GEOL101 Laboratory - Preparatory Lab for Midterm Exam

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GEOL101 Laboratory - Preparatory Lab for Midterm Exam
Introduction & Purpose: In this lab you will review and improve upon the geologic concepts and
skills covered in the first half of this geology laboratory course. The purpose of this laboratory is to
best prepare for the laboratory midterm exam that you will be taking next week. This worksheet is
designed to simulate the midterm exam material and format.
PART 1 - Mt Laguna Quadrangle Topographic Map
Directions: Study the topographic map provided to you by your. Answer the following map questions.
1. Verbal map scale? 1 centimeter of map distance equals ______ kilometer(s) of real ground distance.
2. The contour interval is ______ meters.
3. The magnitude (degrees) and direction (W/E) of magnetic declination for mapped region is _____ _____
4. Which direction do flashfloods run in Canebrake Wash?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Eastward
Westward
Impossible to tell.
Either eastward or westward - depends on the time of year.
5. What are the directions of latitude and longitude on this map?
a.
b.
c.
d.
North Latitude;
West Latitude;
North Latitude;
South Latitude;
South Longitude
East Longitude
West Longitude
East Longitude
6. What is the geographic location name listed on the map with the following UTM coordinates?
Northing: 3.646,000 m N, Easting 565,000 m E NOTE: This is Location “A” for later questions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Posta Indian Reservation
Al Bahr Shrine Camp
Vallecito Stage Station
Cibbets Flat La
Agua Caliente Springs
7. What are the latitude-longitude coordinates for Mount Laguna Air Force Station? Note: Location “B”.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Latitude = 33˚ 47’ 45”N
Latitude = 32˚ 37’ 45”N
Latitude = 32˚ 52’ 30”N
Latitude = 32˚ 48’ 40”N
Latitude = 31˚ 37’ 45”N
Longitude =
Longitude =
Longitude =
Longitude =
Longitude =
115˚ 20’ 00”W
116˚ 00’ 00”W
116˚ 25’ 00”W
116˚ 28’ 10”W
117˚ 10’ 00”W
8. What is the distance from Location A (Question 6) to Location B (Question 7)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17 kilometers
13 kilometers
10 kilometers
6 kilometers
3 kilometers
9. What is the AZIMUTH bearing from Location A(above question)? to Location B(above question)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
330
240
190
60
10
10. Which of the following quadrant compass bearings is the most accurate for the direction
starting from Location A (question 6) and heading to Location B (question 7)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bearing =
Bearing =
Bearing =
Bearing =
S60W
S60E
N45W
N45E
11. The Sawtooth Mountains are ________ sloped, and the slopes face ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
gradually-; west-east
steeply-; west-east
gradually-; north-south
steeply-; north-south
Part II. ISOSTASY: MODELING CRUSTAL BUOYANCY WITH THE MANTLE
Directions: The following set of questions pertains to a wood block floating in the water bath. Use the principles of
isostasy and the density of pure water to answer the questions below. Identify the letter of choice that BEST completes the
statement or answers the question.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following densities is closest to that of Block A? If density in between, choose higher
3
0.8 g/cm or greater
3
Between 0.6 and 0.7 g/cm
3
Between 0.4 and 0.6 g/cm
3
Less than 0.4 g/cm
13. Imagine if Block A was twice as thick as its present thickness. The thicker Block A would _________,
compared to thinner Block A.
a. extend higher out of the water.
b. extend lower into the water.
c. still have the same percentages out and in the water as the thinner block.
d. All of the above would be true.
e. Both b. and c. are true
14. Imagine if Block A was twice as dense as its present density. The denser Block A would _________, compared
to less dense Block A.
a. extend higher out of the water.
b. extend lower into the water.
c. still have the same percentages out and in the water as the thinner block.
d. All of the above would be true.
e. Both b. and c. are true
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
If the top 1/4 of Block A's thickness were removed, Block A would ____________.
rise out of the water.
sink lower into the water
just sit there - neither rise nor sink.
start spinning like a top.
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What happens when a continent undergoes a major ice cap glacial event?
The continent will rise up out of the mantle.
The continent will sink lower into the mantle.
The continent will just sit there - neither rise nor sink.
The continent will begin to move away from the pole toward the equator
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What happens after a major continental mountain building event ends, but heavy erosion continues?
The continent will rise up out of the mantle.
The continent will sink lower into the mantle.
The continent will just sit there - neither rise nor sink.
The continent will begin to move away from the pole toward the equator
Part III. Plate Tectonic Boundaries
Matching: Directions: Match the geographic location (Capital Letter) with its associated tectonic feature or setting
(small case letter(s)).
a. Transform plate boundary
b. Divergent plate boundary with
oceanic seafloor spreading
c. Divergent plate boundary with
continental rifting
d. Convergent plate boundary with
continent-continent collision
18. A ____
19. B____
25. H _____ 26. I ____
e.
a. + b.
b. + c.
c. + d.
20. C____
27. J ____
Hot spot volcanic center
Convergent plate boundary with oceanic-oceanic
subduction
Convergent plate boundary with oceanic-continental
subduction
Passive margin
21. D ____
28.
22. E ____
23. F ____
24. G ____
K ____
Part IV. Plate Movement Over a "Fixed" Hotspot - Louisville Seamount Chain Hot Spot Track
Directions: The Louisville Seamount (LS) chain is found in the South Pacific Ocean and is one of the longest seamount
chains in the world, rivaling the Emperor Seamount - Hawaiian Island (ES-HI) chain in the North Pacific. Assume that the
Louisville Seamount chain was created by a stationary mantle hotspot – like the Hawaiian Island chain that you studied in
lab. Below are several questions that address both of these oceanic volcanic chains, in terms of their inferred Pacific Plate
movement, direction and speed. Use the Louisville Hot Spot Plate Motion Diagram to calculate the average plate speed
and direction of the Pacific Plate.
Speed Formula: Speed = distance/time (cm’s/year)
Conversion Factor: 1 km = 100,000 (1 x 105) cm
29. What is average speed for the Pacific plate associated with the Louisville Hotspot?
a. 10 cm/yr or greater
b. Between 6 and 9 cm/yr
c. Between 3 and 6 cm/yr
d. Between 1 and 3 cm/yr
e. Less than 1 cm/yr
30. What's the average direction of motion of the Louisville Seamount chain (Pacific plate) over the hot spot?
a. North; b. Northeast; c. East; d. Southeast; e. South; a. + b. Southwest; a. + b. West; a. + b. Northwest
31. How do the LS and ES-HI hot spot tracks compare, based on a comparison of hot spot ages, directions
and speeds, in terms of whether they are on the same plate or on different plates?
The two hot spot traces appear to ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
be moving on the same tectonic plate.
be moving on different tectonic plates
have formed from the same hot spot.
None of the above.
PART V. MINERAL & ROCK RECOGNITION
Directions: Identify the letter of choice that BEST completes the statement or answers the question.
USE HAND LENS and HARDNESS TEST OFTEN!!
SAMPLE SET 1
32. Name these three mineral samples (labeled “A” , “B” and "C"); not necessarily in respective order.
a. gypsum, muscovite & biotite;
b. tourmaline, quartz & K-spar; c. magnetite, augite & hornblende;
d. calcite, halite & gypsum; e. plag, K-spar & quartz;
a + b. calcite, quartz & plagioclase;
b + c. tourmaline, quartz & garnet
c + d. tourmaline, quartz & garnet d + e. gypsum, quartz & garnet
33. What one, single, definitive property sets two of these minerals apart from the third?
a. luster;
b. cleavage (or lack of);
c. acid test
d. magnetism
e. color;
a + b. hardness;
34. What is the general hardness of these minerals?
a. all three are soft;
b. all three are hard; c. one is soft; the other two are hard
d. two are soft; the other is hard
35. ALL THREE minerals (labeled “A”, “B” and "C") are very abundant in which of the following rock pairs?
a. gabbro & basalt;
b. granite & rhyolite;
e. limestone & marble;
c. siltstone & claystone; d. chert & quartzite;
a + b. obsidian and peridotite
b + c. None of these pairs
SAMPLE SET2
36. Name this pair of mineral samples (labeled “A” and “B”).
a. muscovite & biotite;
e. quartz & olivine;
b. plagioclase & K-spar;
a + b.
gypsum & calcite;
c. augite & hornblende;
b + c. muscovite and calcite
d. gypsum and halite;
c + d.
K-spar & augite
37. Describe the cleavage pattern for sample “A”.
a. None;
b. 1 direction;
c. 2 directions; NOT @ 90º;
e. 3 directions; NOT @ 90º;
d. 2 directions; @ 90º;
a + b. 3 directions; @ 90º;
c + d. More than 3 directions
38. Describe the cleavage pattern for sample “B”.
a. None;
b. 1 direction;
c. 2 directions; NOT @ 90º;
e. 3 directions; NOT @ 90º;
d. 2 directions; @ 90º;
a + b. 3 directions; @ 90º;
c + d. More than 3 directions
39. What is the general hardness of these minerals?
a. Both are soft;
b. Both are hard;
c. One is soft; the other hard
d. No way to tell!
40. What property allows you a sure-fire positive means to differentiate mineral "A" from mineral “B”?
a. luster;
b. cleavage;
c. acid test
d. magnetism
e. color;
a + b. hardness
41. BOTH minerals (labeled “A” and “B”) are exclusively associated with which of the three major rock type?
a. igneous;
b. metamorphic;
c. sedimentary
SAMPLE SET 3
42. Name this pair of mineral samples (labeled “A” and “B”).
a. muscovite & biotite;
e. quartz & olivine;
b. plagioclase & K-spar;
a + b. augite & hornblende;
c. calcite and dolomite;
b + c. halite & gypsum;
43. Give cleavage direction(s) or pattern for sample “A”.
a. None;
b. 1 direction;
c. 2 directions; NOT @ 90º;
e. 3 directions; NOT @ 90º;
d. tourmaline and garnet
c + d. biotite and augite
d. 2 directions; @ 90º;
a + b. 3 directions; @ 90º;
b + c. More than 3 directions
44. Give cleavage direction(s) or pattern for sample “B”.
a. None;
b. 1 direction;
c. 2 directions; NOT @ 90º;
e. 3 directions; NOT @ 90º;
d. 2 directions; @ 90º;
a + b. 3 directions; @ 90º;
b + c. More than 3 directions
45. This pair of minerals (labeled “A” and “B”) are very abundant in which of the following rock pairs?
a. gabbro & basalt;
b. granodiorite & dacite;
e. limestone & marble;
c. granite & rhyolite; d. sandstone & shale;
a + b. chert & quartzite;
b + c. None of these pairs
46. What feature(s) allows you to positively differentiate mineral "A" from mineral “B”?
a. color
b. cleavage;
c. hardness; d. fizzes with acid
e. luster;
a + b. Both color and cleavage
SAMPLE SET 4
47. Name this pair of mineral samples (labeled “A” and “B”).
a. tourmaline and garnet b. plagioclase & K-spar;
c. augite & hornblende;
e. quartz & K-spar;
a + b. calcite and dolomite;
b + c. halite & gypsum;
d. muscovite & biotite;
c + d. biotite and calcite
48. Give cleavage direction(s) or pattern for these two samples.
a. None;
b. 1 direction;
c. 2 directions; NOT @ 90º;
e. 3 directions; NOT @ 90º;
d. 2 directions; @ 90º;
a + b. 3 directions; @ 90º;
c + d. More than 3 directions
49. What feature allows the identification of this mineral pair from the other common mineral types?
a. color;
b. hardness;
c. luster d. acid test
e. exsolution lamellae;
a + b. one direction of perfect cleavage;
b + c. striations;
c + d.
taste
50. What feature allows you to differentiate mineral "A" from mineral “B”?
a. taste;
b. hardness; c. luster
d. fizzes with acid
e. one direction of perfect cleavage;
a + b. exsolution lamellae;
b + c. striations;
c + d. color
51. Which rock would these minerals be in greater abundance: a foliated or non-foliated metamorphic rock?
a. non-foliated;
b. foliated;
c. no difference
d. not found in either of those rocks
SAMPLE SET 5
52. Name this pair of rocks samples (labeled “A” and “B”).
a. limestone and marble
b. granite and rhyolite; c. shale and schist;
e. siltstone and quartzite;
a + b. breccia and conglomerate;
d. gabbro and granite;
b + c. basalt and gabbro
53. Select correct rock classification for "Parent" (original protolith) rock sample.
a. Extrusive Igneous; b. Intrusive Igneous;
e. Biochemical sedimentary;
c. Detrital sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Chemical sedimentary;
b + c. Nonfoliated metamorphic
54. Select correct rock classification for "Daughter" (modified protolith) rock sample.
a. Extrusive Igneous; b. Intrusive Igneous;
e. Biochemical sedimentary;
c. Detrital sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Chemical sedimentary;
b + c. Nonfoliated metamorphic
55. Name of rock sample "B"?
a. breccia; b. marble;
c. shale;
d. schist; e. gabbro;
a + b. granite; b + c. sandstone
c + d. limestone;
SAMPLE SET 6
56. Name this pair of rock samples (labeled “A” and “B”), not necessarily in respective order.
a. sandstone and siltstone;
e. basalt and gneiss
b. gabbro and granite;
c. limestone and chert;
a + b. breccia and conglomerate;
d. schist and gneiss;
b + c. granite and basalt;
57. Rock Sample "A" has TWO distinctive textures. List TWO visible textures.
a. aphanitic and glassy; b. porphyritic and pyroclastic;
c. phaneritic and glassy;
d. pegmatitic and vesicular;
e. aphanitic and pegmatitic;
58. Name of rock Sample "B"
a. breccia; b. marble;
c. basalt d. gneiss; e. rhyolite;
a + b. granite; b + c. sandstone
c + d. gabbro;
59. Rock Sample "A" most likely formed at which one of the three major plate boundary settings?
a. Convergent;
b. Divergent;
c. Transform
60. Select correct rock classification for Sample "B".
a. Extrusive Igneous; b. Intrusive Igneous;
e. Carbonate sedimentary;
c. Silici-clastic sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Evaporate sedimentary;
b + c. Nonfoliated
SAMPLE SET 7
61. Name of rock sample labeled "A"?
a. mudstone;
b. sandstone;
c. conglomerate;
d. breccia;
e. chert;
a + b. limestone;
a + c. granite
d. breccia;
e. chert;
a + b. limestone;
a + c. granite
62. Name of rock sample labeled "B"?
a. mudstone;
b. sandstone;
c. conglomerate;
63. Which rock sample has a larger amount of clay?
a. Sample "A";
b. Sample "B";
c. Both have about the same amount of clay;
d. Neither has clay
64. Which rock sample most likely deposited closest to the site of the weathering source rock?
a. Sample "A";
b. Sample "B";
c. Both the same distance
65. Which rock sample most likely deposited furthest from the site of the weathering source rock?
a. Sample "A";
b. Sample "B";
c. Both the same distance
66. Which rock sample most likely deposited in calm, quiet waters (very low-energy environment)?
a. Sample "A";
b. Sample "B";
c. Both deposited in calm quiet waters
d. Neither
SAMPLE SET 8
67. Name this pair of rocks samples (labeled “A” and “B”), not necessarily in respective order.
a. limestone and marble b. granite and rhyolite; c. shale and schist;
e. sandstone and quartzite;
d. gabbro and granite;
a + b. breccia and conglomerate; c + d. basalt and gabbro
68. Solid-state mineralization processes that change parent (protolith) rock into the daughter rock occurs under
__________ conditions.
a. igneous;
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic;
69. Select correct rock classification for "Parent" (original protolith) rock sample.
a. Extrusive Igneous; b. Intrusive Igneous;
e. Biochemical sedimentary;
c. Detrital sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Chemical sedimentary;
b + c. Nonfoliated metamorphic
70. Select correct rock classification for "Daughter" (modified protolith) rock sample.
a. Extrusive Igneous; b. Intrusive Igneous;
e. Biochemical sedimentary;
c. Detrital sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Chemical sedimentary;
b + c. Nonfoliated metamorphic
71. Name of rock sample "B"?
a. breccia; b. marble;
c + d. limestone;
c. rhyolite;
d. sandstone
e. gabbro;
a + b. granite;
b + c. gneiss;
d + e. quartzite
SAMPLE SET 9
72. Name this two pair of rock samples (labeled “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”), not necessarily in respective order.
a. sandstone and siltstone; schist and gneiss;
c. limestone and chert; diorite and andesite
e. granite and rhyolite; basalt and gabbro
b. gabbro and granite; quartzite and marble
d. schist and gneiss; shale and sandstone
a + b. sandstone and siltstone; breccia and conglomerate;
b + c. basalt and gabbro; schist and gneiss;
c. + d. basalt and gabbro; shale and sandstone
73. Name of rock sample "A"?
a. breccia; b. marble; c. granite; d. gneiss; e. gabbro;
a + b. rhyolite;
b + c. sandstone; c + d. basalt
74. Select correct rock classification for samples "A" and "C"
a. Intrusive Igneous;
b. Extrusive Igneous;
e. Biochemical sedimentary;
c. Detrital sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Chemical sedimentary;
c + d. Nonfoliated metamorphic
75. Select correct rock classification for samples "B" and "D"
a. Intrusive Igneous;
b. Extrusive Igneous;
e. Biochemical sedimentary;
c. Detrital sedimentary;
a + b. Foliated metamorphic;
d. Chemical sedimentary;
c + d. Nonfoliated metamorphic
76. Cooling history of the magma of Samples "A" and "C" is inferred to be relatively_____________, whereas the
cooling history of the magma of Samples "B" and "D" is inferred to relatively ______________.
a. slow (1st blank); fast (2nd blank)
b. fast (1st blank); slow (2nd blank)
c. all four slow
PART VI. – SCRIPPS BEACH GEOLOGY –
True or False: Directions: Answer true or false to the following statements.
77. T or F The base of the Scripps Fm. has large "rip-up" clasts of Ardath Shale within a
conglomerate layer.
78. T or F Parts of the Ardath Shale contain trilobite fossils.
79. T or F Present-day coastal San Diego has similar depositional environments as were present
when the Scripps Fm and Ardath Shale were deposited way back in the middle Tertiary period.
80. T or F The Rose Canyon Fault is a left-lateral strike slip fault with a right-jogging kink; and has
tensional stress in the kink.
d. all four fast
Multiple Choice: Directions: Identify the letter of choice that BEST completes the statement or answers the question.
81. The correct order (OLDEST TO YOUNGEST) for the rock formations at Scripps Beach?
a. Igneous Intrusion, Ardath Shale, Scripps Fm.
b. Ardath Shale, Scripps Fm., Igneous Intrusion
c. Scripps Fm., Ardath Shale, Igneous Intrusion
d. Ardath Shale, Igneous Intrusion, Scripps Fm.
82. What is the most likely depositional setting for the Ardath Shale?
a. Low-energy deep water offshore shelf
b. High-energy open-ocean beach
c. Low-energy Lagoon
d. High-energy river sand bar
e. High-energy coral reef
83. When did the folding of layers within the Ardath Shale formation occur?
a. Long after it became solid rock.
b. While it was still soft sediment.
c. Soon after is became solid rock.
d. Recently, when the local uplift happened.
e. Hey, wait! The Ardath Shale has no folded layers.
84. The Scripps Formation was originally formed in what kind of depositional environment?
a. Low-energy submarine canyon
b. High-energy submarine canyon
c. Low-energy lagoon
d. Low-energy offshore shelf
e. High-energy open-ocean beach
85. The igneous intrusion was emplaced at a ________ depth, as evidenced by the rock's
_________ texture.
a. shallow ; coarse-grained
b. deep; coarse-grained
c. shallow; fine-grained
d. deep ; fine-grained
e. Can't tell emplacement depth from the rock's texture