Renaissance construction

ABPL 90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING
Renaissance construction
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Brunelleschi
San Antonio, Padua, 1232-1307
Heinrich Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Early Works and the
M di
l T diti (L d 1990) 138
Sagrestia
Vecchia, or Old
Sacristy of San
Lorenzo,
Florence, by
Filippo
Brunelleschi,
1421-8
Eugenio Battisti
Brunelleschi (London
1981), p 94
Old Sacristy of S Lorenzo, view of vault and dome
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94
Old Sacristy of
S Lorenzo
axonometric
view
Klotz, Filippo
Brunelleschi, pl VII
Pazzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi & Guiliano da Maiano, c
1443-9 & -1461: dome view & diagram
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94.view ; Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/14; RE20.33.64
Duomo, Florence
Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, 1296-1462
George Tibbits
Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, stages of construction
Miles Lewis, based on a drawing by G Rich, 1969, in F D Prager & Gustina Scaglia,
Brunelleschi: Studies of His Technology and Inventions, Cambridge [Massachusetts 1970), p 3
Duomo, Florence: the dome from above & below
Philip Goad; George Tibbits
Duomo,
Florence, model
of the dome
built by F
Gizdulich, 1995,
Istituto e Museo
di Storia della
Scienza,
Florence
Paolo Galluzzi,
Renaissance Engineers
from Brunelleschi to
Leonardo da Vinci
(Giunti, Florence 2001),
p 95
Duomo, Florence,
section of the dome
Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di
Santa Maria del Fiore ed il
mausoleo di Soltanieh’
Mitteilungen des
Kunsthistorischen Institutes in
Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), p 227
Duomo, Florence,
cutaway isometric
of dome
Rowland Mainstone,
‘Brunelleschi’s Dome
Revisited’, Construction
History, 24 (2009), p 19
the Oljeitu Mausoleum, Soltaniyeh, Iran, c 1310
Miles Lewis
the Oljeitu Mausoleum, drawing of the structure
courtesy Mohammad Reza Bazldjou
the structure of the cupola, based on georadar investigation
L Giorgi & P Matracchi, ‘New Studies on Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence’, in Dina D’Ayala & Enrico
Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction: Preserving Safety and Significance
[proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 2-4
July, Bath, United Kingdom] (2 vols, CRC Press, London 2008), I, p 194
the herringbone brickwork between the north and north-east segments
Giovanni Fanelli & Michele Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s Cupola: Past and present of an Architectural Masterpiece
(Mandragora, Florence 2004), p 190
Duomo, Florence, detail of the circle within the two shells & diagram of the
circle within the outer shell
King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 108
Duomo, Florence, brick rib construction
Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore ed il
mausoleo di Soltanieh’ Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen
Institutes in Florenz, XVI, 3 (1972), pp 257, 258
Sainte Chapelle, Paris, 1243-8
Miles Lewis
section of the
dome above the
second internal
ambulatory,
showing the
mattoni d’archo
and the
spinapesce bond
Rowland Mainstone,
‘Brunelleschi’s Dome
Revisited’, Construction
History, 24 (2009), p 34
Duomo, Florence: the sandstone chain; the stone armature of the dome
King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 73; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 141
Duomo,
Florence,
diagram of the
dome with the
location of the
chains
Giovanni Fanelli &
Michele Fanelli,
Brunelleschi’s Cupola:
Past and present of an
Architectural
Masterpiece
(Mandragora, Florence
2004), p 17
Duomo, Florence: the chains in the dome
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 137
detail of the first
macigno [stone]
chain
L Ippolito & C Peroni, La
Cupola di Santa Maria
del’ Fiore (NIS, Rome
1997), reproduced in
Fanelli, Brunelleschi’s
Cupola, p 182
Duomo,
Florence, timber
base chain
Piero Sanpaolesi, ‘La
cupola di Santa Maria
del Fiore ed il
mausoleo di
Soltanieh’
Mitteilungen des
Kunsthistorischen
Institutes in Florenz,
XVI, 3 (1972), p 251
Duomo, Florence
section of a
median vertical in
a segment of the
dome
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 144
the space
between the
inner and outer
shell with one
of the passages
through a spur
Giovanni Fanelli &
Michele Fanelli,
Brunelleschi’s Cupola:
Past and present of an
Architectural
Masterpiece
(Mandragora, Florence
2004), p 168
stairway
across the
upper part of
the dome,
connecting
the third and
fourth
walkways
Giovanni Fanelli &
Michele Fanelli,
Brunelleschi’s Cupola:
Past and present of an
Architectural
Masterpiece
(Mandragora, Florence
2004), p 169
Duomo, Florence, schematic
cross section of the dome
indicating, from archival
records the levels achieved
in the different building
campaigns
L Giorgi & P Matracchi, ‘New Studies
on Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence’, in
Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde [eds],
Structural Analysis of Historic
Construction: Preserving Safety and
Significance [proceedings of the Sixth
International Conference on Structural
Analysis of Historic Construction, 2-4
July, Bath, United Kingdom] (2 vols,
CRC Press, London 2008), I, p 191
Duomo, Florence,
reconstruction of
the loading
platform in place
and the ‘great
hoist’ and ‘great
crane’ in operation
at the level of the
the second
walkway
H Saalman, Filippo
Brunelleschi: the
Cupola of Santa Maria
del Fiore (Zwemmer,
London 1980)
Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36: Brunelleschi's
scaffolding as reported by Nelli, 1755
Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies, p 28
Duomo, Florence, plan of scaffolding holes
and reconstruction of working platform
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 123
Duomo,
Florence:
building the
ribs
Sanpaolesi,
‘Santa Maria del
Fiore ed
Soltanieh’, p 250
Duomo, Florence: conjectural reconstruction of the first stage of
construction, with scaffolding attached to the interior
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 139
Duomo, Florence, sections with
conjectural reconstruction of scaffolding
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 166
Duomo, Florence, plan
and section of
scaffolding and centring
at the top, as
conjectured by F
Gattari & A Vartolo
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 167
later domes & vaults
St Peter’s, Rome
old St Paul’s, London
present St Paul’s, London
Residenz, Wurzburg
Neresheim & Die Vies
St Peter's, Rome, dome by Michelangelo,
modified by Giacomo della Porta, 1546-64
Fine Arts 172 / V345 / 11PE / RE 99.091.09
Old St Paul's Cathedral, London: dome proposed by Christopher Wren, 1666
elevation & section
Kerry Downes, The Architecture of Wren (2nd ed, Reading [Berkshire] pls 20, 21
St Paul's Cathedral, London, by Sir Christopher Wren,
as designed, 1675: south elevation
Downes, Architecture of Wren, pl 58.
St Paul's Cathedral, London, as designed by Wren, 1675, section
Downes, Architecture of Wren, pl 59
Dôme des
Invalides, Paris,
by Jules
HardouinMansart, 1680-1
Diapofilm, Architecture
Classique
Dome des Invalides, drawing of the
timber dome framing, and model at the
Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris
E L Tarbuck [ed], Encyclopædia of Practical
Carpentry and Joinery (2 vols, A H Payne, Leipzig,
no date), II, pl 43. Connaissance des Arts (Musée
des Arts et Métiers, Paris 2000), p 24
dome of St
Paul's
Cathedral, as
built by Wren,
1675-1710
Lewis,
Architectura, p 223
dome of St Paul's, as built by Wren, 1675-1710
section & plan of carpentry, axonometric section
Francis Price, The British Carpenter (London 1753), facing p 30
Margaret Whinney, Wren (London 1971), p 121
Baptistery, Pisa, by
Dioti Salvi, 1153-1278
unspecified: slide 31
Baptistery, Pisa: original and present elevations & sections
E H Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art (New York 1951), after Rouhault de Fleury, Les
Monuments du Pise
St Maria Birnbaum, near Augsburg, Germany,
by Konstantin Pader, 1661-8
R Barthel, H Maus & C Kayser, 'Maria Birnbaum - Construction History, Conservation History', in Dina D’Ayala &
Enrico Fodde [eds], Structural Analysis of Historic Construction (CRC Press, London 2008) II, p 1424.
St Maria
Birnbaum,
longitudinal section
through the roof
structure and
tower; bottom,
isometric view of
the main roof
Barthel, Maus &
Kayser, 'Maria
Birnbaum', p 1425
the Residenz, Wurzburg, Germany, by Balthasar Neumann, 1732: section
Langschnïtt, 1732, Kunstbibliotek, Berlin
Residenz, Wurzburg, upper surface of main vault
Otto, Space into Light, pl 76
Convent Church at Neresheim, Swabia, by Balthasar
Neumann, c 1750: plan and section
Pierre Charpentrat, Living Architecture: Baroque, Italy and Central Europe (London 1967 [1964]), p 106
Pilgrimage Church, Die
Wies, Germany, by
Dominikus & Johann
Baptist Zimmerman,
1745-54: structural detail
of the main vault
Hans-Joachim Sachse, Die barocken
Dachwerks- und
Gewölbekonstruktionen der
Abteikirche zu Neresheim (1975)
Baroque basilica at Ottobeuren, Germany, 1737-66: roof plan
David Yeomans,’A Visit to Bavarian Roofs’, CHS Magazine, no 90, December 2011, pp 18-19
basilica at Ottobeuren, 1737-66: roof space over the main dome
David Yeomans,’A Visit to Bavarian Roofs’, CHS Magazine, no 90, December 2011, p 21
hoisting machinery
scaffolding for the nave of St Peter's Church, Rome, c 1550
E L Tarbuck [ed], Encyclopædia of Practical Carpentry and Joinery (2 vols, A H Payne, Leipzig, no date),II. p 49
Tower of Babel, by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, 1563
Tower of Babel, details
the construction of two arches;
drum-like lifting device based on a treadmill and a block and tackle
Scientific American (March 1978), p 135
treadmill cranes
details from the Tower of Babel, and from a portrait of Jan
Fernaguut of Bruges, by Pieter Pourbus the Elder
Scientific American (March 1978), cover & p 137
the Pieter
Pourbus
crane as
reconstructed at
Bruges.
Arturs Lapins
crane and capstan,
illustrated by Alberti,
1452
[L B Alberti ,Ten Books on
Architecture (London 1755
[1452]), pl XV
crane and capstan, devised by John Webb to lift heavy stones at St Paul's
Cathedral, London, 1637 (compared with Alberti’s)
Malcolm Airs, The Tudor & Jacobean Country House: a Building History (Godalming [Surrey] 1998), p 143
'stella' or star of pulleys, in use at the Malatestiano, Rimini:
miniature by Giovanni di Fano, in the Hesperis of Bassinio
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 130
Brunelleschi's 'castello‘ crane
as drawn by Leonardo da Vinci, and in a model
King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 70; by by SARI & Mariani, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence
Brunelleschi’s revolving crane with hoist: model, University of Florence;
illustration by Bonaccorso Ghiberti, BR 228 (BNCF) fol 107v
Paolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo da Vinci
(Giunti, Florence 2001), pp 115, 114
model of a
medium duty hoist
for rapid lifting
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 132
medium duty hoist for use on the ground or on scaffolding
Buonaccorso Ghiberti, Zibaldone (Florence,
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, MS BR 228
animal-powered hoists
Brunelleschi's ox-hoist (here driven by a horse), as
illustrated by Marco Taccola; model of a similar machine
MS Palatino 766 (BNCF), fol 10r.; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 132
Duomo, Florence,
dome of 1420-36,
Brunelleschi's hoisting
system
drawing by G Rich, 1969, in
Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi:
Studies, p 90
Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's
hoisting system: detail of hoist mechanism
Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36, Brunelleschi's
hoisting system: detail of upper works
Brunelleschi’s three speed hoist, drawn by Leonardo da Vinci.
Codex Atlanticus (BAM), fol 1083v
model of Brunelleschi’s three speed hoist
Paolo Galluzzi, Renaissance Engineers from Brunelleschi to Leonardo
da Vinci (Giunti, Florence 2001), p 101
tongs, keys & pulleys from the Duomo, Florence, C15th and later
Giovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi (Florence 1980), p 39
sledge used at the Duomo, Florence
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 263
Duomo, Florence,
lantern by Guiliano da
Maiano, 1462
Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 35
wooden model
of the Duomo
lantern, Opera di
Santa Maria del
Fiore Museum,
Florence
Giovanni Fanelli &
Michele Fanelli,
Brunelleschi’s Cupola:
Past and present of an
Architectural
Masterpiece
(Mandragora, Florence
2004), p 16
Duomo, Florence: medium duty hoist, scaffolding and cranes used in the construction
of the lantern, & crane on rollers, used to build the cone, from B Ghiberti, Zibaldone
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 262-3
lifting machine,
by Jaques
Besson, 1578:
windlass &
double hoist
Jaques Besson,
Theatrum
Instrumentorum
(late C16th)
another
lifting machine,
by Jaques
Besson, 1578:
Continuous
bucket machine
Jaques Besson,
Theatrum
Instrumentorum
lifting device with a
screw and weight
(for shipbuilding), by
Jaques Besson
Jaques Besson, Theatrum
Instrumentorum
crane,
Germany
1705
Johan Wilhelm,
Architectura Civilis
(Frankfort 1705)
rotating cranes,
from Diderot’s
Encyclopédie
Denis Diderot et al,
Encyclopédie: ou,
Dictionnaire Raisonné des
Sciences, des Arts et des
Métiers par une société de
gens de lettres (35 vols,
Paris 1751-1780), sv
'Charpente', pl xlvii
eighteenth
century
French crane:
Musée des
Arts et
Metiers, Paris,
inv 1118
Francis Mer et al,
Musée des Arts et
Metiers: l'Album
(Musée National des
Techniques, Paris
1990), p 20
moving the obelisk from the Circus Maximus to the Piazza of St
Peter, Rome, by Domenico Fontana, 1586
Sandström, Man the Builder, p 190; M W Jones, Principles of Roman Architecture
(New Haven [Connecticut] 2000), p 158
transportation of a granite block of 1500 tonnes for the base of a statue of
Peter the Great, St Petersburg, 1768
G E Sandström, Man the Builder (New York 1975 [1970]), p 38
travelling crane
E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols,
Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1585
travelling crane used in the construction
of the Lands Department, Sydney, 1876
(a) for hoisting stones in the
stonemason's shop during (b) for
building the walls
Emery Balint, Trevor Howells & Victoria Smyth,
Warehouses and Woolstores of Victorian Sydney
(Melbourne 1982), p 120, 121
Treasury Building, Melbourne, by J J Clark of the PWD
1858-62: view during construction, 1858
Barnett Johnstone photo, State Library of Victoria
Treasury Building, Spring Street, Melbourne
Miles Lewis
patent steam travelling crane by McNicol & Vernon, Liverpool, 1850s
Imperial Journal, I, facing p 188
steam travelling crane
E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols,
Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), III, p 2618