Automotive Glasses

Transcription

Automotive Glasses

Session 7
Automotive Glasses
Session Speaker
Prof. C. Gopinath
© M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
1
Session Objectives
At the end of this session the delegate would have understood
• Different types of automotive glasses
• Recent development in automotive glass design
• Importance of glass in car design
• Role of Glazing for Car Safety
2
Session Topics
1. Types of Automotive Glasses
2. Developments in Automobile Glass Design
3. Glass and Car Design
4. Recent Developments in Window Design
5. Role of Glazing for Car Safety
3
Major Function of Automotive Glazing
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Major characteristics and functions of automotive glazing :
Better visibility
Better protection from temperature changes
Barrier to external noise.
Help to significantly reduce car’s weight
Display information about the interior and exterior of the car
Increase safety
Better aerodynamics
4
Glass and Car Design
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The major graphic element that defines the side of the car are :
5
Glass and Car Design
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Increased use of glass in modern car design
Architectural design: brighter spaces increases people’s feeling of
happiness
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Automotive Glass
7
Tempered Safety Glass
http://www.wh-yanhua.com/images/t.jpg
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Single - layer
Installed in a thickness of ~3.15mm
Effort are under the way to reduce the thickness to 2.5 to 2.1 mm
due to weight reduction
8
Laminated Safety Glasses (LSG)
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Double- layered, with thickness of 5 to 6 mm
Two sheet of glasses thickness of 2.1-2.6mm with intermediate
plastic inner layer made up of PVB (Poly Vinyl Butyral)
Effort are under the way to reduce the thickness to 1.6 mm
• Limited by mechanical property and stone impact protection
9
Laminated Safety Glasses (LSG)
Fixed side glass could be
reduced to 3.5 mm
Movable side window have
thickness of 5 to 6 mm
10
New trends in LSG
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In 80’s high end cars uses laminated backlights with embedded
tungsten wires for defrosting purpose
Use of laminated side glass started with Audi A8(1994)
followed by Mercedes S class (1996) and Volvo S80.
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New trends in LSG
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Wires : antennae and defrosting/ demisting circuits:
Started with antennae
• A fine metal wire was embedded in the PVB by use of a heated
needle before final lamination and provided radio reception
through the windscreen
Defrosting system in the backlight by use of heating wires
• Similar design followed for defrosting
Infrared reflective coatings:
Metal oxide and infrared reflective coatings are applied to
reflect 60 -70 % of invisible solar thermal radiation
Mechanical properties , noise behavior, interior and heating and
recycling problems must be considered .
So the use is limited to smaller areas (rear quarter windows)
12
New trends in LSG
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Laminated glass with improved acoustical :
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Reduce the wind noise and traffic noise in cabin
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New trends in LSG
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Plastic polycarbonate windshields:
Scratch resistance
Weight saving up to 15 to 40%
Advantage of design freedom
http://youngwoo2007.blogspot.com/2007_08_06_archive.html
Peugeot 308 RC Z Concept
14
Developments in Automobile Glass Design
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Initially
automobiles
were
inspired by horse drawn carriages
Car had no top and therefore no
windows.
Occupants were compelled to
wear goggles and a leather
helmet to protect their face.
VOITURETTE RENAULT (1889)
http://ressources3.techno.free.fr/mecanique/automobi/images/
15
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A
separate
Passenger
compartment
First change in the form of glass
aero screens
http://ressources3.techno.free.fr/mecanique/automobi/images/
VOITURETTE RENAULT (1889)
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Saloon cars : equal comfort for
both driver and passengers
Alfa Romeo 24 hp torpedo
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Aerodynamics of saloon cars
The curved windows and
panoramic windscreen were
identical in most of the car
design in that era.
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ALFA CASTAGNA(1913)
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Glazed roof for better interior lighting
http://www.bugatti.com/en/tradition/bugatti-models/t41-royale.html
Bugatti Type 41 Royal (1927)
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Sloping windshields : modern and dynamic appearance
http://www.bugatti.com/en/tradition/bugatti-models/t50.html
Bugatti Type 50 (1932)
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Automobiles produced before
the 1950's used flat glass for
the windshields and two piece
windshields were common
Use of curved glasses at the
end of 50s
FIREBIRD III
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http://www.swisscorvette.ch/history2.htm
Chevrolet Corvette (1953)
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Panoramic windshields and rounded rear window were mass
produced
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http://www.usounds.com/category/automobiles
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Citroen DS19 ( 1955-1965 )
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In Sixties, Seventies and
eighties : glass design
suggest greater power and
security but often lacked
interior brightness.
http://www.forum-auto.com/renault_2014.jpg
Renault 14
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At the end of 70’s : The
surface glazing on vehicles
has been increased
The average glaze surface
increase for the Fiat
production car was from
2.5m2 (‘70) up to 3.2 m2
(‘85 )
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Roundish shape bodies, show that the average increase in the total
glazing of the windshield and backlite can be nearly 10%.
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New driving force in early 90’s: leads to increase in transparent
areas in cars
The personalization of any car
Stronger wish to drive in a better relationship with the external
ambient
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The driving concept is based in four approaches:
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Lateral window wrapping horizontally
Windshield
and
backlite
wrapping vertically the roof
and horizontally the front and
back lateral windows
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Mazda CU-X
Backlite wrapping horizontally
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Toyota PRIUS
http://www.hobbieautocenter.com
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2. An additional front lateral window for better forward and back
vision
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4. Transparent roof or Larger or double sunroof
• Designers were looking for transparent roofs, bigger windshields
and backlights.
• Invincible interface between the driver and the outside world
• Multifunctional glazing
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Multifunctional Glazing
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Glass roof with electrotransparent panoramic roof and solar module
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Multifunctional Glazing
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Night illumination
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Daylight illumination
31
Recent Developments in Window Design
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A case study on Renault cars
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Bubble rear
window
Renault Fuego
http://www.diariomotor.com
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Renault focus on brightness and visibility, with “cars for living”
philosophy.
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The Modus concept car: Bubble Windscreen for allround visibility
in an urban environment for greater manoeuvrability and safety.
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Panoramic visibility
Solar cells along the transparent
roof panels
Complex-shaped rear window with
built-in aerodynamic spoiler.
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A case study on Renault cars
http://www.forum-auto.com/automobile-pratique/section1/sujet194551.htm
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Designed for conviviality and the pleasures of family travel by
better visibility
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Glazing systems to become structural members of the automobiles
and significant percentage of the total automobile weight.
The use of new products such as
• composite glass,
• tempered thin glass,
• glass/plasticid-layers
• allow a substantial decrease in glazing thickness, thus providing
an opportunity to further reduce total automobile weight.
36
Role of Glazing for Car Safety
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During a frontal crash, the
windshield strengthens the body
in white (BIW) and helps to
ensure structural integrity
The windshield has to support the
passenger airbag.
The geometry of the windshield –
in conjunction with the shape of
the dashboard – is an important
parameter
determining
the
exhaust direction of the Airbag
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Influence of glazing on structural integrity in a crash
At the time of roll over :
• The windshield has great influence on the strength of the roof in
the event of a vehicle rollover
• Tested by quasi-static roof crush test and the dynamic rollover
test.
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Influence of glazing on structural integrity in a crash
www.glassfiles.com
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Quasi-static roof crush test
Dynamic rollover test
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Windshield as a part of Airbag System
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Contact surface of airbagwindshield
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Air bags are positioning in the
dashboard and its large volume, the
airbag is supported to a considerable
extent by the windshield at the time
of impact
www.glassfiles.com
40
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Windshield as a part of Airbag System
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Ratio of forces at the
front
passenger
airbag
www.glassfiles.com
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The windshield, acts as a force reducing element in the airbag system
41
Summary / Conclusion
• Different types of automotive glasses and recent development in
automotive glass design have been discussed
• Importance of glass in car design and role of Glazing for Car Safety
have been illustrated
42

Automotive Glasses

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