SR - Vinnova

Transcription

SR - Vinnova

Centre for bio- and chemical sensor science and technology
S-SENCE
the Swedish Sensor Centre
Summary report
1995-2006
Partners:
AppliedSensor AB
Otre
Asko Cylinda AB
Pharmacia & Upjohn
Assi Domän Carton
Senset
Biacore AB
SKL
Billerud AB
SLR
Biosensor Applications AB
Stora Enso
Duni/Finess
Tekniska Verken i Linköping AB
Eka Chemicals
Tetra Pak
Ford Motor Company
Vattenfall
Global Homeostasis Institute
Volvo Powertrain
Iggesund Paperboard
Volvo PV
Mecel
Volvo TU
NIBE Industrier
S-SENCE, Summary report 1995-2006
Table of contents
Preface........................................................................................................................1
Executive summary....................................................................................................3
Sammanfattning .........................................................................................................5
1.
2.
Introduction........................................................................................................7
Basic facts ..........................................................................................................7
2.1.
Research groups and industrial partners ....................................................7
2.2.
Financing..................................................................................................11
2.3.
Organization.............................................................................................11
3. Key numbers ....................................................................................................13
3.1.
Examinations............................................................................................13
3.2.
Publications..............................................................................................13
3.3. International collaboration .......................................................................13
3.4.
Mobility between the university and industrial partners..........................14
3.5.
Commercialization and technology transfer ............................................14
4. Centre development .........................................................................................17
5. Technical and scientific achievements.............................................................21
5.1.
Gas phase sensing ....................................................................................22
5.2.
Liquid phase sensing................................................................................23
5.3.
Biosensing................................................................................................24
5.4.
Signal evaluation......................................................................................25
6. Industrial results and effects ............................................................................27
7. Final remarks ...................................................................................................29
Appendix A: Members of the board ........................................................................31
Appendix B: Examinations ......................................................................................33
Appendix C: Publications ........................................................................................39
Appendix D: IPR results ..........................................................................................59
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Executive summary
Sensor science has been a main activity at the Division of Applied Physics for 30 years. The
division has during that time reached an internationally recognized position in the area. In
order to further focus the research and to strengthen the bonds with Swedish industry, SSENCE was started in August 1995 and has since then attracted 25 industrial (or nonuniversity) partners. The centre was funded by NUTEK/VINNOVA, industrial partners and
Linköping University in the Competence Centres Programme initiated by NUTEK and from
2001 managed by VINNOVA. After the last stage of the ten year program (ending June 30,
2006), S-SENCE is financed by the university, external grants and (new and old) industrial
partners.
The initially stated long-term goals of S-SENCE were to develop new applications of bio- and
chemical sensors and sensor systems together with Swedish industry, and to keep a position
as one of the internationally leading centres regarding bio- and chemical sensor science and
development, goals which to a large extent have been fulfilled. The research within S-SENCE
has been organized in three different sensor application areas (gas phase-, liquid phase- and
biosensing) and one common project on sensor data evaluation techniques. During the ten
year period the center has had activities in the following areas; cylinder specific monitoring
and exhaust gas diagnosis of automotive engines, combustion and emission control by
monitoring in flue gases from boilers, quality control and process monitoring in the food- and
process industry, medical monitoring and diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water quality
assessment, optimization of home appliances and biosensor technologies. The infrastructure
of and the intellectual capital within S-SENCE have created a significant research and
cooperation platform. The centre has built up a strong position within the university. SSENCE has for example contributed to multidisciplinary collaboration between different
departments and faculties.
S-SENCE has been organized in such a way that both generic and applied projects have been
beneficial for the development of bio- and chemical sensors. Good examples of this are the
development of the electronic tongue, a “high temperature SiC gas sensor” and new types of
surfaces for affinity biosensors. Some of these results are already commercialized and one
spin-off company, Senset, was formed during the ten year period. Furthermore, the research
also formed the basis for a second spin-off company, SenSiC in 2007. The center has also
been academically successful shown by the production of 165 papers published in refereed
scientific journals and 177 international conference presentations. A significant part of these
publications are joint publications with industrial partners. Personnel at the centre are often
invited as speakers, in organizing committees for workshops and conference sessions, and as
editors of scientific book chapters. In addition, since the start in 1995 S-SENCE has produced
21 PhD theses, 15 Licentiate theses and 53 Master theses. In addition there were 6 PhD
students with S-SENCE by the end of the ten year program who have (or are expected to)
become PhD's after 2006.
All projects within S-SENCE have in general had a very intense international collaboration
and the centre seems to be an attractive collaboration partner. Collaborations in various forms
have existed with 8 Swedish and 24 international universities and 18 companies or research
institutes not members of S-SENCE. In addition to this, S-SENCE is or has been involved in
8 EU projects (including more than 20 partners). S-SENCE has also had 15 visiting
researchers during the years. In general, the industrial involvement in the projects has been
very high and the influence of the industry on the strategic directions of the projects has been
secured by intense participation in project meetings and the appointment of industrial
chairmen’s in the projects. In total 52 persons were employed (partly or fully) by S-SENCE
during the different stages and in addition approximately 80 persons at the industrial partners
were involved in the S-SENCE activities. The personal mobility has been high. 7 PhD, trained
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at the centre, 2 engineers and 4 M.Sc. from the centre have been employed by industrial
partners. In addition one S-SENCE director has been employed as a research manager and
two senior scientists and several PhD students have been part time employed by industrial
partners. Furthermore, S-SENCE engineers have been engaged on an hourly basis for
technology transfer and during periods of high workload. 2 senior scientists have also been
members of research councils of the industrial partners. 21 patent applications have been filed
of which 17 have at least one industrial partner as the applicant and 18 have at least one SSENCE researcher as inventor.
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Sammanfattning
Sensorvetenskap har under 30 år varit en huvudaktivitet vid avdelningen för Tillämpad Fysik,
Linköpings universitet, och avdelningen har under den tiden nått en internationellt erkänd
position inom området. För att fokusera forskningen och stärka banden med svenskt
näringsliv startades S-SENCE i augusti 1995 och har sedan dess samarbetat med 25 olika
företag. Satsningen finansierades av NUTEK/VINNOVA, industripartners och Linköpings
universitet i det kompetenscentrumprogram som initierades av NUTEK och från 2001 leddes
av VINNOVA. Efter sista etappen av det tioåriga kompetenscentrumprogrammet (som
slutade 30 juni, 2006), finansieras S-SENCE av fakultetsmedel, externa anslag och (nya och
gamla) industrikontakter.
S-SENCE:s ursprungliga målsättning att utveckla nya tillämpningar av bio- och kemiska
sensorer och sensorsystem med svensk industri och att försvara en position som ett av de
internationellt ledande centrumbildningar inom bio- och kemisk sensorforskning och
sensorutveckling har till stor del uppfyllts. Forskningen inom S-SENCE har varit organiserad
i tre olika block: gasfas-, vätskefas- och biosensorapplikationer. Dessutom har en
forskningsgrupp kring signalutvärdering funnits med. Centret har haft forskningsaktiviteter
inom följande områden: cylinderspecifik övervakning och avgasdiagnostik av person- och
lastbilsmotorer, förbrännings- och rökgasövervakning från förbränningspannor,
kvalitetskontroll och processövervakning i livsmedels- och processindustrin, medicinsk
övervakning och diagnos, miljöövervakning, vattenkvalitetsmätningar, optimering av
vitvarumaskiner och utveckling av biosensorytor. S-SENCE infrastruktur och intellektuella
kapital har skapat en betydande forsknings- och samarbetsplattform. Centret har byggt upp en
stark position inom universitetet och har bland annat bidragit till multidisciplinärt samarbete
mellan institutioner och fakulteter.
Genom S-SENCEs struktur har både generiska och tillämpade projekt bidragit till
utvecklingen av bio- och kemiska sensorer. Bra exempel på detta är utvecklingen av en
elektronisk tunga, en högtemperatur SiC gassensor och nya ytor för affinitetsbaserade
biosensorer. En del av dessa resultat har redan kommersialiserats och ett avknoppningsföretag
(Senset) bildades under perioden baserat på forskningen kring den elektroniska tungan.
Dessutom ledde forskningen kring kiselkarbidbaserade högtemperatursensorer till att
ytterligare ett avknoppningsföretag, SenSiC, bildades 2007. Centret har också varit
framgångsrikt ur en akademisk synvinkel. Detta illustreras av produktionen av vetenskapliga
artiklar där man sedan starten har publicerat 165 artiklar i vetenskapliga tidskrifter och
bidragit till 177 internationella konferenspresentationer. Industripartners är medförfattare till
en stor del av dessa vetenskapliga arbeten. Personal inom S-SENCE är ofta inbjudna som
talare på konferenser, medlemmar i organisationskommittéer för workshops och
konferenssessioner samt författare av vetenskapliga bokkapitel. Sedan starten har S-SENCE
producerat 21 doktorer, 15 licentiander och 53 examensarbeten. Dessutom var 6 doktorander
aktiva vid utgången av tioårsprogrammet, vilka senare har disputerat eller förväntas disputera
vid S-SENCE.
Alla S-SENCE projekt har generellt sett haft ett mycket intensivt internationellt samarbete
och centret verkar vara en attraktiv samarbetspartner. Samarbete i olika former har ägt rum
med 8 svenska och 24 internationella universitet samt 18 företag eller forskningsinstitut
utöver S-SENCE medlemsföretag. S-SENCE har varit partner i 8 EU-projekt (inkluderande
över 20 partner). Under åren har S-SENCE haft 15 gästforskare. Generellt har
industriengagemanget i projekten varit mycket högt och företagens inflytande på projektens
framåtskridande och inriktning har säkerställts av företagsrepresentanternas deltagande i
projektmöten och av att varje projektområde har haft en industriell ordförande. Totalt var 52
personer anställda (helt eller delvis) av S-SENCE i verksamheten och dessutom har ca. 80
personer från företagen varit involverade i S-SENCE arbete. Den personella rörligheten
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mellan universitetet och företagen har generellt varit hög och totalt har 7 doktorer utbildade
inom centret, 2 tekniker och 4 civilingenjörer fått anställning hos S-SENCE industripartners.
Dessutom har en föreståndare blivit forskningschef, två seniora forskare och flera doktorander
varit deltidsanställda och ingenjörer anställda på timbasis hos industripartners. 2 seniora
forskare har dessutom suttit med i forskningsråd hos industripartners. 21 patentansökningar
har lämnats in av vilka 17 har minst en industripartner som sökande och 18 har minst en SSENCE-forskare som uppfinnare.
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1. Introduction
At the research division Applied Physics at Linköping University (LiU), research has
been conducted in the field of chemical sensors, especially so-called catalytic
MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) sensors, since roughly
1978. The work has resulted in sensors for a large number of chemical compounds.
The sensors have been used successfully in applications of so-called electronic noses,
which consist of arrays of chemical sensors where response patterns are evaluated by
various pattern recognition techniques. Lately, also measurement systems suitable for
aqueous solutions, so called electronic tongues have been developed. In 1995 the
Centre of excellence S-SENCE, the Swedish Sensor Centre, was established at LiU
with the main task to further develop and evaluate bio- and chemical sensors and
sensor systems for industrial applications.
The research of S-SENCE falls within the area of bio- and chemical sensors and
sensor systems. In this area S-SENCE competence profile ranges from scientific
expertise in sensor science, surface science and catalysis, bio-molecular interactions,
microbiology, signal processing and multivariate analysis, electronic components and
device fabrication. Through industrial contacts, competence in all application areas
can be found, ranging from combustion emission monitoring over pulp and paper
processes, dishwashers and washing machines, detection of explosives and
biomolecules, to drinking water production.
The ten year program was divided in four stages: Stage 1: August 1995 – 1997, Stage
2: 1998 – 2000, Stage 3: 2001 – 2003 and Stage 4: 2005 – June 2006. Each stage had
its own budget and combination of industrial partners as presented below.
2. Basic facts
2.1. Research groups and industrial partners
2.1.1. Departments and research groups at Linköping
University
The centre has been hosted at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM) at Linköping University (the Department changed name from Physics and
Measurement Technology during stage IV, but kept the acronym IFM). The number
of employees at the department is around 330, including 40 full professors and some
130 graduate students. In addition approximately 100 guest researchers visit the
department every year resulting in a total number of over 400 researchers. The
department is organized in 5 Scientific Areas: Applied Physics, Biology, Chemistry,
Material Physics and Theory and Modelling.
The centre has been run in close collaboration with the multidisciplinary Scientific
area Applied Physics. This is reflected in that the members of the Scientific area (and
the centre) are electrical engineers, physicists, chemists, biochemists and biologists
and that the projects are chosen in the areas between physics and chemistry, and
physics and biology. The different research areas in Applied Physics are biomaterials,
biomolecular and organic electronics, sensor science and molecular physics, scanning
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probe microscopy, biotechnology, catalytic reactions, and applied optics. S-SENCE is
or has been doing research together with scientists in almost all of these research
areas. S-SENCE also has extensive collaboration with the division of Chemistry, the
division of Biology, and the division of Material Physics at IFM. These collaborations
are mainly performed in the form of master theses on research that is relevant for SSENCE and its partners.
During stage II collaboration with the Department of Electrical Engineering (ISY)
was established through a joint PhD-student. This department is divided into 9
divisions and has 160 employees. The collaboration was extended during the last part
of stage III, when a joint generic project between one of the project leaders at SSENCE and a professor at ISY started. This collaboration continued during stage IV.
2.1.2. Research staff
A large number of persons have been involved in the activities of S SENCE during
the four stages of S-SENCE as illustrated by Table 1:
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Table 1. Personnel during the four stages of S-SENCE
Stage 1
Aug 1995 1997
S-SENCE personnel
Professors and Senior scientists
Ingemar Lundström
Per Mårtensson
Anita Lloyd Spetz
Carl-Fredrik Mandenius
Fredrik Winquist
Hans Sundgren
Amir Baranzahi
Martin Holmberg
Lars-Gunnar Ekedahl
Tina Krantz-Rülcker
Bo Liedberg
Mats Eriksson
Pentti Tengvall
Eva Hedborg
Sissel Jacobsen
Helen Dannetun
Trine Platau Vikinge
Robert Bjorklund
Graduate students employed by LiU
Amir Baranzahi
Eva Hedborg
Martin Holmberg
Tomas Eklöv
Peter Tobias
Thomas Bachinger
Kenny Hansson
Mikael Löfdahl
Susanne Holmin
Henrik Svenningstorp
Lars Unéus
Anna Elisabeth Åbom
Tom Artursson
Ye Zhou
Anette Salomonsson
Charlotte Söderström
Jenny Carlsson
Helena Wingbrant
Roger Klingvall
Mike Andersson
Henrik Peterson
John Olsson
Christian Ulrich
Graduate students employed by industrial partners
Patrik Ivarsson
Håkan Johnson
Anders Carlsson
Britt-Inger Ljungberg-Willing
Torgny Ljungberg
Gunnar Forsgren
Research engineers
Per-Erik Fägerman
Martin Einehag
Ingemar Grahn
Evald Mildh
Björn Widén
Marcus Andersson
Ellinor Rydberg
Christian Ulrich
Administrative assistants
Carin Jonsson
Therese Dannetun
Marie Urbán
Pia Blomstedt
Susann Årnfelt.
Stage 2
1998-2000
Stage 3
2001-2003
Stage 4
2004 June 2006
9
2.1.3. Industrial partners
During the four stages of the ten year program 25 industrial partners were engaged in
S-SENCE. Different partners were engaged during the different stages according to
Table 2:
Table 2. Industrial partners during the four stages of S-SENCE. (NST changed name
to AppliedSensor after a merger with MoTech GmbH, Germany, in 2000).
Partner
AppliedSensor (form. NST)
Asko Cylinda
Assi Domän Carton
Biacore
BiosensorApplications
Billerud
Duni/Finess
Eka Chemicals
Ford
GHI
Iggesund Paperboard
Mecel
NIBE
Otre
Pharmacia & Upjohn
Senset
SKL
SLR
StoraEnso
Tekniska Verken
Tetra Pak
Vattenfall
Volvo TU
Volvo PV
Volvo Powertrain
Stage 1
Aug 1995 1997
Stage 2
1998-2000
Stage 3
2001-2003
Stage 4
2004 June 2006
10
2.2. Financing
The financing of S-SENCE during the whole program is shown in Table 3. The
funding is shown both in total and for each stage. The contributions from the
industrial partners are divided in cash contributions and in kind contributions.
Table 3. Financing of S-SENCE during the four stages 1995-2006
Stage 1
Aug 1995 - 1997
Cash
Partner
In kind
AppliedSensor (form. NST)**
Stage 2
1998 - 2000
Cash
Stage 3
2001 - 2003
In kind
Cash
Stage 4
2004 - June 2006
In kind
Cash
In kind
Total
Cash
Cash +
In kind
In kind
1 050
1 449
1 575
846
700
665
3 325
2 960
Asko Cylinda
450
1 286
600
2 262
400
350
1 450
3 898
5 348
Assi Domän Carton
450
1 804
300
991
750
2 795
3 545
0
542
850
1 269
3 274
Biacore
6 285
100
513
950
2 324
BiosensorApplications**
300
1 200
300
1 200
1 500
Billerud
400
799
400
799
1 199
712
2 713
3 425
400
100
500
800
1 200
2 000
Duni/Finess
450
Eka Chemicals
400
1 894
262
819
100
Ford*
800
GHI
250
1 200
300
943
550
1 360
1 910
Iggesund Paperboard
300
842
600
458
417
900
1 300
2 200
Mecel
300
569
350
1 278
650
1 847
2 497
400
476
876
750
1 908
2 658
NIBE
400
Otre
750
Pharmacia & Upjohn
1 500
900
1 908
474
Senset
200
SKL
476
837
720
SLR
400
772
200
1 291
StoraEnso
300
1 048
600
825
350
1 012
2 432
425
441
866
807
1 500
1 156
2 656
VINNOVA (NUTEK)
6 800
Linköping universitet
258
4 790
4 910
External grants
616
650
2 367
3 017
600
600
600
1 200
600
1 200
600
1 200
1 800
13 605
7 262
11 648
4 400
7 750
21 462
37 793
59 255
18 000
0
18 000
0
12 000
1 692
13 229
50
12 841
1 000
6 300
8 400
7 076
Pilot projects etc.
Total
10 353
1 513
1 430
10 558
Total Cash + In kind
510
0
Volvo Powertrain**
3 500
500
600
Volvo PV
Total partners
20 258
9 700
720
2 663
441
900
739
720
2 063
2 773
425
300
0
600
1 182
Tetra Pak
Volvo TU
1 037
1 873
672
349
2 874
837
900
750
600
474
200
1 250
Tekniska Verken
Vattenfall
2 400
34 392
61 226
26 834
33 818
58 307
24 489
18 913
18 103
37 016
54 800
0
54 800
3 000
41 333
44 333
16 989
0
16 989
1 430
0
1 430
97 681
79 126
176 807
176 807
* In kind not specified, contribution as in contract
** In kind not specified for 2005/2006, contribution as in contract
2.3. Organization
2.3.1. Board of directors
According to the main contract governing the activities of Competence Centres, SSENCE has had a board of directors that approves the Operating plan for each stage
as well as the yearly budget for the centre. The board has been very engaged in the
work and has met 3-4 times every year. Initially the board was appointed for the same
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period as the stages (stages I and II). During stages III and IV, however, the period of
appointment of the board was changed such that the same board would be active
during the stage transition in 2003-2004. The five boards active during the ten year
program are given in Appendix A.
2.3.2. Directors of S-SENCE
The director of S-SENCE was responsible for the operational management of the
activity and reported to the Board of Directors. The directors of S-SENCE have been
• Per Mårtensson, August 1995 – fall 1998
• Lars-Gunnar Ekedahl, Nov. 1998 – May 2002
• Tina Krantz-Rülcker, May 2002 – June 2006
Per Mårtensson was recruited by NST as director of R&D in 1998 and Lars-Gunnar
Ekedahl entered a position as vice-chancellor (president) of Högskolan Väst (formerly
Högskolan i Trollhättan/Uddevalla) in 2002.
2.3.3. Research secretaries
In 1998 a new position as "Research secretary" was created in order to assist the
director. The research secretaries have been:
• Tina Krantz-Rülcker, Dec. 1998 – April 2002
• Mats Eriksson, May 2002 – June 2006
2.3.4. Scientific and industrial advisory board
A scientific and industrial advisory board was initiated during 2002. It consisted of:
• Prof. Nico de Rooij, Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel,
Switzerland (Scientific expert)
• Prof. Elena Dominguez, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain (Scientific expert)
• Mr. Sven-Bertil Nilsson (Industrial expert)
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3. Key numbers
Below we give key numbers for various activities financed within S-SENCE.
3.1. Examinations
In total 21 PhD, 15 Licentiate degrees and 53 Master theses have been awarded for
work related to S-SENCE since its start, according to Table 4:
Table 4. Examinations at S-SENCE 1995-2006.
Type of
examination
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Total
PhD
3
6
9
3
21
Lic.
0
10
2
3
15
Master
2
20
16
15
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Appendix B lists the names of all persons who were awarded degrees and performed
master theses throughout stages I-IV. In addition there were 6 PhD students with SSENCE by the end of stage IV who have (or are expected to) become PhD's after
stage IV of S-SENCE.
3.2. Publications
In total S-SENCE related work has resulted in 165 publications in refereed journals
and 177 conference contributions:
Table 5. Publications at S-SENCE 1995-2006.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Total
Articles in refereed journals
25
51
49
40
165
Conference contributions
31
61
44
41
177
In Appendix C the full publication list is presented.
3.3. International collaboration
• S-SENCE personnel have been involved in 8 EU-projects.
• Approximately 25 foreign university research groups have had collaboration with
researchers within S-SENCE
• S-SENCE has hosted 21 guest researchers for periods exceeding 1 month.
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3.4. Mobility between the university and industrial partners
Below are the numbers of personnel exchange between the industry and the university listed:
• The director of S-SENCE Per Mårtensson was employed by Nordic Sensor
Technologies in 1998 as a director of R&D.
• 2 senior researchers and project leaders at S-SENCE, Prof. Anita Lloyd Spetz and
Dr. Mats Eriksson, have been employed part time by AppliedSensor.
• 3 industrial graduate students employed by Asko Cylinda, AssiDomän, and DuniFiness.
• 4 PhD’s were employed by NST/AppliedSensor.
• 1 PhD and 1 Licentiate employed by Volvo TU.
• 3 PhD’s have worked part time at AppliedSensor during their PhD studies.
• 1 PhD was employed by Otre
• 2 engineers were employed by AppliedSensor.
• 1 Diploma worker was employed by Mecel.
• 1 Diploma worker was employed by Otre
• 1 Diploma worker was employed by AppliedSensor
• Dr. Anders Brundin at Iggesund, has obtained a “docentur” at LiU. He has, furthermore,
been involved both in graduate and undergraduate teaching.
• Prof. Ingemar Lundström and Dr. Tina Krantz-Rülcker have been members of the research
councils of Otre and Asko Cylinda, respectively.
3.5. Commercialization and technology transfer
• In total S-SENCE has produced 21 patents or patent applications, see Appendix D
and Table 6:
Table 6. Patent applications at S-SENCE 1995-2006.
Patent applications
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Total
5
8
7
1
21
Some examples of commercialization and technology transfer (see also chapter 6):
• The voltammetric electronic tongue research and development within S-SENCE
during stage I led to the formation of a spin-off company, Senset AB, in 2001 by
researchers Fredrik Winquist, Tina Krantz-Rülcker, Lars-Gunnar Ekedahl and
Ingemar Lundström. The electronic tongue technology was commercialized by
Senset during stages III and IV.
• The collaboration with NIBE in stage IV led to the formation of a spin-off
company, SensiC AB, launched in 2007 by researchers Prof. Anita Lloyd Spetz
14
and Dr. Mike Andersson together with two entrepreneurs, Bo Hammarlund and
Lars Hammarlund, with NIBE as the first customer. SenSiC is now
commercializing SiC sensors e.g. for NIBE and other domestic boiler
manufacturers and as an oxygen sensor for the automotive industry.
• In 2004 it was reported that the SiC based NH3 sensor successfully detected 10
ppm NH3 in diesel exhausts. It was taken as proof of concept by AppliedSensor
and technology transfer was performed for the application control of SCR in diesel
trucks. The SCR, Selective Catalytic Converter, process means that NOx is
reduced in the catalytic converter by NH3, which is injected as urea in the exhaust
system. Technology transfer was performed by Prof. Anita Lloyd Spetz and the
PhD student Helena Wingbrant, both hired part time by the company. The
commercialization of the SiC based NH3 sensor was, however, stopped in the
company in 2006. The SiC based sensors are now commercialized by SenSiC
• In 2007 it was announced that AppliedSensor’s hydrogen gas detection module is
incorporated in the BMW Hydrogen 7, which was the first hydrogen driven car in
the luxury performance segment. The connection between AppliedSensor and
BMW was initiated by Dr. Mats Eriksson during a period as a visiting scientist in
Munich 2002. The development was then carried out at AppliedSensor, including
former employees at S-SENCE employed by AppliedSensor, in collaboration with
BMW.
15
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4. Centre development
The original long-term goals of S-SENCE were to develop new applications of bioand chemical sensors and sensor systems together with Swedish industry, and to keep
a position as one of the internationally leading centres regarding bio- and chemical
sensor development. The strong infrastructure as well as the human capital that has
been built up by S-SENCE has created a significant intellectual capital that we regard
as an obvious proof of progress of the centre since its start.
There were no major changes in the organisation of the centre since it started.
However, since there was a change in industrial partners between the stages (see
section 2.1.3) and the centre increased its activities during the stages the number of
different applications also increased. On the other hand, since some industrial partners
withdrew their membership some applications (projects) also ended between stages.
In each of the different application project areas industrial contact persons from all
partners were identified and participated in the project meetings, held at least four
times per year. Beside these project area meetings, additional project meetings were
frequently held with the individual companies to discuss specific issues related to
each application. In most of these meetings the groups performing basic studies were
participating resulting in a close contact and direct distribution of more basic results to
the industrial partners. The number of publications produced in the centre with
authors both from the university and the industry is also a good example on how the
industry has taken an active role in the scientific research. For each of the application
project areas an industrial project leader and a project leader at the university were
identified. Also, the PhD students at S-SENCE have had an identified co-supervisor
from industry. This way of organising the project groups led to a very strong
industrial influence on the directions of the research. Beside the project meetings
information was distributed to all industrial partners in form of minutes from the
weekly meetings where presentations, discussions of questions of mutual interest
ranging from administrative routines to technical support, scientific questions and
collaborations were held. The S-SENCE days, held every year, where all members of
the Centre gathered, were also important occasions when the research groups as well
as industrial partners met to discuss results and future strategies in the projects.
Internet naturally also played an important role as a medium for information
spreading and exchange.
During stage II a new type of projects were introduced. These projects had the nature
of pilot projects to test ideas and measurement techniques in different applications.
This was in line with the initial thoughts that S-SENCE would run an “Application
lab” where specific ideas could be tested and short pilot projects could be run. We
experienced this as a very good way of introducing new partners into S-SENCE and
as the result of pilot projects run during stage II 3 new partners (Otre AB, Tekniska
Verken AB and Tetra Pak AB) joined the centre for stage III and Tekniska Verken
also continued as a partner in stage IV. During stage III pilot projects, as well as one
longer project on a bilateral basis, were also performed. One of the pilot projects
resulted in a new partner (Billerud) also in stage IV.
One recommendation that was given as a result of the first evaluation of the centre
was that the centre needed to establish a broader academic base. During stage II this
17
recommendation was met by initiating two more generic projects on the most crucial
basic research needed in the centre. One dealt with the long-term stability of our gas
sensors based on the field effect and the other concerned data analysis, calibration
routines and drift compensation. The broadening of the academic base was further
improved during stage III when one generic project area was connected to each of the
three application project areas (gas sensor research, basic studies of the electronic
tongue and research on biospecific interactions, see figure 1 in section 5) in addition
to the data evaluation project area.
During stage III discussions with the president of the university took place and the
possibilities and advantages of developing a centre independent of the Department of
Physics and Measurement Technology were thoroughly evaluated. However due to
the boundary conditions the conclusion was that there were still benefits with the
association to the department compared to a self standing unit in the university
organisation.
A Scientific and Industrial advisory board was initiated during stage III. The centre
had two meetings with this board that consisted of Prof. Nico de Rooij, Institute of
Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland and Prof. Elena Dominguez,
University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain, as scientific experts and Mr. Sven-Bertil Nilsson
as the industrial expert.
A plan describing how to tackle the issues of how to include new partners and projects
at the start of a new stage as well as during a stage, implementation of results, new
sources of funding, etc. was discussed during stage II and established during stage III.
The more specific goals of S-SENCE, as expressed in the original proposal to
NUTEK, are formulated in points below. Under each point short examples are given
illustrating how the goals have been met and fulfilled. The statements are in some
cases further expressed under other headings in this report. The initial goals of SSENCE were:
1. Set up cooperation with industry and other external partners regarding the
development, production and application of sensors and sensor systems
During the 10 years of operation the centre has collaborated on the development and
application of sensor science with 25 industrial (or non-university) partners. In most
cases all actors along the whole chain (development, production, application) has been
possible to realize, but in some cases, in particular where a sensor manufacturer with
mass production capacity has been a prerequisite, this actor has been impossible to
incorporate.
2. Increase personnel- and information exchange with external partners
The personnel exchange has been rather extensive since the start of the centre with
more than 20 persons leaving the centre for employments in the industry. Information
exchange between the centre and the partners as well as between various industrial
partners has been facilitated by active industrial representation in the project
management and execution. The distribution of the minutes from the weekly meetings
at the university in the centre, the yearly two-days “S-SENCE meeting” when the
whole centre meets, the industry normally well represented, to inform on new results
18
and discuss future activities are other examples of how information has been delivered
and exchanged.
3. Perform basic research of interest to several types of industries
Each of the different application project areas have in general had more than one (and
up to seven) industrial partner, from different industrial branches e.g. car producer and
power supplier, involved in the collaboration. These application projects were then
backed up by generic activities as described above. By organizing the research in this
way the different companies all got access and benefit of the basic research.
4. Develop new technologies for sensors and sensor systems
As a result of the basic research performed during stage I of the centre the electronic
tongue was developed. This field of research attracted during stage II three new
industrial partners to the centre and at the start of stage III this number had increased
to seven new industrial partners.
5. Obtain new knowledge to be used for new technology during the next decade
See point 3 and 4.
6. Coordinate basic research of importance for the development of bio- and
chemical sensors
The way of organising the generic and applied research within S-SENCE has been an
attempt to coordinate the basic research conducted by the centre in a way so it would
be beneficial for the development of bio- and chemical sensors. Examples of how this
has been successful are for example the development of the electronic tongue; a “high
temperature SiC sensor” has opened further application areas such as combustion
emission monitoring as well as providing a further increase in selectivity patterns.
7. Make it possible to start or develop cooperation with other research groups or
disciplines of importance for the development of sensors and sensor systems
Intense cooperation within all projects with different research groups at Swedish as
well as international universities and institutes has been a natural part of the work.
8. Offer a platform for the start of spin-off companies
Three spin-off companies have been the result of the activities in, or the personnel
from, the centre. In one case, Mandalon, the build up of knowledge and know-how of
personnel in the centre led to the start of a company. In the two other cases, Senset
and SenSiC, it was a direct result of the research conducted in the centre that initiated
the start of the companies (see section 5.1-2).
9. Deepen international contacts/cooperation and to become a basis for research
within EU-programs
All projects within S-SENCE have had a very intense international net of contacts.
Collaborations in various forms exist with universities all over the world and
companies or research institutes not members in S-SENCE. In addition to this, SSENCE has been involved in 8 EU-projects.
The conclusion is that all of the goals expressed above have been met to various
degrees.
19
20
5. Technical and scientific achievements
As indicated above, the organization of the projects within S-SENCE changed from a
number of very specific application areas to three very broad project areas (gas phase
sensing, liquid phase sensing and biosensing). The latter division was used during
stages III and IV and is illustrated in Fig. 1. An industrial partner could join one or
several project areas and participate in one or several projects within each project
area. For each project area there has also been basic research activities supporting the
applications of each sensor technology. In addition to the three project areas there was
furthermore a generic group on signal evaluation, supporting all the three project
areas.
In general, the activity has been high within all project areas. In sections 5.1 – 5.4 the
progress in the different areas is presented in some detail.
S-SENCE
Tina Krantz-Rülcker, Director
Gas phase
Applications
Liquid phase
Applications
Biosensor
Applications
Anita Lloyd Spetz
Tina Krantz-Rülcker
Fredrik Winquist
Bo Liedberg
AppliedSensor
Ford Motor Company
NIBE
Volvo Powertrain
Basic gas sensor
research
Mats Eriksson
Anita Lloyd Spetz
Asko Cylinda
Billerud
Ford Motor Company
Senset
Tekniska verken
Volvo Powertrain
Biacore
Biosensor
Applications
Biospec. interact.
research
Bo Liedberg
Basic gas sensor
research
Fredrik Winquist
Signal evaluation
Martin Holmberg
Fig. 1. Overview of the research organization at S-SENCE during stages III and IV
and the distribution of the participating member companies during stage IV.
21
5.1. Gas phase sensing
A few highlights of the activities in the gas sensor area are:
• A silicon carbide based sensor system was developed together with NIBE Industry
for control of domestic boilers. The sensor system, which also included a
commercial temperature sensor, was used to control the primary and secondary air
inlet of the wood fueled boiler. The combustion efficiency increased considerably
and the emissions were drastically lowered. Both rather wet wood and very dry
wood could be used as fuel, still with good result. This sensor system was later
further developed by a spin-off company (SenSiC AB, launched in 2007) for
commercialization.
• Already in stage I it was shown that SiC based gas sensors can be operated at 750
°C for several weeks and show time constants below a few milliseconds. These
properties facilitated cylinder-specific monitoring at tests on the exhaust gases
from real engines.
• SiC-FET ammonia sensors were successfully tested on two Volvo trucks during a
10 days excursion in Spain. The two trucks were equipped with urea injection
systems in order to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions.
• AppliedSensor carried out development on a hydrogen sensor for safety
applications in the automotive segment. In 2007 it was announced that
AppliedSensor’s hydrogen gas detection module is incorporated in the BMW
Hydrogen 7 which was the first hydrogen driven car in the luxury performance
segment. The connection between AppliedSensor and BMW was initiated by Dr.
Mats Eriksson during a period as a visiting scientist in Munich 2002. The
development was then carried out at AppliedSensor, including former employees at
LiU/S-SENCE employed by AppliedSensor, in collaboration with BMW.
In stages I and II the gas phase sensor work was divided into applications based on the
electronic nose and high temperature applications based on the MISiC sensor. An
electronic nose is an array of non-selective gas sensors with partly overlapping
selectivities, combined with multivariate sensor signal analysis. MISiC stands for
Metal-Insulator-Silicon Carbide, i.e. a Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) field
effect device where the semiconductor is made of silicon carbide (SiC). These devices
can be operated in the temperature region 100 – 800 °C, which is a much wider range
than that of MIS field effect devices based on silicon. In stages III and IV the idea of
the electronic nose as a general instrument applicable in all kinds of applications was
somewhat downplayed in favor of smaller and more applications specific sensor
systems.
The high temperature work on MISiC sensors were initially focused on cylinder
specific monitoring of automotive engine exhausts. Later on projects on ""Flue gas
monitoring", "Cold start lambda sensor", "NH3 sensor for SCR control" along with
"Characterization of MISiC sensors" and "Prototype sensor system for boiler control"
were important.
Examples of project areas exploring the applicability of the electronic nose are "Field
methods for breath alcohol measurements", "Bioprocess measurement with multi
sensor arrays" and "New methods for product quality control". In the latter case the
22
applicability to measurements on quality parameters on cereals, paper products, milk
and food were investigated.
Later on (stages II-IV) more basic research on hydrogen and ammonia sensors was
carried out. The results from these studies gave new insights to the gas response
mechanisms of the sensors, both for the Si and the SiC based devices. This new
knowledge concerns gas adsorption on the metal and the insulator surfaces, the
catalytic reactions occurring at the metal-gas interface and the properties of the metalinsulator interface.
5.2. Liquid phase sensing
A few highlights of the activities in the liquid phase sensing area are:
• The voltammetric electronic tongue was commercialized by the company Senset
AB during stages III and IV. A method for the determination of the
environmentally important parameter chemical oxygen demand (COD) was
developed during stage IV, and on-line analytical systems were installed in the
paper and pulp industry at the S-SENCE partner Billerud. These systems have
proven very reliable, with a minimum of maintenance.
• An electronic tongue was implemented in the product line in a dairy industry
(Skånemejerier). The electronic tongue could follow milk qualities, change of milk
sources, and cleaning efficiency for over six months without any need of service.
• A method for monitoring water quality at a water production plant of Tekniska
Verken was introduced. Successful measurements of the water quality have been
performed. Also, an automatic sample handling system has been developed and run
during four months.
The aim of the project area has been to obtain a deeper knowledge of the
measurements principles of a new sensor technology, an electronic tongue, for
measurements in liquid phases, and to utilize this technology in relevant applications.
The voltammetric electronic tongue developed was a very new and unproven concept
when the second stage of the center and the project area started. The applicability and
versatility of the concept was therefore uncertain but intriguing. Through the results
obtained from all the projects the potential of the concept was shown to be very high.
Successful measurements have thus been performed on a range of samples such as
milk, yogurt, white water, pulp, dish and washing machine processes, fermentation
processes, fruit juices, jam, water etc with different issues for each category.
During stage III, implementation of the technique was performed in a dairy industry
for measurements of mixed product phases as well as for the monitoring of dish
processes. Interesting results were also obtained on soil; both pH and the
concentration of cadmium, copper, and some more environmentally interesting heavy
metals could be determined.
The studies of the combination of various electronic senses like for example
electronic noses and electronic tongues have also been very successful and showed
23
that more information will be gained by such a combination. In an experiment for
quality studies on different types of red wine, an electronic nose, an electronic tongue,
a color meter, a conductivity meter and a pH electrode were successfully used, each
sensor system giving specific information.
The most important objectives of the project have been:
• Basic development and optimization of the electronic tongue for different
applications. This includes development of reference methods, studies of different
pulse techniques and drift studies.
• New methods for control of microbial activity in whitewater and pulp systems.
Development of sampling and sample handling in pulp system. Time series.
• Optimization of dish and washing processes by the use of electronic noses and
electronic tongues.
• Detection of microbial activity in food with an electronic tongue. Development of
measurement procedures of fungal growth, measurements of fungal growth
during various growth stages.
• Monitoring of product changes in the dairy industry by using an electronic
tongue. Development of an electronic tongue applicable in a food production
process with high hygienic status.
• Monitoring of water quality by using an electronic tongue.
• Monitoring of dishing efficiency in a dairy industry. Development of a robust and
hygienic electronic tongue for use in the dairy industry
• Monitoring of ozone concentration in a sterilization unit. Development of ozone
prediction algorithms from electronic tongue data.
5.3. Biosensing
A few highlights of the activities in the biosensing area are:
• New types of biosensor surfaces have been developed both for Biacore and
Biosensor Applications. The detection of small molecules, explosives and
narcotics, was successfully demonstrated using imaging surface plasmon resonance
and selective immobilized antibodies. Discrimination of different drugs in a
mixture (heroin, ecstasy, cocaine, ...) was obtained.
• Coagulation could for the first time be detected under flow conditions by the
surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique
• Piezo-dispensed microarrays of multivalent chelating thiols for protein-protein
interaction studies
• Gold nano-particle based bioassays for the detection of immunocomplex formation
• Multisensing surfaces through photografted poly (ethylene glycol) with excellent
non-fouling properties for biosensing applications (microarrays, gradients, ...)
In this project area the work has been focused on biosensors where a biological
interaction is transformed into a measurable signal. During stage III recent
developments in the area of soft lithography (so-called micro contact printing, μCP)
were utilized for the generation of novel microarray sensing chips for bio- and
chemical sensor applications. One of the important goals was to create a prototype
chip that can be integrated with the present detection and liquid handling systems of
24
the Biacore instruments. The production of hydrophobic barriers on the already
existing Biacore biosensor chip was presented. These barriers are intended to hold
nanoliter-picoliter volumes of the solutions in place during biological activation of the
chip.
During stage IV the collaboration with Biacore focused on the assembly of a new
instrument for real time imaging of biospecific interaction phenomena at surfaces. We
have also worked on the design and production of a fluidic system that is compatible
with simultaneous SPR and fluorescence detection. BAAB is developing technology
for collection, enrichment and detection of explosive substances and narcotics. The
detection is performed with a QCM transducer that consists of thin gold film on top a
quartz crystal. The work includes the development of new or improved surface
chemistry that enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of their biosensing system.
During stage II of S-SENCE a project on blood coagulation was run together with
Biacore and GHI. The background was that blood factor deficiencies as well as
medical drugs affect the blood coagulation time and kinetics. The real-time
observation of blood interaction with sensor surfaces modified in an appropriate and
controlled way may reveal the blood status in an early phase. The brief sample
preparation time increases the potential of the method in bed-side applications. The
main aim was to improve analysis and diagnosis of blood at flow conditions instead of
the present steady-state analysis. Some of the achievements were that coagulation was
for the first time detected under flow conditions by SPR and that blood plasma was
studied and downstream coagulation due to upstream surface-bound procoagulant
(thromboplastin) was observed.
5.4. Signal evaluation
A few highlights of the activities in the signal evaluation group are:
• Development of a new method for drift counteraction called component correction.
The method is based on standard multivariate techniques modified to suit chemical
sensor systems.
• Extensive study of the information content in electronic tongue signals. This also
led to the development of a curve-fitting method to compress data.
• Development of a wavelet-based algorithm for compression of data from the
electronic tongue.
• Development of a new drift counteraction method based on multiple calibration
substances.
• A sensor data evaluation method for monitoring of flue gases in heaters has been
developed. The method shows that it is possible to use the high temperature
sensors in small household heaters in order to improve the performance. The
method also constitutes a foundation for developing models for control of the
heater.
The signal evaluation group in S-SENCE has worked with multivariate analysis and
pattern recognition aspects of sensor arrays, that is, to develop new techniques that
better utilize the information from the sensor arrays. In this work, data from both the
electronic nose, gas sensor arrays and the electronic tongue have been used. The focus
has been on developing new algorithms and adapting existing algorithms to suit the
25
needs of all groups in S-SENCE. The aim has been to work with a whole chain of
tasks: Problem Identification; Development/study of algorithms; Adaptation to our
needs; Evaluation of its performance with real data from the electronic nose or
tongue.
26
6. Industrial results and effects
The Competence Centre for Catalysis, KCK, developed a model on how to handle
IPR-issues that became the model for most competence centres. In short, the message
in this model is that the inventor/-s owns their invention with a royalty-free right of
use for the industrial partners. These partners also have an option to acquire the
ownership of the patents according to specified conditions.
21 patent applications have been filed (see Appendix D) of which 17 have at least one
industrial partner as the applicant and 18 have at least one S-SENCE researcher as
inventor, illustrating the strong collaborative spirit between academia and industry
during the whole 10 year period.
The personal mobility has been high. 7 PhD, trained at the centre, 2 engineers and 4
M.Sc. from the centre have been employed by industrial partners. In addition one SSENCE director has been employed as a research manager, two senior scientists have
been part time employed by industrial partners and S-SENCE PhD students and
engineers have been engaged on an hourly basis for technology transfer and during
periods of high workload. 2 senior scientists have also been members of research
councils of the industrial partners.
The voltammetric electronic tongue, developed within S-SENCE during stage I led to
the foundation of a spin-off company, Senset AB, in 2001 by researchers Fredrik
Winquist, Tina Krantz-Rülcker, Lars-Gunnar Ekedahl and Ingemar Lundström. The
commercialization led to a method for the determination of the environmentally
important parameter chemical oxygen demand (COD) which was developed during
stage IV, and on-line analytical systems were installed in the paper and pulp industry,
e.g. at the S-SENCE partner Billerud. These systems have proven very reliable, with a
minimum of maintenance.
A silicon carbide based sensor system was developed together with NIBE industrier
for control of domestic boilers. The sensor system, which also included a commercial
temperature sensor, was used to control the primary and secondary air inlet of the
wood fueled boiler. The combustion efficiency increased considerably and the
emissions were drastically lowered. Both rather wet wood and very dry wood could
be used as fuel, still with good result. The project led to the formation of a spin-off
company, SenSiC AB, launched in 2007 by researchers Anita Lloyd Spetz and Mike
Andersson together with two entrepreneurs, Bo Hammarlund and Lars Hammarlund,
with NIBE as the first customer. SenSiC is now commercializing SiC sensors e.g. for
NIBE and other domestic boiler manufacturers and as an oxygen sensor for the
automotive industry.
In 2004 it was reported that the SiC based NH3 sensor successfully detected 10 ppm
NH3 in diesel exhausts. It was taken as proof of concept by AppliedSensor and
technology transfer was performed for the application control of SCR in diesel trucks.
The SCR, Selective Catalytic Converter, process means that NOx is reduced in the
catalytic converter by NH3, which is injected as urea in the exhaust system.
Technology transfer was performed by Prof. Anita Lloyd Spetz and the PhD student
Helena Wingbrant, both hired part time by the company. The commercialization of
27
the SiC based NH3 sensor was, however, stopped in the company in 2006. The SiC
based sensors are now commercialized by SenSiC.
SiC-FET ammonia sensors were successfully tested on two Volvo trucks during a 10
days excursion in Spain. The two trucks were equipped with urea injection systems in
order to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions.
Already in stage I it was shown that SiC based gas sensors can be operated at 1000 °C
for a short time and show time constants below a few milliseconds when operated at
temperatures ≥ 550 °C . These properties facilitated cylinder-specific monitoring tests
on the exhaust gases from real engines at Mecel AB in Åmål.
AppliedSensor (formerly NST) is not a real spin-off company due to the activities of
S-SENCE since it was started before the start of S-SENCE. However, it is a spin-off
company of the research on metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistors,
MISFETs, that was used in the electronic noses that constituted the scientific base for
the establishment of S-SENCE at that time. S-SENCE has been important for the
development of the company and the company has been important for the
development of S-SENCE.
AppliedSensor has carried out development on a hydrogen sensor for safety
applications in the automotive segment. In 2007 it was announced that
AppiledSensor’s hydrogen gas detection module is incorporated in the BMW
Hydrogen 7 which was the first hydrogen driven car in the luxury performance
segment. The connection between AppliedSensor and BMW was initiated by Dr. Mats
Eriksson during a period as a visiting scientist in Munich 2002. The development was
then carried out at AppliedSensor, including former employees at LiU/S-SENCE
employed by AppliedSensor, in collaboration with BMW.
New types of biosensor surfaces have been developed both for Biacore and Biosensor
Applications. The detection of small molecules, explosives and narcotics, was
successfully demonstrated using imaging surface plasmon resonance and selective
immobilized antibodies. Discrimination of different drugs in a mixture (heroin,
ecstasy, cocaine, ...) was obtained.
An electronic tongue was implemented in the product line in a dairy industry
(Skånemejerier). The electronic tongue could follow milk qualities, change of milk
sources, and cleaning efficiency for over six months without any need of service.
A method for monitoring water quality at a water production plant of Tekniska
Verken was introduced. Successful measurements of the water quality have been
performed. Also, an automatic sample handling system has been developed and run
during four months.
28
7. Final remarks
S-SENCE was established in 1995 as one of VINNOVA’s ”Competence centers” and
has during more than ten years been an important player in national and international
chemical sensor research and development. Altogether 25 companies have been
engaged in S-SENCE over the years. This fact has been valuable both for the
researchers at Linköping university and for the involved companies. Several long
lasting relationships have been created for continued collaboration. Interestingly
several activities within S-SENCE have resulted in new companies, new products and
research within other research programs.
S-SENCE has been evaluated on several occasions. In connection to an international
evaluation in 2003 the following conclusions were drawn by the evaluators, the CEO
of one of the industrial partners and the dean of the Institute of Technology and
Prorektor of Linköping University, illustrating the success of S-SENCE:
• S-SENCE was evaluated by an international evaluation committee in 2003. The
evaluators (Prof. John S. Baras, Prof. Claus-Dieter Kohl, Prof. Milena KoudelkaHep and Prof. Per Stenius) conclude that: "Research at S-SENCE is on an
internationally leading level. S-SENCE has established an impressive expertise in
gas sensors and is also becoming recognized for its work in liquid phase sensor
applications. S-SENCE has succeeded in creating a productive and well
functioning environment for industry-university collaboration in sensor science and
technology, resulting in impressive new sensor technologies as well as successful
commercialization and product development. Teaching and training are
outstanding and internationally acknowledged."
• AppliedSensor was an industrial partner in S-SENCE during stages II-IV and their
CEO 2003 Magnus Karlsson writes in a letter on September 4, 2003 on
"AppliedSensor´s beneficiary participation in S-SENCE" that :
“With a few of NUTEK´s success criteria for S-SENCE;
- “Offer the industry an attractive and focused research environment for
cooperation, problem solution and long-term competence development.”
- “It should be characterized by mutual personnel exchange between the
university and the industry.”
one can clearly state that S-SENCE has met those criteria’s and that AppliedSensor
has benefited from its participation in S-SENCE.”
• The dean of the Institute of Technology and Prorektor of Linköping University
2003, Mille Millnert, writes on August 26, 2003 in a letter on "The role and impact
of S-SENCE as a center of excellence at Linköping university" that "It has been
very interesting to follow the establishment and development of the centers of
excellence. Earlier collaborations were mainly based upon bilateral agreements
between individual research groups and one or a few industrial partners. The
development of them has created a strong infrastructure where partners can join
and work together with other companies and researchers from different groups and
departments in joint projects. The resources allocated to S-SENCE have resulted in
the strong infrastructure mentioned and the creation of a platform for research with
29
a good international reputation that in turn has been important for the generation of
further grants to the field. The work within S-SENCE has also resulted in industrial
contacts and networks with other research groups (national as well as international)
that have been very important for Linköping University. The combination of good
science and problem solving of industrially relevant issues offered by the center of
excellence is unique. This way of working is necessary to be able to bridge
between academic research and industrial improvement of products and process
optimization".
The research program of S-SENCE has in principle contained three different parts, i)
gas sensors and their applications, ii) liquid sensors and their applications, and iii)
biosensors and their applications. The gas sensor work, which during the latest years
concentrated on sensors for high temperatures based on silicon carbide was partly
picked up by a new VINNOVA funded centre, called FunMat, through the active
participation of one of S-SENCE co-workers, Prof. Anita Lloyd Spetz, and a few of
the previous S-SENCE partners in that program. The liquid sensor work i.e. work on
so called electronic tongues has resulted in a spin-off company, Senset, which
commercializes the electronic tongue technique while S-SENCE continues the
research. The biosensor work is well established and is continued by the research
group of Prof. Bo Liedberg.
Since the direct VINNOVA funding to S-SENCE ended in mid 2006, the conditions
for the activities within the centre changed, for both good and bad. The loss of basic
funding from VINNOVA means that some of the economical stability is lost. On the
other hand the boundary conditions for cooperation are no longer tied to a master
contract, which increases the degrees of freedom for interacting with external
partners. It makes among other things international collaborations, e.g. within EUprojects, simpler. It is obvious from national and international research programs that
the interesting areas for future academic research are within medical diagnostics,
environmental monitoring and civil safety and security. These are the areas that seem
to point out the direction for the "new" S-SENCE.
30
Appendix A: Members of the board
1995 – 1997
Lennart Gedda, Stora Billerud (Chairman)
Ingemar Lundström, Linköping University
Jan Nytomt, Mecel
Hasse Odenö, Linköping University *
Arne Pettersson, Svenska Lantmännen
Maris Hartmanis, Pharmacia Biopharmaceuticals
Lennart Nilsson, Eka Nobel
* Hasse Odenö, the dean of the Institute of Technology at Linköping university, left in
1996 to become rector at the Mälardalen högskola and was replaced by Mille
Millnert, the new dean at the Institute of Technology.
Deputy members:
Edward Jobson, Volvo
Ingvar Kopp, SKL
Torgny Ljungberg, Iggesund Paperboard
1998 – 2000
Arne Pettersson, Solstahälsan (Chairman)
Öystein Aksnes, Iggesund
Staffan Billinger, Asko Cylinda
Jan Nytomt, Mecel,
Mats Råby, Global Hemostasis Institute
Mille Millnert, Linköping University
Deputy members:
Göran Bengtsson, STORA
Nippe Hylander, Assi Domän
Ulf Jönsson, Biacore
2001 – 2002
Kjell Lindström, Lund University
Per Mårtensson, AppliedSensor
Johanna Svanberg, Håfreströms AB
Johan Tollin, Vattenfall
Deputy members:
Anders Moritz, Tekniska Verken
31
Mats Rånby, Global Homeostasis Institute
Lars Ödberg, AssiDomän
2003 – 2004
Kjell Lindström, Lund University
Mikael Löfdahl, AppliedSensor
Per Mårtensson, Proxedra
Per Salomonsson, Volvo
Deputy members:
Sten-Gunnar Johansson, Mjärdevi Science Park
Jörgen Sjödahl, Laboratoriemedicin i Östergötland
Christian Vieder, Acreo
2005 – June 2006
Mikael Löfdahl, AppliedSensor AB
Per Mårtensson, Proxedra
Per Salomonsson, Volvo
Jörgen Sjödahl, Laboratoriemedicin i Östergötland
Deputy members:
Sten-Gunnar Johansson, Mjärdevi Teknikpark
Christian Vieder, Acreo
32
Appendix B: Examinations
PhD Theses
1. Amir Baranzahi, High temperature solid state gas sensors based on silicon carbide,
device development and applications, Linköping Studies in Science and
Technology, 1996, PhD Thesis No. 422. (Employed by LiU-ITN)
2. Eva Hedborg Karlsson, Gas sensitivity of modified metal-oxide-semiconductor
devices, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 1997, PhD Thesis No.
473. (Employed by FOI)
3. Martin Holmberg, Data evaluation for an electronic nose, Linköping Studies in
Science and Technology, 1997, PhD Thesis No. 474. (Employed by FOI)
4. Helena Lidén, Sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring, Lund University,
Analytical Chemistry, 1998, PhD Thesis No. 1041.
5. Tomas Eklöv, Methods to improve the selectivity of gas sensor systems,
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 1999, PhD Thesis No. 573.
(Employed by AppliedSensor)
6. Peter Tobias, Silicon carbide field-effect devices studied as gas sensors for
exhaust gas monitoring, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 1999, PhD
Thesis No. 585. (Employed at Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA)
7. Thomas Bachinger, Multisensor arrays for bioprocess monitoring, Linköping
Studies in Science and Technology, 1999, PhD Thesis No. 610. (Proxedra, Own
company developing software for multivariate data analysis)
8. Nils Paulsson, New instrumentation for forensic applications: Automatic fiber
detection and breath alcohol measurements, Linköping Studies in Science and
Technology, 2000, PhD Thesis No. 632.
9. Eva-Lotta Kalman, Chemical gas sensors for automobile interiors, Linköping
Studies in Science and Technology, 2000, PhD Thesis No. 655. (Own company)
10. Kenny Hansson, Real-time analysis of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis,
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, 2001, No. 663. (Employed by
AstraZeneca)
11. Mikael Löfdahl, Spatially resolved gas sensing, Linköping Studies in Science and
Technology, 2001, PhD Thesis No. 696. (Own company, Docketorp Technologies
AB)
12. Per Spångeus, New algorithms for general sensors, Linköping Studies in Science
and Technology, 2001, PhD Thesis No. 714.
13. Susanne Holmin, Liquid sensing –Development and characterisation of an
electronic tongue based on electrochemical methods, Linköping Studies in
Science and Technology, 2002, PhD Thesis No. 735.
14. Lars Unéus, Development and characterization of SiC based sensors for harsh
environments, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2002, PhD Thesis
No. 736. (Employed by Volvo)
15. Anna Elisabeth Åbom, Materials design and characterization of the active regions
of gas sensitive field-effect devices, Linköping Studies in Science and
Technology, 2002, PhD Thesis No. 743. (Employed by SAPA)
16. Tom Artursson, Development of pre-processing methods for multivariate sensor
data, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2002, PhD Thesis No. 748.
(Employed by SICK IVP)
33
17. Charlotte Söderström, Measuring microbial activity with an electronic tongue,
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2003, PhD Thesis No. 816.
18. Patrik Ivarsson, Electronic tongues - New sensor technology in household
appliances Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2003, PhD Thesis No.
846. (Employed by Asko Cylinda)
19. Ye Zhou, Microcontact printing of protein microarray applications, Linköping
Studies in Science and Technology, 2004, PhD Thesis No. 886. (Employed by
Obducat AB)
20. Helena Wingbrant, Studies on MISiC-FET sensors for car exhaust gas monitoring,
Linköping studies in science and technology, 2005, Dissertation 931. (Employed
by Scania AB)
21. Anette Salomonsson, New Materials for Gas Sensitive Field-Effect Device
Studies, Linköping studies in science and technology, 2005, Dissertation 957.
(Employed by Sectra Imtec AB)
Licentiate Theses
1. Peter Tobias, Schottky diodes and capacitors based on silicon carbide used as gas
sensors, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 1998, Licentiate Thesis
No. 680. (continued for PhD)
2. Gunnar Forsgren, Evaluation of gas sensors for monitoring volatile compounds
emitted from packaging board products, Linköping Studies in Science and
Technology, 1999, Licentiate Thesis No. 771 (Employed by Iggesund Paper
Board, continued for PhD on part time)
3. Lisa Åbom, Processing and characterization of thin film field effect gas sensors,
Linköping studies in science and technology, 2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 836.
(continued for PhD)
4. Henrik Svenningstorp, High temperature sensors for exhaust diagnosis, Linköping
Studies in Science and Technology, 2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 850. (Employed
by Volvo)
5. Lars Unéus, Development and characterisation of MISiC sensors applied for
monitoring of hot flue gases, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2000,
Licentiate Thesis No. 852. (continued for PhD)
6. Ulrike Koller, The electronic tongue in dairy industry, Linköping Studies in
Science and Technology, 2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 859. (Employed by
Göteborgs kex)
7. Patrik Ivarsson, Artificial senses – New technology in household appliances,
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 858.
(continued for PhD)
8. Tom Artursson, Data and drift reduction for multivariate data, Linköping Studies
in Science and Technology, 2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 862. (continued for PhD)
9. Håkan Johnson, Evaluation of an electronic tongue for monitoring the microbial
status of a pulp and paper process, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology,
2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 900. (Employed by a company producing
biomolecules)
10. Anders Carlsson, Multivariate characterization of paper machine wet-end
chemistry using an electronic tongue, Linköping Studies in Science and
34
Technology, 2000, Licentiate Thesis No. 901. (Employed by LiU as
Environmental manager)
11. H. Wingbrant: Development of high temperature SiC based field effect sensors for
internal combustion engine monitoring, Linköping Studies in Science and
Technology 2003, Thesis no. 1051. (continued for PhD)
12. Anette Salomonsson, Catalytic reactions and hydrogen sensing with Pt- and PdMIS devices, Linköping Studies in Science and Technology 2003, Thesis no.
1060. (continued for PhD)
13. Jenny Carlsson, Surface analytical methods and multivariate data analysis applied
to lectin panels, Linköping studies in science and technology, 2004, Licentiate
thesis No. 1123. (continued for PhD)
14. Mike Andersson, Development and characterization of SiC based field effect gas
sensors and sensor systems for emissions monitoring and control of biomass
combustion, Linköping studies in science and technology, 2005, Licentiate thesis
No. 1155. (continued for PhD)
15. Roger Klingvall, Field effect gas sensors and SLPT measurement systems,
Linköping studies in science and technology, 2006, Licentiate thesis No. 1251
(continued for PhD)
Master theses
1. Reine Johansson, Evaluation of the Reponse to Flue Gases of High Temperature
Sensors based on Silicon Carbide, Linköping, June 1995, LiTH-IFM-EX-647.
2. Lisa Åbom, Study of synthetic exhausts before and after a catalytic converter with
a high temperature electronic nose based on metal-insulator-silicon carbide
Schottky diodes, Linköping April 1997, LiTH-IFM-Ex-701.
3. Rongfen Zhu, Development of a suitable package for MISiC sensors to be used in
the electronic nose, January 1998, LiTH-IFM-Ex-730.
4. Lars Unéus, Silicon carbide sensors with thin metal gates for detection of
ammonia in oxygen rich environments or diesel engine exhausts, February 1998,
LiU-IFM-Fysik-Ex-619.
5. Henrik Svenningstorp, Exhaust gas diagnosis by catalytic metal oxide silicon
carbide sensors, February 1998, LiU-IFM-Physics-EX-618.
6. Chatarina Wijk, Nitric oxide sensitivity of catalytic metal-insulator-silicon carbide
devices, January 1999, LiU-IFM-Fysik-Ex 688.
7. Anders Carlsson, MIS gas sensors with metal thickness gradients. II: Morphology
and surface chemistry, LiTH-IFM-Ex-788, Feb. 1999.
8. Chooosri Utaiwasin, MIS gas sensors with metal thickness gradients. I: Laterally
resolved gas response, LiTH-IFM-Ex-789, Feb. 1999.
9. Martin Einehag, Hexanal characterisation of metal insulator silicon carbide
devices: application to quality of milk, June 1999, LiU-IFM-Ex-815.
10. Maria Stenberg, 20 p, 1999
11. Steve Andersson, 10 p, 1999
12. Björn Widén, Hydrocarbon sensitivity of metal insulator silicon carbide devices in
exhaust gases, June 1999, LiTH-IFM-Ex-816.
13. Roger Pettersson, Catalytic reduction of CO and HC in flue gases: Theory and
survey of two catalytic converters, 1999, LiTH-IFM-Ex-828.
35
14. Björn Svedberg, SLPT studies of MIS gas sensors with Pd and Pd alloys as metal
layers, LiTH-IFM-Fysik-Ex-772, Dec. 1999.
15. Linda Andersson, Tailored nanostructure of the metal gate of gas sensitive MIS
devices by means of polystyrene spheres, LiTH-IFM-Fysik-Ex-781, Feb. 2000.
16. Olle Larsson, Prediction of Air/ fuel ratio of individual cylinders in internal
combustion SI engines by means of Ion-sense and MISiC sensor signals in a
linear regression model, Linköping September 2000, LiU-IFM-Fysik-Ex 833.
17. Gunnar Höst, Hydrocarbon measurement in car exhaust gases using an array of
MISiC sensors, Linköping, December 2000, LiTH-IFM-EX-978.
18. Daniel Nilsson, 20 p, 2000
19. Annelie Niva, 10 p, 2000
20. Göran Drott, 20 p, 2000
21. Annelie Drevemo and Andrea Barany, 10p 2000
22. Marcus Andersson, Master of Science in Physics, 2000.
23. Roger Klingvall, Development and analysis of a Rh-MIS gas sensor using SLPT,
SEM and AES, LiTH-IFM-Ex-967, March 2001.
24. Tomas Leffler, LaF3 as gate material inMISiC sensors for detection of HF and
HCl in flue gases, June 2001, LiTH-IFM-EX-1005.
25. Martin Jönsson, Activation and stability of gas sensitive field effect devices with
platinum and iridium gates, LiU-IFM-Fysik Ex 929, Dec. 2001.
26. Christoffer Valgren, “Design and implementation of a nanoprobing MOS gas
sensor system, LiTH-IFM -Ex-1058, Dec. 2001.
27. Carina Högberg 10p 2001.
28. Rasmus Jansson 20p 2001.
29. Katarina Nyström, 2001, Protein-array development using piezo-dispenser
30. Mike Andersson, Investigations on silicon carbide based field effect devices for a
possible future oxygen sensor for high temperature applications, January 2002,
LiTH-IFM-Ex-1113.
31. Marita Persson, Ammonia Response of MISiC and MISiCFET Chemical Sensor
Devices with Different Sensing Materials, October 2002, LiU-IFM-Ex-1011.
32. Henrik Petersson, Master of Science in Electrical Engineering, 2002.
33. Anne-Christine Rasmusson 20p 2002
34. Goran Klenkar, 2002, Selective modification of Biacore’s biosensor chips with
micro contact printing (mCP)
35. Daniel Tenselius, A MOSFET sensor for hydrogen leakage detection, LiTH-IFM Ex-1121, Feb. 2003.
36. Olof Andersson, 2003, Protein-Micro-array development utilizing Temporary
Hydrophobic Barriers and Piezodispensing
37. Karin Wermelin, 2003, modification of Biacore chips using poly(ethylene
glycols).
38. Christian Ulrich and Dan Louthander, Interdigitated array (IDA) electrodes for
measurements in low conductive media, LiTH-IFM -Ex-1162, 2003.
39. Mårten Lundén, Modification of the catalytic gate material to increase the longterm stabiblity of SiC based field effect sensors, LiTH-IFM -Ex-1316, 2004.
40. Andreas Gällström, Zeolite coated chips for water detection in oil, June 2004,
LITH-IFM-EX-04/1313-SE
41. Mikael Beckne, Evaluation of new catalytic metal / oxide combinations for more
diverse selectivity patterns of SiC-FET sensors, LITH-IFM-EX-04/1321-SE
42. Kristina Buchholt, Study of a new type of transducer for liquid biosensing
applications, LITH-IFM-EX-1404, 2005-03-10
36
43. Elin Becker, Investigations of the Low-Temperature Activity in CO Oxidation
over Supported Platinum Catalysts using High-throughput Screening and DRIFT
spectroscopy, LITH-IFM-EX-05/1466-SE
44. John Howgate, The design and evaluation of a novel gas sensing measurement
system. Part II: Design of simultaneous capacitance and resistance measurement
systems for metal insulator semiconductor sensors. Gas response measurements.
45. Vedran Bandalo, The design and evaluation of a novel gas sensing measurement
system. Part II: Design of simultaneous capacitance and resistance measurement
systems for metal insulator semiconductor sensors. Gas response measurements.
46. Lars Everbrand, MISiCFET-gassensorbaserad reglering av vedeldad
villavärmepanna, LITH-IFM-EX-05/1525-SE
47. Carl-Henrik Eriksson, Direktmätning av organiska föroreningar i mark- Behov
och möjlig teknik, LiTH-IFM -Ex-1354, 2005.
48. Henrik Malmberg, Inverkan av geologiska parametrar på organiska
markföroreningar, ISSN 1400-3821, 2005.
49. Benny Johansson, Co-sputtered thin films as gate materials for field effect sensors,
50. Jens Eriksson, Co-sputterd meta and metal oxide films as gate electrodes in MOS
devices for liquid sensor applications, LITH-IFM-EX-06/1589-SE (10p)
51. Pettersson, Brita, Direktmätning av organiska föroreningar i mark : en jämförelse
mellan geofysiska metoder och gassensorn Electronic Nose 3320, 2006.
52. Elin Pirard, Design of a gas sensor based probe for in situ measurement of organic
pollutants in soil, LiTH-IFM -Ex-1562, 2006.
53. Eric Jonsson, Detektion av kväveoxid och koldioxid med fälteffektsensorer, 2006,
ISSN 1650-8297
37
38
Appendix C: Publications
Articles in refereed journals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
M. Karlsteen, A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz, M. Willander, and I. Lundström,
“Electrical Properties of Inhomogenous SiC MIS structures”, J. Electronic Materials,
24,7 (1995) 853-861.
A. Baranzahi, A. Spetz, and I. Lundström, “Gas Sensitive Field Effect Devices for High
Temperatures”, Eurosensors VIII, Sept.-94, Toulouse, France, Sensors and Actuators B,
26-27 (1995) 165-169.
A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz and I. Lundström, “Reversible hydrogen annealing of
metal-oxide -silicon carbide devices at high temperatures”, Appl. Phys. Letter, 67, 21
(1995), 3203-3205.
J. Subkans, A. Lloyd-Spetz, H. Sundgren, F. Winquist, J. Kleperis, A. Lusis, and I.
Lundström, “In situ modification of the NOx and CO sensitivity of thin Pt-gate
MOSFET's,” Thin Solid Film268, 1-2, (1995) 140-143.
I. Lundström, “Approaches and mechanisms to solid state based sensing”, Sensors and
Actuators B, 35-36 (1996) 11-19.
I. Lundström and L.-G. Petersson, “Chemical sensors with catalytic metal gates”, J. Vac.
Sci. Techn., A 14, 3 (1996) 1539-1545.
I. Lundström, “Why bother about gas-sensitive field-effect devices?”, Sensors and
Actuators A, special issue in honour of Prof. Simon Middelhoek, 56 (1996) 75-82.
T. Börjesson, T. Eklöv, A. Jonsson, H. Sundgren, and J. Schnurer, “Electronic nose for
odor classification of grains”, Cereal Chem. 73(4), (1996) 457-461.
M. Holmberg, F. Winquist, I. Lundström, F. Davide, C. DiNatale, and A.
D’Amico,”Drift counteraction for an electronic nose”, Sensors and Actuators, B35-36
(1996) 528-535.
A. Lloyd Spetz, D. Schmeißer, A. Baranzahi, W. Göpel, B. Wälivaara, and I.
Lundström, “X-ray photoemission and auger electron spectroscopy analysis of fast
responding activated metal oxide silicon carbide gas sensors”, Thin solid Films, 299
(1997) 183-189.
P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz, O. Kordina, E. Janzén, and I. Lundström, “Fast
chemical sensing with metal-insulator-silicon carbide structures”, IEEE Electron Device
Letters, 18, 6 (1997) 287-289.
A. Lloyd Spetz, A. Baranzahi, P. Tobias, and I. Lundström, “High temperature sensors
based on metal insulator silicon carbide devices”, Phys. Stat. Sol (A), 162 (1997) 493511.
A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz, M. Glavmo, C. Carlsson, J. Nytomt, P. Salomonsson, E.
Jobsson, B. Häggendal, and I. Lundström, ”Response of metal-oxide-silicon carbide
sensors to simulated and real exhaust gases”, Sensors and Actuators B, 43, 1-3, (1997)
52-59.
T. Eklöv, H. Sundgren and I. Lundström, ”Distributed chemical sensing”, Sensors and
Actuators B 45, (1997), 71-77.
S. Nakagomi, P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, and A. Lloyd
Spetz, “Influence of carbon monoxide, water, and oxygen on high temperature catlaytic
metal - oxide - silicon carbide structures”, Sensors and Actuators B, 45 (1997) 183-191.
A. Baranzahi, P. Tobias, A. Lloyd Spetz, I Lundström, P. Mårtensson, M. Glavmo, A.
Göras, J. Nytomt, P. Salomonsson, and H. Larsson, “Fast responding air/fuel sensor for
individual cylinder control”, SAE Technical Paper Series 972940, Combustion and
Emisson Formation in SI Engines, (1997) 231-240 (SP-1300).
C.F Mandenius, T. Eklöv, and I. Lundström, “Sensor fusion with on-line gas emission
multisensor arrays and standard process measuring devices in baker´s yeast
manufacturing process”. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 55, (1997) 427-438.
39
18. M. Holmberg, F. Davide, C. DiNatale, A. D’Amico, F. Winquist and I. Lundström,
“Drift counteraction in odour recognition applications: Lifelong calibration method”
Sensors and Actuators, B42, (1997) 185-194.
19. Jonsson, F. Winquist, H. Sundgren, J. Schnürer, and I. Lundström, "Electronic noses for
microbial classification of grains", International Journal of Food Microbiology, 35,
(1997) 187-193.
20. F. Winquist, H. Elwing and A. Askendal, "Two-dimensional reflectometry visualisation
of antigen-antibody binding on solid surfaces", Colloids and Surfaces: Biointerfaces 9,
(1997) 59-65.
21. P. Wide, F. Winquist, and D. Driankov ”An air quality sensor system with fuzzy
classification”, Measurement Science and Technology 8, (1997) 138-146.
22. E-L. Kalman, F. Winquist, and I. Lundström, ”A new pollen detection method based on
an electronic nose”, Atmospheric Environment 31,11, (1997) 1715-1719.
23. T. Eklöv, P. Mårtensson and I. Lundström, ”Enhanced selectivity of MOSFET gas
sensors by systematical analysis of transient parameters”, Anal. Chim. Acta. 353,
(1997), 291-300.
24. G. Forsgren and S. Sjöström, “Identification of carton board qualities using gas
chromatography or gas sensitive sensors in combination with multivariate data
analysis”, Nordic Paper and Pulp Research Journal, 12, 4, (1997) 276-281.
25. F. Winquist, P. Wide, and I Lundström, “An electronic tongue based on voltammetry”
Analytica Chimica Acta, 357, (1997) 21-31.
26. P. Tobias, P. Mårtensson, A. Baranzahi, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström, L. Åbom, and
A. Lloyd Spetz, “Response of metal –insulator-silicon carbide sensors to different
components in exhaust gases”, Sensors and Actuators B, 47 (1998) 125-130.
27. P. Tobias, S. Nakagomi, A. Baranzahi, R. Zhu, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, and A.
Lloyd Spetz, “Electrical characterization of chemical sensors based on catalytic metal
gate-silicon carbide Schottky diodes”, Material Sci. Forum, 264-268 (1998) 1097-1100.
28. P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, I. Lundström, A. Schöner, K. Rottner, S. Karlsson, P.
Mårtensson, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Studies of the ambient dependent inversion
capacitance of catalytic metal - oxide - silicon carbide devices based on 6H and 4H SiC
material”, ICSCIII´97, Stockholm, August 31 - September 5, Material Sci. Forum, 264268 (1998) 1089-1092.
29. A. Baranzahi, P. Tobias, A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Mårtensson, L. G. Ekedahl, and I.
Lundström, “Chemical sensors with catalytic metal gates: switching behavior and
kinetic phase transitions”, J.Elechtrochem. Soc., 145, 10 (1998) 3401-3406.
30. A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Tobias, L-G. Ekedahl, P. Mårtensson, and I. Lundström, ”Fast
chemical sensors for emission control”, The Electrochemical Society Interface, 7, 4
(1998) 34-38.
31. C.F. Mandenius, A. Hagman, F. Dunås, S. Sundgren, and I. Lundström, “A multisensor
array for visualizing continuous state transitions in biopharmaceutical processes using
principal component analysis”, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 13, (1998) 193-199.
32. T. Bachinger, P.,Mårtensson, and C.F. Mandenius, “Estimation of biomass and specific
growth rate in a recombinant E. coli batch cultivation using a chemical multisensor
array”, J. Biotechnology 60, (1998) 55-66.
33. H. Lidén, C.F. Mandenius, L. Gorton, N. Meinander, I. Lundström, and F. Winquist,
“On-line monitoring of a fermentation using an electronic nose”, Anal. Chim. Acta 361,
(1998) 223-232.
34. T. Bachinger, H. Lidén, P. Mårtensson, and C.F. Mandenius, “On-line estimation of
state variables in baker´s yeast fermentation using an electronic nose”, Food Analysis
Seminars. 3, (1998) 85 -91.
35. I. Ljungberg Willing, and A. Brundin, I. Lundström, “Odour Analysis of Paperboard, the
Correlation between Human Senses and Electronic Sensors using Multivariate
Analysis”, Packag. Technol. Sci., 11, (1998) 59 – 67.
40
36. T. Börjesson, and L. Johnsson, “Detection of common bunt (Tilletia caries) infestation
in wheat with an electronic nose and a human panel”, Z. Pflanzenkrankheit und
Pflanzenschutz 105 (3), (1998) 306-313.
37. P. Wide, F. Winquist, P. Bergsten and P.Petriu, “The human-based multisensor fusion
method for artificial nose and tongue sensor data”, IEEE Transactions on
Instrumentation and Measurements, 47, 5, (1998).
38. E-L. Kalman, F. Winquist, I. Lundström, M. Grönberg and A. Löfvendahl, “A
semiconductor gas sensor array for the detection of gas emissions from the interior trim
materials in automobiles”, SAE Technical Paper 980995 (1998) 1-6.
39. T. Eklöv, G. Johansson, F. Winquist and I. Lundström, “Monitoring sausage
fermentation using an electronic nose”, Journal Sci. Food Agric. 76, (1998) 525-532.
40. M. Holmberg, F. Gustafsson, E-G. Hörnsten, F. Winquist, L-E. Nilsson, L. Ljung and I.
Lundström, “Bacteria classification based on feature extraction from sensor data”,
Biotechnology Techniques 12, 4, (1998) 319-324.
41. F. Winquist, C. Krantz-Rülcker, P. Wide and I. Lundström ”Monitoring of freshness of
milk by an electronic tongue on the basis of voltammetry”, Measurement Science and
Technology 9, (1998) 1937-1946.
42. H. Liden, C.F. Mandenius, L. Gorton, N. Meinander, I. Lundström and F.Winquist,
“On-line monitoring of a cultivation using an electronic nose”, Analytica Chimica Acta
361, (1998) 223-231.
43. F. Winquist, H. Sundgren and I. Lundström, “Electronic Noses for Food Control, in
Biosensors for Food Analysis”, 1998, A.O. Scott ed., The Royal Society of Chemistry,
Athenaeum Press Ltd, UK.
44. A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, P. Mårtensson, and I. Lundström, “Current
status of silicon carbide based high temperature gas sensors”, IEEE Transactions on
Electron Devices, 46, 3 (1999) 561 -566.
45. H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, and A.
Lloyd Spetz, “Influence of catalytic reactivity on the response of metal-oxide-silicon
carbide sensors to exhaust gases”, Sensors and Actuators B, 57 (1999) 159-165.
46. P. Tobias, A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Mårtensson, A. Baranzahi, A. Göras, and I. Lundström,
“Moving gas outlets for the evaluation of fast gas sensors”, Sensors and Actuators B, 58,
1-3 (1999) 389-393.
47. Schmeisser, O. Böhme, A. Yfantis, T. Heller, D. R. Batchelor, I. Lundström, and A.
Lloyd Spetz, “Dipole moment of nanoparticles at interfaces”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, 2
(1999) 380-383.
48. L. Unéus, P. Tobias, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Schottky
Diodes with Thin Catalytic Gate Metals for Potential Use as Ammonia Sensors for
Exhaust Gases”, Sensors and Materials, 11, 5, (1999) 305-318.
49. C.F. Mandenius, H. Lidén, T. Eklöv, M. T. Taherzadeh, and G. Lidén, “Predicting
fermentability of wood hydrolyzates with responses from electronic noses”, Biotechnol.
Prog. 15, (1999) 617-621.
50. C.F. Mandenius, Review: “Electronic noses for bioreactor monitoring.”, Adv. Biochem.
Eng. Biotechnol. vol 66 (Ed. T. Scheper), (1999) 65-82.
51. E. Hedborg, F. Winquist H. Sundgren and I. Lundström, “Charge migration on silicon
dioxide related to its wettability”, Thin Solid Film 340, 1-2, (1999) 250-256.
52. F. Winquist, P. Wide T. Eklöv C. Hjort and I. Lundström “ Crispbread quality
estimation based on fusion of information from the sensor analogies to the human
olfactory, auditory and tactile senses”, Journal of Food Process Engineering (1999) 337358.
53. F. Winquist, P. Wide and I.Lundström, “The combination of an electronic tongue and an
electronic nose”, Sensors and Actuators B58, (1999) 512-517.
54. N. Paulsson and F. Winquist, “Analysis of breath alcohol with a multi sensor array –
instrumental setup, characterization and evaluation”, Forensic Science International, 105
(2) (1999) 95-114.
41
55. K.M. Hansson, T. Platou Vikinge, P. M. Rånby, P. Tengvall, I. Lundström, K. Johansen,
and T.L. Lindahl, ”Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Analysis of Coagulation in
Whole Blood with Application in the Prothrombin Time Assay”, Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, 14 (8-9), 671 - 682 (1999).
56. T. Eklöv and I. Lundström, “Distributed sensor systems for quantification of individual
components in a multiple gas mixture”, Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 3544-3550.
57. M. Löfdahl, M. Eriksson, I. Lundström, ”Chemical images”, Sensors and Actuators B 70
(2000) 77-82.
58. M. Pardo, G. Niederjaufner, G Benussi, E. Comini, G. Faglia, G. Sberveglieri, M.
Holmberg, and I. Lundstrom, “Signal Processing Enhances the Classification of
Different Brands of Espresso Coffee with an Electronic Nose”, Sensors and Actuators B
2000; 69: 397–403
59. P. Tobias, P. Rask, A. Göras, I. Lundström, P. Salomonsson, and A. Lloyd Spetz,
“Platinum – Insulator – Silicon Carbide Structures as Small and Fast Sensors for
Exhaust Gases”, Sensoren und Messysteme 2000, VDI Berichte 1530, ISBN 3-18091530-7, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, March 13-14, (2000) 179-190.
60. S. Savage, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Silicon Carbide High Temperature Gas Sensors”,
Compound Semiconductor, 6, 3 (2000) 76-79.
61. N. Paulsson, E. Larsson and F. Winquist, “Extraction and selection of parameters for
evaluation of breath alcohol measurement with an electronic nose”, Sensors and
Actuators A, 84 (3) (2000) 187-197.
62. H.Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, and A.
Lloyd Spetz, High temperature gas sensors based on catalytic metal field effect
transistors, Mat. Sci. Forum, 338-342 (2000) 1435-1438.
63. T. Bachinger, U. Riese, R. Eriksson, and C.F. Mandenius, “Monitoring process states in
a production scale CHO cell cultivation using a chemical multisensor array”, J.
Biotechnol. 76, (2000) 61-71.
64. T. Bachinger, U. Riese, R. Eriksson, and C.F. Mandenius, “Electronic nose for
estimation of product concentration in mammalian cell cultivation”,. Bioprocess and
Biosystems Engineering, 23 (6) (2000) 637-642.
65. T. Bachinger and C.F. Mandenius, “Searching for process information in the aroma of
cell cultures”, Trends in Biotechnology,18 (12)(2000) 494-500.
66. L. Åbom, "Processing and characterization of thin film field effect gas sensors",
Linköping studies in science and technology, Licentiate thesis no. 836, 2000
67. F. Winquist, S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker, P.Wide and I.Lundström, “A hybride
electronic tongue”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 406 (2000) 147-157.
68. F. Winquist. “The Linköping electronic nose – A short review”, Lipid Forum, 59 (2000)
23-30.
69. T. Platou Vikinge, K.M. Hansson, J. Benesch, K. Johansen, M. Rånby, T.L. Lindahl, B.
Liedberg, I. Lundstöm, and P. Tengvall “Blood Plasma Coagulation Studied by Surface
Plasmon Resonance” Journal of Biomedical Optics (2000) 5, 51-55
70. T. Platou Vikinge, K. M. Hansson, P. Sandström, B. Liedberg, T. L. Lindahl, I.
Lundström, P. Tengvall and F. Höök, “Comparison of surface plasmon resonance and
quartz crystal microbalance in the study of whole blood and plasma coagulation”,
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 15 (11-12) (2000) 605-613.
71. J. Olsson, T. Börjesson, T. Lundstedt and J. Schnürer “Volatiles for mycological quality
grading of barley grains: determinations using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
and electronic nose”, International Journal of Food Microbiology 59 (3) (2000) 167-178.
72. L. Unéus, P. M.Mattsson, P. Ljung, R. Wigren, P. Mårtensson, L. G. Ekedahl, I.
Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz, Monitoring of Hot Flue Gases by an E- Nose Equipped
with SiC Based Sensors and Metal Oxide Sensors, Electronic Noses and Olfaction
2000,eds. J.W. Gardner, and K.C. Persaud, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2000, pp.
291-296.
42
73. T. Artursson, T. Eklöv, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, M. Sjöström, and M. Holmberg,
“Drift Correction for Gas Sensors using Multivariate Methods”, Journal of
Chemometrics 14 (5-6) (2000) 711-724.
74. H. Lidén, T. Bachinger, L. Gorton, and C. F. Mandenius, “On-line estimation of state
variables in Saccharomyces cerevisiae batch cultivations using a chemical multisensor
array”, The Analyst, (2000) 125, 1123-1128.
75. A. Lloyd Spetz, L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, L.-G. Ekedahl, O. Larsson, A.
Göras, S. Savage, C. Harris, P. Mårtensson, R. Wigren, P. Salomonsson, B. Häggendahl,
P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, and I. Lundström: “SiC based Field Effect Gas Sensors for
Industrial Applications”, physica status solidi (a), 185, 1, (2001) 15.
76. A.Lloyd Spetz, P. Tobias, L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, L.-G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström,
High temperature catalytic metal field effect transistors for industrial applications,
Sensors and Actutators B, 70 (2000) 67-76.
77. O. Böhme, A. Lloyd Spetz, I. Lundström, D. Schmeisser: “Nanoparticles as the active
element of high temperature Metal – Insulator – Silicon Carbide gas sensors”, Adv.
Mater., 13, 8, (2001) 597.
78. H. Svenningstorp, B. Widén, P. Salomonsson, L.-G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström, P. Tobias,
and A. Lloyd Spetz: “Detection of HC in exhaust gases by an array of MISiC sensors”,
Sensors and Actuators B, 77, 177 (2001).
79. M. Löfdahl, C. Utaiwasin, A. Carlsson, I. Lundström and M. Eriksson, “Gas response
dependence on gate metal morphology of field-effect devices”, Sensors and Actuators B,
80, 183-192 (2001).
80. Scharnagl, M. Eriksson, A. Karthigeyan, M.Burgmair, M. Zimmer and I. Eisele,
“Hydrogen detection at high concentrations with stabilised palladium”, Sensors and
Actuators B, 78, (1-3), 138 (2001).
81. T. Bachinger, C-F Mandenius, G. Striedner, F. Clementschitsch, E. Dürrschmid, M.
Cserjan-Puschmann, O. Doblhoff-Dier, K. Bayer, "Non-invasive detection of the
metabolic burden on recombinant microorganisms during fermentation processes", J.
Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 76 (8) (2001), 885-889
82. D. Briand, B. van der Schoot, N. F. de Rooij, H. Sundgren, I. Lundström, ”Thermally
isolated MOSFET for gas sensing application”, IEEE Electron. Device Letter, 22(1), 11,
(2001).
83. C. Krantz-Rülcker, M. Stenberg, F. Winquist, I. Lundström, ”Electronic tongues for
environmental monitoring based on sensor arrays and pattern recognition: a review”,
Analytica Chimica Acta, 426 (2001) 215-224.
84. T. Bachinger, CF. Mandenius, “Physiologically motivated monitoring of fermentation
processes by means of an electronic nose”, Chem. Eng. Technol., 24 (7), 33 (2001).
85. P. Ivarsson, S. Holmin, N.-E. Höjer, C. Krantz-Rülcker, and F. Winquist,
“Discrimination of tea by means of a voltammetric electronic tongue and different
applied waveforms”, Sens. Act. B, 76, (2001), 449-454
86. S. Holmin, P. Spångéus, C. Krantz-Rülcker, and F. Winquist, “Compression of
Electronic Tongue Data- A Comparative Study”, Sens. Act. B 76 454 (2001).
87. S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker, I. Lundström, and F. Winquist, “Drift Correction of
Electronic Tongue Responses”, Meas. Sci. & Technol. 12 1348 (2001).
88. Carlsson, C. Krantz-Rülcker, F. Winquist, “An electronic tongue as a tool for wet-end
control”, Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 16 (4) 319-326 (2001).
89. P. Ivarsson, Y. Kikkawa, F. Winquist, C. Krantz-Rülcker, N-E. Höjer, K. Hayashi, K.
Toko, I. Lundström, ”Comparison of a voltammetric electronic tongue and a lipid
membrane tatse sensor”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 49 (1-2) (2001) 59-68.
90. M. Andersson, M. Holmberg, I. Lundström, A. Lloyd-Spetz, P. Mårtensson, R. Paolesse,
C. Di Natale, and A. D’Amico, “Development of a ChemFET sensor with molecular
films of porphyrins as sensitive layer”, Sensors & Actuators B 77 (2001) 567–571.
91. F. Davide, M. Holmberg, and I. Lundström, Virtual olfactory interfaces: electronic noses
and olfactory displays, in “Communications Through Virtual Technologies: Identity,
43
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
Community and Technology in the Communication Age”, ed. G. Riva and F. Davide,
IOS PRESS, Amsterdam, 2001.
A. E. Åbom, E. Comini, G. Sberveglieri, L. Hultman and M. Eriksson, "Thin oxide films
as surface modifiers of MIS field effect gas sensors", Sensors and Actuators B 85 (1-2)
(2002) 109-119
A. E. Åbom, L. Hultman and M. Eriksson, "Properties of combined TiN and Pt thin
films applied to gas sensing", J. Vac. Sci. Techn. A 20(3) (2002) 667-673
A. E. Åbom, P. Persson, L. Hultman and M. Eriksson, "Influence of gate metal growth
parameters on the properties of gas sensitive field-effect devices", Thin Solid Films 409
(2002) 233-242
S. Nakagomi, H. Shinobu, L. Unéus, L.-G. Ekedahl, R. Yakimova, M. Syväjärvi, A.
Henry, I. Lundström, E. Janzén, and A. Lloyd Spetz, Influence of epitaxial layer on SiC
Schottky diode gas sensors operated in high temperature conditions, ICSCRM2001,
Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 28- Nov. 2, 2001, Material Science Forum, 389-393 (2002) 14231426.
L. Unéus, S. Nakagomi, M. Linnarsson, M. Jansson, B. Svensson, R. Yakimova, M.
Syväjärvi, A. Henry, E. Janzén, L.-G Ekedahl, I. Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz, The
effect of hydrogen diffusion in p- and n-type SiC Schottky diodes at high temperatures,
ICSCRM2001, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 28- Nov. 2, 2001, Material Science Forum, 389393 (2002) 1419-1422.
A. Lloyd Spetz, L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, L.-G. Ekedahl,. Harris, P.
Mårtensson, R. Wigren, P. Salomonsson, J. Visser, P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, I.
Lundström, and S. Savage, MISiCFET chemical gas sensors for high temperature and
corrosive environment applications ICSCRM2001, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 28- Nov. 2,
2001, Material Science Forum, 389-393 (2002) 1415-1418.
O. Larsson, A. Göras, J. Nytomt, C. Carlsson, A. Lloyd Spetz, T. Artursson, M.
Holmberg, I.Lundström, L.-G. Ekedahl, and P. Tobias, Estimation of air fuel ratio of
individual cylinders in SI engines by means of MISiC sensor signals in a linear
regression model, SAE2002, Detroit, USA, March 4-7, 2002, SAE Technical Paper
Series, 2002-01-0847.
T. Artursson, P. Spångeus, and M. Holmberg, Variable reduction on electronic tongue
data, Analytica Chimica Acta, 452, 2 (2002) p.255-264.
F. Davide, M. Andersson, M. Holmberg, and I. Lundström, Chaotic Chemical Sensing,
IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 2, 6 (2002) p. 656-662.
T. Artursson and M. Holmberg, Wavelet transform of electronic tongue data, Sensors &
Actuators B, 87 (2002) p. 379-391.
M. Holmberg and T. Artursson, Drift compensation, standards, and calibration methods,
in “Handbook for Electronic Noses“, ed. T. Pearce, and J. Gardner, 2002.
D. Filippini and I. Lundström, “Hydrogen detection on bare SiO2 between metal gates”
Journal of Appl. Phys. 91, 3896 (2002).
J. Olsson, T. Börjesson, T. Lundstedt, and J. Schnurer, “Detection and quantification of
ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol in barley grains by GC/MS and electronic nose”, Int. J.
Food Microbiol., 72 (3), 203 (2002).
S. Holmin, F. Björefors, M. Eriksson, C. Krantz-Rülcker, F. Winquist. Investigation of
New Electrode Materials as Sensors in a Voltammetric Electronic Tongue.
Electroanalysis 14 (12) (2002) 839-847.
Mikael Löfdahl, Mats Eriksson, Martin Johansson and Ingemar Lundström, Difference
in Hydrogen Sensitivity Between Pt and Pd Field-effect Devices. J. Appl. Phys. 91(7)
(2002) 4275-4280.
S.Nakagomi, A. Lloyd Spetz, I. Lundström and P. Tobias, Electrical characterization of
carbon monoxide sensitive high temperature sensor diode based on catalytic metal gateinsulator-silicon carbide structure, IEEE Sensors Journal, 2, 5 (2002) 379-386.
T. Bachinger, U. Riese, R.K. Eriksson and C.F. Mandenius, “Gas sensor arrays for early
detection of infection in mammalian cell culture”, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 17(5)
(2002) 395-403.
44
109. K. M. Hansson, P. Tengvall, I. Lundström, M. Rånby, and T. L. Lindahl, “Comparative
studies with surface plasmon resonance and free oscillation rheometry on the inhibition
of platelets with cytochalasin E and monoclonal antibodies towards GPIIb/IIIa.”,
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 17 (9) ( 2002) 761-771.
110. K. M. Hansson, P. Tengvall, I. Lundström, M. Rånby, and T. L. Lindahl,“Surface
plasmon resonance and free oscillation rheometry in combination: A new approach for
studies on haemostasis and biomaterials.” , Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 17(9) (2002)
747-759.
111. F. Winquist, E. Rydberg, S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker and I. Lundström"Flow
injection analysis applied to a voltammetric electronic tongue", Analytica Chimica Acta
471 (2002) 159-172.
112. F. Winquist, C. Krantz-Rülcker and I. Lundström "Electronic tongues and combination
of artificial senses", in Handbook of Machine Olfaction, T. Pierce and J. Gardner ed.
2002
113. F. Winquist, C. Krantz-Rülcker and I. Lundström "Electronic tongues and combination
of artificial senses", Sensors Update, 2002
114. S. Holmin, F. Björefors, M. Eriksson C. Krantz-Rülcker and F. Winquist ”Investigations
of new electrode materials as sensors in a voltammetric electronic tongue”
Electroanalysis 14 (2002) 839 – 847.
115. C. Söderström, H. Boren, F. Winquist and C. Krantz-Rülcker ”Use of an electronic
tongue to analyze mold growth in liquid media” International Journal of Food
Microbiology, 2002
116. C. Söderström, H. Boren and C. Krantz-Rülcker ”Use of an electronic tongue and HPLC
with electrochemical detection to investigate production of redox-active substances as a
means of differentiating molds growing in different culture media. ” International
Journal of Food Microbiology, 2002
117. C. Söderström, F. Winquist and C. Krantz-Rülcker ”Diffrentiation of six microbial
species with an electronic tongue” Sensors and Actuators B, 89 (2002) 248 – 255.
118. E. Åbom, E. Comini, G. Sberveglieri, N. Finnegan, I. Petrov, L. Hultman and M.
Eriksson, "Experimental evidence for a dissociation mechanism in NH3 detection with
MIS field-effect devices", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 89 (1-2) (2003) 1-8
119. A. E. Åbom, R. T. Haasch, N. Hellgren, N. Finnegan, L. Hultman and M. Eriksson,
"Characterization of the metal-insulator interface of field-effect chemical sensors", J.
Appl. Phys., 93 (12) (2003) 9760-9768
120. H. Wingbrant, I. Lundström, A. Lloyd Spetz, The speed of response of MISiCFET
devices, Sensors and Actuators B, 93 (2003) 286-294.
121. H. Wingbrant, H. Svenningstorp, P. Salomonsson, P. Tengström, I. Lundström, and A.
Lloyd Spetz, Using a MISiCFET device as a cols start sensor, Sensors and Actuators B,
93 (2003) 295-303.
122. H. Wingbrant, L. Unéus, M. Andersson, J. Cerdà, S. Savage, H. Svenningstorp, P.
Salomonsson,P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, J. H. Visser, D. Kubinski, R. Soltis, S.G. Ejakov,
D. Moldin, M. Löfdahl, M. Einehag, M. Persson, and A. Lloyd Spetz, MISiCFET
chemical sensors for applications in exhaust gases and flue gases, Material Science
Forum, 433-436 (2003) 953-956.
123. J. Cerdà, J.R. Morante and A. Lloyd Spetz, New tunnel Schottky SiC devices using
mixed conduction ceramics, Materials Science Forum, 433-436, (2003) 949-952.
124. A.Lloyd Spetz and S. Savage, Advances in FET chemical gas sensors, in Recent Major
Advances in SiC, Eds. W.J. Choyke, H. Matsunami and G. Pensl, Springer, Berlin, pp.
879-906, 2003.
125. O. Weidemann, M. Hermann, G. Steinhoff, H. Wingbrant, A. Lloyd Spetz, M.
Stutzmann, and M. Eickhoff, The influence of surface oxides on hydrogen-sensitive
Pd:GaN Schottky diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 4 (2003) 773-775
126. H. Wingbrant and A. Lloyd Spetz, Dependence of Pt Gate Restructuring on the Linearity
of SiC Field Effect Transistor Lambda Sensors, Sensor Letters, 1 (December 2003) 2024. Inauguration issue.M. Holmberg, M. Eriksson, C. Krantz-Rülcker, T. Artursson, F.
45
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
Winquist, A. Lloyd-Spetz, and I. Lundström: ”2nd Workshop of the Second Network on
Artificial Olfactory Sensing (NOSE II)”, Sensors and Actuators B 101 (2004) 213.
M. Wallin, H. Grönbeck, A. Lloyd Spetz and M. Skoglundh: “Vibrational study of
ammonia adsorption on Pt/SiO2”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 235 (4) (2004) 487.
M. Andersson, P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz: “Investigations on
the possibilities of a MISiCFET sensor system for OBD and combustion control
utilizing different catalytic gate materials”, Topics in Catalysis, 30 / 31, 365 (2004).
M. Jansson, M. K. Linnarsson, A. Hallen, B. G. Svensson, N. Achtziger, L. Unéus, A.
Lloyd Spetz, and U. Forsberg: “Hydrogen in the Wide Bandgap semiconductor silicon
Carbide”, Physica Scripta, T108, 99 (2004).
F. Winquist, C. Krantz-Rülcker, and I. Lundström: ”Electronic tongues”, MRS Bulletin
29 (10), 726 (2004).
Y. Zhou, O. Andersson, P. Lindberg, and B. Liedberg: “Reversible Hydrophobic
Barriers Introduced by Microcontact Printing: Application to Protein Microarrays”,
Microchimica Acta, 146, 193 (2004).
Y. Zhou, O. Andersson, P. Lindberg, and B. Liedberg: “Protein Microarrays on
Carboxy-methylated Dextran Hydrogels: Immobilization, Characterization and
Application”, Microchimica Acta, 147, 21 (2004).
Y. Zhou, R. Valiokas, and B. Liedberg: “Structural Characterization of Microcontact
Printed Arrays of Hexa(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Alkanethiols on Gold”, Langmuir,
20, 6206 (2004).
S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker and F. Winquist “Multivariate optimisation of
electrochemically pre-treated electrodes used in a voltammetric electronic tongue”
Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 519, Issue 1, 9 August 2004, Pages 39
M. Eriksson , A. Salomonsson , I. Lundström, D. Briand and A. E. Åbom, "The
influence of the insulator surface properties on the hydrogen response of field-effect gas
sensors", J. Appl. Phys., 98 (3) (2005) 034903/1
A. Salomonsson , M. Eriksson and H. Dannetun, "Hydrogen Interaction with Platinum
and Palladium Metal Insulator Semiconductor devices", J. Appl. Phys., 98 (1) (2005)
014505/1
R. Klingvall , I. Lundström, M. Löfdahl and M. Eriksson, "A combinatorial approach for
field-effect gas sensor research and development", IEEE Sensors Journal, 5 (5) (2005)
995
M. Wallin, H. Gronbeck, A. L. Spetz, M. Eriksson and M. Skoglundh, "Vibrational
Analysis of H2 and D2 Adsorption on Pt/SiO2", J. Phys. Chem. B. 109 (19) (2005)
9581.
Ivarsson P, Krantz-Rülcher C, Winquist F, Lundström I., "A voltammetric electronic
tongue", Chemical senses 2005;30, 258.
S. Nakagomi, A. Fukumura, Y. Kokubun, S. Savage, H. Wingbrant, M. Andersson, I.
Lundström, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Influence of gate bias of MISiC-FET gas
sensor device on the sensing properties", Sensors and Actuators B, 108 (2005) 501.
Nakagomi S, Wingqvist G, Åbom E, Helmersson U, Lloyd-Spets A. "Hydrogen sensing
by NKN thin film with high dielectric constant and ferroelectric property", Sensors and
actuators. B, Chemical, 108 (2005) 490.
Petersson H, Holmberg M. "Initial studies on the possibility to use chemical sensors to
monitor and control boilers", Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, 2005;111-112, 487.
A. Salomonsson, S. Roy, C. Aulin , J. Cerdà , P.-O. Käll , L. Ojamäe , M. Strand, M.
Sanati, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Nanoparticles for long term stable, more selective MISiCFET
gas sensors", Sensors and Actuators B, 107 (2005) 831.
Söderström C, Rudnitskaya A, Legin A, Krantz-Rülcher C., "Differentiation of four
Aspergillus species and one Zygosaccharomyces with two electronic tongues based on
different measurement techniques. Journal of biotechnology 2005;119, 300.
Söderström C, Borén H, Krantz-Rülcher C. "Use of an electronic tongue and HPLC with
electrochemical detection to differentiate molds in culture media", International journal
of food microbiology 2005;97, 247.
46
146. Unéus L, Artursson T, Mattsson M, Ljung P, Wigren R, Mårtensson P, Holmberg M et
al., "Evaluation of on-line flue gas measurements by MISiCFET and metal.oxide sensors
in boilers", IEEE sensors journal 5 (1) (2005) 75.
147. H. Wingbrant, H. Svenningstorp, P. Salomonsson, D. Kubinski, J. H. Visser, M.
Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Using a MISiC-FET sensor for detecting NH3 in SCR
systems", IEEE Sensors Journal, 5, 5 (2005) 1099.
148. S.-K. Lee, Eun-K. Suh, N.-K. Cho, H.-D. Park, L. Unéus and A. Lloyd Spetz,
"Comparison study of ohmic contacts to 4H-silicon carbide in oxidizing ambient for
harsh environment gas sensor applications", Solid-State Electronics 49 (2005) 1297.
149. H. Wingbrant, M. Lundén, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Modifications of the Gate Material to
Increase the Long-Term Stability of Field Effect Transistor Lambda Sensors", Sensor
Letters, 3 (2005) 225.
150. Carlsson, J; Mecklenburg, M; Lundstrom, I; Danielsson, B; Winquist, F, "Investigation
of sera from various species by using lectin affinity arrays and scanning ellipsometry",
Anal. Chim. Acta, 530 (2) (2005) 167.
151. Ivarsson, P; Johansson, M; Hojer, NE; Krantz-Rulcker, C; Winquist, F; Lundstrom, I,
"Supervision of rinses in a washing machine by a voltammetric electronic tongue",
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 108 (1-2) (2005) 851.
152. Carlsson, J; Winquist, F; Danielsson, B; Lundstrom, I, "Biosensor discrimination of
meat juice from various animals using a lectin panel and ellipsometry", Anal. Chim.
Acta, 547 (2) (2005) 229.
153. Winquist, F; Bjorklund, R; Krantz-Rulcker, C; Lundstrom, I; Ostergren, K; Skoglund, T,
"An electronic tongue in the dairy industry", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 111
(2005) 299.
154. I. Belov, H. Wingbrant, A. Lloyd Spetz, H. Sundgren, B. Thunér, H. Svenningstorp, P.
Leisner, "CDF analysis of packaging and mounting solutions for SiC-based gas sensors
in automotive applications", Sensor Letters, 4 (2006) 29.
155. H. Wingbrant, M. Persson, A. E. Åbom, M. Eriksson, B. Andersson, S. Simko, D. J.
Kubinski, J. H. Visser, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Cosputtered metal and SiO2 layers for use in
thick-film MISiC NH3 sensors", IEEE Sensors J., 6, 4 (2006) 887.
156. S. Roy, A. Salomonsson, A. Lloyd Spetz, C. Aulin, P-O. Käll, L. Ojamae, M. Strand, M.
Sanati, "Metal oxide nanoparticles as novel materials for field-effect gas sensors",
Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 21 (3) (2006) 275.
157. A. Salomonsson, R. M. Petoral Jr., K. Uvdal, C. Aulin, P.-O. Käll, L. Ojamäe, M.
Strand, M. Sanati, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Nanocrystalline Ruthenium oxide and Ruthenium in
sensing applications -an experimental and theoretical study", J. Nanoparticle Research
(2006) 1.
158. A Lloyd Spetz, S. Nakagomi, H. Wingbrant, M. Andersson, A. Salomonsson, S. Roy, G.
Wingqvist, I. Katardjiev, M. Eickhoff, K. Uvdal, R. Yakimova, "New Materials for
Chemical and Biosensors", Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 21 (2006) 253-256.
159. Lloyd-Spets A, and Wingbrant H., "The influence of catalytic activity on the phase
transition governed binary switch point of MISiC-FET lambda sensors", Appl. Surf. Sci.
252 (2006) 7473.
160. Lloyd-Spets A, Fawcett T, Wolan J, Reyes M, Saddow S., "Thermal detection
mechanism of SiC based hydrogen resistive gas sensors", Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 (2006) 1.
161. Olsson J, Winquist F, Lundström I., "A self polishing electronic tongue", Sensors and
actuators. B, Chemical, 118 (2006) 461.
162. Gutes, A; Cespedes, F; del Valle, M; Louthander, D; Krantz-Rulcker, C; Winquist, F,
"A flow injection voltammetric electronic tongue applied to paper mill industrial
waters", e: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, 115 (1) (2006) 390.
163. Larsson, A., Angbrant, J., Ekeroth, J., Månsson, P., Liedberg, B., " novel biochip
technology for detection of explosives-TNT: Synthesis, characterization and
application", Sensors &Actuators B. 113, 730 (2006).
47
164. Klenkar, G., Valiokas, R., Lundström, I., Tinazli, A., Tampé, R., Piehler, J. and
Liedberg, B., "Piezo dispensed Microarray of multivalent chelating thiols for dissecting
complex protein-protein interactions", Anal. Chem. 78, 3643 (2006).
165. Valiokas, R., Klenkar, G., Tinazli, A., Tampé, R., Liedberg, B. and Piehler, J.,
"Differential protein assembly on micropatterned surfaces with tailored molecular and
surface multivalency", ChemBioChem",7, 1325 (2006).
Conference contributions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
I. Lundström, “Chemical sensors with catalytic metal gates”, 42nd National symposium
of American Vacuum Society, Oct. 16-20, 1995, Minneapolis, USA.
I. Lundström, “Gas sensing with field effect devices”, Seminar on progress on
biomemetic sensor technology, Japan society of applied physics, Nov. 16, 1995, Tokyo
Japan.
I. Lundström, “Field effect devices as gas sensors”, 18th Electrical engineering
conference, Nov. 22-24, 1995, Pattaya, Thailand.
J. Ohlsson, T. Börjesson and J. Schnürer, “Penicillium identification using an electronic
nose”, 2nd International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose, Oct. 2-3, 1995,
Toulouse, France.
T. Börjesson and J. Ohlsson, “Recognition of common bunt in wheat with an electronic
nose”, 2nd International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose, Oct. 2-3, 1995,
Toulouse, France.
P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Mårtensson and I. Lundström, ”Some
observations on gas sensitive metal oxide silicon carbide devices at high temperatures”,
17th Nordic Semiconducting meeting, June 17 – 20, 1996, Trondheim, Norway.
J. Mitrovics, F. Davide, A. Lloyd Spetz, T. Ringvall, G. Hamrefors, D. Sauter, P.
Mårtensson, C. DiNatale, U. Weimar, A. D´Amico, I. Lundström, and W. Göpel,
“Dynamical analysis of process gases in a PFBC-plant with a hybrid sensor-array”,
IMCS´96: The 6:th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 22-25, 1996,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
I. Lundström, “Approaches and mechanisms to solid state based sensing”, 6th
International meeting on chemical sensors, July 22-25, 1996, Gaithersburg, Maryland,
USA.
A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Salomonsson, B. Häggendal, P. Mårtensson and I.
Lundström, ”Response of metal-oxide-silicon carbide sensors ti simulated exhaust
gases”, Proc. of Eurosensors X, Sept. 8-11, 1996, vol 4, Leuven, Belgium.
P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, A. Lloyd Spetz, P. Mårtensson and I. Lundström, ”Platinum
metal-insulator-silicon carbide devices operation up to 1000oC”, 1st European
conference on silicon carbide and related materials, Oct. 6-9, 1996, Crete, Greece.
T. Börjesson, “Detection of off-odours in grain using an electronic nose”, 3rd
International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose, Nov. 3-11, 1996, Miami,
USA.
J. Ohlsson, T. Börjesson and J. Schnürer, “Identification of mould genera using an
electron nose”, International union of microbiological societies congresses ’96:
International congress of mycological division, Aug. 18-23, 1996, Jerusalem, Israel.
C-F. Mandenius, I. Lundström and T. Bachinger, “Experiences of Multisensor arrays for
bioreactor monitoring”, 1st European symposium on biochemical engineering, Sept. 1921, 1997, Dublin, Ireland.
48
14. T. Bachinger and C-F. Mandenius, “Bioreactor monitoring using an electronic nose, “1st
International symposium on Biochemical Engineering Science, Sept. 1997, Sollentuna,
Sweden.
15. B-I. Ljungberg Willing, “Sensory analysis vs. electronic sensors, a comparicy using
multivariate analysis”, 3rd International symposium on olfaction and electronic nose,
Nov. 3-11, 1996, Miami, USA.
16. C.F. Mandenius, T. Bachinger and I. Lundström, “Multisensor arrays for bioreactor
monitoring”, Biochemical Engineering X, Engineering Foundation, May 18-23, 1997,
Kananskis, Canada.
17. Lundström “Some physical model studies of biomaterials”, International conference on
new biomedical materials, May 25-28, 1997, Portonovo, Italy.
18. Brundin and B-I. Ljungberg Willing, “Die elektronische nase, ein geenetes instrument
zur sensorische prufung von dedruckten verpackungen?”, Verpackungs rundschaft, June
1997, Germany.
19. P.Wide, F. Winquist and A. Lauber “The perceiving sensory estimated in an artificial
human estimation based sensor system” Proceedings from IEEE Instrumentation and
Measurement Technology Conference, 1997. Ottawa, Canada.
20. Lundström, “Distributed chemical sensing”, 1st Gordon Research conference on
“chemical sensors and interfacial design”, 28 July –1 August, 1997, New Lond, New
Hampshire, UK.
21. T. Bachinger and C.F. Mandenius, “Bioreactor monitoring using an electronic nose”,
Symposium Processanaltyisk kemi, Sv Kemistsamfundet, Sept. 25-26 1997, Sollentuna,
Sweden
22. T. Bachinger and C.F. Mandenius, “Bioreactor monitoring using an electronic nose”, 4th
International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Noses, Oct. 6-7, 1997, Nice,
France
23. T. Bachinger. P. Mårtensson and C.F. Mandenius, “Multisensor array for on-line
monitoring of recombinant fermentation processes using artificial neural networks and
principal component analysis”, 8th European Congress on Biotechnology, Aug. 17-21,
1997, Budapest, Hungary.
24. T. Eklöv, P. Mårtensson and I. Lundström, ”Optimizing the information content in
parameters extracted from gas sensor response curves”, 1997 Joint International Meeting
of the Electrochemical Society and the International Society of Electrochemistry, 31
August – 5 September, 1997, Paris, France.
25. Baranzahi, A Lloyd Spetz, P. Mårtensson, P. Tobias, L-G. Ekedahl and I. Lundström,
“Kinetic phase transitions and chemical sensors with catalytic metal gates”, 1997 Joint
International Meeting of the Electrochemical Society and the International Society of
Electrochemistry, 31 August – 5 September, 1997, Paris, France.
26. P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson and A. Lloyd Spetz, ”Electrical
characterization of chemical sensors based on catalytic metal gate-silicon carbide
Schottky diodes”, ICSCII ’97, 31 August – 5 September, Stockholm, Sweden.
27. P. Tobias, A. Baranzahi, I. Lundström, A. Schöner, K. Rottner, S. Karlsson, P.
Mårtensson and A. Lloyd Spetz, ”Studies of the ambient dependent inversion
capacitance of catalytic metal-oxide-silicon carbide devices based on 6H and 4H SiC
material”, ICSCII ’97, 31 August – 5 September, 1997, Stockholm, Sweden.
28. P. Tobias, L. Åbom, A. Baranzahi, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström and A. Lloyd Spetz,
”Response of metal-insulator-silicon carbide sensors to different components in exhaust
gases”, Eurosensors XI, Sept. 21-24, 1997, Warsaw, Poland.
29. Baranzahi, P. Tobias, A Lloyd Spetz, I. Lundström, M. Glavmo, A. Göras, J. Nytomt, P.
Salomonsson, H. Larsson and P. Mårtensson, ”Fast responding air/fuel sensor for
individual cylinder combustion monitoring”, 1997 SAE Int. Fall Fuels Lubricants
Meeting & Exposition, Oct. 13- 16, 1997, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
30. Brundin, “Principal component analysis as a tool to estimate the quality of fibers for
food packaging”, 1st Conference on chemometrics, Oct. 17 – 23, 1997, Zhanggjiajie,
China.
49
31. Lundström, “Principles of chemical sensor devices”, International conference on recent
trends in sensor development for monitoring environmental quality, Dec. 29-31, 1997,
Kharagpur, India.
Analytica Conference 98, April 21-24, 1998, München, Germany.
33. Lloyd Spetz, P. Tobias, P. Mårtensson, and I. Lundström, “Silicon carbide based
chemical sensors”, CIMTEC´98, June 15-19, 1998, Florence, Italy.
34. Lloyd Spetz, P. Tobias, R. Zhu, P. Mårtensson, and I. Lundström, “Temperature sensors
based on SiC pn-junction diodes”, ECSCRM´98, Sept. 2-4, 1998, Montpellier, France.
35. P. Tobias, L. Unéus, L. Salomonsson, P. Mårtensson, I. Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz,
“SiC Schottky diodes with catalytic gate metals used as gas sensors for exhaust gases”,
ECSCRM´98, Sept. 2-4, 1998, Montpellier, France.
36. T.Bachinger and C.F. Mandenius, “Bioreactor monitoring using an electronic nose”,
Second European Symposium on Biochemical Engineering Science, Sept. 16-19, 1998,
Porto, Portugal.
37. F. Winquist, “ The electronic nose – Some reflections”, Proceedings to the symposia
Electronic Noses in the Food Industry, 1998, Stockholm.
38. P.Wide, F. Winquist, P. Bergsten and P. Petriu, “The human-based multisensor fusion
method for artificial nose and tongue sensor data”, IEEE Instrumentation and
Measurement Technology Conference, 1998, St Paul, Minnesota, USA.
39. F. Winquist, P. Wide and I. Lundström, “The combination of an electronic tongue and
an electronic nose for improved classification of fruitjuices”, Eurosensors XXII, 1998.
Southampton, UK.
International Symposium on Automatic control of food and biological processes”, Sept.
2-23, 1998, Göteborg, Sweden.
41. Krantz-Rülcker, F. Winquist, H. Johnsson, P. Wide and I. Lundström, “Detektion av
mikrobiell aktivitet i mjölk och mäld m h a en elektronisk tunga (Detection of microbial
activity in milk and white water by using an electronic tongue)”, Livsmedel 98, Oct. 1314, 1998, Göteborg, Sweden.
42. F. Winquist and P. Wide, “Krispighet och munkänsla (Crispiness and mouth feeling)”,
Livsmedel 98, Oct. 13-14, 1998, Göteborg, Sweden.
43. S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker and F. Winquist, ”Klassifiering av filmjölk med
elektronisk tunga (Classification of fermented milk by an electronic tongue)”, Livsmedel
98, Oct. 13-14, 1998, Göteborg, Sweden.
44. K.M. Hansson, T. Platou Vikinge, P. Tengvall, I. Lundström, M. Rånby, and T.L.
Lindahl, ”Tissue factor induced coagulation of whole blood studied with surface
plasmon resonance”, Sept., 1998, Edinburgh, Scotland.
45. P. Tobias, P. Rask, A. Göras, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz,
“Platinum-insulator-silicon carbide (MISiC) sensors as fast lambda sensors (HEGO)”,
Meeting Abstracts, The 195:th meeting of the Electrochemical Society, May 2-6, 1999,
Seattle, USA.
46. Lloyd Spetz, P. Tobias, L, Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, L-G. Ekedahl, A. Göras, P. Rask,
P. Salomonsson, P. Mårtensson, R. Wigren, P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, and I. Lundström,
”Combustion monitoring field effect gas sensors based on silicon carbide”, Proc.
Transducers´99, June 7-10, 1999, Sendai, Japan.
47. T. Bachinger and C.F. Mandenius, “Bioreactor monitoring using an electronic nose”, 1st
Symposium of EU network of Excellence of Electronic noses, June 1999, Ispra, Italy.
48. S. Nakagomi, M. Nomoto, P. Tobias, P. Mårtensson, I. Lundström and A. Lloyd Spetz,
“Study of CO sensitivity of high temperature field effect sensors based on SiC”, Proc.
Transducers´99, June 7-10, 1999, Sendai, Japan.
49. T. Bachinger and C.F. Mandenius, ”Bioreactor monitoring using an electronic nose”, 9th
European Congress of Biotechnology, July 15-19, 1999, Brussels, Belgium
50
50. L. Unéus, P.Tobias, P. Mårtenssson, R. Wigren, P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, I. Lundström,
L-G. Ekedahl, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Flue gas monitoring with MISiC and MOS
sensors”, Proc. ISOEN´99, Sept. 20-22, 1999, Tübingen, Germany.
51. H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, C. Wijk, I. Lundström, P. Salomonsson, L.-G. Ekedahl,
and A. Lloyd Spetz, “MISiC Schottky Diodes as NOx sensors in simulated exhausts”,
Proc. Eurosensors XIII, Sept. 12-15, 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands.
52. L. Unéus, P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, P. Mårtenssson, R. Wigren, P. Tobias, I. Lundström,
L-G. Ekedahl and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Measurements with MISiC and MOS sensors in flue
gases”, Proc. Eurosensors XIII, Sept. 12-15, 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands.
53. L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, A.M. Saroukhan, S.M. Savage, P. Tobias, I. Lundström, L.G. Ekedahl, A. Konstantinov, C. Harris, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “High temperature TLM
measurements of Ni contacts to SiC for high temperature FET gas sensors”, Proc. of
ICSCRM´99, Oct. 10-15, 1999, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
54. H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, P. Salomonsson, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, and A.
Lloyd Spetz, “High temperature gas sensors based on catalytic metal field effect
transistors”, Proc. of ICSCRM´99, Oct. 10-15, 1999, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
55. S. Zangooie, H. Arwin, I. Lundström and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Ozone Treatment of SiC for
Improved Performance of Gas Sensitive Schottky Diodes”, Proc. of ICSCRM´99, Oct.
10-15, 1999, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
56. M.K. Linnarsson, A. Lloyd Spetz, M.S. Janson, L.G. Ekedahl, S. Karlsson, A. Schöner,
I. Lundström and B.G. Svensson, “Metal-contact enhanced incorporation of deuterium
in 4H- and 6H-SiC”, Proc. of ICSCRM´99, Oct. 10-15, 1999, Research Triangle Park,
NC, USA.
57. T. Artursson, “Drift Correction for Gas Sensors using Multivariate Methods”, Oral
presentation at the 6th Scandinavian Symposium on Chemometrics, August 15-19 1999,
Porsgrunn, Norway.
58. M. Holmberg, “Drift Correction for Chemical Sensors”, Oral presentation at the 1999
SPIE conference on Internal Standardization and Calibration of Chemical Sensors, Sept.
19-22 1999, Boston, USA.
59. T. Artursson, Michael Sjöström, Martin Holmberg, “Drift Counteraction Methods”,
Poster presentation at the conference “The 6th International Symposium Olfaction &
Electronic Nose”, Sept. 20-22 1999, Tübingen, Germany.
60. M. Eriksson, C. Utaiwasin, A. Carlsson and M. Löfdahl, “On the ammonia response of
field-effect devices”, Transducers ’99, June 7-10 1999, Sendai, Japan.
61. M. Eriksson, C. Utaiwasin, A. Carlsson and M. Löfdahl, “On the ammonia response of
field-effect devices”, Eurosensors XIII, Sept. 12-15, 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands.
62. M. Löfdahl, A. Carlsson, M. Eriksson, I. Lundström, “Investigation of the Correlation
between Gas Response and Catalytic Activity of Palladium Field-Effect Structures”,
Eurosensors XIII, 12-15 Sept., 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands.
63. L. Åbom, P. Sandström, L. Hultman, M. Eriksson, “Improved Gas Response
Characteristics of Field-Effect Devices by High Temperature Growth of the Gate
Metal”, Eurosensors XIII, 12-15 Sept., 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands.
64. E. Hedborg, R. Björklund, M. Eriksson, P. Mårtensson, I. Lundström, “Metal-OxideSemiconductor Field-Effect Gas Sensors Based on Nanostructured SiO2 “, Eurosensors
XIII, Sept. 12-15, 1999, The Hague, The Netherlands.
65. Fredrik Winquist. “Electronic noses –Prospects and future”, 20th Nordic Lipid
Symposium, June 13-16, 1999, Kolding, Denmark.
66. Krantz-Rülcker, S. Holmin, F. Winquist, L-G. Ekedahl. “A new project area within the
activities of S-SENCE – Optimization of processes by multisensing technologies”,
ISOEN 99, The 6th International Symposium Olfaction and Electronic nose, Sept.20-22,
1999, Tübingen, Germany.
67. F. Winquist, P. Wide, I. Lundström. “A developing concept –The combination of
electronic noses, electronic tongues and additional electronic senses”, The 6th
International Symposium Olfaction and Electronic nose, Sept. 20-22, 1999, Tübingen,
Germany.
51
68. T. Platou Vikinge, K. Hansson, J. Benesch, K. Johansen, M. Rånby, T. Lindahl, I.
Lundström, and P. Tengvall, “Blood plasma coagulation studied by surface plasmon
resonance”, BiOS Europe ’98, Medical Sensors and Fibre Optics Sensors IV, Sept. 8-12,
1998, Stockholm, Sweden.
69. T. Platou Vikinge, K.M. Hansson, T.L. Lindahl, M. Rånby, I. Lundström, and P.
Tengvall, ”Surface Plasmon Resonance for the Study of Blood and Plasma
Coagulation”, ESB annual conference, September, 1999, Boudreaux, France.
70. K.M. Hansson, T. Platou Vikinge, M. Rånby, P. Tengvall, I. Lundström, and T.L.
Lindahl, ”Surface Plasmon Resonance, a New Technique to Study Whole Blood
Coagulation, Applied on Prothrombin Time Analysis”, XVII CONGRESS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Aug. 1421, 1999, Washington, D.C. USA.
71. Lloyd Spetz, “SiC based MOSFET transistors for high temperature industrial gas
sensing applications”, The American Physical Society's March 2000 Meeting, March
20-24, 2000, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
72. Lloyd Spetz, M. Eriksson, L.G. Ekedahl, and I. Lundström, “Si and SiC-based field
effect devices”, 7:th International Symposium on Trends and Applications of Thin Films
(TATF´2000), March 27-30, 2000, Nancy France.
73. Kroutchinine, S. Savage, L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, I. Lundström, “Gas
sensing by silicon carbide field effect transistors: device evaluation and applications”, C.
Harris, L.G. Ekedahl, Y. Vlasov, and A. Lloyd Spetz, Sensor´2000, June 26-30, 2000,
S:t Petersburg, Russia.
74. H. Svenningstorp, B. Widén, P. Salomonsson, P. Tobias, A. Lloyd Spetz et al,
“Detection of HC in exhaust gases by an array of MISiC sensors”, 8:th International
Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 2-5, 2000, Basel, Switzerland.
75. P. Tobias, K. Macak, U. Helmersson, I. Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “Zirconia based
oxygen sensor without the need of a reference electrode”, 8:th International Meeting on
Chemical Sensors, July 2-5, 2000, Basel, Switzerland.
76. L. Unéus, P. Ljung, R. Wigren, P. Mårtensson, L. G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström, A. Lloyd
Spetz, “Flue Gas Measurements with an Electronic Nose Equipped with SiC Based High
Temperature Sensors and Metal Oxide Sensors”, ISOEN´2000, July 24-26, 2000,
Brighton, England.
77. H. Svenningstorp, P. Tobias, P. Salomonsson, B. Häggendal, I. Lundström, L.G.
Ekedahl, and A. Lloyd Spetz, “MISiC Schottky Diodes and Transistors as NH3 Sensors
in Diesel Exhausts to Control SCR”, Eurosensors XIV, Aug. 27-30, 2000, Copenhagen,
Denmark.
78. Lloyd Spetz, “SiC-based Gas Sensors and their Applications”, ECSCRM2000, Sept. 3-7,
2000, Erlangen, Germany.
79. M.K. Linnarsson, A. Lloyd-Spetz, M.S. Janson, D. Åberg, U. Forsberg, B. Magnusson,
A. Henry, and B.G. Svensson, “Hydrogen diffusion in n-type 4H-SiC”, ECSCRM2000,
Sept. 3-7, 2000, Erlangen, Germany.
C. Di Natale, A. D'Amico, “MOSFET gas sensors with metalloporphyrins as gas
sensitive material”, Oral presentation at “The 5th Italian Conference on Sensors and
Microsystems”, Feb. 12-16, 2000, Lecce, Italy.
C. Di Natale, A. D'Amico, “MOSFET gas sensors with metalloporphyrins as gas
sensitive material”, poster presentation at “The 8th International Meeting on Chemical
Sensors”, July 2-5 2000, Basel, Switzerland.
82. Distante, P. Siciliano, M. Holmberg, and I. Lundström, “Odour Identification under
Drift Effect”, oral presentation at “The 7th International Symposium Olfaction &
Electronic Nose 2000”, July 20-24, 2000, Brighton, England.
83. Carlsson, C. Krantz-Rülcker, F. Winquist, I. Lundström. ”An electronic tongue as a tool
for wet end control”, New measurement techniques for monitoring white water
chemistry in papermaking, April 6-7, 2000, Lisbon, Portugal.
52
84. Krantz-Rülcker, M. Stenberg, S. Holmin, C. Söderström, P. Ivarsson, A. Carlsson, F.
Winquist, I. Lundström, "Application of multisensor arrays for environmental
monitoring and control”. Envirobiosens, Corsica, May 14-17, 2000.
85. Krantz-Rülcker, B. Widén, F. Winquist, I. Lundström. ”Monitoring of drinking water
quality by a voltammetric sensor array – an electronic tongue”, 8th International
Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 2-5, 2000, Basel, Switzerland.
86. S. Holmin, P. Spångeus, C. Krantz-Rülcker, I. Lundström, F. Winquist. ”Hierarchical
PCA for compression of electronic tongue data”, 8th International Meeting on Chemical
Sensors, July 2-5, 2000, Basel, Switzerland.
87. P. Ivarsson, S. Holmin, N-E. Höjer, C. Krantz-Rülcker, I. Lundström, F. Winquist.
”Discrimination of tea by means of a voltammetric electronic tongue and different
applied potential modes”, 8th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 2-5,
2000, Basel, Switzerland.
88. F. Winquist, I. Lundström, P. Wide. “An artificial sensor head for human based quality
evaluation”, 8th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 2-5, 2000, Basel,
Switzerland.
89. P. Ivarsson, författare och titel XXXXXXX “The 7th International Symposium
Olfaction & Electronic Nose 2000”, July 20-24 2000, Brighton, England.
90. T. Artursson, P. Spångeus and M. Holmberg, “Variable reduction on electronic tongue
data”, poster presentationa at “7th International Conference on chemometric, 2000,
Antwerpen, Belgium.
91. T. Artursson, S. Holmin, P. Spångeus and M. Holmberg, “Variable reduction on
electronic tongue data”, oral presentation at “The 198th Meeting of the Electrochemical
Society”, 2000, Phoenix, USA.
92. S. Savage, H. Svenningstorp, L. Unéus, A. Kroutchinine, P. Tobias, L.-G. Ekedahl, I.
Lundström, C. Harris, and A. Lloyd Spetz, SiC based Gas Sensors and their
Applications, Proc. of ECSCRM2000, Erlangen, Sept. 3-7, 2000, Mat. Sci. Forum,
submitted.
93. S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker, and F. Winquist. Drift Correction of Electronic Tongue
Responses. at the The 199th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society and ISOEN 8.
2001. Washington D.C, USA. Oral
94. Söderström, H. Borén, C. Krantz-Rülcker, F. Winquist, ”Measuring microbial activity
with an electronic tongue. at the The 199th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society and
ISOEN 8. 2001, Washington D.C, USA. Poster.
95. S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker, and F. Winquist. Qualitative Analysis of Food Products
by Means of a Multi-Sensing Technique- An Electronic Tongue at the 12:e
Analysdagarna. 2001, Stockholm, Sweden. Poster.
96. Krantz-Rülcker, “Electronic tongue for environmental monitoring”. Proceedings 1st
Senspool Workshop in Alcala de Henares, Spain), May 9-11, 2001.
97. E. Åbom, L. Hultman and M. Eriksson, “Correlation Between Gas Response of MIS
Field-Effect Sensors and the Bond Strength Between the Metal and the Insulator Layer
of the Device”, AVS 48th International Symposium Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2001, San
Francisco, California, USA
98. M. Löfdahl, M. Eriksson and I. Lundström, ”On the ammonia response mechanism of
field-effect gas sensors with thin Pt gates”, AVS 48th International Symposium Oct. 28Nov. 2, 2001, San Francisco, California, USA .
99. D, Briand, T. Knoll, B. van der Schoot, N.F. de Rooij, H. Sundgren, L-G. Ekedahl, I.
Lundström and J. Boussey "Advances in processing of MOSFET gas sensors”
Conference High temp Oslo, 2001.
100. R. P. Mikalo, P. Hoffman, D. R. Batchelor, A. Lloyd Spetz, I. Lundström, and D.
Schmeisser: “Comparison of HF and ozone treated SiC surfaces”, Material Science
Forum, 353-356, 219 (2001).
101. S. Jacobsén, U. Helmersson, L. G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström, P. Mårtensson, and A. Lloyd
Spetz: “Pt/CeO2 SiC Schottky diodes with high response to hydrogen and
53
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
hydrocarbons”, Transducers´01 and Eurosensors XV, Munich, Germany, June 10-14,
832 (2001) (2D3.05).
L. Unéus, M Mattsson, P. Ljung, R. Wigren, P. Mårtensson, L-G. Ekedahl, I.
Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz: “Evaluation of on-line hot flue gas measurements”,
Proc. Transducers´01 and Eurosensors XV, Munich, Germany, June 10-14, 1754 (2001)
(4D3.10P).
M. Holmberg, Sensors and Data Evaluation – a Powerful Combination, Proceedings of
Angelo Workshop, Rome (Italy), July 2, 2001.
K. M. Hansson, T. Lindahl, M. Rånby, Koagulation och fibrinolys -nya mätmetoder,
34th Nordic Coagulation meeting, Gothenburg, June 7-9, 2001. Oral presentation.
K. M. Hansson, P. Tengvall, I.Lundström, M. Rånby, T. L. Lindahl, Comparative
studies with surface plasmon resonance and free oscillation rheometry on the inhibition
of platelets with cytochalasin E and monoclonal antibodies towards GPIIB/IIA. XVIII
Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Paris, France,
July 6-12, 2001. Oral presentation.
S. Nakagomi, Y. Sanada, H. Shinobu, L. Unéus, I. Lundström L.-G. Ekedahl, and A.
Lloyd Spetz: “Influence of the gate material and temperature on the diode properties of
Schottky diodes based on SiC in O2 or CO ambient”, Proc. Transducers´01 and
Eurosensors XV, Munich, Germany, June 10-14, 1758 (2001) (4D3.11P).
S. Nakagomi, H. Shinobu, L. Unéus, I. Lundström, L.-G. Ekedahl, R. Yakimova, M.
Syväjärvi, A. Henry, E. Janzén, and A. Lloyd Spetz: “Influence of epitaxial layer on SiC
Schottky diode gas sensors operated in high temperature conditions”, Proc.
ICSCRM2001, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 28- Nov. 2, 165 (2001).
L. Unéus, S. Nakagomi, M. Linnarsson, M. Jansson, B. Svensson, R. Yakimova, M.
Syväjärvi, A. Henry, E. Janzén, L.-G Ekedahl, I. Lundström, and A. Lloyd Spetz: “The
effect of hydrogen diffusion in p- and n-type SiC Schottky diodes at high temperatures”,
Proc. ICSCRM2001, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 28- Nov. 2, 289 (2001).
Lloyd Spetz, L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp, H. Wingbrant, C. Harris, P. Salomonsson, P.
Tengström, P. Mårtensson, P. Ljung, M. Mattsson, J. H. Visser, S. G. Ejakov, D.
Kubinski, L.-G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström, and S. Savage: “MISiCFET chemical gas
sensors for high temperature and corrosive environment applications”, Proc.
ICSCRM2001, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 28- Nov. 2, 231 (2001).
L. Unéus, S.-K. Lee, C.-M. Zetterling, L.-G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström, M. Östling, and A.
Lloyd Spetz: “Measurements on linear TLM structures with TiW/Ti/Pt contacts for
corrosive and high temperature applications”, Proc. ICSCRM2001, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct.
28- Nov. 2, 410 (2001).
M. Andersson, A. Avamini, A. Colosimo, A. D’Amico, F. Davide, C. Di Natale, S.
Ganci, M. Gutknecht, M. Holmberg, E. Mazzone, M. Nardi, A. Pede, M. Russo, V.
Spicacci Minervini, and A. Tibuzzi, ANGELO evaluation: Application of a multisensor
system for psycho-physiological stress detection in working environments, 8th
International IEEE Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, ICECS 2001,
Malta, Sept. 2-5, 2001.
Davide, M. Andersson, M. Holmberg, E. Mazzone, V. Spicacci Minervini, A. D’Amico,
A Colosimo, The “Angelo” Project: stress metrology as a pre-condition for improving
team-working performance, Sensors and their applications XI, London (UK), Sept. 3-6,
2001.
Davide, M. Gutknecht, M. Holmberg, M. Andersson, M. Nardi, A. Pede, A. D’Amico,
V. Spicacci Minervini, E. Mazzone, ANGELO: Knowledge Based Virtual Facilitator in
Team Working, eBusiness and eWork 2001 (EMMSEC 2001), Venice (Italy), Oct. 1719, 2001.
F. Davide, M. Andersson, M. Holmberg, and I. Lundström, Chaotic Chemical Sensing,
Proceedings of The 2001 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its
Applications (NOLTA2001), Miyagi (Japan), 28 Oct.-1 Nov., p. 489-492, 2001.
54
115. M. Eriksson, D. Briand, I. Grahn and H. Sundgren, Variation of surface chemistry as a
means of investigating the response mechanism of field effect gas sensors. 9th
International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 7-10, 2002, Boston, USA.
116. M. Löfdahl, M. Eriksson and I. Lundström, Lateral resolution limit for field-effect gas
sensors, 9th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 7-10, 2002, Boston, USA.
117. Valgren, A.E. Åbom, M. Löfdahl, M. Eriksson and I. Lundström, A system for
capacitance measurements with varying metal-oxide gap by nanopositioning. 9th
International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 7-10, 2002, Boston, USA.
118. A.E. Åbom, C. Valgren, M. Löfdahl, M. Eriksson and I. Lundström, Capacitance probe
measurements of gas responses of field effect devices with continuously variable probeoxide gap. 9th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 7-10, 2002, Boston,
USA.
119. O.Larsson, A. Göras, J. Nytomt, C. Carlsson, A. Lloyd Spetz, T. Artursson, M.
Holmberg, I. Lundström, L.-G. Ekedahl, and P. Tobias, Estimation of air fuel ratio of
individual cylinders in SI engines by means of MISiC sensor signals in a linear
regression model, SAE2002, Detroit, USA, March 4-7, 2002, (2002-01-0847).
120. J. Cerdá, H. Wingbrant, H. Svenningstorp, J. R. Morante, L. Unéus, and A. Lloyd Spetz,
MISiCFET ammonia gas sensors: a comparison between Pt and Ir based metal gates,
Proc. 9IMCS, Boston, USA, July 7-10, 2002, pp. 502-503.
121. S.-K. Lee, L. Uneus, S.-M. Koo, C.-M. Zetterling, L.-G. Ekedahl, I. Lundström, A.
Lloyd Spetz, and M. Östling, Comparison study of Ohmic contacts in oxidizing ambient
at high temperature for gas sensor applications, Proc. TMS Electronic Materials
Conference (EMC), 2002, Santa Barbara, USA.
122. M. Andersson, J. Cerdá, L. Unéus, J. R. Morante and A. Lloyd Spetz, The use of
differences in catalytic activity between Pt and Ir as gate metals on MISiCFET sensors
for exhaust and flue gas monitoring, EUCHEM2002, Gothenburg, Sweden, October
2002
123. I Lundström “Voltammetric electrodes for electronic tongues” 1st NOSE II short
courses (Winter School), Bressanone Italy Feb. 2002.
124. C. Comina, S. Holmin, P. Ivarsson, C. Krantz-RülckerPoster ”COD detrmination with
an electronic tongue. Workshop Senspool-Sensors for monitoring water pollution from
contaminated land, London 2002
125. A. Lloyd Spetz, SiC a chemically inert material for bio- and chemical sensors, The
American Ceramic Society, April 27-30, 2003, Nashville, Tenneesse, USA.
126. M. Andersson, H. Wingbrant, L. Unéus, H. Svenningstorp and A. Lloyd Spetz, The use
of MISiCFET gas sensors with catalytic gate materials, exhibiting differences in
selectivity, for combustion and SCR control in car exhausts and flue gases, Proc.
CAPoC6 in Brussels, Belgium, October 22-24, 2003, pp.555-565.
127. S. Nakagomi, M. Takahashi, Y. Kokubun, L. Unéus, Susan Savage, H. Wingbrant, M.
Andersson, I. Lundström, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz: “The Influence of Substrate Bias
on the Amplification of a Junction Field Effect Transistor Based on Silicon Carbide with
a Catalytic Gate Electrode”, Proc. ICSCRM2003, Lyon, France, October 5-10, 2003, pp.
1507-1510.
128. A. Lloyd Spetz, H. Wingbrant, M. Andersson, M. Löfdahl, M. Einehag, P. Ljung, M.
Mattsson, H. Svenningstorp, J. H. Visser, D. Kubinski, , P. Salomonsson, and S. Savage,
MISiCFET Sensor arrays for On Line Diagnosis, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2003,Toronto,
Canada, October 22-24, 2003, pp. 385-386
129. S. Nakagomi, M. Takahashi, L. Unéus, S. Savage, H. Wingbrant, M. Andersson, I.
Lundström, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz, MISiC-FET Devices with Bias Controlled
Baseline and Gas Response, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2003,Toronto, Canada, October 22-24,
2003, pp. 407-408.
130. J. Cerda, J. R. Morante and A. Lloyd Spetz: “BaSnO3 Oxygen Sensors without the need
of a Reference Electrode”, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2003,Toronto, Canada, October 22-24,
2003, pp. 403-404.
55
131. H. Wingbrant, M. Persson, A.E. Åbom, A. Lloyd Spetz, Co-sputtered metal and SiO2
layers for use in thick-film ammonia MISiCFET sensors, IEEE Sensors, Toronto,
Canada Oct. 22-24, 2003, submitted.
132. H. Wingbrant, H. Svenningstorp, P. Salomonsson, J. Visser, D. Kubinski, Anita Lloyd
Spetz, Using a MISiCFET sensor for detecting NH3 in SCR systems, IEEE Sensors,
Toronto, Canada Oct. 22-24, 2003, submitted.
133. T. Artursson, M. Holmberg, D. Lindgren, S. Nyström, and H. Petersson, A Method for
Extraction of Predefined Information from Electronic Tongue Measurements, Poster
presentation at the NOSE II workshop, Linköping, Sweden, May 18-21, 2003.
134. R. Klingvall, I.Lundström, M. Löfdahl, M. Eriksson, 2D-evaluation of the gas response
of a RhPd-MIS devic, 2nd IEEE international conference on sensors, Toronto, Canada,
October 22-24, 2003, accepted
135. H. Wingbrant, H. Svenningstorp, P. Salomonsson, D. Kubinski, J. Visser, M. Löfdahl,
Anita Lloyd Spetz, Using a MISiC-FET sensor for detecting NH3 in SCR systems, IEEE
Sensors Journal, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2003,Toronto, Canada, October 22-24, 2003,
accepted.
136. H. Wingbrant, H. Svenningstorp, P. Salomonsson, D. Kubinski, J. Visser, M. Löfdahl,
Anita Lloyd Spetz, Using a MISiC-FET sensor for detecting NH3 in SCR systems, IEEE
Sensors Journal, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2003,Toronto, Canada, October 22-24, 2003,
accepted
137. H. Petersson, M. Andersson, A. Lloyd Spetz, N. Padban, J. Larfeldt, and M. Holmberg:
"Initial studies on the possibility to use chemical sensors to monitor and control boilers",
Eurosensors XVIII, Rome, Italy, 12-15 Sept. (2004).
138. Andersson, M., Petersson, H., Padban, N., Larfeldt, J., Holmberg, M., Spetz, A.L., "The
characteristics and utility of SiC-FE gas sensors for control of combustion in domestic
heating systems", (2004) Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 3, art. no. W1L-A.3, 1157.
139. Brännström, M., Lennartsson, R., Lauberts, A., Habberstad, H., Holmberg, M.,
"Distributed data fusion in a ground sensor network", (2004) Proceedings of the Seventh
International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2004, 2, 1096.
140. J. Cerdà, A. Salomonsson, M. Strand, M. Sanati, A. Lloyd Spetz: “Pt/gamma-Al2O3
particles for long term stable, highly selective MISiCFET gas sensors”, Proc. IMCS10,
Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14 (2004) 3E01.
141. H. Wingbrant, M. Lundén and A. Lloyd Spetz: “Modifications of the catalytic gate
material to increase the long-term stability of SiC-FET lambda sensors”, Proc. IMCS10,
Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14 (2004) 2P108.
142. H. Wingbrant and A. Lloyd Spetz: “The influence of catalytic activity and temperature
on the binary switch point and linear behavior of SiC-FET lambda sensors”, Proc.
IMCS10, Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14 (2004) 2D10.
143. S. Nakagomi, A. Fukumura, Y. Kokubun, S. Savage, H. Wingbrant, M. Andersson, I.
Lundström, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz: “Influence of gate bias of MISiC-FET gas
sensor device on the sensing properties”, Proc. IMCS10, Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14
(2004) 3E02.
144. S. Nakagomi, G. Wingqvist, A. E. Åbom, A. Lloyd Spetz: “Hydrogen sensing by NKN
thin film with high dielectric constant and ferro-electric property”, Proc. IMCS10,
Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14 (2004) 2P123.
145. M. Andersson, J. Larfeldt, N. Padban, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz: “Gas sensor based
control of small and medium sized boilers”, Proc. IEEE Sensors, Vienna October 24-27
(2004).
146. A Lloyd Spetz, H. Wingbrant, M. Andersson, A. Salomonsson, S. Roy, G. Wingqvist, I.
Katardjiev, M. Eickhoff and S. Nakagomi: “New Materials for Chemical and
Biosensors”, Proc. International Symposium on Advanced Materials and Processing
(ISAMAP2K4) Kharagpur, India, 6-8 Dec. (2004), p. 755.
147. S. Roy, A. Salomonsson, A. Lloyd Spetz, C. Aulin, P. –O. Käll, L. Ojamäe, M. Strand,
M. Sanati: ”Metal oxide Nanoparticles as Novel Gate Materials for Field Effect Gas
56
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
Sensors”, Proc. International Symposium on Advanced Materials and Processing
(ISAMAP2K4) Kharagpur, India, 6-8 Dec. (2004), p. 983.
Belov, H. Wingbrant, A. Lloyd Spetz, H. Sundgren, B. Thuner, H. Svenningstorp, P.
Leisner: "Thermal and flow analysis of SiC-based gas sensors for automotive
applications", Proc. of the 5th IEEE conference EuroSimE 2004, Brussels, May 9-12,
2004, pp. 475-482.
S. Nakagomi, M. Takahashi, Y. Kokubun, L. Unéus , S. Savage, H. Wingbrandt, M.
Andersson, I. Lundström, M. Löfdahl, A. Lloyd Spetz: "Substrate Bias Amplification of
a SiC Junction Field Effect Transistor with a Catalytic Gate Electrode", Mat. Sci.
Forum, 457-460 (2004) 1507-1510.
R. Klingvall, I. Lundström, and M. Eriksson: ”Chemical images as a tool for optimising
gas sensor properties”, The 10th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (10IMCS), Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14 (2004)
M. Eriksson, D. Tenselius, M. Einehag and M. Löfdahl: "Controlling the sensitivity
region of hydrogen sensitive field effect devices", The 10th International Meeting on
Chemical Sensors (10-IMCS), Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-14 (2004)
F.Winquist, R.Bjorklund, C.Krantz-Rülcker, I.Lundström, K.Östergren and T.Skoglund:
"An electronic tongue in the dairy industry". Eurosensors XIIX, Rome, Italy, 2004
B. Liedberg, Y. Zhou, O. Andersson and P. Lindberg: "Microarray production on
polymeric hydrogels using microcontact printing", ESF Workshop Protein arrays –
bridging the gap between physics and biomedicine, Jena, Germany, 1-3 April 2004
M. Andersson, H. Pettersson, N. Padban, J. Larfeldt, M. Holmberg, A. Lloyd Spetz,
"The characteristics and utility of SiC-FE gas sensors for control of combustion in
domestic heating systems", Proc. IEEE Sensors, Vienna, Austria, October 24-27, 2004,
p. 1157-1160 (W1L-A3)
A. Lloyd Spetz, "SiC a sensor material for extreme environment", MRS Spring Meeting,
April 12-16, 2004, San Fransisco, CA, USA, 2004, *J3.1, Invited talk
Mats Eriksson, "Gas Sensor Research and Development with a Combinatorial
Approach", MRS fall meeting, Boston , USA , Nov. 27 – Dec. 1, 2005 – invited talk
A. Salomonsson, S. Roy, C. Aulin, L. Ojamäe, P.-O. Käll, M. Strand, M. Sanati, A.
Lloyd Spetz, "RuO2 and Ru nanoparticles for MISiC-FET gas sensors", Proc. Nanotech
2005 (NSTI), Anaheim, USA, May 8-12, Vol. 2, 4, pp. 269-272, 2005.
C. Vahlberg, G.R. Yazdi, R. M. Petoral Jr., M. Syväjärvi, K. Uvdal, A. Lloyd Spetz, R.
Yakimova, "Surface engineering of functional materials for biosensors", Proc. IEEE
Sensors 2005, Irvine, Ca USA, Oct 31-Nov.3, 2005, pp. 504-507.
G. Wingqvist, J. Bjurström, L. Liljeholm, I .Katardjiev, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Shear mode
AlN thin film electroacoustic resonator for biosensor applications", Proc. IEEE Sensors
2005, Irivine CA, USA, Oct 31 - Nov. 3, 2005, pp. 492-495.
M. Andersson, H. Wingbrant, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Study of the CO Response of SiC based
Field Effect Gas Sensors", Proc. IEEE Sensors 2005, Irivine, USA, October 31November 2, 2005, pp. 105-108.
A Lloyd Spetz, K. Uvdal, M. Eickhoff, I. Katardjiev, and R.Yakimova, "Wide Band-gap
Materials for Chemical and Biosensors", Int. Symp. for Advanced Sensor Technologies,
Tokyo, Japan, June 10, 2005, pp. 25-30, Invited talk.
D. Lutic, M. Strand, A. Salomonsson, L. Ojamäe, P-O. Käll, A. Lloyd Spetz and M.
Sanati, "In2O3 particle films as gate material for MISiC-capacitor sensors", NOSA2005,
Göteborg, Sweden.
M. Strand, A. Salomonsson, J. Einvall, C. Aulin, L. Ojamäe, P-O. Käll, A. Lloyd Spetz,
and M. Sanati, "Nanoparticles as sensing material for selective and stable SiC-FET gas
sensor", in Proceeding “European Aerosol Conference 2005”, Editor M. Maenhaut,
Ghent, Belgium, 28 Aug – 2 Sep, pp. 735.
Roger Klingvall, Ingemar Lundström and Mats Eriksson, "Low concentration detection
of hydrogen", The 11th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS 11), Brescia ,
Italy , July 16-19, 2006
57
165. R. Yakimova, G. Steinhoff, V. Khranovskyy, C. Vahlberg, R. M. Petoral Jr., G. R.
Yazdi, M. Syväjärvi, M. Eickhoff, K. Uvdal, A. Lloyd Spetz, "New material concepts
and device architecture of transducers for chemical and bio-sensors", E-MRS meeting,
Nice France, May 29- June 1, 2006 (invited talk, Yakimova).
166. K. Buchholt, E. Ieva, P.-O. Käll, L. Ojamäe, L. Torsi, D. Lutic, M. Strand, M. Sanati
and A. Lloyd Spetz, "FET devices with gold nanoparticle gate material as nitrogen oxide
gas sensors", Proc. E-MRS 2006, Nice France, May 29- June 1, 2006.
167. Doina Lutic, Michael Strand, Anita Lloyd-Spetz, Mehri Sanati, "Catalytic properties of
oxide nanoparticles applied in gas sensors", Proc. 12th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis,
Trondheim, Norway, May 28-30, 2006.
168. K.Buchholt, E. Ieva, B. Johansson, P. Käll, L. Torsi, A. Lloyd Spetz, "SiC-Field Effect
Gas Sensor using Au as Gate Material for NOx sensing", Proc. IMCS11, Brescia, Italy,
July 16-19, 2006, MP49 # 130.
169. M. Andersson, A. Lloyd Spetz, "Study of the CO response characteristics of SiC based
field effect gas sensors", Proc. IMCS11, Brescia, Italy, July 17-19, 2006, TO1.4.3
170. G. Steinhoff, R. Petoral, C. Vahlberg, B. Baur, T. Wassner, M .Eickhoff, A. LloydSpetz, R. Yakimova, K. Uvdal, "Chemical functionalization of GaN and ZnO surfaces",
Proc. IMCS11, Brescia, Italy, July 17-19, 2006, WP78.
171. M. Strand, A. Salomonsson, J. Einvall, C. Aulin, L. Ojamäe, P-O. Käll, A. Lloyd Spetz,
and M. Sanati, "Nanoparticles as sensing material for selective and stable SiC-FET gas
sensor", Proc. European Aerosol Conference 2005, Ghent, Belgium, 28 Aug – 2 Sep,
2006, p. 735.
172. R.M. Petoral Jr., G.R. Yazdi, C. Vahlberg, M. Syväjärvi, A. Lloyd Spetz , K. Uvdal and
R. Yakimova, "Surface functioanlization of SiC for biosensor applications", Proc.
ECSCRM 2006, Sept. 3-7, 2006, Newcastle, UK.
173. E. Ieva, N. Cioffi, L. Torsi, L. Sabbatini, P.G. Zambonin, P.O. Kall, A. L. Spetz,
“Nanoparticelle di oro come materiali attivi in capacitori impiegati come sensori di gas”
Conf Proc. Conf. On Chemical Sensors, Florence, Italy, 10-15 September 2006.
174. A. Lloyd Spetz, G. Steinhoff, V. Khranovsky, M. Andersson, K. Buchholt, M. Eickhoff,
R. Yakimova, "Multisensing by Gas Sensors", Proc. Eurosensors XX, Göteborg,
Sweden, September 18-20, 2006. T3A-KN, Key note speaker
175. C. Di Natale, K. Buchholt, E. Martinelli, R. Paolesse, A. D´Amico, I. Lundström, A.
Lloyd Spetz, "Investigation of the selectivity properties of metalloporphyrines selfassembled-monolayers on QMB and FET transducers", Proc. Eurosensors XX,
Göteborg, Sweden, September 18-20, 2006, T1A-P11.
176. R.M. Petoral Jr., G. Steinhoff, G.R. Yazdi, V. Khranovskyy, A. Lloyd Spetz, K. Uvdal,
R. Yakimova, "Preparation and characterization of organic/inorganic structures based on
ZnO", 4th Int. Workshop on ZnO and related materials, 3-6 Oct. 3-6, 2006, Giessen,
Germany
177. A. Lloyd Spetz, G. Steinhoff, R. Petoral Jr, K. Uvdal, M. Eickhoff, and R. Yakimova,
"New Materials for Multifunctional Chemical- and Biosensors", MS&T´06, Cincinnati,
Ohio, USA, October 15-19, 2006, Invited talk.
58
Appendix D: IPR results
Patents:
1.
“Method and device for gas sensing”; Amir Baranzahi, Anita Lloyd Spetz,
Ingemar Lundström (SE503265, WO96/09534, US6,109,094)
2.
”Testing of catalyst in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine”,
Amir Baranzahi, Anita Lloyd Spetz, Ingemar Lundström, (SE505910,
WO9715751).
3.
“Sensor for detecting of non-burnt hydrocarbons”, Amir Baranzahi, Anita
Lloyd Spetz, Ingemar Lundström, (SE515412, WO9715826).
4.
“Method and device for expansion of sensor selectivity”, Ingemar Lundström,
Hans Sundgren, (SE505040, WO9705476, EP0840892, US6187597).
5.
“Device for gas sensing”, Ingemar Lundström, Per Mårtensson, (SE514042,
WO9958964, EP1076816, US6,569,779).
6.
“An electronic tongue”, Fredrik Winquist, Peter Wide, (EP1010005)
7.
“A method for detecting contaminating microorganisms”, Carl-Fredrik
Mandenius, Thomas Bachinger, (SE9904125, WO0136664).
8.
“Low power sensor”, Danick Briand, Bart van der Schoot, Nico F. de Roij,
Ingemar Lundström, Hans Sundgren, (SE9902081, WO 0075649,
EP1190242).
9.
“Manufacturing method for integrated sensor arrays”, Per-Erik Fägerman,
(EP1022561, US6410445, JP200221161).
10.
”System, sensor combination and method for regulating, detecting as well as
deciding current fuel-air ratios in combustion engines”, Amir Baranzahi, Per
Mårtensson, Anders Göras, Per Salomonsson, (SE 9703754, US6,526,954,
WO9919611, EP1036260)
11.
“Method and apparatus for enriching volatile substance (volatile substances)
from a gas stream and metering the substance or substances to an analytical
instrument"” Iggesund MoDo, Jonas Erik Andersson, Mölndal, Sverige och
Britt-Inger Ljungberg-Willing, (SE 512229, WO9966305).
12.
“A method for cleaning of washing/dishwashing articles in a
washing/dishwashing machine and a device for performing the method”
Electronic tongue in dish washers and washing machines”, Patrik Ivarsson,
Nils Erik Höjer, Christina Kranz-Rülcker, Fredrik Winquist, (SE 0004400-8,
AU 2429802, WO0244460).
13.
"Determination of Polymerization/Coagulation in a fluid", Pentti Tengvall and
Ingemar Lundström, (US6379976, EP1058848).
59
14.
“Method for indication (Optimal Discriminant Projection)”, Per Spångeus,
David Lindgren, (SE518681).
15.
“Method for indication (Good and Bad Projection)” Per Spångeus, David
Lindgren, (SE517171).
16.
“Electronic tongue as ozone detector”, Fredrik Winquist, Carina Högberg,
Tina Krantz-Rülcker, Kjell Ekberg, (US6,841,053)
17.
“Method and system for a voltammetric characterization of a Liquid sample”,
Arnold Olofsson, (US6,664,776)
18.
“Detection or analysis of urea in liquid involves use of voltammetric electronic
tongue” Rasmus Jansson, Per Langö, Fredrik Winquist, Kristina KrantzRülcker, (SE523961). In a bilateral project, fully financed by the company
Otre AB.
19.
“Simplified signal processing method for voltammetry”, Rasmus Jansson,
Patent application (SE524574).
20.
"Measurement system for sensors", Fabrizio Davide, Ingemar Lundström,
Marcus Andersson, Martin Holmberg, (SE524708)
21.
“Field effect sensing device with stabilized working point”, Niclas
Edvardsson, Mats Eriksson (EP1927852 A1, pat. Pending) (Submitted Dec.
2006 but based on work performed during spring 2006)
60

SR - Vinnova

Transcription

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