Macedonia: Security Sector Reform Between Post-Conflict

Akademisches Netzwerk Südosteuropa/Academic Network Southeast Europe
www.akademischesnetzwerk-soe.net / www.academicnetwork-see.net
Workshop XIV 412-VS MPS/DAAD WS 2007/2008
19 to 25 November 2007
Location: Skopje, Tetovo, Gostivar, Struga, Ohrid
Macedonia: Security Sector Reform
Between Post-Conflict Peace Building and EU Integration
Akademisches Netzwerk Südosteuropa/Academic Network South Eastern Europe
www.akademischesnetzwerk-soe.net / www.academicnetwork-see.net
Workshop XIV 412-VS MPS/DAAD WS 2007/2008
19 to 25 November 2007
Location: Skopje, Tetovo, Gostivar, Struga, Ohrid
Macedonia: Security Sector Reform.
Between Post-Conflict Peace Building and EU Integration
The seminar is a part of the long-term project of the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy
at the University of Hamburg (IFSH) on building up an Academic Network of South East Europe. The
project is supported by funds of the DAAD-support program as a part of the stability pact for Southeast
Europe. Participants of the workshop are students of the master course (Master of Peace and Security
Studies in Hamburg/Germany) as well as other participants from South Eastern Europe. Partners so far
are the Universities of Sarajevo, Novi Sad, Rijeka, Prishtina, Skopje and Tetovo. The next partner should
be the University of Ljubljana.
The workshop deals with the current political situation in Macedonia. As Macedonia is a transitional
country, the focus will be on power-sharing system, security-sector reform, privatisation of security,
peace building and regional security relations. Students’ personal initiative in the network shall contribute to a peaceful solution in the area. In order to enable students to get an insight into the problems
and issues in Macedonia, briefings, lectures and discussions will be held by representatives of various
ministries, NGOs, international actors, university professors and both students from Germany and students from Macedonia. The workshop will give participants the opportunity to get in touch with people
and institutiones from various backgrounds. Additionally, the network itself fosters peaceful solutions
for various regional conflicts by strengthening tolerance, understanding and communication between its
members. The workshop will also be used to bring partners of the Academic Network South East Europe
together to discuss future common projects, e.g. comparative research in the sector of human rights, security sector reform or in the drafting of regulations for master programs in the field of peace research.
Working language: English
Cooperation partners in Macedonia:
Prof. Biljana Vankovska
University of Skopje
Albulena Halili
SEEU Tetovo
OTL i.G. Heinrich Kindinger
German Military Attaché
Organizers of the workshop:
Dr. Patricia Schneider
Naida Mehmedbegovic
Program of the Workshop
19.-25.11.2007
Skopje, Tetovo, Gostivar, Struga,
Ohrid
1st Day (Monday), 19.11.2007
Time
Topic
16.00
17.00 – 18.00
Arrival, Accomodation in Hotel „Centar“
Venue: Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Dame Gruev 6, 1000 Skopje
Briefing by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Afterwards 11.45 – 13.00
13.00 – 14.30
14.30 – 14.45
14.45 – 15.45
15.45 – 17.15
17.15 – 18.15
Speakers/Responsible
Venue: Conference Hall, Faculty of
Philosophy, University of Skopje,
1st Floor
Presentation on reforms of higher education
in Macedonia
10.45 – 11.00
11.00 – 11.45
Pajo Avirovic - State Counsellor for
Public Diplomacy
Agneza Rusi - State Counsellor for
European Union
Dinner (nonobligatory, not yet confirmed)
2nd Day (Tuesday), 20.11.2007
Time
Topic
10.00 – 10.45
Speakers/Responsible
Coffee break
Presentation on current situation at the Faculty of Philosophy
Lunch break in the Faculty cafeteria
Lectures:
Macedonia: A country report
Challenges of security sector reform in
Macedonia
Coffee break
Students presentations:
Implementation of the Euro Atlantic standards in Macedonian security sector
Building a post-conflict society
Discussion
Group presentation by MPS students:
Security sector reform and its relation to
human security in general and minority
protection in particular – regional spotlights
(Slovenia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Germany, Scotland, France, Thailand, Bosnia and
Herzegovina)
Presentation on the work of Friedrich-Ebert
Foundation in Macedonia with discussion
Prof. Zoran Velkovski, PhD,
vice-rector for teaching at the University of Skopje
Prof. Trajan Gocevski, dean of the
Faculty
Prof. Biljana Vankovska
Prof. Lidija Georgieva
Speaker: Tanja Miloševska
Speaker: Oliver Stanoeski
Sebastian M., Natalie M., Anne L.,
Assol R., Nina M., Christine S., Christine J., Maren K., Constanze B.
Stefan Dehnert, Friedrich-Ebert
Foundation
3rd Day (Wednesday), 21.11.2007
Time
Topic
09.30 – 10.45
Venue: Conference Hall, Faculty of
Philosophy, University of Skopje,
1st Floor
Presentation on reforms of the defence sector
and restructuring of Macedonian army
10.00 – 11.00
11.00 – 12.30
12.30 – 13.30
13.30 – 14.30
14.30 – 14.45
14.45 – 16.00
16.00 – 17.30
20.00
Coffee break
Presentations by NGO representatives:
NGO “Common Values“
Women Civic Initiative “ANTICO”
Lunch in the Faculty cafeteria
Presentation by German-Macedonian Business
Association with discussion
Coffee break
Presentation on police reform as a part of the
security sector reform
Lecture: How to teach about genocide and war
crimes in post-genocide society
Concert of the ensemble ARKO and mandolin orchestra „Skopje“ in the National Gallery
(Daut Pasin Amam) - Free entrance
4th Day (Thursday), 22.11.2007
Time
Topic
09.00
09.30 – 10.30
Speakers/Responsible
Colonel Ljube Dukoski, Head of
Department for Policy and Planing, Ministry of Defence
Edita Mersimi
Gjuner Nebiu
Anette Kasten (not confirmed)
Prof. Trpe Stojanovski
Prof. Janja Bec Neumann
nonobligatory
Speakers/Responsible
Departure in front of the hotel “Centar“
Venue: German Embassy, Lerinska
Street 59, 1000 Skopje
Presentations by German embassy officials:
Political situation in Macedonia, cooperation
between Germany and Macedonia, NATO and
EU Membership
Ralf Andreas Breth, German
Ambassador to the Republic of
Macedonia
Presentation on Education and Culture
Dorothea Gieselmann, responsible for culture and public relations in the German embassy
Bilateral cooperation illustrated by German
Army and the Macedonian Ministry of Defence
and Armed Forces
Stephan Heiermann, Master
Sergeant
Arthur L. Beglinger, Lt. Col., Defence Attaché at the Embassy of
the Kingdom of the Netherlands
10.30 – 10.45
Coffee break
10.45 – 12.15
Presentation by the EU Mission
Erwan Fouéré, ambassador,
Special Representative of the
European Union and Head of
the Delegation of the European
Commission
12.15 – 13.00
13.00 – 14.30
Lunch break
Presentation by the OSCE Spillover Monitor
Mission to Skopje
14.30 – 15.15
Presentation by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute
of Human Rights
16.00 – 18.00
20.00
Sightseeing in Skopje with a tour guide
Symphonic Concert – 63 years of Macedonian
Philharmonic Orchestra (Venue: Mac. Philharmony, Costs: 200 Denar / nonobligatory)
5th Day (Friday), 23.11.2007
Time
Topic
08.30
Departure from hotel “Centar” and travel to the
SEE University in Tetovo
09.30 – 10.15
Presentation on the SEE University
10.15 – 10.30
10.30 – 11.30
Coffee break
Lecture:
The process of the multiethnic state-building in
Macedonia (main points: preventive engagement role of the international community; comparative approach to the security developments
in the peaceful process in Macedonia with
developments in the Balkans at large; reforms
in the security system in Macedonia within the
framework of the Ohrid Framework Agreement
requirements and NATO integration
Presentation of the work of Roma Democratic
Development Association “Sonce”
Lunch break
Departure from the SEE University
11.30 – 12.00
12.00 – 13.00
13.00
13.30 – 14.30
Visit to Šarena Džamija (“The decorated
Mosque”) and The Arabati Baba Teke in Tetovo
14.30 – 15.30
15.30 – 16.30
16.30 – 19.30
Travel to Gostivar
Presentation of the work of the NGO “The Association for Democratic Initiatives
(Address: Bul. Braka Ginovski 61
3rd Entrance, 3rd Floor, Gostivar)
Departure from Gostivar and travel to Ohrid
19.30
Check-in in the hotel „Riviera“
6th Day (Saturday), 24.11.2007
Time
Time
9.00
Departure to Struga
Domenico Albonetti
Acting Chief of the Political/Reporting Unit
Darko Angelov
Senior Political Assistant
Filippo Unterhofer, Project Manager
Mirije Sulmati, Junior Professional Assistant on Human Rights
Speakers/Responsible
Zamir Dika PhD, pro-rector for
academic issues
Doc. Dr. Veton Latifi, Professor at
the SEE University (PhD in Political Sciences)
Nadir Rexhepi, executive director
of “Sonce”
Ana Koroleva, Human Rights
Intern at ADI
Other ADI representatives
Time
9.30 – 10.30
10.30 – 12.00
12.00 – 12.30
12.30 – 19.00
20.00
Visit to the Association for development and
activism “Aqua”, Struga
Presentation on post-conflict period, the role of
the organization in encouraging living in mutleiethnic environment, and the role of the the
NGO sector in EU integration in relations with
the multiethnic characteristics of our society
Sightseeing in Struga (including Poetry Bridge,
Natural Museum „Nezglobinski“ and Ethno
Museum)
Travel to Ohrid
08.30 – 10.00
10.00 – 14.00
14.00
Katerina Vasileska
Sightseeing in and around Ohrid (with lunch at Katerina Vasileska
a local sendwich restaurant), including Museum
of the city of Ohrid (entrance fee: 1,5 €), workshop for handmade paper, a visit to the church
St. Sofia, to the Antique Theater, the church
Virgin Mary (entrance fee: 1,5 €), Tsar Samuil‘s
Fortress (entrance fee: 0,5 €), Paloshnik locality and fishermen‘s settlement Kaneo (with a
coffee break there). Return to the centre with
boat (ticket price: 1,- €)
Farewell dinner in restaurant “Belvedere”
7th Day (Sunday), 25.11.2007
Time
Topic
08.00
Arbresha Vlashi
Speakers/Responsible
Departure from hotel “Riviera” to St. Naum
Monastery
Visit to St. Naum Monastery
Travel from St. Naum Monastery to Skopje (for
lunch there will be sandwiches available)
Arrival at the airport Skopje and departure
Accommodation in Skopje:
Hotel “Centar”
Bul. “Kočo Racin” b.b.
1000 Skopje
Tel. 00389 (0) 2 3120-300
http://www.hotelcentar.com.mk/
Katerina Vasileska
Accommodation in Ohrid:
Hotel “Riviera”
Kej Maršal Tito 6
Ohrid
Tel. 00389 (0) 46 268-735
http://www.rivierahotel.com.mk/index-en.html
Contact:
Dr. Patricia Schneider
Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (IFSH)
Beim Schlump 83, 20144 Hamburg, Germany
[email protected], www.ifsh.de/zeus
Master program: http://www.ifsh.de/IFSH_english/studium/mps.htm
SEE-Network: www.academicnetwork-see.net
Mobile phones of organizers for emergencies:
Dr. Patricia Schneider: 0049-172-4183507 (German and English)
Naida Mehmedbegovic: 0049-177-3108007 (German, English, Bosnian-Croat-Serbian)
(Mobile phone during the workshop: 00389-70 690 061)
Monday, 19 November 2007
Briefing at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia in
Skopje:
Mr. Pajo Avirovic, Director of the Diplomatic Department:
Pajo Avirovic described freedom, democracy, respect for
human rights and the development of a market economy as
the focal points of Macedonia’s foreign policy. The main
aspiration of the country is EU and NATO accession. By
declaring independence in 1991, Macedonia fulfilled the
first condition for EU membership and thus gained
candidate status.
The country is expecting NATO accession at the
organisation’s next summit in 2008. Macedonia now prides
itself on being an independent multi-ethnic democracy. In
addition to Macedonians, about 25% of the population are
ethnic Albanians. Turks and Roma also live in the country.
Refugees from Kosovo constitute 18% of the population.
The ministry stressed the equality of all ethnic communities.
Although Macedonia takes great pride in the peaceful coexistence of its ethnically mixed population, there is no governmental platform where
strategies may be exchanged in order to help other countries to resolve ethnic tensions within
their borders.
Mrs. Agneza Rusi, State Chancellor for EU Relations:
Mrs. Rusi informed her audience that diplomatic relations with
the EU were established in December 1995. In 1996, a
cooperation agreement between the EU and the Republic of
Macedonia was signed. From 1996 to 1999 Macedonia was
included in the PHARE Programme. Macedonia also signed the
Stabilization and Association Agreement. The application for
EU accession was submitted in 2004. In 2005 the European
Commission adopted an Opinion on the EU membership
application of Macedonia. The process of accession was thus launched.
Mrs. Rusi elaborated on visa regulation issues and relations
with Macedonia’s neighbouring countries. Cooperation
among the Balkan countries is developing. Slovenia has been
offering advisory support for Macedonia’s EU accession.
Greece, however, is still reluctant to accept the name
‘Republic of Macedonia’ and continues to refer to the
country as the ‘Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’.
(Minutes taken by Assol Rustamova & Sebastian Meyer)
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Tuesday, 20 November 2007
Presentations on Reforms of Higher Education in Macedonia, University of
Skopje:
Prof. Zoran Velkovski, PhD, vice-rector for teaching at the University of Skopje:
Prof. Velkovski, vice-rector for teaching at the Ss. Cyril and
Methodius University in Skopje gave the international
participants of the workshop a warm welcome. Elaborating
on the historical development of the university, he explained
that the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje was
founded in 1949 and consisted of merely three faculties.
Today it prides itself on its three faculties, ten research
institutes and other institutions where 36,000 students from
the Republic of Macedonia as well as over 700 foreign
students study, and over 2,300 teaching and scientific staff
and associates work. More than 100,000 students have
acquired their Bachelor’s degrees, 5,000 candidates obtained
their Master’s degrees, and more than 2,000 doctorates
finished their PhD. The final implementation stage of the Bologna Process will be
successfully completed in 2008.
Professor Trajan Gocevski, dean of the Faculty of Philosophy:
Prof. Trajan Gocevski subsequently introduced his
department, which is the oldest of the university.
Founded well before the university itself, its history
dates back to 1920. It continues to be the most diverse
faculty, offering 13 undergraduate and 15 graduate
courses with a total student body of about 5,000 young
women and men. Subjects such as philosophy, history,
sociology, psychology and pedagogy, and defence and
peace studies are taught. Prof. Gocevski drew attention
to the institute of defence and peace studies as it is the
first of its kind in Macedonia. The teaching staff not
only participates in the academic life of the university,
but also in the political sphere of Macedonia and the
security sector reform. The institute has dedicated its research to national security and defence
studies, including democratic management of the safety-defence sector. Other focal points
include defence politics and strategy, civil defence management as well as risks and threat
assessments.
(Minutes taken by Anne-Kristin Linke & Sebastian Meyer)
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Professor Biljana Vankovska, Institute of Defence and Peace Studies at the University of
Skopje:
Prof. Vankovska critically assessed the socio-political conditions and circumstances of the
Macedonian security conflict since 1991 in order to
unravel the official optimistic discourse. Prof. Vankovska
claimed that Macedonia had not been prepared for the
breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991. When the Yugoslav
Peoples Army withdrew in 1992, Macedonia was
completely demilitarized and had to rearm by its own
means. She criticized the first UN preventive mission,
which was initiated in order to avoid a spillover from
Kosovo, for its inability to assess the fragile security
situation within Macedonia’s borders. Macedonia was in a
hopeless economic, social and political situation. UN
sanctions against Serbia and the economic embargo by Greece worsened the situation.
Prof. Vankovska also deplored the UN focus on multiethnic dialogue which failed to address
the economic causes of inter-ethnic tensions. Moreover, the Kosovo crisis could have been
prevented if the international community had paid closer attention to the province. The air
strikes against Serbia encouraged Kosovo Albanians in their pursuit of independence and, at
the same time, discouraged the Albanian population of Macedonia from participating in the
creation of a multhi-ethnic society. Prof. Vankovska blamed the constitution of 1991 for the
escalation of the conflict in 2001. She also stressed the fact that the conflict was triggered by
politics and not cross-ethnic tensions.
She was sceptical of the Ohrid Framework Agreement because of its unclear legal status
(domestic or international agreement) and the language it was written in, namely English, not
Macedonian
and
Albanian.
Prof.
Vankovska also claimed that Macedonia’s
pursuit of NATO and EU membership
poses a threat to human security.
According to her, Macedonia’s civil
society has to bear the brunt of transition.
In the name of EU and NATO accession,
the Macedonian government makes its
people available to the European market as
cheap labourers, rather than working
towards the elimination of the ethnic lines
along
which
Macedonia’s
society
continues to be divided.
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Professor Lidija Georgieva, Department of Defence and Peace Studies at the University
of Skopje:
Prof. Georgieva’s presentation “From conceptual acronym
towards guiding conception” consisted of a systematic
overview of the Security Sector Reform (SSR). She defined
the terms SSR, Security Sector (SS) and Security Sector
Governance. In addition to the official SSR definition (Ball
1998; UK, DFID, 1999) she offered a broader definition of the
term SSR and also mentioned its inherent contradictions. We
were informed about the Security Sector providers, actors and
SSR activities. According to Prof. Georgieva, the SS
encompasses the following elements: the implementation of the
rule of law, development, and burden sharing.
The commitment of intergovernmental organizations (e.g. EU, NATO, OECD/DAC) is
crucial to the success of security sector reform in Macedonia. In conclusion of her
presentation, Prof. Georgieva summed up the challenges and priorities of SSR, e.g. SSR
context (conflict, post-conflict) SSR action plans. After her presentation, Prof. Georgieva
answered some questions about the role of the OSCE, NGOs and civil society. Advocating a
holistic approach, Prof. Georgieva stressed that SSR is an essentially regional approach. She
also emphasized the need to develop a local perspective and bottom up approach in order to
counteract the tendency of a ‘stolen conflict’ upon which the international community
imposes its perception and solution to the conflict.
(Minutes taken by Maren Kraushaar & Nina Mahnecke)
A Presentation by the Students of the University of Skopje: 'The implementation
of the Euro Atlantic standards in the Macedonian security sector':
Mrs. Tanja Milosevska, Student at the University of Skopje:
Tanja Milosevska, student of the University Saint
Cyril and Method of Skopje discussed the
“Implementation of the Euro Atlantic standards in
the Macedonian security sector.” After providing
her audience with some important historical and
geographic background information about the
Republic of Macedonia, she elaborated on the
country's defence and security policy and its
ambitious attempts to become a NATO and EU
member state. Macedonia's defence policy consists
of three phases: the first phase was initiated by the
declaration of independence of Macedonia, the second by the structuring of the defenceprotection system. The third and most important was the institutionalization of the national
defence policy and the national defence system in order to cooperate with international
defence systems and NATO.
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By pointing to statistical evidence, Miss Milosevska explained that the population's main
expectations from NATO membership are the protection of the sovereignty of Macedonia,
followed by the guaranteed protection of the country in case of an armed attack against it by
another country. However, the same percentage believes that Macedonia would not gain
anything. Nevertheless, 90% of the population is in favour of NATO membership.
The Macedonian army consists of 7700 active components and is financed by 2.3-3.6 of GDP,
relatively high numbers compared to most EU member states. However, no price seems too
high for NATO membership. Macedonia even participates in the EU military mission in
Bosnia and Herzegovina (ALTHEA). EU accession was another important aspect of the
presentation. In 2005 Macedonia gained candidate status. The national border security system
has been restructured to be in conformity with the EU requirements for states striving for
accession.
Mr. Oliver Stanoeski and Mrs. Rajna Badeva, Students at the University of Skopje,
Institute of Defense and Peace Studies:
‘Building a post-conflict society’:
Oliver Stanoeski opened the group presentation by asserting
that the success of a security sector reform depends on a
nation’s capacity to emerge from its violent past and build a
post-conflict society. After providing the audience with a
brief definition of SSR, he mentioned the most important
security sector actors by citing the OECD (2005). Moreover,
he singled out DDR (Disarmament, Demobilization,
Reintegration) and police sector reform as the most crucial
issues regarding reforms in Macedonia, which were also the
focal points of his presentation.
Earlier this year, he presented his professor with his idea to do a talk on DDR in Macedonia.
His professor responded that this was going to be a rather short presentation, as there was no
DDR going on in Macedonia. This was certainly true, yet he was going to elaborate on what
needed to be done to initiate the DDR process. Mr. Stanoeski defined disarmament as the
collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and
light and heavy weapons of combatants and the civilian population. Demobilization is the
formal and controlled discharge of combatants from armed forces and groups. The term
reintegration stands for the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and find
sustainable employment and income. He also addressed the challenges to the DDR process.
“Essential Harvest” by NATO, “SACIM” (small arms control in Macedonia) by UNDP and
the national initiative “STOP for Weapons” were all operations aimed at the collection of
illegal weapons. They failed, however, to accomplish their goals. According to Mr. Stanoeski,
there are still many people in possession of illegal arms.
There has not been much progress in the area of demobilization and reintegration. Operations
aimed at the demobilization of the National Liberation Army have been as unsuccessful as the
demobilization of the national armed forces. Organised crime, the high unemployment rate
among former combatants and the threat posed by terrorist groups continue to endanger the
fragile security situation in Macedonia.
6
Rajna Badeva described the police reform as one of the
most crucial elements of SSR. In the context of the police
reform, the following issues were addressed: efficiency of
police operations, public service for citizens,
responsibility, integrity and motivation of police officers,
and the fight against organized crime and corruption.
Ms. Badeva also elaborated on significant political
achievements. First of all, she mentioned the Ohrid
Framework Agreement of 2001, which is regarded as the foundation for all kinds of reforms
concerning the security sector. She also mentioned the EU Stabilization and Association
Agreement which created an incentive for the initiation of projects and missions realized by
the EU (CARDS Twinning Project, EC JHAT, EUPOL, EC PRC etc.). Ms Badeva also
acknowledged the contributions made by various international organization, such as the
OSCE, with its International Criminal Investigative Assistance Training Program (ICITAP)
and UNDP.
Finally, Badeva pointed out the unresolved issues. According to her, devolution of
competencies, implementation of a legal framework, and equal representation of ethnic
communities are issues which have not been addressed properly. Nonetheless, if the police
reform is conducted in accordance with OFA and European guidelines the police service will
work more efficiently, the organizational structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will be
re-established in line with the police systems in Europe and the implementation of the rule of
law and internationally recognized human rights standards will be improved.
(Minutes taken by Christine Jung & Constanze Bönig)
Stefan Dehnert, Friedrich-Ebert Foundation (FES) in Macedonia:
Stefan Dehnert, head of the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation in Macedonia,
allowed great insight into the work of the foundation in South East
Europe with special focus on Macedonia and the peace and conflict
impact assessment. At the beginning of the transition process, the
Friedrich-Ebert Foundation in Sofia
supported various activities in the
Republic of Macedonia. In 1996, the office in Skopje was
opened; the foundation has been expanding the Macedonian
program in successive stages ever since. The focus areas are
democratisation and institution building, socio-economic
reforms, labour relations, and inter-ethnic cooperation.
The Friedrich-Ebert Foundation seeks to support the
democratisation and institution-building process by nurturing
a culture of peaceful political competition. The foundation
publishes a report on an annual basis, the Barometer, which
analyses current events and the development of Macedonia’s
political parties. Moreover, training courses in political
management, regular discussion groups and seminars on various political issues are organised
and supported by local partners, such as the Institute for Sociological and Political-Juristic
7
Research and the Institute for Democracy, Solidarity and Civil Society. Projects dedicated to
the establishment of a cross-ethnic dialogue tackle the issue of ethnic tension at the local
level. Various projects are dedicated to the implementation of human rights as well as
women’s rights. In this context, special attention is paid to women from rural areas.
In the wake of the inter-ethnic tensions which escalated in 2001, the FES initiated a peace and
conflict impact assessment (PCIA) in cooperation with the German Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)-based FriEnt group (Working Group on
Peace and Development and other partners) in order to develop a conflict-sensitive program
for Macedonia. The initial theoretical approach was followed by a fact-finding mission in
2002. The PCIA took place between 2002 and 2005 and involved project planning,
monitoring and evaluating. All five steps of the PCIA contained a theoretical element: (I)
conflict analysis (2002), (II) development of options for action, (III) conflict sensitive project
planning (both 2003), (IV) conflict monitoring (2005) and (V) conflict-related impact analysis
(end of 2005). Some core issues have been identified since 2003, and the Friedrich Ebert
Foundation has thus contributed to Macedonia’s pursuit of NATO and EU accession and the
implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement.
(Minutes taken by Anne-Kristin Linke & Christine Jung)
Wednesday, 21 November 2007
A Presentation by the Ministry of Defence of Macedonia:
Col. Ljube Dukoski, Head of Department for Policy and Planning, Ministry of Defence,
Republic of Macedonia:
Col. Dukoski announced that three of the four phases of the
defence reform of the Macedonian Armed Forces have already
been completed. He explained how important NATO politics
are for the defence policy of the Republic Macedonia.
Although Macedonia is a peaceful Balkan country and
primarily concerned with economic development, NATO
membership is one of its main goals. According to Col.
Dukoski, the country needs assistance in dealing with new
global threats like international terrorism, weapons of mass
destruction, the illegal trade in small arms, and human and
drug trafficking. The currently-running defence reform is
designed to support Macedonia in its pursuit of NATO membership.
In the first phase of the defence reform, which took place from ’92 to ’98, a defence system
was built. The poorly equipped defence forces of the country were armed with outdated
weapons and could only guarantee border protection. The first phase thus consisted of the
purchase of more modern weapons and the creation of a new military academy. The second
phase (’98 to’03) consisted of a mainly structural reform. The armed forces were transformed
from corps to brigade structure. The three new brigades were entrusted with the following
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tasks:
1st brigade: border security
2nd brigade: contribution to international operations
3rd brigade: civilian support.
Cooperation within the Partnership for Peace framework
was also intensified. During the third phase, which has
been running since ’03, the number of armed forces has
been reduced to 7700 troops and a reserve force of 1500
has been installed. The newly created instruments in the
armed forces, such as the HR management department,
the education and training department, as well as the
equipment and modernisation department will continue to
transform and modernise the Macedonian armed forces in order to achieve NATO
membership during the forth phase, which will be initiated in 2008. Macedonia has been
contributing to international missions. Eleven Macedonian soldiers are currently deployed in
Afghanistan in support of the ISAF mission. Nine soldiers are taking part in the IRAQ
mission and further contingents are deployed to support ALTHEA in BiH, UNIFIL and the
KFOR mission. The main goal of the defence reform is the transformation of at least 40% of
the armed forces into deployable forces. Future contributions to international missions are
planned.
(Minutes taken by Sebastian Schilling-Gerke & Nina Mahnecke)
A Presentation by NGO representatives of Common Values: The Citizens’
Association for Support of Interethnic Dialogue and Community Development
Mrs. Edita Mersimi:
The presentation held by Edita Mersimi, program assistant of
Common Values, allowed insight into the mission statement,
activities and current projects of the multiethnic nongovernmental organization (NGO)
Common Values. Founded in 2001,
the organisation seeks to encourage
and support civil dialogue for equal
participation
of
all
ethnic
communities at the local and national levels. It is financed by the
Open Society Institute, The King Baudouin Foundation, the
Charles Stewart Matt Foundation and the European Commission.
In addition to the promotion of cross-ethnic dialogue and multiethnic participation in the decision-making process, main tasks of
Common Values are the dissemination of information, lobbying
for sustainable community development, and the strengthening of
NGO capacities in general.
Their goals are reflected in the NGO's three areas of operation: Firstly, law implementation
through (for example) the publication of information manuals on ethnic community rights;
9
secondly, civil sector capacity building through trainings and public debates; and thirdly, the
exchange of experiences on the regional and national levels as well as international
cooperation through conferences and partnerships.
In order to achieve its goals Common Values cooperates with other NGOs, such as the
Committee for Inter-Ethnic Relations and Commission on Inter-Community Relations, the
ombudsman, and also the media. All publications are translated into six languages in order to
reflect the multi-ethnic and multi-linguistic nature of the NGO.
(Minutes taken by Maren Kraushaar & Natalie Majcenovic)
A Presentation by the Women Civic Initiative ANTICO: Role of Women in Peace
Development”:
Mrs. Gjuner Nebiu:
“Gender equality is a fact found only on paper. Look at the
3,6% of women who were recently represented in
governmental institutions in Macedonia. Without the
introduction of the quota system it would still be the same.”
The introductory sentences of Mrs. Gjuner Nebiu show that
the work of ANTICO, a civic initiative of women leaders and
active women’s movement in the Republic of Macedonia, is
more than justified in order to tackle issues of gender
discrimination, which continue to be endemic to Macedonia’s
political as well as social sphere.
In 1999, the idea to establish a women’s civic initiative sprung
up spontaneously during a seminar on “Women and Women’s
Organizing for Peace and the Civil Society in Macedonia”.
This initial idea developed steadily into a multiethnic network
of women's NGOs, which has organized more than 800
multiethnic workshops and 34 round tables in 7 multiethnic
communities on the topic of “Women in Multicultural Crisis –
How to Keep the Peace”. Moreover, it has participated in the
national campaign “Peace without -Borders” and continues to
conduct a wide variety of programs, whose main goals are the
promotion of women's participation in the political domain
(“Women Can Do It”).
Past campaigns consisted of door-to-door education of female voters (“Our vote decides”),
especially in rural communities, and the establishment and maintenance of ties with local
authorities, political parties and other relevant institutions. Moreover, an initiative for the
establishment of a Gender Commission, a campaign on the implementation of a Genderequality law and a Commission for Equal Opportunities are underway. When asked why she
was still talking about discrimination when so many women's NGOs already exist, Mrs.
Nebiu explained that gender discrimination was still endemic to the strictly patriarchal society
of Macedonia and that women continue to be disadvantaged especially in terms of salaries.
1
Mrs. Nebiu finished her presentation by emphasizing that gender equality plays a pivotal role
in the creation of a peaceful and truly democratic society.
(Minutes taken by Maren Kraushaar & Natalie Majcenovic)
A Presentation by the Representative Office of the German Economy in
Macedonia (AHK) and German Macedonian Business Association (DMWV):
Mrs. Annette Karsten:
Annette Karsten, the General Secretary of the German Macedonian Business Association
(DMWV) gave an overview of the activities of the Representative Office of the German
Economy in Macedonia (AHK) and the DMWV as well as Macedonia’s economic
performance in general. The AHK is an association of mostly Macedonian companies and an
increasing number of German companies. It potentially manifests, according to Mrs. Karsten,
the basis for a future chamber of commerce. The AHK serves as a source of information for
the German Ministry of Economics and conducts market research.
Regarding the economic situation of Macedonia, Mrs Karsten mentioned the low real GDP of
2.830 US dollar per year and blames the lack of foreign direct investment (FDI). GermanMacedonian trade relations are confined to the import of cloth to Macedonia (40, 9%) and the
export of manufactured textiles to Germany (71, 8%). Besides
textiles, German companies are involved in the media print
and construction industries in Macedonia. In order to show the
work of the DMWV, characterised as the voice of the German
business community and their Macedonian partners, Mrs
Karsten presented a survey on the current business situation,
conducted in March 2006. While the general evaluation of the
business situation is quite negative, companies are optimistic
regarding their own benefits and their future performance,
mainly due to cheap labour costs. Efficient public administration and the fight against
corruption are rated among the most pressing reform issues.
Finally, Mrs Karsten introduced the campaign “Invest in
Macedonia” which has been designed to attract FDI. The
skilled and cheap workforce, state support as well as the
strategic geographic position of Macedonia are seen as
country’s most attractive socio-economic features. Since
Macedonia does not constitute a significant market due to
its low population, it is instead advertised as a strategic
production site.
(Minutes taken by Maren Kraushaar & Christine Jung)
1
A Presentation about Police Reform as Part of the Security Sector Reform:
Professor Trpe Stojanovski, PhD:
Prof. Trpe Stojanovski, Assistant Minister for International Cooperation and European
Integration at the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia, began his
presentation about the “Police Reform as Part of the
Security Sector Reform” by elaborating on some essential
historical facts and events which preceded the security
sector reform in Macedonia. After declaring independence
in 1991, UN accession followed. Macedonia, however,
was affected by the conflicts raging in its neighboring
countries, which slowed down the reform process.
In 2001, the Ohrid Framework Agreement was signed in
order to counter new threats to Macedonia's national
security, such as organized crime, and to increase the
efficiency of the police. Prof. Stojanovski highlighted the
challenges of the centralized police structure and its
transfer to a more decentralized police organization by
focusing on the Police Act, a national law which constitutes a vital part of the Police Reform
Strategy.
The ultimate goal of the reform is an increased adherence to the rule of law and human rights
standards as well as the installation of accountable and effective police forces. Prof.
Stojanosvki finished his presentation by stressing the importance of an integrated approach to
the police reform, which must put and end to corruption and
human rights violation committed by police officers.
(Minutes taken by Natalie Majcenovic & Anne-Kristin
Linke)
1
Lecture: ‘How to teach about Genocide?’
Professor Janja Bec Neumann, Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Zagreb,
Department of Sociology:
“Is it necessary to teach about genocide in a post-genocide society?” Most of the participants
answered “yes”, while only a few remained undecided. Mrs. Bec Neumann's academic
commitment is inextricably intertwined with her personal experiences. This became clear when
she introduced herself as a Serbian national who stood witness to the horrendous war of
aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s.
She initially approached the issues of war crimes and ethnic
cleansing in a rather formal and institutionalized way as an
investigator for ICTY. Later on, she began to compile the stories
that the victims and witnesses of the war had told her. These stories
were published, and the personal narratives contained in the book
finally drew attention to the Balkan conflict which had been
ignored for too long. In her books, Mrs. Bec Neumann uses a
unique storytelling methodology. She also developed a course
called “How to teach about genocide and war crimes in postgenocide society” in 2002. The last interdisciplinary session was
held in Dubrovnic in the spring of 2007.
Prof. Bec Neumann has devoted her research to the analysis of direct and indirect traumas
caused by war and violent conflict. According to her, the hatred of one generation will simply
be reproduced by the next one if past traumas are not openly dealt with. Moreover, the
Balkans will not emerge from its violent past if ethnic reconciliation is not made a political
and inter-personal priority.
(Minutes taken by Constanze Bönig & Nina Mahnecke)
Thursday, 22 November 2007
A Presentation on the Political Situation in Macedonia, Cooperation between
Germany and Macedonia, and NATO and EU Membership at the German
Embassy in Skopje:
Ralf Andreas Breth, German Ambassador to the Republic of Macedonia:
In his presentation Ambassador Ralf Andreas Breth
explored current foreign policy issues such as the status of
Kosovo, Macedonia’s NATO accession, and securityrelated concerns such as the recent police operation in the
northwestern part of Macedonia which claimed the lives
of 6 ethnic Albanians. Elaborating on Macedonia’s
recently established democratic structures and its party
system, Mr. Breth explained that the fragmentation of
bigger parties into smaller factions is often accompanied
by the fragmentation of the constituencies of the major
1
political parties. The implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement serves as the
foundation for cross-ethnic dialogue in the political domain, as it provides all ethnic
communities with an equal right to participation in the political decision making process. The
initiation of a decentralization process followed the adoption of the OFA. The political elite of
Macedonia thus seeks to ensure equal representation of the country’s ethnic communities. The
representation of Albanians in the educational sector has already been achieved. The Roma
community of Macedonia, however, continues to be underrepresented. Progress has also been
made in the fight against corruption, as pointed out by Transparency International. Macedonia
has risen to the 84th position.
EU and NATO accession remains a priority on Macedonia’s political agenda. The republic
gained EU candidate status in December 2005, but not all requirements for accession have
been fulfilled. The last progress report, issued in November 2007, deplored the insufficient
development of the judiciary. The Slovenian EU presidency in 2008 may serve as a starting
point for further negotiations between the EU and Macedonia. While the question of EU
membership remains unresolved, NATO accession is expected for 2008.
Mrs. Dorothea Gieselmann, Department for Culture and Public Relations at the
German Embassy:
Mrs. Gieselmann offered insight into the media landscape of
Macedonia. There are six major TV-stations for the different
ethnic and linguistic communities. Moreover, 130 radio stations
and a large number of newspapers are registered. Some of them
are, however, under-funded as their readership is small and the
advertising market remains inefficient. According to Mrs.
Gieselmann, the media sector is also closely interwoven with
partisan politics, and international donors have thus lost interest in
the promotion of the media landscape in Macedonia.
(Minutes taken by Anne-Kristin Linke & Natalie Majcenovic)
A Presentation be the EU Mission in Macedonia:
Mr. Gerard McGurk, Political Adviser to the Ambassador of the EC in Macedonia:
Mr. McGurk, political advisor to the ambassador of the EC in Macedonia, introduced the
international participants of the workshop to the EU perspective on the security sector reform
(SSR) in Macedonia. According to him, SSR in Macedonia still faces many challenges, for
example the incoherency of SSR-strategies. However, progress has been made since 2005
when Macedonia was invited to join the SAA-process. International actors such as the USA,
EU, OSCE and NATO have been supporting the reform process and have thus contributed to
the implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement. A major incentive for the successful
implementation of the OFA is EU accession. The pursuit of EU membership manifests itself
in Macedonia's democratization process, which incorporates the promotion and protection of
human rights and the implementation of anti-corruption laws.
1
Elaborating on the challenges to security sector reform, Mr. McGurk drew attention to the
lack of national consensus on security sector issues caused by the insufficient leadership of
Macedonia's ruling elite. The needs of the Macedonian people are not properly addressed by
the government, as it does not provide civil society with a forum where its demands can be
politicised. Moreover, politicians often breach EU guidelines while publicly demanding their
implementation. An example of such double standards is the possession of illegal weapons
while arguing for disarmament.
Mr. McGurk was of the opinion that Macedonia's civil
society had to empowered if the security sector reform was
to be fully implemented. EU guidelines had to be followed
and nationalist opposition overcome. He also argued for
more transparency and reminded the government of its
responsibility to fight corruption at all levels. He considered
inter-ethnic contracts as potential solutions to the ethnic
rivalry and discrimination which continue to obstruct the
creation of a truly democratic and multi-ethnic state.
(Minutes taken by Constanze Bönig & Christina Sell)
A Presentation by the OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje:
Mr. Domenico Albonetti, Acting Chief of the Political/Reporting Unit:
The workshop participants were informed that the history of the OSCE dates back to the
1970s, when the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) was organised
in order to promote dialogue between countries of the western hemisphere and the Soviet
Union. Whereas the Soviet Union emphasized its right to sovereignty and border security,
western countries argued for a human rights-based approach to security. The Helsinki Final
Act of 1975 thus contained multiple definitions of security. These definitions encompassed
issues of military, economic-environmental, and human security. The end of the Cold War
and the subsequent adoption of the Charter of Paris for a New Europe put new items on the
CSCE agenda, such as election monitoring. In 1995 the CSCE was transformed into the
OSCE. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human
Rights (ODIHR), High Commissioner on National Minorities, and OSCE Representative on
Freedom of the Media constitute the structure of the organisation. Fact finding missions and
field activities mandated by the Permanent Council serve as instruments of early warning
programs, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation.
The initial focus of the OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission in Skopje
was the observation of the country's stability, inter-ethnic relations
and border security. The OSCE has been contributing to the
implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement by supporting
the police reform and media development. The most significant
development in terms of the implementation of the rule of law has
been negotiations concerning Macedonia's EU accession. The
activities of the OSCE in the area of media development include
advisory assistance, expertise and technical assistance, especially to
local broadcasting companies. The OSCE also supports the
decentralisation process, aspires to empower NGOs, organizes
1
training courses for judges, and argues for the installation of mechanisms for the prevention of
human trafficking.
Raul Corea Cruz, Chief of Police Development Department:
Raul Corea Cruz used to be a police inspector in the National Police Force of Spain. As an
employee of the OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje he is responsible for the
development of the Macedonian police forces and community policing issues. A persistent
challenge has been the bad reputation of the police, which has been criticised for not fully
reflecting the diverse nature of Macedonian society because of reluctance to recruit police
officers from different ethnic backgrounds. The OSCE aspires to rebuild trust in the police by
implementing projects such as ‘Road Safety for All’, a traffic education program for children.
The Macedonian police force has also organised open door days, workshops, and seminars.
Every two years the OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje conducts a survey to find out
how Macedonia's citizens perceive the police. The OSCE will continue to work towards
greater transparency of the police and the equal representation of the ethnic communities
within the forces.
Darko Angelov, Senior Political Assistant:
According to Darko Angelov, an additional task of the OSCE in Macedonia is to advise the
police, leaders of political parties and NGOs and to coordinate the cooperation with other
international organisations, such as the UN, EU, NATO, Council of Europe, IMF, World
Bank and EBRD, USAID, international NGOs and foundations, and Embassies. Moreover,
the OSCE Spillover Mission to Skopje exchanges information with other OSCE institutions,
contributes to the composition of draft reports during
elections, and supports the implementation of minority
rights.
(Minutes taken by Assol Rustamova & Natalie Majcenovic)
1
A Presentation by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights (BIM):
Mr. Ninoslav Mladenovic:
Human rights expert Mr. Mladenovic informed his audience about the Human Rights
Based Approach (HRBA) of the BIM in Macedonia. The main features of HRBA are
poverty reduction strategies aimed at increased accountability as well as international
assistance and cooperation. More examples can be found in the “International and
National Legal Framework for Human Rights for Macedonia” which was published by
BIM and supported by UNDP. The international human rights regime includes
international treaties, international monitoring (e.g. judgments from the ECourtHR), the
Millennium Development Goals and the EU Human Rights Framework. Mr.
Mladenovic outlined the domestic human rights framework. One component of this
framework is the Macedonian Constitution of 1991, which includes a modern
catalogue of human rights. He then outlined the Ohrid Framework Agreement 2001.
He also asked his audience for a definition of poverty. Answers included lack of
education, lack of food, and a definition put forth by Mahatma Gandhi.
The presentation by Mirije Sulmati, Junior Professional Assistant on Human Rights, revolved
around the Joint Inclusion Memorandum (JIM), which is part of the accession partnership
between the EU and the candidate country. She stressed that
the JIM is not only a document, but also a strategy paper
used to prepare Macedonia for full participation upon its EU
accession. Mrs. Sulmati emphasized the importance of
incorporating HRBA into JIM.
(Minutes taken by Nina Mahnecke & Maren Kraushaar)
Friday, 23 November 2007
Lecture: “Preventive engagement of the international community: a model case
of Macedonia”:
Dr. Veton Latifi, Lecturer at the South-East-European University, Tetovo:
Dr. Veton Latifi gave a lecture on the role of the
international community in the reconstruction of
Macedonia as a multi-ethnic state. The nation-building
process officially began with the adoption of the Ohrid
Framework Agreement (OFA) in 2001 and is expected to
culminate in EU and NATO accession. According to Dr.
Latifi, Macedonia has fulfilled all conditions set forth in
the OFA in order to become both a EU and NATO member
state. As all stages of the implementation process of the
agreement have been completed due to the commitment of
1
the international community, Macedonia prides itself on being a success story.
Nonetheless, Macedonia’s situation remains paradoxical: On the one hand, the country aspires
to EU membership, but on the other hand international troops and representatives are still
deployed in Macedonia. The presence of the international community is still necessary in
order to assist the security sector reform and fight corruption and organised crime.
Another problem is the reluctance of some politicians to fully implement the Ohrid
Framework Agreement. This is particularly evident in terms of the unequal representation of
the ethnic communities in Macedonia. Proportional representation has been achieved in the
police and military sector, but not in the public administration sector. Dr. Latifi argued that
the international community has to keep exerting pressure on Macedonia. Otherwise, the
country's ruling elite will fail to live up to its duties and
responsibilities set forth in the OFA and ultimately
jeopardize both NATO and EU accession. Dr. Latifi also
deplored the excessive power of politicians which is a
product Macedonia's insufficiently developed civil society.
(Minutes taken by Christine Jung & Sebastian SchillingGerke)
A Presentation by The Association for Democratic Initiatives (ADI), Gostivar:
Mr. Albert Musliu, Executive Director of ADI:
The Association for Democratic
Initiatives (ADI) is a multiethnic nongovernmental organization in special
consultative status with the Economic
and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the
United Nations. Founded in Gostivar
in 1994 during a period of civil war in the Balkans, the organization’s goals are the
implementation of human rights and civil society projects which promote democracy and
support peace and stability both in Macedonia and
Southeast Europe. ADI has successfully
implemented hundreds of projects throughout
Macedonia and has expanded its area of action to
neighbouring countries. Moreover, ADI has
established offices in Kosova (Prishtina), Albania
(Tirana), Bosnia & Herzegovina (Sarajevo) and the
USA (New York). ADI is a founding member of
the Steering Committee of the Balkan Human
Rights Network (BHRN), founding member and
member of the Board of Directors of the South
East European Refugee Assistance Network (SEE1
RAN), member of the European Committee on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), member of the
International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA), member of CIVITAS International
and has been elected Sub-regional Coordinator of the UN-NGO Informal Regional Network /
Eastern Europe.
Mr. Albert Musliu, executive director of ADI, pointed out that democratisation cannot occur
in the absence of a solid human rights regime. When asked about the nature of human rights
violations committed in Macedonia, Mr.Musliu responded that the civil and political rights of
Macedonia’s citizens are most likely to be breached by the
state. ADI thus seeks to promote the involvement of
Macedonia’s civil society in the political decision making
process. At the same time, he emphasized that NGOs are
designed to raise awareness and educate people about their
rights. The responsibility to act upon one’s rights and
promote active citizenship lies with the individual. Mr.
Musliu thus indirectly described the limitations to the work
of a an NGO: it will remain powerless not only if the state
refuses to provide it with a platform where its concerns can be politicised, but also if the
people whose rights it seeks to promote fail to recognise their duties as citizens and do not act
upon their right to political participation. Political stability and robust democratic structures
can only emerge from active citizenship.
(Minutes taken by Christina Sell & Assol Rustamova)
A Presentation by the Association for Activism and Development (Aqua), Struga
Mrs. Abresha Vlashi:
The Association for Activism and Development (Aqua) is a multiethnic NGO located in Struga. Its mission is the promotion of the
decentralisation process while lobbying for the equal representation
of Macedonia's ethnic communities in both the local and national
political domains. Mrs. Vlashi was contemptuous of the political
discourse in Macedonia, which continues to be dominated by
nationalists who pursue the protection of their status quo rather than
the promotion of peaceful multi-ethnic co-existence. She critically
assessed the role of Macedonia's civil society, which continues to be
weak as result of both lack of commitment and inability to access the
political sphere. In this context, it becomes clear that the efforts of
those in favour of cross-ethnic contact will be in vain if the
governmental framework does not provide the agents of civil society with a forum where their
ideas can be politicised. She also reminded us that a peace agreement, such as the Ohrid
Framework Agreement, is not simply the end to war and violent conflict, but also the starting
point for building a new and possibly improved society. Moreover, such an agreement defines
power relations and identifies priorities for political action.
Mrs. Vlashi argued that NGOs often contributed more than authorities and international
organizations to the peace building process as they revive local economies and rebuild crossethnic social networks. Peace cannot be imposed from above, but has to be a process in which
all members of society are involved. After all, civil society bears the burden of having to
1
translate abstract provisions into concrete initiatives for reconstruction. However, irrespective
of the successes achieved by civil society institutions in cooperation with the international
community, while NGO activity crosses nationalist and ethnic boundaries, challenges the
agendas of local elites, and does seem to be mobilizing citizens to make use of democratic
processes, the capacity of civil society to realize radical transformation is contingent upon
more fundamental institutional and political change, which has not occurred yet in
Macedonia.
(Minutes taken by Christina Sell & Sebastian Meyer)
2
Short list of participants:
1. Amedov Emil
2. Angeleska Meri
3. Arsovska Sonja
4. Badeva Rajna
5. Bajramovic Zlatan
6. Prof. Bec Neumann Janja
7. Besimi Vullnet
8. Bönig Constanze
9. Cvetkovski Sergej
10. Dr.Dudas Boris
11. Gebauer Niko
12. Hadzic Ermin
13. Hoti Afrim
14. Ivanova Antoaneta
15. Ivkovic Marko
16. Jung Christine
17. Kadriu Besa
18. Kitanovic Boban
19. Koteski Vlatko
20. Kraushaar Maren
21. Linke Anne-Kristin
22. Mahnecke Nina
23. Majcenovic Natalie
24. Mehmedbegovic Naida
25. Meyer Sebastian
26. Milosevska Tanja
27. Prof. Nakarada Radmila
28. Popovic Djordje
29. Reininghaus Frank
30. Rexhepi Sevil
31. Rustamova Assol
32. Rustemi Agron
33. Schilling-Gerke Sebastian
34. Dr.Schneider Patricia
35. Seferi Mentor
36. Sell Christina
37. Sokolowska Patrycja
38. Spaseski Marjan
39. Stanoeski Oliver
40. Vasileska Katerina
41. Vukanovski Gjoko
42. Zdravev Damjan
43. Zendelovski Goran
44. Zulfiu Merita
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Germany
Macedonia
Germany
Macedonia
Croatia
Germany
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Germany
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Germany
Germany
Germany
Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Germany
Macedonia
Serbia
Serbia
Germany
Macedonia
Uzbekistan
Macedonia
Germany
Germany
Kosovo
Germany
Poland
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia
Macedonia