Icons and Desktop environment

Icons and Desktop environment
Icons
Mounted server
1.
2.
3.
4.
Image
Mounted image
Installer icon
Choose icon: click
Choose a few icons: Draw a rectangle around them or add others by
pressing the shift key clicking another icon.
Open: double click.
Open a document with a specific application: drag document icon on
an application icon
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Info: click the icon and
(the command key)+i (in case of an
application – change memory allocation)
Properties/action (Contextual menu): click+ctrl key
Move: Drag icon
Copy: Drag icon to a drive icon. alt+Drag to another window
Rename: Click the name and type a new name. Renaming a drive icon – file
sharing should be off
Delete: Drag an icon over the Trash icon
Creating a new Folder: File-->New Folder / ctrl click on the
desktop
Alias: Alias is a shortcut to any file/folder. It is identified by its Italic style of
text. To create an alias click the file/folder, go to File->Make Alias /
ctrl+click, and choose Make Alias
Desktop Print icons: Print spooling. Double click will show current jobs
and control buttons to stop, start, schedule and delete jobs. Get Info on the
icon will let you change memory allocation, Status and Configuration of the
printer, and get the font list at the printer.
Mounting drives: Inserting CD-ROM/diskette/zip, connecting to a server The drive will appear on the desktop
Ejecting drives: Drag the drive icon on the Trash icon / ctrl+click on the
icon and choose Eject or Put Away
16. Special keys:
(=command) is the main control key
alt key = Option. Ctrl = Control (Replaces Right click mouse)
1
= Start the computer when it’s off. Restart/ Shutdown/sleep when it’s on.
= Eject CD/DVD
Files & icons
Icons indicate the file type, which is stored as part of the file information. There are no
name extensions (.doc, .pdf, etc.)
A Microsoft Word file:
Microsoft Word application:
A text file:
If the icon is empty:
it is a sign that the application is not found. Then
you get to select another application from the list.
If you want to try and open the file with an application other than the suggested list, drag
the file on the application icon, or load the application and go to File->Open
If files with existing applications loose their icons, restart the computer and press the
keys:
+
until you get the message: Are you sure you want to
2
rebuild your Desktop file. Click ok. It is advisable to perform this operation
after upgrading an application version or major changers in file system.
Windows
F Smart zoom
G Minimize window
1. Activating window: Click on the window
2. Close multiple windows: alt+click Close box (see A)
3. Move window: Click on Title bar (see B) and move
4. Go to an upper level Folder:
+click on the window’s name
5. Document Window: Notice – if you close all open windows in an
application, it is still active until quitting the application itself (
+q)
You can view the window content as icons or as list. Viewing the files as a list shows
more info and enable to sort by name, date, size or kind by clicking on the category
name. Clicking on he triangle shape arrow on the right will change the sort order (i.e.
A-Z ver. Z-A). Go to Edit-->Preference-->View for more options.
3
Other icons and menus
Upper right corner
1. Date and Time: Click on the Time icon displays the date. Alt+click pops
preferences
2. Language switcher: Click to change languages. Choose Customize
Menu to add more keyboards
3. Shortcut to switching between languages:
+space
4. Application switcher: Click to view open applications, and switch between
them. Choosing the Finder will switch to the Desktop. Use the option Hide
Others if many applications are open and you want to work freely on the
Desktop. Dragging on the last item will create a separate window
5. Other icons: Additions of specific applications. In the example: Battery icon,
Timbuktu and Netware client
4
Control Strip (bottom of the desktop)
Shortcuts to main settings: To hide/show the strip go to the control panel
Control Strip. The Strip usually disappear after a System crush.
Changing the Strip’s location: Close the Strip, Press
and drag.
Close
the Strip
1File Sharing
2Key chain (Saving
passwords system)
5Monitor settings:
resolution
9Volume
6Printer selector
3Location manager
(Creating groups of
settings: network,
printers and others)
7Quicktime
10Sound
11Speech recognition
Apple Menu (Upper left corner)
5
4Monitor settings:
colors
8Remote Access :
Dial up
12Web sharing
1. Submenus: Can be created by new folders in Apple Menu Items folder.
A main menu (like Favorites) can be opened.
2. About this computer: Basic info: system version, open applications, memory
allocation. When opened while working with another application, will change to
info of the application
3. Apple System Profiler: Full hardware/software/networking/peripherals info.
A very important diagnostics tool.
4. Chooser: Access channel for communicating with other Macintosh computers,
printers and fax.
5. Control Panels: Quick access to system configuration files
6. Favorites: A place for favorite items. To add an item, choose the item (click)
and go to File->Add to Favorite / ctrl+click and choose Add to
Favorite
7. Keycaps: A font/keyboard utility, which shows all fonts in keyboard layout.
Pressing the Shift/Alt/ctrl keys shows special characters. Enables copy paste
from the window to another application.
8. Sherlock 2: A powerful search engine: computer files / Internet
9. Stickies: Lets you write notes and “paste them up” on the screen.
Main Menu
File Menu
1. Get Info:
a. On a file – File info + an option to lock/unlock, and an option to create a
stationary
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b. On a Folder – Folder info + activating sharing privileges
c. On an application – Application info + sharing + memory allocation
Label: Assigns text labels and colors to files
Put Away: Dismounting of shared disks, removable disks. Returning
files/folders to their original location (from Desktop/Trash)
Find: Launches Sherlock
Show Original: Applies to aliases. Finds their original.
Page setup: Page attributes pre-printing (size, orientation, scale, etc.)
Edit Menu – Cut, Copy, Paste, Select All, Preferences
View Menu – View options: Icon’s size, list, etc.
Window Menu – Switch between opened windows
Special Menu
1. Empty Trash: Press Alt key to force deleting problematic files.
2. Eject: Eject removable drives
3. Burn CD: Active for models which contain CD-R drives
4. Erase Disk: Initializes diskettes, disks to a MacOS/DOS format. Will not allow
to format a start up disk. Advisable not to use this option to format Zip drives.
5. Sleep: Puts the computer to a system sleep. To wake the computer, press any key
6. Restart:
7. Shut Down:
Help Menu – Help Center (List of help files); Show Balloons (Online help); Mac
Help (Mac OS help files)
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KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
System
Active/inactive system
Active system – Finder + System files in the folder
Inactive system – Finder is on a separate level from system (hidden in another
folder)
Make sure you've got only one System Folder with a Finder and System files on the
same level on the same partition. If there is no active system on the a diskette icon
with a question mark will appear upon restart. In this case you will need to start the
computer with a start up CD.
System backup
It is possible to backup the System Folder before installing an addition to the system, or a
new system, to be on the safe side in case the addition harm the existing system.
• Copy the System Folder to another drive/partition
• Duplicate the System Folder on the same drive: Click the System Folder and go to
File->Duplicate / ctrl+click and choose Duplicate. Make sure there is
only one System Folder with a Finder and System in the same folder level.
• In order to restore, copy the System Folder back to the drive and make sure it is
active before you restart the computer. Before restoring make sure to make the
existing System Folder (if exists) is inactive.
Adding software to an existing system
• If you wish to add languages or other system component, run the installer
•
•
and choose add/remove software or custom install. Make
sure you are using the same system version. You can sometimes find
separate software installers on the like Fax software.
In order to install a font, a single extension or Control Panel – just drag it
over the System folder icon. In the case of a font installation quit all active
application, no need for restart. In case of Extension/Control Panel, you'll
need to restart the computer.
After system install some additional 3rd party is installed: Netscape 4.x,
Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, Stuffit Expander, etc.
System Folder structure
Appearance – Additional files like desktop pictures and appearance preferences
Apple Menu Items – Additional user's aliases, Favorites
Application Support - Software Update + additional software support
ColorSync Profile – Usually standard. Monitor, scanner, printer description files
Contextual Menu Items – Usually 3 system items + other software additions like Norton
1
Control Panels – System configuration files. Maybe additions of other software
Control Strip files – Location of the control strip modules of the system + 3rd party
additions (iOmega, scanner, etc.) The Umax Control Strip might crash the system in
some versions
Extensions – A very central folder in the System: many additional engines to the system
and other software.
Favorite – Location of the user’s aliases
Fonts – System installed fonts. In order to install fonts or move to another system, don’t
drag directly to this folder, but close your System Folder and drag them on the folder.
Make sure to avoid font duplications – they might cause printing problems.
Help – System help files + additional help files of other software.
Launcher Items – Another option to store aliases
Preferences – (=registry) all the setup files of system and any installed software. If an
application tends to crash, try to remove its preference file
Startup items – Aliases of application that start up automatically after restart
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Control Panels
Appearance: Customize Desktop's appearance. Choose a Hebrew font under
View Font, in order to view Hebrew file names.
Apple Menu Options: Control Submenus. In System 8.x Preferences file could
cause problems and should be removed from time to time.
AppleTalk: Choosing Network for the AppleTalk protocol (File Sharing,
Printing). Was called Network up to System 7.5
ColorSync: Match input/output color profiles for accurate graphics.
Control Strip: Show/Hide shortcuts to main system controls on Desktop.
Date & Time: Customize date and time format and language. Preferable to let the
date appear in English for non Hebrew E-mail clients.
DialAssist: Dial properties.
Energy Saver: Options for sleep, automatic restart/shutdown, etc. Replaces any
Screen saver application. If computer doesn't wake up properly – separate display sleep
from others.
Extension Manager: Important utility for managing system extensions (very
detailed "Safe mode"
File Exchange: File translation preferences for PC files. Makes links between file
types and applications.
File Sharing: Setting up file sharing.
File Synchronization: Synchronizes between folders.
General Controls: Default saving location of documents, and more.
Hebrew Settings: Not important.
Infrared: Configure the infra-red communication port.
Internet: Default internet settings: e-mail, default home page, proxies, etc. Not
every application refer to this control panel.
Keyboard: Add keyboards to an existing script.
Keychain Access: Password storage. Not reccommended.
Launcher: Another mean to store shortcuts to favorite applications.
Locaton Manager: A very usefull utility, especially to PowerBooks. Manages
sets of preferences.
Memory: System's memory configuration. Virtual memory is reccommended for
new systems. Needs Restart.
Modem: Setting up modem connection and type.
Monitors: Setting up your monitor: resolution, colors, geometry, relations
between 2 monitors, etc.
Mouse: Setting up tracking and speed.
Multiple Users: Setting up your computer for several users, retricted Privileges.
System 9.x up.
Numbres: Numbers and currency appearance.
QuickTime Settings: Provide user control of QuickTime.
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Remote Access: Dial up settings. PPP in Systems 7.5.3-7.6.1.
Software Update: Advisable to disable this control panel and its fellow
extension. Could update incompatible software to Hebrew systems.
Sound: Set alert sounds, input/output preferences. If user complains there is no
sound, better check if the mute option is not activated.
Speech: Talking alerts, speech recognition.
Startup Disk: Very important control panel – sets the startup system
drive/partition. For new computers – start up the computer with the alt key pressed
TCP\IP: Setting Internet connection: IP, Router, DNS, etc. Mac address is
provided as well. MacTCP up to System 7.5
Text: Sets system direction. Advisable to leave on left to right.
Trackpad: Specific for Powerbooks.
USB Printer Sharing: Sharing a local USB printer. Compatible to System 9.x.
Web Sharing: Enable web services.
Managing Extensions
Use the Extension manager Control Panel. You can load it while restarting and
pressing the space key, or go to Control Panels --> Extension
Manager when your computer is up.
Usage:
• Getting information on extensions., as shown in the pict.
• Turning extensions on/off by clicking the check box on the right side of the
extension
• Creating sets of extensions (Selected sets)
• Loading the system with a system –base / system all (no 3rd party extensions)
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System Troubleshooting
•
•
System will not load and a diskette icon with a question mark appears
instead – Insert a start up CD, restart while pressing the c key. If the Hard
Disk icon appears on the Desktop you should reinstall the system, otherwise
you've got disk problems.
System Error when starting up – Restart the computer with the shift key
pressed (Extensions off).
o If you still get a system error, you'll need to reinstall the system
software.
o If the system loads you'll need to find out which extension causes the
error. Restart the computer with the space key pressed to load
Extension Manager
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•
•
•
Reccuring Sytem errors/crashes
o Trash the following Preferences files: General Preferences, Mac Os
Preferences, System Preferences, Finder Preferences, Apple Menu
Items Preferences.
o Zap the Pram: Restart the computer while holding down the following
keys: Command+alt+p+r. Wait for 3 pings the computer sounds.
o Rebuild you Desktop file (Restart while pressing
command+option)
o Go to the Extension Manager Control Panel, click on My
Settings and choose System x all and restart. Though Some
application/devices will not work, if work is smooth otherwise, you'll
need to find the problematic extension If you still get a system error,
you'll need to reinstall the system software.
System loads and get stuck before the Desktop appears
o The Finder file might be damaged. In comtrary to to the dynamic
System file, the Finder is replacebale. You can replace it with the one
on your startup CD – provided they are of the same version.
Viruses
A rare problem in Macs. Norton Anti virus + monthly updates:
http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/software/virusmac.shtml
Install Virex for older systems (up to 7.6.1)
Hardware Problems
o System still crashes with a new installed system - Check Hard Disk for
errors with Disk First Aid. If you get a message that the disk needs to be
formatted, backup your disk, restore your material and install a new system.
(Don't add files from the old system). If system still crashes you've got a
problem either with one of the memory cards, or with the board. The Guru
application can assist you with checking memory integrity, but it is never
conclusive.
o Internal Battery – The internal battery tends to weaken sometime. The
symptoms involves losing the correct Date, time and other parameters after
shut down. If the battery is emptied up, the monitor might remain black after
starting the computer. Battery needs to be replaced.
o PRAM (Parameter RAM) – The internal battery stores a lot of information
other than date and time. If you encounter weird problems, it is advisable to
zap the Pram. Restart the computer with the following keys pressed:
o SCSI problems –
o If the mouse pointer alone appears on the screen after restart, it
indicates SCSI problems. Check for SCSI ID clashes, and for proper
termination.
o If one or more of SCSI devices does not mount, use SCSI probe to
determine whether the computer recognizes the device.
o USB problems –
o Some USB devices such as diskette drive or a printer causes problems,
try to connect it to the USB port of the computer instead of connecting
it to the keyboard.
o If a USB device does not show at all, launch Apple System Profiler,
and click the tab Devices and volumes. First check if USB appears at
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all, then check if the device appears. If the category USB does not
appear, it might be caused by a system failure. Try to reinstall USB
drivers or reinstall the system. If USB does appear, check the validity
of the specific usb device driver.
o If you've installed a 3rd party USB, install the USB Card Support
apple package to support it rather than use the standard USB drivers of
the System. This package is system 8.6 compatible.
o Disk problems
o Files and applications loose their icons. Rebuild the desktop file by
restarting while holding down the command+option keys. It is
advisable to repeat it from time to time, especially after significant
changes like application upgrade, system installation, etc.
o Repairing your disk - If this problem repeatedly occurs, along with
other symptoms, like errors when opening/copying files or folders,
you'll need a disk utility. Start up from a System CD, open the Utility
folder in the CD drive, and double click Disk First Aid. Choose the
disk icon and click the Repair button.
o Updating the disk driver - If you get a message that the disk can't be
repaired, start up again from the system CD. Open the Utility folder
and launch Drive Setup. Click the disk icon, go to Function->Update
Driver. Restart the computer, and try repairing the disk again.
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o Initializing the drive – If repairing was not successfully
accomplished, you'll need to backup your data and format the disk.
Backup your data and start up from the system CD. Open Drive
Setup, choose the drive icon and click the Initialize button.
o Other disk utilities – Using Disk First Aid is safe enough. Use other
disk utility applications (such as Norton Disk Utility) with cautious.
First, always backup before trying to repair your disk. Second, always
check version compatibility. Another recommended software is
DiskWarrior
o Backing up a disk which won't mount – Use Norton Utilities. If the
disk does not show, go to the option Show missing disks. Let Norton
check the disk, but not repair. Sometime this process will help
mounting the disk and backing it up, before further manipulation. You
can also try working with HDT/Silverlining. You can try and update
the driver, which will hopefully lead to a success mounting.
o Common system errors: Error type 1/3 – memory. Might be an
offensive application, or memory allocation fault. Error –37 – disk
error – usually disk hardware problem.
System compatibility recommendations
• System 7.5.3/7.6 – All old models up to PoweMac 6100.
• System 8.6 – PowerMac models up to G3.
• System 9.x – iMac and G3 BlueWhite to the end. Suggested version: 9.2.1.
Note:
• See full table on page2.
• Systems are compatible backwords, so provided there is enough memory can be
installed on older models. On the other hand they might be a bit slow
• System 7.5 is another option for old computers.
• Some models will require a firmware update pre-installation of a newer version.
Pre-Installing steps
Recommendation: always install a clean System and not update the old one.
• 7.5.3 – First make the current system inactive, by hiding the Finder file, and
changing the folder's name
• 7.6 up – There is an option during installation to install a clean system
Recommended updates: There are important patches:
• 7.5.2 - 7.5.3 or 7.55
• 9/9.02 - 9.0.4
• a patch for 9.2.2, which correct a terrible problem of file names for
System+Hebrew additions
Post-Installation steps
After installing a clean system, compare between them and move third party drivers,
applications system additions and configuration files from the old system to the new one.
• If system was upgraded – check for new versions of 3rd party additions
• If the old system was problematic, try to move as few files as possible, and
instead reinstall applications and drivers.
• Use the label option (File-->Label or ctrl+click-->Label) to color the
files before you are moving them, so if there are problems with the new system
you can track them down
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Hardware/System specs
http://www.info.apple.com/support/applespec.html
Family
Classic
System
7.1-7.5
Macintosh II
7.1-7.5
LC
7.5-7.6.1
Performa
(xxx – 68k
xxxx-PPC)
Quadra
7.5-7.6.1
7.1-7.5
PowerMac
(7200 up – PCI)
G3
(Blue&White)
7.6.1/8.6
(9.2.1/2)
9.2.1/2-X
iMac, eMac
9.2.1/2-X
G4
9.2.1/2-X
Powerbook
100-180
(xxx-68k)
Powerbook
520, 540
(xxx-68k)
Powerbook190
(xxx-68k)
7.1-.75
Powerbook
5300,3400,1400
(xxxx-ppc)
7.6.1-8.6
Powerbook
G3
8.6-9.2.1/2
(X)
iBook
9.2.1/2-X
Powerbook
G4 (Titanium)
9.2.1/2-X
7.5-7.6.1
7.5-7.6.1
Ports
ADB,
modem/printer
port
ADB,
modem/printer
port
Drive
SCSI
CPU
68000-33
Years
19884-93
SCSI
68020-30
1987-90
ADB,
modem/printer
port
ADB,
modem/printer
port
ADB,
modem/printer
port, Ethernet*
ADB,
modem/printer
port, Ethernet*
USB, modem*
Ethernet
Firewire
USB, modem
Ethernet
FireWire*
USB, modem
Ethernet
Firewire
ADB,
modem/printer
port
ADB,
modem/printer
port, Ethernet
ADB,
modem/printer
port
ADB,
modem/printer
port
SCSI
68020-40
1990-94
SCSI/IDE
68030-40
601-603e
1992-96
SCSI
68040-
1991-95
SCSI
ATA
IDE
ATA
601-604e
603-603e
G3
G3
1994-97
ATA
IDE
G3
G4
1998-2002
ATA
G4
2000-2002
SCSI
68000-30
1991-92
SCSI
68040
1994
IDE
68040
1995
IDE
ATA
603e
1995-7
G3
1997-2000
G3
1999-2002
G4
2000-2001
ADB*,modem, ATA
printer*
USB*Firewire*
Ethernet
USB
ATA
Ethernet
Firewire*
USB
ATA
Ethernet
Firewire
9
1999
Summary
• 68k – Classic, Macintosh II, LC, Performa (some), Quadra. Dead generation.
• PowerPC (601-604, G3) – ADB + Serial Mac + LocalTalk + SCSI.
•
Printers, external modems – serial Mac (Modem port/LocalTalk printers);
other peripherals – SCSI, built-in Ethernet
o 6100, Performas. Performas are low end. First to come with IDE,
optional Ethernet cards.
o PCI: 7200 and up to G3 beige.
New generation – iMac, G3 B&W and G4 – USB, internal modem,
Ethernet, Firewire* (G3 – internal modem optional) Peripheral –
USB/Firewire
Main System versions
• 7.5.1 – 7.5 installer + update to 7.5.1. Classic Networking, dialup software
•
•
•
•
•
•
needs to be added. Solid system for 68k computers.
7.6.1 – 7.6 installer + update to 7.6.1. A solid system for 68k and ppc. Open
transport compatible. PPP/OT (Open Transport) included.
7.5.3 - If 7.6.1 cannot be installed (for example on 6100) 7.5.3 will do.
Compatible to 68k and ppc. Includes a switcher between classic networking
and Open Transport.
8.6 – A good system for new and old generation PoweMacs.
9.2.1/2 – New generation: iMac, G3, G4. 9.2.2 needs a system fix.
Languages additions built-in – starting from System 8.5
Models specific editions – Notice that some models (some Powerbooks) are
compatible to specific edition of a certain system version.
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Applications
Location
In new systems the convention place is Applications (Mac OS 9) in System 9.x as
opposed to Applications which is reserved to MacOsX’s applications. (In System 8.6 the
folder is called Applications). But don’t count on it, users tend to place application
wherever they want, and not all installers follow this convention either.
Shortcuts - Apple Menu Items / Favorites / Launcher / Desktop
Installers
1. Installer The installer application is usually called Installer.
Installer icon
In the beginning of the installation process you will be asked to choose between Easy
Install/Custom Install, while the default is Easy Install. It is advisable to choose the
Custom Install option to check the detailed installed components. If one of the items
of the list contains Apple system's parts – be carefull. Some Applications use old
system parts and might damage your system.
1
2. Simple Installer- Dragging a folder to the disk (typical to Microsoft
installers). If the application needs additional extensions, they are installed while
launching the application at the first time. (Microsoft Office for example).
In the example above the basic installer comes in the format of a Virtual Image
(extension: .smi). The application that creates am image or mounts it is Apple's Disk
Copy. (3rd party similar application is ShrinkWrap – popular in older systems).
Double Click an image – mounts it. Double Click the image on the Desktop will open
a window with an installer or a ready to copy folder.
3. Compressed/Encoded installers- The typical extensions are:
a. .hqx/.bin – Encoded format for the preservation of the Mac file format.
The decoding utility – Stuffit Expander. The encoding utility is Drop
Stuff – both comes with the System.
b. .sit – Compressed file. Stuffit Expander will take care of it, as well as
other compressed formats like .zip.
c. .sea – Self Extracted File. Doesn’t need any utility to open it up. Just
double click it. Can be created by Drop Stuff.
d. When downloaded by a browser/ftp application, will normally open up
automatically. If this is not the case (sometimes it happens with the .bin
format), just drag it over Stuffit Expander, or on its alias.
2
Memory allocation
Change memory allocation of an application by choosing it (one click) when
it’s not active / Control+click --> Get Info --> Memory. Increase
the Preferred memory and press the Return key (or it will not take affect). It
is especially advised to do so when working with a file that includes inserted
images, or with PowerPoint.
Typical Applications
• Microsoft Office –
o Latest versions: Office98, Office 2001, OfficeX.
o There are patches and updates in http://mac.huji.ac.il/
o Common bugs: Office 98 + System 8.6 with Hebrew as a default
Language and with the Hebrew Text Encodin. Solution: Switch to
Roman as a default language, remove the Hebrew Text Encoding
from System Folder-->Text Encodings, or upgrade Text Encoding
version to 1.6
3
•
•
o Office 2001 is improved in many ways so it is advisable to upgrade –
especially for better compatibility with System 9.x
o Compatibility with PC – Can be exchanged between platforms. If there
are problem with DOCs – try RTF format. Files with pictures might
cause strange problems sometimes. When transferring from Mac,
check that extension is added.
o Hebrew – No Hebrew support. Word PC Hebrew files can be viewed.
Open, Select all, choose a Hebrew font. If language direction is a
problem – copy paste to a Nisus document. No Hebrew viewing at all
in PowePoint
o Applications: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Entourage (in 2001).
Entourage is a mailer, calender, project manager. No Microsoft
Access for Macintosh.
o Apple's office version Apple Works (Claris Works in its older
version)
NisusWriter – Multilingual word processor.
Viewers –
Images/Audio/Video – QuuickTime
Images – JPEGViewer, Graphic Converter
Audio/Radio – iTunes, Real Player
PDF – Acrobat Reader/Writer
Flash
Graphics & Multimedia– Photoshop, Freehand (There are Hebrew
versions with plug protection), Graphic Converter, iMovie
CD copy- Apple's built in CD Burner. Very easy to use, limited formats (no
ISO), Toast
HTML- DreamWeaver
Database – FileMaker
Data Analysis – Deltagraph, CricketGraph
Text Editor- BBedit
o
o
o
o
o
•
•
•
•
•
•
Troubleshooting
• Application begins to crush – Remove Preferences of the
appliction. If it doesn't help, reinstall.
• Memory – check memory allocation and free disk space. Check
compatibility to Virtual memory.
• Application crushes after installation –
•
•
o Start the computer without extensions. If it launches, find the
clashed extension.
o If it needs extensions of its own – Go to Extension manager and
create a minimal set with the required application's extensions.
o Look for updates/patches
Application crushes when opening a file – Make sure the
problem doesn't reside in a corrupted file. If the file is the problem try
opening it in another version/platform or try to convert it. If this doesn't
work, in a case of a word processot document, you can change the
attribute (with the help of File Buddy utility), to a text file – so at least the
text can be accessed.
Zap Pram – Restart the computer while holding down the following keys:
Command+alt+p+r.
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Printing
Laser/Postscript
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One generic postscript driver - LaserWriter + PDFs or PPDs (Printer
Description Files). When installing a new printer, you only need to add the
specific PPD
Location:
LaserWriter – System Folder--> Extensions.
PPD - System Folder--> Extensions-->Printer Descriptions
Protocols and hardware connections:
o AppleTalk (Over LocalTalk/Ethernet) – Setup in the chooser / Desktop
Printer Utility
o LPR - Setup in Desktop Printer Utility
o USB - Setup in Desktop Printer Utility
o InfraRed - Setup in Desktop Printer Utility
Apple Printer Utility – A utility to manage printer settings. Must be compatible
with the LaserWriter driver’s version.
Image - Serial/USB
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Installation: unique driver. The driver contains the port information.
Setup: Chooser
Chooser
Example1: USB image printer
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Example 2: Network postscript printer
Example3 : Serial printer (modem/printer port)
Left box – Click on a driver icon.
Right box – The name of the printer will appear (for PostScrip). Name of the port will
appear (USB for a USB printer). 2 option ports (Printer port/Modem Port) will appear
(for serial printers)
AppleTalk – Should be on in case of an AppleTalk printer (usually PostScript). Should
be off in case of a serial printer connected to the Printer Port.
Background Printing – Right side of the window. Can be turned on/off. If the option is
not present in the Chooser, you can found it in the Print dialog box
Create/Setup – Setting up the printer (selecting PPD in the case of a PostScript printer)
2
Desktop Printer Utility
Location: Usually Application (Mac Os 9) --> Apple Extras.
Setup:
• Load Desktop Printer Utility
• Choose the connection method. Click ok
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Click the upper Change button to choose the PPD
Click the lower Change button to choose the printer.
Click the Create button to create a Desktop printer icon
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Spooling
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Controlled by the Desktop Print icons, which appear on the Desktop. Double
click the icon will show current jobs and control buttons to stop, start, schedule
and delete jobs. Get Info on the icon will let you change memory allocation
(important in the case of large jobs), Status and Configuration of the printer, and
get the font list at the printer.
The spooled files can be located in System Folder-->PrintMonitor Documents
Some printers (like Epson) have got their own print spooling application instead
of using the System's spooling. You will find the Print monitor application in the
Extensions.
Desktop Printer icons might cause problems in older systems (7.5.3/7.6/8). You
can neutralize them and use the PrintMonitor/Desktop PrintMonitor application
instead by turning off the extension Desktop Printer Spooler.
Printing
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Page Setup – Page attributes. Appears in the File menu of every application
environment. Pressing the alt key while clicking ok, will save current settings
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Printing dialog
Destination – Choosing the file option will print to a PostScrip file
Printing options – Categories: General, Application’s options, Background
Printing (On/Off). Below the line – specific options of the printer (provided by the
PPD)
Save Settings – Save current settings
Troubleshooting
• Printer does not appear in Chooser / Desktop Printer Utility
o Check hardware connections. Go to Apple System Profiler.
o AppleTalk protocol – Go to the Control Panel AppleTalk and make sure
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the correct connection is selected
o Serial Printers – Make sure you’ve selected the correct port icon in the
chooser
Printing problems with large files – Get info on the Desktop Printing Icon or
Print Monitor, and increase memory allocation. In worst case set Printing
background off.
Postscript errors
o Postscript emulation printers – (usually occur with graphic applications)
Set the encoding to ASCII in the print dialog
o USB printers – try to connect the printer directly to the computer instead
of via the keyboard.
o Make sure you are not dealing with a problematic file. In this case try to
print a window from the desktop.
o PDFs – Use the Application’s print setting and choose under Print
method the one that fits your printer.
o Fonts problems – see next page for details
o Problematic file – Systematically copy portions of the file to a new file
and try to print until you get to the problematic part of the file.
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Other printing errors – Trash printing preferences (Preferences Folder), Zap
Pram, Reinstall Printing software
Print server – Print server will work only with the LaserWriter driver.
USB – Old computer with a USB card – Download from Apple the 3rd party USB
package. It requires System 8.6
HP laser USB –
o Drivers – Remove the USB HP drivers from Extensions folder
o Don’t use the Desktop Printer Utility provided by HP, only the one by
Apple
o If you are about to install an HP Laser USB, you’d better choose the
Custom Install option, and install only the PPDs.
o HP provides also a Desktop Print Utility. It is unreliable. Use only the
Apple version.
Epson – Epson’s software tends to be unstable. In case of printing problems,
remove the drivers with the original installer, and reinstall. In case that memory is
tight, you can locate the spool application in System Folder-> Extension ->
EPSON Monitor3
Fonts
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TrueType font
PostScrip font
Font File (Bitmap)
Font Suitcase
Font Suitcase– Font files are stored in suitcases. Therefore the name of the
suitcase is not the actual font that the system uses.
TrueType – Creates fonts in all sizes on the fly. Can be printed on
Image/PostScript printers.
PostScript font version – The suitcase stores the bitmap version of the font (for
viewing only). A PostScript font must be installed in order to print properly. Will
not print properly on Image printers.
Font Installation – Drag fonts on the System Folder (when it is closed), rather
than put directly in the Fonts Folder in the System Folder, in order to avoid font
ID clashes.
Font duplication – Avoid font duplication: make sure there aren’t identical font
files in different suitcases.
Damaged suitcase – If double clicking a font suitcase will return the message:
Can’t open, damaged suitcase, delete the font. Using it might cause printing
problems.
Font conversion – TTConverter. Converts fonts from TTF (PC) to TrueType
(Mac) format, and vise versa. (You can find it in http://mac.huji.ac.il/. I wouldn’t
try non-Roman fonts.
6
Compatibility issues
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Files –
o Macintosh files have a unique dual structure; therefore transferring files to
other platforms should be done cautiously.
o When copying Mac files to a PC or via the Internet, you should encode
them. Use the utility Drop Staff (part of the system software) to
compress/encode your files prior transfer. Use Stuffit Expander (part of
the system software) to decode and uncompress them. The name extension
is file.sit.hqx
o Compatible formats - You can transfer freely files which have
compatible formats in other platforms: office documents, tiff, jpg and
other graphic formats, ASCII, HTML, PDF, etc. Make sure to add the
proper extension to the file.name ..
o In order to avoid problems with doc files, try saving them as rtf.
o ASCII – Line feed is not standard in Macintosh, and might appear as
control characters under UNIX. Most FTP programs deal with it while
transferring the file. You can also use the editor BBedit in order to save
the file properly.
o Converting files – Use MacLink (commercial) to convert non-Hebrew
files both ways. Use Use Ksharim (commercial) to convert
Hebrew/Arabic files.
Media –
o Burning CD- Burn as ISO for compatibility. You can also try the option
Mac Os and Pc (Hybrid) – it works sometimes.
o Format diskettes and ZIPS as MS-DOS, But make sure to avoid multi
level folders. Format diskettes from the system: Special->Erase Disk and
choose the MS-DOS format.
o Format Zip drives format ONLY with the Iomega utility.
• Network connectivity
o Dave – Adds drivers to the Macintosh to connect to Windows
(commercial)
o PcMacLan – Window application. Connects PCs to AppleTalk networks.
o Netware clients – Novell client for Macintosh. Another possibility is to
add to the Novell server AppleTalk support (Older versions), Appleshare
over IP support (current version)
o Timbuktu - A cross platform application that takes over a computer,.or
the free VNC application. They both make a great support tool as well.
o Remote Desktop – Mac Os X client
o Terminal emulation – A Java based application –
HOBLinkJWT.
• Emulation – Virtual PC is a fine Windows emulation.
• Linux – There are several editions to Macintosh (no RedHat):
LinuxPPC, YellowDog, MandrakePPC, SUSE. They are not easy to
install – but possible.
• Mac OS X – Provides better compatibility to Unix (it is unix based)
and to Windows.
Hebrew Compatibility
§ Microsoft office - No Hebrew support. There is an option to view Hebrew docs.
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System 8.6/9.x up, and Office 98 /2001. Open the file, Select all, choose a
Hebrew font. For better results copy the file content and paste it into a Nisus
document. Powerpoint will not work at all in Hebrew.
Text Encodings - System 9.x has better compatibility due to version 1.6 of Text
Encodings. As a result Message written in Hebrew will appear correctly in mail
clients. You can replace Text Encoding in system 8.6 to the more updated
version: Copy the Folder Text Encodings from the System Folder, and the
Extension Text Encoding Converter.
Browsers - Install the fonts Arial Hebrew, Karen and NaveInternet (remove
the current version of NaveInternet in System 8.6 – if exists). Configure
Netscape 4 settings: http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/hebrew.shtml Mozilla and
Netscape7 will work fine with Hebrew. No Hebrew support for Explorer.
E-Mail – When correct version of Text Encodings is installed, both Eudora and
Outlook Express will usually show Hebrew (not perfect though). The best E-Mail
client for writing Hebrew messages is Netscape 7: you will need to choose an ISO
encoding.
Ksharim – A converter application between Mac and Pc for Hebrew files.
Appearance – Viewing Hebrew in the Finder depends first of all on the default
language.
o Up to Sys 9.1 - The control panels LanguageSwitch / ScriptSwitcher
will help you change the default language of the System. If Hebrew is the
default language you will be able to name and view Hebrew file names. If
Roman script is the default language, go to the Appearance control
Panel, Click the Fonts tab and choose a Hebrew font from the View Font
list.
o Sys 9.2.x – The switchers will not work. The Appearance will work.
You can use Yeda’s addition – script2go for levels of Hebrew .
Language kits – Apple is providing language kits as part of the system installer
since system version 8.5. In order to add a language, either go to the Software
Installers folder in the system CD locate the languages kits folder and install, or
double click the main installer, choose add/remove software, choose custom
install, check the languages category, choose the languages you want to install
from the list, click Install. Make sure you are using the same system version that
is installed in your computer. For older system versions you will need Yeda’s
licensing to add their language installer, or Apple’s Language kits.
Apple’s kits/Yeda’s packs – Yeda’s solutions are more complete, but can be
problematic with certain applications.
Incompatibility with other applications – Some application will clash with the
system’s Hebrew support. To check if this is the case, turn off the WorldScrip
extension in the Extension Manager control panel and restart. Some applications
will work fine with WorlsScript but will fail lo load when Hebrew is the default
language. For example: Office98 with system 8.6. Change the default language to
Roman. Remove System Folder->Text Encodings->Hebrew Encoding. Or
upgrade the Text Encodings engine and files to version 1.6.
9.2.2 Hebrew bug – Might cause file names corruption. Solution: A patch to
the system (or the latest installer). To fix the names you’ll need to run a script
called bidi from os x.
Networking
TCP/IP
TCP/IP Control Panel
o File->Configuration – Name connections, and enables to switch
between them. Use the Export option for backing up configurations
o Edit->User Mode
§ Advanced - enables the Info & Options buttons. Info shows
Mac address (can also be obtained from Apple System
Profiler). Options – switch between active/inactive. Don’t use
the Only use when needed option
§ Administrator- enables to lock settings
o Connect via - Choose the suitable hardware connection. Usually ppp
(dial-up) or Ethernet
o Configure – Choose Using PPP server for dialup; Manually /DHCP
for LAN networking according network specifications
o Additional Search domains: Must be configured, or DNS will not
function.
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Remote Access Control Panel (=dialup).
Access: via Control Panels or via Control Strips: Set up, choose configuration,
connect, disconnect via Control Strips
•
File->Configuration – Name connections, and enables to switch
between them. Use the Export option for backing up configurations
o Edit->User Mode
o Administrator- enables to lock settings
• Status – Status details are trustful.
• Option button – Redial, prompt connection, idle time disconnect.
Check the options: Allow error correction… & Use TCP header..
Uncheck the Connect automatically… if it causes the computer to
dial when restarting.
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Modem Control Panel
Choose the right port and the modem script that best fits your modem.
Troubleshooting
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The modem is not responding – Check the Modem Control Panel
and verify that the right port is selected under Connect Via. If it is
correct, go to Apple Profiler to verify the system recognizes your
modem. If not you might have a system failure (wrong version of
system for powerbook) or hardware problem.
The server does not respond properly – Check the modem script
Could not detect a dial tone – Problem with the line/telephone cord
The script: Apple Internal 56k Modem (v.90) might cause often
disconnecting. If this problem occurs, switch to the Apple Internal
56k Modem (v.34) script.
Authenticating failed – Problem with username/password. Check that
the language is not set to Hebrew, and that Capslock is not pressed. If
it is confirmed that there is no authentication problems, try putting
away the folder Remote Access from System Folder-> Preferences,
and set up from start.
Connection is established successfully, but Internet application
won’t work.
o Make sure that the problem occurs on more than one
application (mail, browser, telnet). And that it is not a local
application setup problem
o Validate DNS setup in the TCP/IP control Panel
o Remove and reinstall from the System CD the Networking
package. If the problem remains, you’ll need to reinstall the
System software.
o When connecting via Ethernet – Check if you’ve got
AppleTalk communication. Go to the Control Panel
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AppleTalk and choose Ethernet. Go to the Chooser and try to
connect to a network device. If connection is successful than
there is a problem with TCP settings / modules. If not
successful start up from a System start up (insert cd, restart
while pressing the C key)
Setting up connection
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Via modem – see full guide:
http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/connect/dialmac.shtml
ADSL
o Alcatel Ethernet – A 3rd party software (Tunnel Builder) is needed. It is
very easy to set up, but the software is commercial and downloadable for
30 days only. After 30 days you’ll need either to purchase it or to reinstall
it. Full guide: http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/connect/adslmac.shtml.
(MacOsX has got free/buit-in clients)
o ADSL-USB – For now the only kind that works is Alcatel USB Speed
Touch. Works with MacOsX as well. Full guide:
http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/connect/adslmac.shtml.
VPN (dorms) – Tunnel Builder is required. Differ from ADSL from home, and
an manual IP isfor the TCP/IP is required.
http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/connect/vpn/vpnmac.shtml
Setting up proxies – see full guide:
http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/web/proxy.shtml
Setting up mail clients: http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/mail/mail.shtml
TCP Applications
Free/demo/shareware applications can be downloaded from: http://mac.huji.ac.il/
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Telnet – NCSA Telnet, Better Telnet.
SSH – MacSSH PPC
FTP – Fetch, Anarchie
SFTP – MacSFTP (site license)
FTP, HTTP demon - NetPresemz
Browsers – Internet Explorer, Netscape 4, 6, 7, Mozilla. Netscape7/Mozilla are
recommended for better Hebrew compatibility.
o Netscape4 – Personal files location: System Folder->Preferences>Netscape (or Netscape Users)
o Netscape6,7,Mozilla – Personal file location: Documents->Mozilla
E-Mail clients – Eudora, Outlook Express, Outlook, Entourage, Netscape
o Eudora – Very popular. Personal files can be found in System Folder or
in the Documents Folder
o Outlook Express, Outlook, Entourage – Personal files in Documents.
Entourage is part of Office 2001. Outlook has got a Control Panel –
Outlook Settings to configure first.
Ping, DNS, etc, - MacTCP watcher. No built-in utility.
WebDAV - Goliath
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AppleTalk
AppleTalk is Apple’s LAN protocol for connecting computers and printers over
LocalTalk/Ethernet hardware connection.
Control Panel AppleTalk – (Network Control Panel in older system versions)
Choose the hardware connection type (Ethernet, Infrared, printer port, etc.)
Chooser – The Chooser let’s you connect to other accessible AppleTalk devices –
usually other Macintosh computers or network printers. Make sure AppleTalk is on.
Choose the device icon on the right side of the window: Click the AppleShare icon
to connect to another computer. The server’s name should appear on the right side of
the window. Double click it and login. In large networks like HUJI there is a logical
division to zones. Every building resides in a different zone. The division is done in
the router.
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•
AppleShare over IP – As for years file sharing was done over Apples’
AppleTalk protocol, since system 8.x Apple has added the option to enable file
sharing over TCP/IP. In order to connect in this method, click the AppleShare
icon, click the Server IP Address and type in the IP address of the server you
want to connect to. Then proceed with the login.
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File Sharing Control Panel – (=Sharing Setup, Users and Groups control
Panels in older system versions). This Control Panel enables your computer to
become a file server. Fill out the required fields and click the start button. Click
the check box of Enable File Sharing clients to connect over TCP/IP. Now you
will be able to connect to your computer over the network (AppleTalk&TCP/IP)
as an owner and access all your disk content even fro your home computer.
In order to define other users as well, click the Users & Groups tab and create
users.
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Granting users privileges – Open your hard disk and select a folder. Ctrl+click
it or go to File->Get Info->Sharing. Choose a user from the list, and set the
suitable privileges for the user. Now when connecting to your computer, the user
will only have access to this folder.
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Troubleshooting
o Server doesn’t appear in the chooser – Check the AppleTalk Control
Panel and make sure both computers are set on the same hardware
connection.
o Starting File Sharing can not be concluded – Zap the Pram (Restart the
computer while holding down the following keys:Command+alt+p+r.
o If AppleTalk connection over Ethernet is not stable, it might be a bug
Apple has with Cisco equipment. Ask communication team to change port
specification to 100 Half. (New generation computers)
Rama Friedlander [email protected]
The Authority for Computation, Communication & Information
Copyright ©, 2002, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. All Rights Reserved
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