A Synopsis of the Mosquitoes of Illinois(Diptera,Culicidae).

A Synopsis of the Mosquitoes of Illinois(Diptera,Culicidae).

STATE OF ILLINOIS
DEPARTMENT
OF REGISTRATIONAND EDUCATION
NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION
A SYNOPSIS OF THE
MOSQUITOES OF ILLINOIS
(Diptera,Culicidae)
Herbert H. Ross
Willbm
R. Horsf•,11
Illinois
NaturalHistorySurvey
BiologicalNotes No. 52
Urbana,Illinois
March,1965
CONTENTS
DIAGNOSISOF MOSQUITOES....................
4
KEY TO CULICIDAE AND CHAOBORIDAE...........
4
Adults (Both Sexes) .......................
4
Larvae
5
...................................
LIST OF INCLUDED SPECIES......................
5
KEY TO SEXES OF CULICIDAE ADULTS .............
5
KEYS TO CULICIDAE FEMALES ..................
5
KEYS TO CULICIDAE
LARVAE ....................
Key to Generaof Culicidae(Larvae)..........
Key to Species
of Aedes(Larvae).............
Key to Species
of Anopheles(Larvae).........
Key to Species
of Culex (Larvae).............
Key to Species
of Cullseta(Larvae)...........
Key to Species
of Orthopodomyia
(Larvae).....
Key to Species
of Psorophora
(Larvae).........
25
26
29
37
39
40
43
43
Key to Generaof Culicidae(Females)
.........
6
Key to Species
of aledes(Females)............
Key to Species
of alnopheles
(Females)........
Key to Species
of Culex(Females)............
8
12
13
Key to Species
of Cullseta(Females)
..........
Keyto Species
of Orthopodomyia
(Females)
....
14
14
MOSQUITOES
AND DISEASE
.....................
48
Key to Species
of Psorophora
(Females)
.......
14
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..........................
49
14
SELECTEDREFERENCES........................
49
15
LITERATURECITED IN THE ILLUSTRATIONS
........
49
16
INDEX
50
KEYSTO CULICIDAEMALES.....................
Key to Generaof Culicidae(Males)..........
Key
to Species
of Aedes(Males).............
of Anopheles
(Males)..........
Key to Species
of Culex(Males)..............
Key to Species
Key
Key
Key
to Species
of Culiseta
(Males)............
to Species
of Orthopodomyia
(Males)......
to Species
of Psorophora
(Males).........
22
22
24
24
24
KEYS TO CULICIDAE EGGS......................
KeytoGeneraof Culicidae(Eggs).............
Keyto Species
of Aedes(Eggs)...............
Key to Species
of Psorophora
(Eggs)..........
......................................
44
44
45
47
COVERDRAWING.--One of the largest Illinois mosquitoesis
the "gallinipper,"Psorophora
ciliata,whichmay attain a wing-
spread
of 15 mm (overhalf an inch). It is a vicious
biterand
is widelydistributed
overIllinois. The larvaeor wrigglers
of this
species
breedin rainpoolsandhavethehabitof feeding
on larvae
of other mosquitospecies.
A SYNOPSIS
OF
"'
THE MOSQUITOES
';
OFILLINOIS
(Diptera,
Culicidae) /
Herberr H. Ross
William R. Horsfall
............
ß...... •----•.•-•
•.•.
FIG. 1.--Adult of Aedesaegypti. (From photograph,lent by the U.S. Public
Health Service,of model in the American Museum of Natural History.)
TO ALL OF US WHO
LIVE IN ILLINOIS, mos-
quitoesare familiaraspeststhat attackpersonsandlivestockout of doorsfrom springto fall.
They may be of greater consequence
than simply
as biting pests. Somekinds are solelyresponsible
for
transmittingcertainparasitesto man and domesticanimals. Bloodparasitessuchas thosethat causemalaria,
yellowfever,dengue,andfilariasis
musthavemosquitoes
to take them from sickto well persons.Severalof the
encephalitis-producing
ultramicroscopic
virusesthat attackthe brainand spinalcordare carriedsolelyby mosquitoesfrom wild animalsto manor from manto man.
Past control efforts againstmosquitoes
have reduced
someof thesediseases
to insignificance.Other diseases
carriedby mosquitoes
still riseat timesto plagueus.
of their life histories.All of them,however,havemany
characters and habits in common.
The immature
form
or larva (known as a wriggler) is aquatic,that is, it
livesin water. This form requiresseveralto manydays
to becomea full-grownlarva. At thistime, it transforms
into the next life historystage,the pupal (as pupae,
mosquitoes
are called tumblers), and this stagealso is
aquatic. The pupal stage,which lastsonly a few days,
is a transformation
stage;withinthe pupathe tissues
of
the larva are transformed
into those of the adult mos-
quito. When the transformation
is complete,the pupa
floats at the surface of the water, its shell cracks and
breaksthe surfacefilm, andthe wingedadultemerges.
Adult mosquitoes
(Fig. 1) are entirelyaerial and
neverenterthe water. After a periodof feedingand
To date,mosquitoes
of 55 differentspecies
havebeen
taken in Illinois. Seven additionalspecies,known in
neighboringstatesfrom situationssimilar to those in
this state,may alsooccurin Illinois and are includedin
this synopsis.These62 species,
alongwith severalhun-
Eggslaid on the waterhatchin a few days;eachsmall
larva emergesdirectlyinto the water from the end of
the eggthat sticksinto it. Eggslaid in soil hatchwhen
dred more in other parts of the world, constitutethe
family Culicidae. This family and a hundredor more
kind of water.
additional
families
of two-winged
fliestogether
comprise
the orderDiptera.
The Illinois speciesof mosquitoes
differ from each
otherin the habitatstheyfrequentand in manydetails
This paper is printed by authority
of the State of Illinois,
IRS Ch. 127, Par. 58.22. It is a contribution
from the Section
of raunistic
Surveys
and Insect
Identification
of the Illinois
Natural
History Survey.
Dr. Ross is head of that section.
Dr.
YIorsfall
mology,
The
is a Professor
University
of Entomology,
Department
of Illinois.
authors
wish
to
express
special
thanks
to
of EntoJames
S.
Ayars, the Survey's Technical Editor, for the creative way in
which he has contributed to the production of this Synopsis.
YIis unstinting and understanding help in simplifying terminol-
ogy, rephrasing
publication
couplets, and clarifying
useful
to a much
wider
circle.
concepts has made this
mating, the femaleslay eggseither on the surfaceof
the water or in soil that will be flooded at a later date.
thesoilis flooded
andtheeggsarecovered
by theright
This synopsis
providesmeansfor identifyingthe
mosquitoes
likely to be found in Illinois. It contains
keysto eggs,larvae,and adults,becausethe sanitarian,
ecologist,
and collectorworkingwith mosquitoes
will
find all stagesof the insectsandmaynot havethe time
or meansto rear the insectsto other stages. It is an
extension
of the originalreport,The Mosquitoes
oJ Illinois (Ross1947) in that it includesmore species
and
presents
a key to eggsof floodwatermosquitoes.Most
of thekeysin thissynopsis
havebeenenlarged
fromthe
original report; someof the illustrationsare from the
originalreportandsomearenew.
gateproboscis
manytimesas long as the head,(2) antennaewhich are much longer than the head and are
of manysmall,well-separated
segments,
many
insects.A personwishingto identifya femalemosquito composed
will find all the keys for the identificationof females, segmentseachwith a ring of hairs, and (3) wings with
both to generaand to specieswithin the variousgenera, an arrangementof veins depictedin Fig. 6. A pupa
by being activein water, by having a
groupedtogetherin the samesection. Keys for the is characterized
identificationof males,larvae,and eggsare groupedin
curledposture,andby havinga pair of respiratory
tubes
similar fashion.
At the head of each section there is
on the dorsumof the thorax (Fig. 2). The pupaeare
includeda diagramof the stageconcerned.The diaFor convenience,
the keysto generaand species
have
beenarrangedaccordingto the life historystagesof the
gramsare labeledto showthe diagnosticareasor parts
mentionedin the keys. If only one speciesof a genus
occursin Illinois, it is indicatedand treatedin the keys
to genera. Eachof the other species
is treatedin one
of the keysto genera;thesekeysare arrangedalphabeticallyby genera.
Namesof certaingeneraand speciesmay appearin
morethan one placein a key. This practiceallowsthe
useof a large numberof characters
for recognizingcertain distinctivegroupsof species
within a genusor certain distinctivevariationswithin a species.
The cardinaldirectionsusedfor orientingparts of
the mosquitobody or appendages
are as follows:
apex---Theportionawayfrom the point of attachment;
concerningthe abdomenor its segments,the part
more distant from the head.
apical--On or pertainingto the apex.
base--Theportionat the point of attachment;
in relation to the abdomenor its segments,
the part nearer
the head.
basal--Onor pertainingto thebase.
anterior--Forward, toward the head, or in front of.
posterior--Backward,
towardthe rear, or backof.
dorsum--Theupperpart or back.
dorsal--Onor pertainingto thedorsum.
dorsally--In the directionof thedorsum.
lateral--Onor pertainingto thesides.
laterally--In the directionof the sides.
meson--Themidlinedownthe lengthof the animal.
mesal--Onor pertainingto the meson.
renter--The underpartor belly.
ventral--On or pertainingto theventer.
In the keys,the singularratherthan the plural form
is ordinarilyusedto designate
the diagnostic
partsof
which the mosquitohas only one on a side,as, for example,hindfemur,eye,antenna,
costa.
Information concerningdistribution and habitat is
includedin the keys. A summaryof the distributionof
eachspecies
is givenin the keysto females;information
F•G. 2.--Pupa of mosquito. The two respiratorytubes are
visible in the upper left part of drawing. (After King, Bradley,
& McNeel 1939.)
not diagnosed
in this report. A larva of the Culicidae
canbe differentiated
from other aquatic,free-swimming
insect larvae by the following combinationof charac-
ters: (1) legsabsent;(2) headlarge and possessing
a
hard covering; (3) thorax large and wider than the
abdomen;(4) the respiratorysystemopeningdorsally
on the next-to-lastsegmentof the abdomen;(5) four
blade-like"gills" extendingposteriorlyfrom end of last
abdominalsegment(Fig. 125, 126). In many species,
the larva hasa long or stout,usuallyhard and dark, air
tube (Fig. 125). Eggsof mosquitoes
are blackor gray
in color,sausage-like
or spindle-likein shape,and each
not morethan 1 mm long.
Membersof the family Culicidaeare frequentlycon-
fusedwith midgesof the closelyrelatedfamily Chaoboridae. In the Chaoboridae,
no adult has a proboscis
and neither male nor female bites. In the Culicidae,
the adult has a proboscis;
the male doesnot bite but
sucksup nectarand free water; the femalesuckseither
juicesof plantsor bloodof vertebrates
througha group
of fine,slenderstyletshousedwithin the proboscis.
The
adultsandlarvaeof thesetwo familiescanbe recognized
concerning
the habitats
of thelarvaeis givenin thekeys
to larvae;and the placeof depositionof the eggsis by useof the followingkeys.
given in the keysto eggs. If the nameof a species
appears
in morethanoneplacein a key,summary
infor- KEY TO CULICIDAE AND CHAOBORIDAE
mationis includedin the placewherethe largestnumbersof the species
will fit.
DIACoNOSIS OF MOSQUITOES
An adult of the family Culicidae(Fig. 1), to which
the mosquitoes
belong,can be differentiatedfrom other
two-wingedfliesby the followingcharacters:
(1) an elon-
Adults (BothSexes)
Head havingan elongateproboscis(Fig. 1, 6) many
times as long as diameterof head........
Culicidae
Headwith no proboscis,
mouthparts
formingonly short
fleshylobesthat areno longerthandepthof head...
..................................
Chaoboridae
spenceri(Theobald)
Larvae
1. Antennae
arisingclosetogetheron a mesalraised
areaor protuberance
of thehead(Fig. 3) ......
...............................
Chaoboridae
Antennaearisingfar apartat sidesof head (Fig.
125, 126) ................................
2
sticticus(Meigen)
stimulans(Walker)
thibaultiDyar & Knab
tormentorDyar & Knab
trichurus (Dyar)
triseriatus(Say)
trivittatus(Coquillett)
vexans (Meigen)
Anopheles
barberiCoquillett
crucians Wiedemann
earlei (Vargas)
punctipennis
(Say)
quadrimaculatus
Say
walkeri
FIG. 3.--Head of larva of Corethrella.
FIG. 4.--Larva of Mochlonyxcinctipes. (Redrawn from Matheson 1944.)
FIG. 5.--Larva of Chaoboruspunctipennis. (Redrawn from
Matheson 1944.)
2. Last segmentof abdomenwith sclerotized
ring or
Theobald
Culexerraticus(Dyar & Knab)
peccatorDyar & Knab
piplensLinnaeus
quinquefasciatus
Say
restuans Theobald
salinariusCoquillett
tarsalisCoquillett
territans
Walker
plateat leastdorsally(Fig. 126, 127); apicalor Cullsetainornata (Williston)
subapical
hairsof antennaslenderandlessthan
melanura (Coquillet)
half lengthof antenna..............
Culicidae
minnesotae Barr
Lastsegment
of abdomen
withouta sclerotized
ring
morsitans(Theobald)
or plate;apicaland subapical
hairsof antenna Mansoniaperturbans(Walker)
very stout and at least half length of antenna Orthopodomyia
albaBaker
(Fig.4, 5) ......................
Chaobaridae
signifera(Coquillett)
LIST OF INCLUDED
SPECIES
Species
havingnamesbelowin boldfacetype are
known to occur in Illinois; specieshaving namesin
italic type are known from neighboringstatesbut not
yet fromIllinois.
Aedesabserratus
(Felt & Young)
aegypti(Linnaeus)
atlanticusDyar & Knab*
atropalpus( Coquillett)
aurifer (Coquillett)
campestris
Dyar & Knab
canadensis
(Theobald)
cinereusMeigen
KEY TO SEXES OF CULIClDAE
communis (De Geer)
6) ....................................
and the dististyle(Fig. 65, 68-72) ...........
grossbecki
Dyar& Knab
Cockerell
KEYS TO CULIClDAE
infirmatusDyar & Knab
mitchellae(Dyar)
nigromaculis
(Ludlow)
punctor(Kirby)
sollicitans(Walker)
* The Illinois
record for
larval or male specimens.
this
females
Tip of abdomen
havinga complexsetof genitalparts,
of whichthe mostconspicuous
is a pair of claspers,
eachclasperdividedinto two segments,
the basistyle
fitchi (Felt & Young)
flavescens
(Mueller)
fulvuspallensE. S. Ross
•y
ADULTS
Tip of abdomenblunt or pointedand havingonly unsegmented
lobes(the cerci) projectingfrom it (Fig.
dorsalis(Meigen)
dupreei(Coquillett)
excrucians(Walker)
hendersoni
Psorophoraciliata (Fabricius)
confinnis(Arribalzaga)
cyanescens
(Coquillett)
discolor(Coquillett)
ferox (Humboldt)
horrida(Dyar & Knab)
howardi(Coquillett)
longipalpisRoth
varipes(Coquillett)
Toxorhynchites
rutilusseptentrionalis
Dyar & Knab
Uranotaeniasapphirina(OstenSacken)
Wyeomyiasmithi (Coquillett)
species
has
not
been
verified
males
FEMALES
The chief parts namedin thesekeys are illustrated
in Fig. 6; detailedcharacters
are includedin diagnostic
drawingsillustratingthe couplets. Although this set
of keys(especially
the key to genera)will servefor the
identificationof most males,many collectedand reared
maleshavepartsso shriveled,distorted,or rubbedthat
3. Mesoscutellum
with posteriormarginevenlyrounded, the setaeor hairs arrangedevenlyalong it
(Fig. 9); palp aslongasproboscis
(Fig. 21) ....
x'x'X•FRONT
LEG
.................................
Anopheles
Mesoscutellumwith posterior margin incised to
proboscis
HEAD
form a mesal lobe and 2 lateral lobes, with the
setaegroupedon these3 lobes (Fig. 10); palp
muchshorterthan proboscis
(Fig. 20) ........ 4
palp -eye
4. Mesonotum
with
a mesal line of short setae and
--
scalesborderedby a glossybare area along
eachside of the mesalline (Fig. 11); apex of
hind femur with a tuft of projectinghairs (Fig.
13) .............................
Psorophora
Mesonotum
withoutglossybareareas;apexof hind
femur with only a few or no projectinghairs
(Fig. 14) ................................
5
5. Hind tarsuswith 1 preapicalor 2 apicalsegments
anterior pronatal
wing
THORAX
haltere
entirelywhite, the remainderentirelyblue or
ABDOMEN
black ...........................
Psorophora
Hind tarsuseitherwith somesegments
ringedwith
MIDDLE
ibi/•
LEG
white (Fig. 14), or all segments
nearlythe same
color ....................................
HIND
LEG
/
c s,c
6
6. Hind tarsus
withwideor conspicuous
bandsof white
on mostsegments
(Fig. 14) .................
7
Hind tarsuswith no bands,or bandsonly faintly
and indistinctlyindicated..................
13
R.s R•.,S
7. Second,
third, and fourthtarsalsegments
of hind
legeachwitha narrow
whitebandat eachend
tarsal
claws
•
%
I
A
••
^ \
•Ulb
UU la
•w2
FIG. 6.--giagram of adult femalemosquitoand the names
givento various
partsusedin thekeys.(Modified
fromPratt&
Barnes 1959.)
(Fig. 14) ................................
8
Second,
third, andfourthtarsalsegments
of hind
legeachwitha whitebandat baseonly(Fig.3133) ....................................
10
8. Proboscis
black,with a definitewhitebandin middle,asin Fig.19 ................
Culextarsalis
Proboscis
not banded;eitherall black,mottled,or
the minutecharacters
on whichthe keysto femalesare
blackexcept
for rowsof whitescales
alongits
entirelength(Fig. 20).....................
9
based
canbeseenonlywith difficulty.In mostinstances,
9.
Mesonotum
nearly
black,
but
with
a
series
of
sharptherefore,
males
aremoredependably
identified
bymeans
ly contrasting
whitelines,asin Fig.12.........
of that set of keysdevotedto them.
............................
Orthopodomyia
Mesonotum
eitherwithoutwhite lines,with only
Keyfo Genera
of CULICIDAE
(Females)
palelines,
orga;enaer•)l?t•goP•xCO
bare
l. Vein R....branching
closeto apicalmarginof wing,
sothatcellR2isonlyhalfthelengthof itsstalk, 10. Post-spiracular
22);dorsum
ofthorax
withmany
long,abundant,
R....(Fig.7) ..............................
2
and
erect
hairs.
Sole
Illinois
representative,
wideVein R2,•branching
muchfartherfrom apicalmar-
ginof wing,sothatcellR..,isat leastaslongas
itsstalk,R=..,(Fig. 8) .......................
3
spread
instate
............ Mansonia
perturbans
Post-spiracular
areaof thorax
withbristles
or a
patch
ofscales
(Fig.23);dorsum
ofthorax
with
2. Winglength6.5mmor more;thorax
withstripes
all hairsmuchmoreappressed
.............
11
ofbluish-green
scales;
proboscis
curved
downward
11. Outerfaceof hindfemurin generaldarkbut with
abruptly
justbeyond
midpoint
intoa quarter
cira transverse
bandof white scalesjustbeforeapex
cle,palpverylongandmassive
(Fig.17). Sole
(Fig.16) ............... Psorophora
confinnis
Illinoisrepresentative,
occurring
in southern
part
of state
.... Toxorhynchites
rutilusseptentrionalis Outerfaceof hindfemurwithoutsuchband..... 12
having
either
costa
banded
withwhite-scaled
Winglengthunder3.5mm;sides
of thorax
with 12. Wing
areasand black-scaled
areas,or anal vein whitemany
small,
highly
iridescent
bluescales;
probosscaledfor basaltwo-thirdsand apical portion
cisonlyslightly
curved,
palpshortandabortive
black-scaled
......................
Psorophora
(Fig. 18). SoleIllinoisrepresentative,
common
throughout
thestate
..... Uranotaenia
sapphirina
Wingeither
almost
uniformly
whiteordark-scaled,
tendingabovescales;
postnotum
withouta tuft
or the two typesof scalesmingledin a salt-andpepper,patternless
mixture..............
Aedes
13. Mesonotum covered with a close mat of blue-black
of hairs
.................................
14
14. Mesonotumeither having broad lateral or mesal
bands or areas of white
scales,having bristles only around periphery;
postnotumwith a tuft of smallhairs. SoleIllinois
representative,
found in northernbogs.........
...........................
Wyeomyiasmithi
or cream-colored
scales
(Fig. 44-58), or being almost entirely covered
with cream-colored
scales(Fig. 42) ..........
15
Mesonotummostlydark-scaled,
at mostwith a scattering of light-coloredscales,or with narrow
Mesonotum either having scalesother than blueblackor having severalseriesof erectbristlesex-
weak lines of such scales ..................
16
cellR2
cell R2_
'
18
P
pr
12'
FIG. 7.--Uranotaenia sapphirina,wing.
FIG. 8.--Aedes vexaris,wing.
FIG. 9.--Anophelesquadrimaculatus,
mesonotum,includingits
posteriorsclerite,the mesoscutellum.
FIG. 10.--Aedes vexans,mesonotum,including its posterior
sclerite, the mesoscutellum.
FIG. 11.--Psorophoraciliata, mesonotum,including its posterior sclerite, the mesoscutellum.
FIG. 12.--Orthopodomyiasigni/era,mesonotum,
includingits
posteriorsclerite,the mesoscutellum.
FIG. 13.--Psorophoraciliata,hind leg.
FIG. 14.--Aedescanadensis,
hind leg.
F•G. 15.--Psorophoravarip½s,
portionof hind leg.
FIG. 16.--Psorophora confinnis,hind femur.
F•G. 17.--Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis,female head.
Abbreviations:p, palp;pr, proboscis.
F•G. 18.--Uranotaenia sapphirina, male head. Abbreviations:
p, palp; pr, proboscis.
FIG. 19.--Aedes sollicitans,female head. Abbreviations:p,
palp; pr, proboscis.
F•G. 20.--Orthopodomyia signi/era, female head. Abbreviations: p, palp; pr, proboscis.
FIG. 21.--Anopheles quadrimaculatus,female head. Abbreviations: p, palp; pr, proboscis.
Adult thorax, lateral aspect.Abbreviations:era, mesepimeron;
pn, pronotalbristles;ps, post-spiracular
area;s, spiracle;sh, spiracular
bristles.
FIG. 22.--Mansonia perturbans.
FIG. 23.--Aedes stimulans.
FIG. 24.--Psorophoraconfinnis.
FIG. 25.--Culiseta inornata;25A showsenlargedview of pronotaland spiracularbristles.
15. Hind tibia enlargedand shaggytoward apex,with
setaeor hairs not longer than width of tibia at
apex (Fig. 15); spiracularbristlespresent(Fig.
24) or absent.....................
Psorophora
Hind tibia slenderto apex,not shaggy,often with
a scatteringof setaelonger than width of tibia
at apex (Fig. 14); spiracularbristlesabsent(Fig.
23) .................................
Aedes
16. Post-spiracular
area of thorax bare and spiracular
bristleslacking,as in Fig. 22.............
Culex
Thorax eitherwith post-spiracular
areahavingbristlesor scales(Fig. 23), or with spiracularbristles
present(Fig. 25), or with both ............
17
17. Spiracularbristlespresent;post-spiracular
area of
thorax
sometimes with
scales but never with
hairs
(Fig. 25) ...........................
Culiseta
Without spiracularbristles;post-spiracular
area of
thoraxwith hairsor hairsand scales(Fig. 23)...
.....................................
Aedes
treme base of costa; mesonotum brown or reddish
.....................................
Most wing scales
white,with a smallmixtureof black
scales;mesonotumand abdomenpredominantly
creamcolor (Fig. 42) ......................
5
4. Costawith black scalesextendingto extremebase;
outersideof hind femurwith somepale areasat
base,gradingto all dark at apex,the extremetip
with a few white scales. A widespreadspecies
commonin woodsthroughoutIllinois,especially
in May; seldomcollectedat light ..... canadensis
Costawith white scalesalongextremebase,beyond
this with black scales(Fig. 35); outer side of
hind femur very dark exceptfor a conspicuous
bandof whitescales
at apex. A woodland
species
widespreadin easternand south-centralstates;
known from Missouri and Wisconsin, but not
yet recordedfrom Illinois ..........
atropalpus
5. Apicalportionsof veinsR4, M•, and M., with numerous
Key to Speciesof AEDES(Femeles)
l. Hind tarsuswith white ring at baseor apexof some
or all segments(Fig. 14, 26) ...............
2
Hind tarsuswithout white ring at baseor apex of
any segment(Fig. 27, 28) ..................
17
2. Hind tarsuswith white rings at both endsof some
segments(Fig. 34) ........................
3
Hind tarsuswith white rings only at basalendsof
segments(Fig. 26) ........................
6
3. All wing scalesdark, except sometimesat the ex-
4
black
scales and few
white
scales.
A
Holarcticprairie specieslocal in severalareasin
Illinois; associatedwith industrial wastes.......
...................................
dorsalis
Apicalportionsof veinsR4,M,, andM,, with white
scalespredominating.Known from prairiesof
Michigan, Iowa, and westward;not yet recorded
from Illinois ......................
campestris
6. Proboscisdark but with a definitewhite band (Fig.
.....................................
7
Proboscisnearly uniformly coloredthroughout...9
7. All wing scalesdark; first segmentof hind tarsus
blackbut with a singlebasalwhite band(Fig. 33).
A woodlandspecies
of the southernstates,twice
foundin Illinois in the Chicagoarea... rnitchellae
Somewingscales
black,somewhite,givingthewing
a spottedappearance;
firstsegment
of hind tarsus
frequentlywith a middlelight band in addition
to basalwhite band (Fig. 32) ................
8
8.
Abdomen
with
extensive
dorsal areas of cream or
tawnyscalesandsmalllateralareasof white scales,
the two colorsdefinitelycontrasting;first segment
of hind tarsuswith a yellow middle band. An
easternspecies
locallyabundant
in Illinois,associated with
Abdomen
sulfureted wastes ..........
sollicitans
with extensive dorsal areas as well as
smalllateralareasof white scales;first segmentof
hind tarsus with a white middle band or no middle
band. A westernprairie-savanna
species
recorded
from Savanna,Illinois ............
nigromaculis
9. Mesonotumblack but with lyre-shapedsilver lines
(Fig. 43). A nonresident,
domestic,
tropicaladyenrive that is found occasionallyin southern
Illinois .............................
aegypti
Mesonotum (Fig. 44-58) not as in Fig. 43, never
Hind legs and tars/of Aedes females,anterior view.
FIG. 26.--A. grossbecki,
hind leg.
FiG. 27.--A. sticticus,hind leg (posterior view of femur shown
beneath)
FIG. 28.--A. triseriatus,hind leg.
FIG. 29.-•A. •'exans,hind leg.
FIG. 30.--A. aegypti, middle leg.
FIG. 31.--A. aegypti, hind leg.
FIG. 32.--A. sollicitans,hind leg.
FIG. 33.--A. mitchel/ae, hind tarsus.
FIG. 34.--A. dorsalis,hind tibia and tarsus.
with lyre-shaped
silverlinesbut oftenwith wider
light stripes .............................
10
10. White tarsal rings narrow (Fig. 29). A Holarctic
species
commonthroughoutIllinois...... vexans
White tarsal rings (Fig. 26) wider than in Fig.
29
......................................
1I
11. All veins of wings with rows of very wide scales
(Fig. 40); mesonotum(Fig. 44) with a large
centralblackspotenlargedposteriorly.An eastern and south-centralwoodlandspecieslocal in
the southernhalf of Illinois.........
grossbecki
Someveinswith rows of only long narrow scales
(Fig. 41); mesonotum
markedotherthan as shown
in Fig. 44 ...............................
12
12. Abdomen entirely covered with yellowish scales,
without banding;most of scalesof costawhite;
mesonotumentirely yellowishgolden brown. A
Holarcticspeciesthat is rare in open areasof
extreme
northern
Illinois
............
flarescerts
Abdomen either with decided banding or with
patches
of darkscales;
majorit,yof scales
of costa
dark;mesonotum
with a patternof gray,purplish,
or reddish brown .........................
13
13. Abdomenwith a centralstripeof pale scales,as in
Fig. 48. Variantsof .............
nigrornaculis
Abdomenwithouta centralstripeof palescales..14
14. Tarsal claws of front and middle legs with each
innertoothlongandeachoutertoothbentabruptFIG. 35.--Aeries atropalpas,baseof wing. Abbreviation: C,
costa or costal vein.
FIG. 36.--Aeries excrucia,s,tarsalclaw of female. (After Barr
1958.)
FIG.37.--Aeriesfitchi,tarsalclawof female. (After Barr 1958.)
FIG.38.-•Aedestriseriatus,
scales
on pronotallobe,lateralaspect.
FIG.39.--Aeriesthibau/ti,scales
on pronotallobe,lateralaspect.
ly over it (Fig. 36). A Holarctic speciesthat is
commonlocally in northern Illinois. Typical
form
of ..........................
excrucians
Tarsal claws of front and middle legs with each
inner tooth shorterthan that in Fig. 36 and each
outertoothlessabruptlybent (Fig. 37) ....... 15
15. Lower part of mesepimeron
(Fig. 23) with 3 or
more fine long bristles;mesonotumfrequently
patternedwith light gray-brown,
but occasionally
with reddish brown.
A northern
tiffcationcharactershave not yet been found)
of
...............................
stimulans
transcontinental
woodlandspeciesthat is locallyabundantin the
woods of the northern half of Illinois; rare in
excrudans
fitchi
17. Integument
andscalingbrightgoldenyellow,except
for a few small black-scaled areas.
A southern
light traps. Typical form of .........
stimulans
species
that is found locallyin extremesouthern
Lower part of mesepimeron
with none to 2 fine
Illinois........................
fulvuspallens
long bristles.............................
16
Integumentgray,dark brown, or black,with few or
16. Mesonotumwith a fairly narrow reddish brown
no yellow scales..........................
18
stripe,flankedwith white or cream(Fig. 54). A
18. Mesonotum
with a definitewidemesalsilverystripe
northerntranscontinental
speciesthat is locally
flankedby darkareas(Fig. 45-47) ...........
19
abundantin the vicinityof savannapoolsin the
Mesonotum
eitherwithouta mesalsilverystripe,or
northernfifth of Illinois. Typicalform of ......
witha narrowoneseparating
2 darkstripes,
these
.....................................
fitchi
in turnflankedbylightareas(Fig. 55) .........
21
Mesonotum
with reddish brown central area wider
than the stripeshownin Fig. 54 or areanot well
defined. Variant forms (for which reliableiden-
19. Silverystripeextending
posteriorly
onlytwo-thirds
of the totallengthof the mesonotum
(Fig. 45).
A southern
woods-edge
species;
the only Illinois
recordis from Massac
County........ infirmams
Silverystripeextendingfull lengthof mesonotum,
includingscutellum
(Fig. 46) ...............
20
20. Silverystripeof mesonotum
wider than dark flanking areas(Fig. 46). A shy woodlandspecies
commonbut rarely seenin centraland southern
Illinois.............................
dupreei
Silverystripe of mesonotumno wider, often narrower,than darkflankingareas(Fig. 47). Two
southernand easternwoodlandspecies
whose
eggsandfemales
areindistinguishable;
oneegg
of tormentor
andonefemalebelonging
to oneof
thesespecies
have beencollectedat Urbana,and
one female at Unionville .............
atlanticus
tormentor
21. Abdomen
with palescales
forminga mesalstripe
alongthe entiredorsum(Fig. 48); mostof ab-
dominal
scales
pale. A western
prairiespecies;
FIG. 40.--Aedes grossbecki,
portion of wing. (The scaleson
the veinsare wider than thosein Fig. 41.)
the only Illinois recordis from Savanna
........
...................................
spenceri
Abdomen at most with transversebands or lateral
trianglesof pale scales....................
22
22. Mesonotum
withoneor a pairof blackor verydark
mesal
areasflanked
bygrayor silveryareas(Fig.
49-58)
.................................
23
Mesonotumfairly uniform in color,brown or tawny, sometimes with mesal area reddish brown
andlateralareaslight goldenbrown.........
31
23. Mesonotum
witha mesalpairof darkstripes
separatedby a mesalstripeof silveryor lightgolden
scales(Fig. 55, 56) .......................
24
Mesonotum with an undivided dark mesal area.. 26
24. Dark stripesnot extendingon to anteriorthird of
mesonotum
(Fig. 53). A westernspecies
known
locallyfrom centraland northernIllinois......
................................
hendersoni
Dark stripesextendingfull lengthof mesonotum...
25. Dark stripesof mesonotum
separated
by a wide
FIG.41.--Aedesstimulans,
portionof wing.
l0
mesalstripeof pale scales(Fig. 55). A Holarctic
44
47'
46
57'
Dorsal colorpatternsof Aedesfemales.
FIG.42.--A. dorsalis,thoraxand abdomen. FIG.48.--A. spenceri,dorsumof abdomen.
FIG. 53.--A. hendersoni,
thorax.
FIG. 43.--A. aegypti,thoraxand abdomen. FIG. 49.-•A. thibaulti, dorsumof thorax.
FIG. 54.--A. fitchi, thoraxand abdomen.
FIG. 44.--A. grossbecki,
thorax and abdomen.(After King, Bradley, & McNeel 1939.)
FIG. 55.•A. communis,thorax and abdomen.
FIG. 45.--A. infirmatus,headand body.
FIG. 50.--A. auri/er, thorax.
FIG.56.--A. sticticus,
thoraxand abdomen,light phase.
FIG. 46.--A. dupreei,headand body.
FIG. 51.-•A. triseriatus,thorax,dark phase. FIG. 57.--A. sticticus,thorax and abdomen,dark phase.
FIG. 47.--A. atlanticus,headand body.
FIG. 52.--A. triseriatus,thorax, light phase.
FIG. 58.--A. trivittatus,thorax and abdomen.
northernspecies
not yet foundbut to be expected
in northern
Illinois .................
communis
in Fig.35. A northern
species
occurring
in open
woods;
notyetfoundbutto beexpected
in north-
ern Illinois ........................
trichurus
Dark stripesof mesonotumseparatedby a very
narrowmesalstripeof pale scales(Fig. 56). A
Baseof costaat mostwith a few scattered
pale
scales...................................
32
Holarcticwoodlandfloodplainspeciesabundant
along rivers throughoutIllinois. Typical form
32. Mesepimeron
with lowerthird bare,uppertwoof .................................
sticticus
thirdscovered
with a patchof whitescales;
coxa
26. Central stripe of mesonotumtapering posteriorly
(basalsegment)
of frontlegwitha patchof dark
to a narrow point, well defined (Fig. 58). A
scales;membrane
posteriorto this coxawithout
central and easternwoodlandspeciesabundant
scales;
wing at most4.3 mm long. A Holarctic
over most of Illinois
...............
trivittatus
CentSral
stripeof mesonotum
either wider posteriorly (Fig. 50, 51) than in Fig. 58 or parallelsided
(Fig. 57) ...............................
27
27. Central stripe of mesonotumparallel sided,some-
times
witha pairof detached
shortdarkstripes
northernspecies
common
in marshandbogareas
in northern Illinois; local in densewoods of central Illinois .........................
cinereus
Mesepimeronwith white scalesextendingto its
loweredge;coxaof front leg with only pale
scales;membraneposteriorto this coxa with
numerous
palescales;
wing usually4.8 mm long
or longer.Two extremely
similarnorthern
species,eastern
abserratus
andHolarctic
punctor,
both
foundin northernIllinoisbogs....... abserratus
along posteriorhalf (Fig. 57); dorsumof each
abdominalsegmentwith completebasal white
band. Slightlyrubbedspecimens
of ..... sticticus
Central stripe of mesonotumnarrower in anterior
punctor
than in posteriorpart, usuallywidenedposteriorly to almostthe full width of the mesonotum
of ANOPHELES
(Females}
(Fig. 49-52); dorsumof eachabdominalsegment Keyto Species
1. Wing with spotsor barsof whiteor yellowish
white
mostly blue-black,perhapswith lateral white
scales
alonganteriormarginandanalvein (Fig.
spots,but withoutwhiteband ..............
28
59, 60) ..................................
2
28. Scalesof lateral area of pronotal lobe white and
Wing withoutanypalepatches,
all scales
dark(Fig.
wide, markedlyoverlappingto form a solidshin61) exceptsometimes
thoseon apicalfringe.... 3
gled area (Fig. 38) ........................
29
Scalesof lateralareaof pronotallobe long and nar2. Analveinwith 3 shortdarkbarsseparated
bywhite
row, tawnyor yellowishin colorand not solidly
bars,costa
witha whitespotonlyat apexof wing;
.,, shingled(Fig. 39) ........................
30
29. Dark mark of mesonotumwide (Fig. 51), with a
definiteshoulderwhere wider posteriorportion
beginsto narrow to narroweranterior portion.
An eastern
species
sometimes
common
in wooded
areasof Illinois, particularlyin southerncounties
..................................
triseriatus
Dark mark of mesonotumas narrow as in Fig. 52,
the anterior portion tapering uniformly from
wider to narrower portion...................
..................
light specimens
of triseriatus
darkspecimens
of hendersoni
30. Mesal dark mark of mesonotumwith anterior por-
tion narrow, suddenlywidenedbeyondmiddle
to includenearlyfull width of mesonotum(Fig.
49); anterior lateral areasbright grayish. An
easternandsouthern
woodlandspecies;
in Illinois,
restrictedto floodplainsin the southernhalf of
the statewheretupelogum treesare present....
...................................
thibaulti
Mesal dark mark of mesonotumwith anterior part
wider than in Fig. 49, wideninggraduallyor by
small stepsto posteriormargin (Fig. 50); anterior lateral areasgrayish,shadingto a golden
tint wherethey mergewith mesaldark area. A
northeasternand north-centralwoodlandspecies
knownin Illinoisonly from Karnak...... aurifer
31. Baseof costawith a shortpatchof pale scales,as
12
palpdarkexceptfor whitebands(Fig. 60). An
easternandsouthern
species
localin Illinois.....
....................................
crucians
Anal vein with apicalhalf and extremebaseblack,
andwith a singlewhite areabetween;costawith
an apicalwhitespotandusuallyalsoa preapical
spotor bar; palp black,unbanded(Fig. 59). A
transcontinental
specieswidespreadin Illinois,
common
beforeJuly..............
punctipennis
3. Tip of wingwith a patchof silveryor goldenfringe
scales;dark wing spots very pronounced.A
northernspecies
notyetfound,butto beexpected,
in Illinois
............................
earlei
Tip of wing with fringe not differentfrom remainder; dark wing spotseither pronouncedor obscure
....................................
4
4. Palp blackexceptfor ringsof white scalesat joints
(Fig. 62). An easternspecies
widespread
in Illinois but not common south of the northern fifth
of the state .........................
walkeri
Palp entirely black, without rings of white scales
(Fig. 61) ................................
5
5. Wing without a trace of spotting; wing length
about 3.5 mm.
An eastern and southern wood-
land species
widespread
but rarelyseenin Illinois
....................................
barberi
Wing with definitedarker areas,giving a spotted
appearance
(Fig. 61); wing lengthabout5.0 mm.
microscope
is bestmethodfor seeingthis character) (subgenus
Culex) ....................
4
Scales
of veinsR..,andRa shortandwide (Fig. 64B)
contrasting
with long, slenderscaleson stemof R,
(subgenusMelanoconion
) ....................
5
4. Dorsal abdominalsegmentswith dingy and often
inconspicuous
basalbandsof yellowishor brownish scales,
the bandsusuallyirregularand narrow.
An easternand centralspecieswidespreadand
annoyingin Illinois but seldomtrappedat light
..................................
salinarius
Dorsal abdominalsegmentswith bright and conspicuous
basalbandsof white scales,the bandsof
the middle segments
wide (Fig. 63B, C). Three
widespread,
frequentlytrappedspeciesof the subgenus Culex, each commonin Illinois, femalesof
whichcannotbe identifiedwith accuracy..piplens
quinquefasciatus
restuans
5. Top of headwith a largemesaltriangleof narrow
scales,the area between this triangle and eyes
Partsof Anophelesadults. Abbreviations:C, costa;a, anal vein;
p, palp;pt, proboscis.(After Ross& Roberts1943.)
FIG. 59.•A. punctipennis,wing and mouthparts.
FIG. 60.-•A. crucians,wing and mouthparts.
FIG. 61.---A. quadrimaculatus,
wing and mouthparts.
FIG. 62.--A. walkeri, mouthparts.
An easternand southernspecieswidespread
in
Illinois, abundant near lakes in summer........
............................
quadrimaculatus
B
C
Key to Speciesof CULEX (Females)
l.
Proboscis and hind tarsus with white bands; mesono-
turn with white longitudinal lines (Fig. 63A).
A transcontinental
speciesof openhabitats,widespreadbut rarelycollectedin Illinois..... tarsalis
Proboscis
and hind tarsusentirelydark; mesonotum
FIG. 63.--Culex females,dorsal aspect:A, Co
tarsalis,thorax and abdomen;B, typical C. pipiens,
abdomen; C, typical C. quinque/asciatus,abdomen.
with pale dots but without white longitudinal
lines .....................................
2
2. Dorsum of abdomenwith apical white bandsor
apicallateral spotson someof the segments,
and
withoutbasalbands. A Holarcticinnocuous
specieswidespread
andoftentrappedin Illinois....
...................................
FIG. 64.--A,
Culex restuans,
scaleson wing vein R_o;B, C. erraticus, scaleson wing veins
and
territans
Dorsumof abdomenwithout apicalbands,with
(Fig. 63/3,(7) or withoutdefinitebasalbands.... 3
3. Scales
of veinsR.,andRaverylongandslender(Fig.
64A), similarto scales
on stemof R.•in Fig. 64B
(examination
of wing mountundera compound
13
coveredwith wide overlappingscales.A small
annoying
species
widespread
andoftenabundant
in Illinois ..........................
erraticus
Topof headentirely
covered
withwideoverlapping
scales
exceptoccasionally
for a narrowmesalline
of narrowscales.An easternandsouthernspecies
foundrarelyin southernIllinois........ peccator
Keyto Species
of CULlSETA
(Females)
1. Dorsumof abdomen
with only very dark,purplish
scales;wing lessthan 4 mm long. An eastern
andcentralwoodlandspecies
not yet found,but
to beexpected,
in Illinois.............
melanura
Dorsumof abdomenwith scatteredtawny or paler
scalesor bandsof suchscales;wing more than
5 mm long ...............................
2
2. Wing with a mixtureof lightscales
anddarkscales;
tarsuswithoutpalebandsbut with a sprinkling
of
pale scales.A widespread
marshspecies
common
throughout
Illinoisin AprilandMay .... inornata
Wing with darkscales
only;first 1 or 2 tarsalsegmentswith slightbut distinctpalebandsat each
end
.....................................
3
3. Middle dorsalsegmentsof abdomeneachwith a
wideandconspicuous
basalbandof whitescales.
A Holarcticspecies
localin northernIllinois....
.................................
morsitans
Mii'•ldle
dorsal
segments
of abdomen
eachwithan
apicaland a basalpaleband,the bandsinconspicuous
andcomposed
of lightbrownscales.
A
rarelycollectedspecies
knownonly from Minnesota and northern Illinois ..........
minnesotae
Keyto Species
of ORTHOPODOMYIA
(Females}
Twospecies
of thisgenus,
albaandsignifera,
havebeen
foundin Illinois,but the two species
can be identifiedto
dateonlyin thelarvalstage.Theyarerarelycollected
in
lighttraps. Neitherbitesman.
.............................
howardi
3. Hind tarsusentirelypurple ...................
4
Hind tarsuspartly white, often with all segments
banded with white or some all white ...........
5
4. Dorsum of abdomenwith apical yellowishbands
that are slightlybrokenon the meson.A southern and tropicalwoodlandand pasturespecies
found locally in the southernhalf of Illinois...
.................................
cyanescens
Dorsumof abdomenwith only small lateral white
spots,asin Fig. 58. Variant specimens
of .....
....................................
varipes
5. Most of the tarsalsegments
eachwith apex dark
and basewith a white band,as in Fig. 13; wing
having a mixtureof dark scalesand white scales
..........................................
Most of the tarsal segmentseachentirely dark or
entirely light; a leg may be bandedbut with an
alternationof entirely dark and entirely light
segments;rarely one segmentmay be banded;
wing having all dark scales.................
7
6. Wing mostlydarkscaled
but with a fairlyevenspeckling of white scales;basalsegmentof hind tarsus
nearlyblack,butwith two brightwhitebands,a narrow one at extreme base and a wider one at middle
of segment. A widespread
Americanspecies
of
temperate
andtropicalopenhabitats,
locallyabundantthroughoutIllinois ..............
confinnis
Wing with white scalesgroupedinto definitelines
or patcheson someveins;basalsegmentof hind
tarsusmostly white scaledbut with dark scales
intermingleduniformly along its entire length.
A southern
andMexicanspecies
of openhabitats,
locallyabundantthroughoutIllinois..... discolor
7. Mesonotumgoldenscaledover its entire area. An
easternandtropicalwoodlandspecies
widespread
alongfloodplains
in Illinois..............
ferox
Mesonotum with mesal half black scaled, lateral
Keyto Species
of PSOROPHORA
(Females)
1. Wing length over 6.5 mm, usually7 to 8 mm;
mesonotum
havinga narrowmesalbandof scales
flankedby a linearbarepolishedbandon each
side (Fig. 11); hind femur with a prominent
tuft of hairsat apex (Fig. 13) ................
2
Wing lengthunder 5 mm, usually3.5 to 4.5 mm;
mesonotum with entire area scaled; hind femur
(Fig. 15) without a well-markedtuft of hairs
at apex .........................
: ........
3
2. Mesonotumwith mesalbandof scalesyellow,hind
tibia andtarsusvery bushy(as shownin drawing
on coverof this publication). An easternand
tropicalspecies
widespread
and sometimes
commonin bothopenandwoodedhabitatsin Illinois
....................................
sometimeslocally abundanton floodplainsin
Illinois
portionswhite scaled,scalesof the two colors
forminglongitudinalbands.................
8
8. Hind tarsushavingnext to lastsegmentcompletely
or partly white, the last one black. A southern
and tropicalwoodlandspecies
widespread
along
floodplains
in the southernhalf of Illinois.....
....................................
varipes
Hind tarsushavingthe last2 or 2« segments
white,
the remainder
black
.......................
9
9. Apex of femur, or "knee,"with a narrowwhite
band. An easternand southernwoodlandspecies
widespread
alongfloodplains
in Illinois..horrida
Apexof femurdark,withouta band. A midwestern
species
not yet known,but to be expected,
in
woodlandsof Illinois..............
1ongipalpis
ciliata
Mesonotum with mesal band of scalesblack, hind
KEYS TO CULICIDAE MALES
Someof thepartsnamedin thesekeysareillustrated
tibia and tarsuspubescentbut not unusually
areincluded
in thediagnostic
drawings
bushy. A southern
andtropicalwoodlandspecies in Fig.65;others
14
•
terminol
spine
.•
Apicalspineof dististylesingle,asin Fig. 72..... 6
6. Apical spineof dististyleconeshaped,wide and
truncateat apex,and with what appearsto be a
minutefringe along the edge (Fig. 70) ........
............................
Orthapodomyia
Apical spineof dististyleeither parallel sidedor
taperingto apex,as in Fig. 68, 72............
7
7. Apexof basistyle
continuingas a pointedlobebeyondinsertionof dististyle(Fig. 75) ...... Aedes
Dististylesituatedat apexof basistyle,
asin Fig. 72,
DISTISTYLE
or truncate (Fig. 120) ......................
•
8
8. A subcylindrical
projection(claspette)arisingfrom
near baseof eachbasistyleand tippedwith 1 or
morespinesor processes
(Fig. 76-100, 117-123)
'• •'••filament "1
Claspettenot present(Fig. 74) ................
11
9. Apexof claspette
bearinga singlesclerous
process
.11.ii...s,ou,
,,ne
that is filamentousor bladelike (Fig. 76-100,
124) ....................................
10
Apex of claspette
bearinga clusterof spines,one
•(:;. d5.--Diagram o• the style (basisty]eand dististyle)and
claspetteof the male genitalia,indicatingthe terminologyused
of whichmay appearto be a process(Fig. 117123) ............................
Psorophora
10. Claspettebranched,
with a long basalas well as
apicalbranch(Fig. 124)............
Psorophora
Claspette
notbranched
or,at most,withbasalbranch
illustratingthe couplets.Althoughsomemalescanbe
short(Fig. 76-100) ...................
Aeries
identifiedby the setof keysdesigned
for females(especially the key to genera),thosemaleshaving minute 11. Dististylebearinga long hook and a largemesal
membranous
lobe (Fig. 118) ........
Psorophora
partsdifficultto seecan be more easilyand reliably
Dististylewithoutan accessory
mesalmembranous
identifiedby the setof keyspresented
in the following
for the parts.
lobe
pages.
Key to Generaof CULICIDAE(Males)
1. Fork of vein R,o+3
closeto apical margin of wing,
cell R2 only half the lengthof its stalk,R,•+3
(Fig.
7)
......................................
2
....................................
12
12. Basistyle
with a shoulderor mesallobe (c in Fig.
103A) nearapex,this lobebearinga clusterof
specialized
bladelike
or spatulare
spines,
whichare
frequentlycomplexin structure(Fig. 103A,
111A) ...............................
Culex
Fork of vein Rs+,,much farther from apical margin
of wing, so that cell R2 is at least as long as its
stalk (Fig. 8) ............................
3
2. Palp short and inconspicuous
(Fig. 18); wing less
than 3.5 mm long; genitalia as in Fig. 69 .......
......................
Uranotaeniasapphirina
Palp long and massive(Fig. 66); wing more than
6 mm long; gertitaliaasin Fig. 72.............
..........
Toxorhynchites
rutilus septentrionalis
66
'•
3. Mesoscutellum
with apicalmarginevenlyrounded,
the hairsarrangedevenlyalongit (Fig. 9); palp
clavate (Fig. 67) ..................
Anopheles
Mesoscutellum
with apicalmargin incisedto form
a mesal lobe and 2 lateral lobes, with the hairs
groupedon these3 lobes (Fig. 10); palp not
clavate
...................................
4
4. Dististylewith manyirregularlobes(Fig. 71) .....
...........................
Wyeomyiasmithi
Dististyleeither unbranched,as in Fig. 72, or with
only 1 or 2 simplelobes(Fig. 118) ...........
5
5. Apical spine of dististyledouble,each ray short
andstout(Fig. 114A); phallosome
withoutlateral
teethat apex (Fig. 114/3) .............
Cullseta
FIG. 66.--Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, male head.
Abbreviations:p, palp; pt, proboscis.
FIG. 67.--Anopheles quadrimaculatus,male head. Abbreviations: p, palp; pt, proboscis.
15
Basi•style
eitherwithouta shoulder
nearapex,or
the shoulder,if present,bearing only narrow
spines ..................................
15
15. Basistylewith a stout rodlike structureon mesal
facenear middle;dististylewith apicalhalf very
wide, its terminalspinestoutand spurlike(Fig.
68) ....................
Mansoniaperturbans
Basistylefrequentlywith one or more stouthairs
on mesal face near middle or base, but never with
a rodlike structure (Fig. 74); dististylenot as
in Fig. 68.............................
Dististyle
arisingat extremeapexoœbasistyle
(Fig.
73) .....................................
2
2. Dististylewide nearapex,terminating
in a sharp
projection
thatisnearlyaslongasterminal
spine;
claspette
a smallbushylobe(Fig. 73) .... vexans
Dististyle
narrowat apex,tippedby terminalspine
(Fig. 74) ................................
3
3. Claspette
absent(Fig. 74)...............
aegypti
Claspette
present(Fig. 76-100) ...............
4
4. Stemof claspette
branched
neartip,onebranch
ending in a hair,theotherbearingthe filament(Fig.
Aedes
79C); filamentmassive
andcontorted,
thin andpale
Keyto Species
of AEDES(Males)
1. Dististylearisingbeœore
apexoœbasistyle,
the portion oœthe basistylewhich extendsbeyondthe
dististyleformingan apicalcone(Fig. 75) .....
...................................
..................................
thibaulti
Stemof claspette
with an unbranched
apexbearing
the filament(Fig. 78C,84F); filamentof various
sizesandshapes,
butneverbothmassive
andcontorted
cinereus
...................................
5
I
•
70
Male genitalia.
FIG.68.--Mansonia
perturbans,
ventral
aspect,
andlateral
as-
FIG.70.--Orthopodomyia
signi/era,
ventral
aspect.
pect
ofdististyle.
FIG.
71.--Wyeomyia
smithi:
A,ventral
aspect;
B,lateral
aspect.
FIG.69.--Uranotaenia
sapphirina:
A, ventral
aspect,
andlateral Theapical
contorted
structure
isthedististyle.
aspect
ofdististyle;
B,mesal
aspect
ofclasper,
withphallosome
and
FIG.
72.--Toxorhynchites
rutilus
septentrionalis,
ventral
aspect.
othermesal
structures
removed.
16
Theinternal
phallosome
is notshown.
73
74
VEXANS
AEGYPTI
,
C
,
.db
75
CINEREUS
'- ..... "
'.
,
,C
"'"-=-'
78 ,'
FIG.
73-80.--Aedes,
male
genitalia,
ventral
aspect:
A,mesal
aspect
ofbasistyle;
C,claspette,
lateral
aspect.
Abbreviation:
db,dorsal
brush.
(Fig.
73 and74after
Matheson
1944.)
17
ß
.
•
INTRUDENS
F
ATLANTICUS
FIG.81'-86.--Aedes,
malegenitalia,
ventral
aspect:
A, basistyle,
mesal
aspect;
B,enlarged
detail
ofbasal
lobe,
ventral
aspect;
C,claspette, lateral aspect;F, claspette,dorsalaspect.
18
INFIRMATUS
/•
/
'_ff•......•.• '9'
""'"'•TRIVITTATU
FLAVESCENS /
D
FIG.
87-93.•e•e•,
ventral
a•pect:
•,Posterior
basis•le,
mesal
aspect;
B,basal
lobe,
ventral
aspect;
C,claspe•e,
lateral
and
inFi•.
88and
89am•]e•enkalia,
detail
o•itsapex;
D,basal
lobe,
aspect.
19
FIG.
94-100.--Aedes,
male
genitalia,
ventral
aspect:
A,basistyle,
mesal
aspect;
C,claspette,
lateral
aspect;
D,basal
lobe,
posterior
aspect;
F, claspette,
dorsalaspect.
20
5. Basistyle
withoutapicallobe (Fig. 76-78)....... 6
Basistyle
with apicallobedefinitely
developed
(Fig.
80, 85) or represented
by a massof long hairs
(Fig. 81, 82) ..............................
9
6. Basistyle
with a thickbrushof hairs,db, on dorsal
side (Fig. 77); basallobe with a large areaof
hairs
.............................
14. Apical lobe with a large densepatchof spatulare
hairs (Fig. 80) ....................
canadensis
Apical lobe with hairs taperingevenly (Fig. 85)
triseriatus
hendersoni
Basistyle
withouta brushof hairson dorsalside,but
with a definitebrushformingthe basallobe (Fig.
15. Basallobewith 2 stoutspinesandmanysmallhairs
(Fig. 85B); hairs near the 2 stout spinesshorter
than hairson basallobein Fig. 86B...... dorsalis
Basallobe at most with only 1 stout spine,sometimes with someof the hairs on basallobe very
long (Fig. 86B) .........................
16
16. Basallobe appearingdetached,joined to basistyle
76, 78) ..................................
7
by only a narrowsclerotizedstrip (Fig. 87, 88B,
7. Filamentof claspette
only abouthalf aslongasstem
89/1)
...................................
17
of claspette,
similarto that in Fig. 9•C .........
Basallobeforminga solidpart of the basistyle(Fig.
.................................
atropalpus
90-98 ) ..................................
19
Filamentof claspetteapproximately
aslong asstem
17. Apicallobesmall (Fig. 87) ..............
dupreei
of claspette(Fig. 76C) .....................
8
Apical lobe large (Fig. 88) ...................
18
$. Basal lobe a distinct,raised prominence;basistyle
18. Filamentof claspettewide, its lower basalcorner
considerably
widenedat basallobe (Fig. 76) ....
.................................
mitchellae
producedinto a definiteangle,Fig. 89C; mesal
aspectof apicallobelongandnarrow(Fig. 89A)
Basalloberepresented
by only a slightlyraiseddisc...................................
spenceri
like area; basistyleonly imperceptiblywidened
Filamentof claspette
narrowerthanthatin Fig. 89C,
at this point (Fig. 78) ............
nigromaculis
sollicitans
its lower margin almost continuousin outline
with the stemof the claspette;mesalaspectof
9. Basistylewith a densebrush of long posteriorly
apicallobeshorterthanthat in Fig. 89A, decidedly
directedhairsat apex(Fig. 81); basallobeformovate (Fig. 88A) ....................
sticticus
ing a fiat scleriteon mesalfaceof basistyle,
the
19. Basallobewithouta stoutspine,havingonly abunlobe bearinga singlelong spineat its apex (Fig.
dant short hairs (Fig. 95) ...........
excrucians
81,4) ...............................
aurifer
Basallobewith a conspicuous
stoutspineor a group
Basistyle
withouta denseapicalbrushof longspines,
of long hairs (Fig. 90) ....................
20
but with a well-developed
apicallobe (Fig. 83);
basallobe not as in Fig. 81A, either projecting 20. Filamentof claspettehavingan upperpoint which
is producedbackwardinto a sharpbasalbarb
from basistyle,or with a large spine at its base,
(Fig. 90C) ..............................
21
or 2 spinesat its apex (Fig. 82A), or withouta
Filament of claspettewithout a barb (Fig. 92C),
spine,sometimes
with a clusterof longhairs... 10
at most with a sharp upper corner (Fig. 93C)
10. Integument
of almostentirebodyyellow;stoutspine
arising from base of basallobe flattenedand
widenedat tip (Fig. 83B)........ fulvuspallens 21. Stoutdorsalspineof basallobehavingan angulate
thickeningnear its base(Fig. 90) ..... infirmatu$
Integumentchieflydark brownor black;if a stout
Stout dorsal spine of basal lobe evenly sinuate
spinearises
frombasallobe,it tapers
to a pointed
throughoutits length (Fig. 91) ....... trivittatus
tip (Fig. 84, 85A, B) ......................
11
primarilyof an areaof short
11. Basallobehaving2 unusually
long and fairly stout 22. Basallobe composed
hairsformingthe basalportionof the mesalface
hairsarisingfrom apicalmargin(Fig. 100); filaof the basistyle(Fig. 92, 93) ...............
23
mentof claspette
irregularandappearing
twisted
..................................
trichurus
Basalloberepresented
by a distinctlobeprojecting
roesallyfrom the basistyle(Fig. 96-98) ...... 24
Basallobewithoutsucha pairof longandstouthairs
arisingfrom apicalmargin;filamentof claspette 23. Area comprisingthe basallobelong and triangular
(Fig. 92); filamentof claspettefairly short (Fig.
either contorted (Fig. 84F), or not (Fig. 85C)
.........................................
12
92C); no area of membranepresentwithin the
basallobe (Fig. 92A) ...............
fiavescens
12. Largestoutspineof basallobesituatedon a sepaArea comprisingbasallobeshorterthan that in Fig.
rate elevatedfinger-likeprocess(Fig. 84) ..... 13
92, its lower portion somewhatprojecting (Fig.
Large stout spineof basallobe either not on an
93); filamentof claspette
long and slender(Fig.
elevatedfinger-likeprocess(Fig. 85) or absent
.........................................
14
93C); an oval area of membranepresentabove
the stoutspine (Fig. 93A) ...........
stimulans
24. Filamentof claspettewith an elongatenarrownecktinct divisioninto a basalstalkand an apicalfilalike base(Fig. 97C) ...............
grossbecki
ment (Fig. 84F) ...................
atlanticus
Filamentof claspettewithout a well-differentiated
Claspettedistinctlydividedinto a basalstalkand
basalneck (Fig. 98C), or with a short one (Fig.
a sharplydelineatedcurvedapicalfilament,much
13. Claspette
forminga sinuateprocess
withouta dis-
as in Fig. 96C ......................
tormentor
94C) ...................................
25
21
25. Basal lobe with membranous
hair-bearingportion
that, from the ventral aspect,is hiddenbehinda
projectingventralshoulder(Fig. 98) and that
projects
ventromesad
(Fig. 98A)...... abserratus
Basal lobe with membranoushair-bearingportion
that is well exposedfrom the ventralaspectand
is without a projectingventral shoulder(Fig.
94, 96) .................................
26
26. Apical lobe of basistylemoderatelynarrow and
forming a somewhatangulatemesalflange (Fig.
86) ..............................
campestris
Apical lobe of basistylelarge and ovate (Fig. 94,
96) .....................................
bars;costawith a white bar only at apexof wing;
palp dark but with white bands(Fig. 60) .......
...................................
cruzians
Anal vein with extremebaseandmostof apicalhalf
blackand with a singlewhite areabetween;costa
with an apicalwhite bar and usuallyalsoa preapicalbar; palp black,unbanded(Fig. 59) .....
...............................
punctipennis
3. Tip of wing with a patchof silveryor goldenfringe
scales;
dark wing spotsvery pronounced...earlei
Tip of wing with fringe not differentfrom remainder;darkwingspotseitherpronounced
or obscure
27
x /l,
[•$"
.•. •
,:,-,x
'r-•
.•>?..',i:!/ 102
•
,,.,z•.
................
..
-
BARBERI
QUADRI
ATUS
FIG. 101-102.--Anopheles, male genitalia: A, phallosome;B, claspettes;C, ventral aspectof entire structure.Abbreviations;D-L,
dorsallobe of claspette;V-L, ventral lobe of claspette;Bs, basistyle;CL, claspette;
DS, dististyle;IXT, ninth tergite;PB-S,parabasalspine;
PH, phallosome;P-IXT, processof ninth tergite;PR, proctiger. (After Ross& Roberts1943.)
27. Claspette
with baseof filamentsharplybentsothat
most of the filament forms a right angle with
the stem(Fig. 99C) ................
communis
Claspette
withbaseof filament
notbent,thefilament
forming an obtuseanglewith the stem (Fig. 94C,
96C) ....................................
28
28. Basallobe with abundantlong hairs which form a
thickbrush(Fig. 94D); apicallobewith a few long
hairson mesalface (Fig. 94) .............
fitchi
Basallobewith sparseand moderately
shorthairs;
apicallobe with abundanthairs on mesalface
(Fig. 96) ...........................
punctor
Keyfo Species
of ANOPHELES
(Males}
2
Wing withoutanypalepatches,
all scales
dark (Fig.
61) exceptsometimes
apicalfringe scales
...... 3
2. Anal veinwith 3 shortdarkbarsseparated
by white
22
61) ......................................
5
5. Phallosomewithout leafletsat apex (Fig. 101A);
wing lengthunder 3.5 mm.............
barberi
Phallosome
with a clusterof leafletsat apex (Fig.
102A); wing length over 3.5 mm.............
............................
quadrimaculatus
Key fo Speciesof CULEX(Males}
1. Basistyle
globularand short;subapical
lobe,c, divided
into two or threeindividuallongstalks(Fig. 110A,
iliA)
l. Wing with 1 or more bars of white or yellowish
white scalesalong anteriormargin and anal vein
(Fig. 59, 60) ..............................
4. Palp blackbut with ringsof white scalesat joints
(Fig. 62) ...........................
walkeri
Palp entirelyblack and without white rings (Fig.
...................................
2
Basistyle
elongate,
taperingat apex;subapical
lobe,c,
onlyslightly,if at all, subdivided
(Fig. 103A, 105A,
109A ) ...................................
3
2. Dististylenarrowandonly slightlycurved;subapical
lobe,'c,with upperstalkslender,leafletregularin
shapeandof moderate
size(Fig. 111A)..erraticus
FIG.103-111.--Culex,
malegenitalia:
A, claspers,
lateral
aspect;
B, phallosomal
structures,
dorsal
ast•ect;
C. ventral
viewof capsule.
Abbreviations:
a
and
b,
as
in
key;
c,
subapical
lobe;
m.
middle
and,
;•.
inner
pEal!osomal
plates:
•,.
b2•al
arm
of
tenth
sternire;
s,apex
of tenth sternire.
23
Dististylewiderandfairly sharplycurved;subapical
bladelike,
apexcurvedlateradandparalleled
by a
ventralbladeof middleplate,m; middleplatewith
basalprojection,
a, projectingonly laterad(Fig.
lobe, c, with upper stalk stout,leaflet very large
and with irregularoutline (Fig. 110A) ..........
...................................
109B) ..............................
peccator
3. Middle phallosomalplate, m, armed with a cluster
of stoutsclerotized
teeth (Fig. 108B, 109B) ..... 4
Middle phallosomal
plate,m, not toothed(Fig. 103B107B) ...................................
5
4. Lateralarm of inner phallosomal
plate,n, with apical
half expanded;middleplate,m, with basalprojection,a, curvedbackandup underteeth (Fig. 108B)
and without a ventral bladeparallelinginner plate
..................................
salinarius
Lateralarm of innerphallosomal
plate,n, narrowand
tarsalis
5. Innerandmiddlephallosomal
platesnot separate
from
eachother,togetherrepresented
by a singlestructure,
m (Fig. 103B, 107B) .......................
6
Inner phallosomal
pla:e,n, forminga V- or U-shaped
structure;
middlephallosomal
plate,m, well developed,eacharmterminating
in a sickle-shaped
process,b (Fig. 105B, 106B) ....................
7
6. Middlephallosomal
plate,m, with apexesforminga
pairof stoutrodscurvedlaterallyat theirtips (Fig.
107B); brushof tenthsternire,
s, bushy...restuans
Middle phallosomal
plate,m, with apexesforminga
pair of roundserratelobes,thetwo forminga sclerotizedoval;brushof tenthsternire,
s, comblike(Fig.
103B) ............................
territans*
7. Rodsof innerphallosomal
plate,n, divergent,
together
forminga V-shapedstructure(Fig. 105B).......
....................................
piplens
Rodsof innerphallosomal
plate,n, convergent,
together forminga U-shaped
structure
(Fig. 106B).....
............................
quinquefasciatus
112C
I M PATI EN S
Key fo Speciesof CULlSETA(Males}
1. Phallosome
consisting
of a pair of long slenderblack
rodstippedwith a smallmembranous
piece (Fig.
! 14B) .............................
inornata
Phallosome
wide and bulbousand only lightly sclerotized (Fig. 113B, 116B) .....................
2
2. Phallosomesomewhatquadrate,its lateral margins
angulatenear apex (Fig. 115B)..... minnesotae
Phallosome
ovate,itslateralmarginssinuateor rounded
(Fig. 113B, 116B) .........................
3
3. Phallosome
rather8-shaped,
the basalswellingat least
as broadas the apical one (Fig. 113B); large individuals
........................
morsitans
Phallosome
broadlyoval, broadestjust beforeapex
(Fig. 116); small individuals .........
melanura
Key to Speciesof ORTHOPODOMYIA(Males}
Two species
of thisgenus,albaandsignifera,havebeen
foundin Illinois,but the two species
canbe identified
to dateonlyin the larvalstage. They arerarelycollected
in light traps. Neither bitesman.
Key to Speciesof PSOROPHORA(Males}
1. Dististylewith a largemesallobe and a long mesat
spurlikeprojection(Fig. 118).........
howardi
115B
MINNESOTAE
FIG. l l2-ll6.--Culiseta,
116B
MELANURA
male genitalia: A, genital capsule,
ventral aspect;B, phallosome,dorsal aspect;C, lobe of tenth
sternite, lateral aspect.
24
Dististylewithout mesalprocesses
..............
2
2. Dististylewith tip truncate;apicalspursituatedbefore apex (Fig. 120)..................
varipes
Dististyle
with tip roundor taperedandsmall;apical
spursituatedat end (Fig. 119)..............
3
* Formerly
in which
bridge
the
(Fig.
listed
arms
104B),
as Culex
of the
apicalis
phallosome
Adams,
are
not
a western
joined
as is the case in Culex territans
species
by an api('al
(Fig.
10,qB).
o
o o
ß
FIG. 117 (upper).--Psorophora ciliata, male
genitalia. (After Matkeson 1944.)
FIG. 118 (1ower).--?sorophora howardi,
male genitalia. (After Matheson 1944.)
3. Dististyle narrow and sinuate,with a mesal row of
bristles(Fig. 117).....................
ciliata
Dististyleexpanded
nearor beyondmiddle,without
mesalrow of bristles(Fig. 119).............
4
tionswhite scaled,the two colorsforminglongi-
tudinal bands ........................
horrida
7. Apex of claspettewith a denseseriesof hairs and
scales(Fig. 119) ..................
cyanescens
4. Apicalportionof claspette
havingtwolongslender
Apexof claspette
with a seriesof only4 to 8 long
filaments,
eachtippedwitha longcurved
spine
thickenedhairs (Fig. 121, 122) ..............
8
(Fig. 124) .......................
longipalpis 8. Apexof claspette
with 5 to 8 thickened
hairs(Fig.
Apicalportionof claspette
withoutsuchfilaments
121) ..............................
confinnis
(Fig. 121, 122) ...........................
5
Apexof claspette
with4 or 5 thickened
hairs(Fig.
5. Apexof claspette
with a series
of simplesetaeor
122) ...............................
discalor
hairs and two flattened contorted leaflets at lateral
corner (Fig. 123) ........................
6
Apexof claspette
withoutcontortedleaflets,at most
with scales
andthickened
hairs(Fig. 119, 121)
6. Mesonotumgolden scaledover its entire area.....
.....................................
ferox
Mesonotum
withmesal
halfblackscaled,
lateralpor-
KEYS TO CULICIDAE
LARVAE
The chiefpartsnamedin thesekeysare illustrated
in
Fig. 125 and126;otherpartsareincludedin thediaonostic
drawings
illustrating
thecouplets.The mouthbrushes
are
omittedfrom headdrawings
exceptFig. 129B. In drawingsof the air tube,exceptFig. 165A, 169A, and 172A,
ventraltuftsareshownfor onlyoneside.
25
FIG. 119 (upper left).--Psorophora cyanescerts.male genitalia. (After Matheson1944.)
FIG. 120 (upperright) .--Psorophoravaripes,
malegenitalia.(After Matheson
1944.)
FIG. 121 (lower left).--Psorophora confi,his, male genitalia. (After Matheson 1944.)
FIG. 122 (lower right).--Psorophora
color, male genitalia. (After Matheson 1944.)
/ /
.
M
xs
FIG. 123 (left).--Psorophora horrida. male genitalia. (After Roth 1945.)
FIG. 124 (right).--Psorophora longipalpis, male
genitalia. (After Roth 1945.) Abbreviations:C, dististyle;Clp, claspette;M, mesosome;
S, basistyle;IXT,
ninth tergite; IXT-L, lateral lobe of ninth tergite;
6,1p
IXS, ninth sternite; XS. tenth sternite.
$,'
IXT--
Key to C:3onera
of CULICIDAE(Larvae)
1. Eighthsegment
with a flat spiracular
plate,but no air
tube (Fig. 126) ...................
26
Anopheles
Eighthsegmentwith an air tube (Fig. 125)......
2
2. Air tube short,with someof its scleritesat the apex
forminglong stoutspurlikeprocesses
(Fig. 128A.
132). Foundattachedby its air tube to rootsof
succulent
vegetation
in marshes
with softbottom;
seldomseenat surface
...... Mansoniaperturbans
Air tube without apicalstout spurlikeprocesses,
its
apical scleritesflat or conical (Fig. 127.4, 129.4)
3. Ventral brush of anal segmentrepresented
by only
a singlepair of double(Fig. 130.4) or triple hairs.
Found only in the liquid inside the bladder-like
leavesof pitcherplants........
Wyeomyiasmithi
Ventral brushof anal segmentconsisting
of several
tuftsof hairs (Fig. 127.4, 129.4) ..............
4
•. Anal segmentwith sclerotizedplate not meetingon
ventralsurface(Fig. 140.4,141.4)........
Aedes
Anal segmentcompletelyringed by sclerotizedplate
(Fig. 127.4) ..............................
5
). Air tubecylindricalandwithout a pecten(Fig. 127.4,
129.4) ...................................
FIG. 125--Larval
& McNeel
diagram, Culicinae. (After King, Bradley,
1939.)
6
Air tube eithergreatlyswollen(Fig. 176) or with a
pecten(Fig. 145A, 165A) ...................
7
6. Abdominalsegments3-7 each with 3 spine-bearing
sclerous
plateson eachside (as on segment7, Fig.
129A); head quadrate,with most of dorsalhairs
single,andwith hairsof mouthbrushes
coarse(Fig.
129B• Occurringin tree holes;predaciouson
/
PRO.
ß
)4•'S
O.
FIG. 126.--Anopheles larva. Left figure, dorsal
view of entire larva; upper right figure, details of
thorax; lower right figure, apex of abdomen, lateral
aspect. (After Ross& Roberts 1943.)
-.
POSTRPIRACULAR
RPIRACL[
ß
ß
ß
F•CT•N
i
/
/'/
ß
POSTgRIOR
ANAL
T[RGAL
I'C)ST[NIOR
fflATE
ANAL
R[GM
LI'4T
/
LATERAL
HAIR' '
•ANAL
VœNTRAL
RRUSI"•.
GI/.J.S
27
127A
127B
/
129•
129B
130A
Larval parts: A, apex of abdomen; B, dorsum of head.
FIG. 127.--Orthopodomyiasign#era.
FIG. 128.--Mansonia perturbans(the air tube only).
King, Bradley, & McNeel 1939.)
28
(After
FIG. 129.--Toxorhynchites
rutilus septentrionalis.
FIG. 130.--IVyeomyia smithi. (Ventral brushreducedto only
4 long hairs.)
side of the eighth segment(Fig. 131A); head
with 4 stoutblackspinessituateddorsally(Fig.
13lB). Livesamongemergent
plantsin permanentshallowwater...... Uranotaenia
sapphirina
Teethof lateralcombeitheron a smallpoorlydefined
plate (Fig. 173A), or not on a plate;headwith
slender
hairssituated
dorsally(Fig. 173B)....... 8
8. Head with anteriorportion squareand with short
antennanot reachingbeyondfront marginof head
(Fig. 175B) ......................
Psorc•phora
Head either with anteriorportion rounded(Fig.
174B), or antennaextending
far beyondfrontmargin of head (Fig. 177) ......................
9
9. Air tube having a branchedhair on each side at its
base(Fig. 170A-172A)...............
Cullseta
Air tubehavingno branched
hair at its base(Fig.
135A, 163A) ............................
FIG. 131.--Uranotaeniasapphirina,larva. A, apex of abdo-
men, lateral aspect;B, dotsumof head.
other mosquitolarvae...........
•.............
that arise out of the ventral midline of the sclerous
ring (Fig. 173A-174A)............
Psorophora
Ventralbrushof analsegment
with all tuftsposterior
..........
Toxorhynchites
rutilusseptentrionalis
Abdominal
segments
3-7 withoutlateralspine-bearto sclerous
ring (Fig. 143A) ..............
ing sclerous
plates(Fig. 127A), sometimes
segments6 and7 eachwith dorsal
saddle;
headoval,
withmostof thedorsal
hairsmultiple(Fig. 127B) Key to Speciesof AEDES(Larvae}
and with hairsof mouthbrushesfine............
............................
Orthopodomyia
7. Teethof lateral
combsituated
ontheposterior
margin
of a largesclerous
plate that coversmostof each
10
10. Air tubewith severalsingleor branchedhairson each
side (Fig. 163A-168A).................
Culex
Air tubewith onlyonesingleor branched
hairon each
side (Fig. 143A, 173A), or with none.........
11
11. Ventral brushof anal segmenthavingseveraltufts
Aedes
1. Anal segmentcompletelyringed by sclerousplate
(Fig. 133A)
.............................
2
Anal segmentwith sclerous
plate not meetingbelow,
frequently
formingonlya dorsalsaddle(Fig. 136A)
.........................................
2
2. Pectenextending
beyondventraltuft on air tube (Fig.
133A) ...................................
3
Ventral tuft situatedbeyondend of pectenon air
tube (Fig. 135A) .........................
4
3. Lateralcombconsisting
of an irregularsinglerow of
9 to 14 scales,
eachscale
havinga longapicalpoint,
as in Fig. 138A; all teeth of pectenformingan
even,closelyspacedrow (not as in Fig. 138A).
Occursduring summerin temporarywoodland
pools ............................
tormentor
Lateralcombconsisting
of a triangular
patchof 25 or
morescales,
eachscalefairlyevenlyleathered
around
apex;apicaltoothof pectensituatedsomedistance
fromthe remainder
of the row (Fig. 133A). Occursduringsummerin temporary
pools
.........
...............................
fulvuspallens
4. Gillsbudlike,
muchshorter
thananalsegment
(Fig.
135A). Occursin summerin poolscontaining
sulfurcompounds
..................
sollicitans
Gills at leastas longas analsegment(Fig. 136A),
F•6. 132.--Mansonia perturbans, larva.
(After Matheson 1944.)
frequently
verylongandeachpointedat tip (Fig.
138A) ...................................
5
5. Gills with prominenttracheae
and extremely
long,
about10timeslengthof analsegment
(Fig.148A);
lateralcombwithonlya fewscales.Occurs
during
29
summer in temporaryheavily shadedwoodland
pools;larvaeseldomcometo surface
..... dupreei
Gills without tracheaeand much shorterthan gills in
Fig. 148A, at most3 or 4 timesleng,hof analsegment (Fig. 138A); lateralcombwith few to many
scales ....................................
6
6. Dorsal tuft at apex of anal segmentrepresentedby
two pairsof long stronghairs (Fig. 143A). Occurs
in springin woodlandandbogpools... abserratu•
Dorsaltuft at apex of anal segmentwith upper pair
of hairsmany-branched
and fanlike,lowerpair single, long, and strong (Fig. 144A) ............
7
7. Pectenwith severalwidely detachedteeth,exem.
t)lified
in Fig. 138A, and extendingalong two thirds the
lengthof the air tube;ventral tuft situatedcloseto
apex of air tube, more than three-quarters
of the
distancefrom the baseof air tube. Occursduring
summerin unshaded
and usuallyalkalineponds...
...............................
nigromaculis
Pectenwithout detachedteeth and not extendingso
far alongair tube (Fig. 145A); ventraltuft situated
either midway along air tube or only two-thirds
distance from its base .......................
8
8. Lateralcombhavingonly 4 to 6 scales;gills 3 or 4
timeslengthof anal segment. Occursduringsummer in temporarywoodland,?ools
...... atlanticus
Lateral comb having 10 scalesor more; gills ranging
from 1 to 4 timeslengthof analsegment
........
9
9. Gills 3 to 4 times as long as anal segment'air tube
thick,its lengthabout2.5 timesits depthnear mid-
dle (Fig. 145A). Occursduring late st•ringand
summer,especiallyin temporarywoodlandpools
.................................
trivittatus
Gills only 1 to 1.5 times as long as anal segment:air
tube slightlymore slenderthan that in Fig. 145A,
itslengthequalto or exceeding
2.5 timesitsdepth
near middle
.............................
10
10. Ventral tuft of air tube situatedmidwayalonglength
of tube and composed
of only 3 to 5 hairs (Fig.
151). Occursduring spring in cold forestpools
and bogs ...........................
punctor
Ventral tuft of air tube situatedbeyondmiddle of
tubeandcomposed
of 6 or morehairs (Fig. 152)
in domestic containers around habitations; rare
in Illinois ...........................
aegypti
Dorsal head hair 7 divided into a 4- to 15-branched
tuft (Fig. 150B); analsegmentwith upperhair of
dorsal tuft 5- to 15-branched and much shorter than
lower singlehair (Fig. 150A) ...............
13
13. Pectenwith one or more apicalteethspacedfairly far
fromthe nearest,
appearing
detached
from row (Fig.
138A)
..................................
14
Pectenwith all teeth closetogetherand forming an
evenrow (Fig. 136A) .....................
22
14. Air tube with pectenextendingbeyondventraltuft
(Fig. 153) ...............................
15
Air tubewith ven'raltuft situatedbcy•,rdpe"ten(Fig.
138A) ..................................
16
15. Air tube with about 8 hair tufts on each side ab•we
levelof pecten(Fig. 153); lateralcombconsisting
of 14 to 16 scales,
eachscalehavinga long apical
spine,as in Fig. 139A. Occursduring spring in
grassyswalesin light shade...........
t:Schurus
Air tube with no hair tufts other than ventral tuft;
lateralcombconsisting
of 20 to 60 scales,
eachscale
fairly evenly leathered,as in Fig. 141A. Occurs
during kummerin rain-filledrock holes.........
.................................
a':•palpus
•6. Headhair6 considerably
to thesideof, andonlyslightly anteriorto, headhair 5 (Fig. 137B5.........
17
Head hair 6 only slightlyto the sideof, bw considerablyanteriorto, headhair 5 (Fig. 139B)....... 18
17. Antenna fairly thick at bas• and long, tuft beyond
middle (Fig. 137B); headhairs5 and 6 double,
occasionally
1 of the 4 head hairs triple; elypeal
bristlesmoderately
far apart. Occursduringspring
in woodlandpoolsand bogs............
aurifer
Antennanot enlargedat base,tuft belowmiddle(Fig.
138B); head hairs 5 and 6 triple to multiple,at
least 2 of the 4 head hairs with 4 to 6 branches;
clypealbristles
muchclosertogether
thanin
Occursduringspringin woodland
p:•ols,bogs,and
marshes ............................
cinereus
18. Air tube 5 timesas long as its depthat middleof
pecten,its ventraltuft verylong (Fig. 140A). Occursduringspringin temporarywoodlandpools
.........................................
11
and bogs .........................
excrucians
Air tubenot morethan4 timesaslongasits depthat
11. Ventral tuft of air tube situatednearly as closeto
middleof pecten,its ventraltuft frequentlyshort
the last tooth of pectenas that tooth is to the
(Fig. 139A) .............................
19
precedingtooth; air tube at most 2.5 timesas
long asits depthnearmiddle(Fig. 154•. Occurs 19. Head hairs5 and 6 single;anal segmentwith only l
or 2 tufts anterior to ventral barred area at apex
in temporarygroundpools...........
infirmatus
Ventral tuft of air tube situated be7ond the last
tooth of pectenas far as shownin Fi', •52; air
tube 3 or more timesas long as its depth near
middle. Occurs during summerin temporary
groundpools .....................
mitchellae
12. Dorsal head hair 7, at base of antenna, deli:ate and
single (Fig. 149B); anal segmentwith upper hair
of dorsaltuft only 2- or 3-branched,but nearly
as long as bwer singlehair (Fig. 149A). An
introducedspecies
that mayoccurdurin,
E summer
3O
(Fig. 147B). Occursduring spring in temporary
pools ............................
oop•nceri
Head hairs5 or 6, or both,doubleto quadruple;anal
segment
with 3 or moretufts anteriorto barred
area (Fig. 139A) .........................
20
20. Lateralcombconsisting
of 10 to 15 scalesin an irregu-
lar singleor doublerow (Fig. 139A). Occurs
from
springto fall in temporary
pools..........
vexans
Lateralcomb consistingof more than 20 scalesin a
triangularpatch...........................
2
,'
'•
•
I•B
FULVU$
134B
THIBAULTI
$OLLIC
133A
ITAN $
654
AURIFER
136A
TRI $ERIATU$
ß
138A
/'
,, 138B
'
CINEREU$
FIG.133-138.--Aedes
larvae:
,4, apexof abdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B,dorsum
of head,Details
ofpecten
andcomb
scales
areshown
in Fig. 138,4.
31
140A
EXCRUCIAN$
139B
159A
VEXAN$
142A
CANADEN$1$
141A
'
STIMULAN$
FIG.139-142.--Aedes
larvae:
A, apexof abdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B,dorsum
of head.Details
ofpecten
andcomb
scales
areshown
in Fig. 139A, 141A, and 142A.
32
144A
$TICTICU$
•
145A
TRIVITTATU$
146A
FITGHI
FIG.143-147.--Aede•
larvae:
A,apex
ofabdomen,
la:eral
aspect;
B.ventral
aspect,
showing
analhairtufts
anterior
tothebarred
area at baseof gills.
148A
1488
DUPREEI
149B
AEOYPTI
150B
FIG.148-150.--Aedes
larvae:A, apexof abdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B, dotsum
of head.Details
of pecten
andcombscales
areshown
in Fig. 149A. (Fig. 148 redrawnfrom Dyar 1928.)
34
151
PUNCTOR
152
MITCHELLAE
153
TRICHURUS
155
HENDERSONI
INFIRMATUS
' •.
FIG.
151-155•--Aedes
larvae:
lateral
aspect
ofabdomen.
(Fig.
151-154
redrawn
from
Carpenter
&LaCasse
1955;
Fig.
155
redrawn
from Breland1960.)
35
21. Ventraltuft situated
nearmiddleof air tube,asin Fig.
(Fig. 136) ..............................
24
141/I. Occursduringspringin grassytemporary 24. Head hair 5 with at least 5 branches and about the
pools .............................
flavescens
samesize as headhair 7 (Fig. 142B); the 2 head
Ventraltuft situatedtwo-thirds
distance
alongair tube,
hairs5 closertogetherthanthe 2 headhairs6 .... 25
Head hair 5 with 4 branchesor less;or the 2 head
as in Fig. 139/I. Occursduringspringin temporarypools,especially
thosewith fairlyhighalkalinity
hairs5 no closertogetherthan the 2 headhairs6
.................................
campestris
22. Anal gills long (Fig. 136/I), dorsalpair muchlonger
than ventral pair. Occursthroughoutthe year in
tree holes and shaded containers ......
triseriatus
Anal gillseitherasshortasin Fig. 135/1or all 4 gills
aboutthe samelength (Fig. 142/I) ...........
23
23. Acus,a, of air tube detachedfrom tube (Fig. 155).
Lives in tree holes .................
hendersoni
Acus,a, of air tube a connectedpart of the air tube
.........................................
26
25. Head hair 5 somedistance
posteriorto headhairs4
and6 (Fig. 142B); clypealhairsonlyasfar apart
as the length of 1 hair. Occursduring spring
chieflyin woodlandpools...........
canadensis
Head hair 5 onlyslightlyposteriorto headhairs4 and
6 (Fig. 134B); clypealhairsfartherapartthanthe
lengthof 1 hair. Occursduringspringin the hollow basesof tupelogumtrees..........
thibaulti
156
Heads of Anopheleslarvae. Hair numeralsused on this plate are thosecurrentlyemployedin the taxonomicliteratureon mosquitoes.
FIG. 156.--A. barberi. (After Ross& Roberts1943.)
FIG. 158.--A. punctipennis.(After Ross& Roberts1943.)
FIG. 157.--A. earlei (inner clypealhairsonly).
FIG. 159.--A. quadrimaculatus.(After Ross& Roberts1943.)
FIG. 160.--A. walkeri. (After Ross& Roberts1943.)
36
26. Air tube5 timesaslongas its widthat middleof
pecten,
tapering
markedly,
sothatthewidthof the
apexis abouthalf the widthof the base(Fig.
146A); its apicalspinelonganddark.Occurs
duringspringin marshes
...................
fitchi
lateral hairs of thorax and first 3 abdominalseg-
mentswith longleathering(Fig. 162) .........
2
2. Fourthandfifth abdominal
tergiteswith hairs0 and2
plumose
(Fig. 162) ..................
crucians
Fourth and fifth abdominaltergiteseither with hair
0 inconspicuous
or with hair 2 only singleor
Air tubeat most4 timesaslongasits widthat middle
double(Fig. 161) .........................
of pecten,
tapering
lessthanairtubein Fig.146A,so
3
that the width of the apex is aboutthree-quarters
the width of the base(Fig. 144A); its apicalspine
shortand inconspicuous
....................
27
27. Anal segment
having6 or moreventraltuftsanterior
to barredarea,thetuftsextending
to thebaseof the
scleroussaddle. Occursduring spring in grassy
temporarypools...................
flavescens
Analsegment
havingat most5 tuftsanteriorto barred
area,the tuftsextendingonly one-halfto two-thirds
the distanceto the base of the scleroussaddle,as
in Fig. 141A and 150A.....................
28
28. Anal gills budlike, much shorterthan the sclerous
saddle,as in Fig. 135//. Occursin summerin pools
containingindustrialwastes
............
dorsalis
Anal gills as long as the scleroussaddle,not budlike
(Fig. 144A) .............................
29
29. Ventral tuft of air tube only abouthalf as long as
tuft posteriorto lateral comb;sclerous
saddleof
analsegmentonlyslightlylongerthandeep,extending more than three-quarters
distancedown sides
of segment(Fig. 144A). Occursduringspringand
earlysummerin woodlandfloodplainpools.......
...................................
sticticus
Ventral tuft of air tube aboutaslong as tuft posterior
to lateral comb; scleroussaddleof anal segment
muchlongerthan deep,extendingonly one-halfto
two-thirdsdistancedown sidesof segment (Fig.
141A) ..................................
30
IV
I
FIG. 161 (left) .--Anopheles quadrimaculatus,
larva, portion of
dorsum. (After Ross& Roberts 1943.)
FIG. 162 (right).--Anopheles crucians,larva, portion of dor-
30. Lateralcombcontainingmore than 40 scales.Occurs sum. (After Ross& Roberts 1943.)
in springin sphagnumpools.........
communis
3. Head hair 3 denselyplumose,fan-shaped
from base,
Lateralcombcontaining40 scales
or less.........
31
with onlyan inconspicuous
basalstalk(Fig. 160);
31. Head hair 6 usuallydoubleor single,occasionally
headhair 2 sometimes
featheredat tip; prothoracic
triple; ventraltuft of air tube usuallywith 3 or 4
hair 1 sometimes branched .............
walkeri
hairs (Fig. 141//). Occursduringspringin woodHead hair 3 lessdenselyplumosethan that in Fig.
land poolsin the northernhalf of Illinois.......
..................................
stimulans
160, the fan-shaped
portionhavinga long basal
stalk (Fig. 159); headhair 2 neverfeatheredat
Head hair 6 usuallydoubleor triple (Fig. 150B),
tip; prothoracic
hair 1 rarelybranched
..........
4
occasionally
4-branched;ventral tuft of air tube
4. Hair ! of the secondandfollowingabdominalsegments
usuallywith 5 to 8 hairs (Fig. 150A). Occurs
havingeachbranchflattened,the whole hair apduring spring in woodlandpools in the southern
pearinglike a short,spread
fan (Fig. 161).......
fourth of Illinois ..................
grossbecki
............................
quadrimaculatus
Hair ! of secondabdominalsegmentwith eachbranch
Key to Speciesof ANOPHELES[LarvaeJ
nearlyhairlike,as in Fig. 162; fanlikehairsbeginThe larvae of the Illinois speciesof Anopheleslive
ning on third abdominalsegment
..............
5
amongemergentvegetationand flotagein permanentor
5. Basesof the 2 headhairs2 wide apart (Fig. 159) ....
semipermanent
pools,the edgesof lakes,and marshes,
ex............................
quadrimaculatus
cept for thoseof barberi,which live in tree holes.
Basesof the 2 headhairs2 close(Fig. 160) ....... 6
1. Head hairs5, 6, and 7 shortand simple (Fig. 156);
6. Headhair 2 alway••imple (Fig. 158).. punctipennis
lateral bodyhairswith only short leathering....
...................................
barberi
Head hairs5, 6, and 7 long and plumose(Fig. 158);
At least 1 of the 2 head hairs 2 usuallywith a con-
spicuous
branch(Fig. 157)..............
earlei
163A
RE$'rUAN$
1638
164A
1648
TERRITANS
185A
TARSALIS
FIG.163-165.--Culex
larvae:
A, apex
ofabdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B,dotsum
ofhead.InFig.165A,
ventral
tufts
areshown
forboth
sides
of air tube. In mostotherillustrations
of air tube,ventraltuftsof onlyonesideare shown.
38
Keyto Species
of CULEX(Larvae)
1. Antennal
tuftnearmiddle(Fig.163B)
.... restuans
Larvae
of these
species
liveall season
among
emergent
Antennal
tuftconsiderably
pastmiddle
(Fig.164B).2
plants
inpermanent
ponds
andpools,
orinfishponds,
bird- 2. Both
ofhead
hairs
5and6 long
andsingle
(Fig.164B),
baths,and other domesticcontainers.
or an occasionalhair double...........
territans
166B
167A
QU I NQU E FASCIATU
S
168A
SALINARIUS
?
168B
, IiII
FIG.166-168.--Culex
larvae:
A,apex
ofabdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B,dorsum
ofhead.
39
A
FIG.
169.--Culex
erraticus,
larva:
A,apex
ofabdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B,dotsum
ofhead.
Ventral
tufts
areshown
forboth
sides
of the air tube.
One or bothof headhairs5 and 6 eithermultiple
(Fig.166B),orveryshort(Fig.169B)......... 3
3. Headhair6 longandsingle,
headhair5 shortand
double
to multiple
(Fig.169B)...............
4
Headhair6 tripleto multiple,
similar
to headhair5,
bothhairslong(Fig.166B)..................
5
4. Lateralcombscales
arranged
in a loosecluster(Fig.
169.4);headhair5 with4 or morebranches
(Fig.
169B);bodyhaving
analmost
velvety
covering
of
minute
spicules
.....................
erraticus
Lateralcombscales
morenumerous
thanin Fig.169.4
andforming
a muchmorecrowded
cluster;
head
hair 5 doubleor triple;bodyhavingonly a sparse
coveringof spicules..................
peccator
at endof pecten,
somewhat
vasiform,
definitely
thickest
nearendof pecten;
with the penultimate
tuftdistinctly
more
dorsal
than,
andoutoflinewith,
theothers(Fig.166.4) .....................
7
7. Air tube4 to 5 timesaslongasitswidthat endof
pecten;
2 central
hairtuftswitha maximum
of 3
or 4 brances
each(Fig.166.4)...........
pipiens
Air tubelessthan4 timesaslongasitswidthat end
ofpecten;
2 central
hairtuftswith5 to10branches
each(Fig.167.4)
..............
quinquefasciatus
Specimens
intermediate
between
these
twoconditions
areprobably
hybrids.........................
..............
hybridpipiens
x quinquefasciatus
of CULlSETA
(Larvae)
5. Air tubeverylongandslender
(Fig.168.4),6 to 8 Key•'oSpecies
The
larvae
of
this
genus
occur
chiefly
duringspring
in
timesaslongasitswidthat endof pecten;
tufts
having
permanent
water;
occasionally
theybreed
scatteredand weak..................
salinarius marshes
holes
andpermanent
ponds
orpools.
Air tubeeithernot morethan 5 timesas longas its in stump
widthat endof pecten(Fig. 166.4),or withstrong
1. Air tubewith a row of about12 hair tuftsalongven-
tral margin(Fig.172A) .............
melanura
clustered
tufts(Fig.165.4)..................
6
Air tubewith onlya singleventralhairtuft on each
6. Air tubeusually
6 timesaslongasitswidthat end
at or nearbaseof tube (Fig. 171.4)........ 2
of pecten,
sinuate
butof almost
uniform
thickness 2. Airside
tube
shortandstout;pectenconsisting
of about
throughout;
withalltuftsnearventral
margin(Fig.
10
basal
sclerous
teeth
and,
beyond
these,
a series
! 65.4) ...............................
tarsalis
of
long
fine
single
hairs
(Fig.
170.4)
....
inornata
Air tubeusually
3.5 to 5 timesaslongasitswidth
40
170B
170A
INORNATA
l/?
171A
MORSITANS
''
•-
MELANURA
...
In
FIG.
170-172.--Culiseta
larvae:
A,
apex
ofabdomen,
B,dorsum
ofhead.
(Fig.
172
redrawn
from
Barr
1958.)
Fig.
172.4,
ventral
tufts
areshown
for
both
sides
oftheairlateral
tube.aspect;
41
175A
DISCOLOR
173B
/
.,
174B
174A
C
cI LIATA
•NIS
175B
,f
FIG.173-175.--Psorophora
larvae:
A,apex
ofabdomen,
lateral
aspect;
B,dotsum
ofhead.
42
Air tubelongandslender;
pectenconsisting
of only
a few sclerous
teethon basalporLionof tube (Fig.
171A)
...................................
3
and 8 usuallywith dorsalsclerotized
plates,the plate
of segment8 frequentlyextendingventradto the ventral marginof the comb(Fig. 127A); thesesclerotized
platesmay be entirelyabsent
.............
signifera
Head pale yellow to white, body white to straw color;
3. Head hair 5 usuallywith 7 or morebranches;
ventral
brushusuallywith 18 or fewer tufts; headhair 7
usuallywith 9 or more branches
..... minnesotae
segments
6, 7, and8 withoutsclerotized
plates...alba
Head hair 5 usuallywith 5 or fewer branches(Fig.
Key to Speciesof PSOROPHORA(Larvae)
17lB); ventralbrushusuallywith 20 or more tufts
Larvaeof all Illinoisspecies
of Psorophora
live in flood(Fig. 1717/); headhair 7 usuallywith 8 or fewer
branches(Fig. 17lB) ................
morsitans waters,almostinvariablyin poolswhich fill after a rain.
Key to Speciesof ORTHOPODOMYIA(Larvae
I
Larvaeof thesetwo species
live only in tree holes.
Head mediumto dark brown,bodypink; segments
6, 7,
HE/•
PEGTEN
COMB
;'
TOOTH
AIR TUBE
AIR TUBE
GOMB SGALE
GOMB
GOMB
ANAL
SEGMENT
ANAL
SEGMENT
FiG.176.--Psorophora
horrida,larvalparts.(AfterRoth1945.)
FIG.177.--Psorophora
longipalpis,
larvalFarts.(AfterRoth1945.)
43
1. Antennashort,slender,and without definitetufts (Fig.
175B); largepredacious
larvae................
2
Antenna long, stout, and with definite tufts (Fig.
174B); smallto fairly largelarvaewhichfeed on
microorganisms............................
3
2. Lateral hair of anal segmentwith 2 to 4 branches,
separating
at baseof hair (Fig. 175A)..... ciliata
Lateralhairof analsegment
single,or forkedsomedistance from base .....................
howardi
6. Eggin rot holesin trees........................
..........
Toxorhynchites
rutilusseptentrionalis
Egg on soil subjectto flooding........
Psorophora
7. Egg in cavitiesof leavesof pitcherplant (Sarracenia)
...........................
Wyeomyiasmithi
Egg elsewhere...............................
8
8. Egg with pair of longitudinalmembranous
flanges
(Fig. 183). Foundin rot holesin trees...........
..............
Orthopodomyia
signiferaor alba
3. Antennalargeand swollen(Fig. 173B), air tubesmall
(Fig. 173A); larvaegreenish
whenalive... discolor
Antennanot swollen(Fig. 174B), but air tube large
andswollen(Fig. 174B); larvaenot greenishwhen
alive
....................................
4
4. Headhairs5 and6 multiple(Fig. 174B)... confinnis
Head hair 5 singleor double,head hair 6 singleto
triple (Fig. 176) ..........................
5
5. Head hairs5 and 6 single..............
cyanescens
Head hairs5 and6 doubleor triple (Fig. 176) ..... 6
6. Air tube about2 timesas long asgreatestdepth.....
....................................
varipes
Air tube2.5 or moretimesas long as greatestdepth
(Fig. 176) ...............................
7
7. Head hairs5 and6 only slightlylongerthanheadhair
7 (Fig. 176) .........................
horrida
Head hairs5 and 6 nearlytwice as long as headhair
7 (Fig. 177) ..............................
8
8. Head hairs 5 and 6 eachhavingbranches
of nearly
equal length ..........................
ferox
Head hairs5 and6 eachhavingbranches
of markedly
differentlengths(Fig. 177) .........
longipalpi•
KEYS TO CULICIDAE
179
180
181
EGGS
Eggsof mosquitoes
may be recognizable
to genusby
their grouping,color,size,shape,and surfacemarkings.
To date,diagnosticcharacters
to identify eggsto species
are availableonly for the generaAedesand Psorophora.
Eggsto be identifiedshouldbe submerged
in water and
viewedat magnifications
of 75 to 100diameters
in reflected
white light abovea dull blackbackground.
Key fo Generaof CULICIDAE {Eggs}
1. Eggsgluedtogether
in the formof floatingrafts (Fig.
178) .....................................
2
Eggsfoundsingly............................
5
2. Surfaceof eggwith manysmallraisednodules(Fig.
! 79) ....................
Mansoniaperturbans
Surfaceof eggwithoutnodules.................
3
3. Egg with frothycap on posteriorend (small end)
(Fig. 180) .............
Uranotaeniasapphirina
Eggwithoutfrothycapon posterior
end..........
4
4. Eggbluntlyrounded
at anteriorend (Fig. 181) .....
....................................
Culiseta
Eggcup-shaped
at anteriorend (Fig. 182) .... Culex
5. Egg stronglybiconvexin dorsoventral
profile;ratio
of diameterto length not greaterthan 1:2 (Fig.
185) ....................................
6
Egg slender;ratio of diameterto lengthgreaterthan
1:2 (Fig. 187) ............................
44
7
182
183
184A
IB4B
FIG. 178.--Eggraft of Culexsubgenus
Culex. (Redrawnfrom
Mitchell 1907.)
FIG. 179.--Egg of Mansonia.(Redrawnfrom Mitchell 1907.)
FIG.180.--Egg of Uranotaenia.(Redrawnfrom Dvar 1901.)
FIG.181.--Egg of Culiseta.(Redrawnfrom Mitchell 1907.)
FIG. 182.--Egg of Culex. (From Marshall1938.)
FIG. 183.--Egg of Orthopodomyia.(From Marshall1938.)
FIG. 184.--Egg of Anopheles:A, lateral aspect;B, dorsalaspect. (From Hurlbut 1938.)
Egg withoutsuchlongitudinalflanges
............
9
9. Egg with lateral"floats"(Fig. 184). Foundlying on
watersurfaceof groundpoolsand rot holes......
..................................
An •pheles
Egg without lateral floats.....................
10
5. Egg small(0.6-0.7 mm); colorshinyblack;shellat
widepartof eggwith cellsof reticulation
appearing
as fine transversewrinkles (Fig. 192, 211). In
woodlanddepressions
in shadeof low canopy
.....
....................................
dupreei
Egg larger;colorvariable;shellat wide part of egg
with cellsof reticulationnot appearingastransverse
wrinkles
.................................
6
6. Eggin the form of a longconewidestat anteriorend
(Fig. 193); colorshinyblack;reticulations
in anterior areaof shellstronglyraised(Fig. 212). In
woodlanddepressions
undershadeof low canopy...
....................................
cinereus
Egg not conelike;colorvariable;reticulations
of shell
absent or not as above ......................
185
186
7
7. Eggshe'lhaving cells of reticulationfaint except in
anteriorarea;eachcell not angularbut with a lateral
budlikeexpansion
on eachside (Fig. 214) ...... 8
Eggshellhavingcellsof reticulationangularandwithout visiblelateralbudlikeexpansions
..........
11
8. Eggshellhavinglateralbudsseparated
from cell and
situatedoppositeeach other near center of cell;
187
mostconspicuous
on anteriorthird of shell'(Fig.
Eggs of mosquitoes. (Ventral side is to the right.)
194, 213).
FIG. 185.--Psorol•horasubgenusPsorot)hora.
flooded
FIG. 186.--Aedes
vexans.
FIG. 187.--Aedes communis.
10. Dorsalprofile (Fig. 186, 188-207) lessarchedthan
ventral profile; eggshellwithout spicules. Found
•. in domestic
containers
and on soil........ Aed_=s
?Dorsalprofile (Fig. 224-231) more stronglyarched
than ventral profile; eggshellwith spiral rows of
.. stubbyanteriorlydirectedspicules.On soil subject
In woodlanddepressions
frequently
...........................
trivittatus
Eggshellhavinglateralbudsnot separated
from cell
andnot opposite
eachother(Fig. 214) .........
9
9. Eggshell having cells of reticulation little longer
thanwide (Fig. 195, 214). In depressions
heavily
pollutedby industrial
wastescontaining
sulfur.....
..................................
sollicitans
Eggshellnearanteriorend havingcellsof reticulation
two or moretimesaslong aswide............
10
• to transientflooding
...............
Psorophora 1.0. Eggshellhavinglateralbudsof reticulationirregularly
placedalongmarginnearcenterof eachcell;shape
as in Fig. i96 ......................
mitchellae
Key-;fo
Species
of AEDES
(Ecjcjs)
This keyincludes
onlyspecies
recorded
fromIllinois;of
Eggshellhavinglateralbudsof reticulationalongmarthese,eggsare not availablefor abserratus
and fulvus
gin neareachend of cell.........
nigromaculis
pallens,which are thereforenot keyed.
11. Reticulationpebbly(Fig. 215) .................
12
1. Reticulationof eggshellat wide part of egg differing
Reticulationlattice-like(Fig. 216) .............
13
12. Egg slender(Fig. 197)................
excrucians
dorsally
andventrally.......................
2
Reticulationof eggshellat wide part of egg alilce
Egg wider (Fig. 198)...................
punctor
dorsallyandventrally.......................
3
13. Eggshellhavingmarginsof cellsof reticulationknife2. Cellsof ventralreticulation
at wide part of eggelonlike; surfaceof eachcell smooth,or crinklesonly
gated transversely
(Fig. 188, 208). In domestic
atsides
(Fig.216)........................ 'i-•--14
containers
of woodor paper............
aegypti
Eggshellhaving marginsof cells of reticulado..n
* flat-
•lis ofventral
reticulation
atwidepartof eggnot
.
;elongatedtransversely
(Fig. 189, 209).
:•holes in trees ......................
•
In rot
triseriatus
hendersoni
3. D9rsal
profile
ofeggconspicuously
bentnearmidpoint
'•(:Fig.190) ..............................
19
Dorsalprofileof eggfusiformor sausage-shaped
(Fig.
191)
....................................
4
4. Colorshinybronze;reticulation
of shellhavingap-
tened;
surface
of eachcellmarked
bysubcel!g•..--(Fig.
2]8) ................................
•:•..16
14. Eggshellhavingre•iculations
in low relief; surfleeof
cells flat (Fig. 199, 216) .............
stimulans
Eggshellhavingreticulations
in high relief........
15
15. Length
of egg0.6-0.8mm (Fig.200,217). ln:':•uck
soilundercanopy
of lowvegetation
suchascitetails
......................................
fitchi
Lengthof egg 0.8-1.0 mm (Fig. 201). In firm soil
pearance
of longitudinal
lines (Fig. 191, 210). In
in woodlands.....................
grossbecki
depressions
subject
to prolonged
or frequent
flooding 16. Eggshellhavingsubcells
of reticulation
with angular
.....................................
Colorusuallyblackor gray.....................
vexans
5
margins (Fig. 218). From marginsof woodland
depressions
..............................
17
45'
on soil overlaidwith fly ash or calcinedmineral
Eggshellhaving subcellsof reticulaticncircular or
waste ...............................
d•rsalis
nearly so ................................
18
Shapeand reticulationsas in Fig. 205, 221. From
17. Colorof eggshelldull bronze;shapeand reticulations
as in Fig. 202, 218 .................
canadensis
insidetupelogum or cypress
butts..... thibaulti
Colorof eggshell
dull black;shapeandreticulations
as 19. Egg long and narrow (Fig. 190). In woodlanddein Fig. 203, 219.......................
aurifer
pressions,
underlow canopy
..........
atlanticus
tormentor
18. Shapeand reticulations
as in Fig. 204, 220. From
day pitsandsimilargroundpoolsin industrialareas
Egg short,plump ...........................
20
188
AEGYPTI
195
SOLLICITANS
202
6ANADENSlS
189
190
TRISERIATUS
196
191
ATLANTICUS
197
MITOHELLAE
20;5
AURIFER
192.
VEXANS
DUPREE!
198
EX6RUOIANS
DORSALIS
200
STIMULANS
205
THIBAULTI
194
CINEREUS
199
PUNCTOR
204
193
TRIVlTTATUS
201
FITCHI
206
STIOTICUS
6ROSSBEOKI
207
FLAVESOENS
FIG. 188-207. Eggsof Aedes. (Ventral side is to the right.) Eggsto be identifiedshouldbe submergedin water and viewed at
magnifications
of 75 to 100 diametersin reflectedwhite light againsta dull black background.
I
46
20. Venterof eggbentonlyslightlynearmidpoint;shape Key to Speciesof PSOROPHORA(Eggs)
1. Dorsoventral
profileof eggstronglybiconvex,ratio of
and redculations
as in Fig. 206, 222. From flooddiameterto lengthlessthan 1:2 (Fig. 224) ...... 2
plainsandwoodlanddepressions
........ sticticus
Dorsal profile of egg only stronglyconvex;ratio of
Venterof eggbent sharplynearmidpoint;shapeand
diameterto lengthmorethan 1:2 (Fig. 225) ..... 3
reticulationsas in Fig. 207, 223. From savanna
depressions........................
flavescens 2. Eggshellhavingdiscof eachcell of reticulationwith
208
'
212
2_.09
21;3
216
220
,•.
221
.*
2..10
214
215
218
219
222
. 22:;5
Fit;. 208-223.wHighlymalgnified
portionsof eggshells
of Aedes:208, aegypti;209, triseriatus;
210, vexans;211, dupreei;212,
cinereus;
213,trivittatus;
214,sollicitans;
215,excrucians;
216,stimulans;
217, fitchi;218, canadensis;
219, aurifer;220, dorsalis;
221,
thibaulti;222, sticticus;223, #avescens.
47
228
251
25O
229
CYANESCENS
CONFINNIS
HOWARDI
DISCOLOR
CILIATA
227
226
225
224
FEROX
VARIPES
HORRIDA
FIG.224-231.'--Eggs
of Psovopho•'a.
(Ventralsideistotheright.)
distinct
circular
spotcovering
posterior
third;shape
6. Egg(Fig.229) having
shellwithreticulations
pro-
nounced
on anteriorone-fifth. In woodland
deof eggasin Fig.224. In savanna
andwoodland
pressions
..............................
ferox
depressions
...........................
ciliata
Egg(Fig.230,231)having
shellwithreticulations
Eggshell
having
discof each
cellof reticulation
with
notpronounced
onanterior
one-fifth.
In woodland
spot
onposterior
thirdnotcircular;
shape
ofeggas
depressions
..........................
varipes
in Fig.226. In woodland
depressions...howardi
horrida
3. Eggshell
without
distinct
reticulations
butstudded
with
distinct
elongate
spots;
eggelongate
(Fig. 225).
AND DISEASE
In savanna
depressions
................
discolor MOSQUITOES
In additionto their role as biters,certainmosquitoes
Eggshell
withdistinct
reticulations,
especially
noticehavebeenindicted
ascarriers
of pathogens
thatproduce
ableat ends...............................
4
diseases
in
other
organisms.
Below
is
a
list
of
mosquitoes
4. Eggshell
having
margins
of cells
of reticulation
formaspotential
or possible
vectors
ingsharp
ridges
withbranches
radiating
ontodiscs thathavebeenincriminated
of
disease-producing
organisms
affecting
man
and
d•mestic
of cells;eggbanana-shaped
(Fig. 227). In savanna
depressions
...................
confinnisanimals in Illinois.
Thesemosquitoes
differwidelyin effectiveness
asvecEggshell
havingmargins
of cellsof reticulation
not
tors.
Anopheles
quadrimaculatus
is
known
to
be
an
effecsharply
ridged,
thereticulations
sometimes
indistinct tive fieldvectorof malaria. For manyotherspecies
only
in midsection
of egg........................
5
transmission
of pathogens
hasbeendemon5. Eggshell
having
margins
of cells
of reticulation
clearly laboratory
andfor others
the association
withdisease
has
visibleover"all of intactegg,whichis flattened strated,
been
limited
.to
the
finding
of
pathogens
in
the
bodies
of
dorsally
('Big.228). In hoofprintsandin shade
of lowcanopy
of woodland
pastures...
cyanescensspecimens.
Omittedfrom the list is Aedesaegypti,a known.vector
Eggshell
having
margins
of cellsof reticulation
more
distincton anteriorthird than on midsectionof
intactegg................................
'48
6
of yellow
fever;
neither
themosquito
northedisease
is
naturalized in Illinois.
Potentialmosquitovectors(indicatedby X) of agentspathogenicto man anddomesticanimalsin Illinois.
PathogensAffecting
Pathogens Affecting Man
Domestic
Animals
Virus
Species
Viral Encephalitides
St. Louis
Culex p•piens
quinque]asciatus
Eastern
XX/estern
Equine
PlasmodiumFrancisella Infectious
(Malaria)
(Tularemia)
Anemia
Fowl
Rabbit
Pox
Myxoma
X
X?
X
salinarius
tarsalis
territans
X
sp.?
Culisetasp.
X
me/anura
inornata
Anophe/essp.
œrgtc]all$
quadrimaculatus
punctipennis
Psorophora /erox
Aedessp.
vexaris
sticticus
triseriatus
nigromacMis
mitchellae
Mansonia perturbans
AC, KNOWLED•oMENTS
We are indebtedto many personsin the mosquito
abatementdistrictsof Illinois and to Mr. Harvey Domi-
HAYES,JACK.1965. A firstreportof Aedesinfirmatus
Dyar and
Knabin Illinois. Ili. StateAcad.Sci.Trans.58(2). In press.
HEDEEN, R. A.
1964.
The occurrence of Aedes hendersoni
Cockerellin northernIllinois. MosquitoNews 23:349-350,
nic of the Illinois StateDepartmentof Health for mak- HORSFALL,WILLIAM R. 1955. Mosquitoes,their bionomicsand
ing availableto us large numbersof Illinois recordsof
relationto disease.RonaldPressCo., New York. 723 p.
Ross,HERBERT
H. 1947. The mosquitoes
of Illinois (Diptera,
mosquitoes. We wish to expressour appreciationto
Culicidae). Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bul. 24(1):1-96.
Mrs. Alice Ann Prickerr for a great deal of assistance STOJANOVICH,
C. J. 1960. Illustrated key to common mosin addingnew illustrationsandmuchwork in assembling
quitoesof southeastern
United States. Publishedby the authe platesand to reiterateour gratitudeto Dr. Kathryn
thor,Atlanta,Georgia. 36 p.
1961. Illustratedkey to commonmosquitoes
of northM. Sommerman
for the large numberof original draweasternNorth America. Publishedby the author, Atlanta,
ings, reproducedhere, that she made for the earlier
Georgia. 49 p.
Illinois report. We acknowledge
with thanksthe useof
variousillustrationsused with the permissionof the LITERATURE
CITED
IN THE ILLUSTRATIONS
originalauthors,asindicatedunderspecificillustrations. BARR,A. RALPH. 1958. The mosquitoes
of Minnesota(Diptera:
Finally we are indebted to Mrs. BessWhite and Mrs.
BerniceSweeneyof the Illinois Natural History Survey
for muchlaborin typingand checkingthe manuscript,
and to SurveyTechnicalEditor JamesS. Ayarsand his
stafffor the manyeditorialchoresthey performed.
Culicidae:Culicinae). Minn. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta.Tech. Bul.
228. 154 p.
BRELAND•OSMONDP.
1960. Restorationof the name, Aedes
hendersoniCockerell,and its elevationto full specificrank
(Diptera: Culicidae). Entomol. Soc.Amer. Ann. 53:600-606.
CARPENTER,
STANLEYJ., AND WALTER J. LACASSE.1955. Mosquitoesof North America (north of Mexico). University of
CaliforniaPress,Berkeleyand LosAngeles.360 p. + 127 pl.
SELECTED
REFERENCES
Descriptionsof the various life history stagesand the habits
of Illinois mosquitoes,and also information concerningclosely
related speciesoccurringin adjacentareas,may be found in the
followingpublications.
BARR,A. RALPH. 1958. The mosquitoesof Minnesota (Diptera:
Culicidae: Culicinae). Minn. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. TechßBul.
228ß 154 p.
CARPENTER,STANLEYJ., AND WALTER J. LACASSE. 1955. Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico)ß University of
CaliforniaPress,Berkeleyand Los Angeles.360 p. + 127 pl.
DYAR, HARRISONG. 1901. The life-history of Uranotaenia sap-
phirinaO. S. N.Y. Entomol.Soc.Jour.9(4): 179-182. 1 pl.
ß 1928. The mosquitoes
of the Americas. CarnegieInst.
Wash. Pub. 387. 616 p., 123 pl.
HURLBUT• HERBERT S.
1938.
Further notes on the overwinter-
ing of the eggsof Anophe/eswalkeri Theobaldwith a description of the eggs. Jour. Parasitol. 24(6) :521-526.
KING, W. V., G. H. BRADLEY, AND T. E. MCNEEL.
1939. The
mosquitoesof the southeastern
states. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc.
Pub. 336. 90 p.
MARSHALL,J.F.
1938. The British mosquitoes. British Museum (Natural History), Londonß 341 p., 20 pl.
49
MATHESON,ROBERT. 1944. Handbook of the mosquitoesof
North America. ComstockPublishing Co., Inc., Ithaca, New
York. 314 p., 33 pl.
MITCHELL, EVELYN GROESBEECK. 1907. Mosquito life. G. P.
Putnam'sSons,New York. xxii 4- 281 p.
PRATT, HARRY D., ANt) RALPH C. BARNES. 1939. Identification
of some common female mosquitoes of the United States.
U.S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare, CommunicableDiseaseCenter, Atlanta, Georgia. 40 p.
ROSS, EDWARD S., AND H. RADCLYFFE ROBERTS. 1943.
Mos-
quito atlas,Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles,importantmalaria
vectorsof the Americas,and Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus. American EntomologicalSocietyand Academyof Natural Sciences,Philadelphia. iv 4- 44 p.
ROTH, LOUIS M. 1945. The male and larva of Psorophora
(Janthinosoma)horrida (Dyar and Knab) and a new species
of Psorophorafrom the United States (Diptera: Culicidae).
Entomol. Soc.Wash. Proc. 47 ( 1 ) :1-23.
INDEX
Onlythe specific
namesin thispublication
are indexed.Pagereferences
in italictypeindicateillustrations.
abserratus,
Aedes,5, 12, 20, 22, 30, 33, 45
aegypti,
Aedes,
3, 5, 9, 9, 11, 16, 17, 30,34, 45, 46, 47, 48
alba,Orthopodomyia,
5, 14,24, 43, 44
atlanticus,Aedes,5, 10, I1, 18, 21, 30, 46, 46
melanura,Culisera,5, 14, 24, 24, 40, 41, 49
minnesotae,
Culiseta,5, 14, 24, 24, 43
mitchellae,Aeries,5, 9, 9, 17, 21, 30, 35, 45, 46, 49
morsitans,Culiseta,5, 14, 24, 24, 41, 43
atropalpus,
Aedes,5, 8, 9, 21, 30
aurifer,Aedes,5, 11, 18, 21, 30,31, 46, 46, 47
nigromaculis,
Aedes,5, 9, 21, 30, 45, 49
barberi,Anopheles,
5, 12,22, 22, 36, 37
peccator,
Culex,5, 14,23, 24, 40
perturbans,
Mansonia,
5, 6, 8, 16, 16,27, 28, 29, 44, 49
pipiens,Culex,5, 13,13,23, 24,39,40,49
punctipennis,
Anopheles,
5, 12,13, 22, 36, 37,49
punctipennis,
Chaoborus,
5
punctor,
Aedes,
5, 12,20, 22, 30,35,45,46
campestris,
Aedes,5, 8, 18, 22, 36
canadensis,
Aedes,5, 7, 8, 17, 21, 32, 36, 46, 46, 47
ciliata,Psorophora,
5, 7, 14,25,25, 42,44, 48,48
cinctipes,Mochlonyx,5
cinereus,
Aedes,5, 12, 16, 17, 30, 31, 45, 46, 47
communis,
Aeries,5, I1, 12, 20, 22, 37, 45
quadrimaculatus,
Anopheles,
5, 7, I3, 13, 15, 22, 22, 36, 37,
37, 48, 49
confinnis,
Psorophora,
5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 25, 26, 42, 44, 48, 48
crucians,
Anopheles,
5, 12, 13, 22, 37, 37, 49
cyanescens,
Psorophora,
5, 14,25,26, 44, 48,48
quinquefasciatus,
Culex,5, 13, 13, 23, 24, 39, 40, 49
discolor,
Psorophora,
5, 14,25, 26, 42, 44, 48,48
rutilusseptentrionalis,
Toxorhynchites,
5, 6, 7, I5, 15, I6,
restuans,
Culex,5, 13, 13, 23, 24, 38, 39, 49
dorsalis,
Aedes,5, 8, 9, 11, 18, 21, 46, 46, 47
28, 29, 44
dupreei,
Aedes,5, 10, 11, 19, 21, 30,34, 45, 46, 47
salinarius,
Culex,5, 13, 23, 24, 39, 40, 49
earlei,Anopheles,
5, 12,22, 36, 37
erraticus,
Culex,5, 13, 14, 22, 23, 40, 40
excrucians,
Aeries,5, 9, 9, 10, 20, 21, 30, 32, 45, 46, 47
ferox,Psorophora,
5, 14,25,44, 48,48, 49
fitchi,Aedes,5, 9, 10, I1, 20, 22, 33, 37, 45, 46, 47
flavescens,
Aedes,5, 9, 19, 21, 36, 37, 46, 47, 47
fulvus, Aedes, 31
fulvuspallens,
Aedes,5, 10,18,21, 29,45
grossbecki,
Aedes,5, 9, 9, 10, 11,20, 21, 34, 37, 45, 46
hendersoni,Aedes, 5, 10, 11, 12, 21, 35, 36, 45
horrida,Psorophora,
5, 14,25,26, 43,44, 48, 48
howardi,Psorophora,
5, 14,24, 25, 44, 48, 48
sapphirina,
Uranotaenia,
5, 7, 15,16,29, 29,44
signifera,
Orthopodomyia,
5, 7, 14,16, 24, 28, 43, 44
smithi,Wyeomyia,5, 7, 15, I6, 27,28,44
sollicitans,
Aedes,5, 7, 9, 9, 17, 21, 29, 3 I, 45, 46, 47
spenceri,
Aedes,5, 10,11,19,21, 30,33
sticticus,
Aedes,5, 9, 11, 12, 19, 21, 33, 37, 46, 47, 47,
49
stimulans,
Aedes,5, 8, 10, 10, 19, 21, 32, 37,45, 46, 47
tarsalis,
Culex,5, 6,13, 13, 23, 24, 38, 40, 49
territans,Culex,5, 13,23, 24, 38, 39, 49
thibaulti,Aedes,5, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17,31, 36, 46, 46, 47
tormentor,Aedes,5, 10, 21, 29, 46
trichurus,Aeries,5, 12, 20, 21, 30, 35
triseriatus,
Aedes,5, 9, 11, 12, 17, 21, 31, 36, 45, 46, 47,
49
impatiens,
Culiseta,
24
trivittatus,Aedes,5, 11, 12, 19, 21, 30, 33, 45, 46, 47
infirmatus,Aedes,5, 10, 11, 19, 21, 30, 35
inornata,Culiseta,5, 8, 14, 24, 24, 40, 41, 49
intrudens,Aeries,18
varipes,
Psorophora,
5, 7, 14,24,26,44,48,48
longipalpis,
Psorophora,
5, 14,25,26, 43,44
walkeri,Anopheles,
5, 12,I3, 22,36, 37
50
vexans,
Aedes,5, 7, 9, 9, 16, 17, 30, 32, 45, 45, 46, 47, 49