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FINAL PAPER
EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL
SUPPORT AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT TOWARD
TURNOVER INTENTION: THE CASE OF TOKO EMAS
HARAPAN
Submitted as a final requirement to obtain the degree of Sarjana Ekonomi Strata Satu
By :
NAME : JOYCE MARGONO
NPM
: 01120080018
PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
UNIVERSITAS PELITA HARAPAN
SURABAYA
2012
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank to the Lord Jesus Christ who has given abundant love and
grace to the author for making this thesis, and thanks to His grace so that this thesis
can be resolved. This thesis is structured in order to fulfill academic requirements to
obtain Sarjana Ekonomi Strata Satu in Universitas Pelita Harapan Surabaya.
This thesis can be resolved with the support and wholehearted assistance
provided by various parties who had given their energy, time, and effort. Authors
would like to sincerely thank you deeply for all those who have provided assistance
and support in the completion of this thesis is as follows:
1. Prof. Louie Divinagracia, Msc., DBA as the Dean of UPH Surabaya Business
School, Head of the MM Study Program of Universitas Pelita Harapan
Surabaya who kindly and was responsible and who has supported this thesis.
2. Ronald, S.T., M.M. as the Deputy of Management Study Program of
Universitas Pelita Harapan Surabaya who has provided academic support for
the completion of this thesis.
3. Prof. Maria Rochelle G. Divinagracia, M.Sc., DBA as Thesis Adviser and
Academic Adviser of the International Class students of Universitas Pelita
Harapan Surabaya who provide full patient motivation, direction, and support
for the author to be able to finish college and this thesis.
4. Liza Nelloh, S.E, M.M. as Thesis Co-Adviser who kindly provide guidance
for the completion of this thesis.
5. Hastuti Naibaho, S.E, M.Si. and Oliandes Sondakh, S.E, M.M. as Panelist for
their discretion during the Final Defense.
6. All Business School lecturers of Universitas Pelita Harapan Surabaya who
have shared knowledge during the academic years.
7. Margono and Sianny Budhiman as author’s parents who endlessly provide
support, motivation, and the sincere prayers so the author can finish this
thesis.
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8. The owner of Toko Emas Harapan who give permission to use Toko Emas
Harapan as an research object of this thesis.
9. Andrias Margono, Grace Margono, and Jany Margono as author’s siblings
who provide support, motivation, and prayer in making this thesis.
10. Grace Octavia Gan and Patricia Cindy Wong as author’s best friends who
encourage and support during the preparation of this thesis.
11. All of my friends at Universitas Pelita Harapan Surabaya who I cannot
mention one by one, who always together in lectures and who has provided
encouragement and motivation in completing this thesis.
Surabaya, 27 April 2012
Author
Joyce Margono
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY OF FINAL PAPER
AGREEMENT OF MENTORING GUIDANCE FOR FINAL PAPER
FINAL PAPER EXAMINATION COMMITEE
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..........................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION .........................................................
1
1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................
1.2 Research Problems ...................................................
1.3 Research Objectives ................................................
1.4 Research Contributions ............................................
1.5 Research Limitation .................................................
1.6 Research Outline .....................................................
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...................
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2.1 Perceived Organizational Support (POS) ..................
2.2 Affective Commitment .............................................
2.3 Turnover Intention ....................................................
2.4 Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and
Affective Commitment .............................................
2.5 Affective Commitment and Turnover Intention.........
2.6 Perceived Organizational Support and Turnover
Intention ...................................................................
2.7 Theoretical Framework .............................................
2.8 Operational Framework ............................................
2.9 Hypothesis ................................................................
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RESEARCH METHOD ................................................
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3.1 Research Design ......................................................
3.2 Research Variables .................................................
3.2.1 Operational Definitions .................................
3.2.2 Variable to be tested .....................................
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CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
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3.2.3 Level of Measurement and Scaling
Techniques ....................................................
3.3 Methods of Data Collection .....................................
3.3.1 Sources of Data .............................................
3.3.2 Sample and Sampling Plan ............................
3.3.3 Research Instrument ......................................
3.4 Methods of Data Analysis ......................................
3.4.1 Descriptive Analysis of Demographic Data of
Toko Emas Harapan ......................................
3.4.2 Descriptive Analysis for Indicators of POS,
Affective Commitment and Turnover
Intention ........................................................
3.4.3 Structural Equation Model.............................
3.4.3.1 Mediated Regression Analysis ...........
CHAPTER IV
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................
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4.1 Brief Description of Toko Emas Harapan ................
4.2 Characteristics of Employee of Toko Emas Harapan
4.2.1 Gender ..........................................................
4.2.2 Age ...............................................................
4.2.3 Education Level ............................................
4.2.4 Income Level ................................................
4.2.5 Year of Employment .....................................
4.3 Descriptive Analysis for Indicators of POS,
Affective Commitment and Turnover Intention .......
4.3.1 Mean Rating on Indicators of POS ................
4.3.2 Mean Rating on Indicators of Affective
Commitment .................................................
4.3.3 Mean Rating on Indicators of Turnover
Intention ........................................................
4.4 Structural Equation Model Analysis .......................
4.4.1 Normality Test ..............................................
4.4.2 Multicolinearity Test .....................................
4.4.3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis .......................
4.4.3.1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis of
Exogenous Variables .........................
4.4.3.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis of
Endogenous Variables .......................
4.4.4 Reliability Testing Results.............................
4.4.5 Structural Model Analysis .............................
4.4.6 Mediated Regression Analysis.......................
4.4.7 Hypothesis Testing Results ...........................
4.4.7.1 The Effect of POS on Affective
Commitment ......................................
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4.4.7.2 The Effect of Affective Commitment
on Turnover Intention ........................
4.4.7.3 The Effect of POS on Turnover
Intention ............................................
4.4.7.4 The Mediation Effect of Affective
Commitment between POS and
Turnover Intention .............................
4.5 Discussion ..............................................................
CHAPTER V
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATION ..............................................
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5.1 Summary.................................................................
5.2 Conclusion ..............................................................
5.3 Recommendation ....................................................
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REFERENCES
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
.....................................................................................................................
Table 1 Operational Variables Definitions ....................................................
Table 2 Criteria of Respondent’s Answer .....................................................
Table 3 Mean Interval Score .........................................................................
Table 4 Indicator Code and Statements .........................................................
Table 5 Mean Rating and Standard Deviation of POS, Affective
Commitment, and Turnover Intention ..............................................
Table 6 Test of Univariate Normality for Continuous Variables ....................
Table 7 Test of Multivariate Normality for Continuous Variables .................
Table 8 Reliability and Variance Extracted ...................................................
Table 9 Structural Model Goodness of Fit Index Value .................................
Table 10 Structural Equation Model..............................................................
Table 11 Structural Relationship Model Testing Results ...............................
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Theoretical Framework ...................................................................
Figure 2 Operational Framework...................................................................
Figure 3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis Exogenous Variable: POS ................
Figure 4 Confirmatory Factor Analysis Endogenous Variables: Affective
Commitment and Turnover Intention ...............................................
Figure 5 Structural Model ............................................................................
Figure 6 Percentage of Male and Female Employees of Toko Emas Harapan
Figure 7 Percentage of Employees of Toko Emas Harapan by Age Category
Figure 8 Percentage of Employees of Toko Emas Harapan by Education
Level Category ................................................................................
Figure 9 Percentage of Employees of Toko Emas Harapan by Income Level.
Category..........................................................................................
Figure 10 Percentage of Employees of Toko Emas Harapan by Year of
Employment Category ..................................................................
Figure 11 Loading Factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Exogenous
Construct ......................................................................................
Figure 12 T-values Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Exogenous Constructs .
Figure 13 Loading Factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Endogenous
Construct ......................................................................................
Figure 14 T-values Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Endogenous
Constructs .....................................................................................
Figure 15 Structural Equation Model: T-values of POS, Affective
Commitment, and Turnover Intention ...........................................
Figure 16 Structural Equation Model: Loading Factor of POS, Affective
Commitment, and Turnover Intention ...........................................
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Questionnaire ...........................................................................
Appendix B: Demographic Data ...................................................................
Appendix C: Text Output SPSS 16 ...............................................................
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A-1
B-1
C-1