Small-Space Design

thedesıgner
ASSOCIATION OF
PROFESSIONAL LANDSCAPE DESIGNERS
Summer 2015
Small-Space Design
KITCHEN GARDENS
TRAVEL INSPIRATION: BELGIUM
CONTAINER DESIGNS
editor’sletter
Small-Space Design
W
hen my husband and I first moved into our home in Northern California 17 years ago, we loved everything about it—except the tiny
backyard. Only 18 feet deep and little more than 50 feet wide, we
had a hard time imagining how we would enjoy the outdoor lifestyle we were accustomed to in a footprint that was only a fraction of the garden we had left behind.
Happily, through careful planning, visits to inspirational gardens and good old trial
and error (both in my garden and my clients’), we’ve gradually turned our backyard
into the most beautiful “room” in our home, and the one we spend the most time in.
Nowadays, I design gardens in all different shapes and sizes, but small spaces hold a
special place for me, and make up a large part of my practice. That’s why I’m excited
our summer issue is devoted to smallspace design. If the idea of limited
square feet leaves you stumped on
where to begin, in Design 101, Rebecca Sweet shares some of her strategies for dealing with the challenges
unique to small gardens. If container
gardening is your thing, you won’t
want to miss Kelly Kilpatrick’s interview of noted container-garden designer Helen Weis. And because even
big gardens are made up of smaller
areas, Leslie Needham shares how she
transformed an unused garage yard
into a stunning and functional kitchen
garden.
I don’t know where you are as you’re
reading this, but if it’s early evening,
I’m reading on my iPad in my usual
spot—relaxing on a lounge chair in my
own personal mini-oasis.
SUSAN MORRISON
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[email protected]
Camouflage™
Variegated Japanese Aralia
Fatsia japonica ‘Variegata’
Monrovia makes it
easy to create a beautiful garden.
Brighten up a shady spot with this vibrant evergreen shrub. Each leaf has a camouflage pattern of yellow, lime,
and green. Whether planted in the ground or in a container, it is always a conversation starter. Exquisite, textural
foliage lends a tropical feel to the garden, and in late winter it produces showy white flower clusters.
All Monrovia plants are regionally grown in our custom-blended, nutrient-rich soil and tended carefully to ensure the
healthiest plant. We work with the best breeders around the world to find improved plant varieties that perform
better in the garden. Order our Distinctively Better ® plants by contacting your Monrovia sales representative,
through re-wholesalers nationwide or at Shop.Monrovia.com.
Insta
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11 PRESIDENT'S
MESSAGE
12 DESIGN ROUNDUP
16 PRO PLANT PICKS
Plants for Small
Spaces
24 BOOK REVIEW
Great Garden
Design
BY LU CY VA N LIE W
28 DESIGN LESSON
Kitchen Garden
Design
BY L E SL I E N EE D H AM
34 DESIGN 101
Small-Space
Strategies
BY R E B E CC A SWE ET
44 TRAVEL INSPIRATION:
BELGIUM
Winter Lessons for
Summer Gardens
BY SUSA N COH AN, AP LD
50 INTERVIEW
Container Garden
Design
BY K E L LY K I LPATRIC K
O N T H E COV ER:
2 01 4 A P L D M ERIT WINNER
G R AC E D E S I GN ASS O C IATES ;
P H OTO G R A P H BY
L E P E R E P H OTO GRAP H Y
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O N T H I S PAG E:
P H OTO G R A P H FRO M TH E BO O K ,
G R E AT G A R DEN D ESIGN
apld.org
SU MMER 2015
contents
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thedesıgner
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Susan Morrison
ART DIRECTOR
Marti Golon
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Denise Calabrese
ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Lisa Ruggiers
MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR
Angela Burkett
COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR
Michelle Keyser
CERTIFICATION COORDINATOR
Kelly Clark
COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATE
Courtney Kuntz
BOOKKEEPER
Jennifer Swartz
MEMBERSHIP, FINANCE &
EVENTS COORDINATOR
Leona Wagner
NEWSLETTER EDITOR
Amy Bobb
COPY EDITOR
Claire Splan
➸ Click name to email us!
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contact
[email protected]
For submission guidelines
click here
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Pyracantha
D E S IGN A N D
P H OTOGR A PH BY
RE BE CCA SWEET
contributors
Susan Cohan,
APLD
Travel
Inspiration:
Belguim
Kelly
Kilpatrick
Leslie
Needham
Rebecca
Sweet
Interview:
Design Lesson: Design 101:
Container
Kitchen
Small-Space
Garden Design Garden Design Strategies
p. 44
p. 50
p. 28
p. 34
Susan Cohan,
APLD, is the
award-winning
principal of a
boutique residential landscape
design studio in
New Jersey. Her
work ranges
from small urban
backyards to
large residential
properties in the
New York metropolitan area. She
is also an inspiration junkie who
travels the world
to fuel her habit
and is passionate
about all things
design related. She shares
what she finds
on her blog Miss
Rumphius’ Rules
when the spirit
moves her. Kelly Kilpatrick
has been
creating
plantalicious
gardens in the
San Francisco
Bay Area since
2000. She is
the owner of
Floradora
Garden Design
and keeps a
garden journal
at the blog
Floradora.
Leslie Needham
Design, LLC,
is a residential
landscape design
firm based
in Bedford,
NY. With her
team of talented
plantsmen,
masons,
architects,
and artisans,
Leslie strives
to integrate
a client’s goals
and sensibilities
with the “spirit
of place” to
create timeless,
yet energetic,
landscapes that
will mature and
evolve over the
years.
Rebecca Sweet
is the owner of the
design firm,
Harmony in the
Garden, in Los
Altos, California.
Her gardens have
been featured in
Sunset, Fine
Gardening,
Horticulture and
Woman’s Day
magazines as well
as many regional
publications.
In addition to
designing gardens,
she is the author
of Refresh Your
Garden Design
with Color, Texture
and Form and is
the co-author of
Garden Up! Smart
Vertical Gardening for Small and
Large Spaces. She also writes the
design column,
“Harmony in the
Garden,” for Horticulture magazine.
Lucy Van Liew
Book Review:
Great Garden
Design
p. 24
Lucy Van Liew
divides her time
and practice
between the
shoreline in
Connecticut
and her native
UK, where
she received
a Diploma in
Garden Design
and draws much
inspiration, which
she adapts to the
harsher climate
of Connecticut.
She is an active
member of APLD
CT chapter and
also a member of
the UK Society of
Garden Designers.
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president’smessage
Why Go To The APLD
Conference?
N
ow is the time to plan to attend the
October 2015 APLD conference in
Washington, DC. Put the date—
October 8 through 11—on your calendar and start
saving to attend because it is an important part of
growing your business.
After I attended my first conference in Pasadena
almost 10 years ago, I decided to be at the conference every year. I become inspired, and therefore a better designer, from the knowledge and
ideas I take home from the training sessions,
garden tours, and chats with fellow designers!
Some will say it is too expensive or they don’t
use the plant palette from an area where the
conference is held. I believe even if you don’t use the plants from a
particular area, you do need design and hardscape ideas, and there is nothing
better than a portfolio of fresh new concepts on a yearly basis. My clients love it
when I show them my portfolio of ideas from conferences in Dallas, Cleveland,
Orlando, Pasadena, or Portland. They like to see what others are doing and we
can build on a specific idea with something similar that works for them.
Some think they can get all this information online. Maybe some of it can be
obtained this way, but you will never meet designers who are so willing to share
their expertise and experiences from visiting the Internet. The knowledge you
glean and the confidence you gain from attending this conference is second to
none. I look forward to seeing you in October!
COLLEEN HAMILTON APLD
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designroundup
Small-Garden Superstar:
Lomandra fluviatilis ‘Shara’
Lomandra (below and left) has long been popular with designers in dry,
mild climates for its year-round good looks, low water needs, and
adaptability to both full sun and moderate shade. ‘Shara’ is a fine-leafed,
evergreen cultivar with blue-gray coloring sporting profuse flowers that sit
well above the foliage. Growing
18” to 24” high and wide, its
compact habit makes it an ideal
choice for smaller gardens and in
containers. Drought tolerant, it
also works well for erosion control,
as well as for mass plantings in
wet-dry areas as it is tolerant of
periodic wet feet. Suitable for
USDA Zones 8–11.
Vertical Inspiration
In her latest book, Grow a Living Wall:
Create Vertical Gardens with Purpose,
author Shawna Coronado makes the
case that vertical gardening is a
beautiful, practical, and
environmentally sound choice for small
gardens. In addition to explaining the
basics of living walls, the book contains
ideas for over 20 themed gardens such
as attracting pollinators, herbs for
cocktails, or therapeutic plants.
Accompanied by photos, plant lists,
and step-by-step instructions, the book
will appeal to those looking for specific
small-space solutions.
>>Get the book! Click here
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Washington Chapter
Show Garden Honored
“Over the Moon,” the display garden created by the APLD Washington Chapter
for the Northwest Flower and Garden Show, was the winner of the prestigious
Founder’s Cup in February. Led by designers Susie Thompson, APLD, Lisa
Bauer and Katie Weber, the creators were inspired by the show’s theme of
“Romance Blossoms.” A highlight of the garden was the 7-foot diameter full
moon lit from behind and a Scandinavian lusthus surrounded by lush plantings.
“‘Over The Moon’ won,” shares show judge, garden designer, and T.V.
personality Troy Marden, “because it brought every element of a great show
garden together: great design, superb plantsmanship, artistry, and exceptional
attention to detail. Every garden in this year’s show had moments of brilliance
and every team pulled out all the stops, but for this year’s judges, it was ‘Over
The Moon’ that exemplified the very best of what a show garden truly is.”
PH OTO BY PAU L G IB B O NS
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designroundup
APLD Unveils
Product of the Year
The Product of the Year program is an
opportunity to showcase design-worthy
outdoor products. Nominations come
from APLD members across the
country, and are then voted on by
certified members. This year’s winner is
Barn Plank Landscape Tiles from Silver
Creek Stoneworks. Barn Plank has the
look of weathered pine, but is made
from wet-cast concrete so it will never
rot, warp, splinter, or crack, and requires
no staining or sealing.
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proplantpicks
USDA HARDINESS
ZONES: 5–9
SIZE: 4–6” H x 12–24” W
CULTURAL
REQUIREMENTS:
Sun to part shade, low
water, well-draining soil.
Tina Henricksen is a garden designer
based in the Sacramento region. She
enjoys working with her clients to create
high impact, low-water landscapes
that are sustainable for the area and
ecologically responsible.
PHOTOGR A PHS A N D DESI GN BY TI N A HEN R I CKSEN
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PLANTS FOR SMALL SPACES WEST
Thyme
Thymus spp.
BY TINA
HENRICKSEN
I
garden in sunny, dry California where water (or
the lack of it) is on everyone’s mind and water-wise planting design is a must. I specialize
in small spaces, including borders, entryways, rock gardens,
and containers—spots that need
small plants that stay within
their boundaries, behave well
Thymus vulgaris 'Silver Posie'
with others, and possess multiple
seasonal attributes. Every inch of space counts. Low-growing thyme cultivars
fill the need and bring a luminous quality to each of my planting schemes.
Thymus
praecox
'Highland
Cream'
Native to the Mediterranean region, these compact evergreen groundcovers have small, aromatic leaves in an array of colors, from variegated to
blue-green/gray. They provide a soft texture in the garden, and are easily
maintained by occasional trimming. Thyme performs best in full sun and is
happy with low-water once established. In late spring and early summer, it
is adorned with tiny pink flowers that attract bees and butterflies. In cooler
weather, the foliage takes on a burgundy cast.
There are many ornamental cultivars to choose from. A few of my favorites
include Thymus vulgaris ‘Silver Posie’, growing to 6” tall and up to 24” wide,
and sporting pure white margins around each tiny leaf, and Thymus praecox ‘Highland Cream’, which grows to 4” tall and 12” wide and has lovely
creamy-variegated foliage. Another choice is wooly thyme (Thymus pseudolanuginosus), which forms a low, lush mat of soft foliage that creeps between
stepping-stones and will tolerate occasional foot traffic.
Thymus spp. is wonderfully adaptable to various landscape situations, and
is just as much at-home in a billowy cottage garden as in a clipped formal
landscape. It mixes well with medium-sized perennials such as ‘Silver Carpet’ lambs’ ears (Stachys byzantina ‘Silver Carpet’), ‘Helena’s Blush’ spurge
(Euphorbia ‘Helena’s Blush’), and ‘May Night’ salvia (Salvia x sylvestris ‘May
Night’). Its delicate texture is also a nice complement to many succulents and
ornamental grasses.
❧
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PLANTS FOR SMALL SPACES
MIDWEST
Blue Angel
White Pine
Pinus parviflora ‘Blue Angel’
I
BY JUDY NAUSEEF, FAPLD, ICNP
n small spaces, shrubs often grow too large and require
too much maintenance over time. I have found that dwarf
conifers serve the role of providing structure, year-round
interest, and color to the garden here in the Midwest, where they
successfully stand up to low winter temperatures and strong winter
and summer winds.
Their slow growth, richly colored needles, and subtle shape changes
as they mature give a garden a sense of both the past and future.
They allow the designer to add garden art and exotic and native
plants for a garden of many shades, from bright to dark. Although
often used as specimen plants, they enhance a garden when planted
as a group. Dwarf conifers add clear shapes in wonderful greens and
blues to support more unrestrained perennials.
Dwarf conifers from different nurseries have varying form and
needle color. My ‘Blue Angel’ white pine (Pinus parviflora ‘Blue Angel’) is a Monrovia plant and shows a more green than blue needle.
It will be upright, but has a nice soft, rounding shape. I will do some
thoughtful pruning in the future to reduce the height and keep the
shape. Here, in the early summer garden, tones are understated and
the dwarf pine sets the mood. It shares the scene with ‘Tompa’ Norway spruce (Picea abies ‘Tompa’), a dwarf upright Norway spruce
(Picea abies) and Green Mountain boxwood (Buxus sempervirens
‘Green Mountain’). The succulent leaves of the groundcover plants,
Angelina stonecrop (Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’), echo the arrangement of the spruce needles.
❧
USDA HARDINESS ZONES: 4–9
SIZE: 7–8’ H x 3–4’ W
CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS:
Full sun. Once established, needs only
occasional watering.
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PHOTOGR A PH A N D DESIGN
BY J UDY N AUSEEF
proplantpicks
Judy Nauseef, FAPLD, is an award-winning landscape designer
and a garden writer. She owns her own business, Judy Nauseef
Landscape Design, in Iowa City, Iowa, where she designs and
manages installations of primarily residential landscapes. She
writes for Iowa Gardener magazine and will have a book, Using
Native Plants in Gardens in the Upper Midwest, published by the
University of Iowa Press in spring 2016.
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proplantpicks
PLANTS FOR SMALL SPACES NORTHEAST
Bear’s Foot Hellebore
Helleborus foetidus
BY JANE BERGER, FAPLD
W
e designers all have favorite plants that we use again and again, and the one
plant that goes in all of my clients’ gardens is Helleborus foetidus, commonly
known as stinking hellebore or bear’s foot hellebore. I particularly like it because it’s a four-season plant that slowly seeds around and beautifully inhabits bare areas where
few other plants will grow. It heralds spring with clusters of nodding pale green flowers that are
among the first to appear after winter’s cold frosts and bitter winds, and the long-lasting blooms
hang on for a few more months. Its narrow, dark green, deeply lobed foliage is attractive year
round, and it makes a truly gorgeous groundcover. If the leaves are bruised, the plant is said to
release a pungent odor, but I’ve had it in my own garden for years and have never noticed an unpleasant aroma.
The straight species combines well with large-leaved hostas of a different color (gold or blue),
and there are several attractive cultivars. ‘Gold Bullion’ has dramatic, golden-yellow young foliage.
‘Piccadilly’ and ‘Sienna’ have very dark green, blackish leaves, and ‘Red Silver Strain’ has foliage
with a silvery cast and chartreuse flowers with a reddish-purple rim. If you leave on the seedheads until early summer, you’ll assure seed dispersal and many more plants. In harsh winters,
cover bear’s foot hellebore with evergreen boughs to make sure it survives.
Another great plus—deer won’t touch it!
❧
USDA HARDINESS ZONES: 5–9
SIZE: 12–14” H x 12–18” W
CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS: Part to full shade.
Prefers organic-rich, moist, well-drained soil.
Tolerant of drought and heavy clay soils.
Jane Berger, FAPLD, has been designing gardens for
the past 20 years and writing about them even longer,
for Landscape Architecture Magazine, The American
Gardener, The Associated Press, and others. After a career as a radio news correspondent in Washington DC,
Jane graduated from the Landscape Design Program
at George Washington University. She served on the
Board of Directors at APLD as Communications Chair
and was editor of The Designer from 2009 to 2013.
PH OTO G R A P H A N D D ES IGN BY JANE BE RGE R
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PLANTS FOR SMALL SPACES
NORTHWEST
Sunshine Blue
Blueberry
Vaccinium ‘Sunshine Blue’
BY KATIE WEBER
I
n urban homes of the Pacific Northwest, there is often very
little space to garden. And just as often, we have a long list
of programs that we hope to accomplish in these tiny areas.
Small-space garden design requires that plants do double duty, filling two (or more!) needs with one plant choice. Vaccinium ‘Sunshine
Blue’ does just that. This semi-evergreen blueberry mixes beautifully
into full-sun zones as an ornamental and also provides a deliciously
edible harvest come mid-July. April’s flush of pink bell-shaped flowers and the blue-green leaves that remain on the shrub throughout
the winter solidify this blueberry’s status as a year-round workhorse
worthy of a spot in your next planting plan.
‘Sunshine Blue’ blueberry is self-pollinating and loves full-sun sites
with moist, well-drained soil. Watering regularly as rain slows keeps
fruit development healthy and growth vigorous. It will tolerate less
sun and water, but fruiting will not be as plentiful.
Its small stature works
well mixed with the broad,
strappy leaves of iris and
the fine textures of ornamental grasses. For a stunning combination, set it in
front of a dark backdrop
and add purple-leaved
Heuchera and hardy geraniums around the base.
Consider planting multiple
bushes and siting them in
front gardens along a public sidewalk as a wonderful way to help create community with the neighbors. In spite of being self-pollinating,
blueberry bushes are more productive when grown in multiples and
you’re sure to find you’ll never have too many blueberries.
❧
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USDA HARDINESS
ZONES: 5–10
SIZE: 3–4’ H x 3–4’ W
CULTURAL
REQUIREMENTS:
Best fruiting happens
with full sun and moist,
well-drained soil.
proplantpicks
PHOTOGR A PHS BY KATI E WEB ER
Katie Weber is owner/designer/wearer-ofall-hats at Katie Weber Landscape Design
of Seattle, WA. Practicing since 2004,
Katie strives to create beautiful, unique,
and enjoyable four-season garden spaces
for Seattle and the Puget Sound’s urban
residents. Sometimes she remembers to
tell you about it here.
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bookreview
Great
Garden
Design
BY LUCY VAN LIEW
I
n Great Garden Design: Contemporary Inspiration
for Outdoor Space (Frances Lincoln, 2015), author
Ian Hodgson breaks down the key elements of
contemporary garden design, using examples from
members of the UK Society of Garden Designers to
illustrate important ideas and themes.
The book’s first section outlines and describes major
contemporary garden styles, from formal, urban chic,
and cottage, to naturalistic and exotic. Within the descriptions of each is a brief history of how the style evolved,
such as the roots of
formal garden design
lying in 17th century
French and Italian gardens. It goes on to
break down the important elements of each
style, using case studies for illustration.
The second portion of the book is a gallery of
garden features such as paths, walls, terraces,
water, gates and entrances, architectural and
ornamental ideas, and lighting. This is
followed by a more detailed analysis of plant>>Get the book! Click here to
view on Amazon
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ings that complement the garden styles, focusing on what
plants to use to achieve the look. Outdoor experiences such
as relaxing, dining, playing, and bathing are then addressed
with imaginative and varied examples. Following this is
a timely section on gardening with a conscience, which
touches on such issues as sustainability, green technologies,
water management, and wildlife, and school, hospice, and
community gardens.
Great Garden Design is primarily aimed at helping the
garden owner find their style and make the many
The centerpiece
of a period formal
garden, this sunken
water feature acts
as a focal point, its
mirrored surface
reflecting the everchanging sky.
DESI GN BY A MA NDA PAT TON
➸
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bookreview
decisions needed to create a lovely and functional garden,
with or without the help of a designer. It is illustrated with
beautiful and annotated pictures pointing out the key
features of the gardens in question, but does not get too
detailed about the mechanics of how to achieve these.
I can see using this book with clients to both inspire and
clarify their preferences. Even though most of the designers and gardens credited are UK based, the wide variety
of planting and styles shown make this equally applicable
to the USA.
❧
A L L PH OTO G R A P H S A RE FRO M GREAT GARDEN DESI GN A N D R EPR ODUCED WI TH
PE R MISS IO N O F T H E P U BLIS H E R, FRANCIS LINCO LN LI MI TED, 201 5.
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A gallery of rusted
Corten steel panels,
softened by foliage
spilling through
them, forms screens
to divide up the
garden space.
DESI GN BY
SA R A JA N E R OTHWEL L
3425 HARVESTER RD
MAPLE LANE, ON
HAYDEN RESIDENCE
Drawing courtesy of Cedar Springs Landscape Group
Spectacular
information-rich
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designs
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beautifully DynaSCAPE transforms your
drawings, you’ll wonder how you ever
presented projects without it.
dynascape.com
1.800.710.1900
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designlesson
Kitchen
Garden
Design
|
29
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PHOTOGR A PH BY N
A N CY ST EI N ER
designlesson
RE
O
F
E
B
S
BY LESLIE NEEDHAM
ometimes a garden can pop up in the
most unusual spot. Such is the case of
this vegetable garden, which literally
grows out of a gravel driveway.
It helps a client to
imagine a garden
space when a few
props are laid out
prior to installation.
Tuteurs and pots
demonstrate how
a garden would fill
the former driveway.
I was invited to walk a property with a client who
wanted a vegetable garden. The charge was to
build a country garden enclosed from the deer and
large enough to provide veggies and greens for her family of seven.
In wrapping up the walk, we ended up chatting on the driveway. Bingo! The
car park next to the garage offered all that we needed: eight hours of sun,
easy access to the kitchen, an accessible water source, plus a place to stash
the garden tools and the wheelbarrow.
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The compact space combined with the demands of growing produce for
a large family required that the design be extremely efficient and well organized. In addition, the location directly across from the primary house
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A
FT
ER
entrance meant that it must look great all year round. While efficient “form
and function” are key to a garden of any size, it is crucial in a small space.
Repetition of Shape and Size Adds Impact
The front raised beds are all 5’ x 7’ in size and are sited as three pairs of two
evenly spaced, raised beds. Behind the garage is another set of three raised
beds, each 7’ square and again evenly spaced. This consistency in size, repetition, and rhythm keeps things looking orderly in the height of the season,
plus provides form and structure when the garden is empty in the off-season. A simple and edited underlying design creates order in a small space.
Repetition gives it punch.
Thoughtful Building Materials and Details
Relate a Small Garden to the Larger Setting
While small in size, this garden is very visible from the house (and most
of the property), so it must integrate with the immediate site and the
➸
P H OTO G R A P H S BY LE S LIE NE ED H AM
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larger landscape. This was accomplished by using the
A bench offers
an opportunity
same construction materials as the driveway: gravel,
to sit and savor
stone, and bluestone edging to form the raised beds.
the beauty of the
The low stonewall, which we built to create an envegetable garden.
trance from the driveway, ties into the many stonewalls
throughout the property. This use of stone offers a real
bonus for a vegetable garden: gravel serves as a deterrent to pesky rabbits
and deer; bluestone on edge provides good soil depth and drainage for the
raised beds (all impervious driveway material below the beds was removed
and a gravel base of 2” was added); heat-absorbing stone and siting between the garage and the existing tall retaining wall creates a microclimate
that extends the vegetable growing season.
Large-Scale Accessories
Work in a Small Garden
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A small space does not mean that everything has to be diminutive. In this
garden we used a series of larger wire spheres and tuteurs to create structure and architecture. These architectural forms are great for climbing bean
vines and rambling cherry tomatoes—taking advantage of vertical growth
is key in a small vegetable garden—plus they bring structure and visual inapld.org
PHOTOGR A PH BY LESL IE N EEDHA M
designlesson
terest to the dormant winter garden. While playing with scale in this way, it
is crucial to make sure that things don’t get too heavy handed. We used wire
and light twig structures rather than heavy timber or stone so that there is
air and movement in the garden. A collection of hand-thrown Ben Wolff terracotta pots are also moved around to create little vignettes of flowers and
herbs in bloom.
A Place to Sit Makes a Small Garden Feel
Like a Destination
A wooden bench is sited inside the garden and faces the house, making a
welcome invitation to linger. The early morning and dusk hours are a great
time in a garden and it is nice to have a perch on which to savor it; after all,
you don’t always have to be working in the garden! Furniture in a small garden makes it feel like a room and not just a tight spot to pass through.
❧
LESLIE’S
PICKS FOR
ACCESSORIES
Battle Hill Forge
One of my favorite “tricks”
is to give architecture and
structure to my gardens
with built pieces (as well as
plants!).
Ben Wolff Pottery
I love working with artisans
who still make things by
hand. These handmade
pots are a special touch for
any garden.
Pea blossoms
are bountiful
in the garden
PHOTOGR A PH BY N A N CY STEI N ER
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design101
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This light and airy
structure is enough
to give the illusion
of privacy.
Small-Space
Strategies
➸
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W
BY REBECCA SWEET
hile I have nothing against large, meandering gardens, there’s something magical
about creating a jewel box effect in a small
space. You might assume designing a small garden is inherently easier—after all, there’s less to think about—but the reality is that every element needs to count: the flow, the plant choices, the artwork,
and more. Whether it’s a courtyard, side yard, or a skinny, awkward
space, here are some of my most frequently used design strategies.
DESI GN A N D PHOTOGR A PHS BY R EB ECCA SWEET
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In addition to providing evergreen screening,
Pyracantha anchored on
a trellis adds multi-season interest in the form
of flowers and berries.
design101
The Plea for Privacy
If the owner of a small garden contacts you for a design, I can
almost guarantee that creating privacy will be the number one
priority. Since the dimensions of many trees are simply too large to
fit, homeowners feel they’ll forever have to stare at their neighbor’s
roofline or the side of an outdoor wall. And heaven forbid when a
two-story home is built next to a single-story!
Identifying appropriate trees can be challenging as typically narrow
dimensions—not to mention homeowners association rules—often
restrict how close to the property line trees may be planted. In addition to choosing evergreen varieties for year-round screening, desirable characteristics I look for include tight branching structure and
a narrow profile. My favorites include the stanThe fountain is
dard forms of Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus
appreciated by
caroliniana ‘Compakta’), “Little Gem’ magnolia
homeowners and
(Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’) and hopseed
hummingbirds
alike.
bush (Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’).
Trees, however, aren’t
the only screening solution for these skinny
spaces; one of my go-to strategies
is to build a narrow trellis, either
along the fence line or attached
directly to the fence. But privacy
screening shouldn’t be just about
what you block; it should also be
about what you create to be enjoyed inside the garden. I like to
use a combination of evergreen
vines and espaliered shrubs with
different flowering times to
➸
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Pink jasmine
beginning its
spring show in
this garden’s
side yard.
create several weeks of interest. One of my favorite combinations is an espaliered firethorn (Pyrancantha coccinea) planted near an evergreen bower
vine (Pandorea jasminoides ‘Lady Di’). The seasonal interest Pyracantha
provides—with spring’s cascading white flowers and red, ripe berries in
the fall—is breathtaking next to the dark green, shiny leaves and crisp,
white summer flowers of the bower vine.
And last but not least, privacy screening around a garden’s entire perimeter isn’t always practical or even necessary. Sometimes all that’s needed is
to redirect the line of sight. A vertical element like a simple, airy structure
won’t overwhelm a small space, and will help keep attention focused on the
garden, instead of on the landscape beyond.
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design101
Getting More from Less
To maximize a small space, every element needs to be thoroughly considered.
Plants, trellises, seating, and structures all need to serve double (sometimes
triple) duty.
Seating areas, for example, are more challenging to create in small spaces than
they are in larger gardens. One of my strategies to overcome this is to create
a seating wall. A low wall will not only help to add year-round visual interest
to an often lack-luster area, but will take up less space than a traditional table
with chairs. Even if there’s room for a table, the wall is a welcome addition
when extra seating is required. And when not in use, it becomes an ideal place
to showcase meaningful art.
I view vertical spaces such as fences, walls, and
chimneys as blank canvases waiting for the op
portunity to add pizzazz to a garden. By using a
combination of vines, skinny plants, and decorative art, I can transform these often-ignored spaces into focal points in the garden. For the biggest
bang for the buck, I look for vines
with staggered bloom times. One
of my favorite three-plant combinations is pink jasmine (Jasminum
polyanthum) planted near a star
jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) and chocolate vine (Akebia
quinata). The pink jasmine and
chocolate vine bloom first, followed by a spectacular show from
the nearby star jasmine, providing six to eight weeks of delightful
fragrance.
With just six inches
of planting space at its
base, this fence supports
tall, narrow plants, vines
and the occasional piece
of art, creating
a focal point for this
skinny side-yard.
Window boxes are another opportunity to spruce up a blank and
un-used wall, as well as a chance
to bring the garden “indoors.” ➸
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design101
Window boxes provides yet
another place to garden,
enlivening a blank (and hot) wall.
To take advantage of the water that drains from the bottom, I’ll plant smaller
shrubs directly under the window box or place a grouping of containers to
catch any run-off.
Movement, Sound, and Life
Designing a small space doesn’t mean sacrificing the complex layers that a
larger garden might contain. In my book, Refresh Your Garden Design with
Color, Texture and Form, one of the things I discuss are texture’s various roles in
the garden. In small spaces I find it is more about choosing plants to be admired up close versus using plants to create a tapestry when viewed from afar.
Fine and delicate textures that can easily become lost in larger landscapes often
become the stars of a small garden. The allure ‘Sea Foam’ artemisia (Artemisia
versicolor ‘Sea Foam’), for example, would have in a courtyard setting would be
lost placed farther back in a larger garden. Other good textural plants that ➸
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design101
benefit from up-close scrutiny include trembling brake fern (Pteris tremula),
Carex ‘Everillo’ (Carex oshimensis ‘Everillo’) and Western columbine (Aquilegia
formosa).
Include motion in a small garden, and you’ll often experience sound at the same
time—another subtle element better appreciated in intimate spaces. The sound
of an ornamental grass’s fine and wispy textures gently swaying on a breezy
day, for example, or the trickle of water from a fountain or the gentle tones of a
wind-chime all introduce welcome sound and movement.
When a garden overflows with layers such as these you can be sure the final
layer will arrive—life. Tall and airy abutilons and running water in a fountain
bring hummingbirds by the dozen. Butterflies, bees, and native pollinators will
show up when your vines are in bloom.
I’m sure you see why I get excited when a client wants design help for a courtyard or other small space. When done right, it’s magical to see a ho-hum space
transformed into a jewel-box retreat.
❧
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FOR
D E S I G N | P R O D U C T S | M AT E R I A L S | AVA I L A B I L I T Y
Planters
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•
Fountains
•
Tables
•
Benches
•
Pottery
•
Accents
Beautiful spaces. Intelligent design. Experienced professionals.
We define landscape design!
Find YOUR landscape designer at www.apld.org.
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travelinspiration
Belgium
WINTER LESSONS
FOR SUMMER GARDENS
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(Left) Salvaged limestone steps in front of a beech hedge sit on permeable pavers, allowing heavy deliveries
to occur when necessary in a contemporary warehouse district. (Above) Pollarded street trees in Brugges.
PHOTOGR A PHS BY SU SA N COHA N
travelinspiration
BY SUSAN COHAN, APLD
W
hen I first
became a
landscape
designer,
I didn’t realize that the
prime travel months of late
spring and summer would
become impossible for me.
In my four-season region,
those months are ones of
intensive and demanding
work that can’t be left for
several weeks of vacation.
So I go in January and February, and not necessarily to someplace warm. In
fact, for the past two years
I’ve gone to France and
Belgium in what is arguably their coldest winter weather—hovering around freezing, very grey, and
likely to rain. It isn’t what most would consider prime garden visiting weather,
but as a landscape designer, seeing gardens in winter without bloom and foliage is all about understanding the underlying structure of a space.
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This past winter I hosted ten designers in search of antiques and vintage
garden items on a trip to France and Belgium. The lessons learned on the
much too-quick trip through rainy Flemish Belgium are still, months later,
informing my thoughts on using plants as a way to create spatial relationships
and winter color. With land at a premium, artful and considered use of the
vertical plane can be seen everywhere, from public plazas to intimate
suburban yards. Espaliered and pollarded trees, layered evergreen and
deciduous hedging combine to create architectural interest in these gardens.
Long after the flowers have faded and the leaves have fallen, they are still
compelling and interesting—even in the flat, grey winter light and drizzle.
On the rare sunny day, these gardens extend to the ground plane through
the long, dramatic shadows typical of the season.
➸
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(Left) A double row of boxwood spheres adjacent to a salvaged colonnade. (Above) Espaliered trees and
geometric hedges define a small public plaza in Brugges, the oldest city in Belgium.
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travelinspiration
Using just a few plants
in limited spaces such
as courtyards or along
perimeter fencing, the
planting design is expert
and highly considered.
The skeletal structures
of espaliered and pollarded trees allude to
the privacy and enclosure they create when
fully leafed out. In these
semi-enclosed or perimeter spaces the use
of espalier, both tall and
short, is common. They
Tall espalier with a low beech hedge hides a truck
are skillfully maintained
entrance in a contemporary warehouse district.
in a way that signals patience and the long view
of a garden—not just a quick unskilled trim that is so typical in the U.S. Yews,
boxwood varieties, and laurels form dense evergreen backdrops of
varying heights and differentiating layers. Beech hedging with tan winter
leaves (which could be red or green in summer) that are held throughout
winter is not only used for mass and volume, but also as a buff-colored
counterpoint to more evergreen cousins.
➸
READ MORE
■ The Art of Creative Pruning By Jake Hobson
■ The Wirtz Private Garden By Tania Compton
■ American Horticultural Society Pruning and Training
By Christopher Brickell
➸ Click name to go to website
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M
any look at pollarded trees and see a tortured plant and lack
of habitat, when in fact they create habitat. Pollarded trees
live longer than those that remain unpruned. The practice
can multiply the range of niches that increase value to wildlife for both feeding and nesting. Any woody plant can be coppiced or stooped
or pollarded to create these dense habitats of new growth. Studies have shown
that places with high concentrations of old pollards have been found to have
the highest levels of biodiversity in Europe.
There are also those who consider these types of plants as old fashioned, yet
in context they look contemporary and clean. They are not low maintenance,
but with knowledgeable pruning, the hedges require trimming only twice each
year, making them much less time consuming than most herbaceous plantings.
It is difficult to create ‘instant’ landscapes using these concepts. Unfortunately,
in the U.S. the lack of available plants in trainable sizes and the need for annual
and ongoing skilled maintenance makes this design idea difficult to accomplish
in our mow-and-blow environment.
❧
Garden Travel
by Design
Discover influential designers, explore trends in contemporary design,
and enjoy the spirited company of other garden enthusiasts.
Upcoming Tours:
A Designer’s Tour of
Contemporary English Gardens
August 11 -19, 2015
Piet Oudolf & Dutch Wave Gardens
September 17-24, 2015
Hosted by Carolyn Mullet
carexdesign.com/tours
10% off all 2015 bookings for fellow APLD members!
interview
Container
Garden Design
BY KELLY KILPATRICK
Helen Weis, owner of Unique by Design, located in Oklahoma City, is
known for creating fantastic container plantings, bursting with energy
and lushness. Her plantings span the seasons and create fun focal points
in the garden throughout the year. I was able to sit down with Helen and
ask her how she maintains the seasonality of her containers, tips for plant
combinations, and what makes her container plantings looking so unique.
K.K.: How do you incorporate seasonality
into your container plantings? H.W.: This is an area where I really strive for uniqueness
and have the most fun “playing.” Natural branches and
large sugar pine cones with fresh local evergreens can
make an impressive winter display. The selections of cabbage and kale alone will send my mind racing with possibilities for the fall. Cabbages are so easy to use in containers and we can leave them in all winter for blooming
come spring. Summer, for me, is all about color and composition because it is our longest season. It’s all about incorporating the things that move you or that you admire
about the season, whichever season you may be in. Each container is specifically designed according to its
surroundings and placement. Containers around a pool
are not necessarily performing a function; their sole ➸
PHOTOGR A PHS A N D DESI GN S BY H EL EN WEIS
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Symmetry of pots
keeps exuberant
plantings looking
appropriately
formal.
Repetition of color—
in this case, silver—
pulls together the
variety of plantings
in this container.
Summer
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apld.org
interview
purpose is to please the eye. That is the intention I hold on to when designing
any kind of backdrop container. Therefore, you will often find me complementing the outdoor furnishings, a great piece of art, or drifts of the landscape.
K.K.: I really enjoy the non-plant elements you include in your
containers, such as sculpture, lighting, and gourds. Can you
explain how you strike a balance between plantings and accents? H.W.: Non-plant elements are a great way to add structure, whimsy, or seasonal
gifts to any container design. Topiary forms add structure and height to a container without using a centerpiece. Adding lighting to a topiary form brings interest
to the container in the evening hours when it may otherwise disappear into the
shadows. Placing specialty pumpkins and/or gourds into a design give it that flare
of the autumn season bounty. The same is true with branches and pinecones in
winter. It is an opportunity to celebrate the season and welcome it into your space.
K.K.: I love how you use cut foliage in some of your containers.
Do you have tips for keeping the cut material fresh?
H.W.: We do use many cuttings from the landscape such as natural branches
and fresh-cut evergreen. In most cases we will insert these directly into the
soil of the container. The branches dry out on their
own and can then be repurposed. In years where
the winter is very dry or very warm we will put wet
foam on top of the soil and insert the fresh cuts of
evergreen into this. For the most part, the cool and
wet temps that we usually have become a satisfactory environment and they remain looking good until
it warms up again.
K.K.: You use many different plants to
create textural variety in each pot.
Do you have guidelines for how many
different kinds of plants to use?
H.W.: To me, texture is every bit as important as
color. I want people to really get up close to the
container and inspect it, to find curiosity and ➸
Designer Helen Weis finds
inspiration during a trip to
Flora Grubb Gardens in San
Francisco.
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53
interview
create conversation. I try not to use more than two different dominant textures
in a container. If I find a great centerpiece that has a showy texture, I will equal
the texture on the bottom but use a softer one. And vice versa, if I find a great
spiller with showy texture I will feature it below and keep the texture up top
much softer. K.K.: Do you plan out each container beforehand or do you select
material and just play with the organization? H.W.: I will actually do both depending on the client or space. If I know it will be
a semi-permanent installation that only needs surround plantings, I will plan it
out ahead of time. Usually, I am going after style so it does not matter if I am doing
tropicals around a pool or all pastels in a courtyard. It is more than likely that I will
be designing the container mentally while I am at the nursery, selecting from what
is available. Many times I will spot something I want to create a container around
and I will go ahead and get it, even if I don’t yet have the container—or even the
client—for it. Of course it is necessary to have a fundamental knowledge of the
plants you are working with in order to do this, but anyone with a basic knowledge of sun vs. shade can be creative with their containers and, as the saying goes,
“practice makes perfect.” Plant inventory is such a fluid and ever-changing thing
that you really have no choice but to create as you go from what is available in that
season. It is possible to stick with one style and do it many different ways, year
after year. To me, that is the whole joy of container design. K.K.: How do you keep the variety of plants looking cohesive
rather than “too much”?
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H.W.: You never want to overwhelm the eye. Too much color or too much
texture and one will glance momentarily and immediately love or detest it.
My personal design rule is make your centerpiece grand, no matter the plant.
Height is a very important part of container design. I have never been a fan of
putting something short in a tall pot. It looks off and the perspective is never
quite right. If you do this in a large open area it is going to look stunted. To create the harmony you need, one must use a centerpiece that is equally as tall
as the container itself. And symmetry is very important and easy to achieve in
container plantings. For formal containers, use only three types of plants – the
centerpiece, the filler, and the spiller. One filler and one spiller can be planted
all the way around the centerpiece. For a less formal container, have fun with it
and use several different plants, but keep the texture minimal. If I have a ➸
apld.org
Architectural,
evergreen
centerpieces create
the backdrop for
more colorful,
seasonal plantings.
Fall
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Greenery and
branches can
be creatively
combined in pots
during the colder
months when
tender plantings
are not an option.
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Winter
interview
client who loves purple, I will grace the pot with four different shades of purple
rather than simply sticking a single purple plant in the pot or making the entire
pot purple. Container design is very much like art: you want to create that harmony of texture and color that brings the turn of the head—that second look,
that moment needed to scan each plant. K.K.: How often do you generally change out your container
plantings? And is this driven by seasonal temperature changes
or simply to keep things fresh? H.W.: We change out our containers three times per year. Our spring is very
short here so we plant in spring for summer. We update them again in fall and
winter. For clients who do not want to replace the entire container we install a
semi-permanent centerpiece plant such as a topiary or evergreen and change
out the surrounding plantings seasonally. Because we have so many seasons
and we maintain all of our plantings, we really never need to change them out
to simply keep things fresh. K.K.: Do you have a favorite shape, size, or color of container to
work with?
H.W.: I don’t necessarily have a favorite shape: it’s really more about function
for me. I will say, I never use a narrow-opened container as they are far too
hard to clean out at the end of the season. Due to the heat here I always go for
deep or wide. And there is something to be said for girth—not necessarily because you need that much root zone, but you want the container large enough
so that it will hold moisture in the soil throughout the day. You never want to
use a container that is shallow or excessively breathable in this area because
it will dry out quickly. Hanging baskets lined with moss or terracotta pots will
not make it when the heat is high. Metal and concrete will get very hot in high
temps. This limits selection, but you can get just as creative and stylish with
other options. It is also important to avoid containers that are too large or small
for the space. It will either come out looking dwarfed or overly ostentatious.
We all know 3’s and 5’s are what please the eye, but if putting containers in an
entryway, my suggestion is to stick to even numbers. Two or four will give you
that unspoken formality that every entrance deserves. Keeping the containers
equivalent to the grandness of the entry or home occurs when the containers
are structured properly, not when they are planted. If you are planting a container that is beautiful on its own or that screams with color, keep the
➸
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57
interview
Earth-toned
containers allow
plantings to take
center stage.
planting minimal and simple
so that the container continues
to be the focal point. If you
want the plantings to stand
out, use dark, earth-toned
containers and allow them to
become the background for the
planting. Doing both at once is
far too much and becomes
overwhelming.
K.K.: What kind of
maintenance do you
recommend for your
containers? H.W.: For successful annual containers, maintenance is always
the key. Let’s be honest, plants
can be impertinent, aggressive,
and are always trying to steal
the stage. We prune our containers back twice a month and use
a soluble fertilizer as needed.
Keeping the container pruned on
a regular basis ensures the cohesive growth of each plant into one dynamic display. Left to their own devices, one
or two plants will usually take over and choke out the others. Therefore, we force
them to play nicely together and in return they put on a show for the season.
K.K.: Are you looking forward to trying any new plants or
concepts this spring and summer?
H.W.: I am always, always looking forward to the new season and trying out
new things. I both create and gather concepts and ideas throughout the year
and utilize them in the coming seasons. As Vita Sackville-West so eloquently
put it, “The most noteworthy thing about gardeners is that they are always optimistic, always enterprising and never satisfied. They always look forward to
doing something better than they have ever done before.”
❧
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59
2015 board of directors
PRESIDENT
Colleen Hamilton, APLD
Bloomin' Landscape Designs
7122 Willey Way
Carmichael, CA 95608
(916) 961-0191
PRESIDENT-ELECT
Lisa Port, APLD
Banyon Tree Design Studio
3630 Northeast 123rd Street
Seattle, WA 98125
(206) 383-5572
SECRETARY/TREASURER
Jock Lewendon, APLD
Outdoor Living Spaces, LLC
766 Schoolhouse Lane
Bound Brook, NJ 08805
(732) 302-9632
IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT
Susan Cohan,, APLD
Susan Cohan Gardens, LLC
69 Hedges Avenue
Chatham, NJ 07928
(973) 665-9260
ADVOCACY DIRECTOR
Richard Rosiello
Rosiello Designs &
Meadowbrook Gardens
159 Grove Street
New Milford, CT 06776
(860) 488-6507
CERTIFICATION CHAIR
Maryanne Quincy, APLD
Q Gardens
PO Box 2746
Sunnyvale, CA 94087
(408) 739-5493
COMMUNICATIONS
& OUTREACH CHAIR
Vanessa Gardner Nagel,
APLD, NCIDQ
Seasons Garden Design LLC
12517 Northeast 20th Avenue
Vancouver, WA 98686
(360) 546-2746
EDUCATION CHAIR
Ellen Johnston, APLD
ETJ Designs
5543 Wateka Drive
Dallas, TX 75209
(469) 628-3321
GOVERNANCE CHAIR
Eric Gilbey
7150 Riverwood Drive
Columbia, MD 21046
(443) 542-0658
CONNECT
WITH US!
MEMBERSHIP CHAIR
Tina Nyce, FAPLD
Nyce Gardens
20521 NE 34th Place
Sammamish, WA 98074
(425) 533-4292
RESOURCE DIRECTOR
Joe Salemi
DynaSCAPE Software
3426 Harvester Road
Burlington, ON L7N3N1
(800) 710-1900
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The Designer is an official publication and member service of the Association of Professional Landscape
Designers (APLD), 2207 Forest Hills Drive, Harrisburg, PA 17112. Ph: 717-238-9780 Fax: 717-238-9985.
Disclaimer: Mention of commercial products in this publication is solely for information purposes;
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APLD is not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. All printed articles
become the copyright of APLD.
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thedesıgner
wants you!
The only magazine written by designers for designers,
The Designer is looking for talented members like you to
share your stories, teach new techniques, and inspire with
your designs.
calling
all
writers
All submissions from APLD members are considered, but The Designer
is particularly interested in articles that fit the issue’s editorial theme
or are appropriate for one of the magazine’s recurring features, such as
“Pro Plant Picks,” or regular columns spotlighting technology or business
strategies.
Learn more about the submissions process and view the 2015
editorial calendar here.
Not sure if your story is a good fit? Editor in Chief Susan Morrison is
happy to discuss your idea with you. Reach her at [email protected].
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