JASO Diesel Engine Oil Seminar 2009(PDF File, 3.8MB)

Transcription

DH-1
JASO M355
Diesel Engine Oil Seminar 2009
- JASO Standards -
February, 2009
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
JASO : Japanese Automobile Standard Organization
1
DH-1
JASO M355
Supported by
PAJ
Petroleum Association of Japan
for
the JASO Diesel Engine Oil Seminar 2009
2
Contents :
JASO Diesel Oil Seminar 2009
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
Engine & Oil Technologies
- Engine Technology
- Functions of Engine Oil & Examples
JASO Standards
- JASO DH-1 / DH-2 / DL-1
- JASO On-file System
Break 20’
Other Topics
- Biodiesel Fuel Impact on Diesel Engine and the Lubricant
- Japanese OEM Requirements for ATF
- Hydraulic Fluid Standards for Construction Machinery (JCMAS)
Summary
Discussion
3
DH-1
JASO M355
Objectives of
the JASO Diesel Engine Oil Seminar
To Improve Quality of Diesel Engine Oil for:
>Environmental protection and global warming reduction
>less fuel expenses, maintenance cost, disposal oil
To Share Information of Japanese Activities
Timely on:
>Diesel Engine Oil Specifications,
>Engine Technologies,
>Bio-diesel Impact, etc.
4
Organizations
DH-1
JASO M355
JAMA & PAJ Engine Oil Sub Committee
JAMA
PAJ
Oil Sub Committee
- Diesel Oil Group
Hino
Isuzu
Mazda
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi Fuso
Nissan
Nissan Diesel
Toyota
Oil Suppliers
Observers
Cosmo Oil
ExxonMobil
Idemitsu Kosan
Japan Energy
Nippon Oil
Showa Shell
Afton Chemical
Chevron Japan
Infineum Japan
JALOS
Lubrizol Japan
Diesel Oil Working Group
Standardization, Promotion, …..
- PCMO Group - ATF Group
- MCMO Group
5
DH-1
JASO M355
Memberships of DH-1 Promotion
Today’s Speakers are in blue.
Industry
OEMs
Oil Suppliers
Name
Company
Kenji Tomizawa
Hino Motors
Makoto Okamoto
Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus
Tetsuji Ukai
Nissan Diesel
Masaki Yamanaka
Showa Shell Sekiyu
Noriyuki Naganuma
Japan Energy
Additive Suppliers Jiro Magarifuchi
Chevron Japan
Kazuo Nishimura
Lubrizol Japan
Hitoshi Hamaguchi
Evonik Degussa Japan
Koichi Yasuda
Japan Lubricating Oil
Society (JALOS)
Other
6
Japanese Truck & Bus Exports to Asia
2004-2007
DH-1
JASO M355
Many trucks and buses are exported to Thailand,
Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam.
140000
120000
Singapore
Pakistan
Units
100000
Hongkong
Philippines
80000
China
Vietnam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
60000
40000
20000
0
2004
Source: JAMA Data Base
2005
2006
Year
2007
7
DH-1
JASO M355
Quality Grade of Heavy Duty Diesel
Engine Oils in Indonesia
API CD and lower grade oils still make up
a large part of the market today.
< API CD
10%
Others
5%
API CI-4
2%
API CH-4
5%
API CG-4
3%
CF
30%
API CD
35%
Source : SAE F&L Steering Committee for Asia 2006
API CF-4
10%
8
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Oils in Thailand
API CF-4, JASO DH-1 grade and higher grade oils make up
100% of the market.
JASO DH-1,
25%
CI-4, 5%
CH-4, 40%
CF-4, 25%
CG-4, 5%
9
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Oils in Vietnam
API CD grade and lower grade oils still make up
a large part of the market today.
CB, 17%
CH-4, 1%
CF-4, 2%
CD, 30%
CC, 50%
10
DH-1
JASO M355
Past Activities for Promoting JASO Diesel
Engine Oil Standards in Asia, Pacific
• Seminars (2005 – 2007)
- JASO DH-1 promotion seminars were held at 6 countries in Asia,
having more than 1,000 attendees.
• Survey (2007)
- Surveyed JASO DH-1 products from Asian market
- Investigated measures for the DH-1 popularization by questionnaire
• Results
- 36 DH-1 brands in 11 countries, including 9 brands on-filed.
- JASO DH-1 has a potential market.
(only 25%)
- Products and its benefit are not recognized well.
- JASO On-file
system is not well known
11
JASO DH-1 Market Survey
DH-1
- Number of DH-1 Brand -
JASO M355
59
Emission Regulations
in 2008
Euro IV / V (S< 50ppm)
7
14
Euro III (S<350ppm)
Euro II
2
(S<500ppm)
Below Euro I
2
Number of DH-1
Brand
3
2
2
17
5
4
7
Results as of Dec. 2007
12
DH-1 JASO DH-1 Products
Results as of Dec. 2007
Global Oil Company
Local Oil Company (ex Japan)
BP-Castrol
Tection HD
15W40
BP-Castrol
Tection J-MAX
15W40
BP-Castrol
Tection Global
15W40
BP-Castrol
RX
10W40
BP-Castrol
RX Diesel
20W50
Caltex
15W40
Delo 400 Multigrade
Caltex
DELO CXJ
15W40
Caltex
Delo Gold
15W40
Hitachi
Hitachi Construction Machinery - Genuine Oil 15W40
10W30,15W40
Idemitsu
APOLLOIL MULTI RUNNER DH-1
15W40
Idemitsu
Idemitsu Extreme Diesel DH-1
Mobil
5W40
Delvac 1
Mobil
15W40
Delvac MX Extra
Shell
Rimula Super
15W40
Shell
Rimula X
15W40
BP-Castrol
15W40
Vanellus C7
BP-Castrol
Tection Global ES
15W40
Fuchs
Titan Ultra MC 1040
10W40
Valvoline
Diesel extra long drain LD
15W40
Valvoline
Premium Blue
15W40
BP-Castrol
15W40
万里霸王
15W40
Komatsu
Komatsu - Genuine Oil
15W40
Shang Xi Japan Energy JOMO DIESEL ENGINE OIL CF-4 15W-40
Shang Xi Japan Energy JOMO DIESEL ENGINE OIL CF-4 15W-40H 15W40
Shell
15W40
金霸X
Caltex
Delo Sports Synthetic Blend
15W40
Conoco Phillips
Hydroclear Power D
15W-40
Hino
Expert 21
20W50
Isuzu
Besco Duramax
10W30
Mobil
Delvac 1640
PTT
Dynamic XJ
SAE 40
PTT
Dynamic Synthetic
5W40
Shell
Rimula R3X
15W40
Idemitsu
15W40
ID.RACING DIESEL DH-1
Hino
Hino Genuine Motor Oil
15W40
Pertamina
Meditran SX
15W40
CI-4+
CH-4
CI-4
CF
CF-4
CI-4+
CF
CH-4
CF-4
CF-4
?
CI-4+
CI-4+
CH-4
CH-4
CI-4
CI-4+
CI-4+
CI-4
CI-4
CI-4
CF-4
CF-4
CF-4
CH-4
CI-4
CI-4+
CH-4
CH-4
?
CF
CI-4
CH-4
CF
CH-4
CI-4
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Philippines
Malaysia
Hong Kong
Vietnam
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
India
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Indonesia
Onfile
Taiwan
API
Thailand
SAE
China
Brand
NewZealand
Marketer
Australia
JASO M355
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
13
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
- Hydraulic Fluid Standards for Construction Machinery (JACMAS)
Summary
Discussion
14
DH-1
JASO M355
Performance Requirements for
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
Good
Fuel Economy
High
Reliability
( Lower CO2 )
Diesel Engines
High
Durability
( PM, NOx )
High
Performance
Lower
Emissions
15
History of Exhaust Emissions Regulations
in Japan, EU, USA
DH-1
JASO M355
NOX (g/ｋWh)
8
7
6
5
EU
Euro II
Hot EGR
US
Euro III
Japan
4
JASO DH-1
3
Cooled EGR
Euro IV
Euro V
2
1
JASO DH-2/DL-1
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0.8
PM (g/ｋWh)
0.7
0.6
Japan
0.5
0.4
0.3
After Treatment
JASO DH-1
EU
JASO DH-2/DL-1
0.2
0.1
US
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fuel Sulfur content
Japan
2000ppm
EU
2000ppm
US
500ppm
500ppm
350ppm
500ppm
10ppm
50ppm
50ppm
10ppm
15ppm
16
DH-1
JASO M355
Exhaust Gas Emissions Regulations in Asia
(Heavy-Duty Diesels)
Revised Dec. 2008
Year
Europe
USA
Asia
Japan
2006
2007
EuroⅣ
EPA04 EPA07
2008
2009
Euro V
JP05 (New Long Term)
Indonesia
Euro Ⅱ
Thailand
Euro Ⅱ
Vietnam
2010
EPA10
JP09 (post NLT)
2012
2013
EuroⅥ
(GVW>12t)
(3.5<GVW<=12t)
(EuroⅣ )
Euro Ⅲ
Fuel S Level
> 500 ppm
< 500 ppm
< 500 ppm
< 500 ppm
< 50 ppm
< 15 ppm
Cooled
EGR
No
No
Yes/No
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
(EuroⅣ )
(Euro III)
Euro Ⅱ
Color
2011
After
Treatment
No
No
No
No
Yes*
Yes*
*:Estimated
Compatibility with JASO engine oil
DH- 1
DH- 2
○ (Shorter Drain Interval)
×
○
×
○
×
○
×
×
○
×
○
17
DH-1
JASO M355
Trade-Off Relationship
between PM and NOx
Incomplete combustion
PM: Increase NOx: Decrease
PM
Less O2 & Lower
Combustion Temperatures
Source : NEDO Home Page
PM
PM
NO
x
NO
x
complete combustion
PM: Decrease NOx: Increase
NOx
Higher Combustion
Temperatures
18
Strategy of
Exhaust Emission Reduction in the EU
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Modifications
Incomplete
combustion
0.2
PM
After-treatment systems
NOx
PM g/kWh
EUROII
EUROIII
0.1
High pressure fuel injection
Injection timing retardation
VG Turbo, Cooled EGR etc.
CR-DPF?
EUROV
EUROIV
SCR+?
0
0
1
2
3
DPF?
Limit without
after-treatment
NOx
SCR
4
5
NOx g/kWh
complete
combustion
6
7
PM
8
19
Trade-Off Relationship
between Fuel Consumption and NOx
DH-1
JASO M355
Incomplete
combustion
FC
After-treatment systems
for NOx Reduction
Fuel Consumption
NOx
EUROV
EUROIV
Limit without
after-treatment
NOx
SCR or NSR
Good
0
1
2
3
4
5
NOx g/kWh
complete
combustion
6
7
FC
8
20
DH-1
JASO M355
Relationship between Displacement and
Power of Diesel Engine in Japan
Power(kW)
Downsizing for Fuel Economy
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
00-01year Model
06-08year Model
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Displacement(cc)
25000
30000
35000
21
Technology Adopted for JP05＊ Truck
DH-1
JASO M355
＊New Long Term Exhaust Emission Regulation in Japan
(equiv. to Euro IV)
Engine
Combustion　Technology
Aftertreatment Technology
Hybrid
Displacement Injection System
Cooled
VG
DPF Urea SCR NSR
(Liter)
CR
Other Turbocharger EGR
2.95
√
√
√
2.98
√
√
√
2.98
√
√
√
√
3.00
√
√
√
√
LD-Truck
3.00
√
√
√
√
√
4.01
√
√
√
√
4.01
√
√
√
√
√
4.01
√
√
√
√
√
4.73
√
√
√
√
4.90
√
√
√
5.19
√
√
√
√
6.40
√
√
√
√
MD-Truck
7.55
√
√
√
7.68
√
√
√
√
7.79
√
√
√
√
8.87
√
√
√
√
9.20
√
√
√
√
9.84
√
√
√
√
12.74
√
√
√
√
HD-Truck
12.88
√
√
√
√
12.91
√
√
√
√
13.07
√
√
√
√
15.68
√
√
√
√
Source : JAMA Material
22
Fuel Injection Pressure Trends
DH-1
JASO M355
Injection Pressure (MPa)
for PM Reduction in the Japanese Market
200
New Common Rail System
U.I.System & U.P.System
Common Rail
System
150
100
In-Line
Pump
(electronic)
50
0
(mechanical)
'80
'85
'90
'95
Year
'00
'05
'10
23
DH-1
JASO M355
Common Rail System
For Example
Source: Bosch Home page
24
DH-1
JASO M355
Merits of the Common Rail System (1)
for PM Reduction
Injection pressure
Higher Pressure at lower Speed
than Inline Pump
low
Source: HINO Home page
Common rail
Conventional inline pump
Engine speed
high
25
DH-1
JASO M355
Merits of the Common Rail System (2)
for NOx Reduction / Regeneration of DPF
from Common Rail
Command
Piston
Injection rate
Solenoid
Valve
Pilot
Nozzle
Source: DENSO Home page
Main
After
Multi-injection
26
DH-1
JASO M355
The Newest Piezo Injector
For Example
Source: Engine Technology magazine No.42
Piezo
Piezo Actuator
Actuator
Displacement
Displacement
Expansion
Expansion Unit
Unit
Control
Control Valve
Valve
Injector
Injector Body
Body
Nozzle
Nozzle
Merit
• Quick response
• Accurate control of injection
quantity and timing
27
DH-1
Cooled EGR for NOx Reduction
JASO M355
Acceleration signal
Cooling water
ECU
Engine speed
EGR Cooling water
cooler
EGR
Valve
Portion of
exhaust gas
Intake air
piston
Exhaust gas
Connecting rod
Source: ISUZU Homepage
Intake
throttle
valve
Lower
Combustion
Temperature by
Cooled EGR
28
CR-DPF (CRT
DH-1
JASO M355
TM
) for PM Reduction
(Continuously Regenerating Diesel Particulate Filter)
For Example
Oxidation Catalyst
NO →
HC →
CO →
SOF →
NO2
CO2, H2O
CO2
CO2, H2O
PM Filter（DPF)
C + NO2 → CO2, NO
Ceramic Filter
Source : NGK
29
SCR System for NOx Reduction
( Selective Catalytic Reduction )
DH-1
JASO M355
For Example
Urea
H2N-CO-NH2 + H2O
4NH3 + 4NO + O2
8NH3 + 6NO2
Urea Injection
2NH3 + CO2
4N2 + 6H2O
7N2 + 12H2O
Infrastructure for Urea SCR
SCR Catalyst
Pre Catalyst
→
→
→
Post Catalyst
Harmless
Harmless
Harmless
Source : Mitsubishi FUSO HP
30
DH-1
JASO M355
Technology for JP09 ＊
＊：Post New Long Term Exhaust Emission Regulation in Japan
(equiv. to Euro V)
For Example
Higher Capacity
EGR cooler
Large Quantity EGR
& Accurate Control
Higher Injection Pressure
(up to 200MPa)
Higher Capacity
Radiator
Smaller DPF
Higher PM Trap Efficiency
Higher Capacity
Intercooler
Air
Electric-controlled Turbo
Accurate Control
Exhaust Gas
Ｐ
Accurate control of
Urea Injection Quantity
Source : JAMA Material
Smaller SCR
Higher NOx Conversion Efficiency
Urea Tank
31
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
32
DH-1
Composition of Engine Oils
JASO M355
Additives are formulated to ensure engine oil performance.
Engine oil works for engine protection.
Corrosion Inhibitor
Viscosity Modifier
Detergent
Anti-foam Agent
Additives
Oxidation
Inhibitor
Dispersant
Base Oil
Oiliness Agent
Rust Inhibitor
Pour Point
Depressant
Anti-wear Agent
33
DH-1
Functions of Engine Oil
JASO M355
Cooling
Sealing
Lubrication
- Reduce Friction
- Wear Protection
Source : RohMax
Cleaning
Anti-corrosion
34
Lubrication : 1
DH-1
JASO M355
•Friction
Load
Motion
Engine Oil
Engine Parts
can be reduced
when engine parts
slide on the oil film
•Wear
can be prevented
when engine parts
are separated by
the oil film
Lubricity is important for Engine Protection
Source : RohMax
35
Lubrication : 2
DH-1
JASO M355
Force
Friction
Engine Oil
Friction is counteraction
force against moving force
between two surface.
Boundary
Lubrication
Clutch, Gear
Source : Showa Shell
Mixed
Lubrication
Hydrodynamic
Lubrication
Piston & Cylinder
Connecting rod
36
Lubrication : 3
DH-1
JASO M355
Friction is a cause of wear
Hard metal shave the
surface of soft metal.
Hard
Friction causes the
following phenomena
100
75
50
25
Frictional heat up
0
Soft
Frictional loss up
= Fuel consumption
37
Lubrication : 4
DH-1
JASO M355
- To protect engine, supplying oil by pumping oil from oil pan
- Filtering and cooling oil before supplying oil to main oil gallery
Intake / exhaust
Valve system
Rocker shaft
Valve Train
Piston, Crank
Supplying Oil
Cam shaft
Rocker case
Main oil gallery
Oil cooler
Main
bearing
Piston
Water
pump
Turbo
charger
Air
compressor
Connecting
rod bearing
Connecting
rod bush
Idle
gear C
Idle gear
A,B
Oil
splay
plug
Oil pan
Full flow
filter
Relief
valve
Oil
pump
Strainer
Idle
gear D
Supply
pump
Bypass
filter
38
Lubrication : 5
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine oil prevents wear of engine parts
Lubrication of engine
Valve train
Piston
Decrease friction
Bearing
39
DH-1
Lubrication : 6
JASO M355
More Clearance by abrasive wear
Higher Tapping Noise
Low Wear
Abrasive Wear
PR 981407-3, G9900281
Possibility of Engine Damage
Source : SAE Paper : 2006-01-3439
Poor Anti-Wear Performance
Abrasive wear due to Soot in used oil on adjusting screws
40
Cleaning : 1
DH-1
JASO M355
Heat degrades engine oil
・Detergensy
to keep hot parts
of engines clean
・Dispersancy
to keep cold parts
of engines clean
Thermal Stability
and Dispersancy
are important
41
Cleaning : 2
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine oil keep inside of engine clean
and makes engine operate stable.
Chain of hydro
carbon
Molecule of
detergent
Sludge
Polar
group
Dispersant
Detergent additives
accommodate sludge (soot) to
oil, and remove from engine.
Sludge
Dispersant additives prevent sludge
(soot) from sticking together.
42
Cleaning : 3
DH-1
JASO M355
9 Oils with adequate detergency & dispersancy provide better fuel
economy than low quality oils.
9 The effect on fuel economy is dependant on operating conditions
such as load, speed, traffic road, engine revolution etc.
Source : Hino Motors
Test Conditions
Soot
Soot Increasing
Viscosity
Viscosity Increasing
Low Quality Oil
Relative Fuel
Consumption
-Truck Weight : 25 tons, city driving conditions, 10W-30
Fuel Economy Rate
1.0
0.94
Low Quality Oil
6%
Adequate Detergency
Dispersancy Oil
Mileage
Effect on Fuel Economy of Higher Quality Oils
- An example of Japanese dispersancy field tests -
43
DH-1
Cleaning : 4
JASO M355
Sludge & Deposit
Oil Consumption,
Sticking Rings,
Scuffing
Possibility of
Engine Damage
( Piston, Piston Ring )
Poor Detergency, Dispersancy Performance
Much Sludge & Soot Deposit on Piston Ring Grooves
44
DH-1
Anti-corrosion : 1
JASO M355
Engine oil prevents corrosion
of engine parts from corrosive
material caused by oxidation
Acid
TBN
TBN
TBN
TBN
Prevent from corrosion
Metal
45
Anti-corrosion : 2
DH-1
JASO M355
Off Lead (Pb)
Scuffing
Possibility of
Engine Damage
( Bush Metal, Connecting Rod )
Poor Anti-Corrosion Performance
Acids in Poor Oil are Corrosive to Metals.
46
Anti-corrosion : 3
DH-1
JASO M355
Scuffing
Possibility of
Engine Damage
Deeply Corroded Bearing
Source : SAE Paper : 2006-01-3439
Poor Anti-Corrosion Performance
Bearing Corrosion due to Oil Oxidation in used oil
47
DH-1
Operation Conditions and Durability : 1
JASO M355
High viscosity
（like as Honey）
Engine Oil is operated under hot to cold climates for long period.
Low viscosity
（like as Water）
Engine oil must keep suitable Performance & Viscosity
under wide temperature for long time.
48
DH-1
JASO M355
9 Multi-grade oils provide better fuel economy than mono-grade oils.
9 The effects vary according to operating conditions such as load,
speed, traffic road, engine revolution etc.
•- Mileage: 150k km/year on highways
•- Fuel Cost: JPY100/liter
Source:
SAE F&L Division, Steering Committee for Asia
1
1.00
0.96
0.93
Relative Fuel
Consumption
•Test Conditions
•- Truck Weight: 20 tons
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
#30
10W30
15W40
Annual Fuel Cost (Million JPY):
Annual Effect (Million JPY):
4.60
Base
4.28
0.32
4.41
0.19
Annual Effect (US$) :
Base
3200
1900
US$1 = JPY100
Effect of Multi-grade Oils on Fuel Economy in the Japanese Market
49
DH-1
JASO M355
9 Multi-grade oils provide better fuel economy than mono-grade oils.
9 The effects vary according to operating conditions such as load,
speed, traffic road, engine revolution etc.
Fuel Consumption L
120
Source : Idemitsu
8.3%
100
Annual Effect : US$ 5431
80
US$1 = JPY100
60
40
DH-1 10W30
20
CD 30
0
0
100
200
Mileage km
300
•
Test Conditions
•
•
•
- Truck Weight : 20 tons
- 84% for highway driving
- 16% for city driving
400
Effect of Multi-grade Oils on Fuel Economy in the Japanese Market
50
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine oil works
for engine protection
for long time.
It needs many kind of performances.
We recommend suitable Performance &
Viscosity for engine oil.
51
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
52
DH-1
JASO M355
History of
Diesel Engine Oil Specifications
The diesel engine oil specifications have the history of 60 years or more.
Region Application
USA
Europe
All Diesel
Except
2 Cycle
1940s
API CA
1950s
API CB
1960s
1970s
API CC
API CD
1980s
CCMC D
Light-Duty
CCMC SHPD
Japan
Light-Duty
2000s
API API API API API API
CE CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4 CJ-4
Heavy-Duty
Heavy-Duty
1990s
ACEA E
ACEA B
ACEA
A/B and C
JASO DH-1
JASO
DH-2
JASO
DL-1
53
DH-1
JASO M355
Automotive Diesel Engine Oil Standard
(JASO M355:2008)
JASO
Application
Fuel Sulfur
DH-1
Trucks & Buses *
~ 500ppm ~
Japan NST, Euro II&III
DH-2
Trucks & Buses
<50ppm
Japan NLT **, Euro IV&V **
DL-1
Passenger cars
<50ppm
Recommendation should be depended on OEMs.
* Technically applicable to passenger cars
** Required after-treatment devices (DPF, de-NOx catalyst etc)
54
JASO DH-1
Performance Requirements
- JASO M355:2008 -
DH-1
JASO M355
Test
Items
Test Method
Piston Deposit Control
Nissan Diesel TD25
JASO M 336-98
Mitsubishi Fuso 4D34T4
Valve Train Wear
Engine
JASO M 354-2005
Test
Mack T-8A
Soot Control
ASTM D5967
Sequence. IIIF/IIIG
Oxidation Stability
ASTMD5533/D6984
Hot Tube Test
Hot Surface Deposit Control
JPI-5S-55-99
Foaming Tendency
Anti-foaming
JIS K 2518:2003
NOACK
Volatility
Laboratory
JPI-5S-41-2004
Test
Cummins HTCBT
Corrosiveness
ASTM D6594 & D130-94
HTHS
Shear Stability *
ASTM D6278
Chemical
Limit
Performance Criteria
TGF ≤ 60.0 %
Ring Sticking: All Free
Avg ≤ 95.0 μm
Max ≤ 210 μm
≤ 0.2
= API CH-4
≥ 7.0 at 280°C
Seq. I & III: 10/0
Seq. II: 50/0
≤ 18.0
= API CH-4
Stay in Grade
Seal Compatibility
CEC-L-39-T-96
= ACEA E
Base Number
JIS K 2501 or
ASTM D4739
≥ 10
* for multi-grade oils (No requirements for mono-grades)
55
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Test - Piston Deposit Control
(JASO M336-98 )
Nissan Diesel TD25
2.5L In-line 4 IDI
Test Condition 4,300rpm Full Load 200 hours
Pass Criteria TGF; 60.0% max
Piston ring sticking; Free
Test Engine
Slight Carbon
Heavy carbon
Fresh Piston
Source: JALOS
56
DH-1
Piston Detergency Performance
JASO M355
( JASO M336-98 )
- JASO Precision Test Results -
Top Groove Fill (vol%)
DH-1 oil has much better Detergency Performance than CG-4 for Japanese
OEM Engine.
100
90
80
Pass Criteria
( 60.0% max. )
70
60
max.
50
mean
40
30
20
min.
10
0
Good
REO
(n=9)
Border Line
REO
(n=39)
REO : Reference Engine Oil
USA
Commercial
Oil (CG-4)
(n=2)
DH-1
On filed
Oil
(n=68)
57
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Test – Valve Train Wear
(JASO M354-2005 )
3.9L In-line 4 DI
Test Condition 3,200rpm Full Load 160 Hours
Pass Criteria Average cam nose wear; 95.0 μm max
Max cam nose wear; 210 μm max
No Pitting
Test Engine
No Pitting
Source: JALOS
Pitting
58
Valve Train Wear Performance
DH-1
JASO M355
(JASO M 354-2005)
- JASO Precision Test Results -
DH-1 oil has much better Valve Train Wear Performance than CG-4
for Japanese OEM Engine.
Normalized Average
Cam Nose Wear (μm)
300
max.
250
mean
200
min.
150
Pass Criteria
( 95.0μm max.)
100
50
0
DH-1
USA
REO
REO
REO
Commercial On filed
Oil (CG-4)
Oil
(n=7)
(n=4)
(n=36)
(n=2)
(n=68)
REO : Reference Engine Oil
Good
Border Line
Poor
59
DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Test – Soot Control
(ASTM D5967 )
Mack T-8A
12.0L DI
Test Condition 1,800rpm 258kW load 150 hours
Pass Criteria Viscosity Increase(100-150hours); 0.2 mm2/s/h max
Test Engine
Viscosity Increase by Soot
(Oils after Engine Test)
CD class
JASO DH-1
60
Soot Dispersancy
DH-1
JASO M355
(Mack T-8A Data)
Pass
Criteria
Viscosity @100C mm2/s
KV100 Increase
0.2 max.
2
mm /s/hr
JASO
DH-1
API CD
0.05
0.40
50
JASO DH-1, 10W-30
API CD, 15W-40
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Test Duration hr
120
140
61
DH-1
JASO M355
Laboratory Test – Hot Surface Deposit Control
(JPI 5S-55-99 )
Glass Test Tubes
Thermocouple
Test Method
Hot Tube Test
Test Condition 280 °C, 16hours, 0.3ml/hr
Pass Criteria Merit rating; 7.0 min
Heat
Insulator
Aluminum
Block
Heater
JASO DH-1
Sample
Sample
Oil
Oil
CD class
Air
62
Hot Surface Deposit Control
DH-1
JASO M355
(Hot Tube Test Results)
• This method was adopted for the hot surface deposit
control such as a turbocharger.
Hot Tube Test Rating
(280 C)
The pass criteria based on test results of popular oils in the markets,
Japan and USA etc..
10
max.
8
6
Pass Criteria :
7.0 min.
mean
4
2
min.
0
API CD ( n=7 )
JASO DH-1 ( n=12 )
63
DH-1
JASO M355
Chemical Limit – Base Number
(JIS K2501 or ASTM D4739 )
Test Method Base Number
Pass Criteria JASO DH-1; 10.0 mgKOH/g min
JASO DH-2; 5.5 mgKOH/g min
JASO DH-1 oils are advantageous to API oils in view of anti-corrosion
performance. (Corrosive wear on cylinder liners, bearings, etc.)
DH-1
CI-4
CH-4
Pass Criteria for DH-1
10.0 min.
CG-4
4
6
8
10
12
14
Base Number(ASTM D4739)
,mgKOH/g
64
DH-1
JASO M355
Automotive Diesel Engine Oil Standard
(JASO M355:2005)
JASO
Application
Fuel Sulfur
DH-1
Trucks & Buses *
~ 500ppm ~
Japan NST, Euro II&III
DH-2
Trucks & Buses
<50ppm
DL-1
Passenger cars
<50ppm
Recommendation should be depended on OEMs.
* Technically applicable to passenger cars
** Required after-treatment devices (DPF, de-NOx catalyst etc)
65
DH-1
JASO M355
Difference in Requirement
– JASO DH-2 vs. DL-1 –
After-treatment devices require low SAPS
Truck & Bus
Need to avoid excessively
lowered Sulfated-Ash in keeping
appropriate
TBN level
Secure Oil Drain
Interval for
• OilDuty
DrainTruck/Bus
Interval
Heavy
Passenger Diesel Vehicle
• Need fuel economy
• Higher oxidation stability
• Anti-Corrosion Performance
DH-2
DL-1
Sulfated-Ash: 1.0±0.1 %
TBN: 5.5 min
Sulfated-Ash: 0.6 % max
Fuel Economy : ACEA B1
Oxidation Stability : GF-3
66
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO DH-2/DL-1 specification
JASO
Nissan Diesel TD25
Engine
MACK T-8 / 8E
Tests
SEQ.IIIE / IIIF
MB M111
SAE J300
CEC L-36
ASTM D892/D6082
Bench
CEC L-39
Tests
CEC L-40
JPI 5S-55
ASTM D5968 / D6594
ASTM D874
JIS K2501
Chemical ASTM D4739
Limits ASTM D2622 / D5185
ASTM D5185
ASTM D6443
DH-1
2
2
2
2
DH-2
2
2
2
2
-
-
XW-20,XW-30
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
-
1.0±0.1
5.5 min
0.5 max
0.12 max
150 max
0.6 max
0.5 max
0.10 max
150 max
10.0 min
-
DL-1
2
2
2
2 *
2
Detergency
Valve train wear / Soot handling
Soot handling / wear
Oxidation / wear
Fuel Economy
Viscosity grade
Viscosity(HTHS)
Foaming
Oil/elastomer compatibility
Noack volatility
Hot surface deposit control
Corrosion(HTCBT/CBT)
Sulfated ash, mass%
Base number, mgKOH/g
Sulfur, mass%
Phosphorus, mass%
Chlorine, ppm
* Severe passing criteria
67
DH-1
JASO M355
Composition of Engine Oils
Additives are formulated to ensure engine oil performance
Engine oil works for engine protection.
Corrosion Inhibitor
Viscosity Improver
Detergent
Anti Foam Agent
Additives
Oxidation
Inhibitor
Dispersant
Base Oil
Oiliness Agent
Rust Inhibitor
Pour Point
Depressant
Anti Wear Agent
Additives which leaves Ash after combustion
68
DPF Pressure Gap Increase
DH-1
JASO M355
Pressure Gap Increase
kPa
When sulfated ash contents were higher, the DPF
pressure gap increased gradually.
Gas
Out
Gas
In
15
LOC=24 to 30 g/hr
10
DPF Cells
Wall Through Type
Source: NGK
DH-1
S-Ash = 1.70%
Accumulated
Sulfated Ash
on DPF Cells
5
S-Ash = 1.31%
0
DPF Cross Section
S-Ash = 0.96%
0
200
400
試験時間
hr hr
Running
Time
600
DPF Pressure Gap : DPF Pressure Gap between Inlet and Outlet by Exhaust Gas
Source : JCAP Official Report PEC-2003JC-01
69
DH-1
JASO M355
Summary
for JASO DH-1, DH-2 & DL-1
JASO has 3 specifications for Diesel Engine Oils
•DH-1; for high sulfur fuel region
•DH-2; for low sulfur fuel (<50 ppm) region with DPF for trucks and buses
•DL-1; for low sulfur fuel (<50 ppm) region with DPF for passenger cars
• Development cost of JASO DEO are less expensive than
API/ACEA.
• JASO DEO specifications are the most suitable oils for
Japanese trucks, buses and light duty diesel vehicle &
passenger cars
• JAMA expects the current specifications live on for many
years… beyond 2010.
JASO DH-1 is currently the most suitable engine oil
for Japanese diesel vehicles in your country.
70
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
71
DH-1
JASO M355
What is JASO On-file System?
• A quality management system for JASO engine
oil standards
• Operated by the “JASO Engine Oil Standards
Implementation Panel (JEOSIP)” composed by
the relevant industrial organizations with engine
oils in Japan.
• Economical system compared with EOLCS (US)
and EELQMS (EU) with reasonable effectiveness
• Aiming to protect end-users and lubricant
suppliers from fake oils
72
DH-1
JASO M355
Organizations Relative to the System
LEMA
LEMA
JAMA
JAMA
(define
(define needs)
needs)
JBIA
JBIA
OEMs
JASO
JASO Engine
Engine Oil
Oil Standards
Standards
Implementation
Implementation Panel
Panel
(parts supply)
Oil / Additive
Suppliers
(run testing)
JSAE
JSAE
(develop
(develop tests
tests
and
and
classification)
classification)
PAJ
PAJ
(system
(system support)
support)
JAST
JPI
LEMA : Land Engine Manufacturers Association
JBIA : Japan Boating Industry Association
JAMA : Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association
JALOS
JALOS
(Secretariat
(Secretariat of
of
On-File
On-File System
System
and
and REO
REO supply)
supply)
PAJ : Petroleum Association of Japan
JPI : Japanese Petroleum Institute
JAST : Japanese Society of Tribologists
73
DH-1
JASO M355
Outline of the On-File Process
Application
“Submitters”
(Oil Marketer)
(OEM)
(Additive Co.)
• Phys/Chem Properties
• Engine/Bench Test Data
• Product Information
• Submitter’s Information
• Written Consent
On-File Notice
JASO Engine Oil
Standards
Implementation
Panel
(Entrusted to JALOS)
(If no problem)
Self-Certification
Market Monitoring
023 ABC 456
DH-1
Oil Code on the
Product Label
End Users
Check
On-File
Product List on
the Web
74
DH-1
Items to be Submitted
for the Filing System
JASO M355
Items
Administrative
Information
Engine Test
Results
2T
Diesel
- Company Name - Contact Person - Contact Address
- Product Name - Viscosity Grade - Performance Grade
- Oil Code - Letter of Consent
- Lubricity - Detergency
- Smoke - Blocking
Rig Test Results
Phys./Chem.
Properties
4T
- TD25 - Mack T-8A/E or 11
- 4D34T4 - Seq. IIIF or G
- Wet Clutch Friction
- Phys. Properties
- Elemental Analysis
- IR Chart
- Corrosion Test
- Hot Tube Test
- Phys. Properties
- Phys. Properties
- Elemental Analysis - Elemental Analysis
- IR Chart
- IR Chart
Initial Filing Fee
JPY 40,000
JPY 40,000
JPY 40,000
Maintenance Fee
NA
NA
JPY 30 x Sales Vol. (KL)
Market
Monitoring
Yes
Yes
Yes
75
DH-1
JASO M355
Labeling & Oil Code
(Example)
Country Number
Seller Code
Control Number
Category Code
Oil Code Number
Performance
Classification
ABC Oil Corporation
76
DH-1
JASO M355
An Example of Logo Mark
77
DH-1
JASO M355
JEOSIP Web Site (http://jalos.or.jp/)
Copyright(c) 1999-2008 Japan Lubricating Oil Society. All Rights Reserved.
78
DH-1
JEOSIP Web Site
(Example)
JASO M355
JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel
[ Filed Diesel Engine Oil List ]
Brand Name
Submitter Name
Oil Code
Classification
Viscosity
Grade
1
Super Diesel HH
ABC Oil Corporation
D023ABC456
DH-1
15W40
2
Super Diesel XT
ABC Oil Corporation
D023ABC457
DH-2
10W30
3
Ultra Diesel Oil
Ultra Lube Oil Co., Ltd.
D081ULC001
DH-1
15W40
4
EXTRA LUBE DH-1
World Lubricants Co., Ltd.
D001WLC010
DL-1
10W30
End-users can check if the products labeled with JASO symbol mark
are listed in the Engine Oil Lists published on the JEOSIP’s Website
79
JASO On-filed Oils by Year
(2000 to 2007)
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO DH-2 / DL-1 oils for DPF compatibility going up since 2005 in Japan
250
The amount of on-filed oils
NLT Regulation in Japan,
200
150
DL1-05
Engine equipped DPF
DH2-05
2
DH1-05
1
DH1-00
53
50
58
0
80
93
99
92
69
8
10
105
112
112
2005
2006
2007
3
100
7
10
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
Source : JALOS Annual Report
80
DH-1
JASO M355
Advantages of the On-File System
• Rather simple and economical system with
reasonable effectiveness
• Easy to understand for end users on the
selection of suitable diesel engine oil
• Oil marketers will be protected from
malignant suppliers through market
monitoring by the QM system
81
DH-1
JASO M355
Expense of Engine Tests for Approval
ACEA & API are three times as expensive to run tests.
ACEA
USD($)
E7
API
E9
CI-4 plus
CJ-4
JASO
DH-1&2
#
#
Nissan Diesel TD25
OM501LA
OM602A / OM646LA
Cummins ISM
Cummins ISB
MACK T-12
MACK T-11
MACK T-8A
MACK T-8E
Cat 1N
Cat 1R
Cat C-13
RFWT
EOAT Aeration Navistar
SEQ IIIE / IIIF /IIIG
45,000
49,000
131,000
52,000
94,000
74,000
118,000
75,000
39,000
79,000
28,000
67,000
163,000
13,000
8,000
35,000
Total
USD($)
474,000
%
282
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
470,000
517,000
608,000
168,000
278
308
362
100
82
Cost Comparison of QM Systems
DH-1
JASO M355
Initial Registration Fee
Initial Registration Fee
3,000
Annual
Fee
AnnualMaintenance
Maintenance Fee
3000
JEOSIP
2,500
2500
EOLCS (API Member)
US$
EOLCS (non-API Member)
2,000
2000
1,500
1500
1,000
1000
500
500
0
0
JEOSIP
EOLCS
(API)
EOLCS 0
(non-API)
2,000
4,000
6,000
Production Volume, KL
8,000
83
DH-1
JASO M355
On-File Continuation
• The on-file status is renewed annually.
• "On-file Continuation Fee":
– must be paid depending on the amount of
volume sold by each application submitter
(not by each product).
– is to be used for market monitoring, etc.
84
DH-1
JASO M355
Market Monitoring
• “Market Monitoring Panel” conducts
market survey on:
– Physical & chemical property
measurements
– Bench & engine tests
• Oils not meeting DH-1 requirements /
registered data is to be requested for
improvement.
85
DH-1
JASO M355
Japanese OEM’s Recommendation
(Owner’s Manual Examples)
86
DH-1
JASO M355
Japanese OEM's recommendation
(Owner's Manual Example)
Mitsubishi Fuso Heavy Duty Truck for Thailand
87
DH-1
JASO M355
Nissan diesel
for Heavy Duty Truck
88
DH-1
JASO M355
Hino Motors for Heavy Duty Truck
√ JASO DH-1 or DH-2 depending on the Emissions Regulations & the Fuel
Sulfur Content are recommended.
√ API CD & CE Grades are deleted from the Owner’s Manual in the future.
89
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
90
DH-1
JASO M355
Biodiesel is a Global Phenomena
91
DH-1
JASO M355
Trend of FAME-blended diesel fuel
Country
FAME
Contents
(Max)
Germany
France
Other Europe
U.S.A
B7
B7
B5
B5
FAME
Major Source
Remarks
Rape seed
B6.25 mandate in 2009, Severe oxidation stability
Rape seed
B6.25 mandate in 2009, Severe oxidation stability
Rape seed
Soy
B2 mandate, Minesota plus other 3 states
Palm
B1 to B5 are sold at the limited service station
Indonesia Investigating
B5
Palm
B2 mandate, B5 is sold on the market
Thailand
B5
Palm, Catfish 50K tons of B5 sales is planned in 2010
Vietnam
Japan
B5
Any, Cooking oil No actual sales
Malaysia
B5
Palm
India
B5
Jatropha
Australia
B5
Tallow
New Zealand
B5
Tallow
92
DH-1
JASO M355
How Much Biodiesel Do the HD OEMs Allow?
Japanese OEMs
• Japanese OEMs allow up
to B5
– As far as it meets the
Japanese B5 regulation
– FAME blend stock is also
required to comply with
B100 guideline spec.
• WWFC B100 Guidelines
(to be published soon)
– Oxidation stability is the most
important property
• Induction period of minimum
10 hours is required.
Regulation of FAME Blended Fuel in Japan
Items
Level
Sulfur
Cetane Index
T90
10 ppm max
45 min
360 ℃max
FAME content
5 mass% max
Methanol
Trigriceride
TAN
Individual Organic Acid
Oxidation Stability (Acid)
0.01 mass% max
0.01 mass% max
0.13 mgKOH/g max
30 ppm max *
0.12 mgKOH/g as growth
* Total of Formic, Acetic and Propionic acid
http://www.jama.or.jp/eco/wwfc/pdf/WWFC_B100_Guideline_June_2008.pdf
93
OEM Biodiesel Concerns and Unknowns
DH-1
JASO M355

Fuel System
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Injector deposits
Fuel filter plugging
Injection pump durability
Materials incompatibility
Fuel Instability
Low temperature handling
May reduce detergency
and anti-foam properties
of fuel additive
packages
Emissions Systems
z
z
z
Impact on after-treatment
devices and sensors
Impact on NOx emissions
Lower BTU
content/fuel economy
Lubricant Performance
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Fuel dilution
Corrosion
Viscosity increase
Oxidation
Piston Deposits
Sludge Deposits
Wear
94
DH-1
JASO M355
Crankcase Fuel Dilution With Biodiesel
Surface Tension
30
25.4
25
22.5
Properties of Biodiesel lead to higher fuel dilution
levels than mineral diesel
Diesel – Normal droplet size
20
15
Diesel
RME Biodiesel
Specific Gravity
0.874
0.852
0.8
Diesel
RME Biodiesel
Viscosity, cSt @ 100°C
3
2.4
2
Larger fuel spray
droplet size
Biodiesel – Increased droplet size
1.3
1
0
Diesel
RME Biodiesel
95
DH-1
JASO M355
Crankcase Fuel Dilution With Biodiesel
Higher and narrower boiling range of biodiesel makes it more
persistent once it enters the crankcase
Some OEMs have reported 15 to 20% fuel dilution at oil drain
Some OEMs reduce drain intervals when biodiesel is used
400
Narrow Boiling Range of
Biodiesel
Temperature, °C
350
300
250
200
RME Biodiesel
150
Mineral
100
50
0
10%
50%
90%
Percent of Fuel Evaporated
96
Normal
DH-1
Damage
JASO M355
Example of engine failure
from the use of FAME
(B100, Used cooking oil ME)
Deposit & Plugging on the Oil Strainer
Sludge & Deposit in
the Oil Pan Sump
Seizure Wear on Bearings
Source: Japan Lubricating Oil Society (JALOS) 97
DH-1
JASO M355
Lubrication Aspects
TGF,%
100
80
60
40
Nissan Diesel TD25
Detergency Tests
20
JASO M336-98
0
No BDF = Test Oil
15% RME = 15% neat RME was
blended in the Test Oil
Source : Japan Auto Oil Program
0
Base Number
Decrease
No BDF
Metal Content
ppm
Test Oil; JASO DH-2, 10W30
Pass Criteira
15% RME
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
80
60
Pb
Cu
40
20
0
No BDF
15% RME
98
DH-1
JASO M355
Lubrication Aspects – Pb Corrosion
Cummins HTCBT Corrosion Test
2000
Pb, ppm
1500
ASTM D6594
JASO DH-1
API CD
1000
500
0
1.5% RME
7.5% RME
(15% fuel dilution with B10)
(15% fuel dilution with B50)
Source : Japan Auto Oil Program (JATOP)
99
Summary
DH-1
JASO M355
• Engine Builders and Fuel System Suppliers currently restrict the use of
biodiesel during warranty periods
– Japanese OEMs allow up to B5
• Biodiesel properties make it more likely to enter and stay in the
crankcase as fuel dilution
• Oxidation of biodiesel in the crankcase oil leads to higher levels of
deposits and lead corrosion
• Use of biodiesel can lead to lubrication issues
– High and persistent fuel dilution
– Oil oxidation and bearing corrosion
– Piston deposits
• JASO DH-1 oil gave better oxidation stability and corrosion protection
than API CD oil on the study of Japan Auto Oil Program
– JASO specification requires Oxidation Stability (SEQ.IIIF/IIIG)
– JASO specification requires 10 minimum of Base Number
– JASO specification requires Corrosion Protection (HTCBT)
– It’s important to keep adequate Oil Drain Interval even JASO DH-1 oil
• Further studies are needed to determine safe and appropriate biodiesel
use levels
100
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
101
DH-1
JASO M355
Japanese OEM
Requirements for ATF
Yasushi Ando
ATF WG Leader in JAMA
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
102
DH-1
Japanese OEM Requirements for ATF
JASO M355
1) Background
2) ATF for Japanese Cars
3) JAMA’ s Requirement for ATF
4) Summary
103
DH-1
Background
JASO M355
1.There are many brand-new Japanese cars
equipped with the newest AT (Automatic
Transmission) in every place of Asian market.
Lexus 8 speed AT ,One of the newest ATs
104
Background
DH-1
JASO M355
2.Those cars need higher quality ATF to
make full use of its performance.
(i.e. torque converter lock up clutch
continuous slipping control)
3.Therefore, JAMA (Japan Automobile
Manufacturers Association) requires high
performance ATF standard.
105
DH-1
JASO M355
1) Background
3) JAMA’s Requirement for ATF
4) Summary
106
DH-1
ATF for Japanese Cars
JASO M355
Many Car Manufactures in Japan
TOYOTA, NISSAN, HONDA,
MAZDA, MITSUBISHI, SUZUKI,
DAIHATSU, SUBARU, , ,
HINO, ISUZU, MITSUBISHI FUSO,
NISSAN DIEDEL
All of these are the member companies of
JAMA.
Japan Automobile Manufacturers
Association Inc.
107
DH-1
JASO M355
Each car maker has its own genuine parts
ATF and the in-house ATF specifications.
TOYOTA
NISSAN
HONDA
MAZDA
MITSUBISHI
DAIHATSU
SUBARU
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
DⅡ, ＴⅣ, WS
Matic-D, Matic-J, Matic-S
ATF-Z1
M5
ATF-2, ATF-SPⅢ
D3-SP
F6
(Blue letter shows the newest ATF)
108
DH-1
JASO M355
What is ATF?
Why so many genuine parts ATFs?
109
DH-1
JASO M355
Do you have to prepare and stock
so many kinds of ATFs
for Japanese cars?
Yes!
It is best for Japanese car
to use the genuine parts ATF
to make full use of its performance.
110
DH-1
JASO M355
If you use wrong ATF, then
No
-sh
g
n
i
lt
o
J
Sh
ud
d
Ha
er
h
s
rd
ift
k
c
o
g
n
i
g
a
Eng
No
Lost drive
111
DH-1
JASO M355
What is ATF?
ATF is ａｌｍｏｓｔｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ like bｌｏｏｄ!
If you lose your blood, you must die.
If you are injected a different type of blood
into your body, you maybe die.
AT is the same!
Please choose a correct type of ATF,
or you will kill your car.
112
DH-1
JASO M355
1) Background
4) Summary
113
DH-1
JAMA’s Requirement for ATF
JASO M355
The Technical Advantage of Japanese ATs
･Low Fuel Consumption
= High Efficiency
･Good Shift Quality
･High Reliability
These advanced performances demand
high performance ATFs
114
DH-1
JAMA’s Requirement for ATF, in Other Words
JASO M355
JAMA’s Requirement
for ATF
DEXRON R ･ MERCONR
=
DEXRON®-III
+
JAMA 5 Requirements
MERCON®
+
JASO
=
M315- 04
JAMA 5 Requirements
115
DH-1
JAMA’s Requirements for ATF & Test Methods
JASO M355
JAMA 5 Requirements
Item
Purpose
Test Method
Anti-Shudder
Durability
To prevent shudder
for life when TCCS is
at work
JASO
M349-01
Plate Clutch Friction To maintain good
2
Characteristic
shift feeling for life
JASO
M348-02
1
3
Shear Stability
To minimize
leakage for life
4
De-Foaming
Characteristics
To prevent ATF loss
through AT breather
5
Aniline Point
To avoid rubber
swelling
JASO
M347
ASTM D892
JASO
M315-04
116
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO M315-02
Specification Class 1
Test Item
Color
Density
Specifications
Test Method
６．０ - ８．０
JIS K 2580
０．８２－０．９００
ｇ/ｃｍ3 JIS K 2249
Flash point °C
Above １７０ °C
JIS K 2265
Fire point °C
Above １８５ °C
ASTM E 659
Kinetic viscosity
Viscosity Index
Report
40 °C
100 °C Above ５．７ mm2/s
Above １２０
Pour Point °C
Copper Corrosion
Brookfield Viscosity
Oxidation
stability
JIS K 2283
Below －４０ °C
JIS K 2269
Below
JIS K 2513
２
Report
-20 °C
-30 °C ≦ ５０００ mPa･s
-40 °C ≦２００００ mPa ･s
TAN increase 2.0 mgKOH/g
Viscosity increase rate Below 20%
Compatibility of materials
JIS K 2283
ASTM D 2983
JIS K 2514
Report Item
Element Analysis
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Chlorine
Barium
Boron
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Zinc
Neutralization
number
Total Base No.
Total Acid No.
Wear prevention
Resin
Test
Method
JIS K 2541
JIS K 2609
ASTM
D 808
ASTM
D 4951
JIS K 2501
JPI 5S-32
Rubber
Miscibility
JIS K 2269
117
DH-1
JASO M355
a) Good Anti-Shudder Property
b) Anti-Shudder Durability for Life
c) Low Viscosity
d) Good μ Characteristics for Wet Clutch
e) Good μ Stability for Wet Clutch
f) Hi Shear Stability
h) Anti-Oxidation Property
j) Good De-foaming Characteristics
k) Good Materials Compatibility
JASO M315- 04
118
DH-1
JASO M355
1) Background
4) Summary
119
DH-1
Summary
JASO M355
1. The Japanese ATs need genuine parts ATF
or superior ATF in both anti-shudder
durability and frictional characteristics.
And these important properties are specified
in JASO M315.
M315
2. Please select and choose a correct ATF type
to make the car better in fuel economy, to drive
comfortable, not to kill the AT.
And please remember ATF is always
transforming with the progress of the AT
technology.
120
DH-1
JASO M355
Thanks
&
Any Questions?
Yasushi Ando, TOYOTA
121
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
122
DH-1
JASO M355
HYDRAULIC FLUID SPECIFICATIONS
FOR CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
Fuel and Lubricant Technical Committee
Japan Construction Mechanization Association (JCMA)
123
DH-1
JASO M355
Outline
– Hydraulic Fluid Trends
– Needs for the New Specifications
– JCMAS Specifications
• Categories
• Physical / Chemical Requirements
• Laboratory Bench Test Requirements
• Rig Performance Test Requirements
– Quality Management System
– Summary
124
DH-1
JASO M355
Hydraulic Fluid Trends
• Higher Pressures
– Mobile equipment now at 300 bar, moving to 450 bar
• Smaller, Lighter Equipment
– Reduced fluid volumes
– Less residence time for cooling
• Higher Fluid Operating Temperatures
– 80 °C common for mobile equipment
– 100+ °C peak temperatures
• To be More Friendly with Environment
– Soil / Water / Air / Noise
Improved
Improved Fluids
Fluids are
are Required
Required
125
DH-1
JASO M355
Changes in Mobile Pump Pressure
126
DH-1
JASO M355
Failure Examples of Komatsu HPV35+35
Piston Pump (1)
Scratched Cylinder Block
Scuffed Cradle Bearing
Normal Surface of
Cylinder Block
Corroded Cylinder Block
Cavitation and Wear
of Cylinder Bore
Copper Transfer on
Mating Rocker-Cam
127
DH-1
JASO M355
Failure Examples of Komatsu HPV35+35
Piston Pump (2)
Worn Piston Shoes
Scuffed Big Servo Piston
Pitting of Bearing
Lacquer on Servo Piston
Caused Flow Reduction
Oil Deterioration
Scuffed Piston Shoes
128
DH-1
JASO M355
Needs for HF Specification by End-Users
z 75% of Japanese end-users; general contractors, repair shops and
rental companies, require a new hydraulic fluid specification.
z Main focus of Japanese end-users requesting HF specification is
improvement in hydraulic system durability.
Others
17%
Do not Care
Mixing
2%
Negative
(24%)
Small Number
of Machine
6%
Others
9%
Limited Stock
Capacity
5%
Avoid Miss-Filling
9%
Easier Inventory
Management
22%
N = 94
Need Common
HF Specification
(75%)
Longer Oil Drain
Interval
27%
N = 94
Easier
Maintenance
18%
Extended
Durability of
Hydraulic
Equipment
73%
Cost Reduction
12%
a) Need Common Specification ?
b) Specification Target ?
129
DH-1
JASO M355
Working Scheme for the Development
of New Standards
JCMA
SAE
• F & L Div.
• St. Comm. Asia
• HF Working Group
•
Machinery Division
• F & L Tech. Comm.
JFPA
PAJ
JALOS
130
DH-1
Membership of JCMA F&L Tech. Committee
JASO M355
Name
Organization
Genroku Sugiyama
Hitachi Construction Machinery
(Chair)
Satoshi Ohkawa
Komatsu Ltd.
Atsuhiko Hirosawa
Komatsu Ltd.
Yutaka Touji
Kobelco Construction Machinery
Keiichiro Yamamoto Kubota Corporation
Toshimitsu Kobayashi Caterpillar Japan
Hiroshi Ishiyama
Sumitomo Construction Machinery
Hiroyasu Kodera
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Masato Nagao
Tadano Ltd.
Shiro Yoshida
Mitsubishi Heavy Industry
Takahisa Moriuchi
Hitachi Construction Machinery
Tomoki Ando
Kayaba Industry
Shinichi Mitsumoto
Nippon Oil Corporation
(Vice Chair)
Idemitsu Kosan
Yoshitaka Shiraga
Hirohiko Ootsu
Showa Shell Sekiyu
Jun Fujii
Cosmo Oil Lubricants
Japan Energy Corporation
Noriyuki Naganuma
Akihiro Mochizuki
Chevron Japan
Hitoshi Hamaguchi
Evonik Degussa Japan
as of December 2008
Type
Construction
Machinery
Category
Users
(63%)
Component
Lubricants
Producers
(37%)
Additives
131
DH-1
User Language for JCMAS HK
JASO M355
JCMAS Hydraulic Oil Category HK describes oils for use in
hydraulic system of all the construction equipment.
HK oils are effective to use in hydraulic systems designed to
pressurize up to 34.3MPa (5000psi) and to heat oil up to 100
degrees Celsius. HK oils are divided into four categories by
viscosity and low temperature fluidity. These oils provide
performances controlling wear, oxidation, rust, and seal swelling.
In addition, lubricating performance of these oils confirmed by a
high-pressure piston pump test, a high-pressure vane pump test
and a friction test.
Since drain interval and required performance in every hydraulic
system are diversified, HK oils can be used by following
individual
construction
equipment
manufacturer’s
recommendation.
132
DH-1
JASO M355
JCMAS Hydraulic Fluid Specifications
- Category, Grade and Viscometric Properties JCMAS
Classification
Code
HK
Single Grade
VG32
Operating Temperature
ISO Viscosity Grade
HKB
Normal Climate
Grade
Multi Grade
VG46
VG32W VG46W
> - 5℃
> - 25℃
> - 20℃
VG32
Cold Climate
Grade
VG46
> - 5℃
VG32L
VG46L
> - 25℃
> - 20℃
VG32
VG46
VG32
VG46
VG32
VG46
VG32
VG46
K. Viscosity at 40℃, mm2/s
32 ± 3.2
46 ± 4.6
32 ± 3.2
46 ± 4.6
32 ± 3.2
46 ± 4.6
32 ± 3.2
46 ± 4.6
K. Viscosity at 100℃, mm2/s
5.0 min.
6.1 min.
5.3 min.
6.8 min.
5.3 min.
6.8 min.
5.3 min.
6.8 min.
120 min.
90 min.
Viscosity Index
Pour Point, ℃
-
- 18 max. - 15 max. - 39 max. - 30 max. - 18 max. - 15 max. - 39 max. - 30 max.
Report
-
-
Low Temperature
at - 10℃
Viscosity, mPas
at - 20℃
-
-
5000 max.
-
-
5000 max.
at - 25℃
-
5000 max.
-
-
5000 max.
-
(Brookfield)
Shear Stability *,
% Viscosity Loss at 100℃
-
10 max.
-
* Sonic Shear Stability Tests: Either ASTM D 5821 or API-5S-29
133
DH-1
JASO M355
JCMAS Hydraulic Fluid Specifications (Cont.)
- Physical / Chemical Properties -
HK
HKB
Density, g/cm3
-
Report
Color (ASTM)
-
Report
Requirements
Flash Point, ℃
Foaming
(Tendency /
Stability), ml
Report
at 24℃
50 / 0 max.
at 93.5℃
50 / 0 max.
at 24℃ after 93.5℃
50 / 0 max.
Aniline Point, ℃
90 min.
-
Acid Value, mgKOH/g
-
Report
Water Content, ppm
-
1000 max.
Biodegarability (28 Days), %
Environmental
Acceptability Acute Fish Toxicity
(96h, LC50), mg/l
60 min.
-
100 min.
134
DH-1
JASO M355
- Laboratory Bench Test Requirements Requirements
Oxidation Stability, AV Increase
(TOST: 95℃, 1000h), mgKOH/g
HK
HKB
1.0 max.
-
Copper Corrosion (100℃, 3h)
1 max.
Rust-Preventing (Procedure B)
Elastomer
Compatibility
[NBR]
(100℃, 240h)
Elastomer
Compatibility
[HNBR]
(120℃, 240h)
Elastomer
Compatibility
[AU]
(120℃, 240h)
Change in Hardness, Grade
Change in Tensile Strength, %
Change in Elongation, %
Change in Volume, %
Change in Volume, %
Change in Volume, %
Copper Weight Loss, mg/cm2
Copper Color Change
AV Increase, mgKOH/g
Filterability (JCMAS P043), min.
Hydrolytic
Stability
(95℃, 48h)
Pass
- 25 min.
- 50 max.
- 50 max.
+ 30 max.
-5/+5
- 30 max.
- 30 max.
-5/+5
Pass
- 40 / + 10
- 5 / + 70
- 60 / + 20
- 65 / + 20
-8/+8
- 5 / + 15
- 15 / + 20
- 15 / + 20
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report
-
135
DH-1
JASO M355
- Mechanical Rig Test Requirements Requirements
HK
Load Carrying Capacity, Weld Load
(JPI-5S-32: 4-Ball Method), N
Wear Preventive Properties, Scar Diameter
(JPI-5S-40: 4-Ball Method), mm
Load Carrying Capacity (DIN 51354-3: FZG A/8, 3/90),
stage
High Pressure Piston Pump Test
(JCMAS P044: Komatsu HPV35+35)
High Pressure
Piston Pump Test
(JCMAS P045: Bosch
Rexroth A2F-10)
Viscosity Increase Ratio, %
1235 min.
0.6 max.
8 min.
Pass (Flow Rate,
Wear, Used Oil
Properties)
or
10 max.
AV Increase, mgKOH/g
10 max.
2.0 max.
2.0 max.
Sludge (0.8μ Fliter), mg/100ml
10 max.
10 max.
Copper in Used Oil, mass-ppm
-
report
Vane Pump Test
Ring Wear, mg
(ASTM D6973:
Vickers 35VQ25, 150h) Vane Wear, mg
Vane Pump Test
(ASTM D2882:
Vickers V104C, 100h)
HKB
Ring Wear, mg
75 max.
-
15 max.
or
120 max.
50 max.
Vane Wear, mg
Friction Characteristics
(JCMAS P047: Micro Clutch Test), μ
Friction Characteristics
(JCMAS P047: SAE No.2 Clutch Test ), μ0
30 max.
or
0.08 min.
0.07 min.
136
DH-1
JASO M355
Organizations for JCMA On-File System
JCMA
JCMA
Send
member
(define
(define needs
needs
and
and
develop
develop tests)
tests)
PAJ
PAJ
(system
(system support)
support)
JFPA
JFPA
(comment
(comment on
on
test
test and
and limit)
limit)
JCMA
JCMA Lubricants
Lubricants Standards
Standards
Implementation
Implementation Panel
Panel
Oil / Additive
Suppliers
(run testing)
Component
Suppliers
(parts supply)
Hydraulic
Hydraulic Fluid
Fluid
Steering
Steering Committee
Committee
(review
(review // promote
promote specifications
specifications
and
and publish
publish manuals)
manuals)
JCMA : Japan Construction Mechanization Association
JFPA : Japanese Fluid Power Association
JALOS
JALOS
(Secretariat
(Secretariat of
of
On-File
On-File System
System
and
and REO
REO supply)
supply)
PAJ : Petroleum Association of Japan
JALOS : Japan Lubricating Oil Society
137
DH-1
Summary
JASO M355
– Hydraulic fluid specifications for construction machineries
(JCMAS HK/HKB) have been developed
– JCMAS HK is anti-wear type mineral based HF designed for
high pressure / temperature applications
– JCMAS HKB is ester based biodegradable HF
– English version of the specifications and test procedures
are available
– A quality management system has been implemented since
2007
– For more details, please visit
http://jalos.or.jp/
138
Abbreviations
DH-1
JASO M355
•
•
JCMA
JCMAS
Japan Construction Mechanization Association
JCMA Standards
(Construction Machinery in Japanese)
•
•
•
•
HK
HKB
GK
GKB
Hydraulic fluid specification for Kenki
HK with Biodegradability
Grease specification for Kenki
GK with Biodegradability
•
•
•
•
JFPA
PAJ
JALOS
SAE
Japanese Fluid Power Association
Japan Lubricating Oil Society
Society of Automotive Engineers
139
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
Summary
Discussion
140
DH-1
JASO M355
Summary
(1) Improving the quality of engine oils helps to achieve
environmental protection and global warming
reduction.
(2) Engine oil works for engine protection.
(3) JASO Standards for Japan-brand-engines.
> DH-1 ………… For High Sulfur Fuel Markets with below Euro III
> DH-2 / DL-1… For DPFs with less 50 ppm S fuel & beyond Euro IV
(4) JASO On-file System is:
> oil quality management system
> economical system compared with EOLCS and EELQMS
> to protect end-users and lubricant suppliers from fake oils
(5) Detail information of JASO Standards available at
http://www.jalos.or.jp/
http://www.bookpark.ne.jp/jsae/book_e.asp
141
Contents :
DH-1
JASO M355
Introduction
- Engine Technology
JASO Standards
Break 20’
Other Topics
- Hydraulic Fluid Standards for Construction Machinery (JACMAS)
Summary
Discussion
142
DH-1
JASO M355
ACEA
AN
API
ASTM
ATF
BDF
BN, TBN
B5
CEC
CO
CO2
CR
CRDEO
DI
DOC
DPF
ECU
EELQMS
EGR
EOLCS
EPA
EU
FC
F&L
FAME
HC
HD
HTHS
IDI
JALOS
JAMA
JASO
JATOP
JBIA
JCAP
JCMAS
JEOSIP
JIS
Abbreviations
Association of European Constructors of Automobiles
(Total) Acid Number
American Petroleum Institute
American Society for Testing Materials
Automatic Transmission Fluid
Bio Diesel Fuel
(Total) Base Number
5% FAME blended diesel fuel
Coordinating European Council
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Common Rail (System)
Continuously Regenerating
Diesel Engine Oil
Direct Injection
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Diesel Particulate Filter
Electronic Control Unit
European Engine Lubricant Quality Management System
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System
Environmental Protection Agency
European Union
Fuel Consumption
Fuels & Lubricants
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Hydrocarbon
Heavy Duty (Truck)
High Temperature High Shear
Indirect Injection
Japan Lubricating Oil Society
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
Japanese Automobile Standard Organization
Japan Auto Oil Program
Japan Boating Industry Association
Japanese Clean Air Program
Japan Construction Mechanization Association Standards
JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel
Japanese Industrial Standards
JP05
JP09
JPI
JPN
JPY
JSAE
JAST
KV
LEMA
LD
MCMO
ME
MD
NA
NEDO
NLT
NOx
NST
NSR
OEM
PAJ
PCMO
PEC
PM
QM
REO
RME
S-Ash
SAE
SCR
SOF
TGF
TI
U.I.
U.P.
US
VG
WWFC
Appendix 1
New Long Term exhaust emission regulation in Japan
Post New Long Term exhaust emission regulation in Japan
Japanese Petroleum Institute
Japan
Japanese Yen
Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan
Japanese Society of Tribologists
Kinematic Viscosity
Land Engine Manufacturers Association
Light Duty (Truck)
Motorcycle Motor Oil
Methyl Ester
Medium Duty (Truck)
Natural Aspirated (Engine)
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
New Long Term (Regulation)
Nitrogen Oxides
New Short Term (Regulation)
NOx Storage Reduction (Catalyst)
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Passenger Car Motor Oil
Petroleum Energy Center
Particulate Matter
Quality Management
Reference Engine Oil
Rapeseed Methyl Ester
Sulfated Ash
Society of Automotive Engineers
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Soluble Organic Fraction
Top Groove Filling
Turbo Intercooled (Engine)
Unit Injector
Unit Pump
United States
Variable Geometry Turbo
World Wide Fuel Charter
143
DH-1
JASO M355:2008
JASO M355
Items
Unit
Piston
Detergency
DH-2-08
DL-1-08
－
－
XW-30,
XW-20
60.0 Max.
60.0 Max
60.0 Max
All free
All free
All free
Merit
Rating
Report
Report
Report
μm
95.0 Max.
95.0 Max
95.0 Max
Valve Train
Wear
Protection
vol%
Piston Ring Stickings
Deposits on Ring Lands
Average Cam Diameter Loss
(Normalized at 4.5 mass %
Carbon Residue Increase)
Maximum Cam Diameter Loss
(Normalized at 4.5 mass %
Carbon Residue Increase)
DH-1-05
Viscosity Grade
TGF(Top Groove Fill)
Appendix 2
Test
Method
SAE J300
JASO M 336
JASO M 354
210 Max.
210 Max
210 Max
No pitting
No pitting
No pitting
mm2/s/h
0.2 Max.
0.2 Max.
0.2 Max.
ASTM D 5967
μm
Cam Surface Wear
Soot
Dispersancy
Viscosity Increase (100～150H)
@100℃
High
Temperature
Oxidation
Stability
Viscosity Increase@40℃ or
％
200 Max.
200 Max.
－
ASTM D 5533
Viscosity Increase@40℃(60H)
％
295 Max.
295 Max.
－
ASTM D 6984
Viscosity Increase@40℃(80H)
％
－
－
275 Max.
ASTM D 6984
144
DH-1
Hot Surface
Deposit Control
Anti-foaming
DH-1-05
DH-2-08
DL-1-08
Test
Method
％
－
－
2.5 Min.
CEC-L-54-T-96
＠280℃
Merit
Rating
7.0 Min.
7.0 Min.
7.0 Min.
JPI-5S-55-99
SequenceⅠ
mL/mL
10/0 Max.
10/0 Max.
10/0 Max.
SequenceⅡ
mL/mL
50/0 Max.
50/0 Max.
50/0 Max.
mL/mL
10/0 Max.
10/0 Max.
10/0 Max.
mL/mL
－
－
100/0 Max.
ASTM D 6082
18.0 Max.
18.0 Max.
15 Max
JPI-5S-41-2004
Items
Fuel Economy
Appendix 3
JASO M355:2008
JASO M355
Unit
Fuel Economy Improvement
SequenceⅢ
Foaming/
Stability
High
Temperature
Anti-foaming
SequenceⅣ
Volatility
Evaporation Loss@250℃
mass %
JIS-K-2518:2003
145
DH-1
JASO M355:2008
JASO M355
Items
Anti-corrosion
Unit
Sulfated Ash
Base Number
DH-1-05
DH-2-08
DL-1-08
Test
Method
Copper
mass ppm
20 Max.
20 Max.
20 Max.
Lead
mass ppm
120 Max.
100 Max.
120 Max.
Tin
mass ppm
50 Max.
50 Max.
50 Max.
3 Max
3 Max
3 Max
ASTM D 130
XW-30: 8.6
Min. XW-20:
Stay-ingrade of
virgin oil
viscosity
classificatio
n in J300
ASTM D 6278
Discoloration of Copper
Coupon after Test @135℃
Shear Stability
(NOTE 4)
Appendix 4
Kinetic Viscosity of Oil after
Test@100℃
mm2/s
mass %
mgKOH/g
Stay-in-grade of virgin
oil viscosity
classification in SAE
J300
－
10.0 Min.
ASTM D 6594
1.0±0.1
0.6 Max.
JIS K 2272 1998
5.
5.5 Min.
－
JIS K 2501 2003
8.
－
－
ASTM D 4739
Phosphorus
mass %
－
0.12 Max.
0.10 Max
JPI-5S-38-2003
Sulfur
mass %
－
0.5 Max
0.5 Max
JIS K 2541 2003
5.
mass ppm
－
150 Max
150 Max
JPI-5S-64-2002
Chlorine
146
JASO M355:2008
DH-1
Appendix 5
JASO M355
Items
Hardness Change
DH-1-05
DH-2-08
DL-1-08
Point
-1～+5
-1～+5
-1～+5
RE1
Tensile Strength Rate of Change
%
-40～+10
-50～+10
-40～+10
(Fluoro)
Elongation Rate of Change
%
-50～+10
-60～+10
-50～+10
Volume Rate of Change
%
-1～+5
-1～+5
-1～+5
Point
-5～+8
-5～+8
-5～+8
Hardness Change
RE2-99
%
-15～+18
-15～+18
-15～+18
(Acrylic)
%
-35～+10
-35～+10
-35～+10
%
-7～+5
-7～+5
-7～+5
Point
-25～+1
-25～+1
-25～+1
Hardness Change
Seal Compatibility
Unit
RE3
%
-45～+10
-45～+10
-45～+10
(Silicon)
%
-20～+10
-20～+10
-20～+10
%
-1～+30
-1～+30
-1～+30
Point
-5～+5
-5～+5
-5～+5
Hardness Change
RE4
%
-20～+10
-20～+10
-20～+10
(Nitrile)
%
-50～+10
-50～+10
-50～+10
%
-5～+5
-5～+5
-5～+5
AEM
(Ethylen
e
Acrylic)
Hardness Change
Test
Method
CEC-L39-T-96
Point
%
%
%
Per agreement between
concerned parties
147
Position of JASO Standards
DH-1
Appendix 6
Global and Historical
JASO M355
Color Fuel Sulfur
> 500 ppm
< 500 ppm
< 50 ppm
< 15 ppm
Oil specifications are reflected in both emission
regulations and fuel specifications.
API
CD…obsolete CF
CF-4
CG-4
CH-4
CI-4
Trucks & Buses
Engine Oil
Specifications
CJ-4
PC-11
ACEA
ACEA 1996
ACEA 1998
ACEA 1999
ACEA 2002
ACEA 2004
Why DH-1 ?
ACEA 2007
ACEA 2008
JASO
VTW Problem
Needed
with CGCG-4 in
New Std.
Japanese Engine
1990
Emission
Regulations
U.S
Japan
DH-2/DL-1
2000
90 91
Europe
DH-1
94
Euro I
ST
2002
98
Euro II
< 50ppmS Fuel
and DPF
04
Euro III
LT
New ST
2010 Year
07
10
Euro IV
Euro V
New LT
Post NLT
Euro VI
148
- Engine Tests JASO DH-1 has less numbers of Engine Tests than API / ACEA .
DH-2
DH-1
CJ-4
CI-4 plus
CH-4
#
#
CG-4
#
#
CF-4
#
#
CF
#
#
JASO
API
CD
E9
OM501LA
OM602A / OM646LA
Cat 1G2
Cat 1K
Cat 1M-PC
Cat 1N
Cat 1P
Cat 1R
Cat C-13
Nissan Diesel TD25
Cummins M11
Cummins ISM
Cummins ISB
Mack T-12
MACK T-11
MACK T-9
MACK T-8A
MACK T-8 / 8E
Cummins NTC400
SEQ IIIE / IIIF /IIIG
CRC L-38 / SEQ VIII
RFWT
EOAT Aeration Navistar
E7
ACEA 2008
E6
JASO M355
API, ACEA & JASO Diesel Oil Specifications
Appendix 7
for Trucks & Buses
E4
DH-1
General performance
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Piston Cleanliness
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
VTWear, Filter P, Sludge
VTWear
Ring, Liner, Bearing Wear
#
#
#
#
#
#* #*
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Oil cons / wear
Oxidation / wear
# #
Bearing corrosion
Wear
Dearation
* Either MACK T8A, T8E or T11
149
Appendix 8
DH-1
JASO M355
API, ACEA & JASO Diesel Oil Specifications
for Trucks & Buses
- Laboratory Tests CD
CE
CF
CF-4
CG-4
CH-4
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
DH-1
DH-2
E9
#
#
#
#
#
CJ-4
E7
#
#
#
#
#
CI-4 plus
E6
SAE J300
CEC L-36 /ASTM D4683
ASTM D892/D6082
CEC L-39 / ASTM D471
ASTM D3945
ASTM D874
ASTM D5185
ASTM D5185
ASTM D4739/D2896
JPI 5S-55
CEC L-85
ASTM D5968 / D6594
JASO
API
E4
ACEA 2008
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Viscosity grade
Viscosity(HTHS)
Foaming
Oil/elastomer compatibility
Shear stability
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
(Noack) Volatility
#
Sulfated ash
#
Phosphorus
#
Sulfur
#
Base number
#
# Hot surface deposit control
Oxidation(PDSC)
Corrosion(HTCBT/CBT)
#
150