Guía Didáctica del Docente
Transcription
Guía Didáctica del Docente
el Docente d a ic t c á id Guía D Rod Fricker Teacher of English as a Foreign Language Englishfor 3 Edición Especial para el Ministerio de Educación. Prohibida su Comercialización año 2012 er año de Educación Media Datos de catalogación Inglés 3er Año de Educación Media Guía Didáctica del Docente 1ª Edición Pearson Educación de Chile Ltda. 2011 ISBN: 978-956-343-176-6 Formato: 21 x 27 cm Páginas: 96 Inglés 3er Año Medio Teacher Book The adaptation of this book is published by an arrangement with Pearson Education Ltd. © Pearson Education Ltd 2007 Content development and technical-pedagogical revision: Original series: Rod Fricker Adaptation: Carmen Montes Technical-pedagogical revision: Gloria Hudson Edición y Arte K-12 Editorial Manager for Latin America: Clara Andrade Editorial Manager: Cynthia Díaz Editor: Lissette Vaillant email: [email protected] Proofreading: Christopher Czupryna Design: Equipo Editorial Layout: Isabel Olivera FIRST EDITION, 2011 D.R. © 2011 por Pearson Educación de Chile Ltda. José Ananías 505 Macul Santiago de Chile Nº de registro propiedad intelectual: 208.695 Número de inscripción ISBN: 978-956-343-176-6 “Se terminó de imprimir esta 1ª edición de 4.500 ejemplares, en el mes de xxxx del año xxxx.” All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Contents Plan of the Book ............................................................................................... 4 What’s in a Unit ...............................................................................................6 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 8 Teaching notes Refreshing our minds....................................................................................... 13 Unit 1 Love and trust ................................................................................. 14 Lesson 1.1 Lican ray ..................................................................................... 15 Lesson 1.2 Poor but happy.......................................................................... 16 Lesson 1.3 Sunshine ...................................................................................... 18 Lesson 1.4 Happily ever after ..................................................................... 19 Communication project............................................................................... 20 Language assessment ................................................................................ 22 Unit Test: tapescript......................................................................................... 22 Unit 2 (S)he ....................................................................................................... 23 Lesson 2.1 Different strokes ....................................................................... 24 Lesson 2.2 Brain balance............................................................................. 25 Lesson 2.3 Is it discrimination? ................................................................. 26 Lesson 2.4 Celebrating differences ....................................................... 27 Communication project ............................................................................. 28 Language assessment ............................................................................... 29 Unit Test: tapescript......................................................................................... 30 Checkpoint Units 1 – 2 ............................................................................... 30 Unit 3 Amazing animals .......................................................................... 31 Lesson 3.1 Those crazy humans .............................................................. 32 Lesson 3.2 All brain & no bones .............................................................. 33 Lesson 3.3 It’s a dog’s life .......................................................................... 34 Lesson 3.4 Elephants never forget ......................................................... 35 Communication project............................................................................... 36 Language assessment ............................................................................... 37 Unit Test: tapescript......................................................................................... 37 Unit 4 Keeping up-to-date ..................................................................... 38 Lesson 4.1 Is that correct? ......................................................................... 39 Lesson 4.2 Critical age ................................................................................. 40 Lesson 4.3 Write smarter ........................................................................... 41 Lesson 4.4 Walk and talk ............................................................................ 42 Communication project.............................................................................. 44 Language assessment ............................................................................... 45 Unit Test: tapescript......................................................................................... 45 Checkpoint Units 3 – 4 ............................................................................... 46 Unit 5 Success! ............................................................................................. 47 Lesson 5.1 If only… .................................................................................... 48 Lesson 5.2 Happy accidents! ..................................................................... 49 Lesson 5.3 Sometimes you win ................................................................ 50 Lesson 5.4 Be successful! ........................................................................... 51 Communication project............................................................................... 52 Language assessment ................................................................................ 53 Unit Test: tapescript......................................................................................... 53 Unit 6 Where the heart is ........................................................................ 54 Lesson 6.1 Homes, sweet homes ............................................................ 55 Lesson 6.2 A life of their own ..................................................................... 56 Lesson 6.3 Almost a ghost town............................................................... 58 Lesson 6.4 No place like home?............................................................... 59 Communication project............................................................................... 59 Language assessment ................................................................................ 61 Unit Test: tapescript......................................................................................... 62 Checkpoint Units 5 – 6 ................................................................................ 62 Classroom language......................................................................................... 63 Photocopiable resources instructions ...................................................... 64 Photocopiable resource 1 .............................................................................. 66 Photocopiable resource 2 .............................................................................. 67 Photocopiable resource 3 .............................................................................. 68 Photocopiable resource 4 .............................................................................. 69 Photocopiable resource 5 .............................................................................. 70 Photocopiable resource 6 ............................................................................. 71 Test Unit 1 ............................................................................................................ 72 Test Unit 2 ............................................................................................................ 74 Test Unit 3 ............................................................................................................. 76 Test Unit 4 ............................................................................................................ 78 Test Unit 5 ............................................................................................................ 80 Test Unit 6 ............................................................................................................ 82 Test writing tasks ............................................................................................... 84 Test speaking tasks ......................................................................................... 86 Test answer key .................................................................................................. 89 Writing assessment criteria ........................................................................ 90 Speaking assessment criteria .................................................................... 91 Irregular verbs ................................................................................................... 92 Pronunciation table ......................................................................................... 94 Websites .............................................................................................................. 95 Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 96 3 Plan of the book Unit 01 Pages Reading 10 -23 • A Chilean legend • A short story about a family • Text messages • A family argument • A phone call • An interview about a 50th wedding anniversary 24-37 • A cartoon strip about how men and women are different • Article: male and female brains • A letter to the editor • Conversations about how girls and boys are treated differently 40-53 • Article: The octopus • Pet’s views of humans 54-67 • A personal blog • Article: the first portable phones • The dangers of the Internet • Emails • Learning to use computers • An ad about a pen 70-83 • A comedian’s success story • Personal profiles • A popstar interview • An excerpt talking about how to be successful 84-97 • Travel leaflets • Article: No place like home? • Article: Graceland • Phone conversations • Article about a Chilean ghost town Love and trust 02 S(he) 03 Listening Amazing animals 04 Keeping up-to-date 05 Success! 06 Where the heart is 4 Writing Speaking Vocabulary Grammar • A Chilean legend or myth • A paragraph about some who has lived abroad • Text messages • Asking and talking about things you have experienced • Expressing opinions • Expressing cause and effect • Time adverbials: already, just, yet, ever, never • For and since • Because and so • Text message abbreviations • Past Simple vs Past Continuous • Present Perfect • Present Perfect vs Past Simple • A short summary • An opinion essay • Talking about rules and obligations •Expressing opinions • Personality adjectives • Modals of possibility, ability, prohibition and obligation • Comparison • Giving examples • Sequencing ideas • Introducing additional ideas / information • An opinion essay • Talking about things you can do • Making a short speech • Personality adjectives • Animal categories • Zero, First and Second Conditional • The imperative • Can to indicate ability and possibility • Plan a blog • An ad for an invention • A formal and informal email • Persuading someone to buy something • Discussing the pro’s and con’s of technology •Interacting in a discussion • Computers and mobile phones • Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous • A personal story of success • A personal profile • An application form • Expressing regret • Giving advice • School, work • Success, failure • Third Conditional • I Wish / If only • Prepositional phrases • Describing a place • Making phone calls • Leaving messages • Taking messages • Describing pictures • Homes and houses • Collocations • Relative clauses: defining and non-defining 5 What’s in a Unit? 1 Unit opening page introduces topic and tells instructor contents and objectives. 2 Class resources tells instructor what resources are available in addition to the Student Book. 1 Love and trust 01 Objectives objectives with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Go through the unit relationships. talk about love and d and a text message. and writing. Read, listen and legen ct when speaking one you know, a Write about some Past Continuous and Present Perfe le, Use the Past Simp relationships. rtant impo t feelings. abou Focus on talking love and respect for others and their Discuss tolerance, Topic l life Family and socia 2 Class resources Class CD urce 1 Photocopiable Reso Online dictionary Timing Objectives legends 2 hours legend. Talk about t Read a Chilean Past Simple and past Use . 1.1 Lican Ray myths and Continuous. 2 hours se discussion. practi t Read about a family y nt Perfect. 1.2 Poor but happ the use of Prese you’ve met. t Speak about some 1 hour . t Read about a family one who has left. 1.3 Sunshine t Write about some 2 hours love. Talk about a long-lasting story. Listen t after personal 1.4 Happily ever about an important of since and for. Practise the use 1 hour topics Project t Discuss Communication ages t Write text mess 1 hour t smen t Language Asses 1 hour Lesson 3 Unit plans shows lesson name, objectives, timing and OFT. OFT 3 es nts to develop attitud Encourage stude feelings. for others and their ct of love and respe unicate stand and comm in ability to under Develop confidence in English. learner autonomy tance of developing reflection Understand the impor . Appreciate the importance of and good study habitsage learning. and analysis in langu t Unit test Getting ready Ss that the unit. Remind ties before you begin in open class. If Ss are ers the following activi pages 10-11) pairs to complete assist where necessary. Elicit answ Encourage fast Ss to do (Student’s book ish. Have Ss work in ideas. Monitor and , allow them to perform it in Span and relationships. love one’s t every abou ct is ld respe This unit ing skills and that they shou due to lack of sufficient speak sh all ideas are valid this activity in Engli unable to perform it in English. 4 Teaching notes provides special difficulties, background information, culture notes and tips for warm-up, before, during, and after activities. Love and trust 1.1 Lican Ray (Student’s book pages 12-13) 4 of a Chilean legend on the topic This section gives students . love and making difficult decisions Using the culture notes are mainly designed as a reference The culture notes in the book people or for more information about te for teachers in case Ss ask However, you could also incorpora places mentioned in the book. of ways: them into the lessons in a number country 1 Comparisons with the Ss’ about discuss notes, Ss could such For example, with the culture m facts about the person’s life, different people and brainstor ents. as their major works and achievem 5 Classroom language provides expressions for giving instructions, congratulating and reinforcing. Before reading This is what they already know. t to Ss are encouraged to identify e. Careful monitoring is importan more evaluation of previous knowledg know and where they need understand what the Ss already towns that has recently started Lican Ray is one of those small resort town to a year-round lake the transition from a seasonal on open all year. Lican Ray is situated destination with businesses from n Lake about 27 kilometres the north shore of the Calafque of Pucón. The beaches are made Villarrica, and about 35 from get the South of Chile starts to black volcanic sand. Even when n Calafque Lake ing warm. Surround colder, the beach tends to stay the being one lar the most spectacu are snow capped volcanoes; Villarrica Volcano. Chica Playa to down and town The main street stretches through a park that makes up the gates of and turns and ends at the es and Playa Grande. Most business peninsula between Playa Chica in along the main street and directly and restaurants can be found was founded as a trading post, town The beaches. both front of for permanent residents, except 3,000 about are there today and n to February 28, when the populatio the period from December 15 of summer vacationers. February more that doubles with the arrival working year. All tourist services are is the busiest month of the such as boat rides around the and many activities are available rental. lake, water skiing, and Jet Ski Warm-up 01 Table; Robin the Knights of the Round example: King Arthur and of story Elicit ideas for what category Hood; El Dorado; La Llorona. legend. students to define the word old, these fall into: legends. Ask the dictionary definition: an to relevant is that Accept anything people, adventures, or magical brave about often story, well-known events. 2 Inspiring the Ss about the corresponding information ion. Where there is no obvious notes may stimulate their imaginat Ss Ss’ own country, the culture lives, than looking at real people’s As an example here, rather y of a scientist, biograph fictional a create could work together to or theories. s invention future g perhaps imaginin rk. 3 Find out more culture notes to generate homewo This is a way of using the ily brief and give only a brief The notes themselves are necessar rk task, the Ss could find out homewo a outline of the item so, as a and be encouraged to make the more from the Internet or books in display could be used for visually interesting poster that other, in present their findings to each classroom. They could also lesson. groups, at the start of the following Culture notes 14 work. to name Chilean myths and Put Ss in pairs and ask them responses. many as they can. Elicit their legends. They should list as to quickly a few people know, allow them If there are stories that only of Lican Ray. not let anyone tell the story tell the rest of the class. Do 1 Classroom Language open class. Ss share their This can be discussed in predictions and justify them. 2 2.4 Act out the dialogue! Act out the story! Ask and answer in pairs! Can you spell it? Change roles! Come to the front! Come to the front of the class! Copy this into your books! Do exercise 5 for homework! Don’t look at the book! Fill in the chart! Learn this by heart! Memorise this! Listen! Listen and say after me! Listen and repeat after me! Listen to this dialogue! Listen to the dialogue! Look! Look at this! Make two teams! Make two groups! Open your book! Close your book! Read! Read this text silently! Read the text silently! Read this text out loud! Reading paragraph of the Give Ss time to read the first 3 a partner, n. Allow Ss to check with story and check their predictio open class. before eliciting responses in that explains the origin in of sentence the find Ss In pairs, 4 is in the point out that the sentence the name Lican Ray. If needed first paragraph. the text and the Ss find the pronouns in have First 5 references to also look for other pronoun underline them. They could nding of a strategy for a better understa practise because this a good have their lesson. Chilean legends. Ss For Introducing the topic of the of some legends on the board. books closed. Write the names text. Previously to answering the are. the paragraphs where the answers 6 7 back to the text. questions, the Ss find s before going Have the Ss sequence the sentence Then they go back and check. have the students After answering the question things they to look for explanations for discuss why people tend cannot understand in nature. of the text and then the layout the on focus Ss Have the 9 the text. of text and then the source of and content to identify first the type es between a text in a magazine Have them mention the differenc a list of could say that a manual contains a section in a manual. They drawings while a text in a magazine hs. instructions, numbers and some title and it is organized in paragrap is usually illustrated, it has a 8 Read the text out loud! Repeat! Can you repeat, please? Sit down! Stand up! Sit next to Pablo! Speak! use a pen! use a pencil! Work in groups! Work in pairs! Work on your own! Work alone! Write the answers in your notebook! Excellent! Good! Very good! That’s right! OK! That’s not quite right! Try again! Well done! Be quiet please! Don’t speak Spanish! No talking! Speak English please! Work quietly please! 5 After reading with possible answers and have Ss work in pairs to come up evidence from the text. them support their titles with 10 15 63 6 6 Photocopiable unit test provides an assessment for language, listening, reading, and writing covered in each unit. 6 Test Test unit 1 ___________________ Name: _____________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Reading 1 Listening and 1.12 Listen to the conversation or F (false). 1 ___ The boy is reading an article. 1 the missing words. The Complete the sentences with you need to use. lines show you how many letters 2 answer T (true) __? 1 Have you told your wife __ __ __ celebrated their thirtieth 2 They’ve r __ __ __ __ __ __ wedding anniversary. s __ met her and we’re not 3 Don’t panic, dad! I’ve __ __ going to get married next month. __ c __ last week. Do you think 4 They haven’t phoned __ __ they are still interested? __ bought a ring for your 5 Have you a __ __ r __ __ __ 2 ___ Girls should ask boys out. equal. 3 ___ Boys and girls should be a boy out. 4 ___The girl would love to ask 4 girlfriend? the words from the box. Complete the sentences with you need. There are more words than argue teens married argument blind divorced 3 trust her about her husband, OK? 1 When she comes, don’t ask doesn’t want to talk about it. They’re _________ and she was a _______________ date 2 I met her once last week. It that Chinese restaurant on and we spent a nice evening in the corner. when she decided he was the 3 She was still in her _______ man of her dreams. with your mother, Chris. She’s 4 Don’t _______________ right and I agree with her. more. Both of them are happily 5 My sisters aren’t single any ________ and have lovely children. 5 8 5 Language 1 Read the text below and answer T (true) or F (false). 1 ___ Monica and Ian have known each other for a year. 2 ___ They don’t know when they’re getting married. 3 ___ Monica likes the ring Ian bought her. 4 ___ Monica’s parents are upset. 5 ___ Ian’s parents don’t like Monica. 6 ___ Monica has finished college. 7 ___ Ian has just started his first job. 8 ___ Ian’s parents have been married for more than 20 years. the correct form of the Complete the sentences with or Past Simple. verbs in brackets: Present Perfect (you/send) her the text message 1 ___________________ yet? _ (he/get) the piercing? 2 When _____________________ _____________ (live) in 3 After the wedding they _______ Paris for eight months. _____ (you/know) him? 4 How long ______________ Dan 5 You’re not going to believe this! (take) his girlfriend to a _______________________ means something? nice restaurant. Do you think it him? But 6 What? You want to live with ___ (not/finish) at college yet. you___________________ ______ (he/know) his 7 How long ______________ girlfriend? 7 September Dear Kate, How are you? It’s been ages since we saw each other, so I wanted to write and let you know my exciting news. Ian has asked me to marry him! As you know, we only met five months ago but we’re crazy about each other. We haven’t decided on a date yet, but he’s already bought me a ring! We couldn’t afford an expensive one – but I love it anyway! My parents are pleased because they get on really well with Ian, but his family are very upset. In fact, Ian’s fallen out with his mother and father about it. I get on quite well with Ian’s parents too but they’re worried because I haven’t finished college yet and Ian’s only just started his first job. Apparently the only person who’s pleased is his grandmother. She says that his parents were the same age as Ian (twenty) when they got married – and they didn’t have any money either. Apparently, they’ve been married for twenty-two years and they haven’t split up! Anyway, please write and tell me your news and I’ll write again soon – and of course I’ll send you an invitation to the wedding! 7 With lots of love, Monica Score Photocopiable 72 Photocopiable 7 Photocopiable speaking/writing tasks provide an assessment for speaking related to the language covered in each unit. ria ssment crite Speakingasseasssinse performance. g student’s oral ment table Fluency Visual Dictionary Online - MerriamWebster http://visual.me rriam-webster.com Discovery School http://school.disc overy.com Educational help er http://www.edh elper.com/ 8 English teaching material http://www.eslg old.com ESL teacher reso urces www.usingenglish .com/teachers.ht ml Fun Brain http://www.funb rain.com How To Learn http://www.how tolearn.com Internet Public Libra ry http://www.ipl.o rg/ nt and Task Achieveme Interaction and Appropriacy Collaboration FJTBQQSPQSJBUF tUIFMBOHVBH BOE GVMMZ BSLT JCVUFT LSFN tDPOUS IPVUUIF UPUBT UJPOT FGGFDUJWFMZUISPVH SFTQPOTFTRVFT BT JOUFSBDUJPO FMBCPSBUJPOPGJEF QPLFO Points Accuracy tDPIFSFOUT TUSVDUVSFTBOE XJUIHPPE GBXJEFSBOHFPG MZBOEDPOýEFOUMZ JOUFSBDUJPO tFWJEFODFP BQQSPQSJBUF TQFFEBOESIZUIN WPDBCVMBSZVTFE EHSBWJUZ WF tGFXPCUSVTJ JNBMJOOVNCFSBO JPOBMBOENJOPS tFSSPSTNJO tPOMZPDDBT OVODJBUJPO 5 UJPOT TIQSP IFTJUB &OHMJ XJUIFBTFGPS FSZPG tDPOUSJCVUFT tHPPENBTU EJGýDVMUJFTBOE DUJPO MCVU FYFDVUJPO TJPOB PDDB t NPTUPGUIFJOUFSB GFBUVSFT JOBEFRVBDJFTPG JPOT TUSVDUVSFTBOE OPUJDFBCMFIFTJUBU JOUIF GBHPPESBOHFPG PSMBOHVBHF tFWJEFODFP XIJDIEPOPUTUSB VMBSZ QFEF WPDBC F OPUJN MJTUFOFSPSJNQFE SFSSPSTXIJDIEP tBGFXNJOP UJPO DPNNVOJDB DPNNVOJDBUJPO QSPOVODJBUJPO 4 VMUJFTXJUITPNF FBMUXJUIJOB TUFOFSPS tNJOPSEJGýD tUBTLTBSFE POPUTUSBJOUIFMJ FGGFDUJWFMZGPS MJNJUFENBOOFS tDPOUSJCVUFT GFBUVSFTXIJDIE BUJPO DUJPO FOUBOE FJTPGUFO tGBJSMZGSFRV TPNFPGUIFJOUFSB JNQFEFDPNNVOJD tUIFMBOHVBH BCMFIFTJUBUJPOT OEFWJEFODFPG RVFOU UF OPUJDF SPSTB JSMZGSF SPQSJB FOUFS CVUGB JOBQQ S tGBJSMZGSFRV UJPOJT GTUSVDUVSFTBOEP MUJFT NBZIBWFCFFO tDPNNVOJDB tSFEJSFDUJPO SFTUSJDUFESBOHFP JOTUIF EJGýDV EPOPUQSFWFOU BDIJFWFECVUTUSB FEBUUJNFT SFRVJS TTBHF WPDBCVMBSZUIFTF JBMNF UJNFT GUIFFTTFOU MJTUFOFSBU DPNNVOJDBUJPOP UVSFTXJUINBKPS 3 QSPOVODJBUJPOGFB TUFOFSBOEPS BUUFNQUTBUUIF tPCWJPVT- tJOBEFRVBUF TUSBJOUIFMJ NBJOUBJOJOH VTJOHMJUUMF DVMU tEJGýDVMUZJO EFGFDUTUIFZNBZ VHIPVU UBTLT FETQFFDI TJPOPGEFUBJMEJGý tEJTDPOOFDU DPOUSJCVUJPOTUISP FPS BQQSPQSJBUFMBOHVBHF JPO NBLFDPNQSFIFO OHFPG SGSFRVFOU OEUPTJNQM SPSTBOEMJNJUFESB BOEP BKPSSFEJSFDU SFTQP TJDFS SFTN NBZ t FOUCB SFRVJ t EF tGSFRV UJPOCVU WPDBCVMBSZJNQF IFTJUBUJPOT TUSVDUVSFEJOUFSBD PSBTTJTUBODF OFS TUSVDUVSFTBOEPS TJO OETUSBJOUIFMJTUF E PCWJPVTMJNJUBUJPO DPNNVOJDBUJPOB XJEFTQSFB SPOVODJBUJPOBOE FTJNQFEF GSFFSTJUVBUJPOT tIFBWZ-Q GFBUVS 2 HMJTI BQQSPQSJBUF TUSBJOUIF EJGýDVMUJFTXJUI&O tMBOHVBHFJO GUIFNFTTBHFBOE FUPSFEJSFDUJPO OUSJCVUJPO DPNNVOJDBUJPOP tOPSFTQPOT QFFDIBUBMM tOPDP IPVU tOPþPXPGT UISPVH MJTUFOFS PSBTTJTUBODF OEPS TUOPTUSVDUVSFTB TQPOTFFWFOUP tIFTJUBUJPOT BMNP OPSF t TBOE BL FSSPS t NQUUPTQF O tMBDLPGBUUF TJNQMFJOUFSBDUJP WPDBCVMBSZ ODFTPGHSBNNBS JOHFOFSBM UPQSPEVDFJOTUB OVODJBUJPO 1 tOPBUUFNQU VMBSZPSQSP TUSVDUVSFTWPDBC 8 Webpages provide additional online resources for the class. 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This introduction: • describes how the course meets the needs of students and teachers • outlines the principles on which the materials were developed • describes the course and its components ENGLISH FOR SUCCESS 3 FOR STUDENTS English for Success 3 is a course for upper secondary students. It is aimed at fifteen to seventeen-year-old students. The age range has been fundamental in defining the most important features of the course. Students at this age are at the peak of their cognitive development. They learn best when they are encouraged to use discovery techniques and engage with interesting topics related to their age. In common with learners in all age groups, they need a lot of recycling to internalise and acquire the new grammar, vocabulary and functional language input, but they can also deal with big chunks of new material. Students at this age want to learn about the world. English for Success 3 has a highly educational content. It not only teaches English but also provides students with information about the culture of English-speaking countries and the world at large. It provides interesting and engaging exercises and texts that deal with citizenship issues, literature, history, geography, art, science and technology as well as the challenges of everyday life. Students at this age are young adults who want to be independent in their learning. English for Success 3 promotes maturity in its approach to learning through self-assessment strategies, topics and tasks which encourage the learner to think about what they read, rather than just respond to it. English for Success 3 provides everything students of English need to cross the border between their school life and the outside world. All English language exams now follow Common European Framework requirements, which means that they are skills-oriented with a special emphasis on communication. English for Success 3 has a very strong skills syllabus and task types from different exams are practised throughout the course. 8 ENGLISH FOR SUCCESS 3 FOR TEACHERS Lesson preparation The format of the units in the Student’s Book guarantees successful lessons. Clear headings and the logical sequencing of exercises ensure that English for Success 3 will be very easy for you to teach from with little preparation. Further support is given in the Teacher’s Book with ideas for warmups and extra activities. Evaluation and assessment Monitoring students’ progress is particularly important. Students need to be confident that they can pass the relevant tests at each stage of their learning. English for Success 3 provides you with one test per unit to assess different skills. End matter includes 6 photocopiable tests, speaking test tasks, speaking and writing criteria, with their corresponding criteria. Self assessment Self assessment activities help students become aware of what they have done throughout each unit. It also encourages them to reflect on their learning processes as they check what they have learnt and what they need to keep on working on to achieve fully. Self assessment is more usually used as part of a formative assessment process, rather than a summative one. When you have students assess themselves, it is important to listen to what they say and to take it into account in your assessment of them. One way of doing this is as follows: Get students to give themselves a mark for the term or semester in the following areas: Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary. Principles behind the course English for Success 3 is an ELT course written specifically for secondary school students. It draws from the most cutting-edge developments in ELT methodology and practise and is clear, accessible and novel. The most important features of the course concept are the following: • A controlled environment for teaching and learning • Student and teacher motivation • An interactive approach to learning • Thinking training • Memorisation techniques • An emphasis on skills • A strong focus on vocabulary input and practise • Expanding general knowledge • Building cultural awareness • A thorough revision and evaluation system • Value and attitudes related to contents The above features make English for Success 3 a very well balanced course which gives you security, and a real sense of progress to students. 1.A controlled environment for teaching and learning One of our most important aims was to publish a course where learning is very carefully monitored. A problem sometimes encountered in course books is that of un-previewed language and grammar. It can be frustrating for both you and the students when, for example, an elementary lesson on the Present Simple also contains examples of the Past Simple or even Present Perfect. Your assurances that ‘this will be covered later’ can stifle the students’ own sense of achievement. We have been very careful to avoid this in English for Success 3. We have carefully monitored the language progression and have avoided using new grammar in the skills sections. Each speaking exercise is well guided through the use of prompts and examples. The same approach has been carefully implemented throughout all the components. The second important aim was to create materials that provide methodologically sound lessons on the page. You do not need to adapt the material and no extra preparation or input is required. In other words, if you teach from English for Success 3, you will be very successful with little effort. 2.Student and teacher motivation The English for Success 3 course was designed to help you motivate students and also be very rewarding to teach from. One of the key ways of achieving this is that throughout the course there is a clear direction for learning. Unit objectives are clearly stated at the beginning of each unit. Lessons and tasks have carefully-prepared stages leading up to clear communicative outcomes. The varied unit structure, the liveliness of the presentations and exercises, and the sheer interest of the texts make the material extremely engaging. There is often an element of puzzle-solving which, added to the high quality of photos, illustrations and audio material, will add to students’ motivation and desire to learn. Most importantly, many of the presentations in English for Success 3 are amusing and thought provoking, which we hope will make the material memorable, thus promoting acquisition and learning. You and your students will often find yourselves smiling at a funny cartoon or a humorous text. The topics covered are usually familiar but with a fresh and interesting ‘angle’. We are sure that studying from English for Success 3 will be a very enjoyable experience! 3.An interactive approach to learning We believe that the unique feature of English for Success 3 is the fact that students are much more actively involved in every stage of the learning process than in other courses. The involvement is particularly transparent in the following sections of the book: Skills strategies: While other courses offer language tips about skills strategies, we give students the opportunity to experience the strategy through doing exercises that illustrate them. Students can then understand the strategies boxes (Train Your Brain) much better, and even help create them. Reading and listening skills: We believe that these sections are developed in a very involving way. They very often work like puzzles where students have to complete the reading with the missing paragraph or title, or guess the ending of the listening before they listen to the last part of it. The variety of exercises and their unique character motivate the students and help them remember the material. Speaking: As in most courses these sections include a box with the functional language highlighted. However, what is unique in English for Success 3 is the fact that all the exercises are constructed in such a way that students have to either complete the box themselves or refer to it many times, so by the end of the lesson they can use the new phrases almost effortlessly. Vocabulary sections: These are not just a selection of exercises based around a particular lexical set. They are mini lessons which very often finish with a speaking exercise in which students have to use the vocabulary they have just learnt. Grammar: The inductive approach makes the grammar presentations in English for Success 3 particularly interesting and memorable. Students analyse examples of language and arrive at the grammar rules themselves. This helps them understand and remember the rules better. Critical thinking: Before you continue… is a section to encourage students to learn critical thinking through speaking or writing assignments and problem solving. For example, students might be asked how their lives would be different if they had been born in another country or in a different time period. These thinking assignments require a student to let go of what they know of their lives and the world around them to assume a different truth or a different time period. 4.Thinking Training The key to all the techniques described above is the fact that English for Success 3 is designed in such a way that it not only teaches English for daily communication purposes, but also helps students become more independent learners. English for Success 3 provides what we call Thinking Training, which consists of: • Training in skills strategies • Training in drawing conclusions connected with grammar • Training in social skills (emphasis on communication, register, intonation) We believe that this training is fundamental for building students’ confidence and thus for their future development. 5.Memorisation techniques The Thinking Training would not be complete without memorisation techniques, which make it possible for students to remember their own conclusions about the language as well as new vocabulary and structures. The course has been developed in the light of knowledge about how the brain works. To help students remember grammar, vocabulary and new phrases, the following principles have been taken into consideration: 1.New language is always presented in context. Learners remember the interesting context, which then helps them remember the new structure or vocabulary. 2. Exposure leads to acquisition so new language is constantly revised within the unit and within the course. 9 3. There are references to the language students have already come across in the course, which are called Think Back! Students are encouraged to find the information they need in the sections of the Students’ Book that they have already covered. This activates the knowledge students already have. 4. The Language assessment sections after every unit and the Checkpoint sections after every two units help consolidate the material in all its aspects. (Language skills, pronunciation, listening, reading, speaking and writing skills) 6.An emphasis on skills In keeping with current trends in language teaching, we provide very solid skills training but at the same time, we are aware that skills cannot be practised without a solid base in vocabulary and grammar. Skills strategies training Skills training in English for Success 3 is organised in the following way: The Students’ Book covers general skills strategies such as prediction, understanding the main ideas, guessing the meaning of the new words and finding specific information. These are ‘life skills’ students will need in different situations outside the classroom, regardless of whether they are taking any language exams or not. Skills strategies’ training is not limited to simple rules in a box. Students first ‘experience’ the strategy and then complete the Train Your Brain box with the information they already have about the given strategy. For example, students only read part of the text at a time and students are encouraged to guess what will happen on the basis of titles, pictures, and their knowledge of the world, as well as clues within the text. The sequence of exercises leading up to the Train Your Brain box shows how the strategy works in a very practical way. This inductive approach to teaching skills is unparalleled in English for Success 3. Teaching Reading The reading sections present topics and language in a wide variety of text types such as notices, signs, text messages, website pages, questionnaires, reports, brochures, advertisements, letters, emails, literary extracts and journalistic material, all written in a lively style. Each reading passage is accompanied by a wide range of exercises to encourage students not only to understand what they read, but also to notice the language used. They analyse the text in detail, focusing on new vocabulary while reinforcing and building on the grammar and vocabulary they have recently learnt. Reading strategies are introduced and practised systematically and thoroughly throughout the book. There are references to them in the reading sections as well as in the revisions. Teaching Listening Listening is extensively practised in English for Success 3. There are listening sections in every unit, and shorter listening tasks in all the other Students’ Book sections, including the Communication project and Language assessment. The skills of listening are developed in English for Success 3 through a wealth of listening text types, including radio (reports, phone-in, 10 interviews, quizzes), dialogues, monologues, announcements, speeches and mini-lectures and songs. There is a wide range of task types, both for single answer, true/false, text completion, table completion, etc, and more extensive and freer note taking, with opportunities for students to compare their answers or report their findings. Listening texts mainly include standard British English and regional British accents, but some contain accents of other Englishspeaking countries such as the USA and Australia. Teaching Speaking Speaking is often the area with which students experience the most frustration. They need considerable help and guidance to improve their accuracy, but not at the expense of fluency. English for Success 3 aims to give a wide range of speaking tasks to cater for all student types and give ample, regular practise. Speaking exercises in the classroom have to be particularly easy to administer, but also be worth the effort you put in. They should have a very high pay-off with a sense of satisfaction for both you and the students. There are speaking activities in all sections of the course. The special Speaking sections introduce functional language (Speak Out), either connected with situations (e.g. giving instructions) or everyday phrases (e.g. expressing opinions). Students learn how to use these phrases in context and practise them meaningfully in dialogues. These exercises have been carefully designed so that they progress from guided to more open ones. There are speaking tasks in the revision sections to prepare students for the unit tests. Teaching Writing Writing is an essential part of the student’s competence and requires special emphasis. English for Success 3 addresses key text types, especially those required in exam situations. These include letters, notes, messages, emails, discursive and descriptive essays, reports and summary writing. The course provides both appropriate guidance and opportunities for freer practise. All types of writing are covered with a strong focus on micro skills such as punctuation, linking words and avoiding repetition in order to build and develop the overall writing skill. English for Success 3 also focuses on the communicative value of writing by making students aware of whom they are writing to. There are writing tasks in every unit. Tasks move from controlled writing activities to longer writing exercises. Students analyse the specific features of a model text by doing exercises. This leads up to a summary of the features in a Train Your Brain box. Students then write and check their own text using the Train Your Brain box to help them. 7.A strong focus on vocabulary input and practise The activation, extension and enrichment of vocabulary are essential elements of English for Success 3. The course pays attention to the revision and recycling of lexis in the belief that students at this level have particular difficulty in maintaining their fluency and need help in developing strategies for learning vocabulary. There is a strong focus on the practise of fixed and semi-fixed phrases, based on research showing that we acquire language more quickly and effectively by ‘learning in chunks’ rather than single items. New vocabulary is presented where relevant through the lessons. Mind the Trap boxes here focus students’ attention on any exceptions to the rule and areas of special difficulty. Vocabulary is consolidated and practised in the Language assessment sections. In the Pre-Intermediate level, there is a special exercise called ‘Extend your vocabulary’ where students practise the vocabulary they know as well as learn new meanings of familiar words or expressions. test the listening and reading strategies practised in the corresponding units in the Student’s Book, such as prediction, listening/reading for gist, listening/reading for specific information, matching titles with paragraphs, table completion, sequencing and gap-filling, true/false, multiple choice questions, answering questions, among others. 8.Grammar presentation and practise The productive skills, speaking and writing, are tested through tasks that are similar to those carried out by students in the corresponding unit of their book. The writing tasks are included in the photocopiable unit tests for students, together with the activities that test listening, reading, vocabulary and grammar. The indications for the speaking skills tasks that go together with the unit tests are included immediately after them at the end of the Teacher’s Book. They aim to offer students the opportunity to demonstrate, in a controlled but friendly atmosphere, their ability to use their spoken language skills effectively. The tasks are varied and they always refer to the leading theme of each unit in the Student’s Book. There are suggestions for the teacher to vary the tasks based on the same function to be evaluated. English for Success 3 provides a structured and thorough syllabus which will not create unforeseen problems or surprises. The specific contents of the syllabus are organised in a logical way, which makes grammar easier to understand. Grammar is always presented in context. The language is consolidated and practised in all sections, which is very important from the point of view of recycling and remembering new structures. Grammar is present in a variety of text types (dialogues, short reading texts and cartoons). Students first analyse examples from the texts then check if they were right by looking at the Check it out sections. Mind the trap boxes draw students’ attention to areas of special difficulty and help to pre-empt errors. This particular way of teaching grammar encourages students to analyse and come to conclusions about grammar patterns and rules. The course deals with this important area effectively, yet without labouring the point. Grammar analysis is followed by controlled practise exercises, which provide a focus on accuracy, before moving on to freer practise exercises. Grammar is consolidated and practised in the Language assessment sections after every unit. 9.Expanding general knowledge English for Success 3 has a highly educational content. Students learn, for example, about places, legends, geography, sciences, people, trends, technology, responsibility and awareness, as well as about people who have played an important role in politics, art and culture. It encourages students to discuss contemporary social issues which are relevant to their age. 10. Building cultural awareness The content of English for Success 3 is designed to represent the culture of Britain and other English-speaking countries that are multicultural and multiracial. The course also introduces characters so that students can relate to the issues easily. 11. A thorough revision and evaluation system Evaluation in English for Success 3 is very carefully planned and includes a strong link between the Language assessment and Checkpoint sections in the Students’ Book and the unit test in the Teacher’s Book. The fundamental rule is that there should be no surprises for the students, which means that they should know the format of the test well in advance. There are 6 tests among the resources in the Teacher’s Book, one for each unit of the Student’s Book. They were designed to assess the four language skills plus vocabulary and grammar in context. They An answer key to the unit tests is provided in the Teacher’s Book, but we also help teachers by providing photocopiable evaluation instruments to grade students’ ability to use their writing skills and their speaking skills effectively. Teachers will find speaking and writing assessment charts in the final pages of their Book, with a clear definition of the criteria for assessing each skill and rating scales to grade students. Also among the resources at the end of the Teacher’s Book, there are observation guidelines for teachers to evaluate their students’ performance in class throughout the year, as well as self-evaluation models which teachers can photocopy as they are or adapt according to their students’ needs for them to reflect on their learning process and assess their own progress and development. The objectives for each unit provide students with a checklist of what they should be able to do at the end of that unit. When they do this, they realise that there are things they can do which they could not do before, so they are motivated to learn more. As well as increasing motivation, selfassessment promotes independence and confidence in students. We hope that you will enjoy working with English for Success 3. 12. Values and attitudes related to contents (OFT). English for Success 3 promotes the reflexion on values and attitudes which are closely linked to the contents presented through the language and cultural aspect involved. Thus, these values and attitudes are dealt with in an integrated manner, as they can be easily inferred from the main themes and contents. 13. Spelling While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL/EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is more “correct” however, there are certainly preferences in use. In English for Success 3 we have intentionally included both variations so that students get used to more than one way of understanding and using English. 11 Symbols used xx Iistening activities using the audio CD Components English for Success 3 Students’ Book Organisation reading activities speaking activities writing activities Levels of difficulty: Level 1: Provide needed background information: activate student’s knowledge of the topic/contextualise the text; anticipate content/predict; focus learner’s recall/brainstorm/transfer previous concepts. Class CDs Level 2: Train students to consider a text in its entirety; wean students away from the tendency to translate word by word; identify type of text or information/main idea(s); create/match titles or subtitles for the text; order or sequence information; verify predictions. The recorded material is a very important feature of English for Success 3. Apart from the listening tasks in the lesson, revisions and tests, classroom language is also recorded in the CD. Level 3: Locate/match/identify specific information (real-life task); access precision of understanding; complete grids, charts, diagrams, etc.; answer questions (who, what, where, etc.); recognise cognates. English for Success Teacher’s Book mirrors the Students’ Book in its organisation and thus is very easy to navigate. The Introduction provides information about unique features of the English for success Students’ Book as well as the other course components. Each unit starts with a plan and which relates to the contents and topics with aspects such as what students will learn, timing, teaching, resources and evaluation. The teaching notes for each lesson provide methodological teacher support. It is very often the case that teachers may expect difficult questions from students about the particular grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, etc. Teacher’s Book Special difficulties section provides answers to the anticipated problems. Warm-up activities refer back to the material covered before and provide a nice start to a new lesson. Optional activities offer suggestions for the exploitation of the Students’ Book material. Level 4: Train students to use inductive reasoning, infer meaning, structures, etc.; challenge students cognitively and linguistically; focus on specific aspects of language; vocabulary, structures, discourse and sociolinguistic features; cloze-type activities; use input to anchor or consolidate language and as a springboard for other activities; discuss/debate issues raised and express own opinion; analyse point of view, style, etc 12 The Student’s Book contains 6 thematic units, each consisting of 14 pages. Each unit is divided into three lessons one of which contains a language focus, plus a writing project. At the end of the each unit there is a two-page consolidation called Language assessment which provides students with additional practise in all the skills areas as well as grammar and vocabulary. Students will be able to consolidate at home and practise techniques learnt in class. There is a self-assessment section called Checkpoint. Through the languages and skills tasks included there, students can grade themselves and later on assess their progress and decide if they need further practise. English for Success 3 Teacher’s Book Refreshing our minds Objectives Objective: Go through this section objective with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Remind them that this section does not include new content but it is a review of what they studied last year. Listen to people. Read an article about Britain’s’ multicultural society. Write a formal email. Speak about personal facts. Focus on talking about persons. Discuss tolerance and respect for others. Class resources Student’s book Class CD Lesson Objective Timing Refreshing our minds To assess language skills. OFT 2 hours Appreciate the importance of reflection and analysis in language learning. (Student’s Book pages 8-9) Megan [Welsh accent] I’m Welsh first and British second. I speak Welsh when I’m with my family. I’m very proud of our language and our Celtic traditions. But Britain’s a cool place to live – I think that the British sense of humour is the best in the world. Robert I was born in London and I live there because, well, I’m a Londoner and I don’t want to live anywhere else! But I travel around Europe very often and I meet wonderful people in every country. In fact, I believe that it doesn’t matter if you’re from England, France, Italy or any European country really. We all have the same culture and a shared history. But most of my friends in London don’t agree with me! Invest 2 class periods in these pages to both refresh the students’ memory and also to evaluate their entry level. It is recommended that the students themselves self-evaluate their performance and then discuss it with the rest of the class and the teacher. Students and teacher should provide tips on how to improve their achievement. Listening 1 1.2 Tapescript Have Ss listen before they answer the questions. CD 1 Track 2 Iman [Anglo-African accent] I have a British passport so officially I’m British. But I never say that I’m British. When people ask me I tell them I’m ‘international’, you know why? Well, two reasons really. First of all, my family comes from Somalia. And the second reason is that I think the British haven’t got a very good reputation in some countries, People think they are arrogant and when they go on holiday they always eat burgers and chips and they drink too much beer! Steve Yes, I love Britain, and I like the mix of people. It doesn’t really matter if your family comes from India or Jamaica, or if you are English, Irish or Scottish. I think that people here all get on well with each other. But personally, I’m proud to be English. I like our way of life, and I always support England in the World Cup. Adil [London-Estuary accent] My family is from Pakistan originally, and we sometimes go there on holiday, but I definitely feel British. My parents support the Pakistan cricket team, but me and my brother support the English team. I’m also Muslim and that’s very important to me. 2 1.2 Ss listen again and match speakers to their opinions. If necessary you may play the recording more than once. Reading 1 Ss read the article by themselves and work alone suggesting titles for the article. Encourage them to explain their choices. 2 Ss work alone choosing the best alternative to the exercises. Writing 1 Ss work individually writing an email. Speaking 1 Ss work in pairs preparing a short dialogue and then act it out. Monitor and assist where necessary. 13 01 Love and trust Objectives Go through the unit objectives with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Read, listen and talk about love and relationships. Write about someone you know, a legend and a text message. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous and Present Perfect when speaking and writing. Focus on talking about important relationships. Discuss tolerance, love and respect for others and their feelings. Topic Family and social life Class resources Class CD Photocopiable Resource 1 Online dictionary Lesson Objectives Timing 1.1 Lican Ray • Read a Chilean legend. Talk about legends 2 hours and myths. Use Past Simple and past Continuous. 1.2 Poor but happy • Read about a family discussion. practise OFT 2 hours the use of Present Perfect. • Speak about some you’ve met. 1.3 Sunshine • Read about a family. • Write about someone who has left. 1 hour 1.4 Happily ever after • Listen about a long-lasting love. Talk 2 hours Encourage students to develop attitudes of love and respect for others and their feelings. about an important personal story. Practise the use of since and for. Communication Project • Discuss topics • Write text messages 1 hour Develop confidence in ability to understand and communicate in English. Assessment 1 hour 1 hour Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study habits. Appreciate the importance of reflection and analysis in language learning. • Language Assessment • Unit test Getting ready (Student’s book pages 10-11) This unit is about love and relationships. Have Ss work in pairs to complete the following activities before you begin the unit. Remind Ss that all ideas are valid and that they should respect everyone’s ideas. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. If Ss are unable to perform this activity in English due to lack of sufficient speaking skills, allow them to perform it in Spanish. Encourage fast learners to do it in English. 14 Love and trust 1.1 Lican Ray (Student’s book pages 12-13) This section gives students a Chilean legend on the topic of love and making difficult decisions. Using the culture notes The culture notes in the book are mainly designed as a reference for teachers in case Ss ask for more information about people or places mentioned in the book. However, you could also incorporate them into the lessons in a number of ways: 1 Comparisons with the Ss’ country / region For example, with the culture notes, Ss could discuss about different people and brainstorm facts about the person’s life, such as their major works and achievements. 2 Inspiring the Ss Where there is no obvious corresponding information about the Ss’ country / region, the culture notes may stimulate their imagination. As an example here, rather than looking at real people’s lives, Ss could work together to create a fictional biography of a scientist, perhaps imagining future inventions or theories. 3 Find out more This is a way of using the culture notes to generate homework. The notes themselves are necessarily brief and give only a brief outline of the item so, as a homework task, the Ss could find out more from the Internet or books and be encouraged to make a visually interesting poster that could be used for display in the classroom. They could also present their findings to each other, in groups, at the start of the following lesson. Culture notes Lican Ray is one of those small towns that has recently started the transition from a seasonal lake resort town to a year-round destination with businesses open all year. Lican Ray is situated on the north shore of the Calafquen Lake about 27 kilometres from Villarrica, and about 35 from Pucón. The beaches are made of black volcanic sand. Even when the South of Chile starts to get colder, the beach tends to stay warm. Surrounding Lake Calafquen are snow capped volcanoes; the most spectacular one being the Villarrica Volcano. The main street stretches through town and down to Playa Chica and turns and ends at the gates of a park that makes up the peninsula between Playa Chica and Playa Grande. Most businesses and restaurants can be found along the main street and directly in front of both beaches. The town was founded as a trading post, and today there are about 3,000 permanent residents, except for the period from December 15 to February 28, when the population more that doubles with the arrival of summer vacationers. February is the busiest month of the year. All tourist services are working and many activities are available such as boat rides around the lake, water skiing, and Jet Ski rental. Warm-up Introducing the topic of the lesson. Chilean legends. Ss have their books closed. Write the names of some legends on the board. For example: King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table; Robin Hood; El Dorado; La Llorona. Elicit ideas for what category of story these fall into: legends. Ask students to define the word legend. Accept anything that is relevant to the dictionary definition: an old, well-known story, often about brave people, adventures, or magical events. 01 Before reading Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is evaluation of previous knowledge. Careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. 1 Put Ss in pairs and ask them to name Chilean myths and legends. They should list as many as they can. Elicit their responses. If there are stories that only a few people know, allow them to quickly tell the rest of the class. Do not let anyone tell the story of Lican Ray. 2 This can be discussed in open class. Ss share their predictions and justify them. Reading 3 Give Ss time to read the first paragraph of the story and check their prediction. Allow Ss to check with a partner, before eliciting responses in open class. 4 In pairs, Ss find the sentence that explains the origin in of the name Lican Ray. If needed point out that the sentence is in the first paragraph. 5 First have the Ss find the pronouns in the text and underline them. They could also look for other pronoun references to practise because this a good strategy for a better understanding of a text. 6 Previously to answering the questions, the Ss find the paragraphs where the answers are. 7 Have the Ss sequence the sentences before going back to the text. Then they go back and check. 8 After answering the question have the students discuss why people tend to look for explanations for things they cannot understand in nature. 9 Have the Ss focus on the layout of the text and then the content to identify first the type of text and then the source of the text. Have them mention the differences between a text in a magazine and a section in a manual. They could say that a manual contains a list of instructions, numbers and some drawings while a text in a magazine is usually illustrated, it has a title and it is organized in paragraphs. After reading 10 Ss work in pairs to come up with possible answers and have them support their titles with evidence from the text. 15 11 Working in groups, Ss discuss and then report to the class. Work it out 12 Have Ss explain when each of the verb tenses is used before they study the check it out. Check it out Once Ss have answered number 12 above elicit from them the difference between the use of the Past Simple and Past Continuous. Then they read the rule to check. Both the past simple and the past continuous refer to completed actions in the past. Most of the time when we are talking about such actions, we use the past simple. This is by far the most common way of talking about the past. I lived there for 6 years. Use the past continuous when you want to emphasize the continuity of the action. I was thinking about you the other day. When we use these two forms in the same sentence, we use the past continuous to talk about the “background action” and the past simple to talk about the shorter completed action. It was raining hard when we left the building. 13 Have Ss solve this guided exercise before they do the writing. 14 Put Ss in pairs and give them two minutes to decide which legend or myths they want to write about. If they cannot come up with one legend or myth, they could make one up. Tell Ss that the task of deciding is also a chance to practise the target language so they should do everything in English. Once they have decided what to write about, monitor and note errors. Allow 10 minutes of class time for writing. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. When they finish writing, they trade papers with other pairs to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. Before you continue... Have students respond orally or in writing to the questions in the book. You could add more questions as the ones that follow or change them for these ones: 1 Would you go out with someone from another country or culture? Why/ Why not? 2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of dating someone from another country or culture. 1.2 Poor but happy (Student’s book pages 14-15) This section introduces the Present Perfect to talk about recent events and for actions happening at an unspecified time in the past. It also introduces the time adverbials yet, already, just and ever. 16 Special difficulties: Ss may have difficulties understanding exactly when to use the Present Perfect and when to use the Past Simple. The Mind the trap! section looks in more detail at how to decide which tense to use. The finished time periods used with the Past Simple may not refer explicitly to a time, e.g. on holiday, at university. If both speaker and listener know what the time period is, it doesn’t always need to be stated at all, e.g. Did you see the football game? (last night). It may also be worth pointing out to Ss that when using ever and never, the unfinished time period being referred to is ‘in your life’. Warm-up Connecting the topic with their lives. Put Ss into groups to discuss the following questions. Have you ever heard of someone who got married at your age? What’s the best time to get married? Before listening Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is evaluation of previous knowledge. Careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. To encourage the use of Present Perfect, if possible, write the following sentences on the board for Ss to complete: The young man has just… The older woman has already… The older man has yet… 1 Put Ss into pairs. Ss describe the people and what they can see in the picture. They then think of who the people are (probably a family: mother, father, grandmother and son) and what they are doing (having dinner and possibly discussing some difficult or controversial opinions/decisions). Also ask: What do you think happened before this? Elicit ideas and note the Past Simple sentences that Ss use. After the presentation and practise of the language point, you can come back to the sentences and show Ss where it would be better to use the Present Perfect. Listening 1.3 Have the students listen to part 1 so as to check 2 their predictions to exercise 1. Then the student’s check their answers at the back of their textbooks. Tapescript CD 1 Track 3 Part 1 Barbara: Ian, you haven’t eaten very much. Is anything wrong? Ian: I’ve got something to tell you. Monica and I have decided to get married. Barbara: Oh, that’s … nice! Eddy: Have you decided on the date yet? Ian: No, we haven’t. But I’ve already bought a ring for her! Margaret: That’s great news! I’m so happy. Ian: Thanks, Gran. Love and trust 3 Have Ss listen to part 1 and part 2 of the conversation and answer. 1.4 Tapescript CD 1 Track 4 Part 1 Barbara: Ian, you haven’t eaten very much. Is anything wrong? Ian: I’ve got something to tell you. Monica and I have decided to get married. Barbara: Oh, that’s … nice! Eddy: Have you decided on the date yet? Ian: No, we haven’t. But I’ve already bought a ring for her! Margaret: That’s great news! Oh! I’m so happy. Ian: Thanks, Gran. Part 2 Eddy: Ian has done a lot of stupid things in his life, but this is crazy! Monica hasn’t finished college yet! Have you ever heard of such a thing? Barbara: I’ve never been so shocked! They only met five months ago! How come he’s got enough money for a ring? He’s just started his first job. Margaret: Excuse me, but haven’t you forgotten something, you two? How old were you when you got married? Twenty – the same age as Ian. And you didn’t have any money, did you? Mind the trap! Look at the box with Ss and elicit other time expressions that could be used with the Past Simple, e.g. in 2003, last night, etc. Tell Ss that the finished time doesn’t have to be an exact day or date, it can be e.g. on holiday, at primary school, when I was younger. You could also look at expressions such as today which can be used with the Past Simple or Present Perfect, e.g. at home in the evening your parents might say: What did you do at school today? because they are talking about the school day which has finished, not the calendar day which hasn’t. However, the parents might say: Have you done your homework today? because today is still unfinished and the child can still do some homework later. 8 1.5 Re-elicit the meanings and uses of the four time adverbials. Look at number 2 and ask Ss which words could go into the gap and be grammatically correct (already, just). Now ask Ss which word makes more sense in terms of meaning (just). Ss complete the dialogue in pairs and then listen to check. Tapescript 5 1.4 Ss discuss in pairs. Listen again if necessary. After eliciting the answers, ask Ss what they think their parents would say if they decided to get married at the age of 20 and who would be the most supportive member of their family. Work it out 6 Ss look at the example sentences and say which one is different from the others and why (met … is the Past Simple; the other two aren’t). Elicit the form of the other two sentences (have/has plus the Past Participle). Ss now look at the three sentences again and match them to the correct use. 7 Ss look at the sentences from the listening and do the matching in pairs. Check it out Read through the box with Ss. Elicit or explain that past Simple and Past Participle of regular verbs are the same. If the verb is irregular, it is sometimes the same in both forms, e.g. bought and sometimes different, e.g. did/done. CD 1 Track 5 Part 1 Monica: Well, have you told your parents yet? Ian: Yes – I’ve just told them! Gran’s really pleased but my parents aren’t too happy. Monica: Oh dear. I’m so glad that my parents have already accepted the idea. Ian: I’d really like to see you. Have you finished your work yet? Monica: No, I haven’t finished it yet. Have you ever felt that you just can’t concentrate? Ian: Hold on a minute … Margaret: Sorry to interrupt. I’ve just talked to your mum and dad and everything’s going to be OK. Ian: Thanks, Gran! Did you hear that? Monica: Yes, I did. Listen – I’ll do my work tomorrow. We need to celebrate! 1.4 Students listen again and make notes so that 4 they can justify their answers when you elicit them. After listening 01 9 Re-elicit the rule from Check it Out that, when talking about any time in the past, we use the Present Perfect but, for specific occasions, we use the Past Simple. Ask the first question: Have you ever met anyone famous? (in your life) and if any Ss answer yes, ask follow up questions in the Past Simple: Who did you meet? Where/When did you meet them? What did you say? Ss carry out conversations in pairs. Nominate Ss who answered yes to one of the questions to come to the front of the class and the rest of the Ss ask questions to find out as much information about the event as possible. You could also ask a pair of students to role play the interview for the rest of the class. Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to this question.: How do age and experience affect attitudes towards romance and marriage? Give examples. 17 1.3 Sunshine (Student’s book pages 16-17) This section gives the Ss a story extract on the topic of being separated from those we love. they try to complete the gaps without going back to the text. They go back to check their answers. Ss explain what is the mood of the story, once they have finished this task. Call the attention of the Ss of the use of the weather in literature to create a specific mood. After reading Work it out Culture notes Lima is the capital of Peru. It was founded by conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535. Its original name was Ciudad de los Reyes but Lima was its name in the local Aymara language and it comes from the word lima-limaq (yellow flower). Lima is located in the Sechura Desert and it is the second largest desert city in the world, after Cairo. The population in 2004 was estimated at just over 8 million. Warm-up Review of Present Perfect Put Ss into pairs to discuss the following questions. This conversation will link their lives with the topic of this lesson. Then some of the students could report their own stories or their partner’s. Has an important person in your life left you, your school, neighbour, city or and country? Who? When? Do you miss him or her? Before reading Check it out Ss first read the check it out silently and then check their answers to exercise 7. Have them in pairs write at least one sentence using because and the other using so about the story. Then write them on the board so that the Ss can write them. We use because before a clause (a sentence subject verb and complement). Use because of when you put the noun after the reason. I went to sleep because I was tired. So is used to express result. I was tired so I went to bed. 8 If necessary have Ss re-read paragraphs 2, 4 and 5 before coming up with the titles. It is suggested they do this exercise in groups and then they can share their titles and justify them. Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is evaluation of previous knowledge. Careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. 9 Ss write following the model provided. They write and then they do peer correction. 1 Add other questions for the Ss to answer so that they observe the pictures in detail and get the feeling and mood of the story At this point there are no right or wrong answers. Ss work in groups of 2–4 to think of questions to write for a survey on attitudes to emigration, e.g. Would you move to another country? Why? Why not? What would you miss most about your country? Where would you move to? What problems would most worry you? 2 Focus the Ss attention on the layout and pictures again before answering the question. Ask them what type of text this is. Have them support their answers. Then they answer the question. Reading 3 Give Ss time to read through the first paragraph and underline the words in the paragraph that help them check their answer to exercise 2. They could have underlined words such as “man steps out of his house”, “no sunshine”, “cold with sadness” and “life without her”. 4 Ss read the whole story and then go back to paragraph 2 and re-read it. The answers to this question may vary, but it is important that the sentence they choose embodies the idea of a lost mother that the family misses. 5 It is suggested this exercise is done in groups and they should find the evidence for their answers. 6 18 7 Ask Ss to try to complete the text without going back to the text. Then they go to the text, check their answers and finally they read Check it out on the following page. The same pairs as in exercise 5 complete the sentences. First Optional activity Ss then swap partners and interview each other. Monitor and note any common errors for a correction slot at the end of the activity. Finish up by discussing the questions in open class to find out what the Ss’ views are. Before you continue... After discussing the questions in the Ss’ book, have them respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 How do you think family and friends react when someone they love leaves? When they return? 2 Is it better to be the one who leaves or the one who stays? Why? Love and trust 1.4 Happily ever after Jean: Not exactly. We’ve lived in Stretford since the wedding, but not in this house. Norm: No, we’ve only been here for sixteen years. Jean: Eighteen years, Norm. We’ve lived in this house for eighteen years. Since 1988. Max: How did you meet? Norm: Well, I used to be a policeman. I retired ten years ago … And Jean was the waitress in my local café. Jean: It was love at first sight. Max: So, what’s your secret for a successful relationship? Jean: I think you have to fall in love many times – always with the same person. Max: Have you ever fallen out? Norm: We’ve had a few little arguments, but we haven’t had a serious argument for years. Jean: No, not since Christmas Day 1977. Remember you … Norm: We have a simple rule – if one of us is angry, we always try to sort it out before we say goodnight. Max: One last question – have you got any regrets? Norm: I’m just sorry I didn’t marry Jean earlier. Jean: And I’ve never regretted a single day. (Student’s book pages 18-19) This section looks at the use of for and since to answer the question How long …? Special difficulties: Ss may be confused by this new use of the Present Perfect, especially if in L1 a different structure is used to give the same information. Make the distinction between for and since clear and give Ss sufficient practise of the form, correcting as necessary. Warm-up Introducing the topic of the lesson. When and how. Ss have their books closed. Write four names on the board with four ages, e.g. Mark 24, Amy 25, Emily 27, Colin 29. Ask Ss for a phrase which gives the ages of all four people. If Ss don’t know, tell them. (They are in their twenties.) Repeat in their fifties and in their seventies and then in their teens. Ask Ss what is a good age to get engaged (using one of the phrases above, e.g. in your twenties), a good age to get married, have children and retire. Write the eight words from Exercise 2 on the board (romantic, caring, passionate, friendly, hold hands, kiss, be 16 and in love, hug) and elicit or check the meanings of each. Ss work in groups of 3–4 to rank the word in importance for a good relationship. Elicit ideas in open class. Before listening Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge, careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. 1 Put Ss in pairs and tell half of the class to look at the top picture and the other half to look at the bottom picture. They should use as many of the words from the exercise as possible to describe their picture and what the people look like. Elicit ideas and then ask Ss what they think the relationship between the people in picture 1 and those in picture 2 is (they are the same people). Listening 2 Check: regret, argument. Then the students listen to the beginning of the text up to “Jean: We’ve been married since 14 February 1956. Valentine’s Day”. Then they identify the text type explaining why they show interview as the answer. They could also redefine the other two text types. Tapescript 3 1.6 CD 1 Track 6 Max: So, how long have you known each other? Norm: We’ve known each other for almost 52 years. Jean: Norm! We’ve known each other for more than 52 years. We met in 1953! Max: How long have you been married, then? Jean: We’ve been married since 14 February 1956. Valentine’s Day. Max: Have you lived here since then? As Ss listen, they take notes to justify their answers. 4 Ask Ss to underline the answers in the text. 5 Ss listen again and since this is specific information, the recording could be stopped when the information appears to write the answers. 6 1.6 Ss listen again and since this is also specific information, the recording could be stopped when the information appears to write the answers. 1.6 1.6 They could reword the answers and if necessary 7 they could answer in Spanish. It is suggested that the Ss are prompt to give their opinion in the matter. 8 1.6 01 A filler is a sound or word that is spoken in conversation by one participant to signal to others that he/she has paused to think but is not yet finished speaking. Different languages have different characteristic filler sounds; in English, the most common filler sounds are uh /´/, er /„/ and um /´m/. Among youths, the fillers “like”, “y’know”, “actually”, “literally”, and “basically” are more prevalent. Point out the relevance of the use of fillers for a better communication. Encourage Ss to identify the filler being used by the speaker. 1.6 After listening Work it out 9 Ss work in pairs and get the meaning of the expressions through context. They could explain them in Spanish if necessary. Then they answer the questions according to their reality. 10 When Ss decide on the correct choice for the three rules, give Ss more examples of how they could be used and when they 19 can’t be used, e.g. I have been in this class since/for …, I have been in this school since/for …, I have been in this lesson since/for …, but I was in primary school for … (the Past Simple because the Ss are not in primary school any longer; they can’t use since either). Then elicit sentences in the Past Simple with ago, e.g. I started in this class …, This lesson started … Check it out The box recaps what Ss have just learned. Read through it with the Ss and ask them to make one true sentence about themselves using for and one using since. Elicit ideas in open class. We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and continues up to the present. Examples I have had this computer for about a year. We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two years. We use since with the time when the action started, for example: last year, June 8, I met you. Mind the trap! Look through the box with the Ss and stress the rule given, especially where the present tense is used in L1 and may cause problems. It may be worth doing translation exercises whereby Ss in pairs have a sentence in English, e.g. I have known her for five years or I have been here since 1996, translate it into L1 and swap with another pair who have translated a similar but different sentence. Ss then have to translate back into English to make sure they have got the form correct and used for or since correctly. Before you continue... It is suggested they have a further discussion on the following questions: 1 Do you think men and women can be just friends? Why(not)? 2 How do you think members of your parents and grandparents generation would respond to the first question? Additional practise Photocopiable resources. Resource 1 You’re a star! Page 66. Communication project (Student’s book pages 20-21) The Communication Project section mainly aims at developing the productive skills, Speaking and Writing. Both skills are carefully and gradually developed. The Ss start from very guided activities and end producing oral and written texts with little guidance. In doing so they also face listening and reading activities used mainly as models to be followed. Speaking This section gives the Ss practise at giving opinions, agreeing and disagreeing. Ss are introduced to the language through a listening and then given opportunities to use the language themselves. 11 Look at the dates and times given and elicit what happened then. Tell Ss to write out full sentences to answer the questions. After eliciting the answers, practise the negative form by again getting Ss to think of true sentences about themselves, e.g. I haven’t eaten since breakfast. 12 13 14 1 Ss look at the photo and describe the young girl in it with as much detail as possible, giving both factual information about what she is wearing and opinions about what Ss think about her style. Check pierced/piercing and then Ss answer the questions given. Tell Ss that, when they answer the questions for themselves, they should use a mixture of for and since and not just one of them. After they have interviewed each other in pairs, elicit answers in open class. Have them role play in front of the class. Ss work in pair writing the dialogue following the model provided. If necessary assign some time home to learn their lines. 15 In pairs Ss write their own interviews and practise it. Monitor and assist when necessary. Finally have some pairs present their work. 20 Warm-up Introducing the topic of the lesson. Tea/coffee person. Ss all stand up. Tell Ss that, if they agree with what you say, they should stand on one side of the room and, if they disagree, they should stand on the other. Ss discuss the reasons for their opinion standing in their two groups and then debate across the room. Ideas: Earrings look good on men and women. Nose rings look stupid. Jewellery and make–up should be banned in school. Pierced tongues are terrible. Ss work in pairs to decide whether the expressions take for or since. Elicit the answers and, for each one, elicit what time expression would be needed for the other word, e.g. since 7 o’clock = for (5) hours. Ss write sentences alone. Monitor and help where necessary. Ss compare answers in pairs and then as a whole class. 2 1.7 On the first listening, Ss do the matching task and compare their answers with their partner. Have them listen again to check their choices. This time they note down what they said to support their options. Optional activity Tapescript Put Ss into groups of four. The Ss work together to think of five more similar questions using How long… Number the Ss in each group, 1, 2, 3 and 4 and then make four new groups consisting of all the 1s, all the 2s etc. The Ss ask and answer each other’s questions as before but, this time, as the questions are unknown beforehand, they will have to respond more spontaneously. Frank: Pass the salt, please, Anna. Anna: Here you are, Dad. Hey, listen … we’ve got a new Art teacher at school. She’s really… Jenny: That’s nice … What’s she like? CD 1 Track 7 Love and trust Anna: She’s great. She explains things so well, and she’s really funny, too. She’s got a piercing. Frank: She’s got a what?! Anna: A piercing. In her nose, here … It looks really cool! Jenny: Take it easy, Frank. Frank: Well, personally, I think that’s terrible. Anna: What are you talking about, Dad? Frank: In my opinion, a teacher should be a model for young people, and I don’t think a piercing is appropriate! Anna: Oh, come on. You can’t be serious! Everybody’s got piercings nowadays. Frank: Not everybody. You haven’t got one, have you? Anna: No, not yet. But if I want one, I’ll get one. Frank: Oh, no, you won’t! You’re only sixteen! What do you think, Jenny? Jenny: Well, if you ask me, you have to be crazy to get a piercing … Frank: That’s right! Piercings are horrible! Jenny: Yes, Frank, I see what you mean, but it’s Anna’s body, not yours … Anna: That’s a very good point. Jenny: So, it seems to me that if she’s really sure she wants a piercing, she can get one … Frank: What? I totally disagree! I mean, just think about … 3 Ss read through the sentences and see if they can guess the answers based on what they have just listened. Elicit ideas and then play the CD to check. Model each phrase or play the recording again. Ss mark the stressed words. Elicit ideas and model again if there are any difficulties. Drill thoroughly. 1.8 Tapescript CD 1 Track 8 1 In my opinion, a teacher should be a model for young people. 2 Oh, come on. You can’t be serious! 3 What do you think? 4 If you ask me, you have to be crazy to get a piercing. 5 I see what you mean, but it’s Anna’s body. 6 That’s a very good point. 4 In pairs the Ss classify the words. Then they listen to the CD at least twice. Check their answers. Drill the three vowel sounds and elicit words which have the same sounds, e.g. /ai/ my, life; /ei/ same, late; /oi/ boy, royal. Ss look at the words in the box and say them out loud in pairs. They then listen to check and complete the table. Optional activity 01 Bingo. Divide the board into three spaces and write the three phonemic symbols in each space. Elicit a word for each sound. Set Ss a short time limit to brainstorm more words with these sounds – they can look back in their Student’s Book if they like. Elicit and write up more words so that you have about 20. Tell Ss to draw bingo grids with fifteen spaces – demonstrate how on the board if necessary. Tell Ss to choose fifteen words from the words on the board. Tell Ss they must listen for the words in a story and cross them off when they hear them. Do a short demo, e.g. Last night I got a call from my friend. It was to tell me that she and her boyfriend had got engaged. Make up a short story using the words on the board. Pause briefly after each sentence to give Ss time to find and cross off words. The game ends when a student crosses off all fifteen words and shouts ‘Bingo!’ 5 Discuss the Speaking Strategies with Ss. Make sure they understand them. 6 Put Ss into groups of four. Ss discus in groups what they think about piercing, what they expect from their parents and/or teachers. Then they decide which point of view they will defend as a group. Assign some time for them to speak in groups and then have them discuss with the other groups. One student in each group starts the conversation by giving his/her opinion. Monitor and note errors for a correction slot later on. Elicit what was said in open class at the end of the activity. Writing This section aims at teaching how to write text messages and some of the common abbreviations and symbols used in those messages. Warm-up Review of expressing an opinion. Controversial statements. Elicit topics which are important in Ss’ lives, e.g. music, relationships, school. Ss work in pairs and choose one of the topics and then write a controversial statement about it that some people might agree with and others might disagree with, e.g. classical music is all rubbish. Ss pass their statement to the pair on their left. Each pair discusses their opinions about the new statement for one minute and then passes them to their left again. The process is continued until the statements return back to their original writers. Elicit ideas in open class. 1.9 Tapescript CD 1 Track 9 blind, baby, noise, boyfriend, campaign, cyclist, daily, engaged, enjoy, game, headlines, point, site, sunshine, voice. 1.10 Ss describe the photo in as much detail as 1 possible, looking at the appearance of the people and imagining their characters as well as answering the questions in the exercise. Elicit ideas in open class and then play the recording to check. Tapescript CD 1 Track 10 Hugh: … and I thought we could maybe spend next weekend at Pete’s place in the country. My friends are there this weekend. It’s really fantast … Sophie: Hey, Hugh! Look! There’s Liz! Hugh: Wh … where? 21 Sophie: Over there in that blue top. Sitting next to that tall guy. Oh, my God! She’s changed her hair! Hugh: Oh, yes. Wait a minute … I thought Liz was going out with Leo. Have they split up? Sophie: Haven’t you heard? Liz and Leo had a huge argument. They split up ages ago. They haven’t even spoken to each other since then. I think her hair looked better when it was straight. I wonder who the tall guy is … Bart told me he’s seen Liz at the club a few times with a short guy called John … Monitor carefully during the writing phase to make sure their questions are correct. Listen as Ss mingle to note common errors to revise at the end of the lesson. 1.11 Ss first read the questions and then listen to the 2 recording at least twice. Tapescript I’ve been in love with Greg since day one! I saw him during my first week at college and I thought he was fantastic – but he’s a great extrovert and I am quite shy so it took a while to get to know him. When I found out he had a girlfriend, I was brokenhearted! I went out with one or two men but no one serious. We finally got together after two long years – I was at a friend’s party and Greg suggested going for a coffee. We ended up talking all night and that was that! We’ve had small disagreements over the years but we’ve never had a big fight – I think it’s because we are so different. He still loves being the centre of attention and I’m happy to be the quiet one. I can’t believe I’ve been so lucky – the man of my dreams fell in love with me and we’ve been happy for eight years. We haven’t had any children yet but we’re hoping! 1.10 Ss read through the sentences to make sure 2 they understand everything. Check possible difficult words, e.g. to split up. Ss try to remember the answers from the first listening and then listen to check and complete their answers. 3 Ss match and compare. After the matching, discuss any other abbreviations Ss use. They can discuss abbreviations of L1 words as long as they use English to do so. 4 Re-elicit who the different people in the listening are (Liz, Sophie, John, Leo, Hugh). Ss then work in pairs to do the matching. Elicit answers and justifications. 5 Check: hug, toe, to object. Ss first do the matching and then read through the texts to try to make sense of them. Finally they rewrite the text messages in their notebooks, replacing the abbreviations with whole words. 3 Ss first comment on what they see in the cartoon. Then they work alone to complete the conversation. Check in pairs then elicit answers in open class. 4 Ss answer this activity individually to see if they have a precise use of these verb tenses: Simple Past, Present Perfect and Present Continuous. 6 If possible, arrange the class so that you are standing in the middle of the Ss and so that, when they have written their messages, they can easily hand them to you for you to ‘deliver’ them to other Ss. When the activity finishes, collect all the messages to revise them. The following class, write the most common errors on the board for them to correct. 5 Ss could make it explicit whether they remember the use of since and for before actually doing the exercise. They could do peer correction before the correct answers are provided. Language Assessment 6 If necessary have the Ss in pairs solve this exercise. In larger groups of four they can check their answers and finally the teacher could hand out an answer sheet for them to self-correct their work. (Student’s book pages 22-23) These review sections give the students a chance to revise what they have learned in the unit. It is suggested that, at the beginning of the course, the activities can be done as pair work with lead-ins to remind students of the grammar or vocabulary and to help them develop strategies which will help them carry out the activities successfully. The main aim here is to increase the students’ confidence. As the course continues it is convenient to let them attempt the activities with less help from you. At initial stages it is more useful to tell them to do the activities alone but to compare answers with others before feedback to avoid weaker students being put on the spot. After eliciting answers, focus on the areas on which they are having more problems. Then provide the correct answers. 1 Ss work individually or in pairs to complete the first task, writing the questions. In the second part of the activity Ss mingle to ask each other their questions. When Ss are finished asking the questions, allow them time to write before eliciting the responses in open class. 22 CD 1 Track 11 Unit test See photocopiable test on pages 72 and 73 and answers on page 89. Tapescript CD 1 Track 12 Boy: Have you read this article? It says that girls should never ask boys out. Do you agree? Girl: You can’t be serious! Girls should be able to do whatever they like. Boy: That’s true, but it says most boys feel embarrassed if girls ask them out. Apparently boys prefer to be in control. Girl: That’s a load of rubbish. Most boys would love to have a girl ask them out! Boy: Yes, that’s a very good point. Personally, I think boys and girls should be equal. So, would you ever ask a boy out? Girl: No way! I’d be too embarrassed! 02 (S)He (S)he 02 Objectives Read, listen and talk about gender differences, family life, age gaps, personality traits and family life. Write a short summary and a guided essay. Use modal verbs when speaking or writing. Focus on giving options. Develop an attitude of respect and acceptance. Topic People Class resources Class CD Photocopiable Resource 2 Self-evaluation for students Online dictionary Lesson 2.1 Different strokes Objectives Timing Unit OFT • Listen to a conversation between men and women; 2 hours Practise modal verbs. 2.2 Brain balance Read about gender differences. 2 hours 2.3 Is it discrimination? Listen to a dialogue about tolerance. Asking for and giving opinion. 1 hour Read a letter to the editor about discrimination; Write about why people like to distinguish themselves. 2 hours • • • 2.4 Celebrating differences • Encourage students to develop attitudes of respect and tolerance towards people regardless of differences such as gender. Communication Project • Role-play; Write a guided essay. 1 hour Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study habits. Assessment • Language Assessment 1 hour • Unit test 1 hour Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study habits. Appreciate the importance of reflection and analysis in language learning. • Checkpoint 30 minutes Getting ready (Student’s book pages 24-25) This unit is about gender differences, family life, and personality. Have Ss work with a partner to complete the following activities before you begin the unit. Remind Ss that all ideas are valid and that they should respect everyone’s ideas. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. If Ss are unable to perform this activity in English due to lack of sufficient speaking skills, allow them to perform it in Spanish. Encourage fast learners to do it in English. Activities 1 through 6 should be done either in pairs or groups. Have the different groups or pairs share their points of view with the rest of the class. 23 23 2.1 Different strokes (Student’s book pages 26-27) Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge; careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. Check whether they handle some modal verbs to express obligations, ability and possibility. Write on the board the words must, should and can. Ask each student to write a sentence about themselves using each of the modal verbs provided. Have them keep those sentences and check them at the end of the lesson. Optional lead in Write the adjectives in Exercise 1 on the board. Ss do not open their books yet. Elicit or give the meanings of all the adjectives to the Ss and ask them to choose, alone, the best three for themselves. After Ss have finished Exercise 1, see if the adjectives they chose correspond with the stereotype for the gender, i.e. did more boys choose insensitive, practical, etc, and more girls choose romantic, talkative, etc? Before listening 1 Try to make sure the pairs are made up of either two boys or two girls. Before Ss choose the adjectives, the boys look at the attitude of the men in the cartoon and discuss together whether they act or would act similarly in the same situations. The girls focus on the attitude of the women in the cartoon and decide whether they act or would act similarly. Elicit ideas in open class and then Ss look at the words in the box. Tell Ss that their points of view are all valid and what is important is that they justify their answers. Elicit ideas and then check the meanings of all the adjectives with the group going back to the glossary on page 25. Listening 2 Tell Ss to read the questions before listening. Have the students justify their options. CD1 Track 13 Jerry: [Southern English accent] Mmm … I don’t know about you but I must have something to eat. Hey girls ... can you make us some sandwiches? Michelle: [Southern English accent] Oh get lost! Even men can put some cheese between two bits of bread. Dave: [Southern English accent] Oh don’t be like that. Women love looking after men really … Lisa: [Southern English accent] Well, OK. How many sandwiches? Michelle: No Lisa, you mustn’t listen to them. Dave! You shouldn’t be so lazy! Jerry: Michelle … remember when you couldn’t understand why your printer wasn’t working and I had to fix it for you? 24 1.13 Ss work in pairs and answer in English. If 3 necessary provide options, such as ... “roles and gender”, “women are better cooks” or “men are better cooks”. 4 Have the Ss answer the exercise before listening to the dialogue again. Then they listen and check. If they feel like it, have them give their opinions about this dialogue. 1.13 5 In pairs they try to complete with the correct modal verb before listening. Be sure they know what the clues in brackets mean. Then they listen and check. They could have other correct answers. So listen to other options. 1.13 After listening Work it out 6 Before Ss look at the cartoons, elicit ideas in open class of how these phrases could be said differently, e.g. I have to go, I must go, I can’t stay, etc. When you have gone through all of them, Ss complete the exercise alone. They study the Check it out and then correct their answers. Check it out 1.13 Tapescript Michelle: Yes. And? Lisa: Yes Jerry, but you’re her boyfriend ... Jerry: Aha! So men ought to help women with technical problems but when I ask you to make me a sandwich it’s not fair ... Michelle: It’s completely different. You love being able to show how much you know about computers ... But I absolutely hate making sandwiches! Dave: Here you are folks. Four cheese and ketchup sandwiches … Lisa/Michelle: Oh ... er ... thanks Dave. Jerry: I can’t eat this rubbish! Look ... give me a minute and I’ll show you the best sandwiches you’ve ever tasted! Go through the Check it out box with the Ss. They should have seen all these verbs before but may be confused when seeing them all at once. After each point, elicit examples to make sure Ss understand, e.g. elicit things they must and have to do in their lives. Mind the trap! Before Ss look at the Mind the trap! box, ask questions to see if they know this already, e.g. What is the past of ‘must’? How do we talk about ability in the Present Perfect? Ss discuss ideas in pairs and then look at the box to check or find out the answers. 7 The answers may vary according to their personal reality. For some Ss, some of these might be external obligations and for others personal obligations. 8 Ss begin by writing the questions they will ask. They may work in pairs or individually. Monitor to make sure they have grammatically correct questions before beginning the interviews. Encourage Ss to ask follow-up questions for more detail. (S)He 9 In groups they write some sentences about their classmates. It is suggested they have a conversation about responsibilities at home. 10 Ss practise a short dialogue following the given model. Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: Do you think men and women should maintain their traditional roles, or do you think they ought to do what they want regardless of tradition? OFT Notes This section provides an additional opportunity to discuss the OFT of the Unit. You may have Ss respond orally in pairs, groups or in open class. Encourage them to give their opinions and be tolerant and respectful of others. When dealing with OFTs there are no “correct/ incorrect” answers. OFT This is a good opportunity to have students reflect on how they relate to others and the world, to develop critical and creative thinking, and promote ethical values. Remind Ss that when dealing with values and/or attitudes there are no “correct/incorrect” answers. 2.2 Brain balance (Student’s book pages 28-29) This section gives the students a reading on the topic of brain chemistry and its effects on childhood development. Culture notes The three types of brain mentioned in this unit were defined by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, a professor of psychology at Cambridge University. He is also the cousin of Sacha BaronCohen, the comedian who is responsible for the characters Borat and Ali G among others. Professor Cohen called the brain types: E (empathising), S (systemising) and B (balanced). He also looked at the strengths and weaknesses of each type. Empathising means that you are able to perceive what others are thinking and you have an appropriate emotional reaction. Systemising is the drive to understand a system and to build one. The ultimate extreme Type S brain is an autistic one. Some very famous scientists such as Newton and Einstein are thought to have suffered from Asperger’s syndrome, a form of autism in which sufferers show narrow interests or preoccupation with a subject to the exclusion of other activities. Warm-up 02 Review of modal verbs studied in the previous lesson. Chain whispers. Have some prepared sentences written on pieces of paper. Put the Ss into two groups. Show one student from each group the first sentence. They have to whisper it to the student next to them. This continues until the sentence is whispered to the last student in each group who has to write the sentence on the board. Ss then compare what has been written with the original sentence to see how accurately it has been passed. Choose a different student to start and finish for the next sentence and repeat the process. Before reading Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge, careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. 1 Tell Ss to look at the photo and quickly identify the things they can see that they know the words for, e.g. toddlers, toys, vacuum cleaner. Ss then think of how to define the things they cannot name, e.g. a kind of tube, the part of the vacuum cleaner that the dirt goes up. Elicit vocabulary ideas before Ss describe and answer the questions in pairs. It would be a good idea for Ss to talk about their own hobbies and those of older brothers and sisters, or even parents, to see if there are any trends. Reading 2 Ss first read the questions and then the first paragraph of the text. The Ss will probably want to compare their answers to the second question in exercise 1 to the first paragraph of the text. Ss compare what they found out in pairs before sharing ideas in open class. Then they answer a or b and support their options. Have them point out the differences between the two text types, a magazine article and a catalogue. 3 Individually Ss underline the sentences then compare with a partner and write the sentences in their copybooks. Have them comment on the sentences. 4 Ss work alone. Allow some minutes for Ss to answer and then have them find the answers in the text which justify them. 5 Before doing this exercise have them read the whole text and then go back to paragraphs 3 and 4. Tell them they can find more information than what is requested, so they can choose. After reading Work it out 6 Tell Ss to find the adjectives first and find out what they refer to. Ss then they provide the comparative form. This is previous knowledge so it shouldn’t cause much surprise. Have them arrive to the rule before reading the answers. 25 Check it out Challenge them to self correct their answers. 7 Following the sentences they took from the text, they write their own. Optional activity Listening 2 1.14 Ss do the listening. Allow Ss time to read the instructions first. After listening, Ss compare answers in pairs and try to justify their answers with reference to the text. Elicit answers and reasons for them in open class. Then they check their prediction to exercise 1. Enlarging vocabulary. Extend this activity by putting Ss into groups of about four. Each group either has two minutes to list as many positive personality adjectives as they can or as many negative adjectives as they can. Groups then join up so that a ‘positive’ group is with a ‘negative’ group. Each group takes it in turns to define their adjectives in a similar way to the definitions in Exercise 4. The other group has to try to guess what they are. At the end of the activity, write the adjectives on the board and tell Ss to write the comparative form of each one. Tapescript Dad: [Manchester accent] Morning! What are you two so cheerful about this morning? Anna: [Manchester accent] Morning Dad! Damon’s just been telling me about Philip York … Apparently he turned up for school yesterday in a skirt! Dad: Oh yes? He was always a bit funny that Philip York. Damon: [Manchester accent] Well, he was trying to make a point … to prove something, you know? It’s really hot at the moment and all the girls at school are wearing skirts. But the boys have been told that we can’t wear shorts. So Phil decided to come to school in one of his sister’s skirts. Dad: And what happened? Damon: Well, there was a big commotion, of course. All the girls from Year 8 followed him around all morning saying things like ‘Nice legs, darlin’ and stuff. Luckily some of the teachers saw the funny side but the headmaster was furious. He told Phil to go home and change straight away. Dad: I should think so too. Stupid boy – just like his Dad. Damon: Well, I think it was pretty cool myself. He was just trying to show how pathetic some of the rules are. I mean, we’re almost eighteen and we’re still being told what we can and can’t wear. Dad: Well, if you ask me, Damon, I think the headmaster was right to send him home. It’s all about standards. A school has to care about its reputation ... and lads walking round in shorts all day doesn’t create a very serious, scholarly atmosphere, if you ask me. I mean what’s the point in … Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 How do you think gender stereotypes affect your behaviour and communication with the opposite gender? With the same gender? 2 How do you think the behaviour of the opposite gender changes in front of you? Is it justified? 2.3 Is it discrimination? (Student’s book pages 30-31) This section introduces ways of asking and giving opinions. Warm-up Review of adjectives of personality. Board anagrams. Put the Ss into two groups. One student from each group comes to the board. Read out letters for them to write onto the board. As soon as they or someone from their group knows what the adjective is they complete the word. The first to do so, spelling correctly, wins a point. Words to use: ahiyttepcsm (sympathetic), fotogcimnr (comforting), hiessfl (selfish), ieevrgsasg (aggressive), aeacbnld (balanced), aernottl (tolerant). Before listening Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge; careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. Elicit responses in open class or small groups. 1 Elicit descriptions of the people in the photo in open class. Have them describe them physically and also ask them what they can say about their personality. 26 CD1 Track 14 1.14 Ss listen and identify Philip. Also ask them why he 3 wore a skirt to school. The possible answer would be: The boy wore the skirt in protest at the fact that girls could wear skirts to school but boys could not wear skirts. Have them share their opinions. 1.14 Tell Ss to mark the true statements before they 4 listen again, Then they listen and check. 5 1.14 Have Ss work in pairs checking whether the statements are true or false. Have them check with another pair before eliciting answers in open class. Have them correct the false statements. 6 1.14 They number them and if necessary, have them listen again. Have them give their opinions about what Damon’s dad think. (S)He After listening 11 This activity could be assigned for homework. If necessary ask them to write their conversation first for you to check. Check Ss performance in class. Speak out 7 Ss read through the Speak Out box before they listen again. Then elicit from them what these phrases are used for: “to complain, give opinions, describe a situation or any other”. They could provide any other phrases they know, such as “well, in my opinion”. 1.15 Tapescript 02 CD1 Track 15 Damon: ...Yeah, you say that, but it’s completely different for girls, Anna. Anna: Well, I still think it’s unfair. It’s discrimination! Dad: Oh stop it, you two. Anyway, Damon – shouldn’t you be on your way to school now? Damon: Oh no! It’s ten past eight! I’ve got to go, guys. Oh, by the way ... I’m going round to Matt’s after school. We want to, er ... do something on his computer. Is it OK if I come back late tonight? Dad: No problem. As long as you phone me … Damon: Thanks, Dad! Catch you later! See you, Anna! Dad:/Anna: Bye! See you! Bye Damon! Anna: That reminds me. Sandra has got us tickets for the Jason Trembelin concert tonight. Do you mind if I go? Dad: Well, as long as it doesn’t finish too late. Anna: No, I’m sure it won’t. Er … actually, I was wondering if I could spend the night at Sandra’s afterwards. I mean it is Friday night after all. Dad: Actually, that’s not a very good idea is it? I mean you’ve got the dentist’s early in the morning. Anna: But Dad. You let Damon stay out with his friends, why can’t I? Dad: Damon’s a year older than you, Anna. Anna: What you really meant was Damon’s a boy. Dad: Nonsense ... you know that we both treat you the same. Anna: Go on, please let me stay over, Dad. Dad: Oh, I suppose so – as long as you phone us after the concert. Anna: Thanks! Er ... just one more thing. Could I borrow £15? There are these gorgeous T-shirts … 12 Ss may work in pairs discussing the topic before filling in the chart. Then they may discuss with another pair. Before you continue… After they have discussed the questions in the Student’s book, have the Ss respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 Have you witnessed any kind of discrimination? What happened? 2 Should others intervene when they see someone being discriminated against? Why(not)? OFT Discuss where prejudices come from and how to overcome them. 2.4 Celebrating differences (Student’s book pages 32-33) This section introduces stereotypes, urban tribes and subcultures, and discusses a particularly Chilean phenomenon, the Pokemons. Culture notes Pokemon is the name given to a Chilean urban tribe which surfaced in the 2000s and began to decline in late 2009. They are easily identifiable by their angular and pressed hairstyles, reminiscent of characters from the Japanese media franchise Pokémon. The Pokemones also shared some aspects typical to the Punk and the local “hardcore” subculture. Most pokemones were teens. During parties they danced to reggaeton music, while kissing and groping with as many people (male or female) as they could, which they called poncear. Pokemones are usually from the Chilean middle and lower class. 8 In groups the Ss discuss these questions. Insist on them using the phrases in the Speak out box. Then some groups report to the rest of the class. Mind the trap! Have the Ss become aware of the style of the English speaking culture. They tend to be very polite. 9 If possible do this activity entirely in English. But here the objective is that Ss express their opinions. 10 In pairs first they replace their sentences, then they practise and finally they present their conversation. Answers may vary. Warm-up Ask Ss if they have heard the terms urban tribe or subculture. The terms urban tribe and subculture are often interchanged. Elicit what they think they mean and any groups they know. Accept anything that is relevant but point out that an urban tribe/subculture is not the same as a minority group, a key difference being that members of an urban tribe/subculture choose to belong to that group. Before reading 1 In open class Ss discuss what urban tribe and subculture mean. 27 2 In pairs, Ss discuss the photos, answer the questions and then read the article. Allow Ss to answer on their own and then check with a partner. 4 Allow Ss to answer on their own. They may refer to the text if necessary. First, have them identify the text type, letter to the editor. Elicit answers in open class. Have the Ss support their answers. Elicit parts of a newspaper article (title, byline, story, etc). 9 Instead of writing them they could underline them in the 10 Ss do this activity in groups. Then they share their classification with the class. They could have classified the adjective differently. Have them support their classification. Train your brain Do this activity in pairs because of its level of complexity. Ss must follow the steps one by one. It could be assigned for homework. Then another pair can check their writings before checking them. 5 11 6 Before you continue… After they choose the best title, they could come up with their own titles such as, Accepting each other or Different styles. They could also underline the sentences they consider facts in red and the ones they consider opinions in blue. Tell them facts can be proved. The answers may vary. They should support their choices. After reading 7 Since this may offer some considerable difficulty to the Ss, have them do the exercise in groups of 3. They could study the Check it out before trying to do the exercise. Then do the exercise and finally go back to the text. Check it out If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request. Statements When transforming statements, check whether you have to change: * pronouns * present tense verbs (3rd person singular) * place and time expressions * tenses (backshift) Questions When transforming questions, check whether you have to change: * pronouns * present tense verbs (3rd person singular) * place and time expressions * tenses (backshift) Also note that you have to: * transform the question into an indirect question * use the interrogative or if / whether Requests When transforming questions, check whether you have to change: * pronouns * place and time expressions 28 Ss must become aware of the fact that that these are phrases used to express opinions. text. Reading 3 8 First Ss choose the adjectives and then they write the summary for homework. Ss discuss the questions in their textbook and then they respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 Do your parents have different points of view about today’s youth? 2 What were they like when they were younger? What liberties or restrictions did they have? OFT This is an excellent opportunity to encourage Ss to debate about tolerance and respect. Additional practise Photocopiable resources. Resource 2. Are you the most popular? Page 67. Communication project (Student’s book pages 34-35) Speaking This section gives Ss practise at preparing for speaking. Ss are introduced to the language through listening and then given strategies and opportunities to use the language themselves. 1 1.16 Ss listen to each of the conversations at least twice for them to note down the words that help them decide which conversation is the most formal. Tapescript CD 1 Track 16 One A: [Southern English accent] Hi Josie! Can I sit next to you? B: [Southern English accent] Sure! Be my guest … How’s life treating you, then? Two A: [Southern English accent] Dad … do you mind if I borrow one of your Bob Dylan CDs? (S)He C: [Irish accent] One of my Bob Dylan CDs? What’s happened? Why do you suddenly want to listen to some good music? A: Yeah, yeah ... very funny. C: Of course I don’t mind! Take whatever one you want ... Take them all! Three D: [RP accent] I mean, I thought it was absolutely extraordinary behaviour, didn’t you? E: [RP accent] Oh, absolutely. I was convinced we’d lost the contract. A: Excuse me. I’m sorry to interrupt … are you reading that newspaper? D: Er ... no, I’m not. A: I was wondering if I could have a look at it … D: Well ... I suppose so. 2 1.17 Ss work in pairs to find the different sound. Then listen and check. Tapescript CD 1 Track 17 1 law, low, court, report 2 lot, cope, tolerant, from 3 blow, knock, know, host 4 order, property, soft, gossip 3 Tell Ss to study the Speaking Strategies box on this page and the Speak Out box on page 31. Make sure they understand them. 4 Allow time to prepare and practise the dialogues. For more practise, Ss can change partners and do the dialogue again, changing roles. 5 Choose two or three groups to present their dialogue to the whole class. Ss could assess their partner’s performance and give them feedback. Writing Ss work alone to read and study. 2 Go through the four points with the whole class and then ask SS to work alone to find the words and phrases in the text. 3 5 Read through the tips as a class and comment on them. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. Collect the revised essays to give the Ss a mark. Language assessment (Student’s book pages 36-37) 1 Ss play a traditional game to practise language covered in the unit. This is an entertaining opportunity to reinforce ethical values as well as creative and critical thinking. In groups of 4, each player rolls the dice once. The player who rolls the highest number goes first; the person on his/her left goes next. Ss must give an appropriate response when they land a square. If they do not give an appropriate response they must move back to the square they just came from. Ss will decide in the group if the response is correct or not. If there are doubts they ask the teacher. When a player lands on a snake head, his or her marker slides down to the snakes tail. When a player lands on a ladder, his or her marker goes up the ladder and continues from there. The first player to land on 36 wins, but he or she must roll the correct number on the dice to land on the 36 mark. If there are no dice available, Ss can use two coins: 2 heads moves ahead 1 space; 2 tails moves ahead 2 spaces; 1 head and 1 tail moves ahead 3 spaces. 2 Before starting, elicit phrases used to make polite requests, example: Please let me, Can I..., etc. Ss work alone or in pairs to write polite requests using the cues. Ss move around and ask each other their questions from exercise 1, writing their responses in the boxes. Remind Ss to be polite and use phrases from Check it out on page 27 and Speak out on page 31. Listening 3 This section looks at writing a short essay. Ss are led step by step to successful writing. 1 4 Ss read the statements and individually choose one they find interesting. Group Ss according to the statements they chose and have them write their lists in groups of two or three. Then compare their lists with other groups before beginning the next step. 02 Ss work alone to complete the gaps in the Train Your Brain box. Elicit answers then refer back to the essay, e.g. What general points does the writer make that everyone can agree with? (It is important to check students’ progress.) What example does the writer give to support his or her argument? (Some people argue that exams are fair.) What is the writer’s opinion? (There should be a mix of formal testing and continuous assessment.) 1.18 Ss work alone to read the questions. Then listen and circle the correct answer. Elicit answers in open class. Tapescript CD 1 Track 18 Ted: Great! The company I applied to wants me to go for an interview! Mum: Well done, When is it? Ted: Monday. She says I have to ring her if I can’t go. Mum: What time do you have to be there? Ted: The interview is at 10:00 but I have to arrive at 9:45 for a security check. I can use my driving licence or passport as ID. Mum: Is there anything else? You must read the letter carefully – do you have to do any preparation? 29 Ted: Yes, I have to take my certificates. I don’t know where they are. Mum: Well, you must find them! You really ought to keep them somewhere safe. Do they want to keep them? Ted: Er, no, I don’t have to leave them – they’ll make copies. And there is a task. Mum: You mustn’t leave it until the last minute. You should start it now and do a little bit everyday. And you should check that your suit is clean. Ted: Yeah, good idea. Listening 1 1.20 Provide a little guidance. Have them read the instructions and answer. Tapescript One Boy: Well … for starters, she really irritates me when she spends so long in the bathroom – she’s very unfair, especially when she lies in bed all morning and I have to go to school so early. Luckily she just ignores me a lot of the time – she’s too busy with her boyfriend usually. It’s sad really because when we were younger, I used to get on with her really well. In fact, she was probably my best friend. Two Girl: We have a brilliant relationship. She’s so easy to talk to and she always helps me when I’ve got a problem. She’s got a great sense of humour as well – she makes me laugh. And she gives me a lot of freedom too. I’m very lucky, I suppose. Three Man: [Irish accent] When we first started to go out together we used to argue quite often. But now I think she trusts me and we have a really good relationship. We have a lot in common so that helps. The only problem is that she changes her mind a lot – it can be very annoying sometimes. 4 If the Ss understand the meaning of the words, have them complete the sentences without using a dictionary. Unit test See photocopiable test on pages 74 and 75 and answers on page 89. Tapescript CD 1 Track 19 A: Mum, could I possibly go to the theatre on Saturday evening? We’re going to see Hamlet with our English teacher. B: Yes, that’s fine by me. It’ll be interesting. A: I was wondering if I could have £10 for the ticket. B: I suppose so. Get me my handbag. A: Is it OK if we go to a café afterwards? B: Yes, of course. As long as you don’t come home too late. A: Well, do you mind if I stay with Sandy? B: Actually, that’s not a very good idea. You’ve got to do your homework. A: But Mum it’ll be Sunday. Please let me. B: Oh, if you must, but don’t be late home. A: Thanks, Mum! Checkpoint Units 1- 2 (Student’s book page 38-39) Have students complete the tasks and grade themselves. They will find the answer key at the bottom of page 39. Then they can hand in these marks. You may want to discuss their grades with them individually and help them with strategies to do better. 30 CD 1 Track 20 2 1.20 Ss listen again and answer. They should read the questions first so that they focus their attention. If necessary, have the Ss listen once more to complete any of the questions in activities 1 or 2. Reading 1 They face this activity with no help from the teacher to see whether they can follow instructions independently. 2 They do this exercise independently and check their score independently as well. Writing and Speaking 1–2 These two activities are related. They work in pairs. It is necessary the teacher checks their interview before they start practising. Self-check Ss reflect on their learning in the two first units. Have them complete the chart with their own information. You may want to discuss this information with the students and may suggest additional practise. Encourage Ss to take the time to answer thoroughly. This activity is to promote awareness of learning and is a personal reflection. Answers can be discussed in class. 03 Amazing animals Objectives Go through the unit objectives with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Read, listen and talk about the animal world. Write a guided scientific report and a brief opinion essay. Use the conditional when speaking and writing to express probability and certainty. Focus on talking about probabilities and giving short speeches. Discuss animal rights and the need to protect them. Topic The environment Class resources Class CD Photocopiable Resource 3 Online dictionary Lesson 3.1 Those crazy humans Objectives • Listen to what pets might think of their owners, Timing 1 hour Unit OFT Practise conditionals 3.2 All brain & no bones 3.3 It’s a dog’s life • Read about octopus intelligence, Practise connectors. • Read about the responsibility of pet ownership, 2 hours • Listen to a story about African elephants; Practise 1 hour • Give a short speech and write an opinion essay. 2 hours Develop confidence in ability to understand and communicate in English. • Language Assessment 1 hour • Unit test 1 hour Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study habits. Appreciate the importance of reflection and analysis in language learning. 2 hours Practise reading graphs. 3.4 Elephants never forget Encourage students to develop attitudes of respect towards animal rights and the need to protect them. expressing ability and possibility. Communication Project Assessment Getting ready (Student’s book pages 40-41) This unit is about the animal world. Have Ss work in pairs to complete the following activities before you begin the unit. Remind Ss that all ideas are valid and that they should respect everyone’s ideas. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. If Ss are unable to perform this activity in English, allow them to perform it in Spanish. Encourage fast learners to do it in English. 31 3.1 Those crazy humans Tapescript Kika I don’t know when my human started living in my home. He’s been here for a very long time. Luckily mine goes out quite often. I’ve no idea what he does but it can’t be for pleasure. Maybe he goes hunting, but if he does, he’s not very good at it – he’s always hungry and irritable when he gets back. If I were him, I’d practise at home first – he could start by hunting flies and spiders and then try the bigger things later. Humans are lazy animals. If Gavin’s at home, he spends about eighty percent of his time asleep or resting.They’re not very clean, either. Mine only washes twice a day…unless he’s in love. There’s a theory that humans are solitary creatures but I’m not sure. For several months mine smelled of another human! But eventually it stopped. Then he started going out less in the evenings and spent hours staring hypnotised at that noisy glass box. So my conclusion is that humans do have partners but just for short periods each year. I’m afraid that Gavin is going to be here for ever. But provided he fills up the big white thing in the kitchen with food, I’ll let him stay. Wally I absolutely adore Lucy – my human. There’s nobody like her. As soon as she goes out, I start missing her terribly. A few minutes can seem like weeks. I’m always pleased to see her again. I’ve trained my human well. She even does little tricks for me – when I look at the front door and whine she immediately jumps up and starts putting on her shoes. It works every time! I’ve even taught her to share some of her food with me. I hope that if I keep training her, she’ll eventually give me all of it! Often when we’re out she does silly things like throw sticks. I think she expects me to bring them back. If she knew how pointless it is, perhaps she’d stop doing it. But as long as it makes her happy, I’ll do it – it’s a very small sacrifice, isn’t it? Humans are loveable creatures – so easy to please and easy to train! (Student’s book pages 42-43) This section introduces Zero, First and Second Conditionals as well as other words and phrases that can be used in place of if (when, as soon as, as long as, provided that, unless). Special difficulties: Ss should have seen conditionals before but still may find them difficult. Make sure they are able to form simple conditional sentences before introducing the alternative phrases, especially unless. Culture notes Tabby is a description of the colouring of a cat’s fur, not a breed of cat. It describes striped, dotted or other patterns and can be seen on many different breeds of cats. The word comes from the French tabis. Golden retriever – the name comes from its role as a hunting dog used to retrieve birds after they had been shot. They were first recognised as a breed in 1911. OFT Discuss animal rights and the need to protect them. Warm-up Review of vocabulary from the previous unit to reinforce its acquisition. Board race. Put Ss into two groups. Choose one person from each group to come to the board. Give them a clue for a word and the first person to write it with the correct spelling wins a point for their team. Choose another two Ss and continue with the game. Before listening Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge, careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. 1 Ss work alone and tick the words that they understand. They then compare with their partner and look up the ones that neither of them know. 4–5 1.21 Ss answer exercises 4 and 5 and then they listen. They could also identify the names of the animals and humans, and whether the animals are females or males. 6 Ss listen again and complete the chart. You may need to stop the recording for them to write. 1.21 2 Have a whole class debate between the Ss that think pets have a good opinion about their owners and the ones that think the opposite. After listening Listening 7 Ss work in pairs. Tell Ss to try to remember whose words are those to build the context of these sentences. Have them explain their choices in different ways so that they become aware of the communication purpose of each type of conditional. 1.21 Check first whether the Ss are aware of the 3 question they have to check before listening. Then they listen and check. Ask Ss to support their answers using evidence from the listening such as the check. Cat says: ‘Luckily mine goes out quite often.’, ‘Humans are lazy...’, ‘They’re not very clean...’, ‘I’m afraid that Gavin is going to be here for ever.’ Dog says: ‘I absolutely adore Lucy...’, ‘I start missing her terribly.’, ‘I’m always pleased to see her again.’, ‘Humans are loveable creatures...’ 32 CD 1 Track 21 Work it out 8 Some Ss may know the names of the conditionals, others may not. Allow Ss to work in groups of four to make it more likely that at least one person will know in each group. Don’t invest much time in this activity because the aim is that the Ss are able to use the conditionals correctly. Amazing animals Check it out Warm-up Go through the box with Ss and elicit other examples. Point out that, with the Zero Conditional, if and when have the same meaning (whenever). It might be useful to show how you can use conditionals to show your opinion of a situation, e.g. If you work hard, you’ll be fine is a good example because it is quite likely to happen. If you worked hard you would be fine shows that a student is clever but lazy. Review of conditionals. If I were a … Write the sentence If I were an animal, which animal would I be? On the board. Ask Ss to write down the animal they think they would be and why, e.g. I’d be a dog because I’m loyal and friendly. I’d be a cat because I’m independent. Etc. Ss then mingle and ask each other the question. The other person has to say what they think and why. Ss ask as many people as possible in a set time (e.g. two minutes). Then elicit what Ss think about themselves and what others told them during the activity. Mind the trap! Tell Ss that while If I was is not incorrect, they should try to always use were. In both, formal and informal English were is more frequent. 9 Tell Ss to read through all five sentences first to decide if they are always true, likely futures or unlikely/impossible present or futures. Elicit ideas and then tell Ss to complete the sentences alone. 10 Remind Ss that they will write phrases to organise their ideas, but they will tell the story in whole sentences. It might be necessary that they write the story first and then tell it to the class, preferably not reading. Allow 10 minutes of class time to prepare the activity. It can be assigned as homework. As a pre-activity to help Ss understand the task, start a chain of What if…? Example: Teacher: What would you do if your dog bit someone? Student 1: I would take that person to the hospital. Student 2: If I took that person to the hospital he would wait in the emergency room for a long time. Etc. Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 Do you think animals should have legally protected rights? Why(not)? 2 How do you think people who rely on animals as their means of living would say about animal rights? For example, farmers, dog trainers, zoo workers, veterinarians. 3.2 All brain & no bones (Student’s book pages 44-45) This section gives Ss scientific information about octopuses. Apart from providing new information it also extends animal vocabulary. Culture notes Octopuses have no skeleton, the only hard part of their body being the beak. The Oxford English Dictionary states three possible plural forms. As well as octopuses (the most common) it is possible to say octopi and octopodes. 03 Before reading Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is to activate and evaluate previous knowledge, careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. In order to reinforce vocabulary, the Ss could play a drawing game (picture dictionary). Put the Ss into two groups and ask one student from each group to come to the board. Show them the name or a picture of an animal. The two Ss try to draw the animal on the board and the other Ss have to guess what it is (in English). If no one knows the word in English, the drawers can tell them what it is. Swap Ss and repeat the process with the next animal. When the game is over, Ss make a note of the animals they did not know. 1 Prompt to say what kind of information they will find in the article and support their answer. 2 First Ss work individually and then they compare ideas in pairs. Before Ss start reading the article properly, ask if Ss know anything about octopuses and write down any ideas on the board. Reading 3 Help Ss find the question and have them answer 4 Have Ss explain their choice and to describe the in two minutes. other text types. 5-6 Ss read questions 5 and 6 and then read the paragraph to answer. 7 o Ss could come up with other connectors that help build coherence to a paragraph. 8 Have Ss answer this question in pairs and then share with another pair before checking with the whole class. 9 Ss work in pairs finding examples. They may check with other pairs before checking answers in open class. After reading Train your brain Go through the Train your brain box with Ss. Make sure they understand the phrases to be used when giving examples, sequencing ideas and introducing additional ideas or information. 33 10 Ss give their answers and explain why they consider them so striking. Ss underline the sentences in the text that refer to the topics. 11 7 12 After reading Point out that these words are not necessarily synonyms, but equivalents. You could provide some questions to help them write their report. For example: What’s the name of your animal? What’s its habitat? What’s so striking about it? Etc. Optional activity Ss could think of their own question, starting Which creatures …? And choose the animals from the list which are the answer to the question. They then read out their animals and the other Ss have to guess what the question was, e.g. tiger, mongoose, cobra, elephant – Which animals live in India? Before you continue… Divide Ss into two groups and have them do the following: One group makes a list of reasons supporting the use of animals in research and the other group a list of reasons against it. Divide the Ss into smaller groups with half of the group on one side of the argument and the other half on the other side and have a debate. 3.3 It’s a dog’s life (Student’s book pages 46-47) This section reminds the Ss of the use of imperatives to express commands, orders, rules, instructions or warnings. It also challenges them to read statistics from graphs and use the appropriate language to report statistics. Before reading 1 Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. The majority of them are familiarised with websites. Have them name the characteristics of a webpage. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge, careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. 2 Have Ss look up meaning of the words and encourage them to make sentences using the words in order to check they understand their meaning. Monitor and assist where necessary. Reading 3 Ask Ss to predict some of the information they will find in the text. 4 Ss work alone or in pairs to answer. When finished, elicit answers in open class. 5 Encourage Ss to explain in English, but accept Spanish if necessary. 34 6 In pairs, Ss discuss the issues presented. Then they may discuss with other pair. Work it out 8 Ss work in pairs. The question: who are these sentences addressing? could also help them. Check it out Go through the check it out box with your Ss. We use the Imperative for direct orders and suggestions and also for a variety of other purposes. Stress and intonation, gesture, facial expression, and, above all, situation and context, indicate whether the use of this form is friendly, abrupt, angry, impatient, persuasive, etc. The negative form is usually expressed by Don’t. The full form (Do not) is used mainly in public notices. The imperative is used for: 1 Direct commands, requests, suggestions: Follow me. Shut the door (please). Don’t worry! 2 Warnings: Look out! There’s a bus! Don’t panic! 3 Directions: Take the 2nd turning on the left and then turn right. 4 Instructions: Use a moderate oven and bake for 20 minutes. 5 Prohibitions (in e.g. public notices): Keep off the grass! Do not feed the animals! 6 Advice (especially after always and never): Always answer when you’re spoken to! Never speak to strangers! 7 Invitations: Come and have dinner with us soon. 8 Offers: Help yourself. Have a biscuit. 9 Expressing rudeness: Shut up! Push off! 9 The Ss get in groups and then share their lists with the other groups. Monitor that the Ss use the imperative to write their list. 10 Remind them that since this is a paragraph, they must write sentences and that the sentences must be related. 11 Ss have most probably learned to read graphs and analyse statistics in another subject, but they are not used to do it in English. Therefore allow some time for them to do this activity in pairs. Once each pair has its own sentences, have them share their sentences and write them on the board. 12 Have Ss work in pairs discussing the problems of stray animals. Discuss on the responsibility we have as a society. 13 Lead a brainstorming about what a poster means. Get ideas from Ss regarding what in their opinion it should have. You may assign the project as homework. Then have Ss vote for some of the best and you may use them to decorate the classroom. Amazing animals Before you continue… Listening Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 How do you think the overpopulation of street dogs can be best controlled? 2 What can be done to reduce the number of street dogs or eliminate them? Do you agree with these methods? 4 1.2 Tell the Ss to write down the words that helped them answer this exercise. Tapescript This is an excellent opportunity to reflect on the way animals are treated in Chile. Encourage Ss to think about ways to protect and improve animals’ way of life. 5 Before the Ss listen to the second part, ask them what kind of information they think they will be listening to, e.g. an explanation of what a herd is or what kind of herd it is. Ss listen, compare answers in pairs and listen again to check. Then elicit the answers. (Student’s book pages 48-49) Ss are encouraged to identify what they already know. This is an evaluation of previous knowledge, careful monitoring is important to understand what the Ss already know and where they need more work. All words are included in the listening. 1 Before Ss open their book, elicit anything that Ss know about elephants. Ss then check to see if the information elicited is mentioned and correct as well as finding the most surprising information. Prompt them to speak in English, but accept Spanish if necessary. 2 Be sure the Ss first read the notes at the bottom of the page. Have them do it in pairs. Assign some time and then they check their answers with the key at the back of their textbooks. 3 CD 1 Track 23 OK – let me start by giving you some background information about the elephants themselves. The African elephant is the largest land animal and some of its statistics are amazing. It can grow to about 4m in height. Although it can weigh the same as 80 men, it can run at about 40 kilometres an hour – that’s the same speed as an Olympic sprinter. And the elephant is also an excellent swimmer. It can lift more than 250 kilos with its long trunk. In places its skin is nearly 5 centimetres thick but it’s also very sensitive – even elephants have problems with mosquitoes! As you can imagine, such a large animal needs a lot of food and drink. In fact, on average an elephant can drink 200 litres a day and more than 100 kilos of leaves a day which is ... Warm-up Before listening 1.23 Tapescript This section gives Ss a listening task in which they have to complete information. It also introduces the Ss to strategies they could use to take notes such as the use of some common abbreviations. Review of animal vocabulary. A-Z. Put Ss into two groups and split the board into two halves. On one side of the board, write the letters A–L, vertically down the left hand side. On the other side, write the letters M–Z (without Q or X). Each group finds one animal which starts with each letter on their side of the board. One student from each group goes to the board and writes one animal then returns to their group and swaps places with a second person. The first group to complete their side of the board wins. CD 1 Track 22 Lecturer: [Edinburgh accent] Good morning, everyone. Today I’m going to talk about African elephants and what is now being done to protect them. As I think I mentioned last week, this animal is in serious danger and the numbers are falling dramatically. In the 1970s there were 1.3 million African elephants – today there are less than 85 thousand, mostly because of hunting. OFT 3.4 Elephants never forget 03 6 1.24 Again the Ss could predict how the lecture continues before listening to the third part. Tapescript CD 1 Track 24 Lecturer: Now I’d like to say a few words about elephants’ lifestyles. Female elephants and their young live together in groups called herds – in other words family groups of mothers, sisters, aunts and female cousins … Herds can have up to 20 members but usually there are 6–10 in a herd. Sometimes young elephants live with this group all their lives, which could be more than 65 years! But male elephants usually leave the herd when they are young teenagers. Sometimes for a few years they form noisy teenage gangs and behave rather badly – for example they sometimes get very drunk on rotten fruit! 1.24 Allow Ss about thirty seconds to read the facts 7 before listening to part 3 again. If necessary, Ss could use a dictionary. 35 After listening B Before I start I’ll show you some standard symbols you can use when you take notes in lectures. First, three dots – two at the bottom, one on top means ‘therefore’, the other way up –Two at the top, one at the bottom means ‘because’. We use the Maths symbol for equals, two lines, to mean ‘the same as’ – but put a line across and it means ‘not equal to’ or ‘not the same as’ ... What else? Oh, yes another useful symbol is two small marks which means ‘ditto’. Ditto means that you want to repeat the word or words above. Work it out 8 Before doing this exercise elicit some sentences from the Ss using can. Write the sentences on the board in two columns according to their usage. On one column you write the sentences using can to express ability and on the other the ones using can to express possibility. Have them get to the conclusion that can could be used for both. Then they do the activity and finally they read the Check it out. 9 Ss work in groups of 2 or 3 to discuss these questions. Then discuss their answers in open class. Check it out Go through the Check it out box with Ss. Explain to them that “can” is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility (in the negative). Train your brain Tell the Ss to self-evaluate themselves on each of these note taking strategies. Then with the whole class or groups have them bring up ways to improve these strategies. 10 Tell the Ss some of them have Latin roots, such as e.g. which means for example. 1.25 Before listening, have Ss try to remember what they heard and guess the meaning of the abbreviations. Train your brain Go through the Train your brain box and study the writing strategies with Ss. Make sure they understand. Remind Ss that first they need to choose the topic they want to write about. Then it could be useful to prepare an outline or diagram of their ideas before they start to write. 3 After Ss listen to the two words, drill the two vowel sounds. Ss try to complete the table before listening and then listen to check. Drill all the words after eliciting the answers. Check the Ss’ ability to distinguish between the two sounds by asking them to think of three more words which have each vowel sound in them. 1.26 11 Be sure they write their questions using can for ability and for possibility. Tapescript Before you continue… Pet, work, circle, engine, servant, leisure, petrol, worm, urban, observe, pest, penguin, fur, essential. Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 What could you do to protect endangered animals in Chile? 2 Would you like to work for organizations that have to do with protection of the environment? Additional practise Photocopiable resources. Resource 3. We want a pet. Page 68. CD 1 Track 26 4 Read through the Speaking Strategies box with the Ss. Make sure they understand. 5 Ss work alone to prepare and present their short speech. If necessary, Ss who are struggling may be allowed to work in pairs. Communication project Writing (Student’s book pages 50-51) 1 Speaking 2 Ss work alone. Elicit the answers and then go through the completed box with the whole class, emphasising the important things to remember. 1 1.25 Tapescript Before listening let Ss read through the notes. CD 1 Track 25 A I want to tell you a bit about the history of shorthand – the abbreviated way of writing with signs and symbols. Most people speak at more than 150 words per minute – but normal writing is about 35 words per minute. Therefore, if it’s important to write down another person’s exact words, you need a quicker method than longhand – and this is where shorthand comes from. Obviously, nowadays, fewer people use shorthand because we have good recording equipment. 36 2 3 Allow Ss time to read and find the information. Ss work alone to develop and write an opinion essay. Read through the instructions and make sure Ss understand what they are to do. If possible, allow time in class for peer-revision of the first draft. Collect revised version for a grade. Amazing animals Language assessment (Student’s book pages 52-53) 1 In groups of 3, Ss take turns completing the sentences, deciding amongst themselves if the answers are correct or not. If their sentence is correct they move their marker to the next one, if not, they leave it. Tell them to ask you if there are any doubts. Monitor carefully and take notes to revise and correct at the end of the activity. For additional practise, have Ss write their responses for homework. 2 Before starting, write a few sentence prompts on the board and elicit possible questions and answers. Example: Can your best friend speak English? Yes, she can. Ss mingle and answer and ask each other the questions. Monitor carefully as Ss mingle to note any errors for correction later. 3 As the Ss talk in pairs monitor carefully to note any errors for correction later. 4 Have them first match and then write the sentences. 03 Cats on the other hand, are more independent. They need to have food, but will lead their own lives for much of the time, and will clean and amuse themselves. People sometimes say that cats choose their owners, not the other way around! Hamsters are very popular pets for younger children as they are quite easy to look after. A hamster needs regular food, but can look after itself for much of the time. Pedigree cats and dogs can be very expensive whereas hamsters and mice are quite cheap to buy. You may also need to buy a special home – a bird cage, a dog kennel, or an aquarium can all add considerably to the pet bill. Then you have to think about how much money you will need to look after your pet. Goldfish are quite cheap to feed, but cats and dogs can cost a lot: in food – and even more if they become ill and need to go to the vet’s! Finally, if you live in a small house or flat, don’t buy an animal which needs a lot of space. It isn’t fair on the animal and may make it become anxious and stressed. You must also make sure you can look after it easily. People sometimes keep exotic pets such as snakes, which are difficult to look after – and can cause a lot of trouble if they escape! 5 Put Ss into groups and decide which group will present which topic. Allow about ten minutes for Ss to discuss their ideas in groups and then join another group and form a group of eight. The group presenting topic A starts by talking to the other group who should try to ask follow up questions to keep the presentation going. The second group then repeats the process with their presentation. Continue the discussion in open class. 6 Provide a model of a Second Conditional sentence for them to follow. E.g. If you loved me, I would marry you. 7 In pairs they come up with their own ideas that they could exchange with the rest of the class. 8 Ss listen to the recording at least twice. If necessary write the animals on the board for them to complete the sentences in b. 1.27 Tapescript CD 1 Track 27 Choosing a pet Children often ask their parents for a pet and it is a hardhearted mother or father who can refuse their child’s request for a companion. Dogs are very friendly and affectionate and often become like a friend of the family – or even a family member! In return, they need a lot of attention and like to have people around. Unit test See photocopiable test on pages 76 and 77 and answers on page 89. Tapescript CD 1 Track 28 A: So how do you feel about taking your driving test? Do you think you’ll pass? B: Yes, I think I’ll definitely pass. I’ve had more than a hundred lessons and I feel very confident. C: Oh, I don’t feel as confident as that. I think I’ll probably pass but sometimes I make mistakes. D: Hmm, I may pass but I don’t know. I suppose it’s possible if the examiner is in a good mood! E: I don’t think that will make any difference to me! I probably won’t pass. I’ve only had six lessons and frankly I’m terrified. A: Well you all sound very confident compared with me. I’ve failed three times already and I know I certainly won’t pass! 37 04 Keeping up-to-date Objectives Go through the unit objectives with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Read, listen and talk about modern communication and technology. Write a blog, a formal and an informal email, an advertisement and a personal opinion paragraph. Use the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous when speaking and writing. Focus on reporting about your experience and opinion and giving instructions. Understand and evaluate the use of new technologies. Topic Family and social life Class resources Class CD Photocopiable Resource 4 Online dictionary Lesson 4.1 Is that correct? Objectives Timing • Listen to a person learning how to use a 2 hours 4.2 Critical age • Read a blog about a band; Use Present Perfect Simple and Continuous. 2 hours 4.3 Write smarter • Listen about a new electronic pen. 1 hour 4.4 Walk and talk • Read about portable phones. 2 hours OFT computer; practise giving instructions. Communication Project • Speak about the dangers of the Internet. • Practise strategies for interacting in a discussion; Read and write a formal and informal email. 1 hour Assessment • Language Assessment 1 hour • Unit test 1 hour • Checkpoint 30 minutes Encourage Ss to develop attitudes of respect for difficulties people might have when faced with new technology. Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study habits. Appreciate the importance of reflection and analysis in language Getting ready (Student’s book pages 54-55) This unit is about science and technology. Have Ss work in pairs to complete the following activities before you begin the unit. Remind Ss that all ideas are valid and that they should respect everyone’s ideas. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. If Ss are unable to perform this activity in English, allow them to perform it in Spanish. Encourage fast learners to do it in English. 38 Keeping up-to-date 4.1 Is that correct? Mom: This one? Teacher: Yes, that’s right! Very good. Teacher: ... and the next thing you need to do is to click on the icon that says NEW MESSAGE ... Now, type in the address ... make sure you get it right ... Mom: [RP accent] Bill Hickey at easymail.com Teacher: That’s right ... and don’t forget to put the subject of your email ... Mom: Subject? Do I have to write the word SUBJECT? Teacher: Well, no… actually, the idea is that you write a short description of the content of your mail. Mom:... em ... Hello! Is that OK? Teacher: Hello is fine ... Next you just write your message and that’s it! Mom: And what do I do next? Teacher: Next, to send your email, click on the envelope ... Mom: Like this? Teacher: That’s correct! … and you’ve just sent your first email. Mom: I wonder if you could help me? Teacher: Yes, of course. Tell me. Mom: Can I send a photo with this email? Teacher: Yes, sure ... Look, first click on the attachment icon ... the thing that looks like a paper clip ... do you see? Next, open the folders until you find the photo you want ... Mom: Uh huh ... Teacher: Have you done that? Right! Then you just double click on it, and it’s attached to your email. Have you got that? Mom: Is this alright? Teacher: Yes, that’s it. Well done! (Student’s book pages 56-57) This section introduces ways of giving instructions. Ss listen to instructions, identify the language used to give instructions and then practise them in a gap fill and a more communicative task. Culture notes Bill Clinton was a popular president between 1993 and 2001. He left office with an approval rate of 69%, the highest end of office rating of any president since Second World War. Now he’s involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. His wife, Hillary Clinton, is currently Barack Obama’s Secretary of State. Warm-up Introducing the topic of the lesson. Technology problems. Ss as a whole class talk about technology that they use in their lives. Elicit a list, e.g. computer, DVD player, iPod, etc, and write these on the board. Ss work alone to list them and order them according to the degree of difficulty they involve at the moment of being used. Ss then discuss in groups of three or four which they were told to use by other people, which they found out about by reading instructions and which they taught themselves. Before listening 1 Give Ss prompts to answer when describing the picture, e.g. Where is she? What is she doing? How does she feel? etc. Once Ss have discussed the questions elicit answers in open class. 2 1.29 Before Ss listen to the next extract, ask Ss to 5 predict what they might hear in each extract, e.g. attach something – sending a photo to family, sending a CV with a job application. Elicit ideas in open class before Ss listen. 3 Ask Ss to check if they know the words in the list. Encourage them to give a short description of each one. 6 1.29 7 1.29 Discuss the questions with Ss. Tell them that some years ago it was a common practise to write letters or cards. Listening 4 Before Ss listen to the recording have them predict the answer. Then have them listen and check. 1.29 Tapescript CD 1 Track 29 Mom: It’s my first day today ... My son is an exchange student in Australia, you see ... and I’ve been spending so much on phone bills, so he said that I should learn how to send emails, you know ... So that’s what I’m doing here ... Teacher: The first thing you have to do is to double click on the mail icon on your computer desk. 04 Have them listen to the recording for the second time and answer the questions. They may work in pairs and check answers with other pair. Ss listen again and check the expressions the teacher uses. 8 1.29 Ss may work in pairs. Then they compare answers with other pair before checking answers in open class. 9 1.29 Have Ss work in pairs. Monitor and assist when necessary. Check answers in open class. 10 1.30 Students listen and write and then compare their answers. 39 Tapescript CD 1 Track 30 Mom: Teacher: The first thing you have to do is to double click on the mail icon on your computer desk. Mom: This one? Teacher: Yes, that’s right! Very good. Teacher: ... and the next thing you need to do is to click on the icon that says NEW MESSAGE ... Now, type in the address ... make sure you get it right ... Mom: [RP accent] Bill Hickey at easymail.com Teacher: That’s right ... and don’t forget to put the subject of your email ... Mom: Subject? Do I have to write the word SUBJECT? Teacher; Well, no… actually, the idea is that you write a short description of the content of your mail. Mom:... em ... Hello! Is that OK? Teacher: Hello is fine ... Next you just write your message and that’s it! Mom: And what do I do next? Teacher: Next, to send your email, click on the envelope ... Mom: Like this? Teacher: That’s correct! … and you’ve just sent your first email. Mom: I wonder if you could help me. Teacher: Yes, of course. Tell me. Mom: Can I send a photo with this email? Teacher: Yes, sure ... Look, first click on the attachment icon ... the thing that looks like a paper clip ... do you see? Next, open the folders until you find the photo you want ... Mom: Uh huh ... Teacher: Have you done that? Right! Then you just double click on it, and it’s attached to your email. Have you got that? Mom: Is this alright? Teacher: Yes, that’s it. Well done! Optional activity Extend the activity by getting pairs to think of non-computer related objects to describe, such as a bicycle. They then join up with a second pair and take turns to describe their objects. This can be done with words that the Ss do not know in English to help them realise that, not knowing a word does not mean that they cannot use other words to communicate. Before you continue... Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 Do you think people should publish details of their personal life on the internet? Why(not)? 2 What would you do if someone published details of your personal life without your permission? 4.2 Critical Age (Student’s book pages 58-59) This section introduces the difference between the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous. Special difficulties: Ss may have been taught the Present Perfect Simple with for and since and be confused as to when to use the Simple and when the Continuous. Tell Ss that, unless the verb is a state verb, they should always use the continuous form to show that the activity is unfinished. After listening Culture notes 11 Blog is short for weblog. The word was first made up by John Barger in 1997 and the shorter form came into use in 1999, used as noun and verb. By 2005 there were over 50 million blogs online. Nick Rhodes (whose real name is Nicholas Bates) is a member of the group Duran Duran. He was born in 1962 near Birmingham in the centre of England. He formed Duran Duran with his school friend John Taylor in 1978. The Rock Garden is a famous club and restaurant in Covent Garden in the centre of London. It has been in existence for about 30 years and was the place where U2 played their first ever London concert, with an audience of about 30 people. Allow Ss to try to do this in pairs. Have Ss complete the chart and then play the recording for Ss to check their answers. 1.30 OFT You may use the quotation to have Ss reflect on the technological advances especially regarding communications. Ask them if, for example, if people use technology to communicate more or if, on the contrary, despite the technological advances, people communicate less. 12 13 Have Ss practise the dialogue. Choose some Ss to role-play the dialogue in front of the class. 14 Ss may work in pairs completing the email using the prompts given. 15 Ss get together in groups and make a list of positive and negative things which they associate with computers, Internet and emails. 40 16 Allow Ss time to read the instructions for their role and, after they have finished, elicit one or two pairs to act out their conversations in front of the class. Warm-up Review of the order of adjectives and clothes vocabulary. Are you observant? Tell Ss to sit back to back with their partner. Without looking round they should try to describe their partner’s appearance in as much detail as possible. Elicit descriptions from some of the Ss. Keeping up-to-date Before reading 9 1 Have Ss tell you what kind of text it is by just looking at the page. Ask them to tell you what clues they used to identify the text type. Look at the example sentences with Ss and elicit which rules they correspond to and why the different tenses have been used (1 an action started in the past and still continuing; 2 a finished action). Allow Ss to work in pairs but make sure that all Ss write the in their notebooks. Elicit answers and reasons for them. 2 10 Ss get in pairs to answer the questions. If they don’t know what to say, or if they haven’t got much experience with the Internet, have them talk about what they would do if they had more access to it. Reading 3 Have Ss read the whole text now and check their answers to exercise 1. In addition, they work underlining or highlighting the words they link to music. 4 Tell Ss that, when answering the questions, they should find the words which help them find the answer. Some Ss will know the answers before reading the article so tell them to read the article to check their answers. Some Ss will have their own blogs and, if they are willing to talk about them, it would be enriching to let them tell the class about them. 5 Read through the questions with the Ss and set a time limit for them to find the answers and discuss them in pairs (two minutes). Make sure Ss know what the words mean (gigs – concerts, demo CD – demonstration CD to allow record companies to hear what you sound like). After reading Work it out 6–7 Think Back! Put Ss into groups of three to do Exercises 3, 4 and 5 and allow five minutes for Ss to discuss their ideas. Elicit answers to the questions together. Check it out Be explicit to emphasize that they must write in paragraphs, with complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. Allow 10 minutes of class time for writing. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. When they finish writing, they trade papers with their partners to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. Before you continue... Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 Do you think people should publish details of their personal life on the Internet? Why(not)? 2 What would you do if someone published details of your personal life without your permission? 4.3 Write smarter (Student’s book pages 60-61) This section introduces the expressions used when being persuasive. The phrases are introduced through a listening and then the Ss practise them in a written task. Before listening 1 Read with your Ss some of the words they are going to hear. Tell Ss to use them to predict what the recording will be about. Go through the box with Ss. Elicit some time periods when for and since would be used, e.g. for two hours/a long time/hours; since Saturday/my birthday/last week. 2 We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Listening We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. “For five minutes,” “for two weeks,” and “since Tuesday” are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. 8 Put Ss into groups of three to analyse the alternatives and allow five minutes for Ss to discuss their ideas. Elicit answers to the questions together. 04 Read the quoted sentence with your Ss. Ask them in what occasion would someone use such language and where would they hear it. 3 1.31 Ss listen to the recording and check their answers. Tapescript CD 1 Track 31 Looking for the perfect gadget for college or work? Do you write so much that you have trouble keeping track of what was said as you wrote it? If you buy Intellipen, then you can leave those days behind you because Intellipen is the best gadget ever! This Intellipen records audio as you write and links the two things together. All you have to do is tap your notes to hear exactly what was said as you wrote it. The same thing occurs for drawings. Those notes can then be transferred to your computer. 41 This allows you to back up and share your notes easily if required. When the notes have been transferred to your computer, you can even search for certain words. This allows you to save time since you don’t have to write every word. Since I got it as a present for Christmas, I’ve never missed a word from my professors. If you find that you’d like to listen back to notes after they are written, then you will not regret buying this fantastic device. You must have it! It’s so easy to use. The setup is simple. You indicate whether you’re right or left-handed. Then you adjust the date and time by selecting buttons on a setup card with your pen tip. To take notes, you write with real ink on the special paper, which is covered with barely visible dots; they tell the pen’s camera where you are on the page. Once you’re done, you’ll have the option to upload your notes to the computer. The Paper Replay function lets you record a lecture while taking notes at the same time. When you’re listening to a recording, you can select a word by tapping on it in your notes. Then, the pen plays back whatever audio it recorded at that point in your writing. I guarantee you’ll love the results. Another virtue of the Intellipen is that it doesn’t serve as a distraction. Look, I’m a teenager. A laptop makes it incredibly easy to mask that you’re playing a game during a lecture or perusing webpages. Once you mute the volume and start typing, most teachers assume that you’re vigorously taking notes. With the Intellipen, it is a lot more difficult to fool around. Bottom line, this is a great pen for teachers, students, journalists, and is also a lot of fun for kids. My brother who is nine years old loves to write with it while he scribbles all over the pages and makes crazy sounds or draws pictures and tells stories at the same time. So I recommend this pen. 4 Once Ss listen to the recording they tell you what kind of text it is. Have the SS write the clues that helped them identify the text type. 5–9 1.31 Ss can work individually or in pairs. Elicit answers in open class. 10 1.31 Ss listen to the recording and sequence the sentences according to what they hear. Have them listen twice if necessary. Check answers in open class. After listening Speak out 11 Ss work in pairs discussing the expressions they would use if they had to convince someone to buy product. Check answers in open class and make a common list with all Ss ideas. 12 Ss listen to the recording and check the expressions the girl uses to persuade listeners to buy the product. Have them listen twice if necessary. Check answers in open class. 1.32 42 Tapescript CD 1 Track 32 Looking for the perfect gadget for college or work? Do you write so much that you have trouble keeping track of what was said as you wrote it? If you buy Intellipen, then you can leave those days behind you because Intellipen is the best gadget ever! Then you will not regret buying this fantastic device. You must have it! It’s so easy to use. The setup is simple. I guarantee you’ll love the results. Another virtue of the Intelipen is that it doesn’t serve as a distraction. With the Intellipen, it is a lot more difficult to fool around. This is a great pen for teachers, students, journalists, and is also a lot of fun for kids. So I recommend this pen. 13 First, ask Ss what they consider before they buy a product. 14 Have Ss work in pairs completing the dialogues. Then they practise it. Monitor and assist when necessary. Have Ss switch pairs. Then choose some Ss to perform the dialogues in front of the class. 15 Ss think about three reasons why they should buy the pen. Remind Ss that there are no correct or incorrect answers. Elicit answers in open class. 16 Have Ss get in pairs and practise the dialogue. 17 Ss work in pairs choosing an invention and writing an advertisement for it. Allow time to think of several ideas and discuss their usefulness. Encourage them to use expressions from Speak Out when doing the activity. Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 How was life before technology? 2 What are the most useful technological inventions? 4.4 Walk and talk (Student’s book pages 62-63) This section gives Ss speaking tasks and presents some new, phone related vocabulary from the text. Keeping up-to-date Culture notes Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1847 although he moved to Canada at the age of 23 and later became an American citizen. He is recognised as having invented the telephone although Antonio Meucci and Elisha Gray may also have been responsible for the invention. Martin Cooper was born in Chicago in 1928. He says he got the idea for the mobile phone after watching an episode of Star Trek in which Captain Kirk communicates with a similar looking machine. According to Cooper, ‘I decided this was a great opportunity to needle my counterpart at Bell Laboratories. I called him and said, ‘Joe, I’m calling you from a real portable cellular telephone.’” help them to find the answer. Elicit answers and key words, e.g. A 1876, 1950s, By the mid 1960s; B made a call; C testing; D predictions, future, will. 5 Have Ss go through the first paragraph and complete the sentences. 6 Ss work in pairs doing the matching exercise. Have them check answers with another pair before eliciting answers in open class. 7 Ss work in pairs filling the chart with the information needed. Have them check answers with another pair before eliciting answers in open class. Motorola started in 1928 although it had a different name until 1947. The word motor was used in the name because they made car radios. Motorola technology helped to bring Neil Armstrong’s words to us from the moon in 1969. 8 Ask Ss to read the text again and find two predictions made at the time it was written. Elicit answers in open class. The DynaTAC8000X weighed 785g and measured 300x44x 89mm. There was a 150mm aerial coming from the top of it and you could save 30 numbers in the memory of the phone. By the end of 1984 there were 300,000 users worldwide. The first film to feature one of these phones was 16 Candles, released in 1984. Work it out Warm-up Review of giving instructions. Alien game. Tell Ss you are an alien from a different planet and, although you understand English perfectly, you do not know what many nouns are. Pick up a tape recorder/CD player, unplugged and tell the class that you have been told you can hear music on it. Hold it up to your ear and tell Ss you cannot hear anything. Ss have to tell you what to do. Make them describe things (such as a plug) and follow their instructions. When Ss have finished, re-elicit all the instructions and sequencing words (first, next, etc). Before reading 1–2 Put Ss into pairs to answer the questions and have a whole class discussion afterwards. Reading After reading 9 Ss go through the text again and find the sentences used in it to make the predictions stated. Check it out Go through the box with Ss and point out that one way to make predictions is by using the modal verb will. We often use will to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here is an example: It will rain tomorrow. 10 Have Ss go back to the text and find those predictions which have already come true. 11–12 Put Ss in groups of four to first discuss what future inventions they think will come in the future. Once finished have them think about the questions. Ss share their ideas with everyone in their group before beginning the writing. Remind Ss to write in paragraphs, with complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. Allow 10 minutes of class time for writing. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. When they finish writing, they trade papers with their partners to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. 3 Set a strict time limit for this of two minutes so that Ss have to skim read rather than reading in detail. Ss compare what they found out in pairs and then decide the correct answer. Ask Ss to justify their answers if there is any disagreement. Note: Although the article gives some historical dates, it does not give any details and so seems to assume that readers already know about this. It also finishes with some predictions about the future but it is not a main point of the article. Before you continue… 4 Additional practise Photocopiable resourses. Resource 4. You’ve got my words! Page 69. Ss work alone. Set a time limit of two minutes again and ask Ss to mark words or phrases in each paragraph which 04 Have students respond orally or in writing to these questions: 1 Imagine how life was before telephones were invented. How do you think people communicated important news? 2 If you had to live without your telephone, what do think you would miss the most? Explain your response. 43 Communication project Neil: It was lucky that we were with you when you met him. Daria: Yeah, you can’t always believe what people tell you on chat sites. And think of the other dangers ... spyware programs can infect your computer and steal all your personal details so you should only register with websites that you can trust, and ... Hanif: Yeah, OK, OK, I’ve got the message. Neil: OK, let’s get back to that game. I’m going to win this time. Hanif: No, thanks. I don’t want to play a game. I’m going to check my email. Daria: Well, be careful. Hanif: Huh? Daria: Don’t open any emails from strangers. You can lose all your files if you get a virus. Hanif: You really know how to make someone feel miserable, Daria, you know ... (Student’s book pages 64-65) Speaking This section has a listening task which leads Ss to give their opinions of the Internet. Warm-up Review of technology vocabulary. Gapped words. Put Ss into two groups. Each group chooses a word from the last lesson and one person from each group comes to the board and writes dashes on the board corresponding to the number of letters in their word. Each group takes turns to guess a letter in the other group’s word and the first group to guess the word wins. 1 With books closed tell Ss to listen to the recording and make notes about each of the three speakers’ opinions about the Internet. After listening, Ss compare notes and then open their books to do Exercise 1. 1.32 Tapescript 44 CD 1 Track 33 Daria: [London accent] Here you are ... a coffee for you, Neil ... Neil: [Geordie accent] Thanks, Daria. Daria: ... and a diet-cola for you, Hanif. Hanif: [London accent] Cheers. I owe you one. Daria: Just give me your ticket for the Critical Age concert and we’re even. Hanif: What?! Daria: Take it easy, Hanif. I’m just joking ... Hey, have you heard about Chris and Vicky? They’ve split up! Neil: No way! Hanif: Really? Daria: Yeah, and that’s not all ... She’s been emailing some really embarrassing photos of him to everyone she knows, and she’s posted them on her blog and everything. Now, anyone could see them! The Internet’s a really dangerous place for ... Neil: That’s right. Rule number 1 – don’t send any photos that you don’t want the whole world to see. Daria: True. And did you see that story in the news? The police have arrested a 14-year-old boy for downloading songs from the net! Hanif: No, I don’t believe it! Daria: It’s true. You should be careful about what kind of files you download, the Internet is really dangerous. Hanif: No, it isn’t. It’s brilliant. Think of all the things you can do online – you can play games, get information for your homework, make friends on chat sites, and ... Neil: Yeah, OK, Hanif, you’re right, but you’ve got to be careful. I mean, for example, I know we’ve all met really nice people on chat sites. Hanif: Yeah, that’s how I met you guys! Neil: But remember that ‘cute girl’ you spent hours talking to last year, and it turned out that ‘she’ was an old man! Hanif: Oh, yeah! 2 Allow Ss time to choose the correct answer and think of an explanation for their decision (the dog is pretending to be a bunny so that it can meet, and eat, real bunnies). OFT This is an excellent opportunity to discuss the potential dangers of Internet. Lead a discussion on how people can prevent cybercrimes. 1.33 Allow Ss time to read through the gap fill and note 3 any words that they are sure of. After listening, Ss compare in pairs before you elicit the answers. 1.34 Drill the vowel sounds of the three words in the 4 table. Ss work in pairs and read through the words in the box together trying to work out what vowel sound they have. Elicit ideas and then Ss listen to check. Tapescript CD 1 Track 34 Uncle, tracksuit, toolbar, apple, cup, card, fun, fan, fashion, radical, bump, mascara, mark, club, park, recharge. 5 Read the Speaking Strategies box with Ss. Make sure they understand everything. 6 Put Ss in groups of 3, try to group Ss according to their abilities, i.e. put stronger Ss together, so that they can try to help each other express their ideas. If necessary, allow weaker Ss to write down their ideas before beginning. Writing This section introduces Ss to informal letter writing. Special difficulties: Unlike most writing tasks, this is something that Ss probably do in their own lives. Although this should make it easier, it may also lead to more resistance to using the vocabulary and layout necessary in the exam. Ss need to be told that, although in their own letters they can write in any Keeping up-to-date way they like, this is an exam task the same as any other and they should learn to adapt their normal style of writing in class and homework exercises. Warm-up Review of inventions and the Present Perfect. Perfect technology. Tell Ss to think of an item of technology that other students are likely to have. They should then write five questions about the object, e.g. How long have you had it? How much did it cost? Have you ever …? Have you been using it a lot recently? etc. When Ss are ready, they mingle and ask their questions to as many Ss as possible. Monitor and note errors in question formation and have a correction slot at the end of the activity. 1 Put Ss into groups of three or four. Ss look at the example question. Elicit more ideas in open class but do not write them down, e.g. Who do you send postcards to when you are on holiday? Ss may not remember them exactly but will have heard ideas from other Ss to help get them started. Each student in the groups writes their own questions and then asks the others in their group and notes their answers. Elicit questions asked and information found. 2–3 Tell Ss to do the exercise alone recognising both formal and informal style. Then they reflect on the style they use to address people from different age. 4 Ss read the emails and then they work comparing them. Have them underline the phrases or words that give them cues to differentiate styles. 5 Ss work alone to develop and write two emails. Read through the instructions and make sure Ss understand what they are to do. If possible, allow time in class for peer-revision of the first draft. You may collect revised version for a grade. Language assessment 04 2 Ss work alone to complete the exercise. Compare answers with a partner before presenting in class. 3 Ss work in pairs to complete the task. Look at the options and explain why some require a Present Perfect (1,3, 4, 5), others require a Present perfect continuous (2, 6) and another a Present Continuous (7). Practise other questions, such as How long have you known Colin? Where did you meet?... [on that first time you met]?). Elicit what the answers would be (I have known Colin for six years. We met at primary school.) and tell Ss to use full sentences in their answers. When Ss have carried out the role-plays from the back of the book, nominate one or two pairs to carry them out in front of the whole class. 4 Ss read the email and complete it using the cues given in the box. 1.35 Have Ss listen and answer the questions. Play the 5 recording twice if necessary. Tapescript CD 1 Track 35 Assistant: The first thing you’ve got to do is put your basket here on the left. Customer: Here? Assistant: Yes, that’s right. Now scan your first item. Make sure you move it from left to right in front of the screen. Customer: Like this? Assistant Yes, that’s it. Don’t forget to put your shopping in the bag on the right. Customer: How do I pay? Assistant: First, you have to touch the screen here. Customer: Which button do I touch? Assistant: The one with ‘pay now’ on it. Customer: OK. Assistant: Now press if you want to pay with cash or card. Customer: Thank you – I think I can manage it myself now. (Student’s book pages 66-67) 1 Divide Ss into teams of 3-4, combining weak and strong Ss. Ss raise their hands to claim a box when everyone on the team agrees on the answer. Anyone may be called on to answer, so everyone must know the answer. If the answer is correct, the Ss claim the box, if not, they lose their turn. Teams try to get 5 boxes in a row by blocking other teams when possible. Whichever team has their hands up, the first to complete a sentence plays next—this is not a turn-taking activity. The winners are the first group to complete 5 in a row, or the group with the most connecting boxes by the end of a set time. Ss may work alone or with a partner to prepare and present instructions. Encourage presenters to say what to do and check understanding. Encourage the audience to communicate that they have understood. Unit test See photocopiable test on pages 78 and 79 and answers on page 89. Tapescript CD 1 Track 36 The first thing you’ve got to do is click on the icon. Alright? Then you type your message. Have you done that? You don’t need to type in your address. Have you got that? Yes, that’s great, thanks. 45 Checkpoint Units 3 - 4 (Student’s book page 68-69) Have students complete the tasks and grade themselves. They will find the answer key at the bottom of page 38. Then they can hand in these marks. You may want to discuss their grades with them individually and help them with strategies to do better. See answer key in Student’s book, page 69. Listening 1 1.37 Provide a little guidance. Have them read the instructions and answer. Tapescript CD 1 Track 37 Presenter: [East Midlands accent] Right, now it’s time for our weekly Every Living Thing spot, and this week we want to talk about keeping exotic pets in Britain. There are a large number of species that can be called exotic pets, including mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and insects. We have in the studio Jessica Henshaw, a zoologist, who has recently published a book on exotic pets in Britain, and has kindly agreed to answer some of our listeners’ questions. First of all, Jessica, a question from Daniel. Daniel: [Southern English accent] Oh, hello. I just wonder why so many people want to keep exotic pets. Jessica: [RP accent] Well, more and more people want to keep these animals in their homes simply because there are more and more unusual species that can be bought and brought home. So, we can observe that tarantulas, iguanas, salamanders and snakes are all becoming more and more popular as pets. Presenter: I suppose that leads us to Sophie’s question. Sophie? Sophie: [RP accent] Thank you. What is the most important thing which you have to consider if you want to keep, say, a spider or a snake? Jessica: First of all you need to know that many species are illegal in the UK, either because they may be dangerous to other people or because of the animal’s conservation status in the wild. That’s why you have to find out about any laws concerning your chosen species, and whether or not you will need a permit. Presenter: Interesting. What do you do then? Jessica: Find out everything there is to know about the species you are thinking of. Buy a good care guide, talk to your vet, surf the net and contact other people who have the same pet to find out the pros and cons. How much space will your pet require? Do you need a really big house for it to run around? If it needs regular exercise, make sure you have enough spare time each day. How long will your pet live? Some species of reptile may live longer than you, so are you prepared to spend the whole of your life looking after it? Presenter: Sounds like it is not an easy decision to make. Jessica: Indeed. There are many more factors to consider. For instance, it may be difficult to find a vet who has experience with exotic pets, so, you should find out if there is one in your neighbourhood. And the next question …? Presenter: Right. Olivia is worried about her family, is that right? Olivia: [slight Scottish accent] Yeah, exactly. Is it a good idea to have an exotic pet when you have little kids? 46 Jessica: Well, to tell you the truth, children and exotic pets don’t really mix, so maybe it would be a better idea to buy a dog or a guinea pig instead, especially considering that some species are potentially dangerous to people and other animals. For example, tarantulas may bite if they feel threatened and release their hairs, which can irritate your skin and eyes. Presenter: Now on to Thomas. Thomas: [Yorkshire accent] Oh, hello. I just wanted to ask about the financial aspect of the whole thing. Jessica: That’s a good question. In most cases the cost of accommodation, food and vet bills is likely to be higher than the initial price of the pet, so think carefully about whether you are prepared for the expense. Plus, exotic pets have specific food requirements, and may need to be fed with foods that are quite expensive to get, or that are really unpleasant to deal with, such as frozen mice. Also, who will look after your pet if you go on holiday? It may not be as easy to find a willing pet-sitter for a tarantula as it would be for a cute little kitten. Presenter: OK, well, sadly that’s all we’ve got time for, so Jessica, any final message for our listeners. Jessica: As you can see, there are a lot of factors involved while choosing an exotic pet, or, rather, deciding whether to have one in the first place. So, take your time. It is better to think twice than to be scared of your own pet, or to have to give it to the local zoo because it turned out to be too expensive. Presenter: That’s all for this afternoon. Thank you to all our callers and I actually have a question for Jessica … Reading 1 They face this activity with no help from the teacher to see whether they can follow instructions independently. 2 They do this exercise independently and check their score independently as well. Speaking Have Ss choose a partner in order to do the activity. Monitor performance. Writing Ss work alone completing the letter. Self-check Ss reflect on their learning in the two first units. Have them complete the chart with their own information. You may want to discuss this information with the students and may suggest additional practise. Encourage Ss to take the time to answer thoroughly. This activity is to promote awareness of learning and is a personal reflection. Answers can be discussed in class if Ss want. 05 Success! Where the heart is 06 Objectives Go through the unit objectives with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Read, listen and talk about success and achievements, work and education. Write a personal profile and an application form. Use the Third Conditional: I wish; if only when speaking and writing. Focus on expressing regrets and giving advice. Appreciate the use of English to communicate with others. Topic School; Work Class resources Class CD Photocopiable Resource 5 Online dictionary Lesson 5.1 If only… • Listen to someone speaking about his regrets and Objectives Timing 2 hours Unit OFT • Read about a top comedian. Practise Conditionals 2 hours • Read about Chilean athletes; Write about personal 2 hours • Listen to advice to become successful and 1 hour • Speaking dealing with mistakes; Writing an 1 hour Develop confidence in ability to understand and communicate in English. • Language assessment 1 hour • Unit test 1 hour Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study habits. Appreciate the importance of reflection and analysis in language learning. speak about regrets. 5.2 Happy accidents 1, 2 and 3. Write about an hypothetical situation. 5.3 Sometimes you win Encourage students to appreciate the use of English to communicate with others. goals. 5.4 Be successful! participate in coaching conversation. Communication Project application form. Assessment Getting ready (Student’s book pages 70-71) This unit is about success and achievement. Have Ss work in pairs to complete the following activities before you begin the unit. Remind Ss that all ideas are valid and that they should respect everyone’s ideas. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. If Ss are unable to perform this activity in English due to lack of sufficient speaking skills, allow them to perform it in Spanish. Encourage fast learners to do it in English. 47 5.1 If only… Colin: Look, I’m sorry guys. I’m on stage in 20 minutes. Please excuse me, I have to get ready ... Reporter 3: One more quick question. Can you tell us if there’s any truth in the rumours that … Mum: [Welsh accent] Wrexham 522890? Colin: Mum?! Mum: Colin! I thought you were supposed to be in America! Colin: I am in America. Mum, I have to go on stage in 15 minutes and I just can’t take it any more! I wish I didn’t have to play tonight. If only I could have a quiet evening at home in front of the TV. Mum: Don’t be silly. There’s just been rubbish on the TV tonight … Colin: What a mess I’ve made of my life! If only I’d never left the band – those guys in Critical Age were my best friends. In fact ... I wish I had never entered the music business … Mum: Oh stop being so dramatic. Those young people have paid good money to see you tonight. And you didn’t remember what I said to you about your shirts … Colin: Er, what? Mum: I couldn’t believe it this morning. On the front page of the newspapers. My son kissing Jocelyn Parker in a dirty shirt! (Student’s book pages 72-73) This section introduces If only and I wish to talk about regrets. The structures can be compared to Second and Third Conditional to make them easier to understand, e.g. the use of the Past Simple to talk about the present. Warm-up Review of the last lesson. Vertical word play. Write the word success vertically down the left-hand side of the board. Tell Ss that they have to define success in seven words, starting with the seven letters of the word. They can be nouns (e.g. Success is strength, upbringing, calmness, cheerfulness, earnings, safety and sunshine.) or adjectives (e.g. A successful person is strong, unstoppable, calm, cheerful, easy-going, skilful and special.). Ss work in groups of three or four and read out their definitions in open class. Before listening 1 Ss work in groups of three or four to discuss the questions. 2 Allow Ss time to read through the instructions and make sure they understand all the words given. Ss then discuss the questions in pairs for two or three minutes. Elicit ideas in open class and write all the disadvantages of fame on the board. Ss work alone to answer this question. Check in pairs before eliciting answers in open class. 1.38 5 Listening 1.38 Ss may work in pairs discussing this question. Ask Ss to write down the words they consider important to answer whether Colin is happy or not. 3 6 Ss listen and decide what type of text it is. When checking answers ask Ss what cues led them to their decision. 1.38 Tapescript CD 1 Track 38 Reporter 1: [American accent] So Colin, how does it feel to be in the US for the first time? Colin: [Welsh accent] Yeah ... it’s, uh, OK ... Reporter 2: [American accent] Is it true that you are having a romance with Jocelyn Parker? Colin: Er, look, we’re just friends, right? Reporter 1: How do you feel about the success of your record in the States? Colin: Yeah, well, surprised, I think … Reporter 3: Colin, you’ve probably heard about today’s terrible tragedy in Sacramento. Do you have a message for all your fans? Colin: Well, obviously I … Reporter 1: So when exactly are you getting married to Ms. Parker? Colin: Look, I told you that we ... Reporter 2: Are you still in touch with the members of your ex-band? 48 4 1.38 Have Ss listen again and check whether the sentences are true or false. Elicit answers in open class. You could ask Ss to correct those sentences which are false. 1.38 Ss may work in pairs doing the matching activity. 7 They may check with another pair before checking answers in open class. 8 Have Ss get in groups of four in order to discuss this question. Then conduct a brainstorming to get cues for Ss answers. Have Ss listen again if necessary. Ask them focus on Colin’s attitude. 1.38 1.38 Ss may wok in pairs sequencing the events 9 according to what they have heard. If necessary play the recording once more. After listening 10 Have Ss answer these questions in their own words. Work it out 11 Check “regret”. Ss work in pairs to answer the questions. Elicit the answers and the structures used. Success! Check it out Go through the box with Ss and elicit any regrets they have about the past or present, e.g. I wish I wasn’t here now! You can use this structure when you would like things to be different from the way they actually are. Use the verb wish to refer to how you would like things to be in the present or to talk about how you would like things to be in the future. It can also be used to talk about the way things were in the past, but obviously the past can’t be changed. 12 Ask Ss to read through the four sentences and elicit whether they have a regret about the present or the past. Point out the similarities between the conditional form (using the past tense to talk about an impossible present) and the form for regrets. Ss then write the wishes alone and check in pairs. 13 Reading 3 Have Ss read the underlined sentence and the map on the right. Have Ss conclude what path Hardeep took. Elicit answers in open class. 4 Ask Ss to work alone figuring out where they would find this kind of text. Elicit answers in open class. Have Ss tell you what cues they used for their answer. 5–6 Ss may work in pairs. Then check answers with another pair before eliciting answers in open class. After reading Have Ss get together in pairs and practise the dialogue. Monitor and assist where necessary. Check pronunciation. Work it out 14 7 Tell Ss that there may be more than one way of writing each wish, e.g. I wish I could sing; I wish I was better at singing; I wish I had learned to sing. Tell Ss to write one sentence for each and, if some Ss finish early, they should try to write more for each situation. 15 Have Ss get together in groups of six to play the game. Monitor and assist where necessary. Make sure all Ss have the opportunity to talk. Before you continue Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: Explain why it can be difficult being famous. 5.2 Happy accidents! (Student’s book pages 74-75) This section introduces the Third Conditional. Special difficulties: Ss often find this a complicated structure and need a lot of controlled practise before they can be expected to use it accurately. There is a chance that, when Ss make their own sentences, they think of a present result of the imaginary past. If this happens, point out that, to do this, they need a mixed conditional but use examples and explanations that encourage Ss to think of a past result so that this extra structure is avoided. Before you begin 1 Ss discuss in pairs then elicit answers in open class. Make sure all Ss give their opinion. 2 Have Ss read the title and the lead of the text and ask them what they think the text is going to be about. 05 Look at the two sentences (a and b) with the Ss and ask: Did she leave school early? (No) Did she meet her (the Art teacher)? (Yes) Did she go to Bath? (No) Did she become an artist? (No). Ss then answer the three questions in the book in open class. Check it out Ss read through the box alone. When they have finished, rephrase the information in the box telling Ss that the Third Conditional is used to describe the imaginary past result of an imaginary past situation. Ask Ss: What did you do last night? If they say I stayed at home ask Why? Whatever the reason, e.g. I had a lot of homework or I wanted to watch TV, ask a follow up Third Conditional question, e.g. What would you have done if you hadn’t had lots of homework? 8 As this is a difficult structure, it is worth doing the first one with the whole class. Elicit the two possible endings to the statement (she would have had/she wouldn’t have had). Ask: Did she have lots of friends? (No) Why? (Because she was the only Asian in the village.) Would there have been more Asians at a school in London? (Yes) Would she have had more friends? (Yes). Ss then do the rest of the exercise in pairs. 9 Think Back! Ss work in pairs. Go through the answers and elicit the form of the First and Second Conditionals, i.e. If + Present Simple, will (or other modal) + infinitive; If + Past Simple, would (or other modal) + infinitive. 10 Ss work in pairs. Tell Ss to read all the sentences before they do the gap fills to identify the time (past, present or future) and the likelihood (likely, unlikely, impossible/imaginary). They then put the verbs in the correct form. Note: In gap 5 two answers are possible. 11 When Ss have completed the exercise, elicit some answers and ask (and elicit) follow–up questions, e.g. If I had got up an hour earlier, I would have gone jogging. – If you had gone jogging, where would you have gone jogging/how far would you have jogged? 49 12 Remind Ss to write paragraphs, with complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. Allow 10 minutes of class time for writing. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. When they finish writing, they trade papers with their partners to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. Before you continue... Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: 1 Think of a time in your life when a small change in plans created a big change. 2 How much of success is dependent on luck? How much on hard work? 5.3 Sometimes you win (Student’s book pages 76-77) This section introduces prepositional phrases. Special difficulties: Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase seems the logical subject of a verb. Remind Ss that they will never find a subject in a prepositional phrase. Culture notes Fernando Francisco González Ciuffardi (born July 29, 1980) is a professional tennis player. He is known for having one of the hardest-hitting forehands on the circuit. In Spanish he is called El Bombardero de La Reina (“The La Reina Bomber”) and Mano de Piedra (“Stone Hand”). The English-language media has labeled him “Gonzo”. González is one of the few active players to have reached at least the quarter-final round of all four Grand Slam tournaments. He played his first major final at the 2007 Australian Open, losing to top-ranked Roger Federer. He is the fourth male tennis player in history to have won each Olympic medal (gold in doubles and bronze in singles at Athens 2004, and silver in singles at Beijing 2008). Throughout his career, he has defeated many former number-one players, including Lleyton Hewitt, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer (all while they held the top spot), Rafael Nadal, Andy Roddick, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Carlos Moyà, Gustavo Kuerten, Marat Safin and Pete Sampras. González has qualified twice for the year-end Masters Cup event and was runner-up at two Masters Series tournaments. Before reading 1 2 Ss work in groups of three or four to discuss the questions. In the same groups, Ss discuss the question. Lead a brainstorming for Ss to agree on one answer. 50 3 Have Ss read the key word and predict what the text will be about. Reading 4–7 Ss work alone reading the profiles and answering the questions. Before eliciting answers in open class, have Ss check in pairs. 8 Working in pairs, Ss decide which title best suits each profile. Discuss reasons why. Additionally, you may ask Ss to think of a different title for each profile. 9 Ss work in pairs finding the information in the text. After reading Work it out 10 Have Ss work in pairs completing the sentences. They may refer back to the text to do so. Check answers in open class. Check it out Ss read through the box alone. When they have finished tell Ss that in simple terms, prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and an object of a preposition. Prepositions are indeclinable words that introduce the object of a prepositional phrase. Indeclinable words are words that have only one possible form. For example, below is a preposition, but belows or belowing are not possible forms of below. The noun phrase or pronoun that follows the preposition is called the object of the preposition. For example, behind the couch is a prepositional phrase where behind is the preposition and the noun phrase the couch acts as the object of the preposition. Sometimes adjectives are used to further modify the object of the preposition, as in behind the big old smelly green couch. 11 Have Ss work in pairs and then elicit answers in open class. 12 Have Ss write a short summary. They may work in pairs. Then choose a couple to read their summaries in front of the class. 13 Ss work alone writing their own profile. Monitor and assist where necessary. Have them check in pairs before choosing a couple to read their summaries in front of the class. Remind Ss to write complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. Allow 10 minutes of class time for writing. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. When they finish writing, they trade papers with their partners to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. Before you continue... Have Ss respond orally or in writing to this question: Do you think being good at something is an innate skill or an acquired skill? Success! 5.4 Be successful! Marcus: Right. Natalie: And when you meet someone, it’s worth trying someone, it’s worth trying to memorise at least one detail about them. Obviously their name but also the name of their boyfriend or girlfriend or children... or you know, their favourite football team, where they usually go on holiday … Then if you see them again, it’ll be so much easier to start chatting. You might find it useful to make notes on little cards where you write down what you remember about people after a party. And then before the next party, you can read your notes again. Marcus: Mmm. I’m not so sure about that idea. It seems a bit strange. The sort of thing a spy would do … Natalie: Well, Marcus, a lot of my clients say it helps them. And then there are certain topics that everyone talks about – sport, the latest popular films or TV programmes or music. So I think you ought to make more of an effort to keep up-to-date with what’s going on. Marcus: Well, I don’t know very much about films ... I never have time to see any. Natalie: So Marcus … you’d better start reading a few film reviews at least. Also it’s really important to look as relaxed as you can when you meet people. Remember to smile a lot and speak in a clear, confident voice ... that it’s coming from your stomach and not your throat. Marcus: Ah! You mean like this? Natalie: Yes, basically … You know Marcus … you’ve got a lovely sense of humour. Why don’t you just be yourself? (Student’s book pages 78-79) This section introduces ways of giving advice, first through a listening and then Ss are given the chance to use them in a speaking exercise. Warm-up Review of wishes and regrets. Tennis. Put Ss into two groups. Have something (a little ball, a marker) that can be thrown from one group to the other. One group starts by giving a sad situation, e.g. My house is very small. They then pass the object to the other side who has to make a wish or regret connected to the situation, e.g. I wish I had a bigger house. They pass the object back to the first group who makes another sentence, e.g. If only I could move. This keeps going until one group makes a grammatical mistake or is unable to think of another idea. The other team wins a point and they ‘serve’ again with a new situation. Before listening 1 Write success on the board and elicit ideas of what it means. Ss then open their books and look at the advert. Elicit ideas from Ss and write a class-agreed definition on the board. 2 Tell Ss to imagine they were talking to a stranger at a party. Which of the points would make them think better of the person and which would not. Elicit ideas but do not tell Ss the correct answers yet. Listening 3 4–5–6 1.39 Ss work in pairs choosing a title for the text. Tell Ss to make notes of important facts and information while they are listening. Allow a second listening if necessary. 7 1.40 Ss work alone checking the advice they hear on the recording. Allow a second listening if necessary. Tapescript Allow Ss to compare answers after the listening and let them listen a second time if necessary. 1.39 Tapescript CD 1 Track 40 When you meet somebody for he first time you should introduce yourself first. It’s worth trying to memorise at least one detail about them. You might find it useful to make notes on little cards. You ought to make more of an effort to keep up-to-date with what’s going on. You’d better start reading a few film reviews at least. Remember to smile a lot. Why don’t you just be yourself? CD 1 Track 39 Marcus: [RP accent] So you see … at the end of every party I find myself alone in the kitchen. Is it because my conversation is just too boring? Natalie: [RP accent] Well, it sounds like you’re making a classic mistake there Marcus. You don’t have to be interesting to be a social success. Marcus: Really? Natalie: No, not at all. But you’ve got to make it easy for other people to make conversation with you. When you meet somebody for the first time you should introduce yourself first. You know ... your name, where you come from, what you do, who else you know at the party. When you do that, it’s much easier to start a conversation about something that’s interesting for both of you. If you don’t, there’s the danger that you’ll both talk about how tasty the salad is or something. 05 After listening Speak out 8 Read through the box with Ss. Write a problem on the board, e.g. I am having problems with my studies. Elicit advice from Ss – each student has to use a different structure. Keep going until all nine structures have been used. Ss then look through the sentences and listen to complete them. 51 9 Ss work alone to complete the conversation. Check answers in pairs before eliciting in open class. Ss practise the dialogue in pairs. Choose two or three pairs to act out the dialogue in front of the class. Mind the trap! Go through the box with Ss. Remind Ss of the problem earlier (with studies). Ask which advice is important enough to need You’d better. Elicit ideas and correct where necessary. 10 Put the Ss into groups of five. One student reads out the first problem and the others give advice. The student who reads out the problem writes down the best two pieces of advice they are given. The next student repeats the process for the second problem and so on until the groups have gone through all ten problems. Elicit ideas in open class. 3 Elicit or check the meaning of fulfil (make something expected happen) and overcome (to succeed in dealing with something bad). Ss work in pairs and guess collocations if they are not sure. Elicit the answers and the meanings of each. 1.41 Elicit what the word stress patterns mean (the 4 number of syllables is given and the syllable which is stressed is marked). Elicit the sound of each pattern through humming and then drill the four words given. Ss attempt to fit the other words to the right pattern before listening. After listening, drill all the words with the whole class. Tapescript passenger equipment activity destination abandon achievement adrenalin advertisement application departure concentration development disaster industry influence inhabitant inspiration memorise percentage prejudice reservation Before you continue... Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: Is everyone’s idea of success the same? Explain different ways in which one can be successful. Additional practise Photocopiable resources. Resource 5. If the queen hadn’t visited... Page 70. Communication project (Student’s book pages 80-81) Speaking This section deals with making mistakes while speaking. Warm-up Review of the last lesson. What’s my problem? This works best if you have stickers or post-it notes. Each student writes a problem on a sticker and, without showing it to their partner; they stick it on their partner’s back (or forehead). Ss then mingle and give advice to each other without mentioning what the problem is. When Ss have finished, they sit with their partner and guess what their problem is based on the advice they were given. They can then remove the sticker to see if they were correct. 1 Elicit answers and write up ideas on the board, whether they are right or wrong, e.g. for 1 write successful, succeed or anything else Ss come up with. Elicit what kind of word each is and then ask Ss what kind of word is needed in the sentences. Ss correct their original answers where necessary. 2 Ss guess in groups of four. Go through the answers and explain the meanings of any new words, e.g. to flunk is an informal American word for fail. Point out that we can say to be up to the task to indicate success. 52 CD 1 Track 41 5 Read through the Speaking Strategies box with the Ss. Make sure they understand everything. 6 Allow thirty seconds for Ss to choose two topics each to talk about and thirty seconds thinking time. After Ss discuss their topics in pairs, nominate Ss to talk in open class. Writing This section introduces writing application forms for jobs. 1 Before Ss start the exercise, ask if anyone has ever had to fill in an application form for a job or a course. If so, ask what sort of information was needed. Ss then read through the form quickly to find out the applicant’s qualities and achievements. Elicit these and then Ss work in pairs to think of the word which should go in the four gaps. 2 Read through the Train your brain box with Ss. Make sure they understand everything. 3 Write some advice on the board to be used as models. Have Ss get in pairs. Ask them to figure out what advice the readers from each one of the book will get. Remind them that there are no right or wrong answers. 4 Refer Ss to the glossary on page 25. Ss note down positive adjectives to describe their personality and any achievements they think. They then copy the format of the application form with their details. 5 Remind Ss to write complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. Success! Language assessment Unit Test (Student’s book pages 82-83) See photocopiable test on pages 80 and 81 and answers on page 89. 1 In groups of three to four, Ss roll a dice and move around the board completing the sentences or giving advice. Each sentence must be original—no repeating, and correct. If there is a doubt encourage Ss to work it out in their groups or ask the teacher. If there are no dice available, Ss may write numbers 1-6 on small slips of paper and randomly select one to determine how many spaces to move. 2 Ss work alone to choose the correct form of the word or phrase. Check in pairs before eliciting answers in open class. 3–4 Ss work alone first rewriting the sentences using conditionals and then writing sentences of their own. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. 5 1.42 Have Ss listen to the recording and answer the questions. Tapescript 05 CD 1 Track 42 Francis Gregory’s successful career as a singer isn’t the one he planned. When he was at school, he sang in a band as a hobby but he planned to go to university to study Maths. Unfortunately, he was in an accident when he was 17 and spent six months in hospital. The accident happened late at night when he was cycling home from a party. It was dark when he left the party and he didn’t have any bike lights. However, there wasn’t much traffic so he decided to cycle anyway. As he was cycling through the centre of town he was hit by a car. The driver, Katy, was going too fast so she didn’t see Francis until it was too late. Luckily, Katy stopped and took him to hospital. Francis was very badly injured and the doctor said that he could have died if the driver hadn’t helped him. Katy felt very guilty so she visited him frequently while he was in hospital. Surprisingly, Francis and Katy became good friends and when Francis finally left hospital. Katy put him in touch with a friend in a band. Francis had missed all his exams while he was in hospital so he decided to go for an audition. The band liked his voice and he got the job as their singer. Tapescript CD 1 Track 43 Gary: Good morning, it’s Gary Bishop here with It’s your life, the programme which discusses the things you’re interested in. This morning we are very fortunate to have Meg Foster. The well-known expert and writer on the way we live nowadays. She’s going to talk to us about her work and her new book which is about the work/life balance. Welcome to the programme, Meg. Megan: Thank you, Gary. It’s very nice to be here with you today. Gary: First of all, Meg, can I ask you what is the work/life balance? It’s something everybody talks about but I’m never exactly sure what it means. Megan: Well, it’s a new name for an old idea. People have been trying to achieve a work/life balance for years. It really means having a fulfilled life where you do enough work to earn money to live but still have time to enjoy yourself and do other things outside work. Gary: But, isn’t that rather a luxury? I mean most people’s struggling to earn a living and they are very glad if they can manage to do that without worrying about anything else Megan: Yes that’s true, of course. I’m very aware that many people are too busy working to think about creating a balanced life. But one thing for sure is that most people won’t say at the end of their lives “If only I’d spent more time in the office”. I want to stop people from having any regrets and wishing they’d done something with their lives. Gary: How can you do that? Megan: Well, simply asking people what they really want out of their lives and encourage them to stop and think do they want to spend time with their family or learn a new language or travel, perhaps write a book. Once they know what they would really want to do, they can take steps to make sure it happens. Gary: Are you suggesting people should they give up their jobs? Megan: No, that wouldn’t be very practical. No, I’m really just saying that everyone should make sure that they don’t spend every minute thinking about work. A high proportion of companies now see that their employees will be more contented if they don’t expect them to work all the time. Gary: Well, that’s very interesting, Meg. Stay with us listeners and after the break, I’ll be asking Meg for some ideas on how to have a life outside work. So, we’ll be back after these words from our sponsors. 53 06 Where the heart is Objectives Go through the unit objectives with your Ss. It is important that they know in advance what is expected from them. Read, listen and talk about home, houses and places. Write a story about a memorable place. Use adjectives, collocations and relative clauses when speaking and writing. Focus on expressing and identifying emotions and attitude; persuading and giving opinions. Reflect on the need to adapt and appreciate different social and material circumstances. Topic Home; The environment Class resources Class CD Photocopiable Resource 6 Online dictionary Lesson Objectives Timing 6.1 Homes, sweet homes • Listen to a phone conversation between a tourist agent and a customer. 2 hours 6.2 A life of their own • Read about famous homes. 2 hours 6.3 Almost a ghost town • Listen about Sewell. Write a description of photos. 1 hour 6.4 No place like home? • Read about living away from home. Write an opinion paragraph. 2 hours Communication Project • Speaking about homes Writing about a place. 1 hour Assessment Language Assessment 1 hour Unit test 1 hour Checkpoint 30 minutes Self-check 10 minutes OFT Encourage students to develop an attitude of reflection towards lifestyles and different circumstances. Develop confidence in ability to understand and communicate in English. Understand the importance of developing learner autonomy and good study Getting ready (Student’s book pages 84-85) This unit is about home and the environment. Have Ss work in pairs to complete the following activities before you begin the unit. Remind Ss that all ideas are valid and that they should respect everyone’s ideas. Monitor and assist where necessary. Elicit answers in open class. If Ss are unable to perform this activity in English due to lack of sufficient speaking skills, allow them to perform it in Spanish. Encourage fast learners to do it in English. 54 Where the heart is 6.1 Homes, sweet homes (Student’s book pages 86-87) This section focuses at making telephone calls and taking and leaving messages. Warm-up Ss work in groups of four. Tell each group to write three sentences that they commonly use when they call a friend on the phone. Then to write two or three sentences that they use when they talk with an adult on the phone, such as a teacher or their best friend’ mother or father. Do they use the same language? Before listening 1 Have Ss look at the photos and try to imagine what the people are talking about. Elicit answers in open class. 2 Check Ss understanding of the phrases. If they know their meaning, have Ss explain the meaning in English. Listening 1.44 Have Ss to listen to the first part of the 3–4 conversation and answer the questions. Elicit answers in open class. Tapescript CD 1 Track 44 Travel agent: International Travels Tourism Agency. This is Andrew Jones speaking. How can I help you? Woman: Hi Andrew. This is Mary Connors. We talked yesterday about some places to visit… Travel agent: Yes, Mrs. Connors, I remember you perfectly well. Tell me, have you made up your mind yet? Woman: Well, not quite… you see… my husband wants to go to Barcelona. He’s an architect and he’d really love to visit Casa Milá. I’m much more interested in going to the Caribbean and visit Ian Fleming’s house. And we both want to visit Sewell, the mining town in Chile. Any suggestions? Travel agent: mmm. Mrs. Connors, give me a couple of hours and I’ll find the best suitable alternative for you. Woman: Sure, thank you very much. Bye. Travel agent: Bye, Mrs. Connors. 1.45 Have Ss listen to the second part of the 5–6 conversation and answer the questions. Allow a third listening of the recording if necessary. Elicit answers in open class. Tapescript 06 CD 1 Track 45 Woman: 234321 Braxton. Travel agent: Hello. This is Andrew Jones with International Travels Tourism Agency. Could I speak to Mrs. Connors, please? Woman: I’m sorry, she’s isn’t here right now. Can I take a message? Travel agent: Yes, please. Could you ask her to call me back? Woman: I’ll tell her. Does she have your number? Travel agent: Yes, she does. Thank you very much. Bye. Woman: Bye-bye. 7–8–9 1.46 Have Ss listen to the second part of the conversation and answer the questions. Allow a third listening of the recording if necessary. Elicit answers in open class. Tapescript CD 1 Track 46 Travel agent: International Travels Tourism Agency. This is Andrew Jones speaking. How can I help you? Woman: Hi Andrew. This is Mary Connors. Tourist agent: Hello Mrs. Connors. I called because I have a package that you will like. Woman: Wonderful. Travel agent: Well, you can start your trip in Barcelona. International Travels takes you on tour to Gothic Quarter, Sagrada Familia, Güell Park and Casa Milá. Of course there are other places there, such as the museums and the Ramblas. Woman: And how long do we need there? Travel agent: About a week. Then there’s a connection to Jamaica. You will start in Kingston, the capital city, Jamaica’s sightseeing mecca for art and culture, and Port Antonio, for the cascading waterfalls and caves. You may go on sightseeing tours of some great houses, including Ian Fleming’s house in St. Mary. Woman: That sounds lovely. What about Chile? Travel agent: You will fly from Jamaica and will arrive in Santiago. In Santiago there are many places to visit, such as The Plaza de Armas, and its famous monuments, the President’s palace, La Moneda, La Chascona, one of Pablo Neruda’s homes in Bellavista, San Cristobal Hill and the museum of Pre-Columbian Art. If you rent a car, you may drive to the national monument Sewell, 60 km east of Rancagua. Well, you’ll see the brochures. Woman: That sounds great. Travel agent: Listen, why don’t you discuss this with your husband and give me a call. Woman: That sounds perfect. I’ll call tomorrow to discuss the details. Travel agent: Sure. Mrs. Connors. Have a good evening. Woman: Thank you, bye. 10 Have Ss listen to the whole conversation and have them indicate the greetings they listen to. 1.47 55 Tapescript CD 1 Track 47 Travel agent: International Travels Tourism Agency. This is Andrew Jones speaking. How can I help you? Woman: Hi Andrew. This is Mary Connors. We talked yesterday about some places to visit… Travel agent: Yes, Mrs. Connors, I remember you perfectly well. Tell me, have you made up your mind yet? Woman: Well, not quite… you see… my husband wants to go to Barcelona. He’s an architect and he’d really love to visit Casa Milá. I’m much more interested in going to the Caribbean and visit Ian Fleming’s house. And we both want to visit Sewell, the mining town in Chile. Any suggestions? Travel agent: mmm. Mrs. Connors, give me a couple of hours and I’ll find the best suitable alternative for you. Woman: Sure, thank you very much. Bye. Travel agent: Bye, Mrs. Connors. Woman: 234321 Braxton. Travel agent: Hello. This is Andrew Jones with International Travels Tourism Agency. Could I speak to Mrs. Connors, please? Woman: I’m sorry, she’s isn’t here right now. Can I take a message? Travel agent: Yes, please. Could you ask her to call me back? Woman: I’ll tell her. Does she have your number? Travel agent: Yes, she does. Thank you very much. Bye Woman: Bye-bye. Travel agent: International Travels Tourism Agency. This is Andrew Jones speaking. How can I help you? Woman: Hi Andrew. This is Mary Connors. Tourist agent: Hello Mrs. Connors. I called because I have a package that you will like. Woman: Wonderful. Travel agent: Well, you can start your trip in Barcelona. International Travels takes you on tour to Gothic Quarter, Sagrada Familia, Güell Park and Casa Milá. Of course there are other places there, such as the museums and the Ramblas. Woman: And how long do we need there? Travel agent: About a week. Then there’s a connection to Jamaica. You will start in Kingston, the capital city, Jamaica’s sightseeing mecca for art and culture, and Port Antonio, for the cascading waterfalls and caves. You may go on sightseeing tours of some great houses, including Ian Fleming’s house in St. Mary. Woman: That sounds lovely. What about Chile? Travel agent: You will fly from Jamaica and will arrive in Santiago. In Santiago there are many places to visit, such as The Plaza de Armas, and its famous monuments, the President’s palace, La Moneda, La Chascona, one of Pablo Neruda’s homes in Bellavista, San Cristobal Hill and the museum of Pre-Columbian Art. If you rent a car, you may drive to the national monument Sewell, 60 km east of Rancagua. Well, you’ll see the brochures. Woman: That sounds great. Travel agent: Listen, why don’t you discuss this with your husband and give me a call. Travel agent: Sure. Mrs. Connors. Have a good evening. Woman: Thank you, bye. 56 After listening 11 Have Ss work in pairs deciding which statement best summarises the conversations. Speak Out 12 1.48 In pairs, Ss study Speak Out and do the exercise. Tapescript CD 1 Track 48 A: 234321 Braxton. B: Hello. Could I speak to Mrs. Connors, please? A: I’m sorry, she’s isn’t here right now. Can I take a message? B: Yes, please. Could you ask her to call me back? A: I’ll tell her. Does she have your number? B: Yes, she does. Thank you very much. Bye A: Bye-bye. 13 Have Ss get in pairs again and practise the dialogues. Once finished choose a couple of pairs to perform it in front of the class. Then Ss may switch pairs and practise again. 14 Have Ss get in pairs and create their dialogue using the ones on Exercise 13 as models. Then they practise the dialogues. Once finished, choose a couple of pairs to perform it in front of the class. 15 Have Ss discuss the questions. Monitor and assist where necessary. Before you continue… It is suggested they have a further discussion on the following questions: 1 Do you think there should be etiquette for using cell phones? 2 If so, what would they be? 6.2 A life of their own (Student’s book pages 88-89) This section revises relative clauses. Special difficulties: Ss have been exposed to the use of relative pronouns but at this stage they must become aware of the differences between the use of non-defining and defining relative clauses. They will also become aware of formal structures. Where the heart is Culture notes Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926) was born in Catalonia and studied Architecture in Barcelona. He is sometimes referred to as God’s Architect because he devoted his later life to Catholicism. He died after being hit by a tram. No one recognised him and, because of his shabby clothes, he was taken to a pauper’s hospital. He worked on the Sagrada Familia Cathedral for the last forty years of his life and exclusively for the last fifteen. He intended the church to be the ‘last great sanctuary of Christendom’. Ian Fleming (1908–1964) was born into a rich family and attended Eton College and Sandhurst Military Academy. He worked in Naval Intelligence with Patrick Dalzel-Job who was the inspiration for the character of James Bond. Mark Chapman (John Lennon’s murderer) was born in Texas in 1955. He claimed to have been a fan of The Beatles and John Lennon although people who knew him said this was not true. The Strawberry Fields Memorial was named after a John Lennon song, Strawberry Fields Forever, released in 1967. It was designed by landscape architect Bruce Kelly. The original Strawberry Field was an orphanage in Liverpool near to where John Lennon lived as a child. Warm-up Review of vocabulary from the last lesson. Anagram dictation. Put Ss into groups of four. Dictate words from the last lesson but in an anagram form. All Ss write down the letters as you read them out and the first group which knows what the word is and can define it, puts up their hand. Elicit the word and meaning and award a point if they are correct. 5 Ss look at the three sentences and in pairs discuss which house each refers to and why, e.g. (a) matches to the Dakota building because of ‘Yoko Ono’. Work it out 6 Ss read the sentences without the underlined part to see if they still make sense and then discuss the other questions in pairs. Elicit answers and the rules again, i.e. non-defining relative clauses are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma and cannot use the pronoun that. The relative pronoun can be omitted from defining relative clauses when it refers to the object of the sentence. 7 After Ss have looked at the sentences, talk about when they would use each kind, i.e. sentences (a) are formal which are often used in written work; sentences (b) are informal and are more likely to be used in spoken English and informal letters. Check it out Relative Clauses Who(m), that, which, whose, where, when are used like adjectives after nouns or noun phrases. There are two kinds of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. • Defining clauses give essential information. You can use that instead of who or which. Commas are never used. • Non-defining clauses give extra, non-essential information. You cannot use that. Commas are always used. Before reading Informally, prepositions can go at the end of the clause. Formally, they can go at the beginning, but must be followed by which or whom. The master bedroom contains the desk (which/that) he wrote at. The master bedroom contains the desk at which he wrote. 1 Mind the trap! Have Ss look at the texts and pictures and answer the question. Some Ss may know one or more of these places so, when eliciting feedback, ask if anyone knows anything about Casa Milá. If no one knows, elicit ideas and tell them they will read about the places later. Reading 2 Tell Ss to read the titles of the texts and to give them a title. Remind them that this type of activity does not have a “right” or “wrong” answer but before doing it they have to consider the cues to choose an appropriate title. 3 Tell Ss they do not have to answer with long answers. They should rather focus on the key words in the paragraphs such as distinctive, absence of straight lines, for example, in question a. After reading 4 Think Back! Make sure Ss refer to the text by asking what the pronouns refer to e.g. who – Roger Milá. Remind Ss that pronouns are also used to refer to things. 06 Tell Ss that this structure is useful for adding emphasis and give them some common examples: What I want to know is … What you should do is … What I said/meant was … 8 First Ss compare the sentences and then they compare ideas in small groups. Elicit interesting examples and ask follow up questions, e.g. Why do you like places like that? 9 Remind Ss to write in paragraphs, with complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. Allow 10 minutes of class time for writing. If there is not enough time in class this may be done as homework. When they finish writing, they trade papers with their partners to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: Would you like to live in a very big house or luxury apartment building? Explain your response. 57 6.3 Almost a ghost town concentrator had been erected, a lift established and an electricity generator installed. 3 The operation base for the company was located at Rancagua which developed rapidly as a town. In 1917, the old foundry at Sewell was replaced by a more modern one in Caletones, where a new town also developed. 4 Among the first buildings that were constructed were dormitories for the workers and offices for the mine business. Then, the hospital was built, which was considered the most advanced in Latin America, and finally schools were built which were said to have the best teachers in the country. 5 Years later, the town was abandoned as a mining settlement in 1980, remaining in partial use as a dormitory for contractors’ personnel, and this led to the modification of some of the buildings and further demolition of others. Demolition was finally halted at the end of the 1980s and in 1998 the town was declared a national monument. (Student’s book pages 90-91) This section focuses on sequencing, giving Ss the chance to practise the language in a speaking task. Culture notes Sewell For almost a century, Sewell was the main camp of El Teniente - the largest underground copper mine in the world - established by the Braden Copper Company, between 1905 and 1906. With its unique layout, it slowly became a city with over 15 thousand inhabitants. Today, Sewell is a former camp, which still serves as an industrial area for the El Teniente Division, housing an Ore Concentrator, administrative offices, and of course, the beautiful town hall, residential and service buildings, that make Sewell a “traditional and picturesque area”. Through its history, Sewell has been called “the city of stairways” or “the city spread over the hill”, given its location in a very mountainous terrain. Speak Out 1 Ss work in groups of three or four to discuss the questions. Then check answers in open class. 2 Lead a brainstorming about Sewell. Ask students if they know anything about other famous mining towns in Chile. 3 Ss work in pairs to talk about the photos. Elicit ideas in open class before continuing. Listening 1.49 Tapescript 58 Ss work in pairs doing the activities. Play the recording at least once per exercise or more times if necessary. 1.49 After listening Before listening 4 5–8 As Ss listen, they check their predictions. CD 1 Track 49 1 The existence of the el Teniente copper deposits seems to have been known and mined in pre-Hispanic times. During the 15th - 17th centuries, raw materials were at first exported by the Spanish and then for two hundred years there was little activity. Later, in 1897 the then owner of the mining rights initiated a survey of the copper seams in the area. On discovering the huge potential of the site, and the fact that extracting the copper would require great investment, an approach was made in 1903 to the North American mining engineer William Braden. On the following year, Braden arrived in Chile, and began acquiring the property. 2 Almost immediately after that a road was constructed to the nearest railway line at Rancagua. Then Braden joined forces with E. W. Nash, President of the American Smelting and Refining Company and with Barton Sewell, the founder and Vice-President, and finally they created the Braden Copper Company. Over the next two years the infrastructure was developed, customs exemption agreed by the government of Chile for the large amounts of machinery to be imported from the US, and the mine equipped. By 1906, the first mill and 9 Ss listen to Speak Out and complete it. Play the recording two or three times for Ss to complete the task. 1.50 Tapescript CD 1 Track 50 1 Raw materials were at first exported by the Spanish 2 Later, in 1897 the then owner of the mining rights initiated a survey of the copper seams in the area. 3 On the following year, Braden arrived in Chile. 4 After that, a road was constructed to the nearest railway line at Rancagua. 5 Then Braden joined forces with E. W. Nash and Barton Sewell. 6 And finally they created the Braden Copper Company. 10 Have Ss complete the text by using expressions from the Speak Out box. 11 In pairs, students take turns to describe one of the photos on page 94. The partner guesses. Monitor and assist when necessary. 12 You may assign the first part of this task as a homework. Ss choose one place they would like to talk about and later they present it to the class. They may work in pairs if they want to. Make sure the share the work. 13 Ss work in pairs planning an ideal vacation. Then they get with another pair and exchange information. Where the heart is Before you continue... Check it out Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: How can you describe a pleasant community? A collocation consists of two or more words that correspond to some conventional way of saying things. There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences. 1 adverb + adjective We entered a richly decorated room. 2 adjective + noun The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise. 3 noun + noun A chocolate bar in the morning is perfect. 4 noun + verb Snow was falling as our plane took off. 5 verb + noun I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed. 6 verb + expression with preposition At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears. 7 verb + adverb Mary whispered softly in John’s ear. 6.4 No place like home? (Student’s book pages 92-93) This section gives Ss the possibility of reading and discussing about living away from home at university. At the same time they develop their vocabulary and learn collocations. Culture notes Nottingham University is one of the best universities in England. In 2005 it had 32,000 students with ten applicants for each place. There has been an adult education school since 1798 and the university was opened in 1881. The University of Newcastle was founded in 1963. In 2004 it had about 17,000 students. Famous alumni include Rowan Atkinson (Mr. Bean) and Bryan Ferry. Cheese toastie is a toasted cheese sandwich. Warm-up Review of home-related vocabulary. Double pictionary. Make two lists of words, one with adjectives and the other, places to live. Put Ss into groups of about four Ss. Each group comes out and picks a word from each list. Then they return to their group and the group discuss how they could show both the place and the adjective in a drawing. When they are ready one student from one of the groups comes out to the board and draws their picture for the other teams to guess. Repeat the process for the other groups and re-elicit what all the words mean. 06 Mind the trap! Allow some time for Ss to notice and be aware of the combinations of “do” and “make”. 8 Have Ss work in pairs doing the matching exercise. They may compare with another pair before checking answers in open class. Before you continue… Have students respond orally or in writing to this question: How do you think age and experience affect your ability to take care of yourself? Additional practise Photocopiable resources. Resource 6. Listen and draw. Page 71. Before reading 1–2 After Ss have answered the questions, elicit answers in open class. (Student’s book pages 94-95) Reading 3 Communication project Ss read the introduction to the text and check their Speaking predictions. 4–6 This section gives Ss a chance to communicate effectively using intonation, pitch, speed, volume, hand gestures and facial expressions. Have Ss read the text again to do the activities. After reading Work it out 7 Ss complete the exercises with words from the text. 1 Ask the class who they think lives in the room in picture A (male/female? age?) and who in picture B and why. Ss then look at the questions and discuss their ideas. Ss then follow up by talking about how their own rooms are decorated and furnished. 59 2 Mum: Well, it’s a nice flat, Gemma. It’s quite spacious and well equipped – the crockery and kitchen utensils look fairly new. You don’t often get that in rented accommodation, do you? Dad/Gemma: No, I suppose not./Mmm, right … Dad: The flat’s converted, no doubt. They’ve done quite a good job. I noticed there’s a refurbished basement below. They’re lucky, they can use the garden. The lawn needs mowing though … Gemma: Yes, Dad – but you know I’m not into gardening. It’s such a lot of work and I don’t have much time now I’m working and studying for my exams … Dad: I know – you’ve got a lot on your plate at the moment … Gemma: Yes … loads. But what I meant was the decoration. We thought we might do it up a bit – make it a bit more cheerful, you know … Mum: Oh really? That’s a very good idea. I wasn’t going to mention it but … well, if you’re going to redecorate anyway, I’ve got an idea. Perhaps what you could do is put some nice curtains up. That would make this living room much cosier. And if you don’t mind me saying so, it would make it much more private. You wouldn’t have the people in the flats opposite staring in … Dad: Yes, your mum’s right, I think. The walls could do with a bit of brightening up. I don’t want to interfere but it might be a good idea to paint them a nice bright white or pale apricot colour … Mum: Oh yes, pale apricot would be lovely! I think it might be even better if the doors and windows were a slightly darker shade – maybe that lovely burnt apricot colour. And I was wondering about ornaments. The mantelpiece looks a bit bare, doesn’t it? You can have some of my china figurines if you like – I’ve got too many as it is … Gemma: Thanks Mum. Let’s see how it goes, shall we? Dad: And while we’re on the subject, what about the bathroom tiles? They must’ve been put in twenty years ago when the flat was converted – that avocado green is really out of date. I wonder if you’d thought of painting them white. That would make the bathroom look a lot fresher, and well, cleaner too. Gemma: Mmm, that sounds like a good idea, Dad. I was thinking of painting the furniture a bit too. It’s all quite old and chipped … Mum: Well yes, perhaps a coat of white paint would cheer up the bookcase over there – and the cabinets in the kitchen? But, well, it’s none of my business, I know, but I wonder what the landlord would say? He might be a bit upset if you paint his furniture … Gemma: Really? Oh … I hadn’t thought of that. I suppose I’d better check it out … Ss write five headings in their notebooks and split the page into two halves, one for what the mother says and one for what the father says. Ss make notes as they listen and then compare in pairs. 1.51 Tapescript CD 1 Track 51 Dad: [RP accent] So what did you think then? Mum: [RP accent] Well, she seems to have settled in now. And I like her flatmate, Jessica. Dad: Yes, but that’s not what I meant … Mum: Oh, you mean the redecoration. Well, I wasn’t going to say anything. She doesn’t have to take our advice any more – she can do what she likes. It’s her place. Dad: Of course – but you hated it, didn’t you? Mum: OK. To tell you the truth, I think it’s horrendous! And after all the suggestions we made – I certainly wouldn’t have done it like that. The colour of the walls! I thought I was going to faint – all those garish colours gave me a headache! Dad: Yes, I’ve never been keen on green and pink anyway. All those strong colours in the living room – lime green and shocking pink … a bit much, perhaps. Mum: And it’s all so bare! There are no ornaments on the mantelpiece – and no curtains. Only those awful cheap blinds from Tesco’s! Dad: Well, they don’t have much money, I suppose. Mum: I know, I know – but I could’ve given her those nice flowery ones we used to have in the conservatory. They’re in the loft somewhere … they still look brand new … Dad: Yes, I know the ones you mean. I don’t think she’s keen on ‘flowery’ though, from what I can see … Mum: And what about the bedroom? She’s painted the dressing table black! Black! Dad: Mmm, and the wardrobe was bright red … did you notice? Mum: How could I not notice?! I don’t know how she can bear it! And what about the bathroom tiles? I know the green tiles they had before were awful – but to paint them navy blue didn’t exactly improve things … Dad: I know … I do think white would’ve been better. But I suppose she’s got to do things her own way now. Mum: Yes, we’d better get used to it. I don’t know, we only wanted to help … 3 Ss work in pairs checking if the statements are true or false. Have Ss listen again and tell them to correct the false statements. 1.52 Tapescript CD 1 Track 52 Gemma: [RP accent] OK, let’s sit down and I’ll make a cup of tea or something in a minute. So what do you think of it then? It’s not in very good condition, is it? 60 4 1.52 Ss read through the sentences 1-4 and try to remember whose advice it was. After the listening, Ss read out the sentences, trying to use the correct intonation so that they do not sound too demanding. Where the heart is 5 Before Ss listen, put them in pairs and ask them to think of a sentence which could be said neutrally and emotionally. Ss read out their sentences in the two different ways and then listen to the recording to identify whether they are said neutrally or emotionally. 1.53 Tapescript CD 1 Track 53 1 A: I don’t want to share a room with anyone but you. B: I don’t want to share a room with anyone but you. 2 A: The grass is always greener on the other side. B: The grass is always greener on the other side. 3 A: In the summer the city is crowded with tourists. B: In the summer the city is crowded with tourists. 6 Language assessment (Student’s book pages 96-97) 1 In groups of three to four, Ss roll a dice and move around the board making sentences with relative clauses. Each sentence must be original—no repeating, and correct. If there is a doubt encourage Ss to work it out in their groups or ask the teacher. If there are no dice available, Ss may write numbers 1-6 on small slips of paper and randomly select one to determine how many spaces to move. 2 In groups of two, Ss make a list of 5 words or phrases for each square. They then join another group but do not share their lists. Student A describes the word or phrase without saying it, and Student B must make a question with the word in it. If Student B doesn’t make a question, he/she loses the turn. Read through the Speaking Strategies box with the Ss. Make sure they understand. Ask if they use any of these techniques in Spanish. 3 7 4 Tell Student A to look at situation 1 and B to look at situation 2. Allow two minutes for them to look at the Speak Out box and plan what they are going to say. Now tell Student B to quickly look through their instructions for situation 1 and then Student A starts off the role-play. When they have finished, A quickly looks at their instructions for situation 2 before B starts the conversation. Writing This section introduces Ss to writing a description of a place. 1 Working alone, Ss read the text and match the paragraphs. Compare with a partner before eliciting answers in open class. 2 Ss skim the text to complete the activity. 3 Encourage Ss to try to complete the exercise without looking at the text. 4 Ss work alone to answer the questions. Elicit answers in open class. 5 Read through Train Your Brain with the Ss. Make sure they understand everything. Remind Ss to write in paragraphs, with complete sentences and proper punctuation, allowing space between the lines for their partner to write correction notes, and later for you to make corrections. When they finish writing, they trade papers with their partners to make corrections before writing a final draft to hand in. 06 Have Ss work in pairs doing the matching exercise. Then they check their answers with another pair of Ss. Ss work in pairs joining the sentences in order to make one. Elicit answers in open class. 5–6 Have Ss work in pairs finding the appropriate ending for each sentence. Then they complete the dialogue. 7 2.2 Have Ss listen to the recording and answer the questions. They may need to listen more than once. Tapescript CD 2 Track 2 Welcome to Stratford-upon-Avon The birthplace of William Shakespeare One place which is on most tourists’ tour of Britain, is Stratford, the home of William Shakespeare. There are a number of places of interest, of which, Anne Hathaway’s house is one of the nicest and most popular. Anne, who married Shakespeare when she was twenty-six, lived here before her marriage. Shakespeare, whose own home can also be visited, left Anne after just five years when he went to London to find fame as an actor and playwright. Apart from visiting old houses, which you should definitely do in Stratford, you should go to the Swam Theatre. There you can see plays, not only by Shakespeare, but by other writers; who lived at that time. These playwrights, whose plays are also considered to be classics, include Christopher Marlowe, who some people say was the real writer of Shakespeare’s plays. 61 Unit test Tapescript Father: Come on, you two. The tour starts in a few minutes. You don’t want to be late. Carole: Do we have to, dad? I really don’t think it’ll be much fun. Billy: It will. I came here last year on a school trip. It was great! Carole: It’s not as if it’s a castle or a palace, is it? Just an old house in London. Father: But a very important house. Sherlock Holmes’ house. Carole: There wasn’t anyone called Sherlock Holmes. I know people like the books but I can’t believe so many people come to visit the house where a man who didn’t exist lived. How can this house have stayed popular for so long? I can’t believe I’m missing hockey for this and I don’t know why you didn’t want to come and watch me. Billy: I hate hockey. Anyway, it’s a museum. It’s made to look like the house in the book. That’s the point. Father: Here we are. This looks like your group waiting for the guide. Please try to enjoy it. I spent a lot of money on these tickets. I’ll see you when you come out again. See photocopiable test on pages 82 and 83 and answers on page 89. Tapescript CD 2 Track 3 A: Welcome to my new flat! What do you think? B: Mmm it’s very nice. I hope you don’t mind me saying so but it’s a bit small, isn’t it? A: Yes, it is, and I know it’s a bit shabby. B: Well, I wasn’t going to mention it but it is rather shabby. A: Yes, I’m not sure how to make it look better. B: Perhaps what you should do is re-decorate it. A: Yes, I was thinking that might be a good idea. B: I wonder if you’d thought of painting it white? That would make it look bigger. A: Yes, that’s true. I was thinking of painting the doors red. B: Red? I don’t want to interfere, but don’t you think you might get tired of red? A: Yes, I suppose so. B: Would you mind if I made a suggestion? I think white doors would look nicer. A: Yes, perhaps you’re right. Of course I need to clean the carpet too. B: It’s quite old, isn’t it? It’s none of my business, I know, but you might not be able to clean it very well. I think it might be even better if you got a new carpet. A: Have you got any other ideas? B: While we’re on the subject, I have one more suggestion. A: What’s that? B: I was wondering if you’d like me to help you? CD 2 Track 4 Reading 1 Ss face this activity with no help from the teacher to see whether they can follow instructions independently. 2 Ss do this exercise independently and check their score independently as well. Writing Ss work alone writing an essay. Checkpoint units 5 and 6 (Student’s book pages 98-99) Have students complete the tasks and grade themselves. They will find the answer key at the bottom of page 99. Then they can hand in these marks. You may want to discuss their grades with them individually and help them with strategies to do better. Listening 1 2.4 Provide a little guidance. Have them read the instructions and answer. 62 Speaking Ss work alone. They have to prepare a presentation on the topics given. You may assign this activity in advance so that they have time to prepare it. Self-check Ss reflect on their learning in the last two units. Have them complete the chart with their own information. You may want to discuss this information with the students and may suggest additional practise. Encourage Ss to take the time to answer thoroughly. This activity is to promote awareness of learning and is a personal reflection. Answers can be discussed in class if Ss want. Classroom Language 2.5 Act out the dialogue! Sit next to Pablo! Act out the story! Speak! Ask and answer in pairs! use a pen! Can you spell it? use a pencil! Change roles! Work in groups! Come to the front! Work in pairs! Come to the front of the class! Work on your own! Copy this into your books! Work alone! Do exercise 5 for homework! Write the answers in your notebook! Don’t look at the book! Excellent! Fill in the chart! Good! Learn this by heart! Very good! Memorise this! That’s right! Listen! OK! Listen and say after me! That’s not quite right! Listen and repeat after me! Try again! Listen to this dialogue! Well done! Listen to the dialogue! Be quiet please! Look! Don’t speak Spanish! Look at this! No talking! Make two teams! Speak English please! Make two groups! Work quietly please! Open your book! Close your book! Read! Read this text silently! Read the text silently! Read this text out loud! Read the text out loud! Repeat! Can you repeat, please? Sit down! Stand up! 63 Photocopiable Resource Instructions Unit 1 Are you the most popular? Aim: To revise personality adjectives. Interaction: Mingling, groups of 8 Exercise type: Information swap Time: 20 minutes Language: comforting, predictable, decisive Materials: One copy, cut up, per group. Instructions: (1) Give each student a role card. (2) Tell Ss that their aim is to find which person is the most popular by finding out how many positive adjectives people use about them. They might need an extra piece of paper to make notes on. (3) Ss mingle and ask each other what they think of different people. (4) When finished, Ss add up the number of positive adjectives and find the most popular. Answers John (6 positive) Unit 2 You’re a star! Aim: To practise the Present Perfect with for and since. Interaction: Pairs Exercise type: Information gap Time: 20 minutes Language: I’ve been an actor for 10 years. I’ve known him since January, etc. Materials: One copy of the resource per pair. Instructions: (1) Tell Ss that they are going to play the roles of a journalist and famous actress. Ss decide who should play each role. If there is an odd number of Ss, include an extra interviewer. Pre-teach awards and co-star. (2) Hand out the role cards to each student. Allow time for Ss to read the information on the cards. The actress should think about how to answer the questions and what the missing questions might be about. The journalists have to expand their cues into full, grammatically correct questions. Monitor and correct where necessary. (3) Ss join up in pairs and ask and answer the questions. Monitor and note any errors for a correction slot at the end. (4) At the end of the activity, elicit some of the most interesting answers given by the actresses. (5) Correct any errors and also elicit alternative answers for the questions using How long …, i.e. if Ss have answered using for, elicit answers using since and vice versa. Unit 3 We want a pet Aim: To practise zero, first and second conditionals. Interaction: Groups of 4 Exercise type: Discussion Time: 30 minutes Language: If you have a dog, your house is safer. If we had a horse, it would cost a lot of money. Materials: One copy, cut up, per group. Instructions: (1) Set up the activity by telling each group that they are a family who want a pet. Hand out the picture to show them where they live. (2) Tell them that they each have a different idea for which pet to have. They should think of reasons why their pet is a good idea and why the other pets are not. (3) Hand out the role cards and allow Ss time to read through them and think of their arguments. (4) Ss argue in their groups (starting with the father in each group). (5) When they have finished, tell Ss that, although they cannot agree on their first choices, they may be able to agree on their second choices. Again, each student thinks of the second best animal and the reasons why. (6) Ss discuss together to see if there is any agreement on the second best animal. 64 Unit 4 You’ve got my words Aim: To practise technology vocabulary. Interaction: Pairs, then groups of 4 Exercise type: Reading Time: 30 minutes Language: voicemail, ring tone, download, install Materials: One copy of A or B per pair. Instructions: (1) Hand out the resource and tell Ss that there are nine words in it which are wrong. (2) Ss read through and try to identify the nine words. (3) Tell Ss that, by looking at the words they have identified, they should know the topic of the other pair’s text. If they failed to find nine words before, this might help them to find them now. (4) Ss now work together to replace the wrong words with the ‘Words that you need’. (5) Ss now join up with a second pair. They tell each other the nine incorrect words in their text. These should be the same as the ‘Words that you need’ that the other group have. (7) Elicit the complete correct texts from the whole class. Answers Text A voicemail – cursor, dial – click, ring tone – search engine, battery – toolbar, text – freeware, carry – download, signal – folder, speak – install, phonebook – icon Text B toolbar – battery, cursor – signal, click – speak, download – dial, icon – ring tone, freeware – voicemail, folder – text, search engine – phonebook, install – carry Unit 5 If the Queen hadn’t visited ... Aim: To practise third conditional. Interaction: Pairs Exercise type: Story ordering Time: 30 minutes Language: If the boy had worn/been wearing a tie, he wouldn’t have been sent home. Materials: One set, cut up, per pair. Instructions: (1) Put Ss into pairs and give them the story, cut up and in random order. Picture 1 is numbered, so Ss know how the story starts. (2) Ss work together to put the story in the correct order. (3) Elicit ideas and then tell Ss the correct order and make sure they all have the pictures in the correct order. (4) Look at the first two pictures with the whole class. Ask what was happening in the first picture (the headmaster was telling the class about the Queen’s visit). Then ask about the second picture: Could the boy go to the picnic? (No) Why not? (Because he wasn’t wearing a tie.) Elicit a third conditional sentence, eg If the boy had worn/been wearing a tie, he wouldn’t have been sent home. (5) Ss work in pairs to make more third conditional sentences for each stage of the story. Elicit all in open class. (6) Elicit a third conditional sentence connecting the beginning of the story with the end, e.g. If the Queen hadn’t visited, he would have got a better job. Unit 6 Listen and draw Aim: To practise describing houses. Interaction: Pairs Exercise type: Describing and drawing Time: 20 minutes Language: There’s a ..., It’s ..., ornaments, conservatory, fireplace Materials: One picture A or B per student. Instructions: (1) Put Ss into pairs and give them picture A or B. Tell them not to show each other their pictures. (2) Tell Ss they are going to describe their picture in as much detail as possible so that their partner can draw it from the description. (3) Elicit useful language, such as on the left/right, in the middle, behind, in the foreground etc. (4) Student A starts by describing their house once while B listens to get an overall idea of what is in the picture. A then describes it again, more slowly, while B draws it. When finished, B looks at A’s original picture to see how well they have done. (5) Ss swap roles and B describes while A listens and draws. 65 Resource 1 You’re a star! Actress role card It’s 2020 and you are one of the most famous actresses in the world. A journalist is coming to interview later and, because you are so important, you can see their questions before they arrive. This gives you time to think of your answers and make sure there are no difficult questions. unfortunately, the fax got stuck and you can’t read the last two questions! What will the journalist ask you??? • Wherewere you born? •Whenwereyouborn? •Haveyougotanybrothersorsisters? •Howoftendoyouseeyourfamily? •Howlonghaveyoubeenanactress? •Haveyouwonanyawards? •Whatwasthebestfilmyouhaveeverbeenin? •Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried? •Wheredoyoulivenow?Howlonghaveyoulivedthere? Interviewer role card You are a journalist. It’s 2020 and you are going to interview one of the most famous actresses in the world. These are the questions you want to ask. Expand the cues to make grammatically correct questions. • Where / you born? •When/youborn? •Havegot/anybrothersorsisters? •Howoften/you/seeyourfamily? •Howlong/you/beanactress? •you/win/anyawards? •What/be/thebestfilm/you/ever/bein? •Howlong/you/be/married? •Where/youlivenow?Howlong/youlive/there? •Howlong/you/know/yourco-staronyournewfilm?Ishejustafriend? •Ireadinthenewspapersthatyouhavefallenoutwitheveryactressyouhaveeverworkedwith. Is this true? / When / you last have an argument with another actress? 66 Photocopiable Resource 2 Are you the most popular? You are Steve. You are John. You think You think John is balanced Heather is decisive Tom is big-headed Cathy is sympathetic Emma is sociable Claire is comforting Nick is practical Steve is laid-back Heather is practical Tom is cruel Cathy is comforting Emma is decisive Claire is sympathetic Nick is sociable You are Heather. You are Tom. You think You think Steve is comforting John is predictable Tom is vain Cathy is sensitive Emma is quick-tempered Claire is diplomatic Nick is decisive Steve is diplomatic John is tolerant Heather is big-headed Cathy is forgetful Emma is greedy Claire is sensitive Nick is laid-back You are Cathy. You are Emma. You think You think Steve is forgetful John is laid-back Heather is sociable Tom is decisive Emma is cruel Claire is romantic Nick is tolerant Steve is vain John is considerate Heather is aggressive Tom is sociable Cathy is gloomy Claire is forgetful Nick is stubborn You are Claire. You are Nick. You think You think Steve is sensitive John is comforting Heather is balanced Tom is stubborn Cathy is predictable Emma is selfish Claire is gloomy Steve is selfish John is sensitive Heather is tolerant Tom is practical Cathy is stubborn Emma is aggressive Nick is cheeky Photocopiable 67 Resource 3 We want a pet You are the MOTHER and a teacher. You work from 9a.m. until 4p.m. and are often tired. You are the FATHER and a businessman. You work from 8a.m. until 7p.m. and are often tired. Useful language: General truths about cats: Zero Conditional If you have a cat, it is/you have ... Benefits for your family: First Conditional If we buy a cat, it will/we will ... Reasons not to have the other choices: Second Conditional If we had a dog, it would ... Useful language: General truths about dogs: Zero Conditional If you have a dog, it is/you have ... Benefits for your family: First Conditional If we buy a dog, it will/we will ... Reasons not to have the other choices: Second Conditional If we had a horse, it would ... The others want: a dog, a horse and a fish. The others want: a cat, a horse and a fish. You are a SON aged 16. You go to school from 9a.m. until 4p.m. and have lots of homework to do after school. You are a daughter aged 13. You go to school from 9a.m. until 3.30p.m. and don’t have much homework. Useful language: General truths about fish: Zero Conditional If you have a fish, it is/you have ... Benefits for your family: First Conditional If we buy a fish, it will/we will ... Reasons not to have the other choices: Second Conditional If we had a cat, it would ... Useful language: General truths about horses: Zero Conditional If you have a horse, it is/you have ... Benefits for your family: First Conditional If we buy a horse, it will/we will ... Reasons not to have the other choices: Second Conditional If we had a fish, it would ... The others want: a dog, a horse and a cat. The others want: a dog, a cat and a fish. You want a cat You want a fish 68 You want a dog You want a horse Photocopiable Resource 4 A You’ve got my words! Downloading and installing programmes from the Internet There are lots of good programmes you can get on the Internet and a lot of them you don’t have to pay for. Here’s a very basic lesson on how to find them and get them running. Firstly, when you are connected to the Internet, put your voicemail on the blue ‘e’ and dial twice. This will bring up your homepage. You may already have Google or another ring tone as your home page. If not, you’ll have to type their name in the search box on the battery. When you’ve found the page you want, type in what you are looking for, for example ‘graphics programmes’. If you don’t want to pay anything, type ‘text graphics programmes’. You’ll see hundreds of pages so have a good look before deciding what you really want. Then you’ll have to carry it. There will be a button, just click and follow the instructions. It will ask you where you want to save the programme – choose a signal and when it has finished you are ready to speak. Again, it is easy to follow the instructions. It will probably ask you if you you want a phonebook on your desktop. It’s probably a good idea – it will be easier to find it later. Words you need: search, click, toolbar, icon, freeware, cursor, download, engine, folder, install B Using a mobile phone to speak and text Mobile phones are so common nowadays it seems impossible that there can be people who still don’t know how to use them but, just in case, here’s a simple guide. Firstly, very important, when you are not using the phone, make sure that you recharge the toolbar. There’s nothing worse than trying to make an important call only to find the cursor getting weaker and weaker because there’s not enough energy. The obvious function of a mobile phone is using it to click to friends, as with a normal phone. You just download the number and their phone will ring. You can ring other mobile phones or normal phones. When people phone you, you will hear your icon. You can choose from a number of free sounds or you can pay to have popular songs instead. Make sure you switch the phone off in the cinema because these sounds can be really annoying. If you do switch off the phone, freeware will answer your call for you. You can also use your phone to send a folder that people can read on their phones. You’ll never forget anyone’s number either because you’ve got a search engine where you keep all your numbers. The best thing about a mobile phone, though, is that you can install it with you wherever you go. Words you need: signal, ring, battery, tone, phonebook, speak, voicemail, text, carry, dial Photocopiable 69 Resource 5 If the Queen hadn’t visited ... 1 70 Photocopiable Resource 6 Listen and draw A B Photocopiable 71 Test unit 1 Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Listening 1 Listen to the conversation and answer T (true) or F (false). 1.12 2 1 ___ The boy is reading an article. 1 Have you told your wife __ __ __? 2 They’ve r __ __ __ __ __ __ __ celebrated their thirtieth wedding anniversary. 3 Don’t panic, dad! I’ve __ __ s __ met her and we’re not going to get married next month. 4 They haven’t phoned __ __ __ c __ last week. Do you think they are still interested? 5 Have you a __ __ r __ __ __ __ bought a ring for your girlfriend? 2 ___ Girls should ask boys out. 3 ___ Boys and girls should be equal. 4 ___The girl would love to ask a boy out. 4 Language 1 5 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are more words than you need. argument trust blind divorced argue teens Complete the sentences with the missing words. The lines show you how many letters you need to use. 3 married 1 When she comes, don’t ask her about her husband, OK? They’re _________ and she doesn’t want to talk about it. 2 I met her once last week. It was a _______________ date and we spent a nice evening in that Chinese restaurant on the corner. 3 She was still in her _______ when she decided he was the man of her dreams. 4 Don’t _______________ with your mother, Chris. She’s right and I agree with her. 5 My sisters aren’t single any more. Both of them are happily ________ and have lovely children. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets: Present Perfect or Past Simple. 1 ___________________ (you/send) her the text message yet? 2 When ______________________ (he/get) the piercing? 3 After the wedding they ____________________ (live) in Paris for eight months. 4 How long ___________________ (you/know) him? 5 You’re not going to believe this! Dan _______________________ (take) his girlfriend to a nice restaurant. Do you think it means something? 6 What? You want to live with him? But you______________________ (not/finish) at college yet. 7 How long ____________________ (he/know) his girlfriend? 7 72 Photocopiable Test Reading 1 Read the text below and answer T (true) or F (false). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ___ Monica and Ian have known each other for a year. ___ They don’t know when they’re getting married. ___ Monica likes the ring Ian bought her. ___ Monica’s parents are upset. ___ Ian’s parents don’t like Monica. ___ Monica has finished college. ___ Ian has just started his first job. ___ Ian’s parents have been married for more than 20 years. 8 7 September Dear Kate, know each other, so I wanted to write and let you How are you? It’s been ages since we saw ago ths mon y him! As you know, we only met five my exciting news. Ian has asked me to marr ht boug decided on a date yet, but he’s already but we’re crazy about each other. We haven’t – but I love it anyway! me a ring! We couldn’t afford an expensive one t. really well with Ian, but his family are very upse My parents are pleased because they get on nts pare Ian’s with well r about it. I get on quite In fact, Ian’s fallen out with his mother and fathe college yet and Ian’s only just started his first d nishe fi too but they’re worried because I haven’t is his grandmother. She says that his parents job. Apparently the only person who’s pleased ey got married – and they didn’t have any mon were the same age as Ian (twenty) when they ty-two years and they haven’t split up! either. Apparently, they’ve been married for twen send and I’ll write again soon – and of course I’ll Anyway, please write and tell me your news you an invitation to the wedding! With lots of love, Monica Score Photocopiable 73 73 Test unit 2 Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Listening 1 1.19 Listen to the conversation and answer T (true) or F (false). 2 1 His advice was very _______________ and so we didn’t use it at all. PRACTICE 1 ___ The girl is going to see Hamlet with some friends. 2 ___ Her mother thinks it’s not interesting. 2 The end of the film was completely _______________. None of us were really surprised when it turned out she was his child. PREDICT 3 ___ The girl is going to a restaurant after the show. 4 ___ The girl is going to stay at a friend’s house. 3 Women usually think that men are _______________ and selfish but it’s not true. SENSITIVE 4 4 She’s such a _______________ friend. I can always be sure she will listen to my problems and will try to help. SYMPATHISE Language 1 5 An_______________ life by the beach is all I want. COMPLICATE Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are more words than you need. gossip hostess toddler weaknesses superior Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capital letters. adolescence male 1 Men may be physically stronger than women but it doesn’t mean they are in any way ____________. 2 During _______________ boys seem to be very shy with girls. 3 I have my _______________, for example, I can never pass up sweets. 4 Many TV programmes about famous people only focus on _______________. 5 In my opinion collecting sports memorabilia is a _______________ hobby. 5 5 3 Circle the correct answer. 1 Can / Should you help us organise a garden party next Saturday? 2 Pablo, could / should you take your little sister to the park, please? 3 Do you must / have to be so noisy? I can’t hear the television. 4 She must / has to be at the office at 3 o’clock. Her boss wants to see her. 5 I have could / been able to keep in touch with most classmates from my primary school. 6 You mustn’t / don’t have to discuss this problem with your students. It’s too controversial. 7 We could / ought to get to know him better before we invite him to come on holiday with us. 7 74 Photocopiable Photocopiable Test Reading 1 Read the text. Read the sentences and decide if they are true or false. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ____ The word ‘actor’ may be used for women. ____ The word for ‘sun’ is masculine in all languages. ____ Modern English still uses gender in its grammar. ____ People sometimes call cars ‘he’ or ‘she’. ____ Feminism has influenced modern English. ____ The word ‘man’ is used to mean ‘human being’. ____ The word ‘her’ is used as a new neutral pronoun. ____ Language always stays the same. Different languages express gender, or masculine and feminine forms, in different ways. In English, we may indicate whether a person is male or female in our choice of vocabulary. For example, if we hear someone use the word actress, the suffix ess tells us that they are talking about a woman. However the word actor is male or neutral: in other words, it may be used for either men or women. In fact, there are not many words in English which tell us the gender of the person we are talking about. Waitress and hostess are two examples used for women, but most words such as teacher, doctor, cook, artist, driver, president and musician are neutral. Even when female words exist, many women prefer to use words which are not marked for gender. Nowadays, for example most women would prefer to be called a manager rather than a manageress. Similarly, they may choose to be called chairman or chair instead of chairwoman. Many languages divide nouns into masculine and feminine categories, although this may have no relation to natural gender. There is often no logic in the choice of genders. In Old English, for example, the word for chair was masculine, the word for table was feminine and the word for ship was neutral. In Latin and the Romance languages the word for sun is masculine and the word for moon is feminine. However, in German and Germanic languages, the opposite is true. Old English showed gender through grammar, with female versions of articles and adjectives as well as 8 nouns and pronouns. However, in modern English we match gender with sex. We reserve masculine and feminine gender for human beings and for some animals. People also sometimes refer to objects such as cars as he or she. All other nouns are neutral. Of course language is always changing in order to reflect the way that life changes. Feminism, for example, has had an effect on the way we refer to gender in English. The use of the word man is a case in point. It used to mean human being but has gradually narrowed to mean adult male human being. The problem with the word man is that it does not sound as if it includes women. As feminist writers have said, a girl does not grow up expecting to become a man. Nowadays it is more usual to say people or men and women in order to make sure that half the population are not excluded. We also tend to use alternatives to man in expressions such as: chief assistant for right hand man; supervisor for foreman, skilful for workmanlike, and personnel or staff for manpower. Another change is in the use of the third person singular pronoun, he. In the same way as man used to mean human being, he was used by speakers to refer to a person whose gender they did not know. Nowadays several alternatives are in use, including they as a singular pronoun, he or she, he/she, s/he and one. Some people have even suggested we need a new neutral pronoun such as co, tey or hesh – proof that language does keep changing! Source: McKinlay, S., Hastings, B. (2007). Success Intermediate Students’ Book CD Rom. Score Photocopiable Photocopiable 75 75 Test unit 3 Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Listening 1 1.28 Listen to the conversation and write T (true) or F 2 (false). 1 ___ They are talking about a driving test. 2 ___ One of the students has taken more than a thousand lessons. Circle the correct answer. 1 You must follow some rules in our safari park, e.g. when / as long as you hear this sound, immediately get in the car and close all the windows. 2 They will let me have a dog immediately after / on condition that I promise to take good care of it. 3 ___ The examiner is in a bad mood. 3 I’ll look after your bird on condition that / every time you tell me exactly what to do. 4 ___ One of the students is terrified. 5 ___ One of the students has failed four times. 4 The horse will win as long as / as soon as it doesn’t miss the jump. 5 5 Provided that / When they clean the cages, it is closed to visitors. 5 Language 1 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are more words than you need. herds predators mammals beetle pests storks 3 ape 1 Some people keep rats as pets but others, such as my grandmother, think of them as _______________. 6 2 _______________ are beautiful black and white birds with long legs. 3 This spider is one of the most dangerous _______________ in the world. It moves and kills very quickly. 4 Look at that _______________! It’s amazing that they look so similar to human beings! Complete the sentences with the correct for of the verbs in brackets. 1 People say that animals are similar to their owners. If an owner ________ (be) lazy, their pet _____ (be) also lazy. 2 If my dog ________ (win) today, it ________ (be) his second time this year. 3 If these animals ________ (not/have) thick fur, they ________ (not/survive) the winter. 4 Now we know that if an elephant _______ (stamp) its feet, it ___________ (want) to frighten its enemies. 5 Elephants live in groups called _______________. 5 76 Photocopiable Photocopiable 8 Test Reading 1 Read the text. Read the sentences and choose the correct animal. According to the writer, which animals … 1 … enjoy human company the most? a Cats b Dogs c Hamsters 2 … need a lot of attention? a Cats b Dogs c Hamsters 3 … choose their owners? a Cats b Dogs c Goldfish 4 … don’t live for very long? a Cats b Goldfish c Hamsters 5 … can cost a lot to look after? a Hamsters and mice b Cats and dogs c Goldfish and snakes 6 … are cheap to buy? a Hamsters and mice b Cats and dogs c Goldfish and snakes 7 … are exotic? a Goldfish b Hamsters c Snakes 8 … cause a lot of trouble if they escape? a Goldfish b Snakes c Long-haired dogs 16 Choosing a pet Are you thinking about buying a pet to keep at home? If so, you need to think carefully about which animal to choose. For example, it’s not a good idea to buy a large dog unless you have a lot of space – and a lot of time to go for walks! cage. The only drawback is that hamsters don’t live for very long – about eighteen months to two years on average. It is obviously upsetting for children to lose a much-loved pet after a short period of time. Children often ask their parents for a pet and it is a hard-hearted mother or father who can refuse their child’s request for a companion. However, children are often not ver y good at looking after animals even though they enjoy playing with them. Children also grow up and leave home whereas pets don’t – many parents have ended up looking after a cat or dog long after their children have gone away to university. So, what else do you need to think about? Well, obviously there’s the cost of buying a pet. Pedigree cats and dogs can be very expensive whereas hamsters and mice are quite cheap to buy. You may also need to buy a special home – a bird cage, a dog kennel, or an aquarium can all add considerably to the pet bill. You need to begin by thinking about what kind of animal you want. Dogs are very friendly and affectionate and often become like a friend of the family – or even a family member! In return, they need a lot of attention and like to have people around. It’s cruel to leave a dog alone for a long time every day because they want company as well as someone to take them for walks. Cats, on the other hand, are more independent. They need to have food, but will lead their own lives for much of the time, and will clean and amuse themselves. People sometimes say that cats choose their owners, not the other way around! Hamsters are very popular pets for younger children as they are quite easy to look after. A hamster needs regular food, but can look after itself for much of the time, and will exercise itself on a wheel in its Then you have to think about how much money you will need to look after your pet. Goldfish are quite cheap to feed, but cats and dogs can cost a lot in food – and even more if they become ill and need to go to the vet’s! You should also decide how much spare time you have to look after your pet. Don’t buy a long-haired cat or dog unless you are happy to spend a lot of time brushing them. Of course, dogs will take more time than other animals because they need to go for a walk every day. Cats, on the other hand, look after themselves and don’t need as much attention. However, don’t forget that all animals need feeding and cleaning, and someone has to take responsibility for doing the work! Finally, if you live in a small house or flat, don’t buy an animal which needs a lot of space. It isn’t Source: McKinlay, S., Hastings, B. (2007). Success Intermediate Students’ Book CD Rom. Score Photocopiable Photocopiable 77 77 Test unit 4 Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Listening 1 Listen to the conversation and order the lines. 1 ___ Have you got that? 2 ___ Then you type your message. 3 ___ You don’t need to type in your address. 4 ___ The first thing you’ve got to do is click on the icon. Alright? 5 ___ Have you done that? 6 ___ Yes, that’s great, thanks. 1.36 2 8 Complete the sentences with the missing words. The first letter in each word is given. 1 You need to press ‘0’ before you d_______________ this number. 2 Remember what the teacher told us? We should only r_______________ with the sites we know we can trust. 3 Oh no, my phone died again! I need to r_______________ it. 4 It’s one of the best s_______________ engines. 5 With this new program you can r_______________ calls on your computer for free! Language 1 5 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are more words than you need. attach socket manual folder copyrighted delete signal 1 Boys never read the _____________. They seem to know how everything works without any instructions. 2 If you press that button, you’ll _______________ all your documents! Not a good idea! 3 The police are checking if he has any __________ material on his computer. 4 Peter, could you help me ___________ this picture to my email? 5 I can’t hear you, Rebecca! The _______________ strength isn’t too good here. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. 1 I ____________________ (visit) my grandparents recently. 2 We _____ (already/make) a demo CD. 3 My grandpa ____________________ (never/use) a computer in his life. 4 My classmates and I ________ (work) on our class website for a month. 5 ______________ (she/send) you that link yet? 6 He ____________________ (sing) with the band for 5 years. 7 Don’t you think it’s enough? You _____________ (write) text messages to your friends since lunchtime. 5 7 78 Photocopiable Test Reading 1 2 Read the text and match the headings with the paragraphs. 1 Some disadvantages 2 Keeping in touch 3 SMS messaging 4 Changes in communications technology 5 New mobile phones Read the sentences and answer T (true) or F (false) 1 ___ Technology is constantly changing. 2 ___ Children, parents and grandparents use mobiles nowadays. 3 ___ Phones are a permanent fashion item used by reporters. 4 ___ People don’t use mobile phones in buses or trains. 6 ___ Mobile phones represent a form of control. 2 7 MOBILE PHONES – A BLESSING OR A CURSE? ____There’s no doubt that the way we communicate with each other is very different now from ten years ago. Computers, for example, are now smaller, lighter and cheaper. More and more people are buying them, not for work but to use at home for email and other domestic purposes. Televisions have become interactive and video games more realistic. However, perhaps the biggest change has been the increase in the number of people using mobile phones all around the world. Even a few years ago, mobile phones were mainly used by business people anxious not to lose touch with the office. Now they have dramatically changed the way we all communicate with each other. ____Who could have guessed twenty years ago that phones would be small enough to put in a pocket, cheap enough for children to own, and sophisticated enough to allow us to send and receive spoken and text messages all over the world? Text messaging, in particular, allows parents to keep in touch with their children in an unobtrusive way. It also allows people to ask each other out without the embarrassment of face to face contact. Even grandparents are learning how to send text so that they can keep in touch with the younger generation. Texting has given rise to a whole new language where numbers and abbreviations are used to cut down the length of a message. This new language is so popular with young people that teachers have even noticed children using text language in their written school work. ____Of course, mobile phones themselves have changed: the earlier big and heavy phones have been replaced by smaller and lighter models with many more features. Most new ones have cameras and some can even send emails. The range of colours and designs has increased, and phones are very often seen as a disposable fashion item. The increasing popularity of phone cameras means that more and more people can take photos wherever they are. Today, newspapers and television often use phone pictures from eyewitnesses to illustrate their reports. This makes news reporting a much more democratic process. ____Of course everything has its drawbacks and mobile phones can be very annoying. Who hasn’t sat on a bus or train and heard all the intimate details of someone else’s life, or been irritated by people answering their mobile phone in the middle of a conversation – or worse still, a meal? Occasionally one even sees people in a restaurant, sitting at a table together but all having separate mobile conversations. ____The other problem is that with ever more sophisticated communications technology, we are increasingly expected to be available all the time. So nowadays even people on holiday from the office may need to keep in touch with their colleagues at work. In addition, although it is of course reassuring for parents to know that they can contact their children at any time, is it perhaps a loss of freedom for gap-year students travelling the world for the first time to feel that their taste of independence is being monitored by their family back home? Source: McKinlay, S., Hastings, B. (2007). Success Intermediate Students’ Book CD Rom. Score Photocopiable 79 79 Test unit 5 Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Listening 1 1.43 Listen and decide whether the statements are true or false. 1 __ The work/life balance is about having a fulfilled life. 2 __ Gary thinks most people just want to earn a living. 3 __ Meg thinks that at the end of their lives, most people will wish they had spent more time at work. 4 __ Asking people what they want to do makes them more stressed. 5 __ If people know what they want to do they can begin to make it happen. 6 __ Meg thinks it would be a good idea for people to give up their jobs. 7 __ Meg thinks that everyone should think about work all the time. 8 __ Many companies believe that their employees will be happier if they work less. 8 Language 1 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are more words than you need. auditions attention luxury compliments prejudices graduate addicted 1 I’d like to have a ___________ home with a swimmingpool somewhere in the country. 2 When I __________ from university, I’ll probably go to Ireland to look for a job. 3 She couldn’t stop eating chocolate because she was ___________ to it. 4 Many famous people weren’t good students and didn’t pay ______ in class. 5 They knew he was good so he didn’t have to take part in any _______________. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capital letters. 1 When you’re a star, you must give interviews and autographs all the time. You feel the _______________ of your popularity everywhere you go. PRESS 2 That actor desperately wanted to _______________ in the film business. SuCCESS 3 When he was a soldier, he showed a lot of ____________ in the army. BRAVE 4 ______________ does not always bring happiness. FAMOuS 5 Everywhere I go there are fans who want my autograph. I really need some _______________ or I’ll go crazy soon. PRIVATE 5 3 Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 If she ___________ (not/be) late for the Wednesday meeting, she _______________ (not/lose) her job. 2 If only they ________ (pay) attention to what their teacher had to say. 3 If he ___________ (concentrate) more, he ___________ (not/flunk) the exam. 4 I wish I ____________ (not/have) an argument with my teacher last Friday. 5 They’re looking for someone for their office in China. If only I __________ (speak) Chinese! 5 80 Photocopiable 5 Test Reading 1 Look at the text quickly, and circle the best alternatives. 1 The text is about F Scott Fitzgerald’s ___ . a work b life c wife 2 The text is to ___ . a amuse you. b advertise something. c inform you. 2 Read the text. Match sentences a–g with gaps 1–7. Listen and check. a American novelist and short story writer. b With their good looks and wild lifestyle c In the following years d Encouraged by the success of the story e By the mid 1930s, he and Zelda were living separately f After he left the army in 1919 g After a turbulent romance 2 7 (1896–1940) entered Princeton University in ___ He was born in St Paul, Minnesota, and the US Army. While stationed 1913. In 1917 he left before graduating to join to Zelda Sayre who also had in Alabama, he met and became engaged ambitions to be a writer. y for an advertising agency. In 2 ___ he moved to New York and worked briefl s in the Wood. In the story, the the same year he sold his first short story, Babe before joining the army (unlike hero, like Fitzgerald, goes to Princeton ce to Fran to fight in the First World War) Fitzgerald, the character gets sent 3 returned to St Paul and rewrote and then works in advertising. ___ , Fitzgerald of Paradise, which was published a novel he had started in the army, This Side F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife, Zelda in 1920 and was an immediate success. in 1920 and two years later 4 ___ , Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre were married of material for his 1925 in this rich community gave Fitzgerald a lot g Livin . York New , Neck t Grea to ed mov they le needed to live more ng and publishing stories and novels, the coup l, The Great Gatsby, novel The Great Gatsby. Although he was writi nove le they were living there, Fitzgerald’s greatest cheaply so in 1924 they moved to Europe. Whi was published. s. For a couple of periods between Europe and the States several time 5 ___ , the Fitzgeralds travelled back and forth contract with a film studio. and he later returned to take up a well-paid he worked in Hollywood as a screenwriter use of his problems with d one film script before being sacked beca Despite his talents as a writer, he only complete alcohol. Although they never got health problems and living in a hospital. 6 ___ because she was suffering from mental died of a heart attack in nalist and it was in her apartment that he divorced, he started a relationship with a jour where she was living. ital died tragically in a fire in the mental hosp 1940. Zelda outlived him by eight years but and F. Scott Fitzgerald is s jazz age. They were both talented people 7 ___ , the Fitzgeralds represented the 1920 some people think destroyed lists. Sadly, they both had problems which thought to be one of the USA’s finest nove Cambrigde Guide them and wasted their talents. : Ousby, J. (1996). In Cambridge university Press. The 1 Source to Literature in English. Cambridge, united Kingdom Score Photocopiable AM ER ICA N NO VE LIS TS F. Scott Fitzgerald 66 81 81 Test unit 6 Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________ Grade: _______ Listening 1 2.3 F (false). Listen to the conversation and answer T (true) or 2 1 It’s the house in _________ Ian Fleming wrote his books. 1 ___ The apartment is very small. 2 He took me to the room in __________ the walls were made of marble. 2 ___ The apartment is shabby. 3 ___ The apartment is white and has red doors. 3 We visited our neighbours __________ house overlooks the harbour. 4 ___ The carpet is very old. 4 He was an architect from ___________ others could learn a lot. 4 5 Having noisy roommates is _________ I dislike most about living here. Language 1 Put on the correct relative pronoun 5 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. There are more words than you need. compelled porch stuffy windows reefs curtains mole 3 Circle the correct answer. 1 You should have seen her face. She was so pessimistic / elated / patronising when Ben gave her the puppy. 1 Such fish can only be found in the ______ north of Australia. 2 In summer, when the sun is really strong, we must keep the _____ closed between noon and 2 p.m. 1 3 The clothes were so dirty that she felt ______ to take them to the launderette. 4 In the morning he opened the ___________ to let the sun in. 5 Oh no, look at the holes in the garden! It must’ve been a ____________. 2 The kitchen was a bit cramped / isolated / spacious but we didn’t mind. 3 We redecorated the sitting room and now it’s really stuffy / draughty / cosy. 4 By putting in a bookcase or two, we’re going to convert the place into a study / cabinet / studio flat. 5 We’re planning to add a conservatory / utility room / terrace where we could grow exotic plants. 6 Don’t be so sarcastic / suspicious / frustrated! I’m not lying, the Friday classes really have been cancelled. 5 6 82 Photocopiable Test Reading 1 2 Read the text. Match the titles with the correct paragraphs. Read the text and answer T (true) or F (false). 1 The latest ideas 1 ___ British people like to contract decorators for renovating their houses. 2 The exhibition area 2 ___ The Ideal Home Show is held every weekend. 3 Refreshments 3 ___ At The Ideal Home Show people may find furniture, and furnishings. 4 A revival in popularity 4 ___ At the Ideal Home Show people can rest at cafés and restaurants. 5 Towards an ‘ideal home’ 5 ___ The Ideal Home Show is traditional and only attracts adults. 6 An annual event 6 5 THE IDEAL HOME SHOW _____The British are famous for enjoying DIY (Do-it-Yourself) and spending time renovating and decorating their houses. Perhaps nothing illustrates this more clearly than The Ideal Home Show which is held once a year at the Earl’s Court exhibition centre in London. This popular show is run every spring by the newspaper The Daily Mail. We may think that the current interest in interior design is recent, but the event started life as the Ideal Home Exhibition in 1908. _____The aim of the exhibition is to bring together everything associated with improving your home and it is a showcase for the latest ideas and inventions for the modern house. It runs for about three weeks, and is open seven days a week. Of course, it is always very full at weekends when people have more free time, but it’s also busy during the week, when coach loads of visitors come from all over the country. _____So, what can you see? Perhaps the most surprising thing for the new visitor is that there are real-sized show houses demonstrating up-to-the-minute trends and developments from builders and developers. These are always very popular, and on busy days people queue for a long time to wait for their turn to walk around the houses, looking at how the rooms are furnished and admiring the gardens. It is the place to come to get inspiration for decorating and interior design. There is also a show theatre where experts give talks and demonstrations on topics such as colour schemes, cooking and wine. _____The Ideal Home Show covers a huge space where visitors will find, in addition to the show houses, several hundred stalls which show everything to do with the home. Furniture, such as tables and sofas, furnishings including curtains, blinds and bed linen, domestic appliances such as food mixers and irons and gadgets of all kinds are all on display. _____The exhibition hall has cafés and restaurants where visitors can rest and revive themselves. Some people take packed lunches and sit on steps and in odd corners to rest for a few minutes before setting off around the show again. Other more optimistic people wander around the food stalls, hoping for enough free samples to provide lunch. _____A few years ago, the show was seen as rather quaint and traditional. Nowadays, there is such a surge of interest in interior design that new life has been breathed into the show, and it attracts visitors of all ages. Why are people so interested in their houses? Many different reasons are possible. It may be because of a desire to feel safe in our own homes. It may be because people travel more and pick up new and different ideas from other places. It might just be that we now have more time and money to enjoy where we live. Whatever the reason – if you like shopping and picking up tips and ideas, you will enjoy the Ideal Home Show. Just make sure you wear comfortable shoes and allow plenty of time to see everything! Source: Carr, J., Parsons, J. (2007). Success Upper Intermediate CD Rom. Score Photocopiable 83 83 Test writing tasks Test unit 1 – Love and trust Name:___________________________________________________ Grade: _______________ Choose one of the statements below. Write a short opinion essay. • It’s important for parents and children to communicate with each other. • You must follow the rules of the house you live in. • Teenagers shouldn’t have a lot of freedom ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Test unit 2 - (S)he Name:___________________________________________________ Grade: _______________ There is an exchange student from a foreign country visiting your school. Write him / her a short note explaining the rules and customs. Here are some words to help you. • Must / mustn’t • Ought to • Should • Can / could • Have to / don’t have to ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Test unit 3 – Amazing animals Name:___________________________________________________ Grade: _______________ Choose one of the titles 1-4 and plan an opinion essay. Write a short essay expressing your opinion. Include an introduction, your opinion with two or three arguments, mention one or two arguments which are against your opinion, summarise for the conclusion. • • • • It is wrong to keep pets Using animals for food / clothing is wrong It is natural for humans to use animals for food and clothing If cows were the dominant species, they would eat us. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 84 Photocopiable Test unit 4 – Keeping up-to-date Name:___________________________________________________ Grade: _______________ You have gone away for the summer to visit with some relatives who live in another town. Write an email to your friend. • • • • • Explain where you are and why. Ask about his/her summer Say how you are looking forward to going home and explain what preparations you have made. Give some news about another friend. Tell him/her how to contact you while you are away. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Test unit 5 – Success! Name:___________________________________________________ Grade: _______________ Choose one of the topics below and write an essay. • A time you fulfilled a dream • A time you missed an opportunity to do something • A time you messed up something badly • A time you made the most of an opportunity Useful words: an ambition a dream an aim a chance an opportunity a diffculty a problem an obstacle a disability a fear/phobia ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Test unit 6 – Where the heart is Name:___________________________________________________ Grade: _______________ Write about a memorable visit to a place. Include: 1. Information about the place and why you went there 2. Description and your first impression 3. Why it was memorable, personal anecdotes 4. Personal reflections and why you would recommend it Use • neutral style with personal anecdotes • adjectives, adverbs, and colloquial words and expressions for color • relative clauses to link ideas ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Photocopiable 85 Test speaking tasks Test Student A Student B Unit 1 Love and Trust While you are studying in uK, you are taking part While you are studying in uK, you are taking part in a debate about television. •Express your opinion that TV has a bad influence on young people. •Listen to your partner’s opinion and disagree politely. You believe that TV gives us a lot of useful information about the world. •Disagree politely with your partner’s opinion. In your opinion there is also too much violence on TV. •Askhim/herwhatkindsofprogrammeshe/she thinks are violent. •Giveanexampleofaprogrammewhich,in your opinion, has a lot of violence. •Agreewithyourpartnerbutgiveyouropinionofa programme you think is educational. You start the conversation. Your partner starts the conversation. Test Student A Student B Unit 2 (S)he Ask politely if you can talk to your friend about something important Your friend thinks you are lazy and forgetful. He / she is aggressive and stubborn. •Suggesthowhe/shecoulddobetter •Politelyacceptyourfriendsrequesttotalk. •Say that you think your friend has the responsibility to improve •Listen to your friends suggestions and politely disagree with his / her opinion of you. •Tellyourfriendyoulikethewayyouareandsuggest how your friend might relax. You start the conversation. 86 Your partner starts the conversation. Test Student A Student B Unit 3 Amazing Animals You are taking part in a debate about animal rights. You are taking part in a debate about animal rights. Listen to your partner’s opinion and disagree politely. You believe zoos are places of education. •Express your opinion that zoos cannot recreate the environment and the animals are bored and stressed. •Disagree politely with your partner’s opinion. You think zoos are cruel. •Ask him / her how we can protect the future of some endangered species that now exist only in zoos. •Giveanexampleofawhyitiscrueltokeep animals in zoos •Agreewithyourpartnerbutgiveyouropinionthat zoos provide useful environments for doing research in zoology, genetics, and psychology. You start the conversation. Your partner starts the conversation. Test Student A Student B Unit 4 Keeping up-to. date You are showing a friend how to use your new phone/MP3 player, etc. Your friend is showing you how to use his/her new device. •Saywhattodo • Ask him / her to show you how it works. •Identifytheparts • Say that you understand. •Checkthathe/sheunderstands. You start the conversation. Your partner starts the conversation. 87 Test Student A Student B Unit 5 Success A friend of yours is planning a holiday in your country. He / she is going to visit your city. You are an English-speaking tourist who is planning a holiday in your partner’s country. You are going to visit your friend in his / her city. •Askhim/herabouthis/hertravelplans. •Suggest the best way to get to your city and a good place to stay. •Tellhim/heraboutyourtravelplanswhenyouare going, how long you are going to stay, who you are going with. •Givehim/hersomeadviceonhowtohave a good time in your city without spending too much money. •Ask him / her about the best way to travel and where to stay. •Tellhim/heraboutwhatyouwouldliketodowhile you are there and ask him / her for any advice. Your partner starts the conversation. You start the conversation. Test Student A Student B Unit 6 Where the heart is Your sister/brother wants to spend your holiday in a tent. You know that the forecast is for wet weather. You think she/he should rent a cabin, instead. You want to spend your holiday camping in a tent. Your sister/brother thinks you should rent a cabin, but you think it’s too expensive. •Trytosoundtentative •Offeralternatives •Explainwhyyouprefertocamp •Be polite and listen to her/his ideas and offer reasons why they are not valid •Use these words: wondering, mind, business, interfere You start the conversation. 88 Your partner starts the conversation. Test answer key Test Unit 1 - Love and trust Listening Exercise 1 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 F Language Exercise 1 1 divorced 2 blind 3 teens 4 argue 5 married Exercise 2 1 yet 2 recently 3 just 4 since 5 already Exercise 3 1 Have you sent 2 did he get 3 lived 4 have you known 5 took 6 haven’t finished 7 has he known Reading 1F/2T/3T/4F/5F/6F/7T/8T Language Exercise 1 1 manual 2 delete 3 copyrighted 4 attach 5 signal Exercise 2 1 dial 2 rely 3 recharge 4 search 5 receive Exercise 3 1 have visited 2 have already made 3 has never used 4 have been working 5 Has she sent 6 He has been singing 7 have been writing Reading Exercise 1 1 Changes in communication technology 2 SMS messaging 3 New mobile phones 4 Some disadvantages 5 Keeping in touch Exercise 2 1 T / 2 T / 3 F / 4 F 5 T Unit 5– Success! Unit 2 - (S)he Listening Listening Exercise 1 1 F / 2 F / 3 F / 4 T Language Exercise 1 1 T / 2T / 3 F / 4 F / 5 T / 6 F / 7 F / 8 T Language Exercise 2 1 impractical 2 predictable 3 insensitive 4 sympathetic 5 uncomplicated Exercise 3 1 Can 2 could 3 have to 4 has to 5 been able to 6 mustn’t 7 ought Exercise 1 1 luxury 2 graduate 3 addicted 4 attention 5 auditions Exercise 2 1 pressure 2 successful 3 bravery 4 fame 5 privacy Exercise 3 1 hadn’t been late, wouldn’t have lost 2 had paid 3 he had concentrated, wouldn’t have 4 hadn’t had 5 spoke Reading Reading Exercise 1 1 superior 2 adolescent 3 weaknesses 4 gossip 5 male 1T/2F/3F/4T/5T/6T/7F/8F Unit 3 – Amazing animals Listening Exercise 1 1 T / 2 F / 3 F / 4 T / 5 F Language Exercise 1 1 pests Exercise 2 1 when 5 When Exercise 3 1 is, is survive Reading 2 storks 3 predators 4 ape 5 herds 2 after 3 on condition that 4 as long as 2 wins, will be 3 didn’t have, wouldn’t 4 stamps, wants 1 dogs 2 dogs 3 cats 4 hamsters 5 cats and dogs 6 hamsters and mice 7 snakes 8 snakes Unit 4 – Keeping up-to-date Listening Exercise 1 1 The first thing you’ve got to do is click on the icon. Alright? 2 Then you type your message. 3 Have you done that? 4 You don’t need to type in your address. 5 Have you got that? 6 Yes, that’s great, thanks. Exercise 1 1 b / 2 c Exercise 2 1 He went to university. 2 He joined the army. 3 He met Zelda. 4 He worked in advertising. 5 They lived in a rich neighborhood. 6 The Great Gatsby was published. 7 He worked in Hollywood. 8 He lost his job. 9 He died. 10 She died. Unit 6 – Where the heart is Listening Exercise 1 1 F / 2 T / 3 F / 4 T Language Exercise 1 1 reefs 2 windows 3 compelled 4 curtains 5 mole Exercise 2 1 where 2 which 3 whose 4 whom 5 what Exercise 3 1 elated 2 cramped 3 cosy 4 study 5 terrace 6 suspicious Reading Exercise 1 1 An annual event 2 Towards an “ideal” home 3 The latest ideas 4 The exhibition area 5 Refreshments 6 A revival in popularity Exercise 2 1 F / 2 F / 3 T / 4 T / 5 F 89 Writing assessment criteria To be applied when assessing student’s written performance. • The criteria for assessment include: 1 Range of vocabulary and structures used (5 points maximum). 2 Organisation, linking and register (5 points maximum). 3 Coverage of points and presentation of ideas (5 points maximum). 4 Relevance to topic, handwriting, spelling (5 points maximum). • Altogether, there is a maximum of 20 points to gain in each writing evaluation. • The total score is calculated by adding up the points given to the student in each one of the 4 criteria. • The distribution of points in each of the above-mentioned aspects is presented in the table with rating scales below. Writing assessment table Points Vocabulary and Structures • 5 4 • • 3 • 2 • 1 90 wide range of structure and vocabulary demonstrating control of language good range of structure and vocabulary, generally accurate adequate range of structure and vocabulary, some errors range of structure and vocabulary rather limited, errors may obscure communication narrow range of structure and vocabulary, little or no language control Organisation, Linking and Register • • • clear organisation with a variety of linking devices Presentation and Coverage of Relevance, Handwriting and Points Spelling • contributes fully and effectively • the language is appropriate to task throughout the interaction (remarks, responses, questions, elaboration of ideas) effective organisation, suitable linking devices • adequate organisation, simple linking devices • contributes with ease for most of the interaction contributes effectively for some of the interaction, but fairly frequent difficulties. difficulty in maintaining contributions throughout. • may respond to simple or structured interaction but obvious limitations in freer situations • lack of organisation and • no contribution throughout. • no response even to simple linking devices interaction. • inconsistent organisation, few linking devices • only occasional and minor difficulties and inadequacies of execution or language • tasks are dealt with in a limited manner. • the language is often inappropriate. • redirection may have been required at times • inadequate attempts at the tasks using little appropriate language. • requires major redirection or assistance • • • language inappropriate. no response to redirection or assistance Speaking assessment criteria To be applied when assessing student’s oral performance. • The speaking tasks should be varied and always refer to the leading theme of each lesson or unit in the Student’s Book. The approximate time of each speaking evaluation is 5-10 as some tasks may require some preparation (2-3 minutes) on the part of the student. • Students must be prepared to provide full but natural answers to questions asked by either the other student (paired format) or the interlocutor / teacher (individual format), and to speak clearly and audibly at all times. They should ask for clarification if they have not understood what has been said. • The teacher acts as assessor listening to the students’ conversations and information exchanges, but occasionally, he / she may act as interlocutor (if he / she decides not to have a paired test) managing the interaction either by asking questions or providing cues for testees. It is also the teacher’s role to ensure that both students in a paired evaluation are given an equal opportunity to speak. • The role of the students is to maintain the interaction as much as possible and take equal turns in the information exchange so as to provide the teacher / examiner with an adequate amount of language to assess. Speaking assessment table Points Accuracy evidence of a wide range of structures and vocabulary, used appropriately and confidently. • errors minimal in number and gravity. • good mastery of English pronunciation features • evidence of a good range of structures and vocabulary. • a few minor errors which do not impede communication. • minor difficulties with some pronunciation features (which do not strain the listener or impede communication) • fairly frequent errors and evidence of restricted range of structures and/or vocabulary (these do not prevent communication of the essential message). • obvious L1 pronunciation features with major defects (they may strain the listener and/or make comprehension of detail difficult) • frequent basic errors and limited range of structures and/or vocabulary impede communication and strain the listener. • heavy L1 pronunciation and widespread difficulties with English features impede communication of the message and strain the listener. • errors and almost no structures and/or vocabulary. • no attempt to produce instances of grammar structures, vocabulary or pronunciation • 5 4 3 2 1 • The criteria for assessment include: 1 Accuracy: correctness of grammar structures, use of grammar structures, accurate use of syntactic forms, right choice of vocabulary, pronunciation (sounds, word stress, intonation patterns). (5 points maximum). 2 Fluency: speed of speech, use of fíllers and hesitation, number of pauses, ‘playing for time’, linking devices.(5 points maximum). 3 Interaction and collaboration: turn-taking, initiating and responding, maintaining conversation, reasonable use of time provided. (5 points maximum). 4 Task achievement / appropriacy: getting the message across, use of prompts provided, ability to express ideas in a coherent way, ability to justify opinions, completion of the task (reaching a conclusion, an agreement, etc.), relevance of language of the task. (5 points maximum). • Altogether, there is a maximum of 20 points to gain in each speaking evaluation. • The total score is calculated by adding up the points given to the student in each one of the 4 criteria • The distribution of points in each of the above-mentioned aspects is presented in the table with rating scales below. Fluency coherent spoken interaction with good speed and rhythm. • few obtrusive hesitations. • occasional but noticeable hesitations (which do not strain the listener or impede communication). • fairly frequent and noticeable hesitations. • communication is achieved but strains the listener at times. • • disconnected speech and/or frequent hesitations. no flow of speech at all. hesitations. • lack of attempt to speak in general. • • Interaction and Task Achievement and Collaboration Appropriacy • contributes fully and • the language is appropriate effectively throughout the to task (remarks, interaction responses, questions, elaboration of ideas) • • contributes with ease for most of the interaction contributes effectively for some of the interaction, but fairly frequent difficulties. difficulty in maintaining contributions throughout. • may respond to simple or structured interaction but obvious limitations in freer situations • no contribution throughout. • no response even to simple interaction. • • only occasional and minor difficulties and inadequacies of execution or language tasks are dealt with in a limited manner. • the language is often inappropriate. • redirection may have been required at times • inadequate attempts at the tasks using little appropriate language. • requires major redirection or assistance • • • language inappropriate. no response to redirection or assistance 91 Irregular verbs 92 Base form Simple Past Tense Past Participle Base form Simple Past Tense Past Participle awake awoke awoken find found found be was, were been fit fit fit bear bore born flee fled fled flung flung beat beat beat fling become became become fly flew flown begin began begun forbid forbade forbidden bend bent bent forget forgot forgotten forewent foregone beset beset beset forego (forgo) bet bet bet forgive forgave forgiven bid bid/bade bid/bidden forsake forsook forsaken bind bound bound freeze froze frozen bite bit bitten get got gotten gave given bleed bled bled give blow blew blown go went gone break broke broken grind ground ground breed bred bred grow grew grown bring brought brought hang hung hung broadcast broadcast broadcast hear heard heard build built built hide hid hidden burn burned/burnt burned/burnt hit hit hit burst burst burst hold held held hurt hurt buy bought bought hurt cast cast cast keep kept kept catch caught caught kneel knelt knelt choose chose chosen knit knitted knitted cling clung clung know knew known laid laid come came come lay cost cost cost lead led led creep crept crept leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt cut cut cut learn learned/learnt learned/learnt deal dealt dealt leave left left dig dug dug lend lent lent dive dived/dove dived let let let do did done lie lay lain draw drew drawn light lighted/lit lighted lost lost dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt lose drive drove driven make made made drink drank drunk mean meant meant eat ate eaten meet met met fall fell fallen misspell misspelled/misspelt misspelled/misspelt mistook mistaken feed fed fed mistake feel felt felt mow mowed mowed/mown fight fought fought overcome overcame overcome Base form Simple Past Tense Past Participle Base form Simple Past Tense Past Participle overdo overdid overdone spend spent spent overtake overtook overtaken spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt overthrow overthrew overthrown spin spun spun pay paid paid spit spit/spat spit split split plead pled pled split prove proved proved/proven spread spread spread put put put spring sprang/sprung sprung quit quit quit stand stood stood read read read steal stole stolen stuck stuck rid rid rid stick ride rode ridden sting stung stung ring rang rung stink stank stunk rise rose risen stride strod stridden run ran run strike struck struck saw sawed sawed/sawn string strung strung say said said strive strove striven see saw seen swear swore sworn seek sought sought sweep swept swept swelled swelled/swollen sell sold sold swell send sent sent swim swam swum set set set swing swung swung sew sewed sewed/sewn take took taken shake shook shaken teach taught taught tore torn shave shaved shaved/shaven tear shear shore shorn tell told told shed shed shed think thought thought shine shone shone thrive thrived/throve thrived shoe shoed shoed/shod throw threw thrown shoot shot shot thrust thrust thrust show showed showed/shown tread trod trodden shrink shrank shrunk understand understood understood shut shut shut uphold upheld upheld upset upset sing sang sung upset sink sank sunk wake woke woken sit sat sat wear wore worn sleep slept slept weave weaved/wove weaved/woven slay slew slain wed wed wed wept wept slide slid slid weep sling slung slung wind wound wound slit slit slit win won won smite smote smitten withhold withheld withheld withstood withstood sow sowed sowed/sown withstand speak spoke spoken wring wrung wrung speed sped sped write wrote written 93 PRONUNCIATION TABLE CONSONANTS Symbol VOWELS Key word Other common spellings Symbol /p/ park happy Long and short vowels /b/ bath rubbish /t/ tie butter /d/ die teddy bear /k/ cat key /g/ give ghost /tS/ chair match /dZ/ jeans age /f/ face coffee phone /v/ visit of /T/ Key word Other common spellings /i…/ feet niece read these receipt police /I/ fit gym /i/ happy spaghetti /e/ bed any bread /œ/ bad /A…/ bath art half /Å/ bottle watch /O…/ bought sport your daughter small draw war floor throw /U/ put book /D/ they /u…/ boot /s/ sell rude blue fruit move shoe group flew /z/ walked school check bigger natural gadget soldier laugh guitar key pretty married friend aunt heart could /ø/ but some cousin zoo cinema listen psychology scenery message nose buzz /‰…/ bird serve early /S/ shop sure ambition /´/ brother the /Z/ measure revision Diphthongs (two vowel sounds pronounced as one) /h/ hot who /eI/ grey lake /m/ map summer /´U/ gold show /n/ not know sunny /aI/ by /N/ sing think like die high eyes buy /l/ lot ball /aU/ brown about /r/ road sorry write /OI/ boy noisy /j/ yellow /I´/ hear here /e´/ hair /w/ warm usually Europe beautiful new one whale quick there their teddybear /U´/ sure poor about wait turn actor play colour eight break coat height beer square tour Triphthongs (three vowel sounds pronounced as one) 94 /eI´/ player /´U´/ lower /aI´/ tired /aU´/ flower Websites Visual Dictionary Online - Merriam-Webster http://visual.merriam-webster.com Discovery School http://school.discovery.com Educational helper http://www.edhelper.com/ English teaching material http://www.eslgold.com ESL teacher resources www.usingenglish.com/teachers.html Fun Brain http://www.funbrain.com How To Learn http://www.howtolearn.com Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org/ Learning page http://www.learningpage.com National Geographic http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/edu/ New York Times Learning Network http://www.nytimes.com/learning Resources & teaching ideas http://www.eslsite.com The Web 2.0 for EFL Teachers http://www.Web2meltingpot.wikispaces.com 95 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(2007). Love and trust. In Pearson Longman (Eds.), Success Pre – Intermediate, Teacher’s Support Book (pp. 90-97). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9781405865098 Fricker, R. (2007). S(he). In Pearson Longman (Eds.), Success Intermediate, Teacher’s Support Book (pp. 44-53). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9781405865104 Fricker, R. (2007). Amazing animals. In Pearson Longman (Eds.), Success Intermediate, Teacher’s Support Book (pp. 62-69). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9781405865104 Fricker, R. (2007). Keeping up-to-date. In Pearson Longman (Eds.), Success Intermediate, Teacher’s Support Book (pp. 26-33). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9781405865104 Fricker, R. (2007). Success! In Pearson Longman (Eds.), Success Intermediate, Teacher’s Support Book (pp. 72-79). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9781405865104 Fricker, R. (2007). Where the heart is. 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