features - Big Al`s Canada

1
filtration
Issue
MAIN
FEATURES
VOLUME 1, JULY 2009
Modern Filtration
A look into what types of filtration are regularly
used by hobbyists today ... page 6
Top 10 Filtration Products
In need of some extra filtration power? Take
a look at some of our most popular filtration
products ............................ page 4
Sumps - The Titans of Filtration
Sumps may seem intimidating, but fear no
more! This article delves into the world of
sumps, how they work, and the benefits they
can provide ................ page 9
Questions & Answers
Something about your fish boggling your
mind? Questions sent in by readers are
answered in detail by our knowledgeable
experts! ............................ page 12
Aquatic Profiles
In a glance, find out if this issue’s choice
of aquatic life will fit in with your
aquarium setup! ... page 14
www.fishenews.com
O1
AQUARIUM
FILTRATION
A Look Into Modern Filtration
What is the right filter
for my aquarium?
Choosing the right filter for
your aquarium can be a
daunting task. Here at Fishenews,
we have made it easier by providing you (the hobbyist) with the
basic principals of aquarium filtration & the different functions each
filter provides.
Before choosing a filter for your
aquarium, it is best to understand
why a filter is needed in the
first place.
A filter is used to combat
and correct small changes in water
chemistry and clarity that occur
in a closed aquarium system.
These changes include:
• The accumulation of toxins in
your water from the decomposition of organic matter such as
fish excrement, plant wastes
and excess food.
• The accumulation of free floating particulates and debris that
prevent crystal clear water.
These changes are corrected
through three different stages
of filtration:
• Mechanical Filtration
• Chemical Filtration
• Biological Filtration
www.bigalsonline.com
O2 Filtration
Biological Filtration
continued from the cover
Mechanical Filtration
Mechanical filtration is generally the first
stage that water must pass through to
ensure clean and clear water. It is responsible for the removal of particulate matter.
This is achieved by passing water through
a medium such as floss, foam, or diatomaceous earth which traps the debris. It also
aids the biological stage by pre-filtering
the water and removing gunk that could
clog your biological media and interfere
with bacterial processes.
Big Al’s
Chemical Filtration
Chemical filtration is the removal of dissolved compounds from the aquarium water
by a means of absorption, via various types
of media. Many filters provide chemical
filtration by including special media in the
filter compartment such as carbon, which
removes colors, odours, and other contaminants. Different varieties of chemical media
can be used to remove other contaminants
(i.e. algae-causing nutrients such as phosphates and silicates).
Big Al’s
Big Al’s
Big Al’s
Multi-Purpose
Bio-Support contains
300 million live bacteria per
teaspoonful to enhance the growth of any
biological filter and reduce ammonia build up.
Regular use of Multi-Purpose Bio- Support
keeps the biological filter working efficiently. It
will help break down harmful organic compounds that cause dangerous conditions. BioSupport is recommended for use when setting
up a new aquarium, as well as after water
changes to ensure a healthy and productive
bacterial colony. continue... page8
ITEM# 5061-5065
Big Al’s MultiPurpose
Bio-Clean reduces
the time and need for
cleaning power filters,
gravel and interior
aquarium surfaces.
An organic waste disgestor, Bio-Clean will
dissolve sludge in your
aquarium caused by fish waste, over-feeding
and other decaying matter. Bio-Clean contains concentrated live highly active bacteria
and enzymes which go to work instantly. BioITEM#
5067-5070
Clean may cause ammonia levels
to spike.
Together Bio-Clean and Bio-Support make
the ultimate maintenance team.
Multi-Purpose
Bio-Support
Multi-Purpose
Water Conditioner
Big Al’s water
conditioner removes chlorine from
tapwater, making it
safe from aquarium use. It also helps repair the
damaged tissue of tropical fish and marine fish
with a unique formula that contains aloe vera.
Use Big Al’s water conditioner when setting up
an aquarium, changing water, and adding new
fish. Aids in the healing of skin wounds, torn or
damaged fins and fish that have been damaged
due to injury or disease. Treats up to 2000 gallons of water.
ITEM# 4101, 4091-4093
02 FisheNews
The most important stage in filtration is
biological filtration. This stage is responsible for converting toxic ammonia produced
by living aquatic animals and the decay of
proteins into less-harmful nitrates through
the cultivation of nitrifying bacteria in the
aquarium system. This process is also
known as the “Nitrogen Cycle”. These
bacteria are aerobic, meaning they require
oxygen to survive. That is why aerobic
bacteria will cultivate in greater populations where the highest amount of oxygen
exists. This usually happens in a filter that
is designed to promote their growth.
The Official Newsletter
Multi-Purpose
Bio-Clean
O3 Media Choices
Mechanical Media
Mechanical filtration is
the most cost efficient
way to improve the health of
most aquariums. The addition
of any type of mechanical filtration will reduce the amount
of solids in your water, and
help keep debris from reaching your biological media.
Filter Floss: A very fine
cotton/wool type mechanical
media. When used, it increases the efficiency of your
biological filtration by
removing debris and
Chemical Media
Activated Carbon is the
most popular type of
chemical media currently on the
market. Regular use of activated
carbon will ensure that your
aquarium water is looking
its best.
fine particles, resulting in
crystal clear water.
For Polished Water:
Filter Inserts should be
replaced once clogged.
Biological Media
Biological filtration is the
most important process
of filtration. Media such as
ceramic cylinders, plastic bio
balls and other porous materials. The porous surface allows
bacteria to colonize helping to
convert ammonia and nitrite
into less harmful nitrate.
of debris. A small amount
should be changed on a
regular basis to ensure
optimal performance.
For Crystal Clear Water: Carbon should be
replaced every
3-4 weeks
ITEM# 5655
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Bio-Media: An inert porous
material that houses the beneficial bacteria colonies that
complete the nitrogen cycle.
To optimize biological filtration, media should remain free
ITEM# 5347
Through a chemical process that binds
organic and inorganic materials, carbon
will remove large organic molecules,
medications, discoloration, odors, chlorine, pollutants, toxins, and many other
types of chemical elements and compounds
from your aquarium.
ITEM# 18654
Red Sea MAX Deluxe 130D Reef Aquarium System
Red Sea is proud to introduce the new
and improved 2009 Red Sea MAX 130D
34 gallon Coral Reef System. With a complete
host of convenient upgrades
and enhanced
features, this
all-in-one unit
is now easier
to use, requires
less maintenance, and provides even better
performance
than its popular
predecessor. The
Red Sea MAX is
a 34 Gallon / 130
Liter rounded
corner glass
aquarium, specifically designed for ease of
use and long-term sustainability.
This high-tech system comes
complete with reef lighting,
advanced filtration, and a unique power
control center. Also included, is a modern
and elegant stand fabricated exclusively for
this exquisite unit.
The Max’s built in 24 hour lighting timer can be programmed
to control dual 55 watt T-5
power compacts in addition to
the moon glow LED nightlights,
while the integrated cooling fan prevents excess heat
build-up. The center includes: a
removable inlet filter comb with
adjustable shutter for surface
skimming, two-stage mechanical filter, highly efficient turbo
protein skimmer driven by a
1,200 L/hour pump, thermostat
controlled heater, biological
and chemical filtration, and twin
circulation pumps that return
the water to the tank through
ITEM# 400002
adjustable
The Official Newsletter
jets. The entire aquarium is powered through
a single cord connected to the various components, which can be individually controlled via
the external control panel. This unique system
also comes with a reef-keeping guide to ensure
proper use and application.
Enhanced features of the
New Red Sea MAX 130D
include:
• Increased performance protein skimmer
• New surface skimmer overflow box
• Full 3 stage hood opening
FisheNews
03
FisheNews is dedicated to bringing you informative articles and
product information to make your aquarium hobby experiences
more enjoyable. Our writers are all knowledgeable and dedicated
aquarium hobbyists that want to share their passion for aquariums
with the world.
TOP10
MUST HAVE FILTRATION PRODUCTS
ITEM# 16317 - 16319
1 PRO 3e
The PRO 3e is the world’s
first microprocessor controlled
aquarium filter, and it comes
equipped with an assortment of
advanced and innovative features. The Constant Flow feature
monitors increased blockage
and automatically compensates
to maintain your settings. This
guarantees constant throughflow and long intervals between
cleaning. The electronic Output
Control allows you to determine
your preferred flow setting
based on the requirements of
your aquarium (from minimal
output to maximum boost), and
the Stream Function creates
a wave-like effect by continuously alternating the flow rate
to simulate living conditions
of a variety of freshwater and
saltwater fish. Other features
include a 12-Hour Bio Function,
which changes flow rates every
12 hours to simulate day/night
cycles, and an Electronic Air
Indicator that performs a variety
of diagnostics on your filter and
makes automatic corrections.
All together, this high-tech, high
performance filter will make a
welcome asset to any freshwater or saltwater aquarium.
Produces a 490 g/h output.
ITEM# 6654
C-Series
2 Marineland’s
Canister Filter
The revolutionary design of the new Marineland Multi-Stage
C-Series allows only sparkling clean water to recirculate into
your aquarium. With virtually no bypass and a three-stage
filtration process, water is forced to pass through the filter
media trays and not around them.
Maintenance is very easy, and when it is time to service your
C-Series Filter, all you do is push a lever, turn the key and lift
out the Stack n’ Flo Filter Trays.
4 Aquaclear Power Filter
Chemi3 Boyd
Pure Elite
ITEM# 60133
This safe and effective
filter media helps: create
crystal clear aquarium
water, stabilize pH levels,
reduce frequency of
required water changes,
promote aerobic bacterial
growth, remove dissolved
organics, and much
more! This powerful
agent also contains
Ferric Oxide to remove
phosphates and silicates.
The Aquaclear 70 Power Filter provides
thorough aquarium water filtration. Its flow
path directs water to the bottom of the filter
chamber to ensure total water flow through all
the media. No bypass as water rises through
the layers of filter media. This filter provides
3-stage filtration (biological, chemical, and
mechanical). The manufacturer recommends
this filter for both freshwater and saltwater
applications.
ITEM# 1076U
04 FisheNews
The Official Newsletter
O5
6 Eheim Classic 2217
The Eheim Classic 2217 chamber canister
design allows for the greatest flexibility in media
set up for biological, mechanical, chemical and
absorptive filtration. The flow rate has been
calculated to provide the exact balance needed
between mechanical/biological long-term
filtration, water circulation, oxygen enrichment;
resulting in optimum conditions for successful
aquarium keeping. The 2217 is suitable for
aquariums up to 160 gallons
and has a pump output of 264
GPH. Comes complete with
media (Ehfisubtrat, Ehfimech
and fine and coarse filter pads)
and quick disconnect valves.
The manufacturer recommends
this filter for both freshwater and
saltwater applications. Eheim
also offers a Classic 2213 and
Classic 2215 for use on smaller
aquariums.
5 Marineland Emperor 400
The Marineland Emperor Bio-Wheel 400 Power Filter provides
effective biological filtration and is the key to a healthy aquarium.
Marineland’s patented bio-wheel is a very effective filtration design.
The bio-wheel filter has become the most widely used because it
is the ideal culture site for the beneficial bacteria responsible for
biological filtration. When combined with the emperor’s dual pump
action and three-stage filtration (biological, chemical, and mechanical), you achieve power
and performance that is
unrivaled by other power
filters. This filter is suitable for aquariums up to
80 gallons in size (400
GPH). The manufacturer
recommends this filter
for both freshwater and
saltwater applications.
ITEM# 5665
ITEM# 7644
7 Subcurrent Filter
Current USA’s Subcurrent Filter is a powerful
internal filter that has a unique design which
allows for surface skimming, removing the oily
film that builds on the water with near silent
operation. The Subcurrent Filter is suitable
for tanks up to 35 gallons. Dual directional
outputs give complete control of circulation.
The Subcurrent Filter incorporates mechanical
filtration for removing particulates, chemical
filtration (carbon pouches) and mini bio balls for
biological support. Ideal for nano reefs, planted
aquariums, and other aquarium applications.
ITEM# 73745
The Submariner is the proactive
solution for eradicating harmful microorganisms and unattractive green
free-floating algae in freshwater and
marine aquaria. This revolutionary
U.V. sterilizer / clarifier is completely
submersible, and can be placed
vertically in the main body of your
aquarium or horizontally in a sump for
a clutter-free setup.
ITEM# 11807
Medic
9 Aqua
Blue Reef 1000
This combined filter and
sump is molded from highquality acrylic. The unit is
completely enclosed and is
maintained through two large
sliding doors; this enclosed
construction minimizes
evaporation and reduces the
humidity build up inside the
aquarium cabinet. The built-in
filter tower features a drawer
for implementing mechanical
filtration before the water is distributed over the
volume of Bactoball biological media. The drawer
can be removed for maintenance access without
interrupting the flow of water.
8 JBJ Submariner
10 Kent Phos
Reactor
ITEM# 19567
The Kent Phos Reactor
removes unwanted algaecausing phosphate from
saltwater and freshwater
aquariums. Can be used
with any phosphate
removing media or with
other forms of media, such
as mixed bed resin, reef
carbon or nitrate sponge
depending on the needs of
your aquarium. The Phos
Reactor can be used as a
hang on unit. Made of high
quality acrylic and ABS.
The Official Newsletter
ITEM# 8038
FisheNews
05
Power Filter
Power Filters (also known as HOT “Hang-On-Tank” filters)
are the most commonly used form of filtration. These filters
hang off the back or side of the aquarium and draw water into
the filter chamber, circulate it through the media, then push it
back out into the aquarium. Most power filters incorporate all
three forms of filtration (Mechanical, Chemical, and Biological) in
the form of convenient pre-made filter cartridges. These cartridges are affordable, but tend to need replacement more frequently
then some other types of filters. Best suited for tanks 100 gallons
or less, they are easy to maintain, and perform well.
Internal Filter
Internal filters come in two primary forms: One form is
essentially a powerhead with a media container attached
to the intake to pre-filter the water before it goes into the pump.
This is a true internal filter, able to be placed anywhere in the
aquarium; even lying on its side. The other form uses a pump at
the bottom of the filter body to push water up through the media
and then back out into the aquarium. Not as versatile as the
first form, but still inside the aquarium for operation; perfect for
shallow water applications such as paludariums. Internal filters
provide mechanical and chemical filtration, but lack substantial
biological filtration. They are best suited for tanks with less then
55 gallons of water.
ITEM# 14047
Quiet and convenient, the Whisper
Internal Filter will operate in less than
2 inches of water, making it ideal for reptile
tanks. Easily adjustable with mounting
bracket and suction cups, these
filters can be used for either high
or low water levels. Since they
sit inside the aquarium and the
motor is under water, these filters
are exceptionally quiet. Each filter
comes complete with one preassembled Whisper Bio-Bag Filter
Cartridge. The 40i Filter is suitable
for aquariums between 20 and 40
gallons in size. 170 GPH. Replacement cartridges are the Bio-BagRegular (large). This filter provides
mechanical and chemical filtration
and is recommended exclusively for
freshwater applications.
This multi-functional internal filter
is excellent for reptile aquariums.
This unit can be laid on its side for filtering
shallow water, and has a maximum flow
rate of 92 gph. Recommended for aquariums up to 40 gallons. This filter provides
mechanical and chemical filtration and is
recommended exclusively for freshwater
applications.
Effective biological filtration
is the key to a healthy
aquarium. Marineland’s
patented bio-wheel is a
very effective filtration
design. The bio-wheel
filter has become the
most widely used
because it is the
ITEM# 5664
ideal culture site for the
beneficial bacteria responsible for biological filtration.
When put together with emperor’s dual pump action and
three-stage filtration (biological, chemical, and mechanical), you get power and performance that unmatched by
other power filters. This filter is suitable for aquariums up
to 55 gallons in size (280 GPH).
The Whisper EX power
filter introduces a host
of cutting-edge features;
bringing you the best in efficiency and convenience.
With its patented Timestrip”
technology, hobbyists can
keep a watchful eye on the
condition of their carbon filter
and accurately determine
when it needs replacing. The
EX’s newly designed filter
carrier holds the filter and
the drips, so you don’t have
to. After discarding the old filter and inserting a new one,
the carrier drops easily back into place, eliminating messy
and complicated media changes. Whisper EX contains
multiple layers of progressively denser floss to remove even
the smallest particles. The carbon inside eliminates odors,
discoloration, and harmful toxins. Finally, the “Bioscrubber”
removes ammonia and nitrites that are deadly to your fish.
ITEM# 14605
ITEM# 16710
06 FisheNews
The Official Newsletter
Wet/Dry Filter
07
Canister Filter
Canister filters are larger, more efficient filters that can be
placed under the aquarium and out of sight. They are able to
hold more, and a greater variety of media than both hang on and
internal filters; making them more versatile and better suited for
larger aquariums. They require less frequent maintenance, lasting
for almost three times longer then other types of filters, and typically
cost less per year to operate because the media is changed less
often. Canister filters can be used for aquariums as small as 25
gallons and as large as 400 gallons. They can be more costly then
other forms of filtration, but are well worth the investment.
ITEM# 17652
Aquarium Pharmaceuticals’
RENA Filstar XP 3 Canister
Filter: Multi-stage, bypass-free system is highly efficient and versatile.
Disposable filtration pouches for
easy clean-up. Multi-use filtration
baskets with handles for easy
maintenance. Built in handles for
easy carrying during maintenance.
Recommended for aquariums up to
175 gallons in size. All you have to
do is drop the pouch into the media
basket - it’s that simple. This filter
provides 3-stage filtration (biological, chemical, and mechanical). The
manufacturer recommends this filter
for both freshwater and saltwater
applications.
Eheim 2028 Professionel II Canister Filter: Depressing the
pump head automatically activates the integrated priming
system, instantly starting water flow into the filter unit. Once the
canister has completely filled with water, just “plug and play”. New
maintenance indicator allows a visual check of the current filter condition, taking the guess work out of planning
filter maintenance. At a single
glance, the position of the flow
ball indicates the current filter
status. The internal ball valves
are closed and the hoses are
detached without spilling a
drop. Re-attachment is just
as easy. This filter provides
3-stage filtration (biological,
chemical and mechanical),
and is very easy to service.
ITEM# 7511
Wet/Dry filters come in the form of specialized
canister filters and sump systems. The canister variety uses a float switch mechanism to purge the canister,
allowing it to fill with air, giving the biological media much
needed contact with oxygen before filling back up with
water. This process happens continually while the canister
is operating. Sump systems typically use a method where
the media is held in a chamber out of the water, and water
coming into the filter is poured or “trickled” overtop of the
media allowing for constant exposure to oxygen. These
systems are kept below the tank and out of sight, so as
not to detract from the beauty of the aquarium. Although
they are usually more complicated to set up, and are generally the largest investment, the benefits of Wet/Dry filters
can be significant.
The Eheim Wet/Dry Canister Filter is the first, and
only, fully integrated wet/dry filter. Providing 30,000
sq.ft. of surface area, it is the perfect answer when you need
a true wet/dry filter, but lack the space for a conventional
sump system. The continual, multi-directional water movement allows for extended contact
time between bacterial colonies,
oxygen, and the organic wastes to
be removed. This ensures a quicker
breakdown time than other filters.
The Wet/Dry 2229 is suitable for
tanks up to 158 gallons and has a
pump output of 277 GPH, comes
with all hoses, media, and connections to get you started.
ITEM# 7434
The Marineland High-Capacity Acrylic Sump Filtration System is the ultimate answer to superb filtration
for freshwater, marine and reef aquariums. The new sleek
design fits easily in aquarium stands. Front loading easyaccess media trays and removable High-Capacity BIOWheel(s) make maintenance easy and practical. Dedicated
chamber for Marine Series protein skimmer maintains
constant water depth for optimal performance. Attention to
detail with Flame-polished edges and superior build quality
The System not only has massive filtering power, but also
ads extra gallons
to your system to
help maintain pristine water quality.
Model 4 is rated for
aquariums 180 to
300 gallons and is
designed for dual
overflow systems.
ITEM# 41581
The Official Newsletter
FisheNews
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08
Protein Skimmer
Protein skimmers are used primarily in saltwater applications. This is because freshwater is not as dense as saltwater, and the tiny bubble size required for the skimmer to function
is difficult to achieve. Skimmers work through foam fractionation,
a process where hydrophobic molecules (wastes) are separated
from the water before they begin to break down; this differs from
most filters which facilitate the chemical break down of wastes.
Protein skimmers effectively increase the longevity of your water,
as well as your filter media in marine applications. They are essential for marine and reef applications where pristine water quality is needed for sensitive fish and corals to survive.
The Prizm Pro combines an efficient 18 blade turbo air/water injector together with Red Sea’s patented
convergent-divergent flow technology
reaction chamber, resulting in exceptional skimming performance. The Prizm
Pro is suitable for tanks up to 300
gallons. Flow regulator enables
complete control of foam column.
Removable 40 oz. waste collection cup. External water pump.
Technologically advanced for the
advanced hobbyist but simple
enough for a beginner to install.
ITEM# 15915
Red Sea Berlin X2 Venturi Protein Skimmer: The X2 offers a
50% increase in skimming performance
over the old model, while preserving
its predecessors small footprint and
compact dimensions. Now enhanced
Triple-Pass reaction chamber, Patented
FoamView collection cup, Quick-fit
inner parts for easy maintanence.
Designed for both in-sump and hang-on
use. New high air-flow injector design,
completely removable for easy maintenance, max. water throughput: 600
lph/150 gph. Max. air throughput: 200
lph/50 gph.
There are two major factors that come into play when
deciding which protein skimmer is right for your aquarium
Do you have a Sump?
Yes, If your sump has enough space, an in-sump protein
skimmer will perform the best. These skimmers are not only
hidden from sight, but also tend to be more efficient than their
hang-on-tank counterparts.
No, A HOT (hang-on-tank) skimmer is the best route to take
for marine aquariums without a sump system. These skimmers
are built in a similar fashion to Power Filters, and can hang on
the back or side of the aquarium. They do perform well, but unfortunately are in plain sight unless the aquarium has a canopy
to hide equipment.
What type of
Marine system?
Fish Only
Most skimmers have a manufacturer rating on the box geared
towards a fish only system. Match
the skimmer to the tank by the
manufacturer’s rating.
E.g. a 65 gallon fish only aquarium
could be matched with a Coralife
Super Skimmer 65 – item# 8506
Reef Aquarium
Reef aquariums are more sensitive, and require larger skimmers
to ensure pristine water quality.
Reef aquariums should have a
skimmer rated for approximately
double the size of the aquarium.
E.g. a 65 gallon reef aquarium could
be matched with a Coralife Super
Skimmer 125 –item# 8507
ITEM# 22855
08 FisheNews
The Official Newsletter
ITEM# 8507
What benefits
come with sump
filtration?
A sump is much more then just a container
of water below the aquarium, and having a
sump system has some great benefits:
Increased Water Volume
Increasing the water volume of your aquarium by adding a sump is a great way to make
your system more stable. For example, if
you were to accidently add too much food to
your twenty gallon aquarium, it would have
less negative impact on the aquarium if you
had a sump containing an extra five gallons
of water; diluting it by roughly 20%. Even the
amount of waste your fish produce becomes
diluted by the extra water in the system.
What is a sump,
and how does
it work?
A sump is essentially a container that is
lower than, and which receives drainage
from the aquarium. This is done in a continuous cycle, where the aquarium constantly
overfills so that it is forced to drain through
the drain pipe down into the sump, and
is then pumped back up to the aquarium
thus starting the cycle over again. (Refer to
diagram 1. Red arrows show draining water;
green arrows show water being pumped
back to the main aquarium).
Maintaining a Stable Water Level
As water evaporates from a typical aquarium
setup, the level of water in the aquarium will
drop, requiring you to refill the aquarium in
order to keep it at roughly the same height.
This can leave water marks around glass
near the top of the aquarium, which is unsightly and hard to remove.
The water level in an aquarium with a sump
system will never fall below the height of the
drain pipe, ensuring the aquarium always
looks full. Instead, the water level in the
sump will change; needing to be topped
up. This is usually easier, as the bucket of
water will not need to be lifted to the height
of the aquarium in order to dump it; it can be
Diagram #1
The Official Newsletter
FisheNews
09
dumped directly into the sump. Systems can
also be outfitted with automatic top-off systems
to replenish evaporated water.
Removing Surface Film
Aquariums often have a thin oily film on the
surface of the water; out of reach of your filter’s
intake. This film is not very attractive, cuts
down on vital gas exchanges, and can actually
diminish the amount of light that your aquarium
receives from the light fixture. Light is not only
important for viewing your fish; it is also vital for
plants and corals to survive. As water rises up
and over the edge of the overflow box or drain
pipe, the surface is extracted, removing any
film and filtering it out. Because this process is
continuous, it eliminates the buildup of surface
films all together.
Keeps Equipment Out of Sight
A sump will also provide an area to conceal
equipment that would otherwise clutter the
aquarium. Items like heaters, thermometers,
UV sterilizers etc. can be placed in the sump
to free up space in and around the aquarium.
In most cases, this also makes the equipment
easier to access and maintain.
Easier Water Changes and Top Offs
Being closer to the floor, a sump makes adding
and removing water from water changes much
easier, requiring less lifting. Some sumps can
even be plumbed to a building’s drain lines,
allowing you to remove water by turning a
valve rather then having to siphon it out.
Maintaining your aquarium becomes faster
and easier.
Excellent Aeration
Aeration of the water allows for gas
exchange, replenishing the oxygen in
the aquarium. Many filters provide aeration by agitating the surface of the water.
Sump filters not only disturb the surface by
turning it over, they aerate the water as it
tumbles down the drain pipe into the sump.
The water is also aerated while it trickles
through the wet/dry portion of the filter (if
one is used). With three forms of aeration, it
is hard to exceed the level of gas exchange
that sump filtration provides.
Customization of Filtration
Like most filters, sumps can make use of all
three types of filtration: Biological, Mechanical, and Chemical. Unlike most filters, sump
filters are highly customizable with plenty
of room for additional filter bags/pads or
equipment like phosphate reactors and UV
sterilizers. If the aquarium were to have an
outbreak of algae, a media bag of phosphate remover can easily be placed in the
sump to help combat the problem. This can
become difficult with other filters that may
not have adequate room for their general
media, as well as the media you use
to fight a specific problem. Sumps also
come in many shapes and sizes, and can
be custom built for more specific requirements. For example, some saltwater
aquariums incorporate refugiums (controlled area where algae and microorganisms can reproduce). Rather then having
one hang on the back of the aquarium,
the sump can have a chamber built in for
this purpose.
Superior Biological Filtration
Pre-filters help protect your biological media from
becoming saturated with detritus allowing the media
to maintain its surface area and bacterial productivity. Having a pre-filter also increases the longevity of
your other media; this is great because filter floss is
relatively inexpensive in comparison.
10 FisheNews
Sump systems are most widely known for
being superior biological filters with use of
wet/dry filtration. This is most commonly
done by trickling the water through a
tower of bio-balls (media made of plastic
The Official Newsletter
Bio-balls are a great form of biological filtration. Over
time, a portion of them should be replaced in order to
maintain a healthy bacterial colony. Large public and
retail aquariums often use bio-ball towers as their main
source of biological filtration.
with great surface area) to establish bacteria that
aids in the breakdown of wastes into less harmful
chemicals. The beneficial bacteria are aerobic,
meaning that they require oxygen in order to
survive. Most conventional filters can only host a
limited amount of bacteria because of the limited
surface area of the media, and oxygen in the
water. The trickle system allows for more media
and plenty of exposure to air, creating ideal
conditions for the bacteria to flourish.
What sump is right for you?
Some may find that they want all the benefits
of these filters, but are still not confident they
can manage the complicated plumbing. Keep in
mind that sump systems may look complex and
intimidating, but all these systems still work off
the same basic principals.
There are manufacturers that make all-in-one
sump systems for those hobbyists who want
the benefits without all of the intricate plumbing.
These systems are simple, less costly, and still
do a much better job then any hang-on type
filter. The only potential drawback is that most
of these smaller systems are geared towards
saltwater aquariums, meaning that if you have
a freshwater aquarium, you may end up with a
few parts that will not end up using (such as a
built in protein skimmer like the one that comes
with the Tom Pro Series PS3). If you have an
aquarium less then 75 gallons in size, an all-inone system may be best.
Full blown sumps that are plumbed directly to
the aquarium do require some extra planning
and labor. If you do not feel that you can handle
installing this type of system yourself, your
local aquarium specialists will be able to walk
you through the steps, or in some cases can
be hired to design and install the system for
you. Custom systems tend to
be larger, more efficient and
can be tailored directly to your
specific needs. In most situations the aquarium will need to
have a drain hole, and return
hole drilled into it. This can be
avoided if you purchase a predrilled or “reef ready” aquarium.
For large aquariums, going this
route is usually the best choice.
With an understanding of how
sumps actually work, and the
great benefits they provide
over other types of filtration, it
is easy to see why they are considered to be
the titans of filtration and are most often the
filtration of choice for public display aquariums, retail store fish rooms, and dedicated
hobbyist aquariums.
To keep equipment out of sight, this
sump is holding a protein skimmer,
heater, UV sterilizer, and a digital thermometer. Without a sump filter, all of this
equipment would be visible in or on the
aquarium; distracting the viewers attention away from the beauty of your fish.
Sump systems don’t have to be complicated. This
system is not much larger then a full size canister
filter, incorporates media trays for easy cleaning, and
has a hang-on overflow and return system that does
not require you to drill your aquarium for plumbing.
An overflow box not only hides your drain pipe, but
also acts as a guard to keep your fish, plants and
large debris from falling into, and possibly clogging
your drain pipe.
The Official Newsletter
FisheNews
11
Betta splendens shown swimming
in a well planted aquarium.
Can you explain to me why Betta
fish do not need aquariums with
filters? I love my little Betta who
is almost two years old, and
I was hoping to put him in a
bigger home since he is pretty
crammed into his little bowl. He
always seems really docile and
doesn’t move unless I feed him.
Will putting him in a big tank
with a filter make him happier?
Paige Bonise – Oakville, Ontario
Betta splendens, also known as Siamese
fighting fish, are generally kept in small
containers of water, usually less then a gallon
in size. However, this does not mean they will
not benefit from being in a larger aquarium.
The Betta fish makes a great bowl fish due to
its ability to slow its metabolic rate and to use
atmospheric air to supplement the oxygen in its
bloodstream; reducing the amount of oxygen
it requires in the water, as well as the amount
of waste it produces. Thus less maintenance is
required, cutting down on the need for constant
water changes and feedings that other fish
would need in such a confined space.
12 FisheNews
On the other hand, a Betta would also
do very well in a fully filtered and heated
aquarium system. They will tend to be
much more active and swim about, rather
then sit lifeless on the bottom of the bowl.
There are some factors to consider when
setting up a tank for a Betta. A Betta does
not require a lot of space, so a tank from
10 to 20 gallons is ideal. The aquarium
should be kept at a constant temperature
of around 78°F which can be maintained
with an aquarium heater. The filter should
be rated for the size of the aquarium, or
even rated for a slightly smaller aquarium,
as too much turbulent flow can cause
stress for a Betta fish. The tank should
be furnished with aquarium decorations
that have no sharp edges or points that
the long extravagant fins of a Betta could
become caught, and torn on. Lastly, due to
their highly aggressive nature, and lack of
ability to compete for food with faster moving species, similar sized, slow-moving
community fish are ideal companions as
long as:
• They do not have fancy fins (Guppies
or small Angels etc.) as they could be
mistaken for another male Betta.
• They are not too active/nippy (Barbs,
Danios, etc.)
• They are not too small, (Neon Tetras etc.)
as smaller fish could be eaten.
Most larger tetra species, live bearers, and
small catfish such as Cories, make suitable tank mates for Bettas.
The Official Newsletter
ITEM# 73748
DID YOU KNOW
“You can strike up a little excitement with your sluggish
Betta by holding a small mirror in front of him. Doing this
on occasion is not only fun
to watch, it is also a good
stimulus for the fish.”
So to answer your question, a Betta
does not require a filtered aquarium because its physiology allows it to function
in less then ideal situations. Still, having
him in a filtered and heated aquarium
will give you a whole new view into the
world of Betta fish. Even after living in a
bowl for two years, it will transform your
little friend into a livelier, more active
member of the aquarium hobby.
This juvenile Silver Arowana is commonly seen in
stores around three inches in size. It is important
to remember this fish has the potential to reach
over four feet in length in captivity.
I am planning on setting up a large
180 gallon aquarium for a Red Tail
Catfish and a Silver Arowana.
I wanted to know what type of filter
would be best, and how big it has to
be to keep the tank clean. I want to
make sure I do this right!
Jason Karling – Toledo, Ohio
DID YOU KNOW
duced is the most important thing you can do
for your aquarium. It will not only keep your
water looking crystal clear; it will be keeping
the aquarium from reaching toxic levels that
could cause permanent harm or even kill
your fish.
When setting up a predator tank, adequate
filtration is vital. Large fish in general tend
to create a lot more waste then smaller species. This is because it takes more food to keep
the fish going; meaning that there will be more
organic waste and chemical by-products such
as ammonia to foul the water. Both the Red Tail
Cat (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) and Silver
Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) are large
fish that can obtain a length of more then four
feet even in captivity. The amount of food going
into the aquarium is substantial, and the levels
of waste will be as well. Making sure your filter
is able to handle the amount of waste being pro-
For your application, We recommend a large
canister type filter such as the Eheim 2080 or
Fluval FX5, or even go as far as recommending two canisters that are slightly smaller
such as two Eheim 2028 canisters. Both the
2080 and FX5 canisters are quite large, and
are rated for aquariums larger then your 180
(approx. 400 gallons). Having an oversized
filter, or two properly rated filters, is a perfect
precaution when heavily stocking an aquarium. The advantage of using two canisters is
the ability to service them one at a time, several weeks apart, allowing you to maintain an
abundant amount of beneficial bacteria that
would otherwise be lost. Using the standard
The Official Newsletter
“Fish like this Red Tai
l
Catfish grow large
and
consume a lot of foo
d.
Making sure your
filter
can handle the wa
ste
is essential.”
media setup the manufacturer recommends will be fine. If needed, you can
always customize your media to deal
with any curve balls your aquarium
may encounter. Using one of these or
any other large canister filter will give
you ample, reliable filtration, and most
importantly peace of mind.
Do you have a question?
Email us at [email protected]
FisheNews
13
Featured
Freshwater FISH
Cardinal Tetra
(Parachirodon axelrodi)
Native To:
Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela
Size: Up to 2” (5 cm)
Water Chemistry: Does best
in soft, slightly acidic conditions.
Temperature: 74 to 80 ˚F
Behavior: Peaceful
Diet: Small live or frozen
foods such as Daphnia or
Brine Shrimp; will also eat
staple flake foods and small
pellets.
Difficulty:
Featured
Freshwater PLANT
A great plant that is easy to care for.
Anubias Nana takes little effort to keep
looking healthy and vibrant. It can be
placed virtually anywhere, and will easily grow onto rocks, wood, and other
surfaces in the aquarium. Fishing line can
be used to attach the rhizome of the plant
to a surface you wish for it to grow onto. If
planted on the gravel, the rhizome should
not be buried as it may rot.
Anubias Nana
(Anubias nana)
Native To: Africa
Height: 2” to 6”
Width: 3.5”+
Light: Low to Medium
Growth: Slow
Difficulty:
14 FisheNews
The Official Newsletter
The Cardinal Tetra, despite its small
size, is an appealing addition to any
community tank. When kept in groups,
they will form a school, and add an
attractively orchestrated movement
to the aquarium. Cardinal Tetras fair
best in large groups, in well planted
aquariums, with other slow-moving
tank mates. Being somewhat sensitive
fish, maintaining excellent water quality
is a must. Due to their popularity in
the aquarium hobby, there are captive
bread specimens readily available.
Featured
Saltwater FISH
Ocellaris Clownfish
(Amphiprion ocellaris)
Native To: South Asia, Australia
Size: Up to 3.5” (9 cm)
Water Chemistry: Prefers a PH of
8.1 to 8.4, Salinity of 1.020 to 1.025
Temperature: 76 to 78 ˚F
Behavior: Peaceful – can sometimes
be aggressive with other clown species.
Reef Compatible: Yes – will sometimes try to host in corals which may
irritate them.
Diet: Small live or frozen foods such
as Mysis Shrimp; will also eat marine
formulated flake foods and small
pellets.
These clownfish are often mistaken with
Amphiprion percula and are commonly
known as False Percula Clowns. They
are also referred to as “Nemo fish” after
the clownfish character from the popular
Disney movie Finding Nemo. Clownfish are entertaining to watch with their
clumsy movements, and captivating
symbiotic relationship with anemones.
Clownfish in general are very hardy
fish, and make a great fish for beginner saltwater hobbyists. The Ocellaris
clownfish comes in a variety of color
morphs. One popular variant is the black
Ocellaris; rather than orange sections
of color they are completely black with
white vertical bars. The black Ocellaris
is found occurring naturally in Australian
regions, generally being more then twice
the price of the regular variety.
Difficulty:
Featured
Saltwater CORAL
A great coral for beginners, mushroom
corals come in a vast variety of colors
and textures making them eye-catching
and collectable. They require little attention to thrive, and self-propagate regularly with almost no effort. Often referred
to as disc anemones, these corals are
motile and are able to move themselves
about the tank in attempts to find the
most appropriate placement if not satisfied with their current location.
Mushroom Coral
Featured Saltwater
Coral:
(Actinodiscus
sp.)
Native To: Indonesia, Central
Pacific, Eastern & Southern
Asia
Height: Up to 1”
Width: 1” to 3”
Light: Low to Medium
Flow: Low to Medium
Growth: Moderate to Fast
Difficulty:
The Official Newsletter
FisheNews
15
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NEXT ISSUE
Volume One
HEAD OFFICE
Project Manager Adam S.
Lighting
EDITORIAL TEAM
Editor Thomas B.
Associate Editors
Chris W., Derek Z.
Deon W., Josh L.
The next issue of FISHeNEWS
will shed some light on one of
the hottest and most confusing topics:
Lighting. Lighting is one of the most important components of your aquarium;
without it you would have a hard time
viewing your aquatic display, yet it is
often overlooked. Many hobbyists find
themselves bewildered by terminology such as “Kelvin” and “Lux”. Worry
not! We will explain the importance of
lighting, simplify these terms, and make
it easy for you to choose the right type
of lighting system and bulbs for your
aquarium. You will be surprised how
using the right lighting can transform an
already stunning tank into a spectacular
masterpiece!
ART DEPARTMENT
Project Director Peter F.
Art Director Mikeowangelo W.
Production Artist Jared G.
Photographers John D., Thomas B.
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
Thomas B., Josh L., Mike W., Matt W.
EDITORIAL OFFICE
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held liable for errors or omissions.
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