedicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
• Microwaving of hydroxyapatite, ZrO2 combo yields promising strong bone graft scaffold
columns
Deciphering the discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Ryan Wilkerson and Liz Reidmeyer
Mugs and Missouri S&T at MS&T
resources
Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Classified Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Display Advertising Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Officers
George Wicks, President
Richard Brow, President-elect
Marina Pascucci, Past President
Ted Day, Treasurer
Charles Spahr, Executive Director
Board of Directors
William G. Fahrenholtz, Director 2009-2012
David J. Green, Director 2010-2013
Vijay Jain, Director 2011-2014
Linda E. Jones, Director 2009-2012
William Lee, Director 2010-2013
James C. Marra, Director 2009-2012
Ivar Reimanis, Director 2011-2014
Lora Cooper Rothen, Director 2011-2014
Robert W. Schwartz, Director 2010-2013
David W. Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian
Address
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American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics
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ACSBA7, Vol. 91, No. 7, pp 1–56. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents.
2
www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 91, No. 7
news & trends
UMinn–NSF math institute to
host Materials Genome
workshop
The
Institute for
Mathematics
and its
Applications,
located at the
University of
Minnesota
and one of the eight NSF-sponsored
Mathematical Sciences Institutes, will
be holding a special multiday workshop
on the Materials Genome Initiative
Sept. 12–15, 2012.
According to an IMA web page on
the event, the goal of the workshop is
“to mobilize the mathematical sciences
community to respond to the opportunities created under the Materials
Genome Initiative. The planned workshop will gather researchers in mathematical sciences and those in materials
sciences from academic institutions,
industry and national laboratories as
well as representatives from US government agencies and professional societies.
The goal is to foster the involvement
of both communities in the MGI. The
desired outcome is interdisciplinary research activities that address
the emerging challenges in materials
research and the development of new
mathematical tools to meet these challenges.
IMA says the workshop program will
include scientific presentations, panel
discussions and informal discussions.
In addition, the institute mentions
that the meeting is designed to identify
research opportunities and to provide
networking opportunities for researchers. An educational component of the
workshop has been inserted to “foster
dialog and explore modes of collaboration with community colleges in developing curricula to prepare future work-
force to meet the employment opportunities brought about by the MGI.”
According to Fadil Santosa, director
of the IMA, the workshop is open to
any professional (i.e., minimum PhD
level) working in a related field in science or math. He also says that some
NSF financial aid may be available to
facilitate attendance.
For those that can’t attend, all is
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Harrop pusher plate
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news & trends
not lost: Santosa says summary documents will be prepared. He also expects
that videos or other recordings of the
sessions will be available. (The IMA
already has built an extensive library
of other lectures and presentations,
including several on modeling, data
extraction and industrial applications.)
See: www.ima.umn.edu/2012-2013/
SW9.12-15.12 n
NSF seeking proposals and
making investment in
sustainable chemistry,
engineering and materials
by Ashley White, AAAS Science &
Technology Policy Fellow
The National Science Foundation
has announced a cross-directorate
initiative in Sustainable Chemistry,
Engineering and Materials. Created in
response to the America COMPETES
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (which
called for NSF to establish a Green
Chemistry Basic Research program),
SusChEM will focus on opportunities
for advances in research and education
related to sustainable synthesis, use and
reuse of chemicals and materials.
The research funded under
SusChEM will aim to enable basic science and engineering discoveries to
reduce dependence on nonrenewable
resources and toxic materials, enable
economical recycling of chemicals and
materials and improve the efficiency
and environmental impact of industrial
processes.
The NSF Division of Materials
Research will participate in SusChEM
through the Sustainable Materials
effort, which encourages researchers to
design materials and devices with their
entire life cycle and environmental
footprint in mind. Specific research
topic suggestions include materials and
Business news
Morgan Technical Ceramics’ bioceramic hip joints improve quality of life for
patients (www.morgantechnicalceramics.
com)… “Solar Meets Glass” conference
at Glasstec/Solarpeq Oct. 22-23 (www.
glasstec-online.com)… Texas Technical
Ceramics Inc. awarded three-year contract
with Backer EHP (www.texastechnicalceramics.com)… Pfeiffer Vacuum introduces
new gas analysis systems for pressure
ranges up to 50 millibars (www.pfeiffervacuum.com)… FEI announces new Verios
extreme high-resolution SEM (www.fei.
com)… Special offer: Discounted flights for
Tecnargilla 2012 (www.tecnargilla.it)…
Munson offers new high-torque screen
classifying cutter (www.munsonmachinery.
com)… Pair of Union Process tandem
grinding attritors used to mill nanoparticles
(www.unionprocess.com)… HIG acquires
the specialty aluminas activity of Rio Tinto
to create Alteo (www.alteo-alumina.com)…
Prematech Advanced Ceramics adds
technical and marketing strength with hiring
of Bruce Gretz (www.prematechac.com)…
Superior Technical Ceramics launches
4
new website (www.ceramics.net)… Fooken
taking over as H.C. Starck’s new head of
R&D (www.hcstarck.com)… MTC introduces
expert custom brazing services (www.
morgantechnicalceramics.com)… Mettler
Toledo offers in-process-control white
paper (www.mt.com)… Rockwood opens
new lithium hydroxide facilities in North
Carolina (www.rockwoodlithium.com)…
Kyocera introduces environmentally friendly
epoxy molding compound for semiconductor encapsulation (www.businesswire.com/
news/home/20120717005672/en/KYOCERAIntroduces-Environmentally-Friendly-XKEG5633-Epoxy-Molding)… New AVS sinter
HIP available for immediate shipment
(www.avsinc.com)… Marty Curran named
Corning innovation officer (www.corning.
com)… Harper chosen by Allomet Corp.
for advanced rotary furnace for unique metal
powder processing (www.harperintl.com)…
Laeis: Positive response on TEAM Day
2012 (www.laeis-gmbh.com)… Powder
Processing & Technology makes
investments to support growth (www.
pptechnology.com) n
material systems
for enhanced
preservation
and extension of
natural resources;
sustainability
through material replacement; improved lifetime, performance
and operational range of materials in
extreme or harsh conditions; and materials designed for zero waste. In addition
to the new science required to advance
this initiative, success in improving
materials sustainability will require a
paradigm shift that encourages researchers to go beyond materials optimization
by broadening their exposure to other
disciplines and approaching sustainability from a total systems perspective.
Five NSF divisions intend to participate in SusChEM in FY 2013: The
Divisions of Chemistry, and Materials
Research in the Mathematical and
Physical Sciences Directorate; the
Divisions of Chemical, Bioengineering,
Environmental and Transport
Systems, and Civil, Mechanical and
Manufacturing Innovation in the
Engineering Directorate; and the
Division of Earth Sciences in the
Geosciences Directorate.
The president’s 2013 budget request
to Congress included $27.2 million
for SusChEM across NSF, of which
$7.4 million is for DMR’s Sustainable
Materials effort.
A “Dear Colleague” letter announcing the SusChEM program can be
found on the NSF website.
Additionally, NSF has sponsored
some recent events on SusChEM-related
topics. A forum, “The Many Facets of
Sustainable Development,” was held
at the 2012 MRS Spring Meeting. It
highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary, holistic approaches to the
science and engineering of sustainable
development. More information on that
event, including video recordings of
keynote talks and panel discussions, is
available on the MRS website. A followup workshop is planned for the 2012
MRS Fall Meeting in conjunction with
Symposium G: Materials as Tools for
Sustainability.
Also, an NSF-sponsored workshop
was held in January in Arlington, Va.,
to assist in designing the SusChEM
initiative by identifying key research
approaches and advances necessary to
accomplish its goals. A workshop report
is expected to be published sometime
this year and made available through
the NSF website.
The SusChEM activity is one of five
slated for Fiscal Year 2013 under the
NSF-wide Science, Engineering and
Education for Sustainability investment, and it is expected to continue
in future years. Activities under the
SEES umbrella are designed to advance
science, engineering and education to
inform societal actions aimed at environmental and economic sustainability.
See: www.nsf.gov/pubs/2012/
nsf12097/nsf12097.jsp n
White House releases report on
advanced manufacturing
initiatives
The New York Times and other
major newspapers are reporting that
the United States economy grew in
the second quarter of 2012, but at a
paltry annualized rate of 1.5 percent,
and the first quarter growth only was 2
percent. The concern, of course, is that
the economic recovery from the recession is losing some of its momentum.
However, the NYT article also cites
updated statistics from the Commerce
Department indicating that the recession was not as deep as previously
thought.
But, being in the shallow end of a
recession can be as unpleasant as the
deep end. Hopefully, it just means less
energy is needed to pull out. New initiatives recommended by a report out of
the White House to support advanced
manufacturing may provide some of the
needed boost.
The report, “Capturing Domestic
Competitive Advantage in Advanced
Manufacturing,” is the product of the
Advanced Manufacturing Partnership
Steering Committee of the President’s
Council of Advisors on Science and
Technology. The AMP was announced
last summer by President Obama when
he visited Carnegie Mellon University.
It is a “national effort bringing together
industry, universities and the federal
government to invest in the emerging
technologies that will create high-quality manufacturing jobs and enhance our
global competitiveness,” says a press
release from the CMU event.
According to a fact sheet released by
the White House, the US manufacturing sector has grown by 500,000 jobs
since 2010, bringing the number of jobs
connected to manufacturing to about
12 million. The manufacturing sector is
5
responsible for much more than bluecollar jobs, though. The document also
says that 70 percent of all private sector
R&D is in the manufacturing sector
and that about 60 percent of the R&D
workforce is employed by the private
manufacturing sector.
The fact sheet says, “… our nation’s
ability to make things is inextricably
linked to our ability to innovate,”
and few would argue. At the recent
ICC4–CLS meeting in Chicago, plenary speaker Delbert Day, professor
at Missouri S&T and entrepreneur,
showed several maps that correlated
investment to discovery in his home
state of Missouri. The “hot spots” of
cities where patents were issued in
Missouri from 1975 through 1999 were
cities that have research universities,
and similarly, the number of SBIRs
awarded was much higher in those
same cities. The link is pretty clear:
Investment begets innovation, which
begets spin-off companies and jobs.
Day’s spin-off company, Mo-Sci, is a
good example. In his talk, Day chronicled the role of sponsored research and
SBIR funding that led to a company
that today manufactures bioglass and
employs about 40.
Innovation is not necessarily a
“blank-slate-to-product” process either,
as work by University of Buffalo professor, Sarbajit Banerjee testifies. As
reported in the Bulletin last month, the
goal of his work is to adapt existing
coating manufacturing processes to the
application of novel graphene corrosion-prevention coatings. His research
was supported by industrial powerhouse,
Tata Steel, and a university research
consortium.
The AMP Steering Committee—led
by Andrew Liveris, president/chair/
CEO of Dow Chemical, and Susan
Hockfield, recent past president of
MIT—recognized that there are many
pathways to innovation. The executive summary of the report opens with,
“Advanced manufacturing is not lim-
6
(Credit: Advanced Manufacturing Partnership Steering Committee; PCAST, OSTP.)
news & trends
A new report issued from the White House proposes 16 actions to improve manufacturing and innovation.
ited to emerging technologies. Rather,
it is composed of efficient, productive,
highly integrated, tightly controlled
processes across a spectrum of globally
competitive US manufacturers and suppliers.” It goes on to say that the growth
and health of advanced manufacturing
will “require the active participation of
communities, educators, workers and
business,” as well as all levels of government.
The 18-member committee is
comprised of the top brass from manufacturing businesses and research universities, skewing a bit toward industry
with 16 members from companies
like Honeywell, Intel and Procter &
Gamble. The committee spent about a
year holding regional meetings across
the US and consulted more than 1,200
stakeholders from industry and all levels
of education and government, according to a press release.
The report makes 16 recommendations organized into three categories
that it hopes will provide the framework for a national advanced manufacturing strategy. The AMP Steering
Committee also endorsed Obama’s $1
billion proposal to establish a National
Network for Manufacturing Innovation
back in March. The NNMI’s purpose
is to “catalyze up to 15 manufacturing
institutes nationwide.” n
Advanced Manufacturing
Partnership recommendations
Enabling Innovation
• Establish a national advanced manufacturing
strategy
• R&D funding in top cross-cutting technologies
• Establish a national network of manufacturing
innovation institutes
• Empower enhanced industry/university collaboration in advanced manufacturing research
• Foster a more robust environment for commercialization of advanced manufacturing
• Establish a national advanced manufacturing
portal
Secure the Talent Pipeline
• Correct public misconceptions about manufacturing
• Tap the talent pool of returning veterans
• Invest in community college level education
• Develop partnerships to provide skills certifications and accreditations
• Enhance advanced manufacturing university
programs
• Launch national manufacturing fellowships and
internships
Improving the Business Climate
• Enact tax reform
• Streamline regulatory policy
• Improve trade policy
• Update energy policy
For more information, see
www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp
acers spotlight
Dynamic Dispersions LLC
Louisville, Kentucky
www.dynamicdispersions.com
ENrG Inc.
Buffalo, New York
www.enrg-inc.com
Suntech Precision Ceramics Ltd.
Hong Kong
www.suntechceramics.com
Entries Invited for 2012 BSD
Ceramographic Competition
The Basic Science Division is
sponsoring the annual Ceramographic
Competition at MS&T’12 in
Pittsburgh, Pa. Enter a poster in any of
the six categories. The best entry wins
the Roland B. Snow Best of Show prize.
The rules for submitting entries are
available online at www.ceramics.org/
awards under the division award listings. Actual posters (not digital files)
must be received by Karren More no
later than Sept. 28, 2012. Contact
More with any questions at 865-5747788 or [email protected]. n
(Credit: ACerS.)
ACerS recognizes organizations
that have joined the Society as
Corporate Members. For more information on becoming a Corporate
Member, contact Tricia Freshour at
[email protected], or visit us at
www.ceramics.org/corporate.
Just prior to the recent ICC4 meeting
in Chicago (see page 12), members of the
Society’s Board of Directors, along with
many Division and volunteer leaders, met
to brainstorm and debate possible new
short- and long-range strategic initiatives.
As one participant put it, the concept
behind this meeting—one of a series that
have taken place in recent years—is to
“keep our eyes on the horizon and adjust
ACerS’ course to maximize value and
relevancy to its members.”
One of the major themes emerging
from this and previous meetings is the
need to focus on the Society’s Divisions,
including the desire for more Division
involvement across a range of ACerS
activities. Development of interdivisional cooperative efforts and support for
growing the membership of individual
Divisions also was mentioned.
Another major theme had to do with
the Society’s global network. The planning group pointed to the worldwide
growth of ceramic, glass and other materials sciences, and there was a great deal of
agreement on the benefits of expanding
ACerS’ cooperative efforts with international ceramics and glass organizations,
research institutions and businesses.
The meeting also delved into concerns related to students and young
professionals. As with international relations, participants felt expanding investments in time and resources in these
ACerS president George Wicks and Glass
& Optical Materials Division representative Steve Martin share ideas during the
strategic planning session.
areas—building on recent initiatives—
would provide significant long-term benefits. Veteran members of ACerS agreed
that the career and investigational benefits of ACerS and its Divisions aren’t
always obvious to students and younger
professionals. Mentoring, encouragement from members in academic settings, awards and symposia selection
were mentioned as being important
motivators for the early-career group.
Several other strategic concerns were
debated, and, by the end of the session,
all participants agreed that their work
should shift from the “What?/So what?”
stage to an emphasis on the “Now
what?” (implementation) phase. Along
these lines, various Board and Division
leaders accepted specific action-item
assignments, including some aimed at
identifying best practices among similar
groups. The expectation is that the
group will distill these efforts to actionoriented proposals that will be offered
at the Board of Directors meeting this
October in Pittsburgh (held in conjunction with the Society’s Annual Meeting
and MS&T’12). n
(Credit: ACerS.)
Welcome to our newest
Corporate Members
ACerS Board, Division leaders participate in strategic
planning discussions
Scott Misture, Basic Science Division chair, sums up several ideas for facilitating Division
growth and operations.
7
acers spotlight
Student spotlight
Don’t miss MS&T’12
Join fellow Material Advantage members from around
the world at MS&T’12 in Pittsburgh, Pa. Special sessions,
contests and activities are planned. Read all about it at www.
materialadvantage.org/mst-student-activities/.
Student symposium planned for Electronic Materials
and Applications 2013
A special student symposium, “Highlights of Student
Research in Basic Science and Electronic Ceramics,” will
showcase undergraduate student research during EMA 2013,
Jan. 23–25, 2013, in Orlando, Fla. The deadline for submitting abstracts is Sept. 12, 2012. EMA 2013 focuses on
materials and devices in electronics, sensors, energy generation and storage, photovoltaics and LEDs. Read all about the
conference at www.ceramics.org/ema2012.
Material Advantage membership dues increase
The membership dues for Material Advantage are now
$30, the first increase since the program’s inception. Over
the years, the four partner organizations (ACerS, AIST,
ASM and TMS) also have increased their own professional
membership dues to keep up with increased costs of materials
and delivering services to members.
The partner societies remain committed to exploring ways
to increase the value of membership in Material Advantage,
by developing, for example, new contests and increasing
travel assistance. Just last summer, the membership “year”
was extended for new members—anyone who joins after
Aug. 1 is a member for the remainder of the year and all of
the following year.
ICC4–CLS student scholars
Congratulations to the students who were awarded travel
grants to attend ICC4–CLS in Chicago in July! The grants
were made available through support from the National
Science Foundation, ArcelorMittal, Ceradyne, Corning Inc.
and Kyocera. Additionally, Wiley sponsored scholarships for
two student bloggers.
• National Science Foundation student scholars
– Jesse Angle, University of California, Irvine
– Troy Ansell, Oregon State University
– Chris Baker, University of Akron
– Brooke Barta, Georgia Institute of Technology
– Henry Colorado, University of California, Los Angeles
– Maryam Dehdashti, Missouri University of Science &
Technology
– Lauren Garten, Pennsylvania State University
– Liangfa Hu, Texas A&M University
– Subramanian Ramalingam; Colorado School of Mines
– Jorgen Rufner, University of California, Davis
– Sheng Tong, University of Cincinnati
– Valerie Wiesner, Purdue University
• ArcelorMittal student scholars
– Daniel Clark, Colorado School of Mines
– Greg Harrington, Missouri University of Science and
Technology
• Ceradyne student scholars
– Xinwei Chen, National University of Singapore
– Mehdi Mazaheri, École Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne, Switzerland
– Rolf Weigand, University of Mining and Technology
Freiberg, Germany
• Corning student scholars
– Davide Morselli, University of Modena and Reggio
Emilia, Italy
– Giorgio Schileo, University of Birmingham/Sheffield
Hallam University, United Kingdom
– Meredith Shi, Alfred University
(Credit: Russell Lee Leonard; ACerS.)
• Kyocera student scholars
– Chi-Hsiu Chang, University of California, Davis
– Brian Ray, University of Kentucky
– Eduardo Vitral Freigedo Rodrigues, Federal University of
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Wiley student bloggers
– Bobby Harl, Vanderbilt University
– Lee Leonard, University of Tennessee Space Institute
NSF student scholar, Jesse Angle, talks about his research at
the inaugural Interactive Technology Forum and poster session
at ICC4–CLS.
8
The 2012 installment of the ACerS
Future Leaders Program took place during the 4th International Congress on
Ceramics in Chicago in July. Twentytwo outstanding young professionals
participated in the program while
they were in Chicago for the meeting.
Young professionals were invited to participate based on a nomination, their
involvement in the Society or accomplishments in the field. The program
included a networking dinner, presentation on leadership skills, roundtables
and an interactive panel discussion
with industry and government leaders
Delbert Day of Mo-Sci Corp., Jay Lane
of Rolls-Royce, Marina Pascucci of
Cullen Hackler from the Porcelain Enamel Institute presented a program on developing
CeraNova Corp. and Lynnette Madsen
leadership skills at the Future Leaders breakfast at ICC4–CLS.
from the National Science Foundation.
Charles Baldwin, Ferro Corp.; Nicola
Tokyo University of Science; Juan
Participants at this event included
Perry, Northwestern University; Sumin
Nino,
University
of
Florida;
Jairo
Mahmood
Shirooych, University of
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9
(Credit: Bobby Harl, ACerS.)
Society’s next generation participates in Future Leaders Program at ICC4–CLS
acers spotlight
State University; Robert Jensen, H.C.
Stark; Noah Shanti, 3M; Kevin Fox,
Savannah River National Laboratory;
Tom Chapman, Corning Inc.; Brel
Saiber, Du-Co Ceramics; Steven Jung,
Mo-Sci Corp.; Carol Click, Corning
Inc.; Aaron Schlett, Ipsen Ceramics;
Leanne Saiber, Du-Co Ceramics;
Hirokazu Sasaki, Shoei Chemical
Inc.; Noaki Arimitsu, Shoei Chemical
Inc.; Leah Glauber, Boeing; Nathan
Ashmore, Boeing; and Thomas
Henriksen, Ceramco Inc.
The Basic Science Division sponsored four of the young professionals
with $500 travel grants. They were
Mahmood Shirooych, Nicola Perry,
Carol Click and Sumin Zhu.
The program will continue throughout the year with activities and further
programming. To learn more about the
Future Leaders Program or the ACerS
Young Professionals Network, contact
Megan Bricker at mbricker@ceramics.
org or 614-794-5894. n
Calling all potential Emeritus
members
It’s that time of year when the
Society reaches out to long-time members to see if they qualify for Emeritus
membership. Members qualify for
Emeritus rank if they, by Dec. 31, 2012,
will be 65 years or older and will have
completed 35 or more years of continuous membership in ACerS. If you meet
both of these qualifications, you may be
eligible for Emeritus grade.
Emeritus members’ dues are waived,
and they get reduced meeting registration rates. To find out more about
Emeritus membership, please contact
Marcia Stout at 614-794-5821 or email
her at [email protected].
ACerS will be contacting members
in September and October who, according the Society’s records, meet these
requirements. But as a double-check,
those who think they are eligible may
contact Stout for confirmation. n
CALL FOR PAPERS A
Student bloggers Bobby Harl and Lee
Leonard reported on ICC4–CLS in CTT
in July. Find out more at www.ceramics.
org/ceramictechtoday.
Daily updates and biweekly emails on
breaking news. Recently we reported on
– Ceramics in fabrics
– Pnictide superconductors
– Zirconia bone scaffolds
– Olympics and science
– Superlight materials
www.ceramics.org/ceramictechtoday
In Memoriam
Seymour A. Bortz
Lyle E. Pefley
Some detailed obituaries also can be
found on the ACerS website, www.
ceramics.org/in-memoriam
DUE NOVEMBER 4, 2012
d of Scie
o rl
nc
W
e
A
BSTRACT
CeramiC TeCh Today
The 10th Pacific Rim Conference on
Ceramic and Glass Technology
including GOMD 2013 - Glass & Optical Materials Division
Annual Meeting
PACRIM
an
d Te c h n ol og
y
June 2–7, 2013 | Hotel Del Coronado | San Diego, CA, USA
www.ceramics.org/pacrim10
10
people in the spotlight
Varshneya named ICG glass ambassador
Mauro receives first SGT–Pilkington award
Varshneya
Arun Varshneya, ACerS Fellow, was
named to the Advisory Committee of the
International Commission on Glass at its
June meeting in Maastricht, Netherlands.
The group’s Steering Committee
and Council unanimously approved
Varshneya’s nomination to serve as an
ICG Ambassador for North America. n
(Credit: SGT.)
Cormack to review Italian university research
John Mauro receives the inaugural SGT–Alastair Pilkington
Early Career Award from Pilkington’s daughter, Ros Christian.
John C. Mauro of Corning Incorporated was named the
first winner of the SGT–Alastair Pilkington Early Career
Award by the Society of Glass Technology (Sheffield,
UK). The award was conferred at the opening ceremony
of the European Society of Glass Science and Technology
conference in June in Maastricht, Netherlands. Mauro
gave a lecture in conjunction with the award at the conference.
The purpose of the award is to “stimulate creativity and
determination in any field of glass studies,” among all who
are new to the study of glass, regardless of age. The award
was established by the family of Sir Alastair Pilkington to
commemorate his contributions to glass science and technology, most notably, the float-glass process for manufacturing sheet glass for windows. n
Cormack
Alfred University professor and ACerS
Fellow Alastair N. Cormack has been
invited to serve as a peer reviewer for
Italy’s National Agency for the Evaluation
of Universities and Research Institutes.
Cormack will serve on 14 panels, which
are charged with evaluating the research
conducted by Italian universities and
research institutions between 2006 and
2010. n
Yttrium Oxide & other
Rare Earth materials
ASM appoints Sundaram to IMR committee
The ASM International Board of
Trustees appointed Alfred University
professor, S.K. Sundaram, ACerS Fellow,
to a three-year term on its International
Materials Reviews Committee, effective
Sept. 1, 2012. The journal is published
jointly by ASM International and the
Institute of Materials, Minerals and
Sundaram
Mining (UK) six times per year and
includes critical assessments of the literature pertaining to
materials science and engineering. The role of the committee
is to suggest review topics, recommend authors and provide
technical review of manuscripts commissioned for the IMR.
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www.candldevelopment.com
11
4th International Congress on Ceramics
(Credit: Left, Lee Leonard, ACerS; right, ACerS.)
Shaping the future at ICC4
(Credit: Left and right, ACerS.)
(Credit: ACerS.)
(Left) Video displays, laptop computers and iPads offered new dimensions to the traditional poster session. (Right) The
Ceramic Leadership Summit featured a panel of experts who offered case histories of technology entrepreneurship and nextgeneration technology transfer.
Overlooking the conference dinner, held at the Modern
Wing of the Art Institute of Chicago, ICC4 president Kathy
Faber thanks attendees for their participation in the successful congress.
I
t was fry-an-egg-on-the-sidewalk hot in host
city Chicago during the recent Fourth International Congress on Ceramics and the colocated
Ceramic Leadership Summit, but that had nothing
to do with the warm and sincere feelings of collaboration and collegiality inside the meetings.
At the reception, ICC4 student blogger Bobby Harl, left, and Keith
Bowman, center, discuss their work with Bill Lee.
to business leaders and materials professionals from all corners of the world. They left with
new friendships, inspiration and invitations to
pursue technical, entrepreneurial and leadership
opportunities.
While there was a clear international design to
ICC4, the Ceramic Leadership Summit track
offered opportunities for learning and discussion
about materials-oriented business opportunities
and challenges that tended to focus on the operations in the United States, such as small business
funding opportunities, intellectual property best
practices, patent law changes and university
technology transfer case studies.
The joint ICC4–CLS meetings also succeeded in
providing a unique opportunity to expose a large
group of students and early-career researchers
12
dia “poster” session ever held at a large-scale
scientific or technical meeting.
Looking forward to ICC5, ICC4 president Katherine Faber and her technical program cochair
Edgar Lara-Curzio handed over the reins of the
congress to a representative of incoming president, Longtu Li, who offered a preview of the
2014 event to be held in Beijing, China. n
(Credit: ACerS.)
ICC4 delivered on its promise to “Shape the Future
of Ceramics” with an impressive blue-chip array
Another distinction of the ICC4–CLS gatherings
of international business leaders and researchers
who offered their thoughts about how to approach was the organization of the two-day “Interactive
Technology Forum,” perhaps the first multimestrategic questions related to priority research
goals, engineering challenges and commercial
opportunities for ceramic- and glass-based materials. The range and depth of plenary and technical
session leaders provoked much discussion and
reflection on the science and engineering strengths
and weakness of various geographical regions and
industries.
Maxine Savitz, vice president of the National
Academy of Engineering and leadoff plenary speaker
chats with M.D. Patil following her presentation.
The view from the audience during the plenary presentation by Corning’s Gary Calabrese.
ceramics in energy
When high-temperature superconducting oxides were discovered in the
mid-1980s, it was thought that they
would revolutionize electric power
delivery. They might still. However,
the physics of these intriguing materials
has made them tricky to engineer for
applications. One problem that persists
is the tendency of high-temperature
superconducting cuprates, such as
YBCO, to have weakly linked grain
boundaries, which diminishes the global critical current density.
The weak linking can be overcome
by controlling the grain misorientation
angle with textured substrates. Another
way would be to find a material with
high enough local intragrain critical
current densities. The ferropnictide
family of compounds shows some
promise in this regard. (The pnictides
are the Group Va compounds in the
periodic table of the elements: N, P,
As, Sb and Bi.) The ferropnictide family of superconducting compounds, in
particular, is interesting because of the
compounds’ high critical temperatures
and some interesting physics related to
their multiband superconductivity and
antiferromagnetism.
For example, the pnictide compound, BaFe2As2 (Ba-122), is of
interest, because its magnetic and
superconducting properties are in a
range that makes them useful for applications. There has been a fair amount
of research on cobalt-doped Ba-122
(electron-doped). A disadvantage is
that this compound has the problem
mentioned above, namely intrinsically
weak linking of its grain boundaries.
However, the critical current density
is less sensitive to grain misorientation
than is seen in the cuprate compounds.
Thus, there is strong interest in studying polycrystalline ferropnictides.
ACerS member Eric Hellstrom and
his team at Florida State University
recently published a paper in Nature
Materials reporting on superconductivity in potassium-doped Ba-122 (hole-
(Credit: Weiss; FSU.)
High critical current density doped pnictide superconductors
High critical current density doped ferropnictide superconductors. (a)
Magneto-optical image of a rectangular slab of (Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 bulk material
after zero field cooling the sample to 10 K and applying 167 millitesla. (b)
Current stream lines calculated for zero field cooled sample showing uniform
current circulating though the bulk. (c) Magneto-optical image showing remnant trapped magnetic flux after zero field cooling to 5.7 K, applying a small
field of 166 millitesla, and then removing the applied field.
doped) wire and bulk material.
The surprising result is that the
global critical current density is much
higher in K-doped Ba-122 than the
Co-doped version. The abstract gets
right to the point: “Here we present a
contrary and very much more positive
result in which untextured polycrystalline (Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 bulks and round
wires with high grain-boundary density
have transport critical current densities
well over 0.1 MA·cm–2 (self field, 4.2
K).”
How “much more positive?” They
report critical current densities that
are “more than 10 times higher than
that of any other round untextured ferropnictide wire and 4–5 times higher
than the best textured flat wire,” which
they say are “high enough to be interesting for applications.”
The improvement is attributed to
enhanced grain connectivity, which in
turn, arises from several factors relating
to the material’s microstructure, and
therefore, processing. Three factors are
singled out.
First, the polycrystals were synthesized by chemical reaction, which could
be done at temperatures that are low
enough to prevent the formation of
unfavorable secondary phases like FeAs.
Secondary phases have been shown to
wet the grain boundaries and block current.
Second, the synthesis process is done
under high-pressure conditions, which
yields a nearly 100-percent dense material and very good intragranular connectivity.
Third, the material is very finegrained with grain sizes of approximately 200 nanometers. This means that
planar grain boundaries are rare and the
anisotropy values are low, which makes
the vortex stiffness high. Why does this
matter? Even though most of the vortices span grain boundaries, with this
material, very little if any vortice actually resides in the grain boundary.
In the paper, the authors suggest that
there may be some compound-related
factors involved, too. They cite a
higher critical current density as a function of magnetic field for the K-doped
Ba-122 than for the Co-doped material, which could be related to hole- vs.
electron-doping.
For full details see “High intergrain
critical current density in fine-grain
(Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 wires and bulks,”
Weiss, et al., Nature Materials (doi:
10.1038/NMAT3333). n
13
ceramics in energy
A company in New York State,
ENrG, has been seeking commercial
opportunities after perfecting their ability to produce 3YZT foils in a variety of
shapes and production sizes (currently
the largest is 10 centimeters 3 15 centimeters), including foils that are 40
micrometers thick. Foils as thin as 20
micrometers are anticipated for later in
2012.
Foils like these are not useful by
themselves (aside from instilling some
awe in the materials community).
However, they are expected to be a
highly useful enabling platform for any
application that would require a ceramic membrane.
Kathy Olenick, director of technical
applications for ENrG, believes opportunities for using these foils is wide open
because they have so many useful properties. “The idea is, for example, that
you can have a flexible support that is
dielectric, too,” says Olenick. “Instead
of applying a dielectric material onto a
substrate, the foils have it already integrated with support. In addition, the
foil’s ability to retain its electrical and
mechanical properties through thermal
cycling makes it a prime material for
electrolyte-supported fuel cells.”
(Credit: ENrG Inc.; Don Dannecker, Izon Production Photography.)
Durable, flexible thin ceramic foils opening new applications
ENrG’s tough, flexible ceramic foil is an enabling foundation for energy, electronic
and structural applications.
(Credit: ENrG Inc.; Time Curry.)
Olenick says the foil’s other properties open some unprecedented materials choices for applications engineers,
especially where there are high temperatures and chemically harsh environments. And, the translucency, for
example, means it is easy to align double-sided coatings. She says the foils are
essentially transparent at mid-IR range
wavelengths. She
also notes that custom textures can be
given to the foils,
and holes can be
added in the green
state if air or fuel
passages need to be
structured. (The
company makes the
foils by tape casting
followed by sintering.)
In particular,
Olenick touts her
company’s Thin
E-Strate product as
a good choice for
ENrG says its metalized Thin E-Strate readily adapts under
thin-film photovolthermal stress.
taic applications.
14
Along these lines, she says that the
New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority recently gave
ENrG an award to explore the product’s
potential in the solar energy markets.
She says Thin E-Strate would be a more
efficient backing for solar cells than
materials used currently.
The flexibility of the product apparently causes some doubletakes. Olenick
says, “When ceramic technologists see
Thin E-Strate at our trade shows or in
our videos, they question if it’s really a
ceramic!”
A company representative made
a presentation on the foils and the
company’s capabilities at ACerS 2012
ICACC meeting. An online version of
this presentation can be seen by contacting the company.
The company has received support
in the past from NYSERDA and NIST
to work on large-area ceramic fuel cell
development and fabrication capabilities.
For more information, including
videos demonstrating the flexibility and
thermal durability of ENrG foils, see:
www.enrg-inc.com. n
ceramics in biomedicine
Korean researchers at Soonchunhyang
University have been working on developing bonelike scaffolds to help regenerate defective or damaged bone tissue.
They say they have found a fairly uncomplicated mixed-material candidate for use
in situations where mechanical strength
is a factor but the dimensions are fairly
small, such as in fingers and toes. The
scaffold is composed of hydroxyapatite
and zirconium dioxide. They say the
key to making this combination work
together—each has separate beneficial
characteristics but different coefficients of
thermal expansion—is carefully engineering the interface between the two materials and microwave sintering.
The group, led by Byong-Taek Lee,
has been creating a variety of bone
scaffold structures for several years. For
example, in 2011, they reported on the
clever use of electrospinning to engineer a candidate for artificial cancellous
bone, a spongy, soft and weak type of
bone tissue found, for example, at the
expanded heads of long bones and in
the interior of vertebrae.
In contrast with cancellous bone,
“compact” or cortical bone is harder,
denser and stiffer and provides more
structural support for organs and joints
and, ultimately, the whole body. This
time Lee’s group focused on a substitute
for this tougher bone for use in bone
graft applications.
Bone grafts have become fairly common in dental reconstruction efforts
(to build support for dental implants).
They also are used in complicated bone
fractures and situations where small
amounts of bone are missing or have
necessarily been removed.
Currently, the most widely used
materials for bone grafts are tissues
taken from elsewhere on the individual
or from a cadaver. However, there are
drawbacks to both of these sources.
The biomedical materials community in recent years has been active in
(Credit: Jang et al.; Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.)
Microwaving of hydroxyapatite,
ZrO2 combo yields promising
strong bone graft scaffold
Mechanically strong and biocompatible hydroxyapatite/t-ZrO2 composite scaffolds
prepared by microwave sintering at (a, b) 1,300°C, (c, d) 1,400°C and (e, f) 1,500°C.
developing alternative materials and
scaffolds for grafting. The search is on
among many groups looking for the
“ideal” artificial graft materials. Several
tests have been made using scaffolds
of hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass and
other ceramic materials.
It is not clear whether there will ever
be a single ideal graft material, especially if the composition can be customized
based for a specific site. However, at a
minimum, any substitute material will
have to be fairly light and strong, will
have to be porous to allow cell growth
and fluid penetration, and will have
to encourage bone cell growth (not to
mention growth of vascular and neural
tissues).
The recent work in Korea has to do
with combining two well-known materials: hydroxyapatite and ZrO2. A news
release from the National Institute for
Materials Science notes that, “While
hydroxyapatite encourages bone cell
ingrowth, when it is porous like natural bone, it is mechanically weak. The
second material, zirconium dioxide, is
stronger, but cells do not grow on it.”
The question they faced was how to
create a scaffold from these very different materials (with normally incompatible coefficients of thermal expansion)
without cracking and damaging the
structure during the sintering process.
The answer is in a paper in the journal
Science and Technology of Advanced
Materials, “Microwave sintering and
in-vitro study of defect-free stable
porous multilayered HAp–ZrO2 artificial bone scaffold” (doi:10.1088/14686996/13/3/035009). The researchers
say their goal is “to fabricate a bone
preform that can be strong enough to
maintain a reasonable load during the
natural healing period, and at the same
time offers extensive porous space for
the bone regeneration to take place
throughout the whole scaffold.”
The solution they discovered is to
carefully build up hydroxyapatite on the
exterior of a ZrO2 core. They use a gradient zone between the two, and then
sinter using a microwave oven instead
of a conventional furnace. In particular,
they credit the gradient region with
resolving the potential thermal expansion problems.
In their paper, the researchers say the
microwave sintering “ensures sufficient
sintering within a short time. … In this
method, the heating rate is relatively
high and the dwelling time is significantly shortened, which hinders undesired
reactions and, hence, preserves the biocompatibility of the intended materials.”
After creating test structures and
confirming their strength and porosity,
the team seeded the composite with
cells and found that they indeed grew
successfully, divided as hoped and after
several days covered the entire surface.
They also found that the cells completely filled the pores and penetrated
the ceramic structures. n
15
The ACerS Awards Class of 2012
During the 114-year history of The
American Ceramic Society, a system of
awards has evolved to honor and recognize
its members’ outstanding contributions
and accomplishments and to create career
benchmarks for aspiring young scientists,
engineers and business leaders.
The most prestigious of ACerS awards
is the designation of Distinguished Life
Member, a recognition bestowed upon only
two or three members each year. In 2012,
ACerS has chosen three individuals—
Noboru Ichinose, Brian R. Lawn and Joel P.
Moskowitz—to receive the DLM laurels.
This year, ACerS will add 15 members to
its Class of Fellows and recognize many
more outstanding members with various
Society-wide, Division and Class awards
(and lectures) that will be formally presented at the organization’s Annual Meeting,
Oct. 7–11, 2012, held in conjunction with
MS&T’12 in Pittsburgh, Pa. A description of
each winner is presented in the following
pages.
Awards Banquet
The winners of the Society’s 2012
awards will be feted at the ACerS
Annual Awards and Honors Banquet, Monday, Oct. 8. Banquet tickets maybe purchased during registration for the conference. See pages
39–45 for schedule details.
16
2012 Distinguished Life
Members
Noboru Ichinose
With a long
record of outstanding scholarly accomplishments and scientific contributions, Noboru
Ichinose is an
outstanding
example of what
ACerS
Distinguished
Life Members
represent.
Ichinose, now an emeritus professor, is the former dean of the faculty
of engineering at Waseda University
in Tokyo and the past director of the
school’s Kagami Memorial Research
Institute for Materials Science and
Technology. He was at Toshiba prior to
joining the university. He is an internationally recognized expert in the area
of functional ceramic materials and
has made seminal contributions in the
development of a wide variety of functional ceramic materials, including bulk
materials, thin films and single crystals.
Ichinose’s works cover an enormous
variety of electronic ceramic materials, such as ferrites, low-permittivity
substrates, thermally conductive materials, dielectric materials, thermistors,
piezolelectrics and pyroelectrics, non-
linear resistors, sensors and superconducting materials. These include many
commercial products manufactured by
Toshiba Corp.
“Over the years, because the electronics industry required highly functional materials with unique characteristics,” says Jay Singh, a friend and
colleague of Ichinose, “he accepted the
challenge and worked on both fundamental and applied aspects.” Singh
lauds his contributions to low-temperature firing techniques and microwave
dielectrics and to energy conversion,
semiconducting, magnetic, functionally graded, intelligent and eco-friendly
materials. “He continuously carried out
the research work with the concept of
creating new materials and their widescale applications,” says Singh.
A prolific researcher, Ichinose
authored or coauthored more than 200
papers, edited or coedited more than
60 books and earned more than 450
patents.
Ichinose is the past president of
the prestigious Ceramic Society of
Japan and has had a long relationship
with ACerS, including membership
in ACerS Electronics Division since
1978. He has worked with the Society
on several exchanges, workshops and
meetings, including PACRIM. He is
an ACerS Fellow and recipient of the
John Jeppson and Richard C. Fulrath
awards. Also, he has served as chair of
the Japanese Fulrath Committee since
1997.
Ichinose’s other honors range from
being named a member of the World
Academy of Ceramics to receiving
awards from the Japan Society of
Powder and Powder Metallurgy, the
Illuminating Engineering Institute, the
Japan Fine Ceramics Association and
Japan’s top science ministry.
Brian R. Lawn
A 35-year member of ACerS,
Brian Lawn’s
name is synonymous with
indentation
fracture
mechanics and
the development of indentation-testing
methods, areas
where he has
been a true pioneer. Moreover, his work
in advancing the understanding of fracture mechanics of brittle materials from
the atomic to the macro level has delivered major advancements in basic science, engineering and, most recently
anthropology.
Before entering the field of materials science, Lawn was largely focused
on physics. He gained his bachelor
and doctorate degrees in physics at
the University of Western Australia
and in the mid-1960s was a postdoctoral fellow in the School of Physics
at the University of Bristol. At Bristol,
he began to sit in on lectures in the
school’s nascent materials science offerings, which whetted his interest in
the field. “That’s where it all started,
and then I became interested in the
causes of contact damage on diamond
surfaces,” says Lawn. “I noticed that
many diamonds had cracks, presumably
from the mining process and impacts
with small particles. I started to look
into how indentations could take place
on the diamonds. And, then I realized
that there was a field out there where
the notion of indentations leading to
fractures had never been studied. That
is how I got into indentation, and from
there it just built up very, very quickly.
I never planned my career that way. It
was serendipity, and it just evolved that
way.”
As part of this work, Lawn says he
was drawn into engineering. “The more
practical side was appealing. I began
to see that you could use indentation
to study the mechanical properties of
materials.” Lawn went on to author the
book, Fracture of Brittle Solids, first published in 1975. He went on to publish
more than 300 research papers (and
became one of the most-cited materials
scientists worldwide for many years).
After periods of working in materials science and physics at Brown
University, the University of New
South Wales and the University
of Sussex, Lawn became a member
of the NIST staff. In 1987, he was
appointed to the position of NIST
Fellow. In 2001, he was elected to
the United States National Academy
of Engineering, and, in 2012, to the
Australian Academy of Science.
Lawn is an ACerS Fellow and has
been tapped for many awards and honorary lectures from the Society, including the Edward Orton Jr., Ross Coffin
Purdy and Robert B. Sosman awards.
Although now nominally retired,
Lawn has shifted his focus to biological
applications of indentation, particularly
in regard to how anthropologists can
use studies of dental fracture patterns.
“Teeth,” says Lawn, “can show a lot
about how different species, including
ourselves, evolved, and we can infer
much information about what they
ate.”
Joel P. Moskowitz
Although
trained as a
ceramic engineer
at Alfred
University, Joel
Moskowitz also
earned an MBA
degree at the
University of
Southern
California, and
eventually
became an entrepreneurial superstar in
the commercial ceramics field. Starting
with only his life savings and a telephone in a bedroom, he built Ceradyne
into a worldwide diversified business,
although one that is best known for
developing rugged and reliable ceramic
armor plates.
“I have known Moskowitz since the
time he was a student at Alfred,” says
L. David Pye, a professor emeritus at
the school and former ACerS president, “and have followed with great
admiration his remarkable career in
the ceramic industry, his involvement
with academia and his great support for
ACerS over the years. These accomplishments arguably make him one of
the most successful ceramic engineers
in modern times.”
After serving as an officer in the US
Missile Command and a research engineer for Interpace Corp., Moskowitz
used $5,000 to cofound Ceradyne in
1967 to forge a company based on
advanced structural ceramics. Today,
the company is a model of vertically
integrated manufacturing and is an
international publicly held corporation
with a $545 million market capitalization. Ceradyne focuses on defense,
transportation, electronics, medical,
nuclear, solar and oil and gas applications. Research and manufacturing
facilities can be found in the US,
Germany, China and Canada.
Moskowitz has provided remarkable
leadership and financial support to
several academic institutions, including Alfred University and Clemson
University, and to ACerS. He served
for many years on the Society’s
President’s Council of Industrial
Advisors and most recently helped
the organization create its Ceramic
Leadership Summit meeting series.
Moskowitz also played an important
role in supporting the International
Ceramic Congress, the International
Federation on Ceramics and the
International Commission on Glass.
17
The 2012 ACerS Class of Fellows
cation, sensor technology, nanotechnology
and technologies for
improvement of concrete performance. He
has spun off three
companies from OSU
that are commercializApblett
ing inventions in arsenic remediation, explosive sensing and
neutralization, and wireless corrosion
sensors, and he was recently inducted
into the National Academy of Inventors.
Apblett has served ACerS as program
chair, secretary and chair of the NETD
division. He currently serves on the
Advisory Board for the ACerS Bulletin.
Jun Akedo is prime
senior research scientist, National Institute
of Advanced
Industrial Science and
Technology in
Tsukuba Science City,
Japan. He also holds
Akedo
professorships at the
Tokyo Institute of Technology and
Shibaura Institute of Technology.
Akedo has served as project
leader for many national R&D projects, including “Nano Structure
Forming for Advanced Ceramic
Integration Technology” in the Japan
Nanotechnology Program and has
received numerous awards from the
Japanese government and the Ceramic
Society of Japan. His current research
interests are room-temperature coating
of ceramic materials for applications to
green devices.
He belongs to the Electronics and
the Engineering Ceramics Divisions of
The American Ceramic Society and
has contributed as chair, organizer and
advisory board member for MS&T
meetings and ACerS meetings, including ICACC, ICC and PACRIM.
Allen Apblett is a professor in the
Chemistry Department at Oklahoma
State University in Stillwater, Okla. His
current research is in the areas of counterterrorism research, water purifi18
Alex Cozzi is a fellow
engineer with the
Savannah River
National Laboratory
at the Department of
Energy’s Savannah
River Site in Aiken,
S.C. Cozzi’s current
Cozzi
research activities
focus on cementitious waste forms for
radioactive waste disposal. In addition
to supporting the SRS Saltstone
Facility, he is contributing to the development of the cementitious waste form
and process for the Department of
Energy’s Hanford Site.
Cozzi is affiliated with the Nuclear
and Environmental Technology
Division of ACerS and served as chair
in 2010–2011. He is an active member
of the National Institute of Ceramic
Engineers and served as president in
2010–2011.
Matt Dejneka is a
senior research associate in Corning’s Glass
Research group in
Corning, N.Y. His
research interests have
led to innovations in
transparent, ferroelecDejneka
tric and magnetic
glass ceramics; tapered fiber lasers; compositions for optical amplifiers; rareearth-doped fluorescent microbarcodes;
negative thermal expansion ceramics
and glass-ceramics and glasses for a
variety of laser and optics applications.
Currently he is investigating chemically
strengthened glasses and is a coinventor
of Corning’s Gorilla Glass.
In 2005 Dejneka received the
Karl Schwartzwalder–Professional
Achievement in Ceramic Engineering
Award. He organized seven sessions,
one symposium, and the 2006 Glass &
Optical Materials Division Meeting.
He served as president of Keramos in
2004–2006 and has been a member of
ACerS since 1988.
Doreen Edwards is a
professor of materials
science and engineering and dean of the
Kazuo Inamori School
of Engineering at
Alfred University.
Edwards joined the
Edwards
faculty at AU in 1997
and served as the graduate program
director and associate dean of engineering before being appointed dean in
2009. Prior to graduate school, Edwards
was a research scientist at Gould Inc.
and Northwestern University’s Basic
Industry Research Lab.
Edwards’ research focuses primarily on oxides for electrical, optical
and energy-conversion applications.
Currently, her research group is working on projects related to photocatalysis, high-temperature thermoelectrics
and sodium-metal halide batteries.
Edwards has been a member of
ACerS since 1994, is a member of the
Basic Science Division and served on
the Division’s Long Range Planning
Committee. She was a member of the
Phase Equilibria Program Subcommittee
and served as its chair for two terms.
Gao
Lian Gao has been a
professor at Shanghai
Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China, since
2010. His current
interests and main
research areas are energy materials and environmental materials.
Gao served as the chair of the
Committee of Structure Ceramics of
the Chinese Ceramic Society in 1998
and has been actively involved in organizing conferences and special sessions
at large national and international
meetings. He is the editor of several
international journals.
Three times he has been awarded the
First Awards of Science and Technology
from the Shanghai government and is
an Academician of the World Academy
of Ceramics. He is a member of the
ACerS Basic Science Division.
Curtis A. Johnson
retired as principal scientist in Ceramics and
Metallurgy Technologies at GE Research
in Niskayuna, N.Y.
area in 2008 and
actively consults with
Johnson
GE and elsewhere. In
2010, he was appointed adjunct professor in the Department of Materials
Science and Engineering at State
University of New York, Stony Brook.
Johnson has worked on the development, fabrication, characterization, life
prediction and reliability assessment of
advanced ceramics and coatings and
helped develop processes for near-netshape fabrication of sintered silicon
carbide. He helped advance analytical
techniques for probabilistic strength and
failure prediction of brittle materials.
Recent research activities have focused
on thermal barrier coatings and environmental barrier coatings with an emphasis
on microstructure–property relationships.
Johnson is a member of the
Engineering Ceramics Division of
ACerS and was awarded the ECD
James I. Mueller Award in 2009.
Carlos G. Levi is professor of materials and
mechanical engineering at the University
of California, Santa
Barbara. His industrial
experience includes
appointments at the
Levi
Mexican affiliates of
Harbison–Walker and W.S. Atkins, a
UK engineering consultancy. He serves
on the Technical Advisory Board at
Alcoa Howmet and has been a consultant for various companies throughout
his academic career.
His current research focuses on the
fundamental understanding of thermal
and environmental barrier coatings for
advanced gas turbine engines, processing
and performance of ceramic composite
systems and the development of environmental barrier concepts for advanced
nuclear reactors. He is also working on
the understanding and development of
metastable paths to synthesize functional materials with improved capabilities,
such as thermoelectrics.
Hong Li is a staff scientist with PPG
Industries Inc., where
he leads development
of new fiberglass technologies for printed
circuit boards, wind
blades, corrosion
Li
applications and other
end use markets. His professional experience also includes Schott North
America Inc., where he led high-power
laser glass development, as well as
Pacific Northwest National
Laboratories, where he focused on vitrification processes for low- and high-level radioactive waste.
Li coorganized and cochaired several
international symposia and conferences
covering fundamental glass science and
fiber-glass technology. He serves as
technical referee for numerous glass and
materials science related journals.
Li was chair of the Glass and Optical
Materials Division of ACerS in 2009
and currently serves as a council member of the International Commission on
Glass.
McEntire
Bryan J. McEntire is
chief technology officer at Amedica
Corporation, in Salt
Lake City, Utah.
Beginning in 1978 he
was employed by
Ceramatec in various
positions, including
plant manager until he joined Norton/
TRW Ceramics in 1987, where he eventually became vice president and technical director. In 1993, McEntire became
general manager of the Advanced
Ceramics Division of Saint-Gobain
Corporation. In 1998, he joined Applied
Materials Corporation as its senior director for supply chain management, and,
in 2004, he joined the staff at Amedica.
His current interests involve the development and manufacturing of ceramics
for orthopedic applications.
For 10 years McEntire taught the
“Forming of Ceramics” short course for
NICE in conjunction with the ACerS
Annual Meeting. He is an emeritus
member of ACerS affiliated with the
Engineering Ceramics Division and
NICE.
Fred Stover cofounded Applied Ceramics
Inc. in 1967 and was
ceramic engineer and
lab director for
Thermo Materials
(now Ceradyne) in
Scottdale, Ga. He is
Stover
principal, chair and
founder of Matrix Enterprises and
since 1985 has served as a manufacturer’s representative and distributor for
ceramic raw materials. He consults for
the abrasive and refractory industries
on silicon carbide and fused alumina.
Stover is a past president of the
ACerS/National Institute of Ceramic
Engineers. He is the past chair and
current treasurer of the Michigan/
NW Ohio section of ACerS. He has
served leadership roles in many ACerS
committees including the Technology
and Manufacturing subcommittee
of the ACerS Meeting Committee,
the ACerS President’s Council of
Industrial Advisors, and the John
Jeppson and Corporate Environmental
Achievement Award committees.
G. Sundararajan joined the India
Defence Metallurgical Research
Laboratory in 1982 as a scientist and was
appointed director of the International
Advanced Research Centre for Powder
Metallurgy and New Materials in
19
2012 Fellows
1997. His research
interests include
understanding of the
tribological behavior
of a wide range of
ceramic and cermet
coatings obtained by
various coating techSundararajan
niques, such as detonation spray, electrospark coating, microarc oxidation and cold spray. Recent
interests include development of yttriastabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings by electron beam PVD technology
and solution precursor plasma spray
techniques, development a novel chemical technique for near-net-shape gelcasting of b-SiAlON and synthesis of
Al2O3–ZrO2–Ti(CN) nanocomposites
for cutting-tool applications.
He is the president of the Materials
Research Society of India.
Takata
Masasuke Takata is
professor and vice
president at Nagaoka
University of
Technology in Japan
and director of the
Japan Fine Ceramics
Center. His research
program focuses on
water in glass, optically readable hydrogen sensors, hot-spot phenomenon of
high-temperature superconductors,
growth control of zinc oxide crystals for
ultra violet lasers and new multiceramic
film heat insulators. He is vice president of the Ceramic Society of Japan.
He is a member of the ACerS Basic
Science Division and a previous recipient of the Richard M. Fulrath Award.
Tadashi Takenaka
has been a professor of
electrical engineering,
at Tokyo University
of Science, Noda,
Japan, since 1996. His
major fields are ferroelectric, piezoelectric
Takenaka
and pyroelectric properties; materials and applications of
lead-free ferroelectric ceramics, and
grain-oriented bismuth layer-structured
ferroelectric ceramics.
He received the 1993 Edward
C. Henry Award of the Electronics
Division of ACerS for a paper published in the Journal of the American
Ceramic Society in 1989.
He is an active member of the
Electronics Division of ACerS and a
Fellow of IEEE.
Eric D. Wachsman,
director of the
University of
Maryland Energy
Research Center, is
the William L. Crentz
Centennial Chair in
Energy Research, with
Wachsman
appointments in the
Department of Materials Science and
Engineering and the Department of
Chemical Engineering at the University
of Maryland.
Wachsman’s research is focused on
solid ion-conducting materials and
electrocatalysts, and includes the development of solid oxide fuel cells, iontransport membrane reactors, solid-state
gas sensors, electrocatalytic conversion
of CH4, CO2 and NOx using advanced
ion-conducting materials.
He is editor-in-chief of Ionics, editor of Energy Systems, former associate
editor of the Journal of the American
Ceramic Society and former councilor
of the Florida Section of ACerS. He
serves on numerous boards and was
appointed by the governor to the Board
of Directors of the Maryland Clean
Energy Center.
Class awards
ACerS/NICE: Arthur Frederick Greaves-Walker Lifetime
Service Award, to an individual who has rendered outstanding
service to the ceramic engineering profession and who, by life and
career, has exemplified the NICE, ideals and purpose.
Ceramic Educational Council: Outstanding Educator
Award, to recognize truly outstanding work and creativity in
teaching, directing student research or the general educational
process of ceramic educators.
Harrie Stevens retired from Corning Incorporated
and Alfred University. During his university studies, he developed a love for the application of science to solve engineering problems and a strong
Stevens
commitment to undergraduate education. This led
to teaching at Alfred for more than 25 years and to working as a process engineering manager at Corning for more
than 10 years. Stevens has been a member of ACerS since
1965 and served as a Section president, Board of Directors
member and Meetings Committee member.
He joined NICE on graduating from Alfred. He was
a member of the Education Committee, ABET Program
Evaluator, EAC and TAC member and ABET Board of
Directors. Concurrently, he went through the ranks of
NICE, with the additional honor of being named a NICE
Fellow. Stevens now serves as a program evaluator candidate trainer for ABET and a program evaluator in the area
of ceramics and materials.
Rajendra Bordia has been a professor of materials
science and engineering at the University of
Washington, Seattle, since 1991 and served as
chair from 1998 to 2005. Previously, he was a
research scientist with DuPont Co.
Bordia
His research is at the intersection of materials
and mechanics and is focused on fundamental and applied
studies in the processing and properties of complex material systems for energy, biomedical, environmental and
high-temperature applications. His current emphasis is on
ceramics, composites, multilayered and porous materials.
Bordia is a Fellow of ACerS and Indian Institute of
Metals. He was selected as the Teacher of the Year seven
times by his students and received the Marsha Landolt
Distinguished Graduate Mentor award.
Bordia is an associate editor of the Journal of the American
Ceramic Society, was the chair of the Basic Science Division
and served on the ACerS Board of Directors.
20
Society awards
W. David Kingery Award
Award, to recognize
distinguished lifelong achievements involving multidisciplinary and global contributions to ceramic technology, science, education and art.
William E. Lee is professor of ceramic engineering,
director of the Centre for
Advanced Structural
Ceramics and codirector of
the Centre for Nuclear
Lee
Engineering in the
Department of Materials at Imperial
College London, UK. He also is deputy
chair of the UK Government Advisory
Committee on Radioactive Waste
Management, which reports directly to
the Energy Minister. Lee holds a First
Class Honours BS in physical metallurgy
from Aston University and a PhD in
radiation damage in ceramics from
Oxford University, UK. From 1983
through 1989 he was a postdoctoral
researcher at Case Western Reserve
University and an assistant professor of
ceramic engineering at Ohio State
University. He returned to the UK and
was at Sheffield University 1989–2005.
While there he was director of the Sorby
Centre for Electron Microscopy and the
British Nuclear Fuels Limited university
research alliance, the Immobilisation
Science Laboratory.
He is coauthor of four books and more
than 350 peer-reviewed publications. He
has been a member of The American
Ceramic Society Basic Science Division
for nearly 30 years, is a Fellow of the
Society and a member of its Board of
Directors. He also is a Fellow of the
Institute of Materials, Minerals and
Mining and of the City and Guilds
Institute. He is a winner of the IOMMM
Rosenhain Medal, the Pfeil Award and
the Wakabayashi Prize of the Technical
Association of Refractories, Japan.
Lee’s current research interests
cover ceramics in nuclear applications,
including spent fuel durability, vitreous
and glass composite wasteforms, and
ceramic fuels and structural components in Generation IV reactors, as well
as non-oxide ultra-high-temperature
ceramics for aerospace applications.
John Jeppson Award, to recognize distinguished scientific, technical or engineering
achievements.
Katsutoshi Komeya, who
earned his PhD from the
Tokyo Institute of
Technology in 1977, is an
emeritus professor at
Yokohama National
Komeya
University, Yokohama,
Japan, and an ACerS Fellow. He investigated nitride ceramics, especially Si3N4
and AlN, for 50 years at Toshiba Corp.
(1962-1989) and Yokohama National
University (1989–2012). His contributions have led to innovation and development of high strength Si3N4 and
SiAlONs for bearing balls and high-thermal-conductivity AlN substrates for electronic devices. His recent research efforts
focus on the powder processing and property evaluation for both nitrides.
He has published more than 250
papers, more than 50 books and
acquired many patents. Komeya was
honored with the ACerS Richard M.
Fulrath Award; the President Award
for Pioneered Innovation on Nitride
Ceramics, Toshiba Corp.; the Ceramic
Society of Japan Award of Academic
Achievement in Ceramic Science
and Technology; and the ACerS
Engineering Ceramics Division Bridge
Building Award. He is an Academician
of the World Academy of Ceramics.
Robert L. Coble Award for Young
Scholars, to recognize an outstanding
scientist who is conducting research in
academia, in industry or at a governmentfunded laboratory.
Roger J. Narayan is a
professor in the Joint
Department of Biomedical
Engineering at the
University of North
Carolina and North
Narayan
Carolina State University
in Raleigh, N.C. He is the author of
more than 100 publications as well as
several book chapters on processing and
characterization of biomedical materials.
He currently serves as an editorial
board member for several biomaterials
and nanomaterials journals, including as
editor-in-chief of Materials Science and
Engineering C: Materials for Biological
Applications. Narayan has edited several books, including the Handbook
on Materials for Medical Devices,
Computer Aided Biomanufacturing,
Printed Biomaterials: Novel Processing and
Modeling Techniques for Medicine and
Surgery and Biomedical Materials.
He serves as president of the North
Carolina Tissue Engineering and
Regenerative Medicine Society and vice
chair of the TMS Electronic, Magnetic
& Photonic Materials Division. He has
organized several symposia for ACerS
and the Materials Research Society.
Narayan has received several honors
for his research activities, including the
National Science Faculty Early Career
21
Society awards
Development Award, the Office of Naval
Research Young Investigator Award
and the ACerS Richard M. Fulrath
Award. He is a Fellow of ACerS, ASM
International and the American Institute
for Medical & Biological Engineering.
Karl Schwartzwalder-Professional
Achievement in Ceramic Engineering
Award, an ACerS/NICE award, recognizes an outstanding young ceramic
engineer whose achievements have been
significant to the profession and to the general welfare of the American people.
Kevin M. Fox is a senior
scientist and acting manager in the Environmental
Management Directorate
of Savannah River
National Laboratory in
Fox
Aiken, S.C. He is also an
adjunct professor at Clemson
University in the Department of
Materials Science and Engineering.
Fox’s current research focus is on
the development of innovative compositions for the immobilization of
high-level nuclear wastes in glass as
well as ceramic waste forms for the safe
disposition of byproducts from commercial nuclear fuel recycling. He has a
background in structure/property relationships in ceramic materials, with a
focus on high-temperature deformation
of ceramic composites and advanced
microstructural characterization.
He is chair of the ACerS Nuclear and
Environmental Technology Division,
president of the Ceramic Educational
Council and treasurer of the Keramos
National Board of Directors.
Richard and Patricia Spriggs Phase
Equilibria Award, to honor the author or
authors who made the most valuable contribution to phase stability relationships in
ceramic-based systems literature in 2011.
The award winning paper is “Phase
Equilibria in Synthetic Coal–Petcoke
Slags (Al2O3–CaO–FeO–SiO2–
V2O3) under Simulated Gasification
Conditions,” J. Nakano, K-S. Kwong,
J. Bennett, T. Lam, L. Fernández, P.
Komolwit and S. Sridhar, Energy &
Fuels, 25 [7] 3298–306 (2011).
22
Bennett
Díaz
James P. Bennett is
research program lead at
the National Energy
Technology Laboratory,
US Department of Energy
in Albany, Ore.
Laura María Fernández
Díaz is a senior applications engineer at FEI
Electron Optics
International BV in
Eindhoven, NoordBrabant, The Netherlands.
Piyamanee Komolwit
joined Kennametal Inc. in
Latrobe, Pa., as a senior
engineer in the Surface
Technology group.
Komolwit
Kwong
Kyei-Sing Kwong, a
materials engineer, works
for the National Energy
in Albany, Ore.
Thomas Lam is a Center
for Nanoscale Science
and Technology postdoctoral researcher in the
Nanofabrication Research
Group at the National
Lam
Institute of Standards and
Technology in Gaithersburg, Md.
Nakano
Jinichiro Nakano works
at the National Energy
in Albany, Ore., as principal research scientist.
Sridhar Seetharaman is
the POSCO Professor of
Steelmaking at Carnegie
Mellon University in
Pittsburgh, Pa., and the
Seetharaman codirector of the IndustryUniversity Consortium,
The Center for Iron and Steelmaking
Research.
Corporate Environmental
Achievement Award, to recognize
and honor an outstanding environmental
achievement made by an ACerS corporate
member in the field of ceramics.
Morgan Technical Ceramics – Wesgo,
Hayward, Calif., manufacturing site
is awarded the ACerS Corporate
Environmental Achievement Award
for developing a zero-discharge metal
process that significantly reduced
environmental impacts by reducing
waste effluent discharges. The site
also is singled out for implementing
other waste reduction, recycling and
pollution-prevention initiatives. The
facility’s zero-discharge metal-plating
process reduces the amount of water
discharged to the city’s overburdened
sanitary sewer system. Process water
from production equipment, such as
spray dryers and vibratory mills, is treated by electrocoagulation and used as
make-up water in the cooling tower for
ceramic manufacturing. Only a small
amount of sanitary water is not reused.
In addition to reducing the amount of
water discharged to sewers, recycling
the water to the cooling tower reduced
water usage by at least 150,000 gallons
per year, a considerable cost saving for
the company.
Along with the zero-discharge metalprocessing process, the site’s cardboard,
plastic and precious-metal recycling
program has been especially effective.
In 2010, the company recycled more
than 46 metric tons of cardboard. In
addition, 0.44 metric tons of precious
and base metals, including gold, silver,
platinum, titanium and copper, were
recovered from the braze alloy manufacturing line and sent out to refiners
for recycling.
ACerS Award Lectures and Symposium
Frontiers of Science & Society—
Rustum Roy Lecture
Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture
Sunday, Oct. 7, 2012, 5:00 p.m.
Zhong Lin Wang
Kennette Benedict
Nanogenerators and piezotronics—From basic science
to novel applications
Dilemmas of nuclear materials and technology: From
Los Alamos to Natanz
Abstract: The unleashing of atomic energy has
brought peril and prosperity to human societies.
In the form of nuclear weapons, governments
have acquired the capacity to destroy civilization, On the other hand, in the form of electricity-generating plants, nuclear energy can power
Benedict
economies without emitting climate changingcarbon dioxide. Of course, many technologies can be used
for military and for civilian purposes. Nuclear technology and
material, however, is the most destructive on Earth and has
presented scientists, engineers and policy leaders with grave
and difficult choices over the past 70 years. The talk will focus
on the dilemmas posed by nuclear technology and materials,
reviewing the history of their development, the paths taken
and the consequences for science and global security.
Kennette Benedict is executive director of the Bulletin
of the Atomic Scientists, a position she assumed in 2005.
Benedict revitalized the Bulletin by reconnecting the organization to science, technology and policy researchers as authors
and board members, forming a partnership with the University
of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy and shifting to an
all-digital format now published by SAGE Publications. The
changes increased the visibility of the Bulletin’s Doomsday
Clock to inform a worldwide audience about the dangers of
nuclear weapons, climate change and emerging technologies in the life sciences. Benedict has appeared on or been
quoted by many news outlets. She writes a monthly column for
the Bulletin and teaches at the Harris School of Public Policy,
where she is a Senior Fellow at the Energy Policy Institute.
Before joining the Bulletin, Benedict was director of international peace and security at the John D. and Catherine T.
MacArthur Foundation, where she served as senior advisor
to the president. She was responsible for grant making on
issues of international peace and security, including support
for efforts to reduce the threat from weapons of mass destruction, and an initiative on science, technology, and security.
While serving as director, she established and directed the
foundation’s initiative in the former Soviet Union from 19922002. She has taught at Rutgers University, the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Northwestern University
and the University of Chicago. She has published articles
on global governance, nuclear security and violent conflict.
Benedict currently serves on the Ploughshares Fund Board of
Trustees, Advisory Council of the Stanley Foundation, Board
of Directors of Physicians for Social Responsibility, Board of
Trustees of Oberlin College, Compton Foundation and Peace
and Security Funders Group. She is a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations, Chicago Council on Global Affairs and
International Institute of Strategic Studies. She earned her
AB from Oberlin College and a PhD in political science from
Stanford University.
Tuesday, Oct. 9, 2012, 1:00 p.m.
Abstract: Developing wireless nanodevices of
critical importance for sensing, environmental
monitoring, defense and personal electronics. It
is desirable for wireless devices to be self-powered, otherwise, most sensors may be impossible. The piezoelectric nanogenerators we have
Wang
developed might serve as self-sufficient power
sources for micro/nanosystems. For wurtzite structures that
have noncentral symmetry, a piezoelectric potential is created
in the crystal by applying a strain. The nanogenerator uses the
piezopotential as the driving force for electrons to flow in
response to a dynamic straining of piezoelectric nanowires. A
gentle strain produces an output voltage of 20–40 volts from
an integrated nanogenerator. Piezo-potential in wurtzite can
serve as a “gate” voltage that can control the charge transport
across an interface/junction. These electronics are called piezotronics, with applications in force/pressure triggered/controlled electronic devices, sensors, logic units and memory. We
show that the optoelectronic devices fabricated using wurtzite
have superior performance as solar cells, photon detectors
and LED. Piezotronics may serve as a “mechanosensation” for
interfacing biomechanical action with silicon-based technology
and active flexible electronics. This lecture will focus on science and applications of nanogenerators and piezotronics.
Zhong Lin (Z.L.) Wang is the Hightower Chair in Materials
Science and Engineering, Regents’ Professor, Engineering
Distinguished Professor and Director, Center for Nanostructure
Characterization, Georgia Institute of Technology. Wang’s
research includes synthesis, discovery, characterization and
understanding of physical properties of oxide nanobelts and
nanowires as well as applications of nanowires in energy sciences, electronics, optoelectronics and biological science. His
discoveries have contributed to developing nanogenerators for
harvesting mechanical energy from the environment and biological systems for powering personal electronics. His research
on self-powered nanosystems has led to study of energy for
micro/nanosystems, a discipline in energy research and sensor
networks. He pioneered piezotronics and piezo-phototronics
by introducing the piezoelectric potential gated charge transport process in fabricating new electronic and optoelectronic
devices. This breakthrough, by redesigning the CMOS transistor, has applications in smart MEMS/NEMS, nanorobotics,
human–electronics interface and sensors. Wang’s publications
have been cited more than 48,000 times.
Wang was elected as a Foreign Member of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences and Member of the European Academy
of Sciences. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society,
AAAS, Materials Research Society, Microscopy Society of
America and World Innovation Foundation. He is an honorary
professor at many universities in China and Europe. He received
the MRS Medal from the Materials Research Society, Burton
Medal from Microscopy Society of America, S.T. Li prize for
Outstanding Contribution in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
and Purdy Award from ACerS. Wang earned his PhD from
Arizona State University in transmission electron microscopy.
23
ACerS Award Lectures and Symposium
ACerS/NICE Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic
Engineering Tutorial and Lecture
Basic Science Division Robert B. Sosman
Award and Lecture
Manoj Choudhary
Dawn Bonnell
Modeling of transport phenomena in the glass industry:
Some illustrations
Local interactions and consequent properties of oxide
surfaces and interfaces: Lessons learned from SPM
Abstract: This lecture illustrates process and
product design and engineering in the glass
industry through mathematical modeling of
macroscopic transport phenomena. It reviews
the principles and practices of numerical simulation of mass, momentum and heat transfer in
Choudhary
glassmaking processes and products with a
focus on fiberglass. The processes considered are those of
glass melting and forming. The products illustrated include
fiberglass insulation for innovative applications.
Glass manufacturing involves various phenomena, including melting and dissolution of raw materials, viscous flow
of the melt in furnaces, turbulent flow associated with fossil fuel combustion and non-Newtonian flow in forming of
glass objects. Other phenomena include electric heating and
homogenization of melt. Further, glass is a participating medium for radiation heat transfer. We review physics and equations that describe these phenomena and the relationships
for relevant material properties. This is followed by numerical
techniques used to solve transport equations boundary conditions. We then discuss results to illustrate the application
of modeling for process design and engineering and product
development. We review areas needing to further enhance
the utility of mathematical modeling in the glass industry.
Manoj Choudhary is a senior technical staff member
at the Owens Corning Science & Technology Center in
Granville, Ohio. He obtained his doctorate in materials science and engineering from MIT, where he received the Falih
N. Darmara Award for excellence in academic performance,
research and extracurricular activities. He earned his MS
in chemical engineering from State University of New York,
Buffalo, and B.Tech. in chemical engineering from the Indian
Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. At IIT he was awarded the
Professor S.K. Nandi Gold Medal.
After postdoctoral research at MIT, Choudhary joined
Owens Corning in 1982. He researched process and product
development and computational fluid dynamics across a broad
range of glass-fiber- and polymeric-materials-based processes
and products. His contributions led to many developments
in glass melting and polymeric extrusion and development of
fiberglass and extruded polystyrene foam insulation products.
Choudhary’s achievements have been recognized by
numerous awards, including Best Paper Award from the
Glass Industry Committee of IEEE, Glass Service International
Modeling Award. He was awarded several Owens Corning’s
highest technical achievement awards, the Slayter Award
and “Vision to Reality” Award. He is a Fellow of the Society
of Glass Technology and ACerS. He is past president/
chair of the Center for Glass Research at Alfred University,
Glass Manufacturing Industry Council and Glass and Optical
Materials Division of ACerS. He is vice president of the
International Commission on Glass. He is a Foreign Member
of the Czech Glass Society, an associate editor of the
International Journal of Applied Glass Science and an Ohio
registered professional engineer.
Abstract: In applications as diverse as dyesensitized solar cells, chemical catalysis, fuel
cells and biomedical sensors, and in processes ranging from grain growth to molecular
adsorption, to electronic transport, local interactions at interfaces dictate behavior. The abiliBonnell
ty to probe structure and properties by scanning probe microscopy with increasing spatial resolution is
advancing understanding of fundamental interactions in
these systems. This talk will present a recently developed
understanding of polarization-dependent molecular interactions on ferroelectric surfaces against the background of the
behavior of the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. Examples
of interface-induced properties at oxide grain boundaries
and interfaces will be shown. Finally, future prospects
enabled by next-generation scanning probes will be summarized.
Dawn Bonnell is a Trustee Professor of Materials Science
at the University of Pennsylvania and the director of the Nano/
Bio Interface Center. She earned her PhD from the University
of Michigan and was a Fulbright scholar to the Max Planck
Institute in Stuttgart, Germany, after which she worked at
IBM Thomas Watson Research Center. She has authored or
coauthored more than 230 papers and edited several books.
Her work has been recognized by the Presidential Young
Investigators Award, the ACerS Ross Coffin Purdy Award,
the Staudinger/Durrer Medal from ETH Zurich, the Heilmeier
Faculty Research Award and several distinguished lectureships.
Bonnell serves on many editorial boards, national and
international advisory committees, is a past president of the
American Vacuum Society, served on the governing board of
the American Institute of Physics and is a past vice president
of The American Ceramic Society. She is a Fellow of The
American Ceramic Society, the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and the AVS. She is the founding
director of the Nano/Bio Interface Center, a cross-disciplinary
organization with an extensive research, education and outreach portfolio. Bonnell’s research group focuses on atomic
processes at surfaces and was the first to image atoms on
oxide surfaces using STM. More recently, her group developed a new paradigm for fabricating nanostructured devices,
ferroelectric nanolithography, and discovered a new mechanism for harvesting light energy. An additional outcome of
this research program has been the invention of new probes
that reveal the behavior of small structures.
Tuesday, Oct. 9, 2012, 8:00 a.m.
24
Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, 1:00 p.m.
Richard M. Fulrath Symposium and Awards
To promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists.
Monday, Oct. 8, 2012, 2:00 p.m.
Ram Devanathan
“Ionic conductivity and radiation tolerance of rareearth compounds”
Devanathan is a senior scientist in the Chemical &
Devanathan Materials Sciences Division at the Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory. His research interests include
ceramics for energy conversion and storage, nuclear waste
forms and nuclear fuels. His work integrates computer simulations starting at the atomic level with experimental observations.
Elizabeth Dickey
“Point defect dynamics in metal oxides”
Dickey is a professor and director of graduate programs in the Department of Materials Science and
Engineering at North Carolina State University. Her
Dickey
research programs focus on understanding microstructural and interfacial phenomena in ceramics for dielectric,
electronic and high-temperature applications.
Japan. His research interests include development of highperformance AlN ceramics, AlN powder and their applications.
Kiyoshi Shimamura
“Novel single crystals for optical applications”
Shimamura is group leader of the Optical Single
Crystals Group at the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan. A crystal chemist, Shimamura
Shimamura
previously worked for the Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, as a research associate at Waseda
University and as an associate professor.
Toshimasa Suzuki
“Thin-film ferroelectric materials for decoupling and
tunable capacitors”
Suzuki is a manager in the Materials R&D Department of the R&D Laboratory at Taiyo Yuden Corp. in
Suzuki
Japan. He developed thin-film ferroelectric materials
and capacitors. His current research interests focus on solidstate electrochemical devices.
Yukihiro Kanechika
“Research and development of high-performance
AlN ceramics”
Kanechika is a manager in the Specialty Products
Development Department of Tokuyama Corp. in
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Figure 1 Diabetic patients
may one day be able to
monitor their glucose levels
by blowing into a breathalyzer
instead of pricking their fingers.
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(Credit: Rawson; TPCC)
bulletin
Nanoceramic
sensors for
medical
applications
C
eramics do not often bring biosensors to mind. It is even less
common to associate this class of materials
with medical diagnostics. Despite the counterintuitive connection of ceramic materials
to disease detection, the future of personalized medicine may go hand in hand with the
development of nanoceramic sensors.
This article presents an overview of recent advances in the
development of ceramic nanosensors to identify disease markers arising from nanoscale synthesis of novel polymorphs of
metal oxides, the fabrication of one-dimensional nanoceramics
and their emergence as viable solutions for noninvasive medical diagnostics. The development of diagnostic breathalyzers
(Figure 1) illustrates the potential of nanoceramic sensors.
Breath gases as disease markers
By Perena Gouma
Metastable polymorphs of metal oxide
nanowires detect disease-marker gases in
exhaled breath, such as acetone for diabetes, ammonia for renal disease and nitric
oxide for asthma.
26
Antiquity’s first known physician, Hippocrates of Cos
(460–370 BC), smelled his patients’ breath to diagnose disease and recommend the appropriate remedy (Figure 2).1
Some medical terms coined then survive today, such as “fetor
hepaticus,” which describes the sweet, ketone- and ammoniarich scent that indicates the late stages of liver failure. Yet,
breath analysis as a noninvasive means of disease detection is
not common practice among physicians nor is it available to
the general population. Ceramic sensor nanotechnology and
nanomedicine are, however, capable of making breath-based
diagnostics the personalized medicine tool of the future.2
Exhaled human breath is a mixture of N2, O2, CO2, H2O,
inert gases and hundreds of other trace gases.3–5 The latter include inorganic molecules, such as NO, NH3, CO and
volatile organic compounds, such as acetone, ethane and
isoprene. Concentrations range from parts-per-billion to partsper-million. The composition of breath may vary significantly
from person to person, qualitatively and quantitatively, particularly with respect to trace-gas concentrations. VOCs are
(Credit: Gouma, SUNY Stony Brook)
products of core metabolic processes,
while inorganic molecules are related
to other health conditions and can be
indicators of a potential disease, recent
exposure to a drug or an environmental
pollutant. Therefore, an abnormally
high or low measured concentration of
certain breath gases, so-called biomarkers, potentially could provide clues for
diagnosing corresponding diseases.
The first breath-testing devices
appeared in 1784, when Lavoisier
detected CO in the exhaled breath of
guinea pigs.1 Since then, colorimetric
assays and gas chromatography columns have been used to detect VOCs
in human breath in quantities varying
from millimolar to picomolar concentrations (which translate to ppm and
ppb when multiplied by the molecular
weight of the analyte of interest).3 The
latter gas-sensitivity limit was achieved
in 1971 by the famous chemist Linus
Pauling’s gas-chromatography-based
breath analysis device.6
It appears that about a thousand
compounds comprise human breath,
but only 30 have been identified so far.
Most of them are potential indicators
of more than one type of disease. For
example, breath VOCs can provide
new markers of oxidative stress conditions.7 VOCs in exhaled breath can
be used to study the mechanisms of
human metabolism fast and efficiently,
thus enabling the early identification of
diseases that cause oxidative stress, such
as asthma or lung cancer. In today’s
clinical practice, there are only invasive
procedures, such as fiber-optic bronchial biopsies, for lung disease detection.8
However, noninvasive monitoring can
assist in differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, assessment of disease
severity and response to treatment.
NO and its related products NO2–
and NO3– are widely studied biomarkers
for inflammation and oxidative stress in
the lungs.9 Exhaled CO also is a marker
for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
nephritis and bilirubin production.9
Exhaled hydrocarbons of low molecular
mass—such as isoprene, which is affected by diet and is a marker for blood
cholesterol levels10—also are important
biomarkers. Acetone concentration in
Figure 2 The time has come for breath-analysis-based diagnostic tools.
based resistive gas sensor technology—
exhaled breath correlates better with
which keeps the cost low. What would
insulin levels in the body than does
it take to produce similar devices to
glucose.11 Therefore, it can be usedetect disease or metabolic malfunction
ful to diabetics for controlling their
markers? What are the technological
insulin intake. Ammonia and amines
limitations to diagnostic breath analyzmay detect H-pylori and renal diseases
online and noninvasively. Quantitative ers?
To date, only
medical diagnostics
a
few
types of
requires simultane“If the medical evidence that
human breath
ous monitoring
correlates gaseous species
tests have been
of multiple gases
in exhaled breath to diseases applied successbecause markers
fully in clinical
are affected differis available and convincing,
diagnosis. In 2003,
ently in different
what is there to impede the
the Food and Drug
diseases.12
development and use of breath Administration
cleared the first
Capturing and
analysis-based disease
noninvasive test
analyzing
detectors?”
system based on
breath
chemiluminesWith so many
cence
analyzers—the
NIOX Nitric
gaseous compounds exhaled in trace
15
Oxide
Test
System,
by
Aerocrine
concentrations with each breath, samAB
(Solna,
Sweden)—to
measure the
pling issues become predominant. So,
NO
levels
in
exhaled
human
breath.
what does it take to capture and analyze
13
The
system
was
intended
for
hospital
breath? Obviously, a breathalyzer.
use because the device, which collects
Breathalyzers bring to mind the
a single-breath sample, has to be conbreath alcohol content detectors used
nected to a special computer system
by law enforcement officers to screen
that performs and displays the results.
drunk drivers for breath alcohol level.
The Sievers Nitric Oxide Analyzer
The most inexpensive of these devices
(NOA 280i) by GE Analytical
sells for about $20. They are small
Instruments16 is another desktop device
(handheld) and easy to use (Figure
that measures NO concentrations in
3).14 They use a semiconducting metal
exhaled human breath and liquids. It is
oxide—typically nonselective SnO2used mainly as a research tool.
27
Figure 3 Prototype of an acetone breathalyzer for
monitoring diabetes and diet control. The circuitry of
the “black box” is shown in Figure 1. Inset: A keyring
version of a commercial alcohol breathalyzer shows the
potential for affordable, portable diagnostics tools.
There are some drawbacks to existing breath analysis instruments. They
tend to be bulky and costly, may require
large sampling volumes (e.g., NO
chemiluminescence-based analysis) or
may require “unhealthy” receptors to be
consumed by the patient prior to testing (e.g., the radioactive-carbon-labeled
urea consumed in H-pylori breath testing).17 Although optical detectors have
been developed that could monitor the
presence of a specific compound (selective ethane detection18), they are too
costly to become over-the-counter personalized medical tools.
Detecting one in a billion: Singlecrystal nanowires with extreme
gas sensitivity
Detecting and discriminating among
signaling metabolites—disease markers—in a complex fluid, such as exhaled
breath, and measuring them in trace
concentrations is not a trivial problem.
The trace concentration of important biomarkers requires that a single
molecule of the target gas be detected
from among a billion exhaled breath
28
developed a novel, single-step
approach to synthesize single-crystal,
one-dimensional nanowires of binary
metal oxide.21 A noncatalytic, bottomup electrospinning process is used to
produce nanofibrous mats of polymer–
oxide composite.22 The as-spun mats
are calcined, which converts them to
pure oxide nanowires with no trace
of residual organic material (Figure
5). The nanowires are continuous,
extremely high-aspect-ratio single
crystals, with nanoscale diameters and
lengths ranging from millimeters to
meters. (The mechanism that allows
nanofibers to grow with this morphology and structure is an item for ongoing
investigation.) It is this single-crystal,
extremely high-aspect-ratio structure
and morphology that enable the detection of trace gas concentrations.
Examples of such materials are
α-MoO3, which is selective for NH3
(Figure 6), and ε-WO3, which is selective for acetone (Figure 4). The sensitivity of nanowire mats of α-MoO3 to
NH3 is orders of magnitude greater than
that achieved by a thin, polycrystalline
film of equiaxed nanoparticles of the
same diameter as the nanowires,21 thus
validating the proof of concept.
Our group built prototype single-gas
sensors for NO,23 NH324 and acetone.25
gas molecules (Figure 4). This is really
“a needle in a haystack problem” and
the reason that the lowest detection
limit of a gas sensor is very important.
Nanotechnology offers a solution to
increase the sensor
sensitivity without losing selectivity: singlecrystal nanowires.
Sensor selectivity is defined here as
higher sensitivity to
a given gas or class of
gases in the presence
of interfering gaseous
species. The key is to
control the polymorphic microstructure of
nanocrystalline metal
oxide and the operating temperature of
the sensor so as to use Figure 4 To be effective as a breathalyzer, the functional
polymorph phases that material must be sensitive, respond quickly and give repeatable results. This plot shows that the response of ε-WO3
are sensitive only to a
specific class of analytes nanoparticles to acetone is sensitive enough to detect it
in the amounts that it is exhaled in human breath. The
or to a specific single
response is stable over time (note the constant baseline
species.19,20
resistance of about 15 megaohms) and repeatable. The
Our group has
response time is quick, less than 30 seconds.
Nanoceramic Sensors for Medical Applications
(Credit: Gouma, SUNY Stony Brook.)
(a)
(b)
Figure 5 Electrospinning produces nanofibrous mats of polymer–oxide composite (a),
which are converted to pure oxide nanowires (b) by calcining.
Nanoceramic sensors
Ceramic gas sensor technology
has been used widely since Taguchi3
devised the first commercial resistive
sensor in 1968. These types of chemosensors have progressed considerably,
primarily because of their low cost.
Metal oxide-based ceramics are used as
CO detectors, oxygen sensors and alcohol breathalyzers. Resistive chemosensing is based on the property whereby
the electrical resistance of the metal
oxide changes because of an interaction
(adsorption of, reaction with, etc.) with
a gaseous chemical. The magnitude of
the change correlates to the relative
concentration of the target analyte.
Because these sensing materials
(SnO2, TiO2, WO3) are semiconducting, the sensing action mostly occurs
at elevated temperatures, typically
between 100°C and 400°C (Figure 7).
Depending on whether the semiconducting metal oxide is n-type
Figure 6 Response of an NH3 selective sensor based
on nanostructured α-MoO3 to 500 ppm gas pulses.
The sensor detects ammonia down to 50 parts per
billion, which makes it suitable for breath NH3 detection. Carrier gas is 10 percent O2, balance N2.
These prototypes demonstrate a feasible
and affordable solution to this problem
that results from the selective gas detection offered by binary metal oxide with
controlled polymorphic structure. (The
concept was extended to the detection
of multiple biomarkers by sensor arrays
through temperature control of a simple
metal oxide thin-film-based gas-sensing
element.26)
or p-type and whether the gas detected
is oxidizing or reducing, the electrical
resistance of the sensor may increase
or decrease with respect to its value in
air in the absence of the gas, that is,
its baseline resistance. Although this
description of resistive chemosensors
typically accounts for nonselective gas
detection, gas–oxide interactions are
not as random as might be inferred
from this explanation.
A crystallochemical approach has
led to the discovery and development
of chemosensing metal oxides.4,5 Our
group gained insights from the field of
heterogeneous catalysis, where metal
oxide catalysts are responsible for selective oxidation or selective reduction
processes involving gaseous chemicals.
We also gained a better understanding of the importance of the crystal
structure of a metal oxide sensor and
the atom arrangements on the surfaces
exposed to the gas in achieving gas
selectivity and specificity.
We recognize that the polymorphic
nature of metal oxides effectively allows
a single binary oxide to be present as
many different materials of identical
composition, but with distinct properties. Therefore, we can take advantage
of a “toolbox” of novel sensor materials.
Finally, the spectrum of the oxide polymorphs available for use in selective
Figure 7 Principle of resistive chemosensing for a n-type metal oxide.
The resistance changes in the presence of chemical species. In this
case, the left side shows the response to an oxidizing gas and the
right shows the response of the sensor to a reducing gas. However,
sensors can be made such that they are selective for specific species
by controlling the crystal structure of the metal oxide.
29
Group B: oxides with the REO3
structure (cubic/perovskite);
WO3, b-MoO3
Group C: oxides with a weakly
bonded layered structure;
a-MoO3, h-WO3
Reducing gases:
Type I gases: CO and volatile
organic compounds
Type II gases: includes NH3
and amines
Oxidizing gases:
Type III gases: O2, NO/NO2
Figure 8 Semiempirical gas–oxide selection map. Note that the polymorph of a compound determines whether it is a Group A, B or C sensor.
chemosensing is expanded by the availability of nanoscale synthesis methods
(such as sol–gel chemistry) and nanomanufacturing processes (such as flame
spray pyrolysis and electrospinning).
Gas selection maps
We obtained the first evidence of
selective gas sensing by a metal oxide
during previous attempts in our lab to
develop an NH3 sensor for detecting
urea in a selective catalytic reduction
system (Figure 6). The α-phase of
MoO3 showed a strong affinity for NH3
that was not expected based on what
was published before in the literature
for this oxide system. Several publications27–29 have discussed the nature of
NH3 selectivity of the orthorhombic
polymorph of MoO3.
Previous researchers did not address
the structural characteristics of their
MoO3-based sensors. For example, when
only the monoclinic β-MoO3 is used
for gas sensing, it shows no sensitivity
to NH3. However, it is very selective
for NO. Unfortunately, a mixture of
α-MoO3 and β-MoO3 is selective for
neither NH3 nor NO.
The relative phase content is a function of how the materials are synthesized. The operating temperature of the
sensor explains the discrepancy among
published reports in the literature as well
as the prevalent notion that metal oxide
gas sensors have overlapping selectivi†
ties with respect to their gas response.
The reality is that even a stoichiometric
oxide of the simplest composition is
not a simple material but rather it may
behave similar to a composite.
In our research, we produced semiempirical maps relating common structures of metal oxides (as opposed to
their compositions) to their affinity for
specific chemicals or classes of chemicals (Figure 8). For example, all stoichiometric cubic-REO3 structures, such
as β-MoO3 and γ-WO3, are expected
to show specificity for oxidizing gases,
such as NO. Based on this principle, we
prepared and evaluated selective NO
nanosensors, that could be effective for
asthma detection by breath analysis.23
Relative stability of polymorphic
nanostructures
Nanotechnology enables the presence of thermodynamically metastable
or unstable ceramic oxide phases at
room temperature and above. The
anatase phase of titania is a prominent
example.30–33 Rutile is the stable form
of titania, and the other polymorphs
(anatase, brookite, etc.) are metastable.
Anatase formation is favored over rutile
in nanostructured titania.†
Anatase converts to rutile at temperatures between 400°C and 1,200°C.
The onset temperature and the rate of
this polymorphic reaction depend on
various parameters, such as grain size,
Group A: oxides with the rutile
structure (tetragonal);
SnO2, CrO2, IrO2, b-MnO2, TiO2
impurities and processing. A decrease
in the average particle/grain size of
anatase from a coarse crystal to a fine
nanocrystal can shift the onset of the
reaction to temperatures closer to the
gas sensor operating temperatures.
Therefore, the issue of relative stability
of anatase and rutile phases is of major
concern for sensing applications using
nanocrystalline titania systems.
WO3 exists as various polymorphs
(Figure 9). Nearly all of them are based
on WO6 octahedron units. In this unit,
one tungsten atom and its six neighboring oxygen atoms form a near-perfect
regular octahedron. Tungsten is located
in the center, and oxygen atoms are
located in the corners. There are at
least seven known polymorphic transformations between 0 K and 1,220 K.34
h-WO3 is a metastable layered-type
hexagonal structure of WO3. Figlarz’s
group35 reported on the synthesis
of this polymorph by the dehydration of a tungsten hydrate compound
(WO3·1/3H2O). Its structure is composed of WO6 octahedral units arranged
in layers normal to the hexagonal
c-axis, forming hexagonal tunnel structures. The h-WO3 polymorph attracted
attention as an electrochromic material,36 suggesting that it might be possible
to produce sensors that change color in
the presence of reducing gases. Because
oxides with open structures present
an ideal configuration for guest–host
reactions, we expected h-WO3 to show
enhanced sensing properties. Tests
using h-WO3 nanopowders confirm that
this is the case.37 Furthermore, in recent
work,38 for the first time, we synthesized
h-WO3 nanowires without catalyst
addition.
Summary
New breath analysis tools based on
metastable metal oxide polymorphs
could change the way diseases are diagnosed and monitored. Pure metal oxide
nanowires are fabricated by electrospinning that are able to select for VOCs
in the parts-per-billion range that are
markers for chronic diseases such as
diabetes, renal failure and asthma.
The implications of ”stabilizing” anatase are reflected in the multibillion-dollar industry developed around anatase-rutile composite nanocatalysts (e.g., Degussa P25).
30
Disease markers in exhaled breath. Edited by
N. Marczin, S.A. Kharitonov, M.H. Yacoub
and P.J. Barnes. Marcel Decker, New York,
2002.
Figure 9 Nanoscale synthesis methods of metal oxides make metastable phases readily available for use in gas sensing. The h-WO3 polymorph has a very open structure,
which allows small molecules to travel through it.
2
P. Gouma, “Interview: Revolutionizing personalized medicine with nanosensor technology,” Pers. Med., 8 [1] 15–16 (2011).
N. Taguchi, “A metal oxide gas sensor,”
Japanese Patent No. 45-38200, 1962.
3
P.I. Gouma, “Nanostructured polymorphic
oxides for advanced chemosensors,” Rev.
Adv. Mater. Sci., 5, 123–38 (2003).
4
P.I. Gouma, “Controlling gas selectivity
through polymorphic selection for metal
oxide chemical detectors,” Chem. Sens., 20,
[Suppl. B] 186–87 (2004).
5
Acknowledgments:
The author thanks Lynette Madsen,
manager of the NSF Ceramics Program.
This work has been supported by NSF
Grants DMR-1106168, DMR-0304169
and DMR-0224642. This article represents the collective effort of the author’s
research group during the past 10 years,
and particular recognition goes to Arun
Prasad, Mallikarjun Karadge, Krithika
Kalyanasundaram, Aisha Bishop and
Lisheng Wang. Our breath gas-sensing
devices became breathalyzers thanks to
the expertise of Milutin Stanacevic of
ECE at SUNY Stony Brook.
About the author:
Perena Gouma is professor of materials science and engineering at the State
University of New York Stony Brook
and director of the CNSD. Contact her
at [email protected].
References:
M. Phillips, “Detection of volatile organic
compounds in breath”; pp. 219–31 in
1
Center for Nanomaterials and Sensor Development
Funding by the Ceramics
Program of the National
Science Foundation in
2002/2003 helped establish
the Center for Nanomaterials
and Sensor Development
(CNSD) directed by the
author, Perena Gouma. The
first invention disclosure
was submitted on her
NH3 sensor technology in
January 2002 for biosensing applications, “such as
Gouma (center) with the CNSD staff.
determining urea levels in
Gouma happily reports that several of the
the body and in monitoring physiological processes
nanoceramic
technologies developed at CNSD are
related to reactions in bacterial infections.”
prototyped (as on/off and as numerical breathalyzSince then, many national and international
ers). They are ready for clinical trials to evaluate their
collaborations with researchers from various
usefulness in clinical applications for asthma, Hdisciplines and diverse institutions (including CFNpylori infection, diabetes (acetone) and blood cholesBrookhaven National Laboratory and Molecular
terol (isoprene) monitoring. Fortunately, the medical
Foundry-LBNL, United States; Sensor Lab-Univerfield is publishing guidelines for interpreting exhaled
sity, Brescia, Italy; Sensor Materials Center-NIMS,
gas levels (e.g., American Thoracic Society’s clinical
Japan; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Budapest,
practice guidelines for exhaled NO levels40) and using
Hungary; ETH Zurich, Switzerland; and UNICAMP,
them to detect diseases, such as asthma.
PUC-Campinas, Brazil) have contributed to
Current efforts at CNSD focus on lung cancer
augmenting Gouma's research at the Center on
detectors
that efficiently discriminate between alkanes
nanoceramics synthesis and characterization.
and alkenes as well as aim at providing a database
The Center published a book documenting its
for tailored ceramic nanostructured oxides targeting
activities during the first five years of operation,
specific gas detection. Gouma says nanoceramic
summarizing its contributions to advancing nanosensors are likely to be among the first nanomedicine
materials science and technology and their use in
applications to get to the market, which she describes
chemical sensing and biotechnology.39
as "a very good thing."
L. Pauling, A.B. Robinson, R. Teranishi
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http://mashable.com/2011/09/07/breathalyzer-medicine/, “Beyond BAC: How the
breathalyzer is poised to revolutionize medical diagnostics.”
13
14
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/18/
health/18brea.html, “Breath analysis no longer just for drunken drivers.”
L. Duckworth, N. Kissoon and K. Sullivan,
15
31
Call for
Contributing
Editors for
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Phase
Equilibria
Diagrams
Program
“Nitric oxide breath analysis: A method
for monitoring inflammation in asthma,”
Jacksonville Medicine, 485–87, Nov. 1999.
http://www.geinstruments.com/productsand-services/nitric-oxide-analyzer
16
http://www.helico.com/pdf/Diagnosis.pdf
The General Editors of the reference
series Phase Equilibria Diagrams are in
need of individuals from the ceramics
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P. I. Gouma and M.J. Mills, “Anatase to
rutile transformation in titania powders,” J.
Am. Ceram. Soc., 84 [3] 619–22 (2001).
30
P.I. Gouma, P.K. Dutta and M.J. Mills,
“Structural stability of titania thin films,”
Nanostruct. Mater., 11 [8] 1231–37 (1999).
17
31
C.S. Patterson, L.C. McMillan, C.
Longbottom, G.M. Gibson, M.J. Padjett and
K.D. Skeldon, “Portable optical spectroscopy of ethane in exhaled breath,” Meas.
Sci. Technol., 18, 1459–64 (2007).
32
18
19
P.I. Gouma, A.K. Prasad and K.K. Iyer,
“Selective nanoprobes for ‘signaling gases’,”
Nanotechnology, 17, S48–S53 (2006).
Professors, Researchers,
Retirees, Post-Docs, and
Graduate Students...
Sensors special issue),” J. Mater. Sci., 38
[21] 4347–52 (2003).
P. Gouma, “Nanostructured oxide-based
selective gas sensor arrays for chemical
monitoring and medical diagnostics in isolated environments,” Habitation J., 10 [2]
99–104 (2005).
20
Sawicka, A.K. Prasad and P.I. Gouma,
“Metal oxide nanowires for use in chemical sensing applications,” Sens. Lett., 3, 1–5
(2005).
21
P. Gouma, K. Kalyanasundaram and A.
Bishop, “Electrospun single-crystal MoO3
nanowires for bio-chem sensing probes,”
J.Mater. Res. (Nanowires . Nanotubes special issue), 21 [11] 2904–10 (2006).
22
P.I Gouma and K. Kalyanasundaram, “A
selective nanosensing probe for nitric oxide,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 244102 (2008).
23
P. Gouma, K. Kalyanasundaram, X. Yun,
M. Stanacevic and L. Wang, “Chemical
sensor and breath analyzer for ammonia
detection in exhaled human breath,” IEEE
Sens. J. (Breath Analysis special issue), 10
[1] 49–53 (2010).
24
L. Wang, K. Kalyanasundaram, M.
Stanacevic and P. Gouma, “Nanosensor
device for breath acetone detection,” Sens.
Lett., 8, 1–4 (2010).
25
P. Gouma, A.K. Prasad and M. Stanacevic,
“Selective nanosensor device for exhaled
breath analysis,” J. Breath Res., 5, 037110
(2011).
26
A.K. Prasad, D. Kubinski and P.I. Gouma,
“Comparison of sol–gel and rf sputtered
MoO3 thin film gas sensors for selective
ammonia detection,” Sens. Actuators B, 9,
25–30 (2003).
27
A.K. Prasad, P.I. Gouma, D.J. Kubinksi,
J.H. Visser, R.E. Soltis and P.J. Schmitz,
“Reactively sputtered MoO3 films for ammonia sensing,” Thin Solid Films, 436, 46–51
(2003).
28
H. Zhang and J.F. Banfield,
“Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior during growth of nanocrystalline aggregates: Insights from TiO2,” J.
Phys. Chem. B., 104, 3481–87 (2000).
M.R. Ranade, A. Navrotsky, H.Z. Zhang,
J.F. Banfield, S.H. Elder, A. Zaban, P.H.
Borse, S.K. Kulasrni, G.S. Doran and H.J.
Whitfield, “Energetics of nanocrystalline
TiO2,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99 [2]
6476–81 (2002).
33
M. Figlarz, “New oxides in the WO3–
MoO3 system,” Prog. Solid State Chem., 19,
1–46 (1989).
34
35
B. Gérard, G. Nowogrocki, J. Guenot and
M. Fitzlarz, “Structural study of a new hexagonal form of tungsten trioxide,” J. Solid
State Chem., 29, 429–34 (1979).
36
I.M. Szilagyi, L.S. Wang, P.I. Gouma,
C. Balazsi, J. Madarasz and G. Pokol,
“Preparation of hexagonal WO3 from hexagonal ammonium tungsten bronze for sensing NH3,” Mater. Res. Bull., 44 [3] 505–508
(2009).
37
L. Wang, “Tailored synthesis and characterization of selective metabolite-detecting
nanoprobes for handheld breath analysis”;
PhD thesis, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony
Brook, N.Y., Dec 2008.
K. (Iyer) Kalyanasundaram, “Biomarker
sensing using nanostructured metal oxide
sensors”; PhD thesis, SUNY Stony Brook,
Stony Brook, N.Y., Dec. 2007.
38
39
P. Gouma, Nanomaterials for chemical
sensors and biotechnology, Pan Stanford
Publishing, Singapore, 2009.
40
R.A. Dweik, P.B. Boggs, S.C. Erzurum,
C.G. Irvin, M.W. Leigh, J.O. Lundberg,
A.-C. Olin, A.L. Plummer, R.D. Taylor, et
al, “An official ATS clinical practice guideline: Interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide
levels (FENO) for clinical applications,” Am.
J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 184, 602–15
(2011). n
A.K. Prasad and P.I. Gouma, “MoO3 and
WO3 based thin film conductimetric sensors
for automotive applications (invited paper,
29
32
(Credit:Consumer Reports.)
Remnants of soda lime silicate
glass cookware failure, from
Consumer Reports testing.
E
Shattering
glass cookware
R.C. Bradt and R.L. Martens
The shattering of glass cookware in household kitchens has been reported in Consumer
Reports articles,1,2 television documentaries,
complaints to the United States Consumer
Products Safety Commission3 and Internet postings.4 This article examines the issue from a
three fold technical perspective: (i) reviewing
the reported scenarios of the incidents, which
are suggestive of thermal stress fracture; (ii)
comparing the thermal shock resistance of
borosilicate glass with soda lime silicate glass;
and (iii) examining new and broken glass cookware. Together, these related perspectives suggest the thermal stresses that develop during
temperature changes are the primary cause of
the explosion-like breakages. The substitution
of higher thermal expansion soda lime silicate
glass for borosilicate glass in the manufacturing
is a contributing factor.
xploding† or shattering glass cookware surfaced as an issue of concern during the past
two decades, and reports of problems have been chronicled in several news stories. Collectively, the accumulated complaints suggest that there may be a fracture
problem with some glass cookware products. However,
none of the coverage has specifically addressed the
scientific aspects of the reported failures. This article
examines the technical aspects of the sudden, explosion-like failure of glass cookware products.
Background
Corning Inc. pioneered the development and market for glass cookware. The
glass cookware products originally manufactured by Corning were made of a
low thermal expansion borosilicate glass eventually marketed as Pyrex.5 (Many
glass scientists also associate the name Pyrex with the original borosilicate glass
products. Even today, Corning still produces high-quality borosilicate laboratory
glassware under the name and trademark of Pyrex.)
The original Pyrex cookware was promoted as “oven to icebox” or “icebox to oven” cookware,6 presumably because the low coefficient of thermal
expansion of the borosilicate glass made it highly resistant to the thermal
stresses that develop during these types of temperature changes.
Corning retains the Pyrex registered trademark, but, in 1994, the company
began licensing other companies to manufacture products under the Pyrex brand
(see “From battery jars to kitchens: A short history of glass cookware,” page 35).
Today, the Pyrex brand is manufactured for consumer markets in the US, North
America, South America and Asia by World Kitchens LLC (Rosemont, Ill.)7
under a license from Corning. A separate company, Arc International (Arques,
France),8 manufactures and markets Pyrex brand cookware for the European,
Middle East and African consumer markets. Independently, the Anchor
Hocking Glass Company9 (Lancaster, Ohio) makes its own line of glass cookware, and has been doing so for many decades under its own brand names.
Compositions of glass cookware
According to the World Kitchens website,10 Corning changed to a soda
lime silicate composition for the glass cookware, and this is the Pyrex tech†
Exploding and shattering have been applied interchangeably in reports describing cookware fractures
because of accounts of glass shards being propelled for some distance.1–4 The term “explosion” as
applied here is not the same as the pressure explosion of a carbonated beverage container.
33
Figure 1. An Arc International label for its Pyrex glass cookware
products, from cookware purchased in Europe.
nology that World Kitchens (then Borden) bought from
Corning in 1998. World Kitchens acknowledges that the
glass cookware it markets under the Pyrex brand name is
made from a soda lime silicate glass composition.
On its own, Anchor Hocking developed a “me too” line of
cookware that also is based on a soda lime silicate glass.
These soda lime silicate glass cookware products appear
to be commercial successes. However, they are not made of
a low thermal expansion, thermal stress resistant borosilicate
glass as originally developed by Corning.
Arc International produces a line of glass cookware products. These are of a borosilicate glass composition, which
it markets with the phrase “Authentic Pyrex” on the label
(Figure 1). † †
The three companies that currently manufacture glass
cookware—World Kitchens, Anchor Hocking and Arc
International—use different silicate glass chemistry formulations. The authors confirmed this by examining the glass
chemistry formulations used in the products from each of the
three companies using energy dispersive spectroscopy on a
FEI Quanta 200 3D scanning electron microscope equipped
with an X-ray analyzer Model Apollo XVF from EDAX. The
Arc International cookware was determined to be a borosilicate glass with a distinctive, readily identifiable boron
peak. It evidently is the original Corning Pyrex composition.5
The tests confirmed, as expected, that neither the World
Kitchens nor the Anchor Hocking products are borosilicate
glasses, but are soda lime silicate glasses of slightly different
compositions. The chemical spectra clearly show the boron
peak in the Arc International glassware, but the World
Kitchens and Anchor Hocking glassware are free of boron.
They are distinguishable by their calcium and magnesium
peaks.
Indications of thermal stress fracture of glass
cookware
Before going further, two things should be noted. First,
the manufacturers of soda lime silicate glass cookware claim
that it has superior mechanical strength and is less likely to
fracture on impact, for example by dropping it, a not unreasonable concern in kitchen settings. Second, because of the
††
The authors were not able to find any reports of Arc International Pyrex cookware
failing in an explosive manner.
34
extensive handling of glass cookware, it is expected that
surfaces will become damaged or scratched over time. With
these provisos noted, the focus of the authors has been to
isolate the effects resulting from thermal stress. What follows
below focuses only on the thermal shock properties of the
two glass types.
Generally speaking, thermal stress fracture of glass is not
an uncommon event. For example, impingement of bright
sunlight on a portion of large windows can cause them to
crack from the shady cold edge, and cold water splashing on
hot glass marine light covers frequently fractures them. Much
is known and understood about thermal stresses and thermal
shock fracture.11 The nature of the published reports of the
shattering incidents with the soda lime silicate glass cookware suggests a thorough consideration of thermal stresses
because the failure incidents are often associated with significant temperature changes.1–4
The documented and reported glass cookware incidents1–4
suggest that the thermal stress resistance of present day
soda lime silicate glass cookware is less than that of lowexpansion borosilicate glass, such as the original Pyrex. For
example, some of
the glass cookware
items have been
reported to fracture immediately
on a change in
temperature, while
other cookware
fractures occur during a short time
after removing the
cookware with
its contents from
a hot oven. (See
Consumer Reports
example, Figure 2.)
Fractures that occur
at a time interval
after a temperature
change, such as
after removal of the
cookware from a
hot oven, are characteristic of thermal stress failures.
However, there
also are reports of
failure while the
cookware with its
contents is inside
Figure 2. Heat test: Frames from video
the oven. These
of tests conducted by Consumer Reports1
thermal gradients
shows bakeware made of soda lime silimay have differcate glass shattering after being heated in
ent origins, such
a 450°F degree oven and placed on a wet
as might develop
countertop.
(Credit: Consumers Union.)
if frozen contents are placed in the cookware before being
inserted into a hot oven.
As described in Introduction to Ceramics, by Kingery, Bowen
and Uhlmann,12 delayed thermal stress fractures will often
occur after temperature changes. This is because the maximum thermal stress is achieved only as a temperature gradient
develops after the temperature change. That delay time for
thermal stress fracture depends on the heat transfer conditions
of the cookware and the heat capacity of the contents within.
For example, preparing a roast, a chicken or a ham in a glass
cookware dish would each have different heat capacities and
present different heat transfer conditions, and the cooking
temperatures of their surroundings would be different as well.
Therefore, time delay intervals to fracture are expected to
vary. The reports that the soda lime silicate glass cookware
experiences these delayed shattering fractures suggests that
the thermal stresses that develop exceed its strength.
The time dependence of thermal stresses is a function of
the heat transfer conditions during the temperature change.
These factors determine the magnitude of the temperature
From battery jars to kitchens: A short history of
glass cookware
Today, glass cookware is found in virtually every household
kitchen, giving the impression that it has been around a very
long time. Many older consumers still associate the Pyrex brand
with the Corning company, and most consumers are unaware
that the manufacturers of Pyrex and the glass formulation have
changed over several decades.
Glass cookware is a commercial product of the early 20th
Century. Present-day glass cookware appears to have originated
from research at what was then known as the Corning Glass
Works to improve the thermal shock resistance of battery jars.
Corning developed a low-thermal-expansion borosilicate glass
that vastly improved the longevity of the battery jar glasses by
reducing their thermal shock fracture in service.6
It is an interesting scenario how this glass found its way into
household kitchens.6 During the research studies, one of the
Corning scientists, Jesse Littleton, took the bottoms of several
of Corning’s borosilicate glass jars home for his wife to bake her
pies. Her successful culinary endeavors led to the development
of a line of cookware and laboratory glassware by Corning that
became known as Pyrex.
It was initially called “Py-right,” with an obvious “pie” to
“py” phonetic association. The glass, itself, was originally called
Nonex (NON-EXpanding). This glass appears to have evolved into
the famous low-expansion Corning 7740 (tradename Pyrex)5 and
other Corning borosilicate glasses.
In 1997, the company sold its consumer products business,
including Pyrex-branded consumer products, to Borden Inc. (now
KKR Borden), which changed its name to World Kitchens in 2006.
Corning still owns the Pryex trademark, and it still manufactures Pyrex-branded high-quality laboratory borosilicate glassware. However, most glass cookware in the United States is not
the same borosilicate composition as the original Corning Pyrex.
gradients and cause the thermal stresses. For example, transferring a hot dish containing a roast directly from the oven
to a cold wet stone countertop would be a much more severe
thermal shock than putting the same dish on an insulating
pad surface.
Because it is impossible to consider all of the possible
variations that might occur in household kitchens, a simple,
linear elastic approach to a sudden temperature change is
applied to estimate and compare the thermal stress resistance
of the two glasses.
As noted in Kingery, Bowen and Uhlmann,12 the simple
formula for the fully restrained development of a linear elastic thermal stress, σts, from temperature change is
σts = αE∆T
(1)
where α is the coefficient of thermal expansion, E the elastic
modulus and ∆T the temperature differential over which the
thermal stress or thermal expansion restraint is generated.
The ∆T may occur during either heating or cooling. Note
that this simple estimate does not include the heat transfer
factors, nor time factors, nor does it account for the size and
shape of the glass cookware pieces in question. Equation (1)
is applicable to an instantaneous, rapid temperature change.
To compare the thermal shock fracture resistance of borosilicate and soda lime silicate glasses, Equation (1) is rearranged to express the ∆T values required to achieve fracture
by the thermal stresses generated in the glass cookware during a temperature change. These ∆T values can be compared
with typical cooking temperatures and other temperature
changes that are regularly encountered in a household kitchen. Equating σts to the fracture stress of the glass, σf , then
rearranging Equation (1) yields
∆T = σf /αE
(2)
where the thermal stress, σts, is now σf, the failure strength of
the glass object.
A typically used benchmark value for glass strength, as
noted by Mould13 and also by Kurkjian14 is about 5,000
pounds per square inch (about 30 megapascals). The elastic
moduli of the two glasses are slightly different, but similar—
about 10,200,000 psi (about 68 gigapascals) for soda lime silicate glass and about 9,100,000 psi (about 62 gigapascals) for
borosilicate glass.15 Their coefficients of thermal expansions
are very different. The α of borosilicate is about 3 3 10–6°C–
1
. The α of soda lime silicate glass is about 9 3 10–6°C–1,
about three times greater.15
Substituting these values into Equation (2) yields the ∆T
values of the rapid temperature change necessary to initiate
thermal shock fracture. For borosilicate glass, the calculated
temperature difference is about 183°C (about 330°F), but
it is only about 55°C (about 99°F) for the soda lime silicate
glass. This is a substantial difference.
Carter and Norton,16 in their text Ceramic Materials,
Science and Engineering, use a somewhat more complicated
35
form of Equation (1) that includes heat transfer terms. They
address many ceramics as well as glasses. Their results will be
compared with the calculations of this simple approach. The
αE∆T term is common to all mathematical models.
Carter and Norton13 provide an example (which includes
heat transfer terms), estimating thermal stress ∆T values for
fracture that are about 270°C (about 486°F) for the borosilicate Pyrex and about 80°C (about 144°F) for soda lime
silicate glass. Based on these two independent results, it is
evident that the temperature differential—the ∆T for fracture initiation by severe thermal stress—is much larger for
the borosilicate glass.
A brochure posted on Corning’s website17 presents thermal
stress resistance estimates of several glasses of various compositions, including its 7740 borosilicate glass and a soda lime
silicate glass (Corning 0080). The reported thermal stress
resistance value for the borosilicate glass is 54°C (97°F),
whereas that of the soda lime silicate glass is 16°C (29°F)—a
factor of about three. Thermal stress resistance is defined for
this calculation as “the temperature differential between two
surfaces of a tube or constrained place that will cause a tensile stress of 0.7 kg/mm (1000 psi) on the cooler surface.”
It is important to note that, according to this brochure,
the primary use of 0080 is Petri dishes, not household cookware. Also, it must be noted that soda lime silicate glass
compositions vary widely, and values of thermal properties
will vary, too. However, these data illustrate the magnitude
of the difference in thermal stress resistance that is possible
between the two categories of glasses. The superior thermal
stress resistance of borosilicate glass for cookware was confirmed in empirical tests performed on glass cookware objects
by Consumer Reports.1,2
It is informative to compare the ∆T values that have been
determined to achieve the fracture stress from the three
calculations. Table 1 lists those for the soda lime silicate
glass and for Pyrex borosilicate. This tabulation shows that
in every instance the ∆T for the soda lime silicate glass is
much lower than that for the borosilicate. The difference is
about a factor of three times for each despite the differences
in the calculations. This is because the thermal expansion
of the soda lime silicate glass is about three times that of the
borosilicate. Clearly, soda lime glass is much more susceptible
to thermal shock than the borosilicate glass because of its
higher thermal expansion of coefficient.
Table 1 Calculations of thermal differential, ∆T, for soda lime silicate
and borosilicate glass.
Source
∆T Soda lime silicate
∆T Pyrex borosilicate
This paper
~55°C (99°F)
~183°C (330°F)
Carter and Norton16
~80°C (144°F)
~270°C (436°F)
Corning brochure17
~16°C (29°F)
~54°C (97°F)
From the perspective of kitchen applications, a good calibration point is that of boiling water, 100°C (212°F) at sea
level. None of the calculations suggest the soda lime silicate
glass would be likely to survive a rapid exposure to boiling
36
water. Consistent with these calculations, the October 2011
Consumer Reports article describes a boiling water incident
that led to explosive fracture of a measuring cup and an
accompanying injury.2
Based on recipes in the famous cookbook, The Joy of
Cooking, by Rombauer, Becker and Becker,18 these calculated
∆T values of concern are well within the temperature ranges
of kitchen cooking endeavors. For example, their recommended oven temperatures are 350°F for a pork loin or rib
eye roast (after 450°F preheat) and 325°F for a turkey (after
450°F preheat). Relative to room temperature, these cooking temperatures could easily exceed the expected ∆T values
for the thermal stress fracture of soda lime silicate glass and
could cause thermal shock fracture.
The ∆T value alone does not guarantee thermal fracture of
glass cookware. However, because of the low ∆T for soda lime
silcate glass, one must exercise extreme caution when using
cookware made of this glass. Even at modest kitchen temperatures, there is a definite possibility of thermal shock fracture.
Heat strengthening of soda lime silicate glass cookware
In Consumer Product Safety Commission correspondence,3 CPSC’s SaverProducts.gov website3 and literature
relative to shattering glass cookware, manufacturers have
responded that during manufacturing they have taken steps
to strengthen the soda lime silicate glass cookware by applying a heat strengthening or a thermal tempering process. The
manufacturers assert that the process increases the strength
of the glass, its impact resistance and its resistance to thermal
stress fracture.19
This strengthening approach is discussed by Mencik.20 In a
related publication, Gardon21 extensively reviews the annealing and tempering processes, of which heat strengthening
is a variant. In principle, this approach has technical merit,
because increasing the glass cookware strength would be
expected to increase the ∆T values for thermal shock fracture
initiation. (Recall that the glass strength, σf, is in the numerator of Equation (2) for ∆T.)
It is possible to detect residual stresses in glass via photoelasticity. Thus, to test this heat-strengthening issue, the
authors bought a half dozen new, unused soda lime silicate
cookware pieces, which were then examined in the photoelasticity laboratory at the University of Alabama. The
authors observed no strong fringe patterns, which would
be indicative of residual stresses, in any of the cookware.
Although this could be the result of low-stress optic coefficients of the soda lime silicate glasses, it also suggests
that the efficacy of heat strengthening that may have been
applied to the cookware during manufacturing was minimal
and was not sufficient to significantly increase strength or
thermal stress resistance of the soda lime silica cookware.
It is well documented that thermally strengthened glasses
also have a characteristic cracking pattern when they fracture. Tempered glass breaks into small equiaxed pieces in
a fracture process known as dicing. Automobile glass, for
(Credit: G. Quinn.)
Fracture
origin
Figure 3. A reconstructed soda lime silicate Pyrex bowl fractured
by thermal shock. Arrows outline the crack paths.
delay to fracture initiation after a temperature change; and
(iii) calculated temperature differentials, the ∆T values for
the initiation of thermal shock fracture during temperature
changes of soda lime silicate and borosilicate glasses. In addition, the creation of fracture shards instead of desired dicing
of broken pieces of cookware suggests that manufacturers’
heat strengthening is insufficient.
Fracture-initiating temperature differentials can be exceeded during household kitchen cooking. However, not all kitchen procedures create ∆T values that are sufficient to cause
thermal stress fracture of the soda lime silicate glass cookware.
Time-dependent heat transfer conditions also will affect the
magnitude of the thermal stresses that develop.
The original Corning Pyrex borosilicate glass is considerably more resistant to thermal stress fracture than the soda
lime silicate glasses that currently are used for most glass
cookware products in the US. The estimated ∆T values for
(Credit: Fractograph supplied by G. Quinn.)
example, fractures by dicing into small fragments. McMaster,
Shetterly and Bueno22 depict this form of fragmentation in
their review, and creation of these dicing fragments has been
analyzed in detail by Warren.23
The authors’ examination of fracture pieces of several
dishes, including some that were intentionally broken by
thermal stress and some by impact, revealed no dicing fragmentation. The soda lime silicate cookware consistently fractured into extended glass shards.
The large shards produced by the fracture of the soda lime
silicate cookware imply that the thermal or heat strengthening of the soda lime silicate cookware was not substantive. Figure 3 illustrates a reconstructed “Pyrex” bowl that
was purchased new and intentionally thermal shocked in a
household kitchen. There is no evidence of dicing fracture.
The occurrence of long sharp glass shards is also described in
numerous reports on the Internet and in the CPSC literature.
Another tool for evaluating whether there is significant
heat strengthening of soda lime silicate glass is fractography,
which can reveal information about the stress state of a fractured piece. When a glass object with surface compressive
stresses fractures, the propagating crack front in the glass
proceeds ahead of the crack at the object surface because the
near-surface advance is inhibited by the surface compressive
stresses.24
Indeed, the crack growth pattern on the fracture surface
of shards of soda lime silicate glass cookware, as shown in
Figure 4, indicates that the soda lime silicate glass has been
heat strengthened. Note the Wallner line ripples on the cross
section clearly are trailing at the glass surfaces, indicative of
surface compressive stresses. (Wallner lines are slight ripples
on a fracture surface that are indicative of the direction of
crack propagation and the state of stress.)
Thus, although the cookware definitely has been heat
strengthened as stated by the manufacturer,19 it does not
appear to be sufficient to increase substantially the thermal
stress fracture resistance of the cookware, nor is it sufficient
to create a desirable dicing fracture pattern for the glass
cookware.
Extensive, in-depth fractography of the fracture surfaces of
shards from a large number or series of different reconstructed
broken soda lime silicate cookware pieces would make it possible to identify the causes of individual failure events. Such
studies, as described by Quinn25 in Fractography of Ceramics
and Glasses, are recommended, but are beyond the scope of
this article.
Conclusions about shattering glass cookware
The above analyses of shattering soda lime silicate glass
cookware indicate that the phenomenological cause of these
fractures is thermal stress fracture that develops from temperature changes to which the glass cookware is subjected in the
household kitchen. This conclusion is substantiated by three
observations: (i) occurrence of the shattering incidents during temperature changes; (ii) the frequent presence of a time
Figure 4. The fracture surface of a soda lime silicate glass cookware bowl (from bowl in Figure 3) as it formed during thermal
shock failure. Note the Wallner lines trailing along the surfaces,
inside and out, are indicative of heat strengthening of the glass
during manufacturing.22
37
thermal stress fracture of that borosilicate glass suggest that
normal kitchen cooking temperatures are unlikely to cause
thermal stress failures. However, the estimated ∆T values for
thermal stress fracture of soda lime silicate glass cookware are
well within the range of kitchen temperatures.
Estimates of the ∆T temperature differentials indicate
that soda lime silicate glass cookware can be expected to
survive moderate temperature changes that are experienced
in a household kitchen. However, documented reports of
incidents of dramatic shattering failures during what most
kitchen cooks would consider normal use suggests that the
margin of safety for avoiding thermal stress failures of soda
lime silicate cookware is borderline. It does not appear to be
adequate for all household cooking. Caution is in order when
using soda lime silicate cookware in applications that may
involve temperature changes, as print warnings on the product labels indicate.
References
“Glass Bakeware that Shatters,” Consumer Reports, 44–48, January
(2011).
1
“Shattered Glass,” Consumer Reports, 40–42, October (2011).
2
Consumer Products Safety Commission, and the CPSC’s
SaferProdcuts.gov website, searched under “pyrex” and “glass cookware.”
3
Internet listings under “exploding pyrex.”
4
National Institute of Standards and Technology, http://www.physics.
nist.gov/cgi-bin/Star/compos.pl?natno=169.
5
M.B.W. Graham and A.T. Shuldinier, Corning and the Craft of
Innovation, pp. 55–58. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2001.
6
World Kitchens, Rosemont, Ill.
7
ARC International Cookware SAS, or ARC International Cookware
Ltd., France.
8
9
Anchor Hocking Glass Co., Lancaster, Ohio.
http://www.pyrexware.com/index.asp?pageId=30#TruthID30, viewed
3/30/2012
10
Acknowlegements
The authors acknowledge the suggestions and assistance
of M. Barkey, L.D. Pye, G. Quinn, S. Freiman, E. De Guire
and P. Wray in the preparation of this manuscript. Special
thanks are extended to G. Quinn for Figures 3 and 4.
11
About the authors
13
R.C. Bradt is the Alton N. Scott Professor in the College
of Engineering at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa,
Ala. He presented an invited paper at ACerS Glass &
Optical Materials Division meeting in 2011. He also has
served as an expert witness in litigation cases involving glass
cookware failures.
R. Martens is manager of the Central Analytical Facility
at the University of Alabama.
Contact: [email protected]
Thermal Stresses in Materials and Structures in Severe Thermal
Environments. Edited by D.P.H. Hasselman, et al., Plenum, New York,
1980.
W.D. Kingery, H.K. Bowen and D.R. Uhlmann, Introduction to
Ceramics; pp. 816–844. Wiley, New York, 1976.
12
R.E. Mould, “The Strength of Inorganic Glasses”; pp. 119–49 in
Fundamental Phemonena in the Materials Sciences, Vol. 4. Edited by L.J.
Bonis, J.J. Duga and J.J. Gilman. Plenum, New York, 1967.
C.R. Kurkjian, “The Mechanical Strength of Glasses—Then and
Now,” The Glass Researcher, 11 [2] 1–6 (2002).
14
Properties of Corning’s Glass and Glass Ceramic Families. Corning
Incorporated, Sullivan Park, Corning, NY, 1979.
15
C.B Carter and M.G. Norton, Ceramic Materials, Science and
Engineering; p. 633. Springer, New York, 2007.
16
http://catalog2.corning.com/Lifesciences/media/pdf/Thermal_
Properties_of_Corning_Glasses.pdf, viewed 3/30/2012.
17
I.S. Rombauer, M.R. Becker and E. Becker, Joy of Cooking. Scribner,
New York, 1997.
18
http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2008/08/pyrex_response.
html, viewed 3/30/2012.
19
J.Mencik, “Strength and Fracture of Glass and Ceramics”; pp.
250–57 in Elsevier Glass Science & Technology, Vol. 12. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1992.
20
R. Gardon, “Evolution of Theories of Annealing and Tempering:
Historical Perspective,” Am. Ceran. Soc. Bull., 66 [11], 1594–99
(1987).
21
R.A. McMaster, D.M. Shetterly and A.G. Bueno, “Annealed
and Tempered Glass”; pp. 453–59 in Ceramics and Glasses, Vol. 4,
Engineered Materials Handbooks. American Society of Metals, 1991.
22
P.D. Warren, “Fragmentation of Thermally Strengthened Glass”; pp.
389–402 in Advances in Ceramics, Vol. 122. Edited by J.R. Varner and
G.D. Quinn. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2000.
23
V.D. Frechette, “Failure Analysis of Brittle Materials”; pp. 7–20 in
Advances in Ceramics, Vol. 28. American Ceramic Society, Westerville,
Ohio, 1990.
24
A 1936 adver
advertisement for the
original Pyrex
borosilicate glass
cookware.
38
G.D. Quinn, Fractography of Ceramic and Glasses, NIST Special
Publication 960-16. US Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC, 2007.n
25
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Special Events
Plenary Session
October 7–11, 2012 | David L. Lawrence Convention Center | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Monday, Oct. 8, 2012
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Q & A session will follow the presentations.
Challenges for Materials-Intensive
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faces challenges on many fronts. This plenary session will focus
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The format for the Opening Plenary session will consist of three
30-minute presentations followed by moderated Q&A.
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Global Materials & Manufacturing
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Ford Motor Company, Research &
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BIOMATERIALS
Bio-inspired Materials Engineering
Nanomaterials and Nanodevices
Next-Generation Biomaterials
Surface Properties of Biomaterials III
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CERAMIC AND GLASS MATERIALS
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Glass and Optical Materials
Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites
International Symposium on Defects, Transport and Related Phenomena
Multifunctional Oxides
Novel Sintering Processes and News in Conventional Sintering and Grain Growth
Richard M. Fulrath Award Session
Solution-Based Processing for Ceramic Materials
Sosman Award Symposium: Local Phenomena at Surfaces and Interfaces
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Advances in Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices
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Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Thin Films and Multilayers
Pb-Free Solders and Next-Generation Interconnects
Semiconductor Heterostructures: Theory, Growth, Characterization and Device
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ENERGY ISSUES
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FUNDAMENTALS AND CHARACTERIZATION
Failure Analysis and Prevention
Frontiers of Materials Science: Fundamentals of Porous Materials from
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Fundamental Understanding of High-Entropy Alloy Formations and Their Properties
In-Situ Characterization of Phase Transformations in Materials
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering: The Customer’s Point of View
Microstructure-Based Property Prediction and Small-Scale Experimental Validation
Multiscale Modeling of Microstructure Deformation in Material Processing
Phase Stability, Diffusion, Kinetics and Their Applications
Quantification of Texture and Microstructure Gradients in Polycrystalline Materials
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IRON AND STEEL
Advances in Zinc-Based Coating Technologies for Steel Sheet
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Energy Conversion—Photovoltaic, Concentrating Solar Power and Thermoelectric
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Nanotechnology for Energy, Environment, Healthcare and Industry
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MATERIALS–ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
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Advanced Understanding of the Atmospheric Corrosion of Materials
Coatings for Corrosion and Wear-Resistance Applications
Development of Advanced Alloys and Coating Systems for Demanding Oil and
Gas Applications
Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Materials
Surface Protection for Enhanced Materials Performance: Science, Technology
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MATERIALS PERFORMANCE
Beyond Nickel-Based Superalloys II
Boron, Boron Compounds and Boron Nanomaterials: Structure, Properties,
Processing and Applications
Functional and Innovative Composites
Materials, Structures and System Design for Extreme Environments in
Aerospace and Energy Applications
Multifunctional Materials for Aerospace and Defense: Challenges and Prospects
Novel Methods for Deformation Testing of Metals and Materials
Symposium on the Fatigue of Materials II: Advances and Emergences in
Understanding
Titanium Alloys for Demanding Applications
Recent Advances in Phase Transformations and Structural Evolution in Titanium
and its Alloys
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PROCESSING AND PRODUCT MANUFACTURING
Additive Manufacturing of Metals
Advanced Materials, Processes and Applications for Additive Manufacturing
Advances in Metal-Casting Technologies
Design of Forming Processes and Tooling in Transforming Materials
Green Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and Processing IV
Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials (JASM XIV)
Powder Metallurgy Processing and Products
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SPECIAL TOPICS
ACerS Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture
ACerS Alfred R. Cooper Award Session
ACerS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture
ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award Session
AIST Adolf Martens Memorial Steel Lecture
ASM Alpha Sigma Mu Lecture
ASM Edward Demille Campbell Lecture
ASM/TMS Distinguished Lecture
Continuous Improvement of Academic Programs (and Satisfying ABET
along the Way)—Elizabeth Judson Memorial Symposium
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Symposium
MS&T’12 Plenary: Challenges for Materials-Intensive Industries: Energy,
Transportation and Consumer Products
Perspectives for Emerging Materials Professionals
Raymond W. Buckman Jr. Memorial Symposium for Refractory Metals and Alloys
Solidification, Crystal Growth and Microstructural Correlation with Properties
of Materials: To Celebrate 75th Birthday of Prof. Martin E. Glicksman
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General activities
(Information subject to change)
Legend:
CC = David L. Lawrence Convention Center
WE = Westin Convention Center
Event
Time
Location
Sunday, Oct. 7
Conference Activities
Registration
2:00 to 7:30 p.m.
Society Member Lounges
2:00 to 7:30 p.m.
ACerS/BSD Ceramographics Display 2:00 to 7:30 p.m.
Welcome Reception
6:00 to 7:30 p.m.
Lectures/Workshop
Frontiers of Science and Society—
5:00 to 6:00 p.m.
Rustum Roy Lecture
Material Advantage Student Functions
Chapter Leadership Workshop
10:00 a.m. to Noon
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1:00 to 4:00 p.m.
Undergraduate Student Speaking
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1:00 to 3:00 p.m.
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Undergraduate Student Poster
6:00 to 7:30 p.m.
Contest Display
Student Networking Mixer
8:00 to 10:00 p.m.
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
WE
WE
WE
WE
CC
WE
Time
Location
Lectures/Workshops
ACerS Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic
8:00 to 9:00 a.m.
CC
Professor Martin E. Glicksman
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. CC
Honorary Symposium
Raymond W. Buckman Jr. Memorial
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. CC
Symposium
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12:45 to 1:45 p.m.
CC
Lecture
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1:00 to 2:00 p.m.
CC
Lecture
7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. CC
Contest Display
Material Advantage Mug Drop Contest 11:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.CC
Young Leaders Tutorial Luncheon
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CC
Student Awards Ceremony
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Social Functions
Young Professionals Reception
5:00 to 6:00 p.m.
CC
Wednesday, Oct. 10
Monday, Oct. 8
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
WE
CC
WE
WE
CC
Tuesday, Oct. 9
7:00 to 8:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
9:45 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
11:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.CC
11:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.CC
11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.CC
2:00 to 6:00 p.m.
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11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
4:00 to 6:00 p.m.
4:00 to 6:00 p.m.
CC
Authors’ Coffee
7:00 to 8:00 a.m.
CC
Registration
7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. CC
7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. CC
ACerS/BSD Ceramographics Display 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. CC
MS&T’12 Exhibit - Exhibit Hall A
Show Hours
10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.CC
Poster Session
10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.CC
Professional Recruitment & Career
10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.CC
Pavilion
MS&T Food Court
11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.CC
Refreshment Break
3:00 to 4:00 p.m.
CC
Lectures/Workshops
8:00 a.m. to Noon
CC
Honorary Symposium
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. CC
Symposium
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8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. CC
Professionals
ACerS Robert B. Sosman Lecture
1:00 to 2:00 p.m.
CC
7:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. CC
Contest Display
Thursday, Oct. 11
Authors’ Coffee
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Educational Courses
Focused Ion Beams and Secondary
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Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
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Physical Foundations of Electroceramics for Microelectronics
Sintering of Ceramics
7:00 to 8:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m. to Noon
7:00 a.m. to Noon
CC
CC
CC
8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. WE
8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. WE
8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. WE
8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. WE
Friday, Oct. 12
Educational Courses
Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
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Authors’ Coffee
7:00 to 8:00 a.m.
Registration
7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
ACerS/BSD Ceramographics Display 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Lectures
MS&T’12 Plenary Session
8:00 to 10:00 a.m.
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Honorary Symposium
ACerS Alfred R. Cooper Award Session 10:20 a.m. to Noon
ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award Session 2:00 to 4:40 p.m.
2:00 to 6:00 p.m.
Symposium
Elizabeth Judson Memorial Symposium 2:00 to 5:00 p.m.
Anthony Pengidore Memorial
2:00 to 5:00 p.m.
Undergraduate Student
7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Poster Contest Display
ACerS Student Tour
2:00 to 5:00 p.m.
Social Functions
ACerS Companion Breakfast
7:30 to 10:00 a.m.
MS&T Women in Materials Science
5:30 to 6:30 p.m.
Reception
ACerS Banquet Reception
6:45 to 7:30 p.m.
ACerS Annual Honors & Awards Banquet 7:30 to 10:00 p.m.
Annual Meetings
ACerS Annual Membership Meeting
1:00 to 2:00 p.m.
Authors’ Coffee
Registration
ACerS/BSD Ceramographics Display
Guest Tour—Pittsburgh Bites and Bits
MS&T’12 Exhibit – Exhibit Hall A
Show Hours
Professional Recruitment & Career
Pavilion
MS&T Food Court
Poster Session
Poster Set Up
Authors Present with Posters
Happy Hour Reception
Event
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. WE
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. WE
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. WE
43
®
Event
Legend:
CC = David L. Lawrence Convention Center
WE = Westin Convention Center
Time
Sunday, Oct. 7
44
ACerS Committee Meetings (Information subject to change)
Publications Committee Meeting
ED Executive Committee Meeting
BSD Executive Committee Meeting
NETD Executive Committee Meeting
ECD Executive Committee Meeting
GOMD Programming & Executive
Committee Meeting
Monday, Oct. 8
Meetings Committee Meeting
BSD General Business Meeting
ED General Business Meeting
EIC Business Meeting
NETD General Business Meeting
Location
12:30 – 3:00 p.m.
1:00 – 4:00 p.m.
2:30 – 4:30 p.m.
2:30 – 4:30 p.m.
3:00 – 4:30 p.m.
3:00 – 4:30 p.m.
WE
WE
WE
WE
WE
WE
8:30 – 10:00 a.m.
Noon – 1:00 p.m.
Noon – 1:00 p.m.
2:00 – 4:00 p.m.
5:45 – 6:45 p.m.
WE
CC
CC
WE
CC
Event
Tuesday, Oct. 9
IJAGS Associate Editors Meeting
ECD General Business Meeting
GOMD General Business Meeting
Panel of Fellows Meeting
Wednesday, Oct. 10
Strategic Planning for Emerging
Opportunities Committee Meeting
Books Subcommittee
Time
Location
11:30 a.m.– 1:00 p.m.
Noon – 1:00 p.m.
5:30 – 6:30 p.m.
3:00 – 5:00 p.m.
CC
CC
CC
WE
7:30 – 9:00 a.m.
WE
3:00 – 4:00, p.m.
CC
Short courses
Register for short courses at www.ceramics.org/shortcourses.
Thursday,
Oct. 11
8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Focused Ion Beams and Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry
Instructor: Fred Stevie, North Carolina State University
Description: The course begins with a discussion of the components of a
FIB system, including the liquid metal ion source. The interaction of ions
with matter is presented and the ion-beam-assisted chemical vapor deposition process and the gas source method used to improve etch rate are
explained. Current FIB instrumentation, including FIB-SEM combination
instruments, is described. Next, SIMS is compared with other commonly
used analytical techniques (AES, XPS, RBS and TEM). The SIMS process
is discussed. Static sputtering versus dynamic sputtering is addressed.
Become familiar with these two major materials analysis techniques.
Attendees will learn the capabilities of current instrumentation and the
principal applications. Applications for ceramics will be discussed, but the
main goal is to provide an understanding of the two techniques.
Thursday,
Oct. 11–
Friday,
Oct. 12
8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. | 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Mechanical Properties of Ceramics and Glass
Instructors: George D. Quinn, NIST, and Richard C.
Bradt, University of Alabama
Description: The course addresses the mechanical
properties of ceramics and glasses for elastic properties, strength measurements, fracture parameters and indentation hardness. For each of these
topical areas, the fundamentals of the properties are explained, discussed
and related to the structure and crystal chemistry of the materials and
their microstructure. Standard test methods are covered. Attendees will be
exposed to the structures and properties of ceramics and glasses, learn
standard test methods for the listed mechanical properties and complete
these tests and understand the results. In addition, attendees will learn how
the results of some tests may be used to design with ceramics and glasses,
and about postmortem analysis of failures. Special topics include:
• Stress, Strain and Elastic Properties
• Measuring Elastic Properties
• Theoretical Strength, Fracture and Fracture Toughness/R-Curves
• Measuring the Fracture Toughness
• Strength Test Methods
• Weibull Derivation and Weibull Statistics, Standards, Graphs, Multiple
Flaw Populations
• Flaw Growth and Fatigue
• Flaws and Fractography
• Hardness of Ceramics.
8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. | 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Instructor: R.K. Pandey, Texas State University
Description: Electroceramics have become an integral part of modern
microelectronics because of advancements made in the past decade and
the advent of multifunctional oxides, multiferroics, spintronics, rad-hard electronics, bioelectronics, detectors and sensors, etc. The objective is to bring
current state of knowledge in this field and emphasize practical applications,
potentials for inventions as well as prospects for commercialization. Key topics
include:
• Introduction to the interacting forces connecting the fundamental
physical properties
• Importance and explanation of non-centro-symmetric crystal structures
and symmetry groups for understanding the nonlinear phenomena
exhibited by dielectrics
• Physical basis of multifunctional materials and multiferroics and their
applications
• Nonlinear magnetics and their applications
• Oxide wide-bandgap semiconductors for spintronics, bioelectronics
and rad-hard electronics
• Detectors and sensors.
8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. | 8:30 – 11:30 a.m.
Instructor: Mohamed N. Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and
Technology
Description: The course covers a review of sintering basics: characterization of sintering (methods used to measure/monitor the progress of sintering); driving forces; diffusion and defect chemistry; solid-state and viscous
sintering; microstructure development and control; liquid-phase sintering;
special topics—effect of homogeneities on sintering; constrained sintering
of composites, adherent thin films and multilayers; solid solutions additives
(dopants); reaction sintering; viscous sintering with crystallization; sintering
practice—‘how to do’ sintering; effect of various materials and processing
parameters on sintering; and case studies. The attendee will develop sufficient background in the principles and practice of sintering to be able to
• Do sintering to achieve specified target microstructures
• Understand the difficulties encountered in practical sintering
• Take practical steps to rectify the problems encountered in producing
required target microstructures.
MS&T’12 Exhibitors (as of 07/26/12)
Company
Booth#
Company
Booth#
Company
315
332
201
532
214
T14
610
408
425
414
308
516
ABCR GmbH & Co.
Across International
AdValue Technology LLC
Advanced Abrasives
Agilent Technologies
AK Steel
Aldrich Material Science
Alfa Aesar, a Johnson Matthey Co.
Alfred University
Allied High Tech Products Inc.
American Stress Technologies Inc.
Analytical Reference Materials
International
Angstrom Scientific Inc.
Applied Test Systems Inc.
Arcelor Mittal
Asko Inc.
ASM International
Avure Technologies Inc.
BigC: Dino-Lite Scopes
Boise University
Bose Corp. – ElectroForce Systems
Buehler
Business Expert & Press
Carbolite
Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC
Carpenter Technology Corp.
Centorr Vacuum Industries Inc.
Clemex
CM Furnaces Inc.
CompuTherm LLC
Custom Milling & Consulting Inc.
Decagon Devices
Engineered Pressure Systems Inc.
EMSL Analytical Inc.
Evans Analytical Group
FEI Co.
Focus GmbH
Gasbarre Products Inc. (PTX-Pentronix)
Goodfellow Corp.
405
315
310
508
504
533
517
600
500
528
327
233
623
410
400
200
603
317
621
Granta Design
H.C. Starck
Harrop Industries Inc.
Hitachi High Technologies America Inc.
Horiba Scientific
Hysitron Inc.
International Centre for Diffraction Data
IXRF Systems Inc.
JEOL USA Inc.
Jordi Labs LLC
Kennametal ISA
Kurt J. Lesker Co.
Laeis GmbH
Lapmaster International LLC
Leco Corp.
Leica Microsystems
Maney Publishing
Material Interface Inc.
Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
(The)
Metal Samples Co.
Metcut Research Inc.
Metkon Instruments
Micro Materials
Micromeritics Instruments Corp.
Microtrac
Momentum Press
MTI Corp.
MTS Systems Corp.
Nanovea
Netzsch Instruments North America LLC
NIST
NSL Analytical Services Inc.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Ocean Optics
614
615
501
210
203
426
314
511
520
205
T12
505
T11
518
215
309
208
616
521
401
620
605
509
417
505
T7
T6
237
524
608
503
206
601
604
336
Olympus America Inc.
Olympus Innovx
Oxford Instruments
PANalytical
Pittcon 2013
Powder Processing Technology LLC
Proto Manufacturing Inc.
Resodyn Acoustic Mixers
Rigaku Americas Corp.
RJ Lee Group Inc.
Saudi Aramco
Sente Software Ltd.
SMS-Millcraft LLC
Spectro Analytical Instruments
Springer
Struers Inc.
Swindell Dressler International Co.
TA Instruments
TEC
Tescan USA
Thermal Technology LLC
Thermcraft Inc.
Thermo Scientific
Thermo-Calc Software
Thermotech
Timken Co. (The)
TMK IPSCO
TQ Electronics Inc.
UES Inc.
Union Process Inc.
United Testing Systems Inc.
Vision Research Inc.
Westmoreland Testing & Research Inc.
Wiley
Zircar Ceramics
316
514
T8
T16
619
419
333
638
519
337
632
515
300
T13
424
427
421
319
624
428
325
204
526
609
602
525
324
305
415
431
328
432
538
632
536
409
321
301
209
318
437
225
Contact Pat Janeway to reserve your booth.
[email protected] | 614-794-5826
Young Professional Programming at MS&T’12
Monday, Oct. 8 | 12:30 – 4 p.m.
Plant Tour – Hosted by AIST
Tuesday, Oct. 9 | 8 a.m. – 4:20 p.m.
Symposium: Perspectives for Emerging Materials Professionals – Hosted by ASM International
Tuesday, Oct. 9 | Noon – 2 p.m.
Young Leader Tutorial Luncheon – Hosted by TMS
Booth#
Tuesday, Oct. 9 | 5 – 6 p.m.
Young Professionals Reception – Hosted by ACerS
45
Overview and Schedule
Innovations in Biomedical
Materials 2012
September 10-13, 2012
Hilton North Raleigh-Midtown, N.C., USA
At the intersection of
medical practitioners,
materials researchers,
manufacturers and
marketers.
Organized by:
www.ceramics.org/biomaterials2012
Innovations in Biomedical Materials 2012 brings together the materials research, manufacturing and
medical communities to explore technological advancements, facilitate product innovations and identify potential new
applications. Review the final program at www.ceramics.org/biomaterials2012.
Plenary speakers for Biomaterials 2012
include
• Alan J. Russell, Carnegie Mellon University, presenting
Bio-Inspired Materials for Health and Defense
• Delbert Day, Mo-Sci Corp. and Missouri University of
Science and Technology, presenting Radioactive Glass
Microspheres for Medical Applications
• Riad Salem, Northwestern University, presenting
Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Microspheres;
• Larry Hench, University of Florida and University of
London, presenting Bioactive Glasses: New Approaches for
Tissue Repair, Regeneration and Prevention
• Hyun Bae, Cedars-Sinai Hospital, presenting Pedicle Screw
Electrical Resistance: Hydroxyapatite-Coated Versus
Noncoated.
46
Meeting Cochairs
Steven Jung, Director of New
Product Development and Senior
Research Engineer, Mo-Sci Corp.
573-364-2338
[email protected]
Roger Narayan, Professor of
Biomedical Engineering,University of
North Carolina and North Carolina
State University
919-696-8488
[email protected]
SCHEDULE
Monday, Sept. 10, 2012
Registration
Networking Reception
2:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
5:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2012
Registration
Plenary Speaker
Plenary Speaker
Break
Three Concurrent Sessions
Lunch
Plenary Speaker
Break
Poster Session & Reception
7:30 a.m. – 6:15 p.m.
8:00 a.m. – 8:45 a.m.
8:45 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.
9:30 a.m. – 9:50 a.m.
9:50 a.m. – 11:50 a.m.
11:50 a.m. – 12:40 p.m.
12:40 p.m. – 1:25 p.m.
1:30 p.m. – 3:20 p.m.
3:20 p.m. – 3:40 p.m.
3:40 p.m. – 5:50 p.m.
5:45 p.m. – 7:15 p.m.
Wednesday, Sept. 12, 2012
Registration
Plenary Speaker
Break
Lunch
Plenary Speaker
Break
Conference Dinner, Including Speaker
7:30 a.m. – 6:15 p.m.
8:30 a.m. – 9:15 a.m.
9:15 a.m. – 9:45 a.m.
9:45 a.m. – 11:55 p.m.
11:45 p.m. – 12:40 p.m.
12:40 p.m. – 1:25 p.m.
1:30 p.m. – 3:20 p.m.
3:20 p.m. – 3:40 p.m.
3:40 p.m. – 5:50 p.m.
6:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.
TUTORIAL SESSION
– Licensing Technology from a Public University: What in the
World Were you Thinking? Keith Strassner, Missouri
University of Science and Technology
– CE Marking of Medical Devices Matthew O’Donnell, British
Standards Institution
– Materials Data Impact on Device Design Gary Mushock,
ASM International
– Systematic Materials Selection – How to Optimize Product
Performance While Lowering Risk Kristin Roenigk, Granta
Design
Premier Sponsor
Thursday, Sept. 13, 2012
Registration
Innovations in Biomedical Materials
Panel Discussion
Break
Tutorial Sessions
7:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
9:15 a.m. – 10:15 a.m.
Gold Sponsor
10:15 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
10:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
North Carolina Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Society Conference will be held on Monday, Sept. 10, 2012,
from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Although colocated, it is a separate
conference. For more information, visit www.ncterm.org.
Endorsed by
MEDICAL
MATERIALS
Hotel
Hilton North Raleigh-Midtown
3415 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh, NC 27609
Tel: 919-872-2323
For rate information and to reserve your room, visit
www.ceramics.org/biomaterials2012.
47
Innovations in Biomedical Materials 2012
September 10–13, 2012 | Hilton North Raleigh-Midtown, Raleigh, N.C., USA
At the intersection of medical practitioners, materials researchers, manufacturers and marketers.
TRACkS
Innovations in Biomedical Materials 2012 will emphasize collaboration between R&D, medical practitioners and biomedical materials manufacturers/marketers to better develop emerging technologies into marketable products.
Commercialization of Biomedical Implants and Devices | Markus
Reiterer
Proof of efficacy and safety are very challenging issues on the path of commercialization of biomedical products. Regulatory requirements, which are
different from country to county, add complexity in the path to commercialization. Speakers in this track will present a recent product success story and
point out key challenges on the way from the lab to the patient.
Commercialization I
Sept. 12
1:30 – 3:40 p.m.
Commercialization II
Sept. 12
3:40 – 5:30 p.m.
Surface Treatments and Coating of Titanium Implants | Peter Ulrich
Surface treatment or coating technology aimed at improving the clinical
outcomes of titanium implants. This track is open to all areas of clinical use
including dental, orthopedic and spine.
Metallic Implants and
Coatings I
Sept. 11
9:50 – 11:50 a.m.
Coatings II
Sept. 11
1:30 – 3:40 p.m.
Coatings III
Sept. 11
3:40 – 5:40 p.m.
Coatings IV
Sept. 12
9:45 – 11:15 a.m.
Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration | Hyun Bae
Scaffolds for segmental load-bearing defects and nonload-bearing bone void
fillers are of interest. Primarily for orthopedic, dental and spine applications.
Three Dimensional Scaffolds
for Tissue Regeneration I
Sept. 11
3:20 – 5:30 p.m.
for Tissue Regeneration II
Sept. 12
9:45 – 11:55 a.m.
for Tissue Regeneration III
Sept. 12
1:30 – 3:40 p.m.
for Tissue Regeneration IV
Sept. 12
5:10 – 5:50 p.m.
Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Treatment | Andy Larson and Riad
Salem
This track will discuss specific clinical needs for advanced biomedical imaging or to showcase a new imaging technology and biomaterial radiation
treatment options, current products, future products and new areas or
methods of treatment.
48
Imaging and Treatment I
Sept. 11
9:50 – 11:50 a.m.
Imaging and Treatment II
Sept. 11
1:30 – 2:20 p.m.
Blood Vessel, Nerve Guides and Hemostasis | Amy Harkins
Biomaterials that are used specifically for guiding vascular or nerve growth or
regeneration. Hemostatic devices, advanced tourniquets and other blood-loss
control technologies. Insight into current technologies and desirable future
development are other acceptable topics.
Blood Vessels, Nerve Guides
and Hemostasis
Sept. 11
1:30 – 3:20 p.m.
Composites | Erik Erbe
This is a general track that covers biomaterial composites for various
applications.
Composites I
Sept. 12
9:45 – 11:55 a.m.
Composites II
Sept. 12
1:30 – 3:40 p.m.
Malleable Bone Void Fillers | Greg Pomrink
Improvements in bone void filler technology or insight into the current products commercially available. This track may cover improvements in carrier
technology, bone-filler technology, new products or conceptual products.
Bone Cements
Sept. 12
3:40 – 5:40 p.m.
Sensors | Randy Avent
This is a general track that covers sensor technology that will be or is currently applied to improve healing.
Sensors I
Sept. 11
9:50 – 11:50 a.m.
Sensors II
Sept. 11
2:20 – 3:40 p.m.
Uses of Bioactive Glass in New Treatments | Charanpreet Bagga
Novel bioactive glass forms, compositions and microstructures focused on
improving the natural healing process for treatment of any area of the body.
Uses of Bioactive Glass in
New Treatments
Sept. 11
3:40 – 5:50 p.m.
Wound or Burn Treatment | Luisa DePietro and Lin Chen
Novel methods, dressings or insights into effective wound healing or burn
treatment. In-vitro data may be acceptable, but in-vivo animal or human
data preferred.
Wound and Burn Treatment
Sept. 12
3:40 – 4:50 p.m.
See final program at
www.ceramics.org/biomaterials2012.
www.ceramics.org/ema2013
Electronic Materials and Applications 2013
DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World® | Orlando, Florida, USA | January 23-25, 2013
Final Abstract Deadline – September 26
INTRODUCTION
Electronic Materials and Applications 2013, jointly programmed
by the Electronics and the Basic Science Divisions of The
American Ceramic Society, is the fourth in a series of annual
international meetings. The 2013 meeting encompasses energy
generation and storage, photovoltaics and LED’s, MEMS/NEMS,
superconductors, thermoelectrics, data storage, sensors, actuators and other functional and nanostructured materials. The
meeting will provide leaders and experts in the field of electronic
ceramics the opportunity to discuss fundamental and technological challenges in these areas.
The conference features plenary lectures by notables, including Ramamoorthy Ramesh, director, SunShot Initiative, DOE,
and professor, University of California, Berkeley; Kitt Reinhardt,
program manager, Air Force Office of Scientific Research; and
Rainer Waser, director, Institute of Solid State Research, HGF
Research Center, Germany. The technical program will include
invited lectures, contributed papers, poster presentations and
roundtables on emerging topics. Naturally, participants include
an international mix of industrial, university and federal laboratory
organizers and researchers. For students there also is the opportunity to participate in a special student-run symposium.
We are pleased to provide this opportunity to focus on electronic
materials and applications in 2013, building on the previous success of this conference series as well as the ever-expanding network of scientists in this field. With a continuing goal of fostering
interconnections and collaborations, we expect this meeting will
facilitate the presentation and development of new ideas crucial
for future electronic materials, with ultimate applications ranging
from consumer devices to solutions to grand challenges. Please
join us in Orlando in January for this unique experience.
ORgANIzINg COMMITTEE
Quanxi Jia
Electronics Div.
Los Alamos
National Lab
Bryan Huey
Basic Science Div.
University of
Connecticut
Timothy Haugan
Electronics Div.
US Air Force
Research Lab
EMA 2103 SyMpOSIA
•Thin-FilmIntegrationandProcessingScience
•Thermoelectrics:DefectChemistry,DopingandNanoscale
Effects
•Failure:TheGreatestTeacher
•ProductionQualityFerroelectricThinFilmsandDevices
•CeramicCompositesforDefenseApplications
•RecentDevelopmentsinHigh-TemperatureSuperconductivity
•Sustainable,Low-Critical-MaterialUseandGreenMaterials
Processing Technologies
•NanoscaleElectronicsandMechanics
•LEDsandPhotovoltaics:CommonMaterialsChallenges
•InterfacesinCeramics
•StructureofEmergingPerovskiteOxides:BridgingLength
Scales and Unifying Experiment and Theory
•FunctionalElectroceramicsforCapacitor,PiezoandEnergyHarvesting Applications
•DataStorage
•AdvancesinMemoryDevices
•AdvancedDielectrics,PiezoelectricandFerroicMaterials,and
Emerging Materials in Electronics
HOTEl INfORMATION
•IntegratedCircuits
DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World
•HighlightsofStudentResearchinBasicScienceand
Electronic Ceramics
log
os
ies
a
Al
Los
m
an
di
a
S
*Limited number of available rooms
grated Nanote
nte
ch
rI
no
Rate: Single/double/triple/quad–$149.00
US Government Employee–current prevailing rate*
SpONSORS
Cen
ter
fo
10100 International Drive, Orlando, FL 32821
Phone: 407-352-1100 | 800-327-0363
Fax: 407-352-2632
49
37th InternatIonal ConferenCe and exposItIon on
AdvAnced ceRAmics And composites
Jan. 27–feb. 1, 2013 | hilton daytona Beach resort and ocean Center | daytona Beach, florida, Usa
Registration coming soon.
www.ceramics.org/daytona2013
organized by:
intRoduction
continuing the successful tradition as the leading international
meeting on advanced engineering and multifunctional ceramics, the
37th international conference & exposition on Advanced ceramics &
composites will be held January 27 through February 1, 2013, in daytona
Beach, Florida. the American ceramic society’s engineering ceramics
division and Acers have been organizing this prestigious conference
since 1977—with tremendous growth in interest and participation from
ceramic communities globally.
topical areas include advanced structural and functional ceramics,
composites and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. the
technical program consists of 13 symposia, four focused sessions, the 2nd
Global Young investigator Forum and the engineering ceramics summit
of the Americas. these technical sessions, including oral and poster
presentations, and with an industry exposition will provide an open
forum for scientists, researchers, engineers and industry personnel from
around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances
on various aspects related to ceramic science and technology.
icAcc’13 programming encompasses the diverse areas of ceramics and
advanced composites, with particular attention to the current trends
in research, development, engineering and application of advanced
ceramics. the well-established symposia at this conference include
mechanical properties of engineering ceramics and composites,
Advanced ceramic coatings, solid oxide Fuel cells, Armor ceramics,
Bioceramics, nanostructured materials, Advanced processing &
manufacturing technologies and porous ceramics. For the third
consecutive two key symposia—materials for extreme environments,
50
and materials and technologies for energy Generation and Rechargeable
energy storage—will form part of the technical program. in addition,
ceramics and composites for sustainable nuclear energy and Fusion
energy will be organized and be cosponsored by Acers nuclear and
environmental technology division.
icAcc’13 will include two new symposia: computational modeling;
and next-Generation technologies for innovative surface coatings. the
technical program will include four focused sessions that have attracted
considerable attention and interest: Geopolymers; thermal management
materials and technologies; nanomaterials for sensing Application; and
ceramic materials and processing for photonics and energy.
Building upon the successful interactions and excitement generated from
the 1st Global Young investigator Forum at icAcc’12, the 2nd GYiF will be
organized and facilitated by a group of our young researchers.
in addition, meeting leaders have organized the engineering ceramic
summit of the Americas to provide a forum for the information exchange
on current status and emerging trends in various ceramic technologies in
south, central and north America.
the ecd executive committee and volunteer organizers sincerely hope
you will join us at icAcc’13 for a stimulating and enjoyable conference.
Sujanto Widjaja
2013 icAcc program chair
corning inc.
corning West technology center
palo Alto, cA 94304 usA
[email protected]
hilton dAYtonA BeAch ResoRt
100 North Atlantic Ave.
Daytona Beach, FL
Phone: 1-386-254-8200
Rates:
One to four occupants
$149
Students:
$123
US Government Employee: Prevailing Rate
Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate. Room
rates are effective until Dec. 14, 2012, and are based on availability.
exhiBition inFoRmAtion
Reserve your booth space today for the premier advanced ceramics and composites event.
This event offers an exceptional opportunity to present your company’s latest products, sevices and technology to a sophisticated
audience sharply focused on this market.
Exhibits Open:
Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013, 5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013, 5:00 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
Exposition Location:
Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Ave., Daytona Beach, FL
Visit www.ceramics.org/daytona2013 for more details or contact
Patricia Janeway at [email protected] or at 614-794-5826.
tentAtive schedule oF events
Sunday – Jan. 27
Welcome Reception
5:00 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.
Monday – Jan. 28
Opening Awards Ceremony and
Plenary Session
Concurrent Technical Sessions
8:30 a.m. – Noon
1:30 p.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Tuesday – Jan. 29
Exposition and Reception
Poster Session A
8:00 a.m. – 5:20 p.m.
5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Wednesday – Jan. 30
Exposition and Reception
Poster Session B
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
5:00 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
Thursday – Jan. 31
8:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Friday – Feb. 1
8:00 a.m. – Noon
exhiBitoRs
Exhibitor
Booth No.
AACCM
304
ACT-RX Technology Corp.
223
Alfred University
212
ANOR Precision Ceramic Industrial 223
Co.
AVS Inc.
210
Buhler Inc.
301
Carbolite Inc.
206
CM Furnaces Inc.
311
Dorst America
220
Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasives Co.
205
Dynamic Dispersions LLC
203
Eirich Machines Inc.
222
Exhibitor
Booth No.
ENrG Inc.
321
ESL ElectroScience
202
Evans Analytical Group
313
Gasbarre Products/PTX-Pentronix
307
H.C. Starck Inc.
305
Haiku Tech Inc.
320
Harper International
326
200
Keith Co.
322
MEL Chemicals
315
MTI
214
Nabertherm
303
Netzsch Instruments N.A. LLC
201
Exhibitor
Booth No.
New Lenox Machine Co.
306
NIST
111
NIST
113
Oxy-Gon Industries Inc.
204
PremaTech Advanced Ceramics
207
R.D. Webb Co.
216
Sonoscan Inc.
221
Swindell Dressler International
302
TEAM by Sacmi (Riedhammer)
300
TevTech
317
Thermal Wave Imaging
420
Union Process Inc.
410
51
resources
Calendar of events
September 2012
2–5 ICCCI2012: 4th Int’l Conference
on the Characterization and Control of
Interfaces for High-Quality Advanced
Materials 2012 – Hotel Nikko Kurashiki,
Kurashiki City, Japan; www.jwri.osaka-u.
ac.jp/~conf/iccci2012/top.html
10 ACerS Pittsburgh Section Annual
Golf Outing – The Links Course,
Nemacolin Woodlands Resort,
Farmington, Pa; contact Bill Harasty,
[email protected], or Jim
Gilson, [email protected]
10–13 Innovations in Biomedical
Materials 2012 — Hilton North RaleighMidtown, Raleigh, N.C.; www.ceramics.
org/biomaterials2012
12–17 Rare Earth Minerals/Metals:
Sustainable Technologies for the Future
– San Diego, Calif.; http://www.engconfintl.org/12ar.html
7–11
20–22 ALAFAR Congress 2012: Latin
7–11 ACerS Annual Meeting and
Awards Banquet – David L. Lawrence
Convention Center and Westin
Convention Center Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa.;
www.ceramics.org
December 2012
3–5 IBAAS-2012: Int’l Bauxite, Alumina
MS&T’12: Materials Science
& Technology Conference and Exhibition
—Materials 2012 – David L. Lawrence
Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.;
www.matscitech.org
9–11 Composites Europe – Exhibition
Center Dusseldorf, Germany; www.
composites-europe.com
9–12 IC-CMTP2: 2nd Int’l Conference
on Competitive Materials and
Technology Process – Hunguest Hotel,
Palota Lillafüred, Hungary; www.iccmtp2.eu
America Association of Refractory
Manufacturers – JW Marriot Hotel,
Cancun, Mexico; www.alafar.org
& Aluminum Society – Jawaharlal Nehru
Aluminium Research Development &
Design Centre, Nagpur, India; http://
IBAAS.info
9–12 ICCMS 2012: 4th Int’l Congress
on Computational Mechanics and
Simulation – Hyderabad, India; www.
ceramicsasia.net
13–15 Ceramics Asia 2012 – Gujarat
University Exhibition Center, Ahmedabad,
India; www.ceramicsasia.net
14–17
7–9 CeraGlass India 2012 Trade
16–20
XIII Int’l Conference on the
Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids –
Yichang Three Gorges, Hubei, China;
www.xiii-pncs.com
18–21
January 2013
14–19 Bau 2013– Messe Muenchen
16–21 Int’l Conference on Fatigue
23–23 Solar Meets Glass: 3
Industry Summit for Markets, Cost and
Technology, held in conjunction with
Solarpec (see below) – Dusseldorf,
Germany; www.solarpraxis.de
Damage of Structural Materials
IX– Cape Cod at The Resort and
Conference Center, Hyannis, Mass.;
www.fatiguedamageconference.com
19–20 55th Int’l Colloquium on
Refractories – Eurogress, Aachen,
Germany; www.ecref.eu
23–27 4th Asian Conference on
Molten Salt Chemistry and Technology,
and 44th Symposium on Molten
Salt Chemistry – Hotel Taikanso,
Matsushima, Japan; http://msc.electrochem.jp/acmsct4/
24–28 Tecnargilla 2012 – Rimini Expo
Centre, Rimini, Italy; http://en.tecnargilla
30–Oct. 5 Harnessing the Materials
Genome: Accelerated Materials
Development via Computational and
Experimental Tools – Vail Marriott Resort
and Spa, Vail, Colo.; www.engconfintl.
org/12aq.html
October 2012
1–3 73rd Conference on Glass
Problems – Hilton Cincinnati Netherland
Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio; www.glassproblemsconference.org
52
DSEC IV: 4th Int’l Directionally
Solidified Eutectic Ceramics Workshop –
Washington, D.C.; www.dsec4.com.
6th Int’l Symposium on
Refractories – Kai Fu Jianguo Hotel
Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; www.
ceramsoc.com/ISR2012.htm
rd
23–26 Glasstec/Solarpeq: Int’l Trade
Fair for Glass/Solar Production –
Dusseldorf, Germany; www glassteconline.com or www.solarpeq.com
Oct. 30–Nov. 1 North American
Cold Spray 2012 – Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, Worchester,
Mass.; www.asminternational.org.
November 2012
5–8 Fuel Cell Seminar & Exposition –
Mohegan Sun, Uncasville, Conn.;
www.fuelcellseminar.com
Fair and Conference – EPIP, Sitapura,
Jaipur, India; www.ceraglass.in
Int’l, Munich, Germany; www.baumuenchen.com
23–25 Electronic Materials and
Applications 2013 – DoubleTree by
Hilton Orlando at Sea World, Orlando,
Fla.; www.ceramics.org/ema2013
Jan. 27–Feb. 1 ICACC’13: 37th Int’l
Conference and Exposition on Advanced
Ceramics and Composites – Hilton
Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean
Center, Daytona Beach, Fla.;
www.ceramics.org/icacc13
February 2013
11–14 IMAC-XXXI Conference and
Exposition on Structural Dynamics –
Hyatt Regency Orange County, Garden
Grove, Calif.; www.sem.org
7–9 JEC Composites America –
Boston Convention & Exhibition Center,
Boston, Mass.; www.jeccomposites.
com/events
Dates in RED denote new entry in
this issue.
11–15 38th Int’l Symposium for
Entries in BLUE denote ACerS
events.
Testing and Failure Analysis – Phoenix
Convention Center, Phoenix, Ariz.;
www.asminternational.org
denotes meetings that ACerS
cosponsors, endorses or otherwise cooperates in organizing.
Debbie Plummer—Advertising Assistant
Phone (614) 794-5866 • Fax (614) 891-8960
classified advertising
Career Opportunities
Richard E. Mistler, Inc.
QUALITY
EXECUTIVE SEARCH, INC.
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Emilio Spinosa
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email: [email protected]
custom finishing/machining
Custom Machined Insulation
AbNat, Ltd.
Phone: 513-360-7772
Fax: 513-360-4224
Your best source for:
DELKI Ć & ASSOCIATES
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•Applications up to 2200°C
Call (845) 651-3040
Web: www.zircarzirconia.com
Email: [email protected]
Multi-Hole Drilling—Ideal for gas
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machine them perfectly and precisely.
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fiber preforms and similar applications.
We can drill high-quality, pre-polished,
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ceramics and glass materials.
Machine Sales—Acquire your own
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505.839.3535 www.sonicmill.com
custom/toll processing services
PROOF
Contract
Machining Service
American
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Society
Since
1980
SMAD_CB_2011_BusinessServices.indd
TOLL FIRING
1
3/31/2011 10:51:
Approved By: ________________________________________ SERVICES
• Utmost Confidentiality
Signature Required
• Sintering, calcining,
• Alumina to Zirconia
including MMC
Corrections
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• Exacting Tolerances
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as is, shapes
no corrections
• Complex
to
slicing & dicing
Please FAX• Fast
back& approvals
with a signature.
reliable
service
Fax # 614-891-8960
160 Goddard Memorial Dr. Worcester, MA 01603 USA
Tel:(508) 791-9549 • Fax:(508) 793-9814
• E-mail:[email protected]
• Web site:www.PrematechAC.com
08BS_ZIRCAR.indd 1
heat treating to
1700°C
• Bulk materials
and shapes
• R&D, pilot
production
• One-time or
ongoing
EQUIPMENT
• Atmosphere
electric batch kilns
to 27 cu. ft.
• Gas batch kilns
to 57 cu. ft.
Columbus, Ohio
614-231-3621
www.harropusa.com
[email protected]
53
1/28/11 4:24 PM
classified advertising
SPECIALIZED
CERAMIC SERVICES
• Extrusion/Forming Services
• Wet/Dry Pressing Services
• Toll Firing to 2200ºF
• Plaster & Rubber Die and Mold Design
• Fire Clay: Processing Services and Sales
Thermal Analysis Materials Testing
n
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Dilatometry
Firing Facilities
Custom Testing
Glass Testing
DTA/TGA
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Thermal Gradient
ASTM Testing
Refractories Creep
Clay testing
ACCCO, Inc./Burley Clay Products Co.
3470 E. Fifth Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43219-1797
(614) 231-3621 Fax: (614) 235-3699
800-828-7539 • Fax: 740-697-2500
Email: [email protected] • www.accco-inc.com
SEM • COM COMPANY, INC.
SPECIALTY & ELECTRONIC
GLASS MANUFACTURING
Weprovidethefollowingservices:
n GLASS MELTING
nGLASS FABRICATION
nCOMPOSITION
DEVELOPMENT
nCONSULTING
• Standard, Custom, Proprietary Glass and
Glass-Ceramic compositions melted
• Available in frit, powder (wet/dry milling),
rod or will develop a process to custom form
• Research & Development
• Electric and Gas Melting up to 1650ºC
• Fused Silica crucibles and Refractory
lined tanks
Callorwriteforfurtherinformation
P.O. BOX 8428
TOLEDO, OHIO 43623
Ph: 419/537-8813
Fax: 419/537-7054
e-mail: [email protected]
web site: www.sem-com.com
• Pounds to Tons
305 Marlborough Street • Oldsmar, Florida 34677
Phone (813) 855-5779 • Fax (813) 855-1584
e-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.sgiglass.com
GELLER MICROANALYTICAL
LABORATORY, INC.
Analytical Services & NIST Traceable
Magnification Standards
SEM/X-ray, Electron Mircoprobe, Surface Analysis
(Auger), Metallography, Particle Size Counting,
and Optical Microscopy
for Ceramics and Composite Materials
Specializing in quantitative analysis of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. in micrometer sized areas.
Elemental mapping,diffusion studies, failure analysis,
reverse engineering and phase area determinations.
laboratory/testing services
Electronic and Specialty
Glass Frits & Powders
Standard compositions
Custom melt capacity
• Glass development
• Calcinations
• Toll processing
• Test sample availability
• Production volumes
• Tailored particle sizes
• Press-ready granulation
• ISO 9001:2008 registered
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Advanced ceramic testing
Put our years of experience to work on your specimens!
426 Boston St. Topsfield, MA 01983
Tel: 978-887-7000 Fax: 978-887-6671
www.gellermicro.com Email: [email protected]
Superior quality and performance in:
nThermal Analysis
nCalorimetry
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properties
nContract Testing Services
Chemical Analysis
ISO 17025 and AS 9100 Accredited
GLASS TECHNOLOGY
Design • Development • Manufacturing
54
6701 Sixth Ave. S.
Seattle, WA 98108
(206) 763-2170
www.viox.com
NETZSCH Instruments
North America, LLC
129 Middlesex Turnpike
Burlington, MA 01803
Ph: 781-272-5353
www.netzsch.com
Glass - Ceramics - Refractories - Carbides
Whitewares - Raw Materials - Metals
XRF -ICP -GFAA - CI&F - C&S
Visit: westpenntesting.com
724-334-4140
NIB-Anz2_1211.indd 1
07.12.11 09:57
liquidations/used equipment
CERAMIC MACHINERY
and FACTORIES FOR SALE
WORLDWIDE
bulletin
Advertiser
Mohr trades ceramic machinery worldwide.
When your surplus machinery is on one
continent and the market is half-a-world
away, it is Mohr Corporation that will
put the deal together.
Your only global source
Corporate Offices:
P.O. Box 1600
Brighton, MI 48116 USA
Tel: +1 (810) 225-9494
Fax: +1 (810) 223-6647
Website: http://www.mohrcorp.com
Mohr offices and associates are strategically located worldwide
to give you local service anywhere in the world!
BUYING & SELLING
• Compacting
Presses
• Isostatic Presses
• Piston Extruders
• Mixers & Blenders
• Jar Mills
• Pebble Mills
• Lab Equipment
• Crushers &
Pulverizers
• Attritors
• Spray Dryers
• Screeners
• Media Mills
• Kilns & Furnaces
• Stokes Press Parts
Huge Inventory in our Detroit
Michigan warehouse
Contact Tom Suhy
(586) 469-0323
[email protected]
www.detroitprocessmachinery.com
maintenance/repair services
C E N T O R R
Vacuum Industries
AFTERMARKET SERVICES
Spare Parts and Field Service Installation
Vacuum Leak Testing and Repair
Preventative Maintenance
Used and Rebuilt Furnaces
55 Northeastern Blvd, Nashua, NH 03062
Ph: 603-595-7233 Fax: 603-595-9220
[email protected]
www.centorr.com/cb
Alan Fostier - [email protected]
Dan Demers - [email protected]
CUSTOM HIGH-TEMPERATURE
VACUUM FURNACES
September 2012
AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
Page No.
ACCCO Inc./Burley Clay Products
800-828-7539
[email protected]•www.accco-inc.com
54
AdValue Technology
53
502-514-1100
[email protected]•www.advaluetech.com
Alteo
[email protected]
www.alteo-alumina.com
9
American Ceramic Society, The Inside front cover,
www.ceramics.org
10
American Elements
www.americanelements.com
Back cover
C&L Development Corp.
408-864-0680
[email protected]
www.candldevelopment.com
11
Centorr/Vacuum Industries Inc.
800-962-8631
[email protected]•www.centorr.com/cb
55
Ceradyne Viox Corp.
206-763-2170
[email protected]•www.viox.com
54
Delkic & Associates
904-285-0200
53
Deltech Inc.
303-433-5939
www.deltechfurnaces.com
5
Detroit Process Machinery
586-469-0323
[email protected]
www.detroitprocessmachinery.com
55
Emilio Spinosa/AbNat Ltd.
513-360-7772
[email protected]
53
Geller Microanalytical Laboratory
978-887-7000
[email protected]•www.gellermicro.com
54
Harper International Corp.
716-684-7400
[email protected]•www.harperintl.com
54
3, 53, 54
614-231-3621
[email protected]•www.harropusa.com
Mohr Corp.
810-225-9494
[email protected]•www.mohrcorp.com
54
Netzsch Instruments NA, LLC
781-272-5353
[email protected]•www.netzsch.com
54
advertiSer index
Advertiser
Page No.
Powder Processing & Technology
219-462-4141x224
[email protected]
www.pptechnology.com
54
PremaTech Advanced Ceramic
53
508-791-9549
[email protected]•www.prematechac.com
Quality Executive Search Inc.
53
440-899-5070
[email protected]•www.qualityexec.com
Richard E. Mistler Inc.
800-641-1034
[email protected]•www.drblade.com
53
Sem-Com Co.
419-537-8813
[email protected]•www.sem-com.com
53
Sonic Mill
505-839-3535•www.sonicmill.com
53
Specialty Glass Inc.
813-855-5779
[email protected]•www.sgiglass.com
54
Technology Assessment & Transfer Inc.
www.techassess.com
53
UNITECR 2013
www.unitecr2013.org
Inside back cover
West Penn Testing Group
724-334-4140
www.westpenntesting.com
54
Zircar Zirconia Inc.
53
845-651-3040
[email protected]•www.zircarzirconia.com
Advertising Sales
Pat Janeway, Associate Publisher
[email protected]
ph: 614-794-5826
fx: 614-794-5822
Europe
Richard Rozelaar
[email protected]
ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676
fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076
Classified Advertising/Services
Pat Janeway
[email protected]
ph: 614-794-5826
fx: 614-794-5822
600 N. Cleveland Ave, Suite 210
Westerville, OH 43082
55
Ryan Wilkerson
and Liz Reidmeyer
deciphering the discipline
Guest columnists
Kevin Fox and Greg Hilmas carefully measure the drop height under the supervision of an enthusiastic group of onlookers.
The mug was not designed to survive
any sort of fall and was withheld from
the dropping part of the competition.
This year she hopes to make a mug that
will be aesthetically pleasing as well
as able to perform mechanically. Her
plan is to make a mug that will survive
a decent drop by altering the surface
properties the mug’s material.
The road to making a great mug can
be filled with trials and tribulations, but
it’s all worthwhile at the competition
when your mug gets dropped!
Although many students take a
somewhat haphazard
approach to the design
and fabrication of
their mugs, very sucReidmeyer with
cessful and interesting
her winning
mugs often are made.
aesthetic mug.
This friendly student
competition helps students learn by taking a
hands-on approach to
making a final product
and focusing on the
science and engineering underneath it all.
Students must decide
(Credit: ACerS.)
Each year, as the MS&T conference
approaches, students at Missouri S&T
prepare for the Student Mug Drop
competition, an annual event held at
the conference. Students strive to make
a ceramic mug that can survive being
dropped from ever-greater heights, and
the mug that survives the highest drop
is the crowned the winner.
This competition requires a large
amount of prep work, and each student
at Missouri S&T approaches the design
aspects of the competition differently.
Last year, for example, Ryan Wilkerson,
a senior in ceramic engineering, focused
primarily on a slip casting route. He
modeled his design after mugs that had
won in the past from Missouri S&T,
more specifically a composite oxide
system with a high toughness. This year
Wilkerson is getting started early and
taking a systematic approach to optimizing the mechanical properties and
improving the performance of his mug.
He plans to include multiple toughening mechanisms into his design, while
also preserving strength.
Liz Reidmeyer, a senior in ceramic
engineering, won the 2011 competition’s aesthetics division with her entry.
(Credit: ACerS.)
Mugs and Missouri
S&T at MS&T
56
which mechanical properties they want
to optimize, such as fracture toughness
or strength, while also determining
the optimal synthesis route. To top
all of this off, the mug shape must be
engineered to meet the contest’s design
specifications for volume and size, and
it must have a handle.
One of the most interesting parts of
the competition is just observing all the
other schools’ designs and considering
how elements from each potentially
could be commandeered and incorporated into one’s own mug. All in all,
the mug drop is always fun and draws
a large crowd of onlookers. It provides
a great opportunity for students from
different schools to socialize, while still
practicing their knowledge in the field
of materials science and engineering.
Missouri S&T will be there, and its
team looks forward to seeing what mug
designs and strategies other schools
bring to the competition.
Ryan Wilkerson and Liz Reidmeyer
are seniors in ceramic engineering at
the Missouri University of Science and
Technology. n
CALL FOR PAPERS! Abstracts due Oct. 1, 2012
13th Biennial Worldwide Congress on Refractories
Unitecr 2013
The Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories
September 10–13, 2013 | The Fairmont Empress and Victoria Conference Centre
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
UNITECR’13 is designed for manufacturers, scientists,
engineers and industry professionals interested in the
science, production and application of refractory materials.
Topics include:
– Advanced Testing of Refractories
– Advanced Installation Techniques & Equipment
– Monolithic Refractories
– Iron & Steel Making Refractories
– Raw Materials Developments & Global Raw Material Issues
– Refractories for Glass
– Cement & Lime Refractories
– Modelling and Simulation of Refractories
– Petrochemical
– Refractories for Waste-to-Energy Processing & Power
– Energy Savings through Refractory Design
– Nonoxide Refractory Systems
– Refractories for Chemical Processes
– Developments in Basic Refractories
– Global Education in Refractories
– Refractories for Nonferrous Metallurgy
– Safety, Environmental Issues & Recycling Solutions for
Refractories
Hosted by:
www.unitecr2013.org

September 2012

Transcription

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