ablactate

Parent Infant Psychotherapy I
Assessment of the Problem
Reason for
Consultation
Motivation
Risk to Child
Factors in
the Child
Presenting
Complaint or
Symptoms
Other Findings
Factors in the
Relationship: This
Child and This Parent
Diagnosis of
Problem.
Zero to Three
Relationship
Factors in the
Parent
Factors in: Social Milieu. Extended Family. Cultural Factors
Parent Infant Psychotherapy II
Formulation of Treatment Needs
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What Needs to Change
What Should Ideally Change
Child’s Resources and Strengths
Parent’s Resources and Strengths
Therapeutic Contract
Formulation of Treatment Plan
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Motivational Factors
Realistic Limitations (Time, Distance, Work, Etc.)
Initial Phase—Middle Phase—Termination
Parent Infant Psychotherapy III
Techniques
Combination of therapeutic modalities-interventions
Family
Therapy
Influences
Developmental
Psychopathology
Psychodynamic
Influences
Play
Therapy
Cognitive
Behavioral
Psychiatry
Parent Infant Psychotherapy IV
Family Therapy Influences
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Joining
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Frequency
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Focus on Observable Behaviors
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Ethological Observation-Interaction
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Family Myths and Transgenerational Patterns
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Conceptualization of Systems. Mutual Influences
Parent Infant Psychotherapy V
Psychodynamic Influences
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Empathy vis-à-vis the Child
Promotion of Reflective Self in the Parent. Theory of Mind
About the Child
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Exploration of Ghosts. Fantasmatic Interactions.
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Parental Working Model of Parent
Parental Working Model of Child
Parental Working Model of Self
Projective Identification. Pressures Toward Child
Corrective Attachment Experience. Interpretation.
Transference and Countertransference Analysis.
Parent Infant Psychotherapy VI
Developmental Psychopathology Influences
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Normality Vs. Psychopathology
Assessment of Development of Child
Charting Course of Treatment According to Developmental Lines
 Circles
of Communication
 Relatedness
 Use of Language
 Development of Imagination. Symbolic Play
 Representational Play
 Expression of Range of Affects
 Moral Development
Parent Infant Psychotherapy VII
Behavioral Cognitive Therapy Influences
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Recording Behavior. Journals.
Use of Positive Reinforcements.
Changing Behavioral Interactions and Contingencies
Positive Parenting Approaches
Suggestion
 Cognitions and Attributions in the Parent.
 Assignation of Meaning to Infant’s Behaviors
 Teaching About Child Development and Normative Events
Parent Infant Psychotherapy VIII
Influence of Psychiatry. Child and General.
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Recognition and Treatment of Maternal Depression
Use of Medication and Other Techniques
Recognition and Treatment of Anxiety Disorder.
E.G. Panic, Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety
Recognition and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in
Parent. May Include Medication
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Recognition of Personality Disorder. Treatment Approaches
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Eating Disorder
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Other Psychopathologies
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—1
Epidemiological Significance of Problem
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Failure to Thrive. Organic-Nonorganic
After Effects of NICU. Nasogastric Tube
Food Refusal
Food Selectivity
Mealtime Behavior Problems
Regurgitation-Merycism
Conflicts Around Feeding-Eating
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—2
Procedural Algorithm
History of Problem
Presenting
 Physical Assessment of Child
Problem
 Rule Out Current Medical Condition or Rule
in Infant
It in and Take Into Account
Ideal Weight. Real Weight. Body Mass
 Feeding Diary.
Intake. Amount
Consistency
Variety. Flavors. Odors
 Assessment of Infant
Cognitive–Fine Motor–Social Relation–Sensitivities, Oral Mucosa
to Odors, Self-Regulation Abilities. Other Problems
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Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—3
Procedural Algorithm
Problem
in Infant
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Assessment of Parental
Status
Account of Problem. Perception, Reality
Appraisal of Infant by the Parents
Flexibility. Maneuvers to Help Child Before
Meaning of the Problem for the Parent
If History of Eating Problem, Meaning of Food
If Parental Difficulties. Characterological Style Depression,
Etc.—Treatment
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—4
Procedural Algorithm
Assessment of Parent-Infant Relationship
Evaluation
 Of Feeding Relationship
 Eating in the Family
 Relationship As a Whole
Reciprocity, Mutual Attention
and Responsiveness. Overall
Pleasure or Joy. “Conversations”
Between Parents and Child. Fit
Between Expectations and
Reality
Tool or Method
 Feeding Situation
 Home Visit. Home Observation
of Feeding
(or Videotape of Meal)
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Observation of Play Interaction
Other Methods
(Attachment, Parent-Infant
Relationship Scale, Play, a Task, Etc.)
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—5
Intervention
Diagnosis
Appraisal
of Child, Parent
and Relationship
Specifically Designed
Procedure to Address
Problems in All Three
Areas If Present
Inclusive Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—6
Therapists
Expectations
Parent’s Concerns
Expectations
Wishes
Fantasies
Distortions
Preoccupations
Goals
Infant
Acceptable
Range
of
Change
Vulnerabilities
(Physical, Sensitivities)
Self-Regulatory Ability
Social Relatedness
Interest in Food
Preferences
Experience
Learning Style
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—7
Recording
Eating Diary
Recording Of
Vomiting, Regurgitation
Food Refusal
Time Taken for Meal
Type of Food
Consistency
Amount
Behavioral
Weight Gain
Interventions
Feedback to Parents
Of Gradual Improvement
Recapitulation
and Progression
Small Amounts
Softer Consistencies
Gradual Increase in
Consistencies
Gradual Increase in Variety
Exposure to New Flavors,
Odors, Etc.
Reduction of Sensitivities
Aid in Self-Regulation
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—8
Parental Conceptions
Fantasmatic Interactions
Exploration
Early History
Parent Relationship to Own Parents
Parent Relationship to Food
Body Image. Attractiveness
Psychodynamic
Interventions
Forging of New
Feeding Relationship
And Parent-Child
Relationship
Meaning of Feeding Projections
Projective Identification
in Child
Decrease Focus on Feeding
Increase Focus on Other Interactions
Play Time. Floor Time
Promote Social Exchanges
Pleasurable Interactions and Play Interactions
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—9
Establish Therapeutic Alliance-Contract
Assess Motivation for Change
Who Participates. Include Father, Extended Family If Appropriate
Family Therapy
Intervention
Focus on Relationship
Systemic Point of View
Explore and Work
on Family Myths
Regarding Food,
Body Size, Birth
Order, Gender, Etc.
Frequency of Sessions
Strategic Interventions. Feasible, Acceptable to Family
Focus on Behaviors
Parent Infant Psychotherapy
Feeding and Eating Disorder—10
Development of Food
Acceptance Patterns
Parental Reflective
Understanding of Child’s
Struggle and Predicament
Development Of
Feeding Skills
Developmental
Psychology
Point of View
Development Of
Sensitivities And
Self-Regulation
Development of
Autonomy, Need for
Control
Parental Empathy
Social Perspective
Parenting Style
Issues of Control vs. Respect
Occupational
Therapy
Engagement in Symbolic
Representational Play Between Parent
and Child. Therapist Models
Transcultural Infant Mental Health. Latin-America
Indian Health Beliefs
European/Spanish Health Beliefs
Influence of Magic
Emphasis on Scientific
Role of Shaman or Curandero
Role of Physician, Health System
Environmental Threats
Air
Cold Vs. Hot
Spirits
Evil Eyesight
Eclipse
Fright, Strong Emotions
Infectious Agents
Toxic Agents
Metabolic Diseases
Mental Illness
Emotional Disturbance
Behavioral Disturbance
Transcultural Infant Mental Health. Latin-America
Indian
Belief
System
Syncretic
System
Health Beliefs
Nosology Therapies
European
Spanish
Belief
System
Transcultural Infant Mental Health. Latin-America
The Care of Infants
Color Red. Against Evil Eye
Precautions
Against Cold Air. Cold Foods
Avoidance Cold Foods Lactating
Mother
Avoid Strong Emotions. Fright
Emphasis on Contentedness
Cleansing of the Baby Against
Negative Influences
Transcultural Infant Mental Health. Latin-America
Cultural/Historical Roots of
Health Beliefs and Practices
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Marginalization of Indian Population
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Level of Education
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Poverty
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Traditional Society. Interdependence
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High Infant Mortality. High Birth Rate. Short Life Expectancy
Influence of Indian Religious Ideas. Predestination
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Nosology–Culture-Bound
Mal De Ojo (Evil Eye)
Manifestations
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Difficulty to Settle to Sleep
Waking up in the Night
Excessive Fussing or Crying
Child Appears Sad
Eyes Reddened
May Have Digestive Problem
Caused by Heavy Eye Sight or
Envy Due to Child’s Beauty
Intervention
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Prevention. Avoid Long-standing
Looking or Admiration. Or Touch
Child or Child’s Hear
Choral Reef
Bracelet of Eritrina Americana
Ojo de Venado (Seed)
Infusion to Drink
Cleansing of Evil Eye (Epasote, etc.)
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Care During Pregnancy
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Environmental Threats. Eclipse (Wear
Metal Object)
Hot State. Avoid Cold Foods
Lifting of Objects
Strong Emotions, Particularly Anger and
Fright Should Be Avoided
Sexual Intercourse
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Care at the time of birth
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Aztec. Compared to Act of Heroism or Status of
Warriors
Positioning. Women Are Present
Burial of Placenta. Later on of Umbilical Cord (Roots)
Caution Against Cold Foods
Caution Against Drafts of Cold Air
Forty Days of Vulnerability
Foods to Promote Production of Milk
Transcultural Infant Mental Health. Latin-America
Conditions in Latin-America
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Degree of Control Over One’s Own Future Health,
Work, Education, Life Expectancy, etc.
Scarcity of Medical Care, Facilities
Self-Help Methods of Seeking Help
Herbs Market, Herbs Expert and Folk Remedies
Before Physician
External Damages vs. Internal Conflicts
No Psychological Explanations
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Parent Child Interactions
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Constant Contact With Mother (or
Substitute Woman)
Very Few Separations During Early Years
Soothe Immediately When Crying, Pickup
More Playfulness With Siblings
Importance of Child’s Own Attributes,
Preferences, Uniqueness or Destiny
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Precautions for Infant
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Concern About Standing up Too Soon (Back, Spine,
Legs, Fallen Fontanelle, Fall of Other Supports)
Concern About Cutting Hair, Cutting Nails
Promote Eruption of Teeth. Promotion of Walking
Through Folk Remedies
Aztec Concepts of Physiology
Bones
As Center of Soul
Umbilicus As Center of Body
Joints As Points of Penetration of Air, etc.
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
The Care of Infants
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Breastfeeding Day and Night
On demand
No schedule
Soothing of the baby
(Breast Feeding). Ablactation.
Carrying. Avoidance of Cry
Carrying and Lactation for Years
Importance of Meals. Social Event. Manifestation of Love
Co-sleeping.
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Nosology–Culture-Bound
Caida de Mollera
Sunken Fontanelle
Caida de Varillas
Manifestations
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Depressed Fontanelle
Caused by Dehydration or sudden
impression or negative impression
Standing up baby too soon
Fussiness
Excessive crying
Appears sad or anxious
May have digestive problems
Intervention
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Stand Upside Down and Strike
the Plants of Feet
Correct Sunkeness by Raising
the Hard Palate
Massage to Neck to Correct
the Varillas
Infusions. Other Massage
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Nosology–Culture-Bound
Susto
Fright
Manifestations
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Child Is Anxious, Frightened, or
Cries Excessively
Readily Cries, Readily Scared
Bruxism
Sadness, Listlessness
Spirit Leaves the Body. Other
Spirit May Penetrate?
Intervention
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Prevention. Stand Upside
Down
Feed Bread to Catch Up Bile
Avoid Some Foods
Massage With Lotion
Drink Mirto Infussin (Salvia
Microphila)
Other Calming Infusions
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Nosology–Culture-Bound
Empacho
Manifestations
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Intense or Excessive Cry
Sensitivities
Irritability
Usually in Evening
(Like Colic)
Food Has Stuck to baby's Gut Or
Food Was Decomposed
Intervention
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Try to Dislodge Food
Break the Empacho
(Skin From Back to Cause a
Reflex)
Elicit Intestine Movement
Infusion With Medicinal Herbs
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Nosology–Culture-Bound
Air
Doenza a Crianza
(Selective Neglect)
(Brazil)
Malformations
Attribution of Any
Disease or
Behavior Change
Transcultural Infant Mental Health
Some Implications
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Role of Physician or Mental Health Professional
Attributions for Emotional/Behavioral Problems in
Children
Prescriptions and Recommendations
Coexistence
of Several Belief Systems
Coexistence of Medical Cultures
Use of Folk Beliefs to Promote Changes
Respect for Traditional Beliefs
Advice Sensitive to Potential Contradictions
Take a Clear Position
Pragmatic Emphasis