Civil Registration

MRFHC British Isles Records
Lesson
Civil
Registration
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Learning Objectives
At the completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Understand what Civil Registration is.
2. Know when Civil Registration started
for each country in the British Isles.
3. Find country-wide indexes - if available.
4. Know how to order a certificate.
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Familysearch LEARN
https://familysearch.org/learn
FamilySearch
LEARN is a
large, on-line
library where you
can find
thousands of
articles, how-to
instructions, online courses and
helps in getting
started.
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FamilySearch
On-line Research Courses
https://familysearch.org/learn/researchcourses
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What is it?
•Civil registration is the government records of:
• Births
• Marriages
• Deaths
•Since they are indexed and cover most of the
population, civil registration records are important
sources for genealogical research
•Before civil registration – only churches
recorded birth, marriage and death information
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When did Civil
Registration begin?
•England & Wales: Birth, marriage
and death – 1 July 1837
•Scotland: Birth, marriage
and death – 1 January 1855
•Ireland: Non-Catholic marriages – 1 Apr 1845
All Irish birth, marriage and death – 1 Jan 1864
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England and Wales - 1837
•The basis of civil registration in England and Wales
is the registration district – each county is divided
into districts.
•Registrars receive birth and death
registrations from individuals
•Marriages are registered by officiating minister
or other responsible official
•Each quarter copies of the districts registrations
were sent to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
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•Ministers keep the original marriage registers
in the parish chest
•Original birth and death records
remain in the district
•Quaker and Jewish marriages are registered by
their own representatives directly to the Office
for National Statistics
•The indexes are arranged by event then year
then quarter.
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•It is important to remember that the quarter of
the year in which registration took place is not
necessarily the same as the quarter for the
actual event. A birth in Feb could show up in
the June volume if they were not registered until
early April.
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Finding the Name in the Index
•Name
•Quarter of the year the event was registered
March (events registered in Jan, Feb, Mar)
June (events registered in Apr, May, Jun)
September (events registered in Jul, Aug, Sep)
December (events registered in Oct, Nov, Dec)
Beginning in 1984 there is an annual index
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NOTE
In the case of civil registration
records, it helps to know the
registration district your village or
town is located in especially if you
are looking for a common name such
as John Smith. In the 19th century
there were more than 600
registration districts in England and
Wales!
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GENUKI
•An excellent online resource is the
Index of Places in England and Wales
provided on the GENUKI website.
•This resource will show for each place listed, the
county and registration district in which the place
was situated during the years 1837-1930
http://www.ukbmd.org.uk/genuki/places/
•A registration district is not the actual town or
village
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Example: If a family was from Anstey in Leicestershire this is how to find the registration district
Index of Places
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Place: Anstey
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County: LEI
District: Barrow upon Soar
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England Jurisdictions 1851
The England Jurisdictions 1851 project simplifies research by
consolidating data from many finding aids into a single searchable
repository. Features included contiguous parish and radius search
lists and relevant jurisdictions, as they existed in England in 1851.
maps.familysearch.org
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Again – a family was from Anstey in Leicestershire –
this is how to find the registration district
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The jurisdiction tab will show the various jurisdictions
for Anstey parish.
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An example of a 3 mile radius search for Anstey parish.
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BIRTHS
•A birth must be registered within 6 weeks.
•In the early years some parts of the
country had 15 percent of births not
registered.
•There was no penalty on parents for
failing to register until 1875.
•Many believed that registration was not
necessary if the child was baptized.
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•The fine for late registration and the fact that
registration was not permitted after six months
resulted in many births going unrecorded.
•In some cases children had two
birthdays – the real one and the
one on the birth certificate selected
within the six-week period.
•With no official record of age, it was easier for
children to be sent out to work at an early age, in
violation of child labor laws.
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•Babies born outside marriage
might be registered under the
mother‟s maiden name with a blank
where the father‟s name should be.
•If the couple is unmarried but living as man and
wife then the father‟s name will probably appear.
•Before 1875 an unwed mother could name
whomever she pleased as the father.
•After 1875 the father had to be present at the
registration and give consent for his name to
appear.
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•If there is no hint in family lore as to
who the father might be, check the
Poor Law Union records in the local
record office.
•The Poor Law Union Boards were the „Child
Support Agency‟ whose job it was to prevent
children being supported by the parish if the
father could be identified or tracked down.
•Before January 1927 there was no central
registration of adoption. Anyone „adopted‟ before
that date was really fostered.
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•Childless couples brought up unwanted children
and the informal fostering of illegitimate babies
within the family was commonplace.
•Check parish or Poor Law Union material in
county record offices for evidence of such
arrangements.
•Births of British citizens
abroad are scattered in
different libraries and
record offices.
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MARRIAGES
•Marriages are registered
immediately after the ceremony and
are more complete than birth and
death registrations.
•Marriages were often performed at
the bride‟s parish.
•In the 19th century about 10 percent of
marriages took place after the birth of the first
child.
•Many never married at all.
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•When the age at marriage is given as
„full‟ the meaning is twenty-one or over.
•„Minor‟ or „under age‟ meant between
twelve and twenty for a girl and
fourteen and twenty for a boy.
•After 1929 the age limit was raised to sixteen
for both parties.
•The average age of marriage was partly
related to social status, the upper classes
having a higher average marriage age.
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•Professional men
married at almost thirty
in 1871 but manual
workers at twenty-four.
•Women have always
tended to marry two
years younger than the
groom.
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•Divorce records from 1858 until 1943 are at
The National Archives in class J77.
Search online at:
www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk
Few exist for the period 1937 to 1943.
•Couples that married abroad
can voluntarily inform the
British consul who will then
include the marriage in the
consular returns.
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•If you are looking for a second marriage, make
sure the first spouse was actually dead or
divorced, as living in sin seems to have been
preferable to committing bigamy.
•Divorce required an act of
Parliament until 1857 and
was uncommon before the
mid-20th century.
•Divorce records are
confidential for 75 years.
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DEATHS
•Death certificates show only the name, age, date,
place and cause of death, occupation, and signature,
relationship and residence of the informant.
•A spouse‟s name is sometimes
given.
•If a child died, a parent‟s name is often written in the
space provided for occupation.
•Deaths were registered within five days unless the
coroner was involved.
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•Death records have limited usefulness because –
•Information is very limited
•May be inaccurate because it is based on the
informant‟s
Knowledge
•May be
the wrong
person –
can be hard
to identify
the correct
index
entry
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•Death records may be helpful because –
•Age at death will suggest an approximate year of
birth
•Addresses can be used to locate the family in the
census
•A death certificate may be the only civil registration
record for persons born or married before July 1837
•Stillbirths were not registered before 1874, when a law
required a death certificate before burying stillborn
children.
•Before 1983, the baby could not be named. There is no
public index.
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FINDING THE INDEXES
Micro-fiche edition is
available at
•Mesa Regional FHC
•Salt Lake FHL
•Many other FHC‟s
and local libraries
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Free BMD
This is a project to make the Birth, Marriage and Death indexes available online
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Completed Indexes
Free BMD
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Ancestry.com
(England & Wales Civil Registration)
Ancestry
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FindmyPast.com
(pay-for-view options)
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Find My Past
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Making a visit to England?
•The original public search rooms for the civil registration
records were at the Somerset House, in the 1970‟s these were
moved to St Catherine‟s House and then in April 1997 they
were moved to the Family Records Centre.
•In early 2008 the Family Records Centre
(FRC) closed.
•The services formerly offered by The National Archives at the
FRC, relating to census returns, wills and other sources, are
now only available at The National Archives in Kew.
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•The previous information is being offered for those
visiting England in person. For those ordering online –
service will go on uninterrupted, as before the changes.
•A project to scan and digitize birth, marriage and death
records from 1837-2006 and and make them public
online has been put on hold as of July 2008 - with only
about half of the approximately 130 million records
completed.
•A new project, called the Digitization
and Indexing (D&I) Project, was
initiated in 2009 and covers the
digitization of the records themselves
together with indexing and upgrading
the current online certificate ordering process.
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•Registration in England and Wales dates back to 1837.
Since then, there have been some changes in legislation
which affect day to day practices, but the
original approach to registration and the methodologies
employed remain relatively unchanged.
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Ordering Certificates Online
General Register Office (GRO)
NOTE
If you are using
the site for the
first time you
will need to
complete the
registration
process. You
will only need
to go through
this process the
first time you
use the system.
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GRO
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DO YOU NEED A BREAK?
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SCOTLAND – 1855
•Local registrars were appointed in
every parish in Scotland.
•The local registrar kept two registers of all births,
marriages and deaths registered in his district.
•The District Examiner annually examined the
registers and sent one copy to Edinburgh.
•The other copy remained with the local register.
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•When searching the indexes be aware
that:
•Marriage indexes for females (18551864) are arranged alphabetically by
maiden surname. The husband‟s
surname appears in parentheses.
•Death indexes for females (1855-1864)
are arranged in alphabetical order
under her married surname with her
maiden surname in parentheses.
•After 1864, death indexes list women
under both their maiden surnames
and their married surnames.
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•A „Mc‟ or „Mac‟ surname may be found in
the indexes at the end of the M section.
•There is an additional index at the end of
each yearly index called the Vide Addenda.
This index lists names missed in the regular
index.
•Some births, marriages and deaths were
registered late. These „neglected entries‟
cover the period 1820 to 1860 and were
registered between 1860 and 1868. They are
on one roll of microfilm (FHL film 103538)
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BIRTHS
•Births were to be recorded within twenty-one days
– otherwise a penalty was levied.
•The informant had to be someone who personally
attended the birth.
•After three months the birth
could not be registered without
the authority of the sheriff –
which could involve a warrant
and more fines.
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•In Scotland, personal attendance by the informant
in the registrar‟s office was required.
•If the district of birth was different from the usual
district of residence of the parents, the recording
registrar would notify the registrar in the place of
usual residence in writing within eight days.
•The birth was then recorded
again in the district of
residence. Obviously, this
process resulted in double
registration on some births.
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•This can be useful, for example, in the case of a
female domestic servant working outside her home
and delivering a child where she worked.
•Since 1965 parents can choose where to
register – but not register in both places.
•An illegitimate child may be registered under the
mother‟s maiden name. The record will not give the
father‟s name unless the father gave his permission
and acknowledged the child. In that case, the child
is registered under the father‟s surname with the
word „illegitimate‟ appearing after the child‟s name.
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•In 1855 birth records contained
•Details about the child - Full
name, date, place, time of birth,
sex
•Parents names including maiden
name of mother
•Father‟s occupation
•Name of informant and relationship to child
•Information on siblings
•Ages and birthplaces of both parents, their
usual residences
•Date and place of parents marriage
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•From 1856 – information
on siblings was omitted, as
were ages and birthplaces of
parents and date and place
of parents‟ marriage.
•Since 1861 date and place
of parents‟ marriage was
reinstated.
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MARRIAGES
•The minimum age for male was over age
fourteen and a female over age twelve.
•Marriages between couples this
young were rare.
•In 1929 the age was raised to
sixteen for both male and
female.
•There is no requirement for
parental consent.
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•Scotland has two categories of marriages
(regular and irregular)
•A „regular‟ marriage in Scotland is one
solemnized by a minister of religion in the
presence of two witnesses after the
Proclamation of Banns (or
Publication of Notice, since
1879) The marriage must be
reported within three days or
be fined.
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•An „irregular‟ marriage
• was any marriage of consent
between a couple that was not
performed by a minister.
•Any couple could be married
with no notice to anyone else
and no waiting period.
•Many English and Irish
eloped to Gretna Green and
the other Scottish-border
marriage sites.
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•After 1856 one of the marriage partners of an
irregular marriage had to reside in Scotland for
twenty-one days.
•Because no minister or other
witness were required, these
marriages can be difficult to
prove.
•To have the marriage recognized
a couple makes application
within three months to the
sheriff or gets an Extract of
Conviction from a magistrate.
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DEATHS
•Deaths had to be registered in the parish or district
in which the death occurred, regardless of where the
person usually resided.
•Since 1966 the death can be
registered where the event
occurred or at the normal place
of residence.
•Deaths occurring in a house
are to be registered within eight
days.
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•The official government source of genealogical
data for Scotland – including Civil Registration
- is online at Scotland‟s People
Scotland‟s People
•Scotland‟s People operates as a pay-per-view
site for births, marriages & deaths.
•The Minor Records are also included on
Scotland‟s People. The minor records comprise
records of births, deaths and marriages of
Scottish persons outside Scotland.
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Scotland‟s People
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IRELAND
•1845 for non-Catholic marriages
•1864 for all Irish births, marriages & deaths
•For civil registration purposes, Ireland is organized
into districts. In each district, registrars record
births and deaths, while ministers or officials who
perform the ceremonies register marriages.
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•Quarterly, the superintendent
registrar of each district forwards
copies of the registrations to the
appropriate General Registrar
office. The original records remain
with the district registrar.
•Since 1922 registrations for Northern Ireland
are housed in Belfast, while those for the
Republic of Ireland have remained in Dublin.
Pre-1922 records for all of Ireland are in Dublin.
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Indexes
•Before 1878, indexes were arranged
alphabetically by year.
•Since 1878, still alphabetical
but divided by quarter.
•Republic of Ireland
•After 1927 birth indexes
included the mother‟s maiden name.
•Place names in the indexes are for districts.
•In rural areas, many villages and parishes belong
to one district.
•In urban areas, a city may be divided into several
districts.
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BIRTHS – MARRIAGE – DEATH
Similar information, problems and strategies as
England, Wales and Scotland
DIVORCE
Divorce in Ireland was almost nonexistent. The
few divorces that did take place were granted by
the English government.
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Districts
Ireland, Census
Office, General
Alphabetical Index to
the Townlands and
Towns of Ireland,
MRFHC book 941.5
X22g, which lists
Irish localities and
the distracts that
swerved those
localities in 1851.
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•Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and
Towns of Ireland, which lists Irish localities
and the districts that served those localities
in 1871.
•Civil Registration Districts of Ireland, (Salt
Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Library, The
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
1983; MRFHC book 941.5 V2c, which
provides maps and districts' names as they
were in 1871.
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•Finding the District – an online resource
To locate the Registrar's District where a particular
townland resides is the 1851 edition of The General
Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes
and Baronies of Ireland.
IREATLAS
•Townlands are the smallest unit of land division in
Ireland. The above index lists the location of each townland
by county, barony, civil parish and Poor Law Union. The
boundaries of Poor Law Unions (PLUs) and Registrar's
Districts are the same.
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The Family History Library
…has microfilm copies of
•The civil registration indexes of births,
marriages, and deaths for Ireland and
Northern Ireland through 1958 (through
1959 for Northern Ireland).
•Pre-1871 marriage and death certificates
for both Ireland and Northern Ireland.
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•Birth certificates from 1864 through March
1881 and from 1900 through 1913 for both
Ireland and Northern Ireland.
•Birth certificates for the Republic of Ireland
from 1930 through 1955.
•Birth, marriage, and death certificates for
Northern Ireland from 1922 through 1959.
•Some registration certificates of Irish
subjects at sea, abroad, and in the military
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Republic of Ireland
Ordering certificates online:
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GRO Ireland
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Northern Ireland
Ordering certificates online:
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Isles
ISLE OF MAN
•Civil registration of
marriages started in 1849
•Births and deaths in 1878
•Records are at the General
Registry, Finch Road,
Douglas, Isle of Man.
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CHANNEL ISLANDS
Guernsey, Alderney, Herm
and Sark
•Civil registration of
births and deaths began
in Guernsey in 1840
•on Sark and Alderney in
1925
•marriages for all in 1919.
Jersey – All civil registration
from August 1842
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Where are the records?
•Jersey - Burrard House, Don Street, St. Helier, Jersey,
JE2 4TR.
•Guernsey - General Register Office at the Royal Court
House, St. Peter Port, Guernsey, GY1 2PD.
•Alderney - Clerk of the Court, Queen Elizabeth Street,
Alderney
•Sark - Registrar, La Vallette, Sark
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CANNOT FIND THEM IN THE INDEX?
•Surnames are often found under unexpected
spellings
•Events are filed by registration date –
not the date of the event
•Indexes were prepared by hand and may
contain copying errors
•A person may have been registered under a different
name then used in later life
•Some marriages were indexed by the name of only
one spouse
•A woman‟s surname in the marriage index may be
from a previous marriage
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•Family information is often misleading
•Persons with common names may be
difficult to identify in the index
•Some deaths were registered as „unknown‟
•A child born before the parents‟ marriage
may be registered under the mother‟s
maiden name
•If a name had not been selected, some
children were registered as „male‟ or
„female‟
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Helpful Internet Sites for Civil
Registration
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Births - Marriage - Deaths
from the Local Registrars
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UK BMD
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Graham Pitts' Births, Marriage,
Death Exchange
A subscription-based facility for genealogists who wish to share information about
details contained on birth, death or marriage certificates registered in the UK
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Civil RegistrationRecords in the FHLC
FHLC
Enter country
or county and
country to
search
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“Get Started” Indexing
Indexing.familysearch.org
Click here to “test
drive” the program
Click here to
volunteer and
download software
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Appendix 3
1. England and Wales: Civil Registration
indexes on film – Births
2. England and Wales: Civil Registration
indexes on film - Deaths
3. England and Wales: Civil Registration
indexes on film – Marriages
4. See Research Outlines for England,
Ireland, Scotland and Wales in
Appendix 1
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BI Lesson 3: Civil Registration
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Using the FreeBMD website – search for Hannah Eden b.
1842.
1.What quarter was Hannah born in?
2.What is the name of the Registration District?
3.What county is the Registration District in?
2. ScotlandsPeople has marriage certificates available from
1855 to _____?
3. Who would have the birth record for a child born in Armagh,
Ireland in 1875 – Northern Ireland or Republic of Ireland?
4. Can an Irish birth record be ordered online? If so, where?
5. Review Appendix 3
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