Fishmail 15 (3) for pdf - Malaysian Fisheries Society

FISHMAIL
Established 1987
PUBLICATION OF THE MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
VOLUME 15, 1SSUE 3, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2006
IN THIS ISSUE:
INDUCED BREEDING FOR MARINE
FINFISH FOR BEGINNERS………………………...Pg 7
TRIP TO INDONESIA………………………………..Pg 11
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN SEAFOOD
PRODUCTION………………………………………....Pg 12
MUD POND KOI RESORTS………………………….Pg 14
SEMINAR ON DISEASE MANAGEMENT
FOR MARINE FISH CULTURE…………..………….Pg 16
TRACEABILITY IN ASIAN AQUAFEEDS………..Pg 17
MFS AFFILIATES WITH THE WAS…..…………..Pg 20
MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
PERSATUAN PERIKANAN MALAYSIA
MFS COUNCIL 2006/ 2008
Established 1987
PRESIDENT - Mr Ng Chee Kiat
[email protected]
VICE PRESIDENT - Assoc Prof Dr. Hassan Hj. Mohd Daud
[email protected]
SECRETARY - Dr. Annie Christianus
[email protected]
TREASURER - Mr. Perumal Kuppan
[email protected]
Erin Tan Chung Wei
[email protected]
Dr. Subha Bhassu
[email protected]
Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohamed Shariff Mohamed Din
[email protected]
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ng Wing Keong
[email protected]
Dr. Zuridah Merican
[email protected]
Mr. Yip Kam Toh
[email protected]
Mr. Mahmud Ismail
[email protected]
[email protected]
Mr Lim Song Mong
AUDITORS
Mr Ronald Cheong
Mr Ronnie Tan
C/O: AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH UNIT
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
43400 SERDANG, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
TEL: +603-89468288 FAX:+603-89488246
http://www.vet.upm.edu.my/`~mfs/
“To champion the aquaculture and fishery industry towards a
healthy, balanced and sustainable development”
2
Pg
Dear members,
Another 3 months have flown by.
During this time, many events have happened. Two council meetings were held,
one in Star FeedMills and one in UPM.
MFS took part in the Aquafair 2006 where
our publications were sold and a successful membership drive was undertaken.
MFS was also involved in talks with the
World Aquaculture Society and MFS is
now officially affiliated with WAS. As a follow up to the Mahseer 2006 conference
held in March 2006, the setting up of a
Mahseer R&D Centre is now underway.
This issue of Fishmail is particularly
exciting as there are many new activities
planned for 2007. The details can all be
found in here. If you are interested,
please contact the secretariat via email or
call the office.
In the first quarter of 2007, there
will be a study tour to Indonesia to visit
fishfarms, shrimp farms and the Botanical
Garden. There will also be 2 Seminars
hosted by MFS and partners, one regarding Disease Management and the other
in New Seafood Technologies. In conjunction with the New Seafood Technologies Seminar, our 20th Anniversary celebration dinner will be held on that day. To
commemorate our 20th year anniversary,
there will be a Photo Contest and during
the dinner a photo exhibition. The photo
contest is for members only. The Photo
Exhibition will be produced by various organizations showcasing the 20 years of
Malaysian Fisheries.
Be sure remember and check out
all these exciting events and more in
2007!. Please forward me any comments
or interesting articles that you may have.
Feliz Navidad everyone and best wishes
for the new year!
President’s Message
4
Secretary’s Message
5
Winner of Western Australia Education
Department Award
6
Upcoming Events
6
Induced Breeding of Marine FinFish for
Beginners
7
Photo Contest
Indonesia Trip
10
11
New Technologies in Seafood Production Seminar
12
Star FeedMills
13
Mud Pond Koi Resorts
14
Seminar– Disease Management for
Marine Fish Culture
16
Traceability in Asian Aquafeeds
17
Mahseer R & D Centre
19
WAS Affiliation
20
New Members
21
Corporate Members
22
Advertisements
22
Publications
23
On the Cover:
1ST PRIZE RANCHU AT AQUAFAIR 2006
Erin Tan
[email protected]
017-3388816
CURTESY OF CHONG XU JENN
3
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
December 2006
Time flies when you are caught up with lots to
do. We are already at the tail end of 2006 and the
MFS will be 20 by the next Fishmail issue. In the
last few weeks, an interesting news article stated
that by the year 2048 the oceans will be depleted
of all its natural fishery resource. While I do not
hold such a pessimistic view about our oceans,
this shows there is a need for each and every
government of the world to put in place a plan to
meet the fish protein requirement through aquaculture.
The publications of the Mahseer Symposium
proceedings should be ready within the next
month as the editorial team is in the final stages
of putting together this publication. On the upcoming AGM in March 2007, in line with the 20th anniversary, we are planning to have a
photo contest entitled “20 years of Malaysian Fisheries” and you can find more about this
competition in the FishMail. We are also planning a dinner to commemorate this important
milestone in the history of the MFS.
The MFS Council had the opportunity to hold its meeting at the newly completed CP Feedmill (Star Feedmill) complex in Beranang, which when in full operation can meet all the
aquafeed requirements of Malaysia. Being self sustaining in feed production will have positive benefits for aquaculture in Malaysia. Some important events have taken place in the local scene, the most recent being the Aquafair show at KLCC as well as the MAHA exhibition at Serdang. The Study Tour to Indonesia has been postponed to January 2007 and you
can read about the details in the FishMail. This will of course be followed up with our Annual General Meeting in March 2007.
In addition to the Asian Fisheries Society (AFS) the MFS is now officially affiliated with
the World Aquaculture Society (WAS) and MFS members can enjoy all the benefits of
WAS publications and events in Malaysia. We are also seeking to co-host the WAS meeting
in Kuala Lumpur in 2011 so members can look forward to Malaysia being the focus of
aquaculture and fisheries in a few years.
Deepavali and Hari Raya have come by and Christmas and Chinese New Year will be upon
us soon so I take this opportunity to wish everyone a blessed Christmas and a prosperous
New Year for 2007 as we look forward to the challenges and success the future holds for us.
Best wishes
Ng Chee Kiat
President (2006-2008)
4
SECRETARY’S MESSAGE
Dr Annie Christianus (far
right)
Dear Members,
December 2006
The fourth and fifth council meetings were held on 4 November and 16 December
2006 at the Star Feedmills Sdn. Bhd. at Beranang, Selangor and Department of Agricultural
Technology, Faculty of Agriculture 2, UPM, Serdang, Selangor.
In those two meetings, the it was decided that the technical trip to Indonesia will be postponed to 17-21 January 2007. Since space is limited, interested members are advised to contact Secretariat for booking.
The Society welcomes the newly co-opted Mr. Lim Soom Mong replacing Dr. Mohd. Salleh
Kamarudin, who has recently resigned from the council.
The Society will also be organizing a half-day seminar on “DISEASE MANAGEMENT
FOR MARINE FISH CULTURE”, scheduled for 31 January and 2 February 2007 at Port
Klang and Kukup, respectively. This seminar is free but interested members are required to
register. The one-day seminar on “NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN SEAFOOD PRODUCTION” will be held on the 31st March 2007. The Annual General Meeting will take place at
lunch time on the same day. To commemorate the Society’s 20th Anniversary, posters exhibition and photo contest will be carried out concurrently with the seminar. Interesting prizes
will be given to the best 3 photos reflecting the theme “20 YEARS OF MALAYSIAN
FISHERIES”.
Tentatively, there are 2 more technical trips planned for 2007. Those are for Vietnam
(August) and India (November).
Please visit the Society Website at http://www.vet.upm.edu.my/`~mfs/ for the latest announcements and updates.
Important request: Please update us your latest email address (email to [email protected] or [email protected]).
A Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to all!
The Secretary,
Malaysian Fisheries Society
5
Founding MFS member- Dr Micheal Cheah: Winner of Western
Australia Education Department's Trainer of the Year Award
Dr Michael Cheah, who completed his doctorate in marine science at CDU under Professor David Parry, has won the WA Education
Department’s Trainer of the Year award. Dr Cheah is a lecturer in marine
science and aquaculture who now teaches at the Central West TAFE in
the northern coastal town of Geraldton.
Last year he was highly commended for his skills as a lecturer in
the WA Premier’s Teacher of the Year award and clinched the TAFE
award this year for his work with st$udents in enhancing their training opportunities in aquaculture. His students have benefited from his efforts in
finding them work placements in the local fishing industries, particularly
with silver perch, marron and yabby farming.
Dr Cheah moved to Geraldton in 1996 to help drive aquaculture
training in the coastal town and now works from a new $12 million centre
called the Batavia Coast Maritime Institute that combines training with
research into fishing and aquaculture. The institute also possesses a $1.5
million training and research vessel with facilities for pearl oyster seeding.
Originally from Malaysia, Dr Cheah completed his first degree at
the University of Science in Malaysia in 1975 and went to the United States to undertake a Masters’ degree at
Auburn University in Alabama. When it came time to study for his doctorate in 1993, Dr Cheah chose Charles
Darwin University (then Northern Territory University) because, he says, its new marine research facilities and
staff were highly regarded. He graduated in 1996.
SOCIETY
Event
Venue
Date
Trip to Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia
17-20th Jan 2007
Disease Management for Marine Fish Culture (Free)
Port Klang, Selangor &
Kukup, Johor
Jan 31st 2007 &
Feb 2nd 2007
Photo Contest
-
Closing Feb 28th 2007
New Technologies in Seafood
Production Seminar
Palm Garden Hotel
31st March 2007
20th Anniversary Celebration
(Dinner and photo exhibition)
Palm Garden Hotel
31st March 2007
Technical Trip to Vietnam
Hanoi, Vietnam
6th-8th August, 2007
Technical Trip to India
Cochin, India
20th-23rd November 2007
WORLD
Event
Venue
Date
The Arabian Seas International Conference on
Salmiya, Kuwait
Science and Technology of Aquaculture,Fisheries
and Oceanography
11th-14th February 2007
Aquaculture 2007
San Antonio, Texas
26th Feb– 2 March 2007
FISHLINK 2007
Iloilo, Philippines
17th –19th May 2007
International Marine Aquarium Conference
Chicago, Illinois
1st -3rd June 2007
Middle East Aquaculture and Fishing
Dubai, UAE
23rd-26th April 2007
6
Induced Breeding of Marine Finfish For Beginners
Teoh Pik Neng and Hussin Mat Ali
Introduction
day of the Chinese lunar calendar. Secondly
broodstock must be mature enough and this
will depend on each species, as an example,
for tiger groupers, a suitable brood fish
should weight about 4 kg and above.
Fishes have different strategies in
term of their sexual development and differentiation. The first is hemaphrorodite
protandrous and the second, hemaphrodite
protogynous. An excellent representative of
the former is our local Siakap (Lates calcarifer), one of the most cultured species in
Malaysia, where the fish matures as a male
and as it grows older it will differentiate
into a female. The grouper is a good example of hemaphrodite protogynous fishes, it
matures as female first then at a certain
point of its’ life cycle it differentiates into a
male. This information is vital when purchasing broodstock so that your broodstock
will not have an imbalanced sex ratio (this
is not the proper way to sex a fish but
merely a reminder that some fishes change
their sex as they grow older and size or
weight is just a rough indication of age. The
proper way to determine sex is through cannulation). Deformed fishes should be discarded, as these fishes might be carrying
defective genes that caused the deformity.
Sick fishes are also not suitable and this is
to avoid disease transmission to the larvae.
Marine finfish in the natural environment spawns naturally and consistently
according to its’ spawning season. However
in captivity such as those that kept in indoor
hatcheries, most of the fish will not spawn.
And this is because the tank or cage environment is not the same as those in the sea.
These fishes do undergo oogenesis or in
another word, egg development, in captivity, but due to the differences in their environment, the eggs are not released. Therefore these fishes have to be induced to
spawn via hormonal therapies, to guarantee
the consistent supply of eggs in terms of
quantity and the timing of egg production.
Fish biology
Before we move on to the topic of
hormonal therapies, there are a few things
that need to be clarified. In order for a successful spawning, first we have to know a
little about the reproductive biology of the
fish, most importantly the spawning season
and the maturity of the fish. Little do people
know that most cultured fishes spawn according to certain moon phases. In the natural environment, the spawning season happens around the first quarter of the moon
phase or the third quarter of the moon
phase. To put it in general terms, we can
simply refer it to the Chinese lunar calendar, where the first quarter of the moon
phase actually coincides with the first day
of the month and the third quarter is on 15th
Sex determination
Theoretically, for each kg of marine
finfish, the number of eggs that can be produced is around 0.5 million. From experience with tiger groupers, it is about 100,000
to about 300,000 eggs per kg of body
Marine Finfish Production and Research Center
Department of Fisheries Malaysia
Tanjung Demong
22200 Besut, Terengganu
7
should expect non-hydrated eggs and there
should be a lot of eggs. The diameter of the
eggs should be more than 400 µm or above
as a general guide, it should be round in
shape and be loosely packed. If eggs are not
round, but look like they have disintegrated,
they are overripe. These eggs are spoilt.
Physically, the abdominal shape of a mature
female with eggs is somewhat round in
shape, for groupers, the area around the
genital pore might be protruded. The appropriate size of cannula tube is 1mm in outer
diameter and about 0.8 mm in inner diameter.
weight. Generally, for 3 pieces of female
fishes with the total weight of 13 kg, one
can expect more than 4 million eggs per
spawning season. Apart from that, the sex
ratio is important, as insufficient males will
cause an increase in unfertilized eggs and
Fig a. determination of female maturity by
Hormonal therapies/ Dosage
The most common types of hormones used in fish spawning are; carp pituitary extract, human chorionic gonadotrophin, hCG; and gonadotrophin releasing
hormone analogue, GnRHa from mammal-
this is a waste in cost and labour. Generally,
milt from one male grouper is sufficient to
fertilize eggs from three females, therefore
the sex ratio is 1 male: 3 females. But in the
case of Siakap, red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) and Jenahak (Lutjanus johnii), a sex ratio of 1:1 is preferable. However one must understand that, state of maturity and type of hormones use can have an
effect on fecundity of the fish as well.
Sex determination is normally done
by cannulation. This is a technique where a
polyethelene tiub is inserted into the gonadal pore of the fish, samples of eggs or
sperm are drawn out by sucking, usually by
mouth. The fish is a male if one sees white
creamy liquid in the tube. It should be thick
and creamy. For groupers, using the hand
striping method by applying gentle pressure
on the lower abdominal area will caused
milt to ejaculate from gonadal pore, for Siakap and snappers cannulation might be
required. If the milt looks a bit diluted, it is
low in numbers of sperm and is not suitable
for spawning. For mature females one
Fig b. A mature male tiger grouper which is
running milt, only a gentle pressure is applied
to cause the milt to ooze out
ian or fish. Carp pituitary is mostly meant
for freshwater species, hCG and GnRHa
can be used for both.
The measurement unit for hCG is in IU, a
normal packing comes in 5000 IU, 6500 IU
or 10000 IU per bottle, brands to look for
are Pregnyl and Serano, it could be either
human or hamster origin. GnRHa is meas8
ured in terms of micrograms. There are
many types of GnRHa in the market
mostly of mammalian origin, but those of
fish origin are much more suitable for induced spawning in fish, one can find it easily at Syndel, either in liquid (Ovaprim) or
pellet form (Ovaplant) for implantation purposes.
In terms of dosage, for hCG, generally it is about 500 to 1000 IU per kg of
body weight. One should start with 500 IU
first, then if it does not induce spawning,
dosage should be increase gradually, a dosage that is too high is detrimental to the
fish. Generally, for snappers and Siakap,
500 IU of HCG will work. For groupers,
500 IU should be enough for new broodstock, from experience, after sometime a
Fig d. Sample of hormones, the HCG which
after mixing with saline is liquid and the insulin syringe used to deliver the injection.
Ovaplant in the form of pellet in delivered
through implantation.
nal cavity). Timing of induce spawning
should coincide with the lunar calendar. As
a rule of thumb, it is normally done a few
days before the 1st day of the Chinese lunar
calendar.
Precautions should be taken when it
comes to using these drugs as it will have
effects on human. HCG will cause ovulation and spermiation in human and so will
mammalian based GnRHa. Buserilin, another more potent GnRHa that will inhibit
human prostrate cancer cells from growing,
has been used as a spawning agent.
Conclusion
As mentioned before, there are a
few important things that one should bear in
mind when deciding to spawn a fish. Good
broodstock is a must, checking for the
readiness of the broodstock through cannulation, timing of injection and type hormones used and dosage. If induce spawning
is done in the appropriate manner, it will
result in a successful production of eggs
which is viable and of high quality. Nevertheless good induce spawning should be
coupled with good larviculture skills and
marketing strategy, and this is crucial to
ensure a bright future for the business.
Fig c. Cannulation tube showing eggs by cannulation, eggs should be round, whitish and
measure more than 0.4 mm in diameter. Generally, matured broodstock should have a
rounded and soft belly.
higher (1000 IU) dosage is needed to induce spawning, one should only increase
dosage if the fish cannot be induce at the
lower dose. The suitable dosage for GnRHa
is between 5-20 microgram per kg body
weight, a ready made implant from Syndel
is a convenient choice. Route of administration is normally intramuscular and intraperitoneal (direct injection into the abdomi9
1st Prize: RM 500 2nd Prize: RM 300
3rd Prize: RM 200
PHOTO CONTEST
Malaysian Fisheries Society
Due date: 28th Feb 2007
Submit to: Please send your
photography in a CD to
MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY,
Aquatic Animal Health Unit,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel/Fax: +603-8948-8246
Email:[email protected]
and let us know your first and
last name, postal address and
email. Please print PHOTO
CONTEST on front of envelope.
20 YEARS MALAYSIAN FISHERIES
In celebration of its 20th year anniversary, The Malaysian
Fisheries Society invite photographers from all levels of expertise to enter a Photo Contest titled “20 years in Malaysian
Fisheries” . You do not have to be a member of the society
to participate in this photo contest. Entry is Free for members
of the society, however a joining fee is required of nonmembers. Contest theme is Malaysian based fisheries
and aquaculture. If you are able to tell a story of 20
years, extra points will be awarded.
Rules
• Maximum 3 photography per person
• Your picture has to be hi-res digital
(jpeg only). The minimum size is 864
X 1152 pixels.
• All images taking part in the contest
must be accompanied by a short text
including the following information:
1. Date and location of the photography
2. Title
3. Comments, if any
• Unless a restriction is stated in the
subject, the candidates are free to
submit black & white, sepia or color
pictures.
• Touched-up images are not allowed.
• MFS council members are not allowed
to enter the contest.
Terms and Conditions
•
•
•
•
•
10
The candidates must only present
images for which they possess the
rights.
The winner is chosen by a jury made
up of 5 representatives chosen by the
MFS council.
Decisions made by judges are final.
Any legal action against the jury or
Malaysian Fisheries Society (MFS) and
all associated persons is prohibited.
The submitted images become the
property of MFS.
All candidates taking part in the
contest implicitly accept the terms and
conditions stated in this document.
Jakarta, Indonesia
January 17– Jan 20th, 2007
After visiting Thailand, Vietnam and China, MFS
will be organizing a study tour to Indonesia next.
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic nation (17,000
islands) in the world and has a coastal range
(95,181km) second only to Canada (EarthTrends,
2003). Since 96% of the population lives within
100km of the coast, it is not surprising that Indonesia is the third largest shrimp farming nation in
South East Asia. During out tour there, we will be
visiting marine cage culture finfish farms, freshwater finfish farms, ornamental fish farms, shrimp
farms and the famous Bogor Botanical Gardens
Price: MFS members:
Non members:
RM 1500
RM 1600
Price includes hotel accommodations, flight, meals
and transportation. For more information regarding
registration and payment, please contact:
MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY,
Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel/Fax: +603-8948-8246
Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
The program is limited to 20 participants and acceptance will
be on a first come– first serve basis. Only fully paid applications will be accepted for participation.
11
It is with great pleasure we invite you to our annual seminar entitled “New
Technologies in Seafood Production”. The seminar also coincides with our
20th Anniversary Celebration. Selected prominent speakers have been
invited to present topics to meet the interest of the industry, such as:
i.Production Technology
ii.Seafood Quality & Market Requirements
iii.Disease Management
VENUE: IOI PALM GARDEN HOTEL
DATE: 31 MARCH 2007
Please fill up registration form found in this issue of Fishmail
and send to : MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY,
Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel/Fax: +603-8948-8246
Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
12
Only fully paid participants will be allowed entry into talk seminars. See details in entry
form.
MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT
COUNCIL MEETING AT STAR FEEDMILLS
tar Feedmills is one of the most
modern feed mills in the world for
producing shrimp feed and fish
feed. The production capacity of
shrimp feed is 10tons per hour, and fish
feed is 3 tons per hour. It has the world
most advanced machinery and technology that comprises of 6 shrimp feed pellet machines, 9 shrimp feed grinding machines, 2 shrimp feed mixing machines,
1 fish feed extruder machine, 5 fish feed
grinding machines and 2 fish feed mixing machines. The plant is fully automated
and controlled by PLC system. It accurately controls the ingredient used and
maintains the quality of mixed ingredients. Our main raw material ingredients
are fish meal, wheat flour, soya bean
meal, corn gluten meal, vitamins, minerals, etc. Our feed quality is maintained
by a fully equipped quality control (QC)
laboratory. The MFS council meeting
was held there on the 14th of October
2007
S
13
By
Adrian Chin, MSc
Sentul Park Koi Centre (SPKC)
Koi (nishikigoi) have had a long and
lucrative history in the ornamental fish industry. The art of breeding and generating
the hundreds of varieties of koi was mastered in Japan, and this country continues
to be the leader for producing the best
quality koi. Grand champion koi of prestigious competitions can easily fetch RM1 million! It is no wonder that more and more
people are turning their attention towards
these magnificent fish.
Fig 2: Corralling the Koi
just below Genting Highlands, the center
has 40 mud ponds dedicated to growing
koi. The reason this location was chosen
to hold these expensive fish is because the
water condition is ideal for the development
of top quality koi. The water temperatures
fluctuate between 22-24°C, there are plenty
of plant matter and small prawns for the
young koi to feed on, and the large ponds
gives koi plenty of space to swim around so
they grow big and strong. It’s like the fish
are sent to a spacious resort with a constant all-you-can-eat buffet!
Not just any fish are selected for the
mud pond program. Only fish showing
great potential for quality (tategoi) are selected. Each koi generally range from between RM 5,000-25,000 before going in,
but have a good prospect of becoming
even more valuable as they mature and
Fig 1: Clear cool morning at Janda Baik
The Sentul Park Koi Center located
in the very heart of bustling Kuala Lumpur
is the largest koi center outside of Japan
(solely dedicated to koi). The center aims
to deliver the finest koi to Malaysians. Besides importing every single koi from Japan, the center also has a renowned mud
pond program, which aims to grow your
fish and develop good body structure, the
most important criteria of a top quality koi.
In essence, the mud pond program aims to
bring out the quality in your koi.
Situated in Janda Baik, Pahang,
Fig 3: Getting ready to catch the koi
14
placed in the tank to be taken back to Sentul Park Koi Centre. All the koi that were
harvested were about 2 years old (nissai).
The koi had increased in length by an average of 20cm, but more importantly, had
develop more girth that gives the koi a
more imposing and impressive appearance.
Fig 4: Catching the koi
come to their full their potential after the
mud pond treatment.
We arrived at the site around 8am
to harvest one pond (approximately 1 acre)
containing16 fish. Koi harvests are usually
conducted early in the morning because
the fish are less active and aggressive
when the water temperature is cooler which
Fig 6: Examining the koi
Sentul Park Koi Center’s mud pond
program replicates the model of what Japanese breeders do, following the same strict
water quality maintenance and feeding regimes. In fact, many top breeders have
already visited the mud ponds in Janda
Baik and acknowledge that the results are
legitimate and even advantageous since in
can be used year-round as opposed to
Japanese mud ponds which allows for only
one growing season due to winter.
Fig 5: Beautiful koi from mud ponds
lessens the chances of escape attempts
that may cause injury in the process. A
large seine net was dragged slowly across
the entire pond to round up and capture the
fish.
Once the koi were corralled, they
were individually picked up in clear plastic
bags and brought out of the water to be
measured and inspected before being
Fig 7: Getting koi ready for trip to
Sentul Park Koi Center
15
Malaysian Fisheries Society
Established 1987
Seminar Announcement
DISEASE MANAGEMENT FOR MARINE
FISH CULTURE
Jointly Sponsored by MFS and Schering-Plough
31 JANUARY 2007
Crown Hall, Crystal Crown Hotel, Port Klang, Selangor
2 FEBRUARY 2007
Kukup Golf Club and Country Resort, Kukup, Johor
Speakers:
Prof Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Shariff Mohamed Din
&
Schering-Plough
For further details please contact:
MALAYSIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY,
Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel/Fax: +603-8948-8246
Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
16
Excerpts from Traceability in Asian Aquafeeds:
Should We be Concerned?
Dan Fegan , Alltech Inc.
Bangkok, Thailand
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
cally modified organisms (GMO) were all prominent
issues in major importing countries. The ensuing loss
of public confidence in industry and regulators to
protect consumers led to calls for greater transparency in the standards and handling of food intended
for human and animal use.
At the same time, aquaculture production
practices have come under greater scrutiny by regulators and consumers, particularly in the wake of the
antibiotic residue found in farmed shrimp in the early
2000’s. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics by shrimp
farmers in several Asian countries, together with the
development of more sensitive test methods, resulted in the impoundment and destruction of shipments of shrimp and other seafoods from Asia in the
European Union (EU) as a result of a “zero tolerance” policy. Although this policy was established at
a time when less sensitive methods were used for
testing antibiotic residues, the zero tolerance approach effectively meant that the lowest detectable
limit became the de facto tolerance limit. The resultant bad publicity seriously affected the market for
Asian shrimp products and ushered in a new era of
testing for antibiotic residues and more stringent controls of antibiotic use and availability. The implementation of such controls required improved standards
of documentation and traceability for government
regulators, processors and exporters to ensure that
farmers and suppliers were performing in accordance with the regulations.
In the early 1990’s, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) strongly criticized aquaculture,
especially shrimp and salmon farms, on the grounds
of environmental sustainability. Although many of
their claims were exaggerated, the targeting of consumers in importing countries by the NGOs alerted
the industry to the need to take account of consumer
concerns in the production and marketing of farmed
seafood.
Asian aquaculture has some special issues
in adoption and implementation of such systems at
the farm level. Unlike terrestrial meat production
where many farmers form part of a vertically integrated production process with close control and a
high level of vertical integration, Asian aquaculture
remains mostly dominated by large numbers of small
scale operations, operating independently.
T
Traceability has become an important issue
in the production of food and feeds, especially in the context of safeguarding the
human food supply. In the light of numerous food scares and health concerns associated with diet and food safety issues, demand for greater regulation and scrutiny of
the human food supply chain has grown.
These demands, originally aimed at improving food safety standards in the processing and handling of food, are now being
expanded to look at the impact of production processes on the final product safety.
This has been more evident to date in the
terrestrial animal industries. However, in
the past few years, there has been greater
scrutiny and demands for traceability in the
production and processing of seafood
items, including those from aquaculture.
Although traceability involves increased
effort and documentation, it presents many
opportunities for product differentiation.
Products and companies with the appropriate procedures and documentation will
have a competitive advantage in the market. Companies with open, transparent
traceability systems will be able to service
markets that may be closed or restricted to
those without adequate procedures and
they may be able to command premium
prices. In some market sectors, such the
organic aquaculture sector, traceability may
be essential to demonstrate that standards
have been maintained and fully documented.
Keywords: Traceability, Aquafeed, Regulatory
frameworks, Documentation systems
Introduction
By the late 1990’s, several well-documented health
scares associated with meat and seafood have increased consumer concerns about the safety of the
food supply. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(BSE or “mad cow disease”), dioxin contamination of
animal feed ingredients, antibiotic residues in meat
and seafood, and concerns over the use of geneti-
Full article can be found IN: ASIAN AQUAFEEDS:
Current Developments in the Aquaculture
Feed Industry
Edited by: Wing-Keong Ng and Chee- Kiat Ng
17
Each segment, hatchery, farm, buyer/
broker, feed millers, suppliers and processors has
traditionally operated independently. The implementation of traceability in such a system has been hampered by a lack of documentation, clear records of
ownership and the consolidation of product, especially in large, public markets and auction houses.
ingredients, production processes used, quality control information on raw materials, processing and
finished product, and re-packaging and reprocessing if relevant. Logistics involves the documentation and systems for identifying each production batch or lot, shipping and handling records,
“chain of custody” documentation and information on
the point of purchase by the end user.
Good records and documents are fundamental to all quality management and traceability
systems. It is important to be able to identify raw
materials by batch (or date of delivery), type and
source; who has been responsible in the “chain of
custody” (i.e. who has had control of the raw materials from purchase to use) and processing information
(date, time, batch/lot, shift, raw materials used, processing parameters and conditions). Records should
also be available for quality control data (e.g. by QC
parameter, batch), packaging information, and for
storage, distribution and delivery reports.
Traceability and Animal Feeds
One of the ways of ensuring food safety and protecting the consumer is through greater regulatory oversight. This inevitably requires some means of ensuring traceability in the implementation of regulations.
Traceability systems are also important to demonstrate compliance with international obligations.
These may include issues related to animal health
and biosecurity, fair trade, food safety and, increasingly, concerns surrounding “bio-terrorism”. Most
quality assurance programmes also require chain of
custody documentation, written standards and records. Apart from HACCP and GMP’s, the International Standards Organisation (ISO) system has extensive requirements for written procedures and
documentation to support transparency and traceability.
The emphasis on product traceability will
inevitably put pressure on Asian businesses to comply with equivalent standards in their export markets.
The European Council Regulation No. 178/2002, for
example states that “Food and feed imported into the
Community … shall comply with the relevant requirements of food law or … be at least equivalent thereto
or, where a specific agreement exists between the
Community and the exporting country, with requirements contained therein.” Although it may be argued
that the EU is excessively stringent, it is extremely
influential on other national regulatory agencies, as
well as being a large and growing market for Asian
aquaculture products. Thus, compliance with traceability standards by Asian producers and feed manufacturers will inevitably be seen as a requirement for
doing business in many export markets.
Traceability Systems Management
Linking together the disparate information to implement an effective traceability system requires considerable thought and planning. Ideally, all of the various steps should be considered and the documentation system developed to allow common links between, for example, purchasing, warehousing, production, quality control, sales and marketing, and
shipping and distribution. It is often the case, however, that independent systems are adopted in one
or more of these departments, making adoption of
Implementation of Traceability Systems
Traceability can be divided into two aspects: where
an ingredient or feed has been used (forward traceability), and what ingredients have been used to produce the final product (backward traceability). It can
be further divided into processing aspects (i.e. ingredients and how they are used) and logistics
(ingredient and product handling and movements).
Processing involves the transformation of materials
to produce a product and includes raw materials and
traceability systems more complicated. Paper-based
systems may be adequate, although slow, for backward traceability but are seldom effective for forward
traceability.
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Efficient traceability systems should be as
simple as possible. The use of information technology systems and database management is essential
given the complexity of the systems involved. This
makes easier the modeling of complex processes
and can even allow virtually “real-time” tracking of
production and distribution systems. The use of bar
codes and other electronic tagging systems can also
increase the efficiency of data collection and analysis. It should be noted that, although there are many
computerized systems designed for logistics, these
are seldom able to cope with the demands for backwards traceability and the complexities of processing.
Summary
The Asian aquaculture industry is increasingly subject to market and regulatory demands governing the
standards and safety of aquaculture products. Given
the involvement of animal feeds in several recent
food scares, the aquafeed business is also regarded
as an integral part of the seafood supply chain.
Implementation of traceability in Asian
aquaculture faces some major issues. The structure
of the industry, currently dominated by large numbers of independent producers with limited vertical
integration, poses some serious constraints to the
implementation of industry-wide traceability. Other
issues include the cost of developing and implementing traceability systems, the current status and role
of information technology in Asian feed companies
and the ability to provide IT support for traceability
and the availability of sufficient trained manpower
with an understanding of the implementation and
management of traceability systems in aquaculture
a n d
a q u a f e e d
o p e r a t i o n s .
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All orders for ASIAN AQUAFEEDS can be
made to :
Malaysian Fisheries Society, Aquatic
Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang
Tel: 03-89468288; Fax: 03-89488246
Email: [email protected] or
[email protected]
Discussions on the establishment of a “Mahseer R&D Centre”
tary for the Ministry of Modernization of Agriculture Datu Jaul Samion, Acting Director of Agriculture Mr. Paul Vincent Ritom and other officials of the State Government of Sarawak, at an
dinner kindly hosted by the Deputy Chief Minister. The NACA team consisted of the Director
General of NACA, Prof. Sena De Silva, Dr.
Brett Ingram, Dr. Ng Wing Keong and Dr. Thuy
Nguyen.
During the discussions the Deputy
Chief Minister indicated his support for a proposal to establish a Mahseer R&D Centre at
Tarat, Sarawak, as agreed upon and included
in the Mahseer Declaration of Kuala Lumpur,
and to bring about the required improvements
to raise the facilities to an international standard. He also expressed his desire to work in
close collaboration with NACA to make the
“Mahseer R&D Centre” a useful entity in achieving its objectives.
These discussions were followed up at
a meeting with the Acting Director of Agriculture
and officials of the Inland Fisheries Division
where details of the modus operandi of establishing a R & D Center was discussed in detail,
including the role that NACA could play in this
regard and sustaining the activities of such a
center.
By Simon Wilkinson
Left to right: Mr. David Tinggi, Dr. Brett Ingram, Dr. Ng Wing Keong,
Datu Wilson Baya Dandot, Prof.Sena De Silva, Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri
(Dr) Alfred Jabu Anak Numpang, Dr. Thuy Nguyen, Datu Vasco S.
Singkang, Datu Jaul Samion, Mr. Stephen Sungan, Mr. Paul Vincent
Ritom.
A Sarawak Government - Deakin University - NACA project team on Induced breeding of indigenous fish species for aquaculture
and conservation, met with the Deputy Chief
Minister Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri (Dr), Alfred
Jabu Anak Numpang, Deputy State Secretary
Datu Wilson Baya Dandot, Permanent Secre19
The Malaysian Fisheries Society and
the World Aquaculture Society (WAS) have
recently agreed to form an administrative
arrangement of “Association” to enable the
cooperative exchange of publications, to enhance the benefits
Established 1987 available to membership of each society, and to broaden the international exchange of information among aquaculture scientists and practitioners.
Through its commitment to excellence in science, technology, education and information
exchange, WAS will contribute to the progressive and sustainable development of aquaculture throughout the world.
•
•
•
•
Promote the educational, scientific and technological development and advancement of
aquaculture throughout the world.
Gather and disseminate technical and other information on aquaculture worldwide
Hold meetings for the presentation, exchange and discussion of information, findings
and experiences on all subjects and techniqueds related to aquaculture.
Encaurage the teachings of all phases of aquaculture and the training of aquaculturists.
Through the affliation, MFS members will enjoy the following benefits:
•
Receive current information on research findings and popular contemporary issues
− Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
− World Aquaculture magazine
•
Discount on registration fee for conferences
•
Free advertising in World Aquaculture Magazine
•
Translation and use of World Aquaculture Articles
•
Linkup of Society Web Pages
•
Registration for conferences at the respective members’ rate
•
Co-sponsoring of joint meetings
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NEW MEMBERS
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
Chong Xu Jenn
Pusat Bandar Puchong, Selangor
Anny Lim
Ipoh, Perak
Wong Wai Hoong
Seri Kembangan, Selangor
Yong Chee Seng
Kepong, Selangor
George Chin
Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Jugtar Singh
Tampin, Negeri Sembilan.
Ng Wee Chuan
Batu Pahat, Johor
Kenny Wong
Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Mah Weng Kwang
Hulu Langat, Selangor
Ho Pan Seng
Chemor, Perak
FULL MEMBERS
Lim Meng Huat
Singapore
Raja Mohammad Noordin B. Raja
Omar
Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor
Ernest Chiam
Batu Berendam, Melaka
Adrian Chin
OUG, Kuala Lumpur
G. Llewellyn McGivern
Tanjung Bungah, Penang
How do you qualify?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Full members are individuals who are or have been engaged in fisheries activities and who either
posses appropriate academic qualifications or because of knowledge and experience can occupy
positions that ordinarily would in the opinion of the council require academic qualifications
Associate members are individuals who are interested in the objectives of the society, but who do
not qualify for full membership.
Student members are bonafide students of schools, colleges and institute of higher learning.
Post-graduate students are not eligible for student membership
Full, associate and student members are entitled to all the privileges of the Society except that
associate and student members are not eligible to serve on the council.
Only full members over 18 years of age shall be eligible to serve on the Council
Full and associate members are entitled to one vote each with the exception of student members
21
CORPORATE MEMBERS
Safe World Enterprise (M) Sdn. Bhd
Tacara Sdn. Bhd.
100 Jalan Tengku Kelima
PO Box 184
41720 Kelang, Selangor
TB 4104, 2nd Floor, Lot 51 & 52
Block D, Bandaran Baru II, 91000 Tawau, Sabah
Sabah Fish Marketing Sdn. Bhd.
Dindings Soya & Multifeeds Sdn. Bhd.
Locked Bag 109
88999 Kota Kinabalu
Sabah
22nd Floor, Wisma MCA
163, Jalan Ampang
50450 Kuala Lumpur
Aquatics International Sdn. Bhd.
Persatuan Nelayan Kebangsaan
(NEKMAT)
260A Jalan Satu A
Kampung Baru Subang,
Shah Alam, Selangor
152, Tingkat 1, Jalan 2/3A
Pusat Bandar Utara KM 12
Off Jalan Ipoh
68100 Kuala Lumpur
Xian Leng Sdn. Bhd.
120, Jalan Terasik Dua
Bangsar Baru 59100
Kuala Lumpur
ADVERTISEMENT
Advertising Rates:
Back Cover (Full Colour) with featured write-up
RM 2,000.00
Back Cover (Full Colour)
RM 1,500.00
Back Cover (Black & White)
RM 1,300.00
Full Page (Inside-Full Colour)
RM 1,200.00
Full Page (Inside-Black & White)
RM 900.00
Half Page (Black & White)
RM 500.00
Annual Sponsorship
Some of the benefits the sponsor will receive are;
Full page advertisement in colour on the back cover for all issues.
Organization/company logo will be printed on the bottom left corner of
the cover
One page write-up in the FishMail
RM 8, 000.00
IF interested in advertising in the FISHMAIL, please contact
Erin Tan (017-3388816 or at [email protected])
Or Dr Annie Christianus ([email protected])
22
publications
Member
s
NonMembers
Students
Asian Aquafeeds: Current Developments in the Aquaculture
Feed Industry Edited by: Wing-Keong Ng and Chee- Kiat Ng
30
35
20
Tropical Marine Environment: Charting Strategies for the
Millennium. Edited by: F.M. Yusoff, M. Shariff, H.M.
Ibrahim, S.G. Tan & S.Y. Tai
100
120
N/A
Kings of the Rivers: Mahseer in Malaysia and the Region
Author: Ng Chee Kiat
150
180
N/A
Aquatic Resources & Environmental Studies of the Straits of
Malacca. Edited by: B. Japar Sidik, A Arshad, S.G. Tan, S.K.
Daud, H.A. Jambari & S. Sugiyama
50
70
N/A
Aquaculture Practices in Malaysia. Edited by: Gopinath
Nagaraj & Tarlochan Singh
50
75
30
Advances in Seed Production Technologies. Edited by: Siti
Shapor Siraj & Thalathiah Saidin
20
25
12
Recent Developments and Technologies in The Aquarium
Industry. Edited by: Ng Chee Kiat, Annie Christianus & Ng
Wing Keong
25
30
15
New Commodities in Malaysian Aquaculture. Edited by F.M.
Yusoff and M. Shariff
25
30
15
Freshwater Game Fishes of Malaysia Poster
20
25
10
All publications can be ordered from:
Malaysian Fisheries Society
Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel/Fax: (603)-8948 8246
E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] and [email protected]
Website: www.vet.upm.edu.my/~mfs/
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