benefits of therapeutic music in the clinical setting

BENEFITS OF
THERAPEUTIC MUSIC IN
THE CLINICAL SETTING
Bonnie Berk, MS, RN. HNB-BC, CCM
SOUND MEDITATION
ANCIENT SOCIETIES
Horden, P. (Ed.) 2000. Music as medicine : The history of music therapy since antiquity. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
Plato (428 BC – 348 BC)
“ Music molds character, when modes of music
change, the fundamental laws of the state
change with them. Music is medicine to the
soul. Justice is to the soul as health is to the
body. Through music, the soul learns harmony
and rhythm and even a disposition to justice.”
Kleisiaris CF, Sfakianakis C and Papathanasiou, L Med Ethics Hist Med, 2014, 7:6. Health Care practices
in ancient Greece: The Hippocratic Ideal,.
APOLLO: GREEK GOD OF
MUSIC AND MEDICINE
Elements of Music Used in
Conscious Ways:
1.  Harmony: Evokes spiritual feelings.
2.  Melody: Appeals to emotions/mind.
3.  Rhythm: Influences the body.
Holism = MIND + BODY +SPIRIT
Carroll, D. 2011. Professor of Music Therapy, Music Department, Universite’ du Quebec a Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec. [email protected]
PYTHAGORAS AND MUSIC
Through music, Pythagoras performed what he
called “soul-adjustments”. He discovered:
Music is Mathematics
Arithmetic= Number in itself
Geometry= Number in space
Music/Harmonies= Number in time
Astronomy= Number in space & time
Carroll, D. 2011. Professor of Music Therapy, Music Department, Universite’ du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal,
Quebec. [email protected]
Hall, M.P. The therapeutic value of music including the philosophy of music. Los Angeles, CA: Philosophical
Research Society.1982.
VIBRATIONAL MEDICINE
“Within certain subspecialties of conventional medicine, the
groundwork for a shift from the Newtonian pharmacokinetic
approach to an Einsteinian view of pure energetic healing is
presently being formulated. This permutation from conventional
drug and surgical therapy to electromagnetic healing represents the
beginnings of a revolution in consciousness for the medical
profession.”
Gerber R. Vibrational Medicine: Third Edition. 2001. Bear & Co. Vermont..p. 91.
HUMAN MULTIDIMENSIONAL
ANATOMY
Newtonian
Einsteinian
!  Mechanistic: physical
clockwork
!  Intricate chemical systems
powering a structure of
nerve, muscle, flesh and
bones.
!  Matter as a substance
composed of particles of light.
!  Wave/particle duality of
matter: Holographic energy
field.
!  Difference between physical
matter and etheric matter is
difference of frequency.
Gerber R. Vibrational Medicine: Third Edition. 2001. Bear & Co. Vermont. p.119 – 121..
CHAKRA ENERGY SY STEM
M E R I D I A N E N E RG Y S Y S T E M
THE RESONANT SY STEM
Your Body
Piano
THE RESONANT SY STEM
Your Body
! Trachea, throat, mouth,
nasal cavities and
sinuses,
! Vocal Chords: Vibrating
strings,
! Breath is energy source.
Piano
!  Hollow, box-like body,
!  Strings vibrate,
!  Human hands are energy
source.
Riley L. & Sweeney D. Integrative Anatomy and the Resonant System. Harps for Healing LLC. 2014.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE
RESONANT SY STEM?
“ Every body organ and tissue has a frequency or group of
frequencies. The human body is an orchestra of harmonic
sound. Every organ has an inherent resonance. When one of
these gets out of tune, like an orchestra, the entire body
suffers.”
Laura Riley, Founder, Harps for Healing LLC
VIBRATIONAL TOOLS
Strong humming for one
hour daily to terminate
chronic rhinosinusitis in
four days: a case report
Eby, G. Strong humming for one hour daily to terminate chronic rhinosinusitis in
four days: a case report and hypothesis for action by stimulation of endogenous
nasal nitric oxide production. .Med Hypothesis 2006;66(4):851-4. Epub 2006 Jan 10.
ENTRAINMENT
1. A technique for identifying the slowest pacing necessary to terminate an arrhythmia, particularly atrial flutter.
2. The synchronization and control of cardiac rhythm by an external stimulus.
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.
TIMBRE
tim·bre
(tim'bĕr, tam'bĕr),
The distinguishing quality of a sound, by which one may determine its source, for example, type of musical instrument, v
oice of a person based principally on thedi
stribution of overtones.
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
HEALTH BENEFITS OF MUSIC
! Pain Relief : Siedliecki, SL, Good, M. Effect of music on power, pain, depression and disability.
J Adv Nurs. 2006. Jun:54(5): 553-62.
! Decreases Blood Pressure: Teng XF, Wong, MY, Zhang, YT. The effect of music on
hypertensive patients. Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007.: 4649-51.
! Improves Heart Function: Bernardi, L. Porta C. Sleight P. Cardiovascular,
cerebrovascular and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicins and nonmusicians:
the importance of silence. Heart. 2006 Apr:92 (4): 445-52
HEALTH BENEFITS OF MUSIC
! Speeds Post-Stroke Recovery:
• 
Sarkarno T. Tervaniemei M, Laitinen S. et al. Music Listening enhances cognitive recovery
and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain. 2008. Mar: 131:866-76.
• 
Sarkarno T. Ripolles P. Vepsalainen H., et al. Structural changes induced by daily music
listening in the recovering brain after middle cerebral artery stroke: a voxel-based
morphometry study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Apr 17;8:245.
!  Boosts Immunity:
• 
Kuhn D. The effects of active and passive participation in musical activity on the immune system as
measured by salivary immunoglobulin A. J Music Ther. 2002 Spring: 39 (1):30-9.
• 
Le Rouz FH, Bouic PJ. Bester MM. The effect of Gbach’s Magnificent on emotions,
immune and endocrine parameters during physiotherapy treatment of patients with
infectious lung conditions. J Music Ther. 2007 Summer:44(2):156-68.
MUSIC BENEFITS HEALTH
Medical News Today: March 2013:
“ First large scale review of 400 research papers in the
neurochemistry of music showed that music increases an
antibody that plays an important role in immunity of the
mucous system, known as immunoglobulin A as well as
natural killer cells.”
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articls/258383.php
H I G H L I G H T S F RO M R E V I E W
! 
Listening to music was better than prescription medications in reducing stress
before surgery.
! 
People who listened to music had an increase in levels of Immunoglobulin A (IgA).
! 
Music listeners had higher numbers of an immune cell type called "natural
killer cells," whose job it is to attack bacteria, infected cells, and cancerous cells.
! 
Listening to music reduced levels of cortisol in the body.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/258383.php
HEALTH BENEFITS OF MUSIC
!  Postpartum wellbeing: Simavli S, Kaygusuz, I, Gumus, I, et al. Effect of music
therapy during vaginal deliery on postpartum pain relief and mental health. J Affect. Disord. 2014 Mar:
156; 194-9
!  Induces sleep:
• 
• 
Harmat L. Taka’cs J. Bo’dizs R. Music improves sleep quality in students. J Adv Nurs. 2008
May:62(3): 327-35.
Lai, HI. Good M. Music improves sleep quality in older adults. J Adv Nurs. 2005 Feb: 49(3):
234-44.
!  Decreases depression: Maratos AS. Gold C. Wang X, Crawford MJ. Music Therapy for
depression. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008 Jan 23"1): CD004517. Review.
REDUCING ANXIETY
L E V E L S I N C A N C E R PA T I E N T S
American Cancer Society says that music therapy: “ may
be used to encourage emotional expression, promote
social interaction, relieve symptoms, and for other
purposes.”
Bradt J. Dileo C. Grocke D. Magill L. Music Interventions for improving psychological and physical
outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database published online Aug. 10, 2011.
Hendrick, B. Music Therapy may ease anxiety of cancer patients. WebMD, Aug 10, 2011.
EFFECTS OF MUSIC LISTENING
ON CORTISOL LEVELS
!  2011: Double-blind Study explored effects of instrumental music on
hormonal system, immune system and sedative drug requirements
during surgery.
!  Patients (40) randomly assigned to music group or control
!  Patient of music group had a lower propofol consumption and
lower cortisol levels compared to control group.
Koelsch, Fuermetz, Sack, et al. Effects of music listening on cortisol levels and propofol
consumption during spinal analgesia. Frontiers in Psychology. 2011; 2: 58
British Journal of Occupational Therapy
British Journal of Occupational Therapy
November 2014 vol. 77 no. 11556-564
November 2014 vol. 77 no. 11556-564
Live Music Promotes Positive
Behaviors in People with
Alzheimer's Disease
Cox E. Nowak M. Buettner P. Live music promotes positive behaviors in people with Alzheimer's
Disease. Brit J of Occupational Ther. Nov 2014 77 (11). 556-564.
Pacifier
Activated
Lullaby (PAL)
Cevasco AM, Grant RE. "Effects of the pacifier activated lullaby on weight gain of premature infants." J Music Therapy, 2005
Summer;42(2):123-39.
Whipple J. "The effect of music-reinforced nonnutritive sucking on state of preterm, low birthweight infants experiencing
heelstick." J Music Therapy, 2008 Fall;45(3):227-72.
LIVE VS RECORDED MUSIC
Advantages of Live Music:
!  Moment-by-moment flexibility which allows the
music therapist to control the tempo, loudness, and
vocal and instrumental quality.
!  Offering the advantage of observing the
physiological and behavioral responses of the client
and then responding appropriately.
Hunter, BC & Sahler, OJZ. 2006. Music for very young ears. Birth, 33(2), 137-138.
Bonnie Berk, RN, MS, HNB-BC, CCM with her Thormahlen harp
For more information, contact [email protected] / 717.258.4641