special places inventory

Transcription

SPECIAL PLACES INVENTORY
FOR GREENVILLE COUNTY
SOUTH CAROLINA
UPSTATE FOREVER
August, 2005
Made possible by a grant from the Community Foundation of Greater Greenville
Special Places Inventory
For Greenville County
South Carolina
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
1
Purpose
2
Scope
3
Process of Developing the Inventory
4
Inventory of Special Natural Places
5
Inventory of Special Historic Places
12
Attachments:
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
Copy of Brochure
Newspaper Articles
Special Places Nominated by Public
Maps and Tables for Special Natural Places
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was funded by the Community Foundation of Greater Greenville. We wish
to express our profound gratitude to the Foundation and its outstanding Board of Directors
and staff for their support of this project. The Foundation turned a dream into reality.
We also wish to express our appreciation to the following members of the Steering
Committee whose guidance, encouragement and advice were of incalculable value to us during
the study:
Lezlie Barker, Community Foundation of Greater Greenville
Judy Benedict, Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission
Judy Cromwell, Naturaland Trust
Diane Eldridge, Upstate Forever
Nancy Fitzer, Urban Planner
Josh Gillespie, Greenville County Planning Commission
Dave Hargett, Pinnacle Consulting Group, A Division of North Wind, Inc.
Scott Johnston, Johnston Design Group
Rick Owens, Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission
Bill Ranson, Furman University
Brad Sauls, South Carolina Department of Archives and History
Bobby Watson, Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission
Dennis Bauknight, Natural Resources Conservation Service
Front cover photographs: Oconee Bell (a rare plant), Liberty Bridge at Falls Park (http//:www.tonysmithphotography.com,
copyright 2005), Mattoon Presbyterian Church, and Poinsett Bridge.
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I.
PURPOSE
Greenville County is one of the fastest growing and most rapidly changing counties in
the United States. Its population is increasing at the rate of 16 people per day, while its land is
being developed at the rate of 9 acres per day. That is the equivalent of almost an entire new
Haywood Mall every week.
The good news is that growth provides jobs and keeps our economy strong. The bad
news is that the manner in which growth is taking place in Greenville County has already
destroyed many of the county’s important natural and historic resources, and many others are
now gravely threatened.
Greenville County’s spectacular
economic success is due in large part
to these resources. It is no coincidence
that marketing materials for the county
almost always show one or more of the
county’s special places. For example, the
Greenville Chamber of Commerce’s
current “Welcome to Greenville”
billboard features Table Rock and the
adjoining reservoir.
Today quality of life is one of the key factors that determine where people live and
where businesses locate. For most people, the place is now more important than the job.
No element is more important in determining an area’s quality of life than the extent
and quality of its natural and historic resources. Thus, the protection of these resources should
be a priority not only for environmentalists and historic preservationists but for everyone.
The purpose of this study is to provide a list of the county’s special places. Our hope
is that the study will increase public awareness of these places and lead to the protection of
many of them before it is too late.
We are convinced that Greenville County can “have it both ways”—we can continue to
grow and prosper economically, while at the same time protecting the resources, features, and
structures that make this county such an extraordinary place.
But this cannot happen by accident—it will take funding, public support and political
courage. We hope this study is a step in that direction.
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II. SCOPE
The term “special place” immediately begs the question: What exactly is it? Unfortunately,
there is no widely accepted definition. What is “special” to one person or area may not be to
another.
For purposes of this study, the term has two components: natural and historic.
In defining a “special natural place,” we have relied on the research and findings of
natural resources scientists. There is now overwhelming consensus among these scientists that
the following natural resources are highly significant or “special”:
1.
Lands with prime soils
2.
Rivers and streams and the adjoining lands, known as “riparian buffers”
3.
Lands that provide habitat for rare and endangered plants and animal species
4.
Unusual geologic features, such as outcrops and waterfalls.
We have adopted these criteria for the purpose of defining many of the “special natural
places” in Greenville County. We also concluded that public parks and recreation facilities
merit designation as special places in the county.
Deciding on the criteria for a special historic place has been more difficult. Of course,
any site or building in Greenville County that is on the National Register of Historic Places
would qualify; however there are thousands of others that are not on this list but that are
clearly special from a state or local perspective.
In the end, we concluded that it was simply beyond the scope and budget of this project
to provide anything close to a complete inventory of all the special historic places in Greenville
County. (For example, an historic inventory for just the City of Greenville completed in 2003
cost approximately $60,000). Nonetheless, we are fortunate that in Greenville County experts
and researchers have already compiled a considerable amount of information. There is a
reference to that information at the end of the historic places section.
Finally, we wish to emphasize the word inventory. This study is just that—we have made
no effort to rank or prioritize any of the places that are listed here or in any of the referenced
sources. That would be a wonderful follow-up to this study.
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III. THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING THE INVENTORY
A.
Steering Committee
An outstanding group of experts and interested citizens kindly agreed to serve on the
Steering Committee for the project. Those members are listed in the Acknowledgments section.
We deeply appreciate the advice and guidance that each of them gave us throughout the study. We
could not have completed the project without their involvement and support.
B. Brochure
A brochure about the project (Attachment 1) was prepared and distributed at more than 35
locations throughout the county and mailed to over 1,500 people, seeking their nominations for
the county’s “special places.”
C. Media Outreach
Several newspapers and journals published articles and our guest editorial about the study.
See Attachment 2. The Greenville News kindly donated advertising space in three editions. This
support from the print media was important since we
did not have funding to promote the project on radio
and television.
D. Expert Assistance
Throughout the study we consulted experts
in the fields of environmental science, ecology,
natural resources, historic preservation, archeology
and planning. Several of these experts served on the
Steering Committee.
E. Website
We designed and maintained an interactive
website (www.greenvillespecialplaces.com) to serve as
a central source of information about the project and
through which nominations could be submitted. (The
site is no longer active.) We also developed a database
that was linked to the website and that automatically
organized and sorted the information for each
nomination.
Public Meeting at Fork Shoals
Elementary School
F.
Public Meetings
We held six public meetings at convenient locations throughout the county in an effort to
reach as many citizens as possible. Members of the Steering Committee and Upstate Forever staff
were on hand to explain the project and the nomination process. A total of 49 people attended the
meetings.
G. Nominations
We received a total of 67 nominations from the public—either at the meetings, through the
website, or by mail. All of the nominated sites are listed in Attachment 3.
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IV. INVENTORY OF SPECIAL NATURAL PLACES IN
GREENVILLE COUNTY
A. Northern Greenville County
All of northern Greenville County—from Scenic Highway 11 to the North Carolina
line—easily qualifies as a special place. Within this area the mountains come to a precipitous
end at a place the Cherokees called “The Blue Wall” (the geologic term is the Blue Ridge
Escarpment), as the elevation drops over 2,000 feet in less than half a mile. The result is a
heart-stopping showcase of streams and waterfalls, breathtaking scenic vistas, and a richly
diverse biota, including many species of rare and endangered plants and animals. There are
more species of trees in this area than in all of Europe. There is truly no area in the country
that is more beautiful or more ecologically significant than this section of Greenville County.
See Map 1 (Attachment 4).
Within this area are many individual resources, places and features that qualify as “special’
in their own right, including, but certainly not limited to:
● Poinsett Reservoir (a source of Greenville’s drinking water) and its watershed of
19,000 acres, all of which is protected by a conservation easement.
● Table Rock Reservoir (another source of Greenville’s drinking water) and its watershed
of 9,000 acres, all of which is also protected by a conservation easement. Some of
the watershed is located in Pickens County.
A headwater stream to the Saluda River in Jones Gap
State Park
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● The Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area—the 15,000-acre area that is the “bridge”
between the Table Rock and Poinsett Reservoir watersheds and includes Caesar’s
Head State Park and Jones Gap State Park.
● Scenic Highway 11—a federal and state scenic highway that traverses the entire county,
following the route used by the Cherokee Indians.
Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area (photo courtesy of Tommy Wyche)
● The three branches of the Saluda River—the South, North and Middle (South
Carolina’s first state scenic river).
● Head Foremost Falls—arguably the highest waterfall east of the Mississippi, depending
on how you define a “waterfall.” Located on private property in close proximity to
Jones Gap State Park, it crashes down the mountain in a series of cascades—from the
first to the last cascade, the total drop is over 1,000 feet.
• Rainbow Falls—the well-known waterfall at Camp Greenville.
• Wildcat Wayside Waterfall—this waterfall has a huge vertical overhang and alcove
below. The area is historically significant because it was constructed as a roadside rest
area by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s.
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• Falls Creek Falls—a 100 foot waterfall in the
heart of the Mountain Bridge Wilderness Area.
• Many mountain peaks, including Pinnacle
Mountain, Hogback Mountain, Big Top
Mountain, Glassy Mountain, Standingstone
Mountain and McCarroll Mountain, to name
just a few.
• “Pretty Place” at Symmes Chapel—one of
the most popular and beautiful views in South
Carolina.
• Raven Cliff Falls—the stunning 400-foot
waterfall that is the highlight of one of the most
popular hiking trails in the nation.
• Nine South Carolina Heritage Trust Preserves.
See Map 2 (Attachment 4). The South Carolina
Department of Natural Resources’ Heritage
Trust Program was created in 1976, the first
such program in the country. Its mission is
to inventory, evaluate and protect the most
outstanding representatives of our state’s natural
and cultural heritage.
Raven Cliff Falls
“Pretty Place” at Symmes Chapel (photo courtesy of George Schackel)
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B. Prime Soils
Prime soils are those soils that have the best combination of physical and chemical
characteristics for producing high yields of food and fiber. In Greenville County, prime soils
consist of the following types: Appling sandy loam (ApB), Cecil sandy loam (CeB), Durham
loamy sand (DuB), Helena sandy loam (HbB), Hiwassee sandy loam (HeB), Madison sandy
loam (McC), and Wickham sandy loam (WhB). These soils represent 16.7 per cent of the
county’s total land area. Their locations are shown on Map 3 (Attachment 4).
C. Rivers, Streams and Riparian Buffers
Rivers and streams have shaped not only the landscape of Greenville County but its
entire history. In fact, the City of Greenville’s very birthplace is Reedy River Falls, where
Richard Pearis built his grist mill in 1770.
For many years, the county’s rivers were natural resources appreciated and respected by
the community. Citizens relied on the rivers for food, water and recreation and as a source
of power for mills and plants. But as the Industrial Revolution swept across the county, we
turned our back on these rivers and subjected them to gross abuse, neglect and pollution.
Fortunately, since passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the pendulum has been
swinging back the other way toward respect and protection. There is no better example than
the Reedy River, once one of the most polluted rivers in the country. In the last ten years, we
have witnessed a true “Reedy Renaissance” in Greenville County that includes the spectacular
renovation of Falls Park, the construction of the breathtaking Liberty Bridge above the
waterfall, the Riverplace development upstream, the first Annual Reedy River Paddle Race, the
revitalization of Lake Conestee, and on and on.
All of the county’s major rivers and streams are designated as special places in the
inventory. See Map 4 (Attachment 4). These include the Reedy, Saluda, Enoree, the Middle
Tyger, and the South Tyger Rivers and their principal tributaries, such as Richland Creek, Grove
Creek, Mush Creek, Langston Creek, and Gilder Creek. There are many other tributaries
in the county that are not shown on the map. This does not mean that none of them is
“special”—rather, we simply had to “draw the line” somewhere for purpose of preparing the
map. Unlisted tributaries may well have significant conservation and scenic values. The map,
therefore, should be considered as incomplete.
Lands along rivers and streams, known as “riparian buffers,” are “special places” for
several reasons:
•
Absorbing Pollutants: Polluted runoff is slowed and absorbed in the buffer area, thus
keeping sediment, nutrients and pesticides out of rivers and streams.
•
Stabilizing Streambanks: Trees in the buffer area provide deep root systems that
hold soil in place, thus stabilizing streambanks and reducing erosion.
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•
Canopy and Shade: Cool stream temperatures maintained by riparian vegetation are
essential to the health of aquatic species.
•
Wildlife Habitat: Riparian buffers offer a diversity of habitat for wildlife.
Based on the research and recommendations of environmental agencies and scientists,
a buffer of 100 feet (measured from the streambank) is appropriate for the major rivers and a
buffer of 35 feet for the tributaries.
D. Public Parks and Recreation Areas
Parks, recreation areas and greenways are essential elements of a community’s quality of
life, providing wonderful places for citizens to play, walk or simply relax. Most of Greenville
County’s public parks are shown on Map
5 (Attachment 4) and described in the
accompanying table.
1.
State Parks
There are three state parks in
Greenville County: Caesar’s Head (5,513
acres), Jones Gap (2,805 acres), and Paris
Mountain (1,467 acres).
2. County Parks
The Greenville County Recreation
District currently owns and operates 41
facilities, totaling approximately 11,000
acres.
3.
Caesar’s Head
City Parks
The cities of Greenville, Greer, Simpsonville, Travelers Rest, Fountain Inn, and Mauldin
own and operate approximately 40 parks and recreational facilities in Greenville County,
totaling about 1,700 acres.
E. Habitat for Rare and Endangered Species
Today, our planet is losing its species faster than at any other time in all of human history.
The current extinction rate is at least 1,000 times higher than the background rate, which is the
number of extinctions that would occur in the absence of human influence. As various life
forms disappear forever, ecosystems are irreversibly damaged. Humans, too, lose the benefits
of what Edward Wilson describes as “nature’s pharmacopoeia”—for example, nine of the ten
leading prescription drugs originally came from organisms in tropical rainforests.
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Thus, those places that provide habitat for rare and endangered species are clearly
“special.” In order to protect these places from unfriendly visitors, we have not included their
locations in this report; most of them are located in northern Greenville County. The species
are listed in Attachment 4.
F.
Lands Protected By Conservation Organizations
Many landowners in Greenville County are troubled by the manner in which the county is
growing and are seeking ways to preserve their properties. They do not want to see their lands,
which have often been in the family for generations, turned into cookie cutter subdivisions and
strip malls. They are looking for other options. One of the best options for these landowners
is the conservation easement, which is essentially a contract between the owner and a land trust
organization in which the owner relinquishes the right to develop some or all of the property.
Contrary to popular belief, a conservation easement does not open private land to public use.
It is up to the landowners to decide if they want to allow any public use of the property. In
most cases, title to the property, along with the right of exclusive use and enjoyment, remain
with the landowner. Both Congress and the South Carolina General Assembly have provided
tax incentives to landowners to protect their properties in this manner.
The conservation easement is an increasingly popular tool in Greenville County and
across the nation. In Greenville County, to date approximately 37,500 acres have been
protected through conservation easements granted to The Nature Conservancy, Upstate
Forever, Naturaland Trust and Friends of Reedy River. Information about these easements is
provided on Map 2 (Attachment 4) and the accompanying table.
In addition, The Nature Conservancy, Naturaland Trust, The Conestee Foundation,
and Friends of Reedy River own title to several important tracts in Greenville County. These,
too, are shown on Map 2 (Attachment 4) and the accompanying table.
The 200 acre Sloan Property in southern Greenville County, protected by
a conservation easement
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G.
Others
1.
Reedy River Falls - Greenville’s birthplace, now celebrated by the spectacular
Falls Park and spanned by the new Liberty Bridge.
2.
Lake Conestee - Just a few miles from downtown Greenville, the Reedy River
flows into Lake Conestee. The lake, created in 1838, has suffered through decades of pollution
and sedimentation, but an exciting plan is now being implemented to establish a spectacular
park around the lake, providing wildlife habitat and green space in the heart of one of the
fastest growing areas in the Upstate.
Lake Conestee
3.
Cedar Falls - This scenic waterfall on the Reedy River is located in the southern
part of the county downstream from the old Fork Shoals mill.
4.
Saluda Lake - Saluda Lake is a 331 acre lake constructed in 1905 along the
border of Greenville and Pickens Counties. Public access to the lake is at Motor Boat Club
Road off of Highway 25.
5.
Lake Cunningham - Lake Cunningham is 376 acre lake located on the South
Tyger River at Highway 14 and River Road near Greer. The lake was constructed in 1957 and
is owned by Greer Public Works Commission. A public park with a boat ramp and fishing pier
is located at one end of the lake on Highway 101.
6.
Lake Robinson - Lake Robinson is an 800 acre lake located on the South Tyger
River off Highway 101 in Greer. The lake was completed in 1984 and is also owned by the
Greer Public Works Commission. Public access is provided by a boat ramp and fishing pier.
7.
Berry’s Mill - This site, located along Highway 14 in northeastern Greenville
County, has both environmental and historical significance: extensive wetlands, valuable wildlife
habitat, and the site of one of the first textile manufacturers in the state.
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V.
INVENTORY OF SPECIAL HISTORIC PLACES IN
GREENVILLE COUNTY
This section provides a brief description of all the places in Greenville County that
have been listed on the National Register and that have been officially designated as significant
by local governments. As noted in the introductory section, however, there are thousands
of other special historic places in Greenville County that have not been listed or designated.
It is beyond the scope of this project to provide anything close to a complete inventory of
these places. Fortunately, there are many books, articles and other resources that describe
and discuss many of the county’s special historic places. They are listed at the end of this
section.
National Register of Historic Places Listings
The National Register of Historic Places is a list of properties significant in the nation’s
past. Maintained by the National Park Service since it was first authorized under the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966, this list coordinates public and private efforts to identify,
evaluate, and protect historic and archeological resources. Properties listed on the Register
include districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are significant in American
history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. Properties are added to the list by
nominations submitted by citizens through State Historic Preservation Offices. As of June
15, 2005, there are 8 historic districts and 48 properties in Greenville County that are on the
National Register of Historic Places.
The South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office oversees the nominating process
for the state’s National Register listings. Sections 7 and 8 of the nomination forms contain
considerable information about the properties and districts that are nominated and why they
are considered significant. Copies of the South Carolina National Register nominations are kept
by the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office and are available through the Research
Room at the Archives and History Center in Columbia. These files contain nominations and
photographs of the South Carolina listings. Scans of these documents will be available on-line
by the end of 2005. To access this information on the internet go to:
http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/nrlinks.htm.
The National Register of Historic Places listings in Greenville County are briefly
described below. The listings are grouped by districts and individual property nominations.
Within these sections, properties appear in chronological order according to the date they
were first listed on the National Register.
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Districts
Hampton-Pinckney Historic District
The Hampton-Pinckney Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic
Places in December of 1977. Houses in this West
Greenville Historic District were mostly built in
the late nineteenth and early twentieth century
because of the proximity of the trolley car line
on West Washington Street. Although most of
the architecture is Queen Anne and Craftsman
style, there are also examples of Greek-Revival,
Italianate, and Gothic-Revival. The area is
associated with several local leaders including
Vardry McBee, who was largely responsible for
transforming early nineteenth century Greenville
into a textile center. Heyward Mahon and
Henry Briggs, who were Greenville mayors in
the early 1900s, lived in the Hampton-Pinckney
neighborhood.
There are 70 contributing structures in
the Hampton-Pinckney Historic District. Among
these is Mattoon Presbyterian Church, which
Hampton-Pinckney Historic District
was built in 1888 and is one of Greenville’s earliest
African American churches. (See cover photo).
Greenville historic preservation specialist,
Robert Benedict, has written an excellent walking
tour description of the Hampton-Pinckney
Historic District. The walking tour is available on
the City of Greenville website at:
h t t p : / / w w w. g r e a t e r g r e e n v i l l e . c o m /
neighborhoods/hamp-pinck_tour.pdf
Paris Mountain State Park Historic District
Bathhouse at Paris Mountain State Park
The Paris Mountain State Park Historic
District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April of 1998. Located just
north of the city of Greenville, this 1,275 acre park is historically significant because of its
association with the development of state parks in South Carolina. Constructed by the Civilian
Conservation Corps (CCC) between 1936 and 1940, the park is a physical representation of
the early twentieth century promotion of conservation and recreation through state parks. The
rustic-style architecture and landscape designs reflect the indigenous materials and construction
techniques favored by the CCC. Among the many architecturally significant structures are the
Bathhouse Complex and Camp Buckhorn.
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Reedy River Industrial District
The Reedy River Industrial District is located along the river between River Street and
Camperdown Way. It was placed on the National Register in 1979. The area has been home to
several Greenville industries including the Huguenot Mill, the Greenville Coach Factory, Dukes
Mayonnaise Factory, and the Markley Carriage Factory. Constructed in 1882, the Huguenot
Mill is a relic of downtown Greenville’s industrial past. The red brick mill office is located on
West Broad Street behind the Peace Center and now houses modern offices. The Peace Center,
which was completed in 1990, is a good example of the adaptive re-use of historic buildings.
The historic Romanesque and Italianate style brick industrial structures were incorporated in
the six acre complex. Today, the Peace Center for Performing Arts hosts many performances
and events that contribute to Greenville’s quality of life.
Col. Elias Earle Historic District
This Greenville district is noteworthy for its mix of early twentieth century architecture
and includes Earle, James, North Main, and Rutherford Streets. The district was listed on the
National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The district is architecturally important because
of its concentration of early twentieth century structures. Styles include Neoclassical Revival,
Tudor, Dutch Colonial, and Georgian Revival. Two properties within the neighborhood are
individually listed on the National Register: Whitehall and Earle Town House, both built in the
early nineteenth century. The twentieth century properties which make up the district reflect
the influence of the automobile. Many have side driveways, porte-cocheres, or rear garages.
Pettigru Street Historic District
The Pettigru Street Historic District is
located to the east of downtown Greenville
and contains 88 structures. It was listed on the
National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Comprised of Pettigru, Whitsett, Williams,
Manly, East Washington, Broadus, Toy, and
Boyce Streets, this district reflects architectural
development in Greenville from the 1890s to the
Pettigru Historic District
1930s. The area’s buildings include the Colonial
Revival, Craftsman, and Queen Anne styles. Once part of the James Boyce and Rowley family
estates, this area was largely unsettled until the turn-of-the-century. Sections of the Boyce
estate were subdivided by 1900 and Victorian houses began to appear. The streets established
after subdividing the land were named after the faculty members of the Furman Theological
Seminary. The district was home to many prominent businessmen and mill owners. The
largest historic district in the city, today the Pettigru neighborhood has a mix of residences
and commercial offices.
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West End Commercial Historic District
This district, nominated to the National Register in 1993, consists of many commercial
properties south of the Reedy River in the city of Greenville. The resources date from
about 1869 through 1939, with most from the 1880s to the early 1920s, a period of extensive
development in the area. This district developed after the Civil War near the first Furman
University campus and the nearby Greenville and Columbia Railroad depot.
West End Historic District
Woodside Cotton Mill Village Historic District
An excellent example of an early twentieth century South Carolina mill village, this
district illustrates a changing pattern of housing types within its four divisions. The mill was
constructed by local grocery merchant John T. Woodside in 1902 and is located at Woodside
Avenue and East Main Street in Woodside. Nominated to the National Register of Historic
Places in 1987, the Woodside Cotton Mill Village is a good representation of the architecture
associated with the rise of the textile industry in Greenville in the first half of the twentieth
century.
Greer Downtown Historic District
The Greer Downtown Historic District covers portions of Trade Street, East Poinsett
Street, Randall Street, Victoria Street, and North Main Street. The district was listed on the
National Register in 1997 and the boundaries of the district were increased in 2004. The
contributing structures in the district represent Greer’s commercial development from about
1900 to 1940. The high concentration of buildings built between 1910 and 1930 represent
Greer’s transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Many of the buildings were
designed by local architect Thomas Keating. The wedge-shaped Planter’s Savings Bank is
one of the notable structures in the district. The building was designed by Greenville architects
James Douthit Beacham and Leon Legrand in 1921.
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Individual Property Listings
Earle Town House
Nominated to the National Register in 1969, this Greenville home at 107 James Street
was built on land bought from Vardry McBee. The residence is a beautiful Georgian structure
set back 160 feet from the road. This was Greenville County’s first listing on the National
Register.
Whitehall
Charleston resident Henry Middleton was the son of the Declaration of Independence
signer Arthur Middleton and used Whitehall as his summer home. Henry Middleton had a
distinguished career, serving as president of the Continental Congress, as a member of both
the House of Representatives and the Senate, and as Governor of South Carolina. Whitehall,
constructed in 1813, is now a private residence and is located at 310 Earle Street. Whitehall
was listed on the National Register in 1969.
Poinsett Bridge
The Poinsett Bridge has one of the oldest
spans, or base structures, in South Carolina. It is
located four miles north of Tigerville and was
named for Joel Poinsett, the director of South
Carolina public works, secretary of war, and minister
to Mexico. The bridge was constructed in 1820 and
was part of the old State Road that connected the
South Carolina upcountry with North Carolina. It
is a spectacular, gothic-like structure of stone with a
12-foot arch spanning Little Gap Creek surrounded
by rhododendron and hardwoods. The bridge is
constructed of stones fitted together without the
use of mortar. The bridge was listed on the National
Register in 1970.
Poinsett Bridge
In 2003, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, through its Heritage
Trust program, purchased the bridge and approximately 120 acres of the surrounding land.
The bridge and land will be leased to the Greenville County Recreation District for use as an
historic nature park for public use and enjoyment.
Christ Episcopal Church and Churchyard
Situated at 10 North Church Street, Christ Church is Greenville’s oldest organized
religious body. The present building was constructed between 1852 and 1854, and is the
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oldest church building in Greenville. Many distinguished citizens are buried in the church
graveyard, including Benjamin Franklin Perry and Vardry McBee. The church and graveyard
were listed on the National Register in 1970.
Christ Episcopal Church and Churchyard
McBee Methodist Church
Nominated to the National Register in 1972, this church, also called McBee Chapel, is
on Conestee’s Main Street and was built at the request of Vardry McBee’s son, Alexander, in
1841. The church was designed in an octagonal shape to accommodate 150 people, and it
remains one of only three such churches in the United States.
Reedy River Falls Historic Park and Greenway
This beautiful park in downtown Greenville celebrates the city’s birthplace. Established
over thirty years ago, the park was recently made even better by removing the hideous
Camperdown Bridge for cars and replacing it with the breathtaking Liberty Bridge for
pedestrians. Falls Cottage, which is included in this 1973 National Register listing, was built in
the late nineteenth century for W.E. Touchstone, the superintendent of Camperdown Mills.
McBee Methodist Church
Falls Cottage
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Fountain Fox Beattie House
This two-story, Italianate house was built in 1834 by Fountain Fox Beattie, as a present
to his wife, Emily Hamlin. In 1949, the building was in danger of being razed and was moved
to 1 Beattie Place by a group of concerned women. In 1983, the house was finally moved to
its present location on N. Church Street, and is currently the home of the Greenville Women’s
Club.
Josiah Kilgore House (Lewis Kilgore House)
This house at 560 North Academy Street is one of the oldest structures in Greenville
County. It was listed on the National Register in 1974. Also called the Lewis-Kilgore House, it
was originally built on Buncombe Street by Josiah Kilgore, a South Carolina State Representative,
between 1835 and 1838. The Greek Revival house was acquired by the Greenville Garden
Club in 1974 and moved to its current location near McPherson Park in July of that year.
Gilreath’s Mill
This mill, four miles northwest of Greer on SC-101, exemplifies South Carolina’s
tradition of rural industry. It was constructed in 1812 by Joel Bruce and operated as a corn
mill and later as a flour mill. P.D. Gilreath bought the mill in 1890, and his descendants retain
ownership. Also called Heller’s Mill, Bruce’s Mill, and Taylor’s Mill, it was listed on the National
Register in 1976.
Cherrydale
Originally located at 1500 Poinsett Highway, this Greek Revival structure housed James
Clement Furman, a Baptist minister and active participant in educational and political affairs.
The house was listed on the National Register in 1975. In 1999, Cherrydale was moved to the
campus of Furman University.
Cherrydale
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Fairview Presbyterian Church
Organized in 1786 and constructed in 1857, this rural church features family pews, a
slave gallery, and unusual tombstones. The twin entrances under its portico and the side doors
leading to the gallery are typical of the popular meeting house style. Located at 126 Fairview
Church Road in Fountain Inn, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic
Places in 1977.
Fairview Presbyterian Church
Downtown Baptist Church
Originally the First Baptist Church, this building is located in the heart of Greenville, at
101 W. McBee Ave. A large, historic building, it was designed by architect Samuel Sloan and
built of brick and stucco in 1858. Architectural features include six Ionic columns, a central
pediment and spire, and numerous steps. Due to the congregation’s growth, many members
moved to a bigger building on Cleveland Street, and the remaining members re-named this
church Downtown Baptist Church.
John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church
John Wesley Methodist is one of Greenville’s earliest churches and one of the state’s
first separate black congregations. Constructed at the end of the eighteenth century at the
intersection of Falls and Court Streets, the building is a two story brick cruciform structure in
the Gothic Revival style. In 1978, the church was listed on the National Register.
William Bates House
This house, east of Greenville on SC-14, is significant as the former home of textile
pioneer, William Bates. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in
1978.
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Broad Margin
In 1951, Frank Lloyd Wright designed this Usonian-style home at 9 West Avondale
Drive. The house, completed in 1954, is one of only two houses designed by Wright in South
Carolina. The house has radiant heating and walls of cypress, glass, and rock. Wright is one
of America’s most prominent architects. Wright’s Usonian-style houses are simple, one-story
residences designed with native materials for middle-income families. The house was listed on
the National Register in 1978, only 24 years after it was completed.
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broad Margin
T. Q. Donaldson House
This Italianate-style house at 412 Crescent Avenue in Greenville was owned by Thomas
Q. Donaldson, a lawyer, state senator, the first president of Huguenot Mill, vice-president of
City National Bank, and president of the Mechanics Perpetual Building and Loan Association.
The house was built in 1863 for William Williams, a
professor at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary,
and listed on the National Register in 1980.
Arthur Barnwell House
This house, located to the south of Greer on
S.R. 14, is significant because of its connection to
the development of Pelham Mills, a cotton factory
established in the 1880s. The Queen Anne style
residence was listed in the National Register in 1982.
American Cigar Factory
American Cigar Factory
This brick building in the East Court Street Central Business District was the largest
brick building in Greenville at the time of its construction in 1903. It was one of only five
factories in the South operated by the American Cigar Company. After the company closed,
the building was occupied by the Piedmont Shirt Company. At age 19, Max Heller escaped
his Nazi-occupied Austrian homeland and came to Greenville to work as a stock boy for the
Piedmont Shirt Company. Thirty years later, he was the mayor of Greenville.
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Chamber of Commerce Building
Erected in 1925, this ten-story skyscraper was the third high-rise building in Greenville.
Located at 135 South Main Street on the site of Robert Mills’ Record Building, the building
features neoclassical detailing, a modillioned metal cornice, and large arched windows above
a decorative stone belt course on the upper story. The building is currently used as modern
offices.
Davenport Apartments
This apartment building, situated at 400-402 East Washington Street in Greenville, was
developed by G.D. Davenport and is significant as a local interpretation of early twentieth
century architecture. Designed by local architect Joseph L. Lawrence, and constructed by
Eugene Gilphilan in 1915-1916, this was the first apartment building in the city. The building
Greenville Gas and Electric Company
Also listed on the National Register in 1982, this two-building brick complex was
constructed in the 1890s and housed one of the first electric generating plants in the area.
In recent years, the complex has been adapted to house a modern office, wine store, and
restaurant.
Davenport Apartments
Greenville Gas and Electric Company
Chamber of Commerce Building with Poinsett Hotel in
background
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Isaqueena
Also known as the Gassaway mansion, this residence was built between 1920 and
1924 by Minnie Quinn and Walter Gassaway. The house’s 22,000 square feet and extravagant
features like Italian tiles and Tiffany windows brought the cost to nearly $800,000 at the time
of its construction. The Greenville Art Association bought the house in 1959, and in 1977,
the Emmanuel Temple used the residence as a church school. Today the mansion is privately
owned and frequently hosts special events. It is located at 106 DuPont Drive in Greenville and
Lanneau-Norwood House
Charles H. Lanneau built this 417 Belmont Avenue house in 1877 in the Second Empire
style. The large, two-and-a-half story brick house is considered one of the best examples of
Victorian architecture in Greenville. Decorative elements include balustrades, scrolled brackets,
pavilions, and an octagonal tower. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic
Places in 1982.
Mills Mill
This mill on Greenville’s Mills Avenue
was one of the city’s major mill complexes in the
nineteenth century and was sometimes called Mills
Centre. The building was constructed in the 1890s
and has a prominent Romanesque-style tower. The
building was listed on the National Register in 1982
and was recently adapted for loft residences.
Lanneau-Norwood House
Poinsett Hotel
This 12-story Greenville hotel was designed by New York architect W. L. Stoddard and
built by J. E. Sirrine Company at 120 South Main Street. It operated from 1925 until the 1970s,
when it was transformed into apartments for the elderly. It was listed on the National Register
in 1982. In 2000, Westin reopened the hotel after a two-year, $23 million restoration.
Williams-Earle House
Noteworthy architectural elements and integrity of location make this house significant.
The house, also known as Holly Hill or Ivy Lawn, is located at 319 Grove Road in Greenville.
The Greek Revival house was finished by Dr. Thomas Williams in 1850, though some parts
date to 1830. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Working Benevolent Temple and Professional Building
At the corner of Broad and Fall Streets, this building is closely connected to the
development of the black business district in Greenville. The three story brick building was
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constructed in 1922. In the 1960s, it became the center of the Civil Rights movement in
Greenville. It was listed on the National Register in 1982. Though the building is now used
for offices, its cornerstone acknowledges the history of the structure.
Cureton-Huff House
This house, located southwest of Simpsonville on SC-176, was built for John Moon
Cureton in the early nineteenth century. Cureton was a successful farmer and the house and
farm are characteristic of vernacular building traditions in the region. The farmhouse was
listed on the National Register in 1983.
John H. Goodwin House (Blythe-Goodwin-Hagood House)
Located on Scenic Highway 11 just west of its intersection with U.S. Highway 25, the
John H. Goodwin or Blythe-Goodwin-Hagood House was built in 1790. It is one of the finest
surviving examples of early architecture in the foothills and mountain regions of the South.
From 1840 until 1900, the house was the “mid-way” stage stop for persons traveling on the
old road between Greenville and Asheville. The adjacent red building served as an area post
office and store for travelers well into the 20th century. The house was listed on the National
Register in 1983.
Imperial Hotel
Standing at 201 West Washington Street, the 7-story Imperial Hotel highlighted Greenville’s
commercial growth when it became the city’s first skyscraper in 1912. Later called Hotel
Greenville, the original building was constructed of load-bearing masonry. Later additions,
including a 7-story annex in 1917, used steel frame with brick veneer. The hotel was built in the
midst of Greenville’s early twentieth century building boom and filled a great need for hotel
rooms in the expanding city. It was listed on the National Register in 1985.
Greer Depot
Situated at 311 Trade Street in Greer, the Depot played an integral role in servicing Greer
residents and manufacturers. Sometimes called the Piedmont and Northern Depot, the twostory brick depot was constructed in 1913. The Italian Renaissance style building has a hipped
roof with widely overhanging eaves supported by decorative brackets. It was listed on the
National Register in 1987.
Pelham Mills Site
A fire in 1941 destroyed most of the buildings associated with this mill, but the nearby
office survived. The office and ruins are located north on Highway 14 and just past I-85 in the
town of Pelham. This mill’s ruins consist of a complex series of stone and brick foundations
spanning the floodplain, rock shoals, and terrace overlooking the Enoree River. The site, also
known as Buena Vista Factory, Hutchings Factory, and Lester Factory, has a history that spans
back to the early nineteenth century. It was listed on the National Register in 1987 for its
significance in representing the industrial history of the area.
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George Salmon House (C. Douglas Wilson Farm)
Located near the North Saluda River in Travelers Rest, this property is important because
of its association with one of Greenville’s first settlers, a prominent surveyor named George
Salmon. The property is located along S.C. 414, 1.8 miles west of U.S. 25. It was listed on the
National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
First National Bank
Located at 102 South Main Street, this bank is a rare example of Art Deco architecture
in Greenville. Also noteworthy is the building’s past connection to the National Bank of
Greenville, which was chartered in 1872. The 1917 building and the 1952 addition were
commissioned by Fountain Fox Beattie and designed by S.L. Trowbridge. Today, the building
is occupied by Carolina First Bank.
First National Bank
Tullyton
This house is located at 606 Hickory Tavern Road in Fountain Inn. Also known as the
Bolling-Stewart House, the property features elements of the Greek Revival and Federal styles
as well as early nineteenth century brickwork. It was listed on the National Register in 1990.
Simpsonville First Baptist Church
Located at 106 Church Street in downtown Simpsonville, this Romanesque church was
designed by Luther D. Proffit, a Spartanburg architect, in the early twentieth century. It was
listed on the National Register in 1992.
C. Granville Wyche House
Located at 2900 Augusta Street, this home is a good example of depression-era Italian
Renaissance architecture. Built by Silas D. Trowbridge, the house was listed on the National
Register of Historic Places in 1993.
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Greenville County Courthouse
The design of the original courthouse
at 130 South Main Street was attributed to
either Joel Poinsett or Robert Mills in the
1840s. The Gothic style building was not
finished until 1855. In 1916, it was replaced
with the current Beaux Arts style courthouse.
It was listed on the National Register in
1994.
Parker High School Auditorium
Located at 900 Woodside Avenue in
Greenville, this auditorium was built in 1938
by the Works Progress Administration. The
auditorium was built at a cost of $50,000
and was named for Thomas F. Parker, local
mill executive. The dedication ceremony
was held on March 26, 1940. Listed on the
National Register of Historic Places in 1996,
it was also designated by the Greenville
County Historic Preservation Commission
in 2000.
Greenville County Courthouse
Louis James House
Located at 401 W. Poinsett Street in Greer, this early twentieth century Colonial Revival
style house was built by J.C. Cunningham and Henry R. Trott for Louis James, a Greer cotton
broker. The house was listed on the National Register in 1996.
Carolina Supply Company
The Carolina Supply Company was established in 1899 and provided equipment and
supplies for textile mills and industrial businesses. The Company moved to this 35 West Court
Street location in 1914. The four-story Renaissance Revival building was designed by John A.
McPherson of J. E. Sirrine and Company. The interior of the building has pressed tin ceilings
and mosaic tile floors. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
Davenport House
Located at 100 Randall Street in Greer, this house was listed on the National Register
of Historic Places in 1999. This two-story Tudor Eclectic style house features decorative halftimbering and stucco wall cladding.
R. Perry Turner House
Located at 211 N. Main Street in Greer, this house was listed on the National Register
of Historic Places in 1999. The classically detailed house features a two-story portico and was
designed by local architect Willie Ward.
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Robert G. Turner House
Located at 305 N. Main Street in Greer and also designed by Willie Ward, this house was
listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. This two-story brick house features
a prominent brick chimney on the front as well as Colonial Revival style details.
Brushy Creek
Also known as the Cromwell Farm, this property at 327 Rice Street in Greenville is an
unusual example of a farm existing inside the city. The property consists of land, a house, and
a barn. The Greek-Revival house is thought to have belonged to Vardry McBee in the 1800s.
The barn was built ca. 1870 and integrates half of a log cabin, with a stone chimney and “V”
notching. The property was listed on the National Register in 1999.
Hugh Aiken House
Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, this Colonial Revival style
house is significant because it was designed by William Riddle Ward, a prominent local architect.
It is located at 1 Parkside Drive in Greenville.
The Burdette Building
This two-story building at 104 East Curtis Street in Simpsonville was built in 1921. The
main occupant was B. W. Burdette & Bros. Hardware. Other tenants included a dry goods
store, millinery shop, drug store, a department store, and a post office. The building was listed
on the National Register in 2003.
Gilfillin and Houston Building
This two-story commercial building at 217-219 East Washington Street was built for
prominent businessman Eugene A. Gilfillin around 1915. The building first housed the
Greenville Bakery and later Greenville Auto Sales, a Ford dealership that was one of Greenville’s
first automobile dealerships. The building was listed on the National Register in 2004 and is
significant because it is a good example of vernacular commercial architecture from the first
quarter of the twentieth century.
Gilfillin and Houston Building
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Future National Register Nominations
The following nominations are pending approval for listing on the National Register of
Historic Places:
Cannon Building
Located at 100 N. Main Street in Fountain Inn and constructed around 1880, this twostory brick store is an excellent example of late nineteenth century commercial architecture.
It is also significant for its association with the Cannon family, who were instrumental in the
development of Fountain Inn.
East Park Avenue Historic District
This area is associated with W.C. Cleveland, a former Greenville mayor and member
of the South Carolina House of Representatives. In 1887, Cleveland donated land for what
would become McPherson Park. In 1910, another portion of Cleveland’s land was subdivided
for residential development. This residential area developed primarily during the 1920s and
1930s and features Tudor, Neoclassical, and Craftsman style architecture.
Richland Cemetery
Established in the late nineteenth century, Richland Cemetery is significant because
it reflects the local heritage of Greenville’s African American community. This municipal
cemetery was created to satisfy the burial needs of African Americans in the community who
had no church cemeteries. Many of the most prominent members of the African American
community in Greenville are buried at Richland Cemetery.
Springwood Cemetery
Nearly 200 years old, Springwood
Cemetery is located in downtown Greenville
and bounded by North Main, Elford,
Church, and Academy Streets. The 30acre cemetery is culturally, historically, and
architecturally significant. Development
of the cemetery is directly linked with the
growth and establishment of the city. Many
of the most prominent and influential
families from Greenville’s early history
are buried in Springwood Cemetery. The
variety and style of monuments reflects the
age of the cemetery and the diversity of
the people buried there.
Richland Cemetary
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Local Designations
Contrary to popular belief, properties listed on the National Register are not fully
protected. While they do receive some protection from the adverse effects of projects that
require funding, licensing, or approval from the federal or state government, true protection
depends on local governments.
Through historic preservation zoning ordinances, local governments can designate and
protect places that are culturally significant to their communities. Such ordinances typically
establish a board of citizens and give them the authority to review and approve plans before
any designated place or structure can be altered. In Greenville County, there are three such
ordinances in effect, but they are limited in scope. Each program is summarized below.
City of Greenville Design and Preservation Commission
The City of Greenville has designated seven historic districts and one property for
local protection. The designations are: Pettigru Historic District, Overbrook Historic District,
East Park Avenue Historic District, Heritage Historic District, West End Historic District,
Hampton-Pinckney Historic District, Colonel Elias Earle Historic District, and the Saint Peter
Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas. The Pettigru, East Park, West End,
Hampton-Pinckney, and Colonel Elias Earle Historic Districts are on the National Register of
Historic Places and are described above. Brief descriptions of the districts and properties not
listed on National Register are presented below. However, much more information is available
on the City’s website:
http://www.greatergreenville.com/neighborhoods/historic_districts.asp
Overbrook Historic District
Located just east of the city, this neighborhood developed in response to the 1913
expansion of Greenville’s trolley line. The first section contained predominately Craftsmanstyle bungalows. In the 1920s, larger Colonial Revival houses began to appear for white collar
professionals. Easy access to the “Toonerville Trolley” made this area quite popular in the first
half of the twentieth century.
Heritage Historic District
Northwest of downtown Greenville, the Heritage Historic District is the city’s most
recent preservation overlay district. A vineyard before Greenville developer W.C. Cleveland
purchased the land and subdivided it, the neighborhood was popular because it was close to
the Women’s College. Additionally, the St. George Greek Orthodox Cathedral was organized
in 1931 and the neighborhood became popular with Greek immigrants.
Saint Peter Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas
This African-American church at 301 Pine Street was locally designated in October of
2004. Constructed in 1928, the brick church is known for its weekly radio broadcast in the
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1940s and 1950s, “Meeting House in Dixie.” Radio anchorman Claude Freeman broadcast the
show every Wednesday night on WFBC. This event was significant because it was one of the
earliest integrated worship services in Greenville.
Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission
The Greenville County Historic Preservation Commission has designated the following
historic sites: Campbell Covered Bridge, Cherrydale, Edwards Mill, Parker High School
Auditorium, Poinsett Bridge, Hopewell Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Holly Springs Schoolhouse,
and Hopkins Farm. Cherrydale, Parker High School Auditorium, and the Poinsett Bridge
are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The following descriptions cover
the county’s designated properties that are not listed on the National Register. For more
information about the county designated sites and the Greenville County Historic Preservation
Commission please see: http://www.greenvillehistoricpreservation.org/
Campbell Covered Bridge
Built in 1909 by Charles Irwin Willis, this bridge spans 38 feet across Beaverdam Creek
on Pleasant Hill Road. It is South Carolina’s only remaining covered bridge.
Edwards Mill
Built in 1790 by Joseph Edwards, this mill on Wade Hampton Boulevard operated as a
sawmill, cotton gin, and cabinetry shop. The stone foundation and dam are the only remaining
original features of the mill.
Hopewell Tuberculosis Sanitarium
This large brick complex was used to quarantine tuberculosis patients in the early
twentieth century. In the more recent past, it was used as a prison and a halfway house. It was
designated by the county in 2001.
Holly Springs Schoolhouse
The Holly Springs Schoolhouse was recently designated by the Greenville County
Historic Preservation Commission. Though no information on this property is available at
this time, the Commission plans to put a description on its website in the near future.
http://www.greenvillehistoricpreservation.org/
Hopkins Farm
This 600-acre tract is situated along one and a half miles of the Reedy River near
Simpsonville. The farm was the location of Toney’s Store, an early Indian trading post. It was
also the site of the Battle of the Great Cane Break, the only Revolutionary War battlefield
in Greenville County. Additionally, the property contains a magnificent double avenue of
pecan trees planted in 1875 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the battle. The stone
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farmhouse was visited by several South Carolina governors when the farm was used as the
“Regimental Mustering Grounds” for the South Carolina Militia for many years after the Civil
War. In addition to its historic significance, the property has an extensive floodplain, a rich
wildlife habitat, and significant stands of hardwoods.
City of Simpsonville
The City of Simpsonville has an overlay district in a small portion of the downtown
area. For more information, contact the City of Simpsonville, Board of Zoning Appeals
at (864)967-9526. Though never passed, a draft historic preservation ordinance is available
online at: http://simpsonvillesc.com/CityHall/HPO.htm.
City of Greer
The City of Greer hopes to establish a Board of Architectural Review in the near
future to provide some protection for historic structures and sites within the city. For more
information, please go to:
http://www.cityofgreer.org/Departments/Zoning_PlanningZoning.aspx
Comprehensive Survey Needed
While there has been great progress in documenting many of the significant historic
resources in Greenville County, a comprehensive countywide survey has never been done.
The County would be well served by such a study. County planners and officials could use
the study in making better decisions about where and how future growth should take place.
Survey information also supports economic development and heritage tourism programs. In
addition, surveys identify properties that are eligible for local designation and listing on the
National Register of Historic Places. The South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office
website contains more information on comprehensive surveys and the small-scale surveys
already completed in Greenville County: http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/hpsurvy/surveymain.
htm
Additional Information:
Greenville County History
Aheron, Piper Peters. Images of America: Greenville. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 1999.
Bainbridge, Judith T. Greenville’s West End. Greenville, SC: Westend Association, 1993.
Batson, Mann. Early Travel and Accommodations Along the Roads of the Upper Part of Greenville,
South Carolina and Surrounding Areas. Travelers Rest, S.C. (203 Love Drive, Travelers Rest,
29690).
30
Belcher, Ray and Joada P. Hiatt. Greer: From Cotton Town to Industrial Center. Charleston, SC:
Arcadia Publishing, 2003.
Building Conservation Technology, Inc. The Historic Resources of Greenville, South Carolina. Funded
by the City of Greenville and assisted by the South Carolina Department of Archives
and History through a matching grant awarded by the U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, 1981.
Chicora Foundation, Inc (Michael Trinkley). A Heritage Resources Management Plan for Greenville
County, South Carolina: Our Gift to the Future. Greenville, SC: 1995.
Ebaugh, Laura Smith. Bridging the Gap: A Guide to Early Greenville, South Carolina. Greenville, SC:
Greater Greenville Chamber of Commerce, 1966.
Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc. City of Greenville, Architectural Inventory. Greenville, SC:
City of Greenville, 2003.
Flynn, Jean Martin. An Account of Taylors, 1817 to 1994. Spartanburg, SC: Reprint Company,
1995.
Greenville County Historic Sites Driving Tour. Greenville, SC: Greenville County Library System,
2004. Available online at:
http://www.greenvillelibrary.org/services/historical_sites/index.htm
Huff, Archie Vernon, Jr. Greenville: The History of the City and County in the South Carolina Piedmont.
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.
Willis, Jeffrey R. and Greenville County Historical Society. Remembering Greenville: Photographs
from the Coxe Collection. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003.
In addition to the resources listed above, the Greenville County Historical Society has
a wonderful collection of resources related to Greenville County’s history:
http://www.greenvillehistory.org/index.html
Historic Preservation and Architectural History
Investing in South Carolina’s Future by Preserving Our Past: Report of the Governor’s Task Force on
Historic Preservation and Heritage Tourism. By Robert T. Lyles, Chairman. Columbia, SC:
November 2000.
31
McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf, Inc., 1984.
Stipe, Robert E. and Antoinette J. Lee, eds. The American Mosaic: Preserving a Nation’s Heritage.
Washington, DC: United States Committee of the International Council on Monuments
and Sites, 1987.
The National Register of Historic Places has a number of brochures, pamphlets, and
publications that provide guidance to document, evaluate, and nominate historically significant
sites. This information is available at the following website:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins.htm
Additionally, the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office, a division of South Carolina
Department of Archives and History, has many helpful resources on their website:
http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/histrcpl.htm
Finally, the South Carolina Chapter of the American Planning Association has compiled an
extensive bibliography on cultural resources:
http://www.scapa.org/CR_Bibliography.pdf
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Copy of Special Places Inventory Brochure
ive
mit
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Ba irca 1
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Steering Committee
Diane E
ldridge
Eldridge
Upstate Forever, Chair
Lezlie B
ar
ker
Bar
arker
Conestee Foundation
Dennis B
auknight Greenville County Soil &
Bauknight
Water Conservation District
Judy Benedict
Greenville County Historic
Preservation Commission
Judy C
ell
Crromw
omwell
Naturaland Trust &
Conestee Foundation
Nancy F
itz
er
Fitz
itzer
Volunteer
Josh G
illespie
Gillespie
Greenville County Planning
Commission
Dav
argett
avee H
Hargett
Pinnacle Consulting Group
Scott JJohnston
ohnston
Greenville City Design &
Rick Ow
ens
Owens
anson
Bill R
Ranson
Earth Environmental
Sciences Department,
Furman University
Brad SSauls
auls
S.C. Department of Archives
& History
B obb
obbyy Watson
We need YOUR help to
identify and protect
the special places of
Greenville County!
Upstate Forever
P.O. Box 2308 Greenville, SC 29602
(864) 250-0500
www.upstateforever.org
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Special Places Inventory
Public Meetings:
Please attend one of the following meetings to
learn about this project and nominate a special
place. All meetings will begin at 7:00p.m.
The Special Places Inventory is a project
to identify ecologically sensitive areas,
unique and critical wildlife habitats,
important historical sites, prime farm
lands, critical riparian lands, scenic
vistas, and other special places in
Greenville County, South Carolina.
Greenville County is experiencing
phenomenal growth and change. Its
population is increasing at the rate of
16 people per day, while its open land is
being developed at the rate of 9.2 acres
per day. By identifying the county’s
special places, we can take steps to
protect many of them before it is
too late.
Tuesday, September 10
S.C. Governor’s School
Performance Hall
15 University Street
Thursday, September 12
Greenville Tech
Greer Campus
Re
ed
Room 120 & 121
y
R
rc ive
a
18 r Fa
89 lls
Ci
Fork Shoals Elementary School
Auditorium
916 McKelvey Road
Furman University
Townes Auditorium
Greenville Tech
Brashier Campus
Building 201
Room 124
Lake Conestee
Rolling Green Village
Activity Room
1 Hoke Smith Blvd.
The project is made possible by a grant from the
Community Foundation of Greater Greenville to
Upstate Forever. The Greenville County Historic
Preservation Commission is providing assistance
to Upstate Forever on this project.
d
re
ve
o
’s C
ell dge
b
p ri
am B
C
If you cannot attend one of these meetings, you can
nominate a special place through the website,
www.greenvillespecialplaces.org
or by calling Upstate Forever at (864) 250-0500.
www.greenvillespecialplaces.org
cover: Poinsett Bridge in northern Greenville
County, the oldest bridge in South Carolina
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Special Places Nominated by the Public
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3
4
5
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Nominated Place
Land Nominations
Cedar Falls
Roe Preserve
Undeveloped Wooded Land on N. Main St.
All land along the Reedy River
Pond associated with wetlands
Undeveloped woodlands
Dam on the Saluda River
Old rockhouse, waterfall
and reservoir, Paris Mountain
This side of Rae’s Creek
Pax/Packs Mountain
State Champion Eastern Red Cedar
Hollingsworth Property
Wetland at base of Paris Mountain
Pasture, trees, mountain view
Redbud Mountain
SC Hwy 11
Lake Conestee Dam
Conestee Mill
Lake Conestee
Acreage, woods, fields, pasture, house, farm
Seneca Thrust Fault Saprolitic Exposure
Address/Location
Reedy River
Frontage Rd., N. of Pine Forest Dr., Traveler’s Rest
North Main Street, Greenville
Across from Skyland Ele. on North Highway
North and South of Beaver Dam Creek Rd.
Saluda River
Paris Mountain, across from Sumersett Golf Club
Behind Rae’s Creek Dr.
Northern Greenville County Old Hunts Bridge Rd., Greenville
Off I-85 around Salters Rd
Poinsett Hwy between Peddler and Sphinx stations
S. of Tigerville
West of intersection of SC 11 and N. Tigerville
Northern Greenville County From I-85 - Mauldin Rd. S. to R. on Lake Conestee
Conestee, adjacent to municipal stadium and lake
Conestee
1720 Hudson Rd.
Below the dining hall, Camp Greenville
Mulligan’s view, on rd. approx. 1km E. of Camp
Mulligan’s View Saprolitic Exposure
Greenville
Wildcat Wayside Gneiss Outcrop
Wildcat Wayside, on the N. side of SC11/US276
Bald Rock
US 276 S. of Caesars Head
Balds Exposed along Big Top,
Ridges along the SC/NC line just
Makeral, and McCarroll Mountains
west of US25, N of Traveler’s Rest
Wildcat Wayside Waterfall
Wildcat Wayside, on the N. side of SC 11/ US276
Blythe Shoals and South Saluda River Valley South of SC11/US276 along Blythe Shoals Rd.
Mush Creek Shoals
East central Slater quadrangle
Slicking Falls
Central Table Rock Quadrangle
Raven Cliff Falls and Matthews Creek
Northeastern Table Rock quadrangle
US 25
From SC 11 to the NC state line
Old White Horse Rd.
SW of Travelers Rest
SC Hwy 288
Pickens County border to Marietta
North Tigerville Rd.
Tigerville to North of SC 11
The Blue Wall trail
SW of Landrum
Palmetto Trail
Northern Greenville County 45
Special Places Nominated by the Public (Continued)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Nominated Place
Historic Land Nominations
Hampton Massacre Site
Battle of Great Cane Brake
Fork Shoals Mill and Falls
John J. Jones Cemetery
Chick Springs
Crommcee Farm
Cromwell Farm
Duncan’s Chapel Cemetery
Old Graveyard at Cliffs of Glassy
Metates at Cliffs of Glassy
Suber’s Mill
Fisher’s Orchard
Dillard’s Farms
Perdue’s Mountian Fruit Farm
Beechwood Farms
Fairview Farms
Address/Location
On Wade Hampton Blvd.
South Harrison Bridge Rd., Simpsonville
Fork Shoals
Intersection of Scuffletown Rd. and Carolina Way
South Main Street Taylors, 29687
Rue St.
Near Hughes Middle School
Duncan’s Chapel Rd/Old Buncombe near Publix
Cliffs of Glassy
Cliffs of Glassy
Greer
Greer, N. of Wade Hampton on SC 101
504 S. Buncombe Rd., Greer
SC Hwy 11
184 Bates Bridge Rd., Travelers Rest
1001 Locust Hill Rd., Greer
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Structure Nominations
T.P. Wood Store
Piedmont Manufacturing Co
Blythe Goodwin Hagood House
Stallings Mill
Taylors first post office
First Baptist Church of Taylors
Home of Shoeless Joe Jackson
Ms. Curetons home
Augusta Circle School
Greenville High School
The Bath House at Paris Mountain
State Park
Poinsett Bridge
Gowansville Schoolhouse
Campbell Covered Bridge
Pleasant Ridge County Park
Downtown Tigerville
Saluda River in Piedmont
3780 Highway 11
31 Stallings Rd. Taylors, 29687
Corner of Freeman Drive and Edwards Rd.
N. of Greer on South Packs Mountain Rd.
West Greenville
Augusta St.
100 Winyah, Greenville 29605
1 Vardry St
63
64
65
66
67
State Park Rd., 3/4 mi from front gate of park
Callahan Mountain Rd.
SC Hwy 11 near Hwy 14 intersection
Campbell Covered Bridge Rd., near Hwy 414
Hwy 11
Note: This is a list of all the sites nominated by the public. Upstate Forever has not verified the location of
every nominated place
46
Map 1
Region North of Highway 11
This map generally shows the region north of
Highway 11 in Greenville County. Based on
Greenville County GIS Data.
47
Map 2
Properties Owned or Protected By
Conservation Organizations and
State Heritage Trust Program
This map shows the general location of most properties
owned or protected by conservation organizations in
Greenville County. These organizations include the
Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy, the Conestee
Foundation, Friends of the Reedy River, Naturaland Trust,
the Nature Conservancy and Upstate Forever. South
Carolina Heritage Trust Sites are also shown. Based on
Greenville County GIS Data and information provided by
conservation organizations.
48
Lands Protected by Conservation Organizations and
State Heritage Trust Program in Greenville County
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Name
Table Rock Watershed
CCC Road
Watson-Cooper Heritage Preserve
Watson-Cooper Easement
Raven Cliff Falls
Sky Ranche
Bald Rock Heritage Preserve
Chandler Heritage Preserve
Ashmore Heritage Preserve
Little Pinnacle Mountain
Cedar Rock
NC Border Escarpment
Cleveland Easement
Dethro Easement
Terry’s Creek Easement
Panther Mountain
Davis Easement
Greenville Watershed (1)
Cliffs Glassy
Cliffs Glassy
Cliffs Glassy
Cliffs Glassy
Cliffs Glassy
Cliffs Glassy
Cliffs Glassy
Chestnut Ridge Heritage Preserve
Greenville Watershed (2)
Blue Wall
Blue Wall
Blue Wall
Blue Wall Tract II Easement
Blue Wall Tract I Easement
Blue Wall
Blue Wall
Blue Wall
Gilbert Easement
Blue Wall
Blue Wall
Blackwell Bunched Arrowhead
Heritage Preserve
Bunched Arrowhead Heritage
Preserve
Acreage
6,848
3
1,707
47
9
196
163
253
1,031
3
174
251
70
494
342
76
67
10
560
163
214
78
27
19,980
56
85
20
49
138
210
43
1,669
53
20
94
122
5
7
257
24
26
37
91
36
Protected/Owned By
The Nature Conservancy
Naturaland Trust
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy
Upstate Forever
Naturaland Trust
Upstate Forever
Naturaland Trust
Upstate Forever
Upstate Forever
Naturaland Trust
Naturaland Trust
16
159
49
Lands Protected by Conservation Organizations and
State Heritage Trust Program in Greenville County (Continued)
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
Name
Acreage
Protected/Owned By
Belvue Springs Heritage Preserve
28
Clear Creek Heritage Preserve
19
Paris Mountain McKinney Tracts
A and B
189
Upstate Forever
Paris Mountain-Graham
16
Upstate Forever
Westside Park Tract
8
Friends of the Reedy River
South Weaving Tract
4
Long Branch
2
Friends of the Reedy River/Naturaland Trust
Salvation Army Tract
4
Cooper Tract
11
Reedy River Easement
5
Upstate Forever/Naturaland Trust
Furman Tract
5
Pettigru Street
0
Naturaland Trust
Overbrook Easement
1
Upstate Forever
Roosevelt Woods
7
Threatt Tract
9
Lake Conestee Tract
150
Conestee Foundation
Henderson Farm Tract
110
Conestee Foundation
Sloan Easement
197
Upstate Forever
Grove Creek Mitigation Easement
507
Upstate Forever
Preston’s Farm Easement
322
Upstate Forever
Total: 37,577 acres
50
Map 3
Prime Soils of
Greenville County
This map shows the general location of the prime soils
in Greenville County. Prime soils include: Appling
sandy loam, Cecil sandy loam, Durham loamy sand,
Helena sandy loam, Hiwassee sandy loam, Madison
sandy loam, and Wickham sandy loam. Based on the
Greenville County Soil Survey, 1972, Soil Conservation
Service, USDA, and Greenville County GIS Data as
adapted by Pinnacle Consulting Group.
51
Map 4
Greenville County Rivers
and Streams
This map shows the general location of the major
rivers in Greenville County and many of their principal
tributaries. Based on Greenville County GIS Data as
adapted by Pinnacle Consulting Group.
52
Map 5
Greenville County Parks
and Recreation Areas
This map shows the general location of most public
parks and recreation facilities in Greenville County.
Community gardens are not shown. Based on Greenville
City and County GIS Data and on information in the
files of local park agencies.
53
Public Parks and Recreation Areas
in Greenville County
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Name
Slater Hall Community Center
Slater-White Park
Slater-Marietta Park
Les Mullinax Park
Talley Bridge Park
Pleasant Ridge Park
Caesar’s Head
Jones Gap State Park
Camp Spearhead
Lake Cunningham
Lake Lanier
Blue Ridge Park
Gateway Park
Saluda Lake
Riverbend Equestrian Park
Brutontown Community Center
Westside Park and Inside Aquatics
Piney Mountain
Monaghan Field
Happy Hearts Community Center
Woodside Mill Field
Lincoln Park
Lake Robinson
Paris Mountain State Park
Northside Park
Poinsett Park
Needmore Center
Century Park and Kid’s Planet Playground
Horace McKown Center
Tryon Street Park Center
Turner Park
Suber Road Complex
Greer City Stadium
Country Club Road Park
Freetown Community Center
Sterling Community Center
Welcome Park
Shoeless Joe Jackson Memorial Park
Paramount Park
Butler Springs Park
Nicholtown Community Center
Gatlin Park
Green Forest Pool
Verner Springs
Linky Stone Park
Kiwanis Park
Rockwood Park
Gower Estates Park
54
Location
Slater
Slater
Marietta
Travelers Rest
Slater
Cleveland
Cleveland
Marietta
Cleveland
Greer
Greenville
Greer
Travelers Rest
Berea
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Taylors
Greer
Greenville
Greenville
Travelers Rest
Greer
Greer
Greer
Greer
Greer
Greer
Greer
Greer
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenvile
Greenville
in Greenville County (Continued)
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Name
Juanita Butler Community Center
Logan Park
Tindale Avenue Park
Watts Park
Henry Bacon McKoy Park
Skyland Park
Holmes Park
University Park
North Main Park/B. Pearse Center
Croft Park
Cleveland Park
Viola Park
Pinckney-Fludd Park
Timmons Park
Elizabeth Street Park
David Hellams Community Center
Hessie T. Morrah Park
Railroad Mini-Park
McPherson Park
Park Avenue Gym
Newtown Park
West Washington Park
Mayberry Park
S.O. Walker Pool
West Greenville Community Center
Reedy River Falls Park
Brushy Creek Soccer Complex
Pavilion Recreation Complex
Roper Mountain Science Center
East Riverside Park
Gary Pittman Park
Mount Pleasant Community Center
Woodfield Community Center
Lakeside Park
Mauldin City Park
Mauldin Sunset Park
Springfield Park
Greenville Municipal Stadium
Pelham Mill Park
Idlewood Park
Chapman Grove Park
Woodmont Park
Fork Shoals
College Street Park
Activity Center
Southside Park
Alder Park
Tebblewood Park
Anglewood Park
Woodside Park
55
Location
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenvile
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenvile
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenvile
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Taylors
Taylors
Greenville
Greer
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Piedmont
Mauldin
Mauldin
Mauldin
Mauldin
Greenville
Greenville
Pelzer
Piedmont
Off of Highway 25 South
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
99
100
101
102
103
104
Name
Simpsonville City Park
Forest Park
Heritage Park
Fowler Street Park
Fairview St.Park
City Park
Location
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Simpsonville
Fountain Inn
Fountain Inn
Fountain Inn
Note: This list is based on Greenville City and County GIS data and on
information in the files of local park agencies. It is possible that a few small
parks and facilities are not on the list. Community gardens are not shown.
56
Endangered Plant Species Found
Common Name
Adder’s-Tongue
American Ginseng
American Golden-Saxifrage
American Lily-Of-The-Valley
American Water-Pennywort
Blue Cohosh
Blue Monkshood
Blunt-Leaf Waterleaf
Bog Rose
Broad-Leaved Tickseed
Broad-Toothed Hedge-Nettle
Bunched Arrowhead
Butternut
Carey Saxifrage
Carolina Tassel-Rue
Catawba Rhododendron
Climbing Fern
Crinkled Hairgrass
Deep-Root Clubmoss
Dwarf-Flowered Heartleaf
Eastern Turkeybeard
Enchanter’s Nightshade
Evergreen Woodfern
False Dandelion
Fernleaf Phacelia
Gay-Wing Milkwort
Hairy Sweet-Cicely
Heart-Leaved Foam Flower
Hollow Joe-Pye Weed
Large-Fruited Sanicle
Large-Leaved Grass-Of-Parnassus
Large Yellow Lady’s-Slipper
Lettuce-Leaf Saxifrage
Little-Leaved Alumroot
Liverleaf
Lobed Spleenwort
Maidenhair Spleenwort
Mountain Bugbane
Mountain Camellia
Mountain Sweet Pitcher-Plant
Mountain Witch-Alder
Naked-Fruited Rush
Nodding Pogonia
Oconee-Bells
Oswego Tea
Painted Trillium
Pale Jewel-Weed
Piedmont Ragwort
Scientific Name
Ophioglossum Vulgatum
Panax Quinquefolius
Chrysosplenium Americanum
Convallaria Montana
Hydrocotyle Americana
Caulophyllum Thalictroides
Aconitum Uncinatum
Hydrophyllum Canadense
Arethusa Bulbosa
Coreopsis Latifolia
Stachys Tenuifolia Var Latidens
Sagittaria Fasciculata
Juglans Cinerea
Saxifraga Careyana
Trautvetteria Caroliniensis
Rhododendron Catawbiense
Lygodium Palmatum
Deschampsia Flexuosa
Lycopodium Tristachyum
Hexastylis Naniflora
Xerophyllum Asphodeloides
Circaea Lutetiana Ssp Canadensis
Dryopteris Intermedia
Krigia Montana
Phacelia Bipinnatifida
Polygala Paucifolia
Osmorhiza Claytonii
Tiarella Cordifolia Var Cordifolia
Eupatorium Fistulosum
Sanicula Trifoliata
Parnassia Grandifolia
Cypripedium Pubescens
Saxifraga Micranthidifolia
Heuchera Parviflora
Hepatica Acutiloba
Asplenium Pinnatifidum
Asplenium Trichomanes
Cimicifuga Americana
Stewartia Ovata
Sarracenia Rubra Ssp Jonesii
Fothergilla Major
Juncus Gymnocarpus
Triphora Trianthophora
Shortia Galacifolia
Monarda Didyma
Trillium Undulatum
Impatiens Pallida
Senecio Millefolium
57
Endangered Plant Species Found
Common Name
Pink Turtlehead
Pipevine
Purple Fringeless Orchid
Reflexed Blue-Eyed Grass
Rocky Gnome Lichen
Scarlet Indian-Paintbrush
Shortleaf Sneezeweed
Single-Haired Mountain-Mint
Smooth Indigobush
Soft-Haired Thermopsis
Soft Groovebur
South Carolina Sedge
Southeastern Tickseed
Southern Thimble-Weed
Stiff Dogwood
Streambank Mock-Orange
Striped Maple
Swamp-Pink
Sweet Fern
Sweet Pinesap
Tall Bellflower
Teaberry
Umbrella-Leaf
Virginia Stickseed
Walking-Fern Spleenwort
White-Leaved Sunflower
White Goldenrod
Woods-Rush
Yellow Birch
Yellow Honeysuckle
Yellowwood
Scientific Name
Chelone Lyonii
Aristolochia Macrophylla
Platanthera Peramoena
Sisyrinchium Dichotomum
Gymnoderma Lineare
Castilleja Coccinea
Helenium Brevifolium
Pycnanthemum Montanum
Amorpha Glabra
Thermopsis Mollis
Agrimonia Pubescens
Carex Austrocaroliniana
Coreopsis Gladiata
Anemone Berlandieri
Cornus Racemosa
Philadelphus Hirsutus
Acer Pensylvanicum
Helonias Bullata
Comptonia Peregrina
Monotropsis Odorata
Campanula Americana
Gaultheria Procumbens
Diphylleia Cymosa
Hackelia Virginiana
Asplenium Rhizophyllum
Helianthus Glaucophyllus
Solidago Bicolor
Juncus Subcaudatus
Betula Alleghaniensis
Lonicera Flava
Cladrastis Kentukea
58
Endangered Animal Species Found
Common Name
Barn-Owl
Blacknose Dace
Bog Turtle
Cinereus Or Masked Shrew
Cooper’s Hawk
Eastern Small-Footed Myotis
Eastern Spotted Skunk
Eastern Woodrat
Fantail Darter
Green Salamander
Little Brown Myotis
Meadow Vole
Milk Snake
New England Cottontail
Northern Myotis
Pickerel Frog
Pygmy Shrew
Rafinesque’s Big-Eared Bat
Red Squirrel
Showy Orchid
Star-Nosed Mole
Scientific Name
Tyto Alba
Rhinichthys Atratulus
Glyptemys Muhlenbergii
Sorex Cinereus
Accipiter Cooperii
Myotis Leibii
Spilogale Putorius
Neotoma Floridana
Etheostoma Flabellare
Aneides Aeneus
Myotis Lucifugus
Microtus Pennsylvanicus
Lampropeltis Triangulum
Sylvilagus Transitionalis
Myotis Septentrionalis
Rana Palustris
Sorex Hoyi
Corynorhinus Rafinesquii
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus
Galearis Spectabilis
Condylura Cristata
59

special places inventory

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