1! - mtc-m12:80

INPE-5245-PRE/1676
S-BAND ANTENNA FOR THE MECB
REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE (SSR-1)
Carlos Alberto Iennaco Miranda
Vicente de Paulo Damasceno da Costa Júnior
INPE
SA0 JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS
Julho de 1991
SECRETARIA DA CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS
INPE-5245-PRE/1676
S-BAND ANTENNA FOR THE MECB
REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE (SSR 1)
-
Carlos Alberto Iennaco Miranda
Vicente de Paulo Damasceno da Costa Júnior
Apresentado no 1c1 Simpósio Brasileiro de
Tecnologia Aeroespacial, São José dos Campos,
agosto de 1990
INPE
SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS
Julho de 1991
CDU: 621.391
Key Wbrds: Antennas, Satellite Antennas
S-BAND ANTENNA FOR THE MECB REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE (SSR-1)
Carlos Alberto Iennaco Miranda
Vicente de Paulo Damasceno da Costa Júnior
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE
Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 - C.P. 515
12201 - São José dos Campos - SP
1. INTRODUCTION
The Imaging Instrument Subsystem of the first MECB Remote
Sensing Satellite (SSR1) requires the design of an right
handed circularly polarized antenna for data transmission at
2250 MHz. The antenna shall produce a shaped radiation
pattern that concentrates the radiated energy into a cone
with a full cone angle of 130 degrees corresponding to the
coverage region. The optimum is a shaped-conical radiation
pattern with a maximum gain at the rim of the cone and gain
decreasing to a minimum at the center of the cone to provide
uniform signal strength at the receiver throughout the
satellite pass.
This antenna is to be mounted on the earthward side of the
spacecraft within an area defined by the launcher and
satellite structural specifications (Figure 1).
This work discusses two types of antennas which may be used
to meet coverage requirements (Figure 2). Quadrifilar
helices with a integral number of turns and crossed dipoles
above a reflector plane have been investigated and compared
to each other.
2. QUADRIFILAR HELIX ANTENNA
Quadrifilar helix was developed by Kilgus (1968) and it has
been applied in a variety of spacecraft programs.
A quadrifilar is a four element helical antenna with each of
the four elements terminating in two radial portions (Figure
3). The four top radials connect the helical portions to the
feed region and the bottom radials are shorted together.
Two opposite elements are fed in antiphase producing a
bifilar helix. The bifilars are fed in phase quadrature to
produce a quadrifilar helix.
- 2 -
The helix can be described
(Figure 3):
by the following parameters
Ro - Radius
- Pitch distance for one element measured along the
axis of the helix
N
Number of the turns of one element
Lax - Axial lenght = P*N
The shaped conical radiation patterns necessary to meet the
coverage requirements can be realized by the proper choice
of helical parameters. Calculated radiation patterns with
and without a ground plane are presented for helices with
one to three turns in Figures 4 to 9. These radiation
patterns were calculated utilizing the method of moments
(Julian, A.J. et all, 1982).
Several techniques to feed the bifilars are possible. As
with all coaxially fed balanced antennas, the bifilar
requires a balun. Two known balun designs that can be
applied to each bifilar are the compensated balun (Roberts;
W.K., 1957) and the split sheet (Silver; S., 1949). In both
cases, additional impedances networks are required to match
the balun design to the coax and bifilar impedance. The 90
degrees phase relationship between bifilars needed to
produce the quadrifilar can be achieved utilizing a
quadrature hybrid.
3. CROSSED-DIPOLES ANTENNA
The crossed-dipoles antenna consists of two orthogonal
dipoles mounted approximately half wavelenght above a
reflector plane and fed equal power, 90 degrees out of phase
(Figure 10). Feeding is accomplished by a split sheat
coaxial balun (Silver; S., 1949) and self phasing the
dipoles where the desired 90 degrees phase difference is
obtained by designing the orthogonal dipoles such that one
is large relative to the desired resonant frequency lenght,
and therefore inductive, while the other is smaller, and
therefore capacitive.
The radiation patterns for the crossed-dipoles have been
computed by numerical integration utilizing method of
moments (Rydahl; Ole, 1975) where the variables and
parameters used are defined in Figure 10. Figure 11 shows
the theoretical pattern for the RHCP and LHCP polarizations.
A breadboard model for this antenna was constructed and the
radiation pattern for the RHCP polarization is shown in
Figure 12 and compared to the theoretical result. Figures
13, 14 and 15 show the radiation patterns for a linearly
polarized rotating source and Figure 16, the return loss
over the operation frequency band.
-3
-
4. CONCLUSIONS
Computer simulations have shown that, although gain and
coverage requirements have been met by two and three turns
quadrifilar helices, due their height, these antennas would
require deployment mechanisms to be mounted on the satellite
structure. A quadrifilar helix with one turn complies with
gain requirements and its height meets the satellite
configuration but it has a poor axial ratio in some regions
when compared with two and three turns helices.
The crossed-dipoles antenna, with dipole wings tilted 150
degrees away from antenna axis was chosen because it
provides the required beam shaping with gain values that
meet the desired gain pattern curve. It represents a simple,
reliable and low-cost approach although its axial ratio
figure is worse than that of a quadrifilar helix.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are grateful to the manufacture department
personnel for the mechanical design and breadboard
manufacturing.
REFERENCES
Julian, A.J.; Logan, J.C.; Rockway, J.W. Mininec: A Mini
Numerical Electromagnetics Code, Technical Document,
Naval Center Systems Ocean. San Diego, September 6, 1982.
Kilgus, C.C. Multielement Fractional Turn Helices. IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 16(4):499-501,
1968.
Kilgus, C.C. Resonant Quadrifilar Helices. IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 17(3):349-351,
1969.
Kilgus, C.C. Resonant Quadrifilar Helices Design.
Microwave Journal, 13(12):49-54, 1970.
Kilgus, C.C. Shaped Conical Radiation Pattern Performance
of the Backfire Quadrifilar Helix. IEEE Transactions on
Antennas and Propagation, 23(3):392-397, 1975.
Roberts, W.K. A New Wide-Band Balun. Proceedings of IRE,
45(5):1628-1631, 1957.
Rydahl, O. A Numerical Technique to Predict Scattering From
Bodies of Revolution. Lingby, Electromagnetics Institute
Technical University Denmark, Dec. 1975.
Silver, S. Microwave Antenna Theory and Design. New York,
McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., 1949, pp. 246-247.
-4.-
/ ./. / l. . ___. . . ___::":".
\.\
.1/
\\
\\
I
OO
11
N
c;
\ \.
, j/
VI
1 000
44-
HO ''''
*
'
,•
ii "A-1
• —,_,(
A
1!
.
t2
Aliei •
_ —
.._
:
---
I
•-
jegpi
e
e/7 Er
/
--:
oei
to
.
co co
cv .
-—
Y
["-:-.. 1
.
I
j
\
4 i
0.240
\
:/
0.690
5 11.
L ti__
,
\
o.,
09 ,
SEPARA'TION
PLANE
VIEW "A"
!
I
.
L_w_j
\\.
.
!
-- -- -- - Ic2 i .
I
r" \'
•
I —I Y n
! .\ \
1'
Loil______14 \
\
k
.
,
7
LX
.
..
MECB-SSR1 SATELLITE
IAE -VLS INTERFACE
I
5-MAY- 90
_ .._
ESC:1/15
Fig. 1 - Volume limitation.
2,5
-1,5
•
tu
zU
OV
lV
OV
1 ,./V
Fig. 2 - Coverage requirements.
I
LM
I .7,1
- 5
EMENTS
ORTED
MI., WD
Helical parameters.
Fig.
C)
c..?
33,.
r.--
315°0:
340°
20*de
33 0"
30"
In
.
C\1
313.
•
4WWININom
40:
40, 3 20
‘tp
it
O'
31(''
73Y0°
.
fr
N.300"
111 ,-,
--..,
.
290'
,•
.
,,-.-2.5••••
,
,
411*.
I
2 80"
■
\ ,
I'
'---'
270°
9 0"
r
77-1-,
i i ko 1
1
,
. •
1
.------ .._____.,—
35
,---,- 3,5:',,,r—t--'30 I
25 i • 1 1 3
i254.—H, 1 ' ,
;
.
'
,
; ,,,'
I,
'---- --.--:. :7:,-4-.' I... i i
■ t‘ t -4-4-,,i--1
....-,
I N s , .,,,,,,--- '..!•.'"-"t7.'. ‘ r 1 / i? I i^
,_ \L
r"-.-k.
,..>.-- ', ,..,-''
---.....,
40° ' .
i
ll 315 \''
15 !
,
MO
too
,
-4-.~4k, f ;
2
', \
. .„2,...,, ,
3I0.
'
1110000110,
,. • .4
,. .
,
,
•
no '
no'
"••••-•
.
‘`
._
231?;0°
,•
1
I
1
mo '
26o'
4
i.
,i o°
O
240°
O'
# 41111111P
220°140°
I
2I
21 *
21°1'50°
lit
'20°
rig:
(-13
1
4114'
'
240"
120°
i
1
,.,
,
,
•
,
'
--.4
.1, ,
,.:25'-'.
go*
I 210°
' 1
•jt10
'
CHART NO. 220
SCIENTIFIC-ATLANTA, INC.
J80 '
2:
1GO°
zoo°
PATTERN NO.
DATE:
PROJECT
ENGRS.
REMARKS
AILAN I A, GEORGIA
Fig. 4 - Quadrifilar antenna radiation pattern.
N = 1;
Ro = 0.0125 m;
RHCP
Lax = 0.10 m;
---- LHCP
P = 0.10 m.
-6I.
o
re
Ir
. 4, ..: ...s ::::., . ,
10.
35ce
___
--3---1-... fnaI_154.
11
2.,,
-- - t.-
Y.... ,
-
-
10
1-
- ---_ _- • _-• ...
,..
- ------:-. ----\----- . --1-------- _-__--2F2fr,
- - ------ - ---,-- 12•:
--
PATTERN NO
iãr
1-Z
-
-
--1-----
4k,
e
0.
DATE.
PROJECT
ENGRS.
CHART NO. 220
INC.
SCIENTiFIC -ATLANTA. INC
Amor... GtoNc.
REMARKS
Fig. 5 - Quadrifilar antenna radiation pattern.
Antenna above an infinite ground plane.
h= 0.04 m, Ro = 0.0125m, Lax= 0.10 m, P = 0.10 m, N= 1.
RHCP
---- LHCP
0.i
...
..
se - ..--.
-:...,.-..,_
'*-
Ar.
C■2
arW
ÃRlitir''
.
,. , ', " "S'',
,,,,
' ' . '7'.,'', , , ., 're
,_.
4.
- #44'
. . .„ ,. 40, 44"',' ' vis,.
,-.:4. 011,, 40À ...;, 1111
- ite
lia- , ,. ' 9
',.,\:-. . 40Irtel
,~Ái".
01 11"■
.1,' 10011~
i ''
,
-.• • -;"---, Elasa . :. •-=- ,
,..'
..---,.-.,
„ :-.
.
-.
-....-- ...--,..., -.
- ,-. --;•,-- • -=-...r„.....„;.
.
.
..- •
• , .
le ".
,.; amillearAmi
..." 4/~-414"441/8255
•'`;. ' Çifk&~ . '''' .:
.._
.
.
-
• .
, ."'"
.
t
e...
c=
r--
_
41
,1
2W ....:- ,,ç.'4ndkr
- ----- -* .; "":-..
zzolo.
..
Iie
e
ai -::-. - --. -:. - ._ -,-- '-'. V , _ :„. ' • .., " •-'' - 22.•.3. ,
•-. .12.o..
, - 2.,tso•
:*, T--:-_-_--- -T-1,_"----..„--
me
or
lar
CHART NO 220
1 '
WIEN riFIC -ATLANTA,. INC.
ATUAI,. GtORGIA
_i _
V&
.....
PATTERN NO.
DATE:
PROJECT
ENGRS.
....._
REMAR KS
Fig. 6 - Quadrifilar antenna radiation pattern.
N = 2, Ro = 0.015 m, P = 0.07 m, Lax = 0.14 m.
RHCP
---- LHCP
- 7
to'
- 1-
,-
--,—,,,
...
18O
IX!
CHART NO. 220
SCIENTinC.ATLANT A. INC.
artmi, GEO..
.
C)
-
PATTERN
PROJECT
ENGRS.
:9,..
NO.
DATE:
' RÉMARKS
1
Fig. 7 - Quadrifilar antenna radiation pattern.
Antenna above an infinite ground plane.
h= 0.4 m, N = 2, Ro = 0.0125 m, Lax = 0.14 m,' P = 0.07m.
.RHCP ---- LHCP
.
I
35er
fle
Ar.
en
ir
Me .10111""
__/0
nr, - Z
, eg ' Mail -=',---: :.:. ,.._ .
I,.
eN.)
Cr,
04
3e:
ar
zyr
..
•Iima iolik.,..i-
./,
,...
.-
iff ` \ 44/#7,
.,.._,._
. .. _
. c.:
_iço,
Ao.
-•
_
,
..,•'.
,
• ,
- . '. •
• : ,-,,,•
■ 1.'
', '
■
, *É,il e .
. ' , .'::,' '. A
. weil _ _ _ -- __:_±..:
___.~ i - .- 180"
In'
).,
•
0)
I
.
CHART NO. 220
SCIEN7 ,Fte A 7" Lffly TA. INC
01 ,1,M1, Ge
,A
,
S../..-/ -,,,,
• ,
i , -
4
_
__Ip. ,,,..
,
,.
___....
PATTERN NO
IX
DATE:
PROJECT
ENGES.
REMARKS
•
.
Fig. 8 - Quadrifilar antenna radiation pattern.
N = 3, Ro = 0.0125 m, Lax = 0.2298 m, P = 0.0767 m.
RHCP
--- LHCP
- 8
I
0°
....
10.
9n.
".
i
‘
\'‘ ',
À I\,\
, • . •
j ;! , i ; ,
.
t
...
3. .
N.
70.
• :: i, .
34e.
I:" •
'
ark Air . 32:
O' II"P
'
111:111.
"k11"
4410pw."- - IIV, , fi litgje
III ',''is..
ler $raw
'11"".4"11111114, 1411
';i1;1,
, n.
#A490;e
3
ri ' ,/::1 4%.310111 .am.
11/4t£(1. :. %,..
, ,/ ‘ ,;,/41#44"11.\\21d.iiir
.,.,. 1lb
70. , //I 7-7,
,''
rio.
4 * g i / h._1#4*4141, £1, \lillik*• 11■ ,illit‘
,, s
:-N '
, hlte&l''''> :WW;Liâ.',-Ã..*'%:'
!*
,
pie '7 1111 f Liwg,,Fly,' I ----..4°,01,T
if
1''''
i
7
'30t -r-.135
, .4135, ". 3
I 2
2. II
15
'11 Ril:„ 1 :migue
1111,r i ''..\\Iiiii gume
s
- tomwoh so.wit,i,i,\11‘.,
N744,4414
1144,,,:,,ar ,,.:,,I',,,. ,. ,
.iie#wnr-40rw
,.,: . ,...*#kiiii:i.','
' ' .;'
\ ' \\
■
%# »4141 !iiii:,
l' '
r
,`, • , %: ':,': , ' ',
" dr:' , '' ‘ •I'j7:‘: ' ::; ífqpj
4,'''','
i lliPl\ W ''. ' , \'• "\\
7 IV\ '.;,', ',*■\' '''.'.' " ziO •
:
180*
ir):
el),
CHANT NO. 220
SCIENTIFIC ATtANTA, INC.
ARAMÁ 41.0lA
,
I.'
jár
PATTERN NO. ,,DATE:
PROJECT
ENGRS.
REMARKS
Fig. 9 - Quadrifilar antenna radiation pattern.
Antenna above an infinite ground plane.
h= 0.05 m, N= 3, Ro = 0.0125m, Lax= 0.2298 m, P= 0.2298 m.
RHCP ---- LHCP
Z
_
Fig. 10 - Crossed dipoles antenna.
_Y
_ 9 _
- Z,
i
C 2.r. $C 4
,,C
C
TE TA
i 1C
C(..,
)0
F,'C,
7C,
",C
DF- C; .
2r;
i
i se
; le•,e
3c
i ,e
PH' :-
Fig. 11 - Crossed dipoles theoretical radiation pattern.
.:.)
_
I
t...
' ' ' ' ' alligligti, /Ni ir
:.... ,,‘,,,
\\11 . iliki#41§8", ' •
,
,
.)°' 4,:/,
:gr
..
,,,,,,:,.
.
(hle lpip
...
.
.
• **" ." .
,,...,,
,.. :
...,\..,,,,,,
,
II
':". ,.:.
st
Afr
I
,, . '.
,.
.,
,,..
, .,..
',. , 1 ,
8# 1 1 f/ '140 . , i 5' .,t, ' . '5 ,à..1.4.
r
ilitte4
/18405#1
II '11Plii ettli 1/01~ \ i '' tittl * . " . 1. . 1
II/10/1
efirdW
.. - - e 2,. • .., 4,1
,.
'no ellit,
it ri 41%,', , oPlael-71, '',‘ :X'?ii..„—iilur •
, 'I1IiIiilittil
'"ill
ilU
r..101 ,,,,'. "‘ ':',,--.' ".'-' '
05,V■ s:'
Ár
j///''
. s,s'S'
'1%.
•
á°44,4*
.
''.``
4V::
,-. INw
'". ;II 11,, ,\ -
,-,:../.,...;
4
I ri:
AllM11/5. Ut0115,A
'.
•
,
•
, 111
L•
CNART NO- 220
SCIENPFIC.AtLANTA. INC
'
-- ,11".
'-
. . , nit,,,:,. .,,, ii,lwri
- .4 w‘,, .-. . .
•-,..
()
. ,
...„„
:
•;'il;iiiiillã liVa
.
,..di,',,,VV'
.P
'''' l '',': ; fl ; ' I ' 0 W■: , sV ,
,
\'11
i !'1.I
: . ,
'''ffitt"
\;■•,„
C■i
In
Cl
..; ,
, ..,. \,t .: 4P
4tr ' ''' '
'.,>''.
., ,,, ,41,1
,
w... , >..
'
1 :
180°
'
•
mo,
'mon im
GI N
PAI
uArc:
t tIGPS,
IIEMAIOCi
Fig. 12 - Crossed dipoles theoretical and measured
radiation patterns for RHCP polarization.
-,--•—•-- Measured
Theoretical
(2.)
re
ue
wr
licr
'
150.
.4(Ns
`‘‘
•:" \
'''.''''
,
' .. ,"■
CO' - - :.'..- Z'
ar,
..,
—O
.
, ,
X' .
'
.., .
",'''..
'
•
.
,
..
h■,
4 h ■., 41 ' ii,i tr
•
......._.....,..
--z-ZW--'
- ---"'"w
—_ : - .---,
-- ,..-r- .,-- •
--:-.,-
------'--- - -4.-,
--•,---, _.4.-__ —
_10,-,..,,
------,-
-
- j,•
- --
10tr
2'.: :::::
.:
,,'"
11!:17
,.
41:::::.-
S.-.
11..
"
-
,
, ,,-. . ` , , . \,;,<:. •,1',.
-•.
4illr
`,," .. °. -4", , • .i
'-,:;.‘
'-
,,, ,: ,,,,\* ,,,,,. ,..,. e.
,
..
re— * . .
13 c '
' : .,:;:.\.'?...<
2
---
—
_-4
-- --i-2,
----
_
_. i.
-- --_, '"
"
- -• : :
- '.
.___.i'5 ___•_
•:_
2160'
,,
--- .---:
'
..
,
ti;
1
t..
•,...•
18G'
1 REMARKS i s
.2.2 50
Pitid
#
.1" ..1. APa_
— --
ig.
DATE
PATURN NO.
1 ENGRS
AMICA. tiet.J.,1A
F
,
PROJECT
SCiENTiFiC-ATLANTA, INC.
-
•.
-
cHART N. 2....,„
E
',
..., r __. ',„1":, . :,,,:*// z29.
--____ _____0 :::1:.---,.
M:
.
',-.7
. . ,.. .<--- ,,,..
. ...- ' 110...;...
',
13 - Crossed dipoles radiation pattern,
Rotating Source.
r
00
...-
sj.,
C,)
kl%
Uf
.ireeffl IM 2plit -..-.,...., iro, &NI
r.
32o• 10\ 110r1
e' '''''
Ge
tez
ir
00.01.4imeariez
...,N
atr
7, 4 w ..i-.''-N.•,\-
4-` INO/Ilifiatili
1300.
no' "'—
_
-,
•
- -t..- ;-*"..'--,.`--:,
- .:-.:..-----••.- _•
■
,--
.
•
- , . _...0100..
‘ ...a
,.;
:. ' - •-'''''.
. #5
.
- - -"
.I;
..,,
-,
0..
--.P
•-.I'IB
....
a0aismi
iii 1
_ .iiV"
- .r,
H
. . 10
, 111 1,41.1'
11.
40
_._,.,I
p.-- gera
•,.‘"..-,: ,
■
''--____,
• ' , ''''''''''`'
GW___.._,,...:_
..
,..„.... _..........
_.._ ...,
•---.:-:-,.--;-. '7-4-,..-.
CO.
. .,..,
,.,...,,,,,
,„
......
--......
.„...„.....
............
........,............-
- ',,
WO
ala ial.
. ,,,
'
elor ,,: k '' ///
"ir
'C.',
_Ali,
'
1:
_-:
- .. ,
-''. '''''
1
i‘
.,....,
I
.-
a,
Mr.
.
..,t.----,
' -,...', 4-.---.. .1 a•
44i
p: ,,,:._. .•
. , , ;., , ..
-
.
. . f.
.'2.-
'
-fs,,5,,, z::,,--• .,-.
'
.
",,\ . s,
s .s.',.''
VC4Ø , ,
_
' s'`
15
,.
ata
____ _-1
4t*
ee
_
-- --
,
:
___
1833
.•
'„." ,,
:.,,,,
......,,
,
DATE:
PATTERN NO.
...
PROJECT
,
CNART NO. 220 ,
SCIENTIFIC.ATLAATA. INC.
______ ___ _ _•_____
,
'''',:/•
-'-','.'
ENGRS
REMARKS ..
_______
__
-,
d.;
2-q0 ,./,
"a
4/i-9
*
Fig. 14 - Crossed dipoles radiation pattern,
Rotating Source.
Ce
.
180*
cmArn
NO 220
SCW N1 tile -ATL AN1A,
ime
PM TERN NO*
.
PROJECT
ENGFIS.
S.
rse
REMARKS-l. 2ZSOMJ9
Al !MIA. titene.
Or. fa°
Fig.
REF-1
15 - Crossed dipoles radiation pattern,
Rotating Source.
C: 1-11: A/R - 18. 13 dB
5. OdB/ REF
. 00 ciB
1
SIRI
CRSR -'2.250=-4 z STOP +2.4478GHz
±2.0522GHz
Fig. 16
-
Crossed dipoles return loss.