Nano Products – What`s the big deal?

Transcription

Challenge Biomedical Science –
Nanotechnology
Nano Products – What’s the big
deal?
Nanotechnology is already being used in a number of products.You are now going to
look at some of these products and figure out what the technology behind these
products entails.
Split your team up into pairs. Each pair will look at two different products. This means
that some products will be visited by two pairs. For each of the products you’ll have to answers a few questions.You’ll find these
questions on the sheets provided. Each pair should take one sheet (with two product
names on it) and write down their answers as they go along.You should use the
information sheets on the display boards to help you with this.
Once you have all finished the questions, each pair should talk to the rest of the team
about the products they looked at, explaining the nanotechnology involved in the
products and any concerns they have about the product.
Challenge Biomedical
Science – Nanotechnology
Wilson PX3 Golf
Balls
Elastoplast
SilverHealing
- What do they do?
- What nano-technology is used?
- Can you think of any safety or
ethical concerns with this
technology?
technology?
- Can you think of any other ways
this technology could be used?
Lands’ End Carefree
Chinos
L’Oréal Revitalift
Eyes
- What does it do?
technology?
technology?
Lands’ End Carefree
Chinos
Babolat NS Drive
Racket
technology?
technology?
Elastoplast
SilverHealing
Babolat NS Drive
Racket
technology?
technology?
Nanotechnology
L’Oréal Revitalift
Eyes
L’Oréal REVITALIFT EYES
As the skin ages, the skin’s support tissues weaken, wrinkles deepen and the skin loses firmness.
L'Oréal Paris REVITALIFT* has been developed to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and make the
skin feel firmer.
For over 10 years, REVITALIFT has been continuously improved, benefiting from the latest reserach
from the L'Oréal laboratories. Today, it remains our best selling anti-wrinkle cream. All products in
the REVITALIFT range are enriched with Pro-Retinol A ™, which is encapsulated in Nanosomes™
to penetrate at the heart of wrinkles.
*Revitalift has been developed to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and make the skin feel firmer; it
has not been proven to lift the skin.
Nanotechnology
Nanosom
es
Why use Nanosomes?
Many cosmetic products create an oil layer that can clog skin pores and block the free movement of
materials such as air, water, and vitamins in the skin. Nanosomes are extra-tiny droplets that are
separated from each other and allow air or water-soluble materials to move among them. The tinier the
droplets, the less likely they are to clog pores, the more materials can flow through, and the faster and
deeper the formula can be absorbed.
What are they?
To understand what nanosomes are, we must first look at cell membranes.
The cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out.
Cell membranes are made up of phospolipids (see Figure 1). In the cell
membrane these phospolipids are organised into a double layer (See
figure 2).
Figure 1: General Structure of a Phospholipid
The structure of Liposomes is very similar to the
structure of the cell membrane, where the bi-layer
(double layer) of phospolipids
forms into a ball.
Figure 2: General Structure of a Phospholipid Bilayer
Nanosomes are very small liposomes. They are
created by down-sizing liposomes with ultrasonic
energy, until they are less than 100 nm in diameter.
What do they do?
Nanosomes can deliver beneficial nutrients to the skin, including the cells' own building blocks, the
phospholipids, but they can also remove oily discards. The chemical composition of cells changes as they
age. This is important, because as cell membranes age, the amount of one phospholipid,
phosphatidylcholine (PC), decreases and the amount of another phospholipid, sphingomyelin (SM),
increases. Nanosomes that are composed almost entirely of PC can add needed PC to the aging cell
membranes and remove excessive SM. The skin is difficult to penetrate. Liposomes are often too large to
be absorbed into the skin. But Nanosomes can reach deep into the skin and be beneficial to skin cells.
Nanosomes are not intended to cure diseases in unhealthy cells, but they can boost the well-being of
healthy cells by creating a friendly and beneficial environment for them.
Nanosomes can encapsulate and transport watersoluble in their polar cavity and oil-soluble ingredients
in their hydrophobic cavity. They are a little bit like a
ball within a ball.
A three-dimensional representation of a Nanosome
Nanotechnology
The Sunday Times
July 17, 2005
Safety fears over 'nano' anti-ageing cosmetics
LOIS ROGERS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS EDITOR
THE cosmetics giant L’Oréal is marketing a range of skin treatments containing tiny “nano” particles, despite
concerns about their possible long-term effects on the human body.
The products, which include anti-wrinkle creams such as Revitalift, are said to be absorbed deeper into the skin than
more traditional treatments because of the far smaller size of their particles.
However, the cosmetic use of nanotechnology, originally employed in man-made fibres and pharmaceuticals, has
led to calls from both the Royal Society and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in America for a
comprehensive programme of research.
They aim to discover what effect the minute particles may have if they enter cells in the human body or leach into the
bloodstream. The FDA will also assess whether a trialling and licensing system should be introduced for cosmetics
similar to that used for pharmaceuticals. “Very little is known about the interaction of nano-scale particles and the
skin,” said the FDA. “We need urgent research to assess the safety and we are hoping to get some answers soon.”
The Royal Society, Britain’s most prestigious scientific body, said: “We don’t know whether these particles are taken
down through the skin and what the long-term effects might be in the bloodstream.”
Nanotechnology — which has been derided by the Prince of Wales as “grey goo” — has provoked similar fears to
those sparked by genetic modification, although no harmful effects have been proved. The cosmetics market is
growing at about 10% a year and companies believe that nanotechnology will help to create a new generation of
products. Within the next few years they hope that it may provide methods to prevent the greying of hair and even
baldness. L’Oréal, the world’s largest cosmetics company, is devoting much of its £350m research budget to
nanotechnology, which it believes offers great potential for slowing the effect of age on the skin.
Revitalift, described by L’Oréal as containing “nanosomes of Pro-Retinol A”, claims to offer an “immediate lifting
effect”. Conventional skincare products form a barrier to prevent moisture loss. The miniaturised particles, by
contrast, and intended to work their way through the skin’s outer layers and boost production of new cells so the skin
remains soft, plump and free of wrinkles, even in middle age.
Nano particles also broaden the range of chemicals that can be used in cosmetics. They are used to coat the
surfaces of microscopic packages of vitamins, growth promoters and other substances that, if used in their raw form,
would cause irritation. When modified, they can be taken into the underlying layers of the skin. Wendy Lewis, a
skincare consultant and author of the book Beauty Secrets, said the use of nano particles was “hot technology that
has lots of intriguing applications”. She added: “We are seeing a generation of baby boomers who don’t want to grow
old or look old and, if things work, they are prepared to spend the money to pay for them.”
According to Lewis, Botox, the injectable anti-wrinkle agent, had increased the pressure on cosmetics companies
to produce a skin cream with a similar effect. “Botox has proved women will pay a lot for something that works and
the race is on to find a more convenient way of getting the same effect from a cream,” she said.
L’Oréal declined to say how many of its 3,000 researchers worldwide are working on nano particles, nor would it
discuss where the technology may lead. But the company has patented the use of dozens of different “nanosome”
particles 800 times smaller than a human hair as delivery systems for nutrients. “We think this is an important
development and we want to stay at the leading edge of offering our customers better and better products,” said a
spokesman. As well as Revitalift Double Lifting, which delivers vitamin C into skin, it has launched new forms of
Vichy Reti C and Biotherm Age Fitness Nuit, both facial moisturisers.
Other cosmetics houses are moving ahead with their own versions of the technology. Dior has invented the
“liposome” to perform the same function as L’Oréal’s nanosomes; an Australian company has just launched ZO1,
which uses miniaturised zinc oxide particles as sunscreen. Estée Lauder and Johnson & Johnson are also
developing products based on nanotechnology.
The Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association said this weekend that nano particles were not yet widely used in
cosmetics, but all products were thoroughly tested before their launch: “With millions of consumers using cosmetic
products as part of their daily routines, it is essential for our industry to ensure products are thoroughly assessed
for safety.”
Nanotechnology
Golf Balls
The game of golf is being transformed through the use of
technology. Many different materials are being used and in this
product nanotechnology shows how it can be beneficial to the game.
What it does –
Nanotechnology is used in the golf ball to make it stronger, lighter, livelier and more
durable. This in turn will help the golf ball after being hit, so that it keeps its true shape,
hence producing a straighter line for the golf ball to follow.
The Science –
The manufacturer infuses extra atoms into the rubber core of the golf ball. There may also be a nano coating
on golf balls, which will make them soar through the air faster and feel firmer when hit. This is thanks to a
higher-density layer on the outside of the ball.
PhD AERODYNAMICS
312 flat-bottomed, shallow dimples (Pan Head) rip
through the air to create a more stable, high
trajectory flight.
Cross Section of the
Wilson PX3 golf ball
NANO TECH™ CORE
Nano particles infused into the rubber
chemistry produce an extremely lively
but soft inner core.
HPF™ MANTLE
Performance mantle layer fuels
maximum acceleration off the club
face and generates higher spin rates.
The Future –
Balls that can correct their own flight. A company called Nanodynamics have created a golf ball with a hollow
metal core which pushes the weight to the outside of the ball. This technology helps the ball to reduce spin,
which means that the ball won’t go any further, but it will go straighter. It may be time for the
average golfer to say goodbye to the hook or slice shot. It will also improve how the ball
handles on the green and help with greens which are tricky to read.
Nanotechnology
Golf Balls
Any problems?
Is using this sort of product not cheating? The golf association has given the
golf balls, along with other equipment the go ahead to be used in
tournaments. They do worry about using new technologies ruining the game,
but see that it still comes down to how good the golfer actually is. With this
new technology being used there is an impact on the price of the product. No
matter how good you are you will still loose the odd ball here or there. So is
it worth the price? With a golf ball having to take quite a lot of wear and tare
will this new technology be able to stand up to the pressure?
How about the environment?
Considering that golf balls are notorious for getting lost in the woods
or in ponds (for years!) AND that golfers tend to not use the same
ball after more than 1-2 rounds (i.e., they all have short life-spans and
then get thrown away), there's a real question on what will happen to
these nano golf balls in the open environment:
Because the nanomaterial they use is supposed to be so durable, how
degradable are they? (Maybe this is a criticsm of all golf balls...) If a
nano golf ball is taken apart or chopped up (by, say, a fairway mower),
how persistent will that material be - and is there a health risk if
someone were to come into contact/breathe it in?
Response: I don't think that they would be any more dangerous than
a regular golf ball. The "nano" part would probably be carbon
nanofibers and though an irritant and possible carcinogen when
they're in fiber form, they're not harmful when integrated with
polymers and other substances.
Nanotechnology
Lands’ End Wrinkle-beating, stain-cheating
Carefree Chinos







‘Nano’ technology stain and wrinkle resistance
Durable twill fabric
Garment washed for enhanced softness
Traditional fit for ease of movement
Free custom hemming
100% cotton
Machine wash
What is it?
Wrinkle-beating, stain-cheating Carefree Chinos take everyday wear and tear in their stride.
‘Nano’ technology builds stain and wrinkle resistance into the very fibres of our tough twill
fabric. So spills roll right off while wrinkle resistance means ironing is optional - you can wear
them straight out of the drier. Cut to our Traditional fit you’ll enjoy ease of movement as well
as easy care. The plied, combed cotton yarn is built to hold fast and garment washing
enhances the soft ‘hand’. Finished with reinforced pockets and seven belt loops.
The Science
If you buy a pair of Lee Performance Khakis, for example, you're buying pants treated with a
chemical from Nano-Tex that's virtually stainproof. The fabric is soaked in a solution that
contains loads of tiny particles, then heated to bond them to the fibres.
The particles wrap themselves around the individual fibres of the khakis, with microscopic
"whiskers" sticking out. These cause a barrier of air to form around the material, which
prevents liquid from getting through. Because the whiskers are so small, they don't affect the
feel of the fabric. The result is clothing that looks and feels like cotton (or a cotton-polyester
blend), but is virtually stain-, sweat-, and wrinkle-proof.
Safety
Fears of nanotechnology date back at least to 1986, with the publication of Eric Drexler's
cautionary classic, Engines of Creation, and its talk of a potential "grey goo" catastrophe
brought on by millions of uncontrolled, destructive microscopic machines that chew through
the environment. That apocalyptic vision is a world away from nanopants. However, little
research as yet been conducted into the effects of nanotech materials on humans.
Nanotechnology
Nano Trousers
Nanotechnology
Elastoplast Silverhealing
Questions and Answers about Elastoplast SilverHealing™
HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE ANTISEPTIC ACTION OF SILVER?
Silver as used in Elastoplast® plasters is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. These plasters contain silver ions in
the wound pad.
HOW ARE SILVER IONS RELEASED IN THE ELASTOPLAST® PLASTERS?
On coming into contact with moisture (such as wound exudate and blood), silver ions are slowly but continuously
released from the wound pad, and migrate into the wound.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Silver ions are highly active and rapidly penetrate bacterial membranes. They interact with enzymes and other protein
in bacteria, destroying the cell structure and preventing reproduction across a broad spectrum of bacteria.
DOES SILVER KILL GOOD BACTERIA AS WELL?
Yes, silver as a broad spectrum antiseptic agent kills nearly all bacteria. This however, has neither a negative effect on
the wound-healing process, nor has it a negative effect on the general health situation of a person.
Nanotechnology
Questions and Answers continued.
IS SILVER USED IN HOSPITALS?
Yes. In the hospital environment there are numerous examples of silver dressings being used for wound management.
These products are mainly used for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns.
IS SILVERHEALING SUITABLE TO USE ON BURNS?
For everyday burns around the home Elastoplast® and dressings can be used. However, if the burn is severe or you
are not sure, you should see your doctor.
IS ELASTOPLAST® TOXIC?
Due to the extremely low silver concentrations, the Elastoplast® range is non-toxic and silver ions are not absorbed
by the body or bloodstream. Silver ions from Elastoplast® have no systemic effects upon the body.
WHY DO WE SAY NOT TO USE CREAMS OR OINTMENTS IN CONJUNCTION WITH ELASTOPLAST®
PLASTERS?
Creams and ointments create a layer between the wound pad and the wound. This layer acts like a barrier that
prevents the silver ions from migrating into the wound. This reduces the action of the silver wound pad to the function
of a standard plaster as the antiseptic process cannot take place.
WHY IS IT BETTER TO USE A SILVER WOUND CARE PRODUCT INSTEAD OF A WOUND ANTISEPTIC AND AN
ORDINARY PLASTER?
Using an antiseptic has a one-off antiseptic effect on the wound. Any bacteria that have not been killed in the initial
process can however continue to grow. The silver wound care-technology has a long lasting antiseptic effect that will
prevent this growth of bacteria to help the wound heal optimally.
WHAT IS SILVER ALLERGY?
Silver allergy or argyria is a condition upon which silver is deposited in the skin, manifested as slate-grey
pigmentation. It is usually as a result of industrial exposure or following ingestion of silver salts. It is an extremely
rare condition. Only a few recorded cases exists which were from people who were constantly exposed to silver - for
example, from silversmiths or workers in silver mines or early photo laboratories.
CAN ELASTOPLAST® CAUSE SILVER ALLERGY?
A study on 200 representative human volunteers were subject to a well known internationally recognised sensitivity
test, known as the Human Repeat Insult Patch Test. This test showed that Elastoplast® plasters did not show any
evidence of irritation or allergic contact sensitisation. Most people who believe they have a "silver allergy" are actually
reacting to nickel, which is often contained in silver jewellery.
HAVE THERE BEEN ANY ADVERSE REACTION REPORTS ON ELASTOPLAST®?
No adverse reactions directly attributable to Elastoplast® have been reported to date.
Nanotechnology
Elastoplast SILVER HEALING ™
Minor accidents such as cuts, grazes and everyday knocks are part of an active life. Normally bandages are
used to protect wounds from dirt and infection, and to absorb blood or exudate. But most ordinary wounds
are contaminated with bacteria even before applying a bandage, leading to possible complications during
the natural healing process through wound infection.
So, it is especially important that the wound is allowed to heal without any disturbances from the initial
wound formation. That is what Elastoplast® SILVERHEALING™ does.
SILVERHEALING™ = Optimal Healing
By reducing the risk of infection from the beginning, Elastoplast® SILVERHEALING™ optimises the natural
wound healing process. Silver is a natural antimicrobial ingredient that has been used for years by
professionals in the field of wound healing, mainly because of its scientifically proven antimicrobial effect.
Elastoplast® has now made the benefits of silver available for daily use at home.
The antiseptic application of silver, a non-toxic, effective antimicrobial agent, is useful for the treatment of
wounds – especially when the risk of infection exists or is suspected. The active ingredient prevents the
growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. At the same time, silver is a very skin-friendly and
highly compatible agent to which – unlike many antibiotics – bacteria rarely build up resistance.
To provide optimal healing support Elastoplast® has developed a wide range of bandages, for dry and
moist wound healing, that release antimicrobial silver.
PROVEN EFFICACY – CONTINUOUS RELEASE
The innovative wound pad (patent pending) of new Elastoplast® SILVERHEALING™ bandages is either
coated with a net of metallic silver (for dry wound healing) or contains silver particles within a
polyurethane gel wound pad (moist wound healing). In both cases, the constantly released silver ions
rapidly penetrate bacterial membranes and interact with enzymes and other proteins in bacteria,
destroying the germ's cell structure. The colonisation of bacteria and consequently the risk of infection are
reduced.
Nanotechnology
Tennis Racket
Nanotechnology is changing the face of sport. We have focused in on how it is
affecting the tennis world through the Babolat NS Drive tennis racket.
What it does –
The manufacturers have used carbon nanotubes to strengthen key areas of the racket. The carbon
nanotubes make the racket 100 times more rigid and 6 times lighter than steel, 10 times stiffer than
conventional graphite, which makes carbon nanotubes the perfect material. When all these factors are
put together it results in a tennis racket which provides more power to the racket through its rigidity
and a greater playing experience.
What does the future hold for nanotubes?What we have seen the nanotubes do for the tennis racket is just scratching the surface of the possibilities for the
nanotube.. Here we can see some possible future applications of the carbon nanotube..
Clothes: waterproof and tear-resistant
Concrete: In concrete, they increase the tensile strength
Buckypaper: a thin sheet made from nanotubes that is 250 times stronger than steel and 10 times lighter that
could be used as a heat sink for chipboards, a backlight for LCD screens
Water filter: Recently nanotube membranes have been developed for use in filtration
Light bulb filament: alternative to tungsten filaments
Nanotechnology
Carbon nanotubes are
molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties. They
Carbon Nanotubes
What are they? –
Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties. They are among the stiffest
and strongest fibres known, and have remarkable electronic properties and many other unique characteristics. Singlewalled nanotubes average 1-2 nm in diameter. They are often described as looking like rolls of graphite chicken wire, but
Carbon nanotubes are essentially buckyballs expanded from the centre into cylinders.
What would a carbon nanotube look like?
Below are pictures of what some nanotubes would look like using
a transmission electron micrograph. There are two images, one
from 10nm and the other from 20nm.
The
BuckyballOne individual
buckyball is
built up of
exactly 60
carbon atoms.
What are carbon nanotubes
used for?
Frames for bicycles
The atoms are arranged in hexagons,
which would remind you of chicken wire.
This is the same arrangement as graphite
so what is so special about the nanotubes?
The graphite (chicken wire) lies in flat
sheets on top of each other. The nanotube
(Chicken wire) is rolled up into a tube.
This means that the edges are removed
and each carbon atom is connected to
another. This makes the structure a lot
stronger.
Golf Clubs
Strengthened bumper in Nissan X
Trail Car
Used to kill cancer cells

Nano Products – What`s the big deal?

Transcription

Similar documents

Robert Been - Chiricahua Gallery

aceitunas golf scramble

heatherwood $284900

View - TMS

pacote careways Maio 2012final

Quiz 5 Key

Kirkland_EwoundCareS

BEGINNER - US Kids Golf

Layout 1 (Page 1) - Martin Auctionco

Success isn`t an accident. It`s a conscious decision created by your

klemm northwestern stephanie university

Nano-enabled Properties By Design

Nano Tech Science Education

Nanotechnologies and Food