container glass
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container glass
SUMMER 2012 9 Churchill Way, Sheffield, S35 2PY | Tel +44 (0) 114 290 1807 | Fax +44 (0) 114 290 1851 | Email [email protected] CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACTS Section “PP” is a collection of “Primary Papers”, first published many years ago, but obviously still in demand. Copies can be ordered in the usual way. A list of conferences and exhibitions has also been added. C D E F G GC GF N PP R S Container Glass Domestic Enamels Flat Glass Glass Manufacture General Glass Ceramics Glass Fibre News Items Primary Papers Refractories Special Glass Members of British Glass Manufacturers' Confederation may order copies of any of the articles free of charge (subject to usual copyright rules). For further information please contact: Theresa Green Information Officer British Glass Manufacturers' Confederation Tel: 0114 290 1807 Fax: 0114 290 1851 Email: [email protected] CONTENTS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACTS ......................................................................... 2 CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 2 CONTAINER GLASS ................................................................................................ 3 DOMESTIC ............................................................................................................. 24 ENAMEL ................................................................................................................. 26 FLAT GLASS .......................................................................................................... 26 GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 36 GLASS CERAMICS ................................................................................................ 46 GLASS FIBRE......................................................................................................... 49 NEWS IN GENERAL ............................................................................................... 50 PACKAGING ........................................................................................................... 63 PRIMARY PAPERS ................................................................................................ 72 REFRACTORIES .................................................................................................... 83 SPECIAL GLASS .................................................................................................... 85 PATENTS ............................................................................................................. 103 CONFERENCES, EXHIBITIONS, AND TRAINING ............................................... 112 ISSN: 0962 032X Page 2 of 116 CONTAINER GLASS C – CONTAINER GLASS C 4655 MELTING BEHAVIOUR OF RECYCLED CULLET: IMPURITY DISSOLUTION, PULVERISATION AND SOLUTION PRE-TREATMENT A GLUSING & R CONRADT http://kdsolution.com/pdf_upload/Glusi ng-SB4.pdf The reuse of recycled cullet in the production of new glass containers lies above 60%. The cullet ratio depends on the glass colour, the level of impurities, and on availability. As a side effect of cullet waste management, the occurrence o f metallic and ceramic impurities cannot be avoided. Quality criteria for recycled cullet must comprise these impurities as potential sources of quality defects in the product. The potential of ceramics to generate glass defects contributes to a large extent to economic and technological restrictions for the overall amount of recycled cullet. The impurities in recycled cullet are distinguished by their potential to impair glass quality. In recycling cullet, emphasis must be laid on safe separation of the most critical species. It is the objective of this work to generate a basis which allows to identify the most critical ESP species, and to assess their effect on glass quality. C 4656 GLASS TARGET SPLIT "UNLIKELY TO BOOST RECYCLING" ENDS REPORT 18 APRIL 2012 Government plans to encourage more glass to be recycled into new bottles are unlikely to be effective, according to the glass industry trade body. British Glass says more councils need to start collecting glass by colour or separately from other recyclables if there is going to be a move away from using glass to make aggregates. The UK collects a very high proportion of the 1.6M/tonnes of waste glass produced annually. About 93% of waste glass produced by businesses, such as pubs and clubs, is recycled, according to a 2010 survey for the environment department. Four fifths of councils provide kerbside glass collections to households. Despite that coverage, there has been a decline in the proportion of glass recycled through remelt to manufacture new products. According to British Glass, 81% of glass recycled in 2005 was remelted, but in 2010 that had fallen to 64%. The decline is because glass is being used to make aggregate instead, which has fewer environmental benefits. Remelt saves about 0.3 tonnes of carbon per tonne of glass recycled; aggregate saves none. In December, DEFRA put forward measures to halt the decline in remelt. Its new packaging recycling targets up to 2017 include separate glass remelt and aggregate targets. The change was confirmed in this year s Budget. The split should freeze the amount of glass that can go to aggregates at about 650,000/t, DEFRA says. British Glass supports the split, but feels it will have little effect because DEFRA has not proposed a significant increase in the overall glass recycling target. This means that the cost of packaging recovery notes (PRNs) the evidence firms need to supply to show they have recycled glass may remain low and there will be no money to finance the infrastructure needed to boost remelt. The body says the increasing council preference for commingled collections produces poorer quality recyclate, which usually goes to aggregate. Only significant investment in materials recycling facilities that can separate remelt-quality glass from commingled waste will overcome that problem. DEFRA is proposing two PRN types for remelt and aggregate, Page 3 of 116 but there is no guarantee that remelt PRNs will be higher value. C 4657 IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF GLASS CONTAINER PRODUCTION WITH PLUNGER PROCESS CONTROL M KOVACEC ET AL CIRP J MAN SCI & TECHNOL 3 4 2010 304 310 The production of glass containers is a very complex and demanding procedure which has to be very well equipped and optimally adjusted in order to produce glass containers that satisfy even the most demanding customers, at the same time being competitive on the market. Glass containers have to be maximally light, as well as less expensive, and at the same time they have to withstand maximal mechanical loads, greater internal pressure, thermal shocks (pasteurization), etc. For the glass containers to be able to meet these requirements, apart from a well designed container it is necessary to achieve also excellent glass distribution (uniform thickness of glass container wall), which can be achieved by the production procedure of NNPB (narrow neck press and blow process). The paper shows how the control system of the pressing procedure on glass machines achieves greater stability of glass gob masses, contributing also to improved quality of glass containers and increased production line productivity. A comparison has been made, namely, of the production lines that are equipped with the system for controlling the pressing procedure WISEPPC (wireless sensor plunger position control) and those that are not. C 4658 OPTIMAL PRICING AND PRODUCTION DECISIONS IN UTILIZING REUSABLE CONTAINERS B ATAMER ET AL MIDDLE EAST TECH UNIVERSITY, TURKEY INT J PRODUCTION ECONOMICS AUGUST 2011 Available online 23 August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.08 .007 In this study, we focus on pricing and production decisions in utilizing reusable containers with stochastic customer demand. We consider a manufacturer that sells a single product to the customers in reusable containers with two supply options: (i) brand-new containers (ii) returned containers from customers. The return quantity depends on both customer demand and the acquisition fee determined by the manufacturer. The unit cost of production using brandnew containers is different than the unit cost of reusing returned containers. The customers are indifferent between brand-new and recovered products. We also consider resource restrictions on the production operations. In this setting, we investigate the optimal pricing and production decisions in order to maximize the manufacturer's profit. We characterize the optimal acquisition fee and the optimal order quantity of brand-new containers analytically and investigate the effect of parameters through an extensive computational study. C 4658 ARDAGH GROUP EXPANDS GLASS DIVISION BY 10% WITH CONTAINER PLANT ACQUISITION GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 3 Ardagh Group has confirmed its acquisition of US-based Leone Industries from the Leone family, Page 4 of 116 which will increase its glass division by around 10%. Leone Industries, founded in 1966, is a manufacturer of glass containers serving the US food and beverage markets. It produces more than 500M/containers per year from its high-tech facility in Bridgeton, New Jersey. C 4659 FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD PACKAGING DESIGN K GRONMAN ET AL PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE MAY 2011 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10 02/pts.1971/full The environmental impacts of packages have been found to be relatively small compared with the food items they contain. Furthermore, from the environmental and operational point of view, the most significant task of the package is to protect the product, which is important to acknowledge in the packaging design process. This study introduces a guiding framework for designing sustainable food packaging. In this approach, the entire life cycle of the product package combination is taken into consideration. The emphasis is on the prevention of food losses in packaging design as a major environmental criterion. Consideration of the properties of both the package and the product itself when designing the final package will lead to a better end result with smaller product losses and environmental impacts. By using different assessment methods in the different stages of the packaging design, the sustainability of the package can be enhanced. The decision making of the packaging designer is facilitated with methods that are introduced step by step and in a certain order that will also allow for corrective measures through backloops in the design process. The purpose is to integrate sustainability aspects at all stages firmly into the design process. C 4660 ALLIED GLASS ANNOUNCES £3M GLASS COLOURING INVESTMENT GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 4 Allied Glass Containers has announced a planned investment of £3M in enhancing the glass colouring capability at its Knottingley plant in the first six months of 2012. The project will involve the modernisation and expansion of the colour control system, the installation of a larger forehearth to increase production capacity to 80/tpd, and the fitting of an Emhart Glass 8-section 5½" double gob IS machine, to add flexibility to the company's coloured glass portfolio. According to Allied, the accompanying inspection line will be fully automatic, to ensure the smooth flow of containers from the lehr end to the automatic packaging area. A palletiser capable of auto-packing difficult shapes completes the line. Richard Summers, Allied's Operations Director said: "With this substantial investment in our forehearth colouring capability, we are making a bold commitment to growth and confirmed our commitment to supplying beautiful coloured glass bottles to the premium spirits market." C 4661 O-I: "ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT" ON LATEST RECYCLING FIGURES GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 7 O-I believes the latest figures from the EU container glass federation FEVE show there is still "huge untapped potential" to improve the environment by recycling more glass across the continent. According to the latest glass recycling estimates published by FEVE, the average glass recycling rate in the EU remains stable at 68%. The figures indicate that around 25BN glass bottles and jars were collected throughout the EU in 2010. Of these, 80% were re-melted to make new glass containers in the "closed loop" Page 5 of 116 process, FEVE estimates. Marketing Director for O-I Europe said: "We are working with a host of stake holders to increase the recycling of glass containers in all the countries in which we operate. We have ambitious targets to increase the amount we use in our production." While it believes tht the 68% rate represents a strong performance across the EU as a whole, O-I maintains that the task is far from complete. In the UK, where the glass recycling rate of 61% falls slightly behind the curve, the company is working with local authorities to increase volumes collected and to maximise closed loop recycling of glass into new bottles and jars. "We want to encourage people to keep on recycling and to consider whether any of their glass containers still slip through into general waste," said Ms Remmel. Brazil, Argentina and other countries within the region, highlighting some of the major manufacturers in the sector and the products that are driving demand. C 4662 BEATSON CLARK - HISTORIC GLASSMAKER INVESTS IN A DESIGN FOR THE FUTURE GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 10-12, 14 Beatson Clark, originally a manufacturer of glass containers for the pharmaceutical industry, diversified into food and beverage packaging during the 1980s and 90s. With the recent celebration of its 260th anniversary, the editor of this article, Nadine Firth, met Lynn Sidebottom, Sales and Marketing Director, to discuss the company's rich history, its continued efforts in product design and lightweighting, and its success in the food and beverage markets, while maintaining its position as one of the UK's largest pharmaceutical glass manufacturers. C 4665 [EMHART] MULTI-GOB SYSTEM GIVES FORMING FLEXIBILITY GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 78 Emhart Glass has announced the launch of a multi-gob weight system, which allows for enhanced flexibility of glass container production when used in conjunction with the supplier's 555 feeder, 565 shear and FlexIS feeder control software. The new system controls both the feeder and the shear, giving a choice of gob weight and shape. As a result, each section of a forming machine (whether IS, AIS, NIS or BIS), can produce an item of individual weight and shape. The multi-motion profile plunger and shear are both controlled and monitored from one screen. Settings are designed to be simple, intuitive and largely selfexplanatory. The system can offer many benefits for glassmakers. Production can be closely aligned with demand, in terms of both quantity produced and time of manufacture. This optimises the use of machines and minimises the need to hold stock. Production can also be adjusted precisely to the supply of glass C 4663 CONTAINER GLASS GROWTH SPREADING ACROSS LATIN AMERICA GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 15-18 This article provides an overview of the growing container glass industry in C 4664 A CLOSER LOOK AT ENGRAVING ON GLASS R FRAPPA IRIS INSPECTION MACHINES GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 74 Even the smallest imprecision in glass inspection can prove costly for glass container manufacturers. In this article, Raminro Frappa of Irish Inspection Machines (S America), looks at the difficulties caused by engraving and embossing on glass and how tools are being developed to differentiate between these decoration techniques and faults. Page 6 of 116 available, thus optimising furnace output. With the multi-gob weight system, it is possible to accommodate a short notice job without halting an existing run. One or more sections can be reassigned to the job, while the others continue as normal. Small quantities can be handled without equipping the entire machine with moulds or leaving some sections idle. The system can also be used to test a new set of mould equipment, or to make sampling runs on a single section without interrupting normal production. For more information, please visit: www.emhartglass.com C 4666 IPGR TO DRIVE DECISIVE CHANGE IN GLASS CONTAINER PRODUCTION GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 6 International Partners in Glass Research executives have agreed the ned for more innovation and the willingness to take risks in developments for glass container production. According to a statement following the organisation's recent Executive meeting in Germany, suppliers as well as manufacturers should also be encouraged to investigate revolutionary approaches on the most pressing topics besides the incremental and evolutionary approaches that are mostly undertaken today. Future research will include the reduction of melting costs, higher production efficiency and increased glass container strength. A clear sign will be set for suppliers, motivating them to focus on the need for innovation in the field of glass container manufacture. IPGR will increase its research efforts. Additional suggestions for research collaboration are currently being assessed, in addition to which proposals on research collaborations from suppliers and other research institutes are invited. C 4667 MAKING GLASS PACKAGING VISION A REALITY GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 40, 42 These are exciting times for Allied Glass Containers. The subject of a second management buyout in 2010, the company's ambitious management has subsequently implemented a series of important investment initiatives which have continued to develop its production capabilities, as explained in this article. C 4668 BENEFITS OF UV PRINTING INKS D MACHMER RUCO DRUCKFARBEN, GERMANY GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 64 The use of UV curing printing inks for glass decoration has been rising steadily in recent years. Ruco Druckfarben, a leading printing ink manufacturer based in Eppstein, Germany, took up the manufacture of UV printing inks in 1982 and first introduced a screen printing ink series for glass decoration as a dual cure system in 2001. This article describes their latest product, the 935UV series. C 4669 HANDLE WITH CARE FOR BEST RESULTS W SEIDENSTICKER HEYE INTERNATIONAL, GERMANY GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 82-83 Competitive production processes require good forming techniques, as well as a modern ware handling system to meet increasing speed and precision demands. This article considers the importance of accurate ware handling at the hot end, together with some of the latest equipment innovations from Heye International. Page 7 of 116 C 4670 THE MARKET FOR GLASS PACKAGING IN THE UKRAINE (JANAPRIL 2012) http://steklosouz.ru/news/show&id=19 56 The monthly monitoring of the market of container glass in Ukraine, conducted by the Agency of Industrial Marketing, completed data as of April 2012. Volumes of production of glass jars for 4 months in 2012 amounted to 89,300/tonnes, which is 18% higher than the same period in 2011, while exports declined significantly (33%). Also, there was a decrease in production of glass bottles by 7% in January-March 2012 relative to 2011 and amounts to 732.2 million units. Exports thus increased by 11%. C 4671 JOHNSON & JORGENSEN INTRODUCE A NEW LINE OF CONTAINERS http://www.jjpack.com/content/newauthentic-glass-jars-range/ Leading container packaging specialist, Johnsen & Jorgensen has introduced a new range of authentic clear glass jars. The new Excellsens range is ideal for traditional style packaging of food products and cosmetics. Originally developed for the complex production requirements of foie gras in the south of France, the jars are equally suitable for other food products such as jams, chutneys, sauces and candy as well as various cosmetic products like body butters, bath salts or creams. Smart, light and easy to open with their clip-top lids, the Excellsens range is available in 120, 195, 260 and 420ml size jars of various heights. This range is currently held in stock at the French warehousing facilities of leading panEuropean packaging supplier, Pont Europe, with whom Johnsen & Jorgensen merged late last year. This latest launch strengthens the company s extensive jars range which includes everything from standard shapes through to striking modern designs for maximum shelf impact and value added packaging of food and cosmetics. C 4672 GLASS RECYCLING: MAJOR RESOURCE FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY M DELLE SELVE FEVE GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 102, 104-5 According to the latest glass recycling estimates published by FEVE, the average glass recycling rate in the EU remains stable at 68%. This means around 25BN glass bottles and jars were collected throughout the EU in 2010. In this article, Michael Delle Selve of EU Container Glass Federation FEVE reviews the positive performance and prospects for glass recycling in the EU. C 4673 [UAE] PRIVATE INVESTOR SELLS GHANI GLASS STAKE GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 5 Swicorp, a private equity firm, has announced the sale of a 20% stake in Ghani Glass, held by Joussour Holding Company (JHC). JHC is a private equity investment company managed by Swicorp that focuses on energy-intensive industries. Established in 1993, Ghani Glass is one of the largest glass manufacturers in Pakistan. Since JHC's initial investment in 2007, the company has witnessed strong growth, more than doubling its top and bottom line on the back of capacity expansions, including the commissioning of the first pharmaceutical glass manufacturing project in the Middle East and N Africa region, based on EU technology. Nabil Triki, Swicorp Head of Private Equity said: "When we invested in Ghani glass five years ago, our ambition was to significantly grow its top and bottom line and allow the company to establish a footprint beyond the borders of Pakistan. Page 8 of 116 Although faced with challenging local and international markets, the company was able to navigate through consecutive crises and we are satisfied we were able to contribute directly to profitability growth." C 4674 BPA SAFETY CONCERNS FUEL GLASS PACKAGING GROWTH GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 7 According to a recent report, Bisphenol-A (BPA) safety fears could see the global glass food and beverage packaging segment challenge the ever-expanding plastic packaging industry. Recent concerns over health risks associated with the chemical and anti-BPA legislation in countries including France, have given the glass packaging segment an advantage over its plastic counterpart, said Visiongain's report: The Glass Packaging Market 2012-2022. The global glass packaging market is expected to hit US$34.8BN in 2012, of which food and beverage packaging accounts for the majority. The report added that demand for sustainable packaging and the purchasing power of emerging Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) and Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt and Turkey (CIVET) will contribute to glass' continued presence in the food packaging industry. "The emergence of microwavable containers has been contributing to the success of plastic packaging int he food packaging market. However, concerns over chemical migration and glass' premium image give glass packaging advantages," said Vision Analyst, Eric Lautier. "There are rising concerns over BPA migration in food and beverage packaging when the containers are heated. Studies have also showed that migration occurs when products stand on the shelf," he continued. "Glass packaging is oxygen and CO2 proof and does not change the taste or colour of the packaged product. Nothing goes through the glass or leaks from it, neither does it produce any chemical reactions." C 4675 [USA[] VERALLIA RECYCLING CAMPAIGN CONVERTS GLASS INTO CONSUMER BONUSES GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 7 Verallia has announced it is promoting a campaign that gives bonuses of $0.7 per 1kg of bottles brought back by the consumer. The accumulated value can be used in a household shop to buy new glass products. According to the company, all material collected will be sent for recycling and to produce new glass products. Verallia's employees first announced the idea in 2009, with a proposal to bring glass bottles and jars from home and exchange it for bonuses that entitle them to buy glass products in the household store next to the factory. "Due to the large membership of employees, we decided from March 2012 to extend the project for the entire population, with the intention of encouraging the process of glass recycling, raising awareness of the importance of separating the material and showing the method only has advantages," said the company. C 4676 EMHART GLASS CELEBRATES CENTENARY GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 8 Emhart Glass, one of the leading suppliers of machines, controls, and parts to the glass container industry, celebrates its centenary this year. The company began in 1912, when Hartford-Fairmont was founded in Hartford, CN, USA by Bill Lorenz, William Honiss and Karl Peiler. The company was created to market a design for the paddle-gob feeder, which used gravity to automatically feed molten glass into moulds. In 1924, it became Hartford-Empire and patented the individual section (IS) machine for the automatic production of glass containers. According to the company, the 1940s saw it move into Page 9 of 116 automated inspection. Renaming itself Emhart and later Emhart Glass, the firm built an EU-wide sales and manufacturing operation from the 1950s with plants and branches in Switzerland, Germany, Italy and the UK. The acquisition of Swedish manufacturer Sundsvalls Verkstader in 1952 was an important milestone and in 1987, the group transferred its headquarters to Switzerland. "I am very proud to be part of a company with such a long and impressive history," said Martin Jetter, President of Emhart Glass. "Our challenge today is to live up to their legacy by serving our customers with new ways to improve the technologies we've inherited, and to add them with innovations of our own, for the benefit of our customers and the entire glass industry." C 4677 LIGHTER BEER BOTTLE PAVES THE WAY GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 16 Glass has never featured in the discussion on "excess packaging," although it does have the potential to reduce its weight further. This, combined with an increasing recycling rate, will have a significant beneficial effect on energy and CO2 reduction. UK glass container manufacturer Beatson Clark, is constantly looking for opportunities to lightweight its designs and has several lightweight products within its general sale range. The company has recently introduced a lightweight beer bottle that weighs 285g. The 500ml tapered amber beer bottle can also be manufactured in white flint and at 285g, it is almost half the weight of Beatson Clark's original beer bottle of 403g. The benefits of lightweighting include reduced production costs and the ability to offer clients a more cost-effective product without compromising on quality. By reducing the use of raw materials and energy consumption, lightweight bottles can also help to meet waste reduction and emissions targets. "The bottle will have a standard crown neck finish suitable for beers, ales or ciders, however, it will also be interchangeable with an MCA finish to make it suitable for soft drinks," said Lynn Sidebottom, Sales and Marketing Director. "As glass is infinitely recyclable and totally inert, it is a healthy and sustainable product that helps to minimise the effect of packaging on the environment." she adds. For more information, please visit: www.beatsonclark.co.uk C 4678 RECYCLED GLASS ENTERS A NEW AGE GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 18 German-based Heinz Glass, manufacturer of small glass bottles for the perfume and cosmetics industry, recently announced the launch of a "New Age" glass, which is an ecological and recyclable glass, melted with no CO2 emissions. The environmental approach instilled by the company's President, Karl Heinz, started in the 1970s. In 1998, waterbased lacquering techniques were introduced - 8 years before the legal requirement, and 10 years before the implementation of this decree amongst most decorators working for the cosmetics glass sector. With no adjuvants, the material is pure and the recycled glass is melted in electric furnaces, with the energy provided by solar, wind and hydroelectric power. The physicochemical properties of the glass produced remain similar to new glass, with properties such as safety, thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance and recyclability. For more information please visit: www.heinzglas.com C 4679 [RAW MATERIALS] THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAIN SIZE IN GLASS MELTING F NOVOTNY INST GLASS AND CERAMICS, CZECH REPUBLIC GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 21-22, 24, 26-27 Page 10 of 116 Theoretically, any decrease in the grain size of raw materials results in the acceleration of the melting process. However, this does not seem always to be the case and problems can arise if an incorrect reaction path is adopted. Different intermediate products can also be formed depending on the grain size of the raw materials. In this article, Frantisek Novotny examines the importance of the correct grain size distribution of raw materials in glass processing. C 4680 SORTING SYSTEM FACILITATES HIGH END RECYCLING GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 20 A completely new development used in the recycling of thin-sheet, container and flat glass, the K9 Flash from S+S Separation and Sorting Technology can separate unwanted colour particles and ceramics, stones and porcelain (CSP) from the cullet flow with a minimal loss of good material. It can also detect and remove special glasses, such as Ceran. The spaceefficient design is conductive to minimal glass breakage and features new specific light technology. These features allow for a higher throughput capacity with precise detection. The system identifies contaminants and glass by colour and will remove "out of specification" glass from the material flow that is indistinguishable to the human eye. Up to 9 different wavelength ranges can be scanned by the system. This allows the ID of colour, CSP and heat-resistant special glass. Unwanted material is removed from the material flow by air-ejection nozzles operating within one millisecond. For more information, please visit: www.sesotec.com C 4681 GROWING RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET ATTRACTS MAJOR PLAYERS GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 43-44 According to recent reports, two of the leading German pharmaceutical glass producers are considering expanding in Russia, through the establishment of their production facilities in the local market. German manufacturer Bayer, recently announced plans to start production in Russia. The production of Type I pharmaceutical glass is expected to be launched at the capacities of the Ural glass plant, one of Russia's largest glass factories. In addition, Schott Glass, has recently announced its plans to establish a plant for the production of pharmaceutical glass in Russia. Their new plant is expected to be opened in the Bor district of the Nizhny Novgorod region during 2014-15. This article takes a look at the Russian glass market, as well as some issues the manufacturers may face. C 4682 ICG REPORTS ON PROGRESS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL GLASS ROADMAP AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 5 2012 22 Although there is a tendency to associate little plastic bottles with pharmaceuticals, people with severe allergies (who carry an EpiPen, for example), know there is a branch of pharmaceuticals that relies on glass packaging. According to the American Pharmaceutical Review website, 98% of injectable medications come in glass containers (23BN/pa). Along these lines, the strength and resilience of pharmaceutical glass was the topic at a recent meeting of the ICG. In early March, the ICG convened a special workshop in Berlin with a group of experts from the glass and pharmaceutical industries to discuss their future R&D needs and to map a course for continued development of unbreakable and chemically resistant glass. A release from the ICG reports the meeting fostered a better understanding of the interaction of the glass surface with pharmaceutical products, including delamination phenomena, adsorption effects and the influence of big molecules, that were seen as short term projects" that could be addressed by 2015. The ICG Page 11 of 116 went on to say that other issues related to glass quality variances, extractable and leachable metal ions, and lubricants also could be solved by around 2015. However, the group said that more years would be needed to address "the fragililty of glass which creates problems in handling and device usage, transport and also particle contamination such as the effect of silicon oil and the deactivation of large molecules." Participants also recommended the ICG create a technical committee on glasses for pharmacy. C 4683 [MARKETS] THE MARKET FOR BEER MINTEL DEC 2011 www.mintel.com A recent report from UK market research firm Mintel entitled "Beer" reports that according to Jonny Forsyth, Senir Drinks Analyst, Lager can undoubtedly innovate its way out of its current slump. If ever there was doubt about the importance of innovation in driving sales this can be dispelled by the value which flavoured vodkas plus pear and other fruitflavoured ciders have added to their respective youth-orientated categories. Some questions answered in this report include: How can beer unlock the potential of off-trade sales? Are UK lager sales in permanent freefall or will they recover? Can lager innovate its way out of its current slump? Can lager realistically attract UK women in sufficient numbers to stabilise overall sales? C 3684 [MARKETS] KIRIN HOLDINGS AND BEER http://www.euromonitor.com/kirinholdings-co-ltd-in-beer/report Euromonitor International's report on Kirin Holdings Co Ltd delivers a detailed strategic analysis of the company's business, examining its performance in the Beer market and the global economy. Company and market share data provide a detailed look at the financial position of Kirin Holdings Co Ltd, while in-depth qualitative analysis will help you understand the brand strategy and growth prospects of Kirin Holdings Co Ltd This report examines: Company share by region and sector; Brand portfolio; New product developments; Marketing and distribution strategies A detailed SWOT analysis of Kirin Holdings Co Ltd provides strategic intelligence on: Strengths and weaknesses; Category and country opportunities for growth; Challenges and threats from current competition and future prospects; Global and regional market positions. C 4685 GLOBAL PROSPECTS FOR BEER COMPANIES http://www.euromonitor.com/globalprospects-for-beer-companies/report Global beer volume continued to grow in 2011, thanks to strong growth in emerging markets, but mature beer markets continued to register declines. As beer volume growth is forecast to continue to be driven by developing markets, companies will need to focus on extending their geographic reach, whilst in sluggish mature markets they have to look to maximise value. This global briefing analyses how company strategies are evolving and what are the opportunities for beer companies in the future. What this report includes is: Up-to-the minute analysis of the latest trends in the industry; New product development, forecasts and other themes; Unique graphics and illustrated case studies; Most recent brand and company news: New insight into the size and shape of the market. C 4686 GLASS IS FIRST FOR BEERS, BUT UNDER THREAT FROM CANS http://www.euromonitor.com/containerglass-can-it-survive-trying-marketconditions-/report In 2009, global retail beer packaging consumption amounted to 261BN units, with glass bottles maintaining position as consumers' first choice pack type for beer, accounting for 59% Page 12 of 116 or retail beer sales (ref: Euromonitor). However, the metal beverage can continues to build on its presence, recording a dynamic 7% increase in sales in 2009 as against a more modest 2.5% increase recorded by glass bottle sales. The greatest volume gains for glass are being enerated in Asia Pacific. The split in glass bottle sales for beers by region in 2009 was: Asia Pacific 33%: Western Europe 18%; Latin America 18%; Eastern Europe 14%; Middle East & Africa 2%; Australasia 2%. In 2004, the percentage ratio with regards to global retail beer packaging mix was 61% glass vs 39% cans. In 2009 the figure was 59% glass as opposed to 41% cans, and Euromonitor forecast that in 2013, this data will read a 50-50% split between the two. C 4687 [GLOBAL GLASS CONTAINER MARKETS] GLASS RETURNS TO GROWTH: THE OUTLOOK IN FOOD AND BEVERAGES http://www.euromonitor.com/glassreturns-to-growth-the-outlook-in-foodand-beverages/report This report from Euromonitor (November, 2011) reports that after a couple of sombre years, with 2009 marking the depths of the global economic downturn, glass has shown a more positive outlook, with global retail unit volume sales up by 1% in 2010. Global demand for glass is forecast to increase by a further 2% in 2011, to reach 309.5BN units. The emrging market economies of Asia Pacific and Latin America are intrinsic to this recovery, as saturated consumption levels in North American and Western Europe, further compouded by financial difficulties in the Eurozone make for a weakened volume growth outlook across many developed economies. C 4688 [FORMING] VISION TECHNOLOGY FOR COSMETIC INSPECTION GMPA 1/12 48 Pharmaceutical companies are demanding more and more cosmetic quality of containers. Manual inspection is not an answer to such needs, and its inconsistency is a critical limit for glass packaging manufacturers. Automatic inspection is the right tool to increase efficiency and respect pharmaceutical requirements. Camera systems measure exactly all defect sizes, while manual inspection is subjected to the skill of the operator. According to statistics, manual inspection generates a higher rate of false rejection (1025%), without preventing the risk of defect releases. The effectiveness of manual inspection is very sensitive to the well-being of the operator, who requires continuous training. On the other hand, cameras are never sick. Spami's automatic inspection systems are used by converting companies (and pharmaceutical companies) for cosmetic inspection, which can be either in-line (after the annealing furnace), or off-line. High flexibility, ease of use and inspection capabilities make Spami systems suitable for any type of visual contact. C 4689 NEW PROCESS CONTROL FEATURES FOR THE I-CARE HOTEND IMAGING SYSTEM MSC & SGCC GMPA 2/12 32-35 MSC and SGCC are two major players of the hollow glass inspection market with truly similar paths: almost half a century of experience, and both started as part of famous glassmakers. MSC was created as a small department of BSN in 1963, to invent on-line inspection solutions for its hollow glass production; and, in 1973, SGCC started its existence as part of Saint-Gobain to perform multiinspection on glass containers with the first star-wheel principle machine. After developing their fields of expertise, SGCC and MSC became independent entities providing inspection equipment globally. In 2008, MSC and SGCC joined forces Page 13 of 116 under the umbrella of Tiama Group to offer complete inspection solutions with the brand MSC & SGCC. Their latest offerings are explained in this article. C 4690 [GLASS MARKETS] FUTRONIC MISSION EASTERN EUROPE POLAND GMPA 2/12 36-41 Futronic is a leading international supplier of complex automation solutions. Sales and after-sales service are taken care of by a network of agents and partners acting on the global player's behalf. Staff from the Tettnang (Germany) headquarters also make regular trips to all five continents to pay personal visits to customers. In April and June last year, Stephan Pies and Marc Meersschaut went to Poland to learn more about the people who live there, the local markets, and the key players of its container glass industry. This article describes what the two Futronic envoys experienced on their travels. C 4691 [EMHART & VETROPACK] A MILESTONE FOR STRONGER AND LIGHTER-WEIGHT GLASS CONTAINERS GMPA 2/12 43-45 Resistance to breakage and reduced weight - these are the characteristics usually requested for glass packaging. These two features, described in this article, will now be possible thanks to a new process developed by Emhart Glass, which will be installed at Vetropack's glassworks in Austria, and subsequently used in an industrial production process for the first time. C 4692 STOLZLE GLASS: A HISTORY OF EXPERTISE AND SPECIALISATION GMPA 2/12 71-75 An overview of glass manufacturer Stolzle is given in this article. Situated in the heart of Austria, Stolzle Glass Group has a proud tradition of more than 200 years'' glass production. With five production sites located in Austria, UK, Czech Republic and Poland, together with a worldwide distribution network, Stolzle competes amongst the leading global players in the field of glass. C 4693 GLASS CONTAINER DEFECTS CAUSES AND REMEDIES http://emhartglass.com/files/TW0738Causes%26Remedies_Secured.pdf A good container is a container that will go through the customer's filling line without causing any difficulty and will carry his product to the consumer. It is, therefore, essential that before a container is released for sale from the glass plant, it successfully passes an inspection with standards set to meet the customer's needs. This document, from Emhart Glass, offers remedies which hopefully, give a basic understanding of defects and their causes. In some instances, several remedies may be needed to correct the causes. The publication can be downloaded from Emhart's website: http://emhartglass.com/files/TW0738Causes%26Remedies_Secured.pdf C 4694 WINE PACKAGING GUIDELINES http://www.wfa.org.au/files/media/2008 /Packaging_Guideline.pdf The Winemakers' Federation of Australia has published the "Wine Packaging Guidelines" which is available to download from: http://www.wfa.org.au/files/media/2008 /Packaging_Guideline.pdf The guidelines are intended to provide a basic level of understanding of fundamental wine packaging issues for small-to-medium wineries and new entrants into the industry. The expert advice was provided by the WFA Packaging Committee, which was established to enable the development of a unified position for the wine industry with regard to packaging related issues. Page 14 of 116 C 4695 CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD PACKAGING: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION IN POTCHEFSTROOM, SOUTH AFRICA K VENTER ET AL DEPT CONSUMER SCI, N-WEST UNIVERSITY, POTCHEFSTROOM, S AFRICA INTERNATIONAL J CONSUMER STUDIES 35 3 MAY 2011 273-281 Consumers form perceptions of various food products through their comprehension of the visual stimuli on food packaging that attract their attention. These perceptions directly affect their purchasing decision at the point of purchase, which emphasizes the importance of attention-capturing packaging attributes. However, little research is available regarding consumers' perceptions of food packaging, especially in the South African context. This study aimed to explore a sample of South African consumers' perceptions of food packaging and how these perceptions were formed through the perceptual process. A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted by means of 25 semi-structured interviews and through the use of ambiguous mock packaging as a projective technique. Participants were questioned regarding their general perceptions of food packaging. The attention-capturing ability of packaging as well as consumers' interpretation of this packaging after exposure to the mock packaging was also discussed. Findings from the study indicated that participants mainly based their perception of food packaging on its functional (being purposive, recyclable and informative) and physical attributes (being attractive, of high quality and hygienic). This study also indicated that information and visual attributes of packaging are important to gain consumers' attention in-store. Participants' comprehension of packaging included general associations of specific food products with certain types of packaging, such as associations with quality and shelf life. Negative associations with packaging mostly entailed difficulty to handle the product, poor quality of the product and environmental problems. This study identifies those product attributes that participants regarded as the most important stimuli for forming positive perceptions regarding food packaging. It is important for manufacturers to pay attention to the information on perceptions that was gained in this study, as it might help them to create packaging that better fulfil consumer needs. These findings could also be applied in a larger study of a quantitative nature, which will ultimately result in more positive consumer shopping experiences and consumer satisfaction regarding food packaging. C 4696 FOOD PACKAGING - ROLES, MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES K MARSH & B BUGUSU K MARSH & ASSOCIATES & INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, USA http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.11 11/j.1750-3841.2007.00301.x/full The Institute of Food Technologists has issued this Scientific Status Summary to update readers on food packaging and its impact on the environment. Advances in food processing and food packaging play a primary role in keeping the U.S. food supply among the safest in the world. Simply stated, packaging maintains the benefits of food processing after the process is complete, enabling foods to travel safely for long distances from their point of origin and still be wholesome at the time of consumption. However, packaging technology must balance food protection with other issues, including energy and material costs, heightened social and environmental consciousness, and strict regulations on pollutants and disposal of municipal Page 15 of 116 solid waste. Municipal solid waste (MSW) consists of items commonly thrown away, including packages, food scraps, yard trimmings, and durable items such as refrigerators and computers. Legislative and regulatory efforts to control packaging are based on the mistaken perception that packaging is the major burden of MSW. Instead, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that approximately only 31% of the MSW generated in 2005 was from packaging-related materials, including glass, metal, plastic, paper, and paperboard a percentage that has remained relatively constant since the 1990s despite an increase in the total amount of MSW. Nonpackaging sources such as newsprint, telephone books, and office communication generate more than twice as much MSW (EPA 2006a). Food is the only product class typically consumed 3 times per day by every person. Consequently, food packaging accounts for almost two-thirds of total packaging waste by volume (Hunt and others 1990). Moreover, food packaging is approximately 50% (by weight) of total packaging sales. Although the specific knowledge available has changed since publication of the 1st Scientific Status Summary on the relationship between packaging and MSW (IFT 1991), the issue remains poorly understood, complicating efforts to address the environmental impact of discarded packaging materials. This article describes the role of food packaging in the food supply chain, the types of materials used in food packaging, and the impact of food packaging on the environment. In addition, this document provides an overview of EPA's solid waste management guidelines and other waste management options. Finally, it addresses disposal methods and legislation on packaging disposal. C 4697 SUPPLY AND DEMAND CHAIN INTEGRATION: A CASE STUDY CONDUCTED IN THE PACKAGING INDUSTRY C DOMINIC SUSTAINABILITY AND FORESIGHT, INNVENTIA, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN PACKAGING TECHNOL & SCI APRIL 2012 - DOI: 10.1002/pts.1963 The purpose of this work was to study the packaging supplier and the integration of integrating packaging suppliers into the supply and demand chain (SDC). The packaging industry has been analyzed using a structured market analysis, and the companies studied have been positioned in an integration model for packaging suppliers. In addition, case studies were conducted to study the development of the packaging industry and its integration within the SDC in the Scandinavian region. The analysis shows that there are gaps in the business relations between the packaging companies studied and the SDC. Most of the packaging suppliers were not integrated into the SDC. Valuable information, available in the network, seldom reaches the packaging supplier who holds the knowledge necessary to create and offer innovative packaging solutions. The article provides an empirical exploration into the field of packaging, logistics and SDC integration and an original conceptual framework that could serve as a theoretical framework for future research work applied in the packaging industry and an interesting business model to the increase understanding of packaging supply chain integration. Page 16 of 116 C 4698 ATTRIBUTES OF PACKAGING AND INFLUENCES ON WASTE J LANGLEY ET AL SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY PACKAGING TECHNOL & SCI 24 3 APRIL-MAY 2011 161-175 DOI: 10.1002/pts.924 An important area of focus for the reduction of domestic waste is packaging and food packaging specifically. At some point in the life of packaging in the consumers' home, the packaging goes through a transition from something of use, of value and of worth to the consumer to something that is no longer any of these. Being able to identify attributes of packaging that might have an impact on this transitional point to change the use or value so that the packaging is re-used, recycled or composted rather than being landfilled is very important in successfully diverting packaging waste from landfill. This research aimed to conduct a variety of tests to identify attributes of packaging that have an influence on the eventual waste route and to determine what that influence was. The research included an extensive literature study looking at consumer test methods, current waste and packaging waste studies, and packaging design literature. This was followed by a series of four tests: bin raids , digital diary , visual survey and ethnography . These tests were designed to determine how consumers would treat specific examples of packaging in an end-of-life scenario and what influences those decisions. C 4699 SCALPING OF FLAVOURS IN PACKAGED FOODS M G SAJILATA ET AL INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, MUMBAI, INDIA COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE & FOOD SAFETY 6 1 2007 17-35 Food packaging, although an integral part of the food chain, has a major drawback in that, often, the packaging material interacts with the flavor constituents of the food, causing either a selective or an extensive loss of desirable food flavors or absorption of undesirable off-flavors from the packaging material, thereby resulting in an eventual loss of quality of the packaged food item. The process is called scalping and is of great concern to the food industry, which is always looking out for new avenues in packaging solutions for its final product quality needs. The review highlights the various attributes of the scalping process, explores approaches to the reduction of the manifested undesirable effects, and covers other relevant aspects. C 4700 THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF VISIBLE PARTICLES IN PARENTERAL DRUGS L DOESSEGGER ET AL PHARMA DEV SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT, BASEL, SWITZERLAND J PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE 101 8 2012 2635-2644 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23217 Visible particulates (VP) are one subclass of defects seen during the final visual inspection of parenteral products and are currently one of the top ten reasons for recalls 1,2. The risk posed by particles is still unclear with limited experience reported in humans but remains an important consideration during the manufacture and use of parenteral products. From the experimental and clinical knowledge of the distribution of particulate matter in the body, clinical complications would include events occurring around parenteral administration e.g., as a result of mechanical pulmonary artery obstruction and injection site reaction, Page 17 of 116 or sub-acute or chronic events e.g., granuloma. The challenge is to better understand the implication for patients of single vials with VP and align the risk with the probabilistic detection process used by manufacturers for accept/reject decisions of individual units of product. C 4701 LIPSTICK, POWDER AND PAINT COSMETIC PACAKGING PROVIDES SUB-CONTINENTAL BOOST R GUNASKERA ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 3738, 41 In this article, Rohan Gunaskera dons the lipstick, and finds out why cosmetic packaging trends in Asia are providing lucrative returns for the continent's glass container companies. C 4702 GOING GREEN PROVES TOUGH FOR HONG KONG ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 16 April Lai is a woman with a mission. Every Thursday and Saturday, she spends 2.5/hours at a public trash collection point in the Wan Chai district of Hong Kong, home to some of the city's most colourful nightlife and scores of bars, clubs and restaurants. Her goal: to collect glass. Wine bottles, beer bottles, jam jars, soy sauce bottles - she will take them all. Most of the glass is brought in from a few dozen bars in Wan Chai and in Soho, another bar-studded neighbourhood in this Asian financial hub. And sometimes Hong Kong residents come to her little spot among the skyscrapers to bring their offerings. Each haul from the bars brings in between two and three tons of glass on average - not bad, given that the resources of Green Glass Green, the tiny non-governmental organisation managed by Ms Lai, extend to just a few part-time drivers and volunteers. The destination for this glass is Tiostone Environmental, whose small factory on the outskirts of Hong Kong makes paving stones from trash. C 4703 ALLIED GLASS EXPECTS 2012 SALES BOOST ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 1819 Allied Glass has revealed it expects 2012 sales to exceed £100m. The company, which has reported increased revenue of £97M to 31 December 2011, said its performance was being driven by rising demand in emerging markets. Revenue in 2011 had increased by 13% from £86M in the previous year. The sales rise has been fuelled by demand for spirits in emerging markets such as China, India, Russia and South America. Allied designs and manufactures bottles supplying many of the world's leading brands. Steve O'Hare, nonexecutive director of Allied Glass said: "Allied Glass is a great example of a UK manufacturer that has benefited from the growth of consumer spending in the BRIC countries and other emerging markets. The company's strength lies in its manufacturing expertise, which is clearly attractive to the leading beverage firms it supplies because of the complexity of many of the glass designs. I am confident that the growth will continue through 2012 and I expect the business to break the £100M mark before the end of the year." C 4704 RUSSIA: OMSK GLASS FACTORY MAKES TEST BATCH OF BEER BOTTLES www.glassonline.com 11 JULY 2012 Serial production of lightweight glass containers for the beer industry is reportedly to begin at the Omsk glass factory in mid-July, using technology that significantly reduces the weight of the bottle, and increases its strength. The first batch of 300 thousand pieces has already been manufactured, and Page 18 of 116 mass production will be started once customers provide the necessary parameters and approve the bottles. The Omsk plant produces glass bottles from clear glass, using natural raw materials - enriched quartz sand from the quarries of Ulyanovsk, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions. In the near future raw materials from Kormilovskogo will be used. NNPB (Narrow Neck Press And Blow) technology, already widely used in Europe, enables to produce products with less weight with the optimum distribution of the glass. Standard 0.5 litre bottles weigh about 340g, whereas with this technology their weight is approximately 220g. C 4705 [MARKETS] GLOBAL BEVERAGE PACKAGING INDUSTRY www.glassonline.com 12 JULY 2012 The most recent report from ReportLinker analyzes the worldwide markets for Global Beverage Packaging in US$ million, with separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, AsiaPacific, Latin America, and Rest of World. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for the 2009-2017 period, as well as a six-year historic analysis for these markets. The report profiles 124 key and niche companies including Alcoa, Inc., Amcor Limited, Ampac Packaging, LLC, Anchor Glass Container Corporation, AnheuserBusch, Inc., Metal Container Corporation, Astrapak Ltd., Ball Corporation, Berry Plastics Corporation, Can-Pack S. A., CKS Packaging, Inc., CCL Industries, Inc., Compagnie de Saint-Gobain, Constar International, Inc., Crown Holdings, Inc., DuPont Liqui-Box Corporation, Exal Corporation, Graphic Packaging Holdings Company, Graham Packaging Company, L.P., MeadWestvaco Corporation, OwensIllinois, Inc., Pactiv Corporation, Plastipak Packaging, Inc., Pretium Packaging LLC, Rexam Plc, RPC Group Plc, SIG Combibloc Group, Silgan Holdings, Inc., Southeastern Container, Inc., and Tetra Laval International SA. Market data and analytics are developed from primary and secondary research, while company profiles are primarily based upon search engine sources in the public domain. C 4706 FEVE: GLASS PACKAGING PRODUCTION SEES BUOYANT GROWTH IN 2011 www.feve.org Glass packaging production volumes in Europe grew by 4.2% in 2011 according to data published by the European Container Glass Federation (FEVE). The growth confirms the increase recorded in the first half of 2011 (4.7%), and builds on a positive trend after the 2009 financial crisis. Production figures are back to 2006 levels. The total production volume in Europe was 21.7 million tonnes as against 20.8 million tonnes in 2010. Considering market diversification, as well as major progress made in lightweighting, it is conservatively estimated that more than 50 billion units were produced by about 160 plants in Europe for domestic and international markets. The year 2011 marked a strong recovery of the industry production volumes to satisfy an increasing local demand, but also a rise of exports outside of Europe. This clearly confirms that the industry is a very stable economic reality in Europe, notwithstanding increasing competition from other materials and an unclear economic framework, says FEVE President Stefan Jaenecke. It is quite reassuring in a situation of current macroeconomic uncertainty. Strong growth was recorded in some leading markets, such as in Germany (7.3%), France (5.0%), Spain (4.4%), as well as in Portugal (3%) and in Italy (1.8%). The situation was stable in the UK (0.3%) and Poland (0.5%), while Turkey confirmed the exponential growth trend of the previous years, although at a slower pace (5.5%). To read more, please visit: http://www.feve.org/index.php?option= Page 19 of 116 com_content&view=article&id=10&Ite mid=11 C 4707 BEATSON CLARK AND RAWLINGS DEVELOP LIGHTWEIGHT COFFEE JAR www.beatsonclark.co.uk JUNE 2012 When premium coffee producer Little s needed to source a new jar for its range of flavoured instant coffees glass manufacturer Beatson Clark was able to step in with a new lightweighted jar at a competitive price. The family-run Devon-based speciality coffee roaster had been experiencing difficulties with its European supplier and was looking for a UK manufacturer to provide glass containers for its instant coffees. Little s were working closely with independent packaging specialist Rawlings to guide them through the jar manufacturing process and Rotherham-based Beatson Clark was able to provide the premium solution. It was a bespoke, high-quality, low-cost product which appealed to Little s in part because it was lighter than the jar they had previously used. The Beatson Clark solution ticked all the boxes for Little s quality brand and the speed to production has been incredible, said Thomas Wood, Managing Director at Rawlings. Our main focus was consistent supply, said Will Little. We wanted to use a UK manufacturer and we were really impressed with both how competitive the price was and the quality of the product. Our coffees are at the premium end of the market and the quality of the packaging is very important to us. We really liked the lightweight option for our jar too, and the cost and environmental benefits that this brings. C 4708 [GEORGIA] KASHURI CONTAINER GLASS PLANT COMPLETED ASIAN GLASS JUNE/JULY 2012 7 President of Georgia Mikheil Saskashvili has recently attended the ceremony of start of construction of a JV for glass container production in the Kashuri region of Shida Kartli, eastern Georgia. Construction of the glass container factory will be carried out by Inter Glass Georgia, 60% owned by Azerbaijan's Inter Glass Azerbaijan, and 40% Georgia's Gas Transportation Company. The project is expected to cost around 30M lari (around US$ 18.4M), and will employ 200 local residents. The factory will operate mainly on local raw materials (80%) and will produce around 100M glass containers/pa. Construction of the factory is expected to be complete by January 2013. C 4709 [TAJIKISTAN] NEW LINE IN CONTAINERS FOR CONSTRUCTION GLASS FIRM ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 7 Kairakum in Sughd, Tajikistan, one of the country's leading companies of construction glass has launched a new line for the production of one litre and two litre glass jars. The daily design capacity of the new production line will be 20,000 units/pd, doubling the company's current output of 10,000. The company was created in 2011, and operates under the State Programme for the Development of Building Materials until 2015. It also produces 1.3M sq/m of construction glass/pa. C 4710 AIGMF UNVEILS PACKAGING LCA ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 27 The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation (AIGMF) recently launched the first ever ISO 14040/44 compliant and independently reviewed cradle-tocradle Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) study on glass packaging. It has been commissioned by AIGMF and executed by PE Sustainability India, subsidiary of PE International AG, Germany. The study affirms the green potential of glass as a packaging medium ith its prospect to be the Page 20 of 116 packaging medium posing the lowest hazard in human toxicity potential (HTP - toxicological impact on human), terrestric ecotoxicity potential (TETP toxicological impact on water and soils) and photochem, ozone creation potential (POCP - interferes with ozone creation) compared to other forms of packaging. The study was conducted by data collection from 28 furnaces representing 72% of Indian glass container production. It is in line with the methodology followed for the GPI (Glass Packaging Institute), and FEVE. It examines the impact of every stage in the life cycle of glass containers, from raw material extraction to end-use. Based on the recommendations from the report on lightweighting glass and increasing cullet recycling, major players of the industry, including: HNG, Piramal, AGI Glaspac & Vitrum Glass are planning to undertake measures to improve the green profile of glass. These glass manufacturers plan to bring about this by initiating weight reductions of glass by as much as 20% through deployment of international technologies such as NNPB by 2015. They also want to focus on converting from furnace oil as fuel in container glass furnaces to natural gas to 50% from the present 30% over the next three years. This will lead to an opportunity for earning carbon credits to the tune of 1.2M for every 10M/t production. Other initiatives include maximising cullet recycling from the current all-India average of 35% to 50% in 2015, resulting in a reduction of carbon footprint by 22%. C 4711 MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE CONTAINER GLASS SURGE IN SOUTH EAST ASIA ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 3638, 41, 43 This article discusses how varying container glass growth patterns are emerging across South East Asia. Confidence in the commercial prospects for the glass sector in Vietnam has risen sharply in recent months. Although Malaysia is a more mature economy than some of its southeast Asian neighbours (Indonesia & Vietnam), it has an expanding drinks sector which opens numerous possibilities for bottle manufactures and beverage companies. After two years of political upheaval between 2008 and 2010, Thailand has returned to relative stability, offering the prospect of strong growth in the bottled beverage market, as tourism increases once again and the economy prospers, and Indonesia, the 4th largest population in the world with more than 237M people, is a very large and growing market for glass packaged beverage. The youth segment alone is more than 40M strong with an increasing appetite for Western-branded goods - particularly beers and soft drinks. C 4712 ASEAN's GREEN SCENE - THE CHALLENGE OF CULLET COLLECTION J AHMED ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 44, 46, 48, 50-51, 53 The shortage of quality cullet in the necessary amounts has been driving the glass manufacturers, especially the container industry in the bloc of Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to go for duty free imports from the group members and the bloc associates of North-East Asian countries to improve the level of recycled glass to at least 40%, which is already being achieved in Thailand. This article discusses how cullet shortages across South East Asia continue to pose problems for the region's container glass makers. C 4713 [EMHART] INNOVATIONS ABOUND - ISIS WALL THICKNESS GAUGE UNVEILED PRESS RELEASE JULY 2012 This new gauge option for the ISIS Dimensional Gauge is an integral part of its MiniLab Glass Container Measurement System. This new Page 21 of 116 option provides the ability for automated mold-correlated wall thickness measurement of glass containers on a sampling basis. The wall Thickness Gauge uses a single non-contact chromatic sensor with a 10um spot size to measure the wall thickness of glass containers from 1 to 10mm with a repeatability of +/0.15mm. A servo-controlled linear slide automatically keeps the chromatic sensor at optimal distance from the surface of round and nonround containers during the entire measurement sequence. Once installed and calibrated, the Wall Thickness Gauge does not require any mechanical adjustment. When creating a job, the operator simply specifies the distance from the top of base of the container the different wall thickness measurements should be performed. Up to nine locations can be specified, each with different diameter and min/max limit values. The ISIS elevator automatically positions the container in front of the sensor at the specified locations. The wall thickness is measured 360 degrees around the container at each location. The Wall Thickness Gauge is available as an option on new ISIS machines and as a field upgrade for any machine already in operation. C 4714 NEW GENERATION NECK RING MECHANISM www.emhartglass.com Emhart Glass has announced a new generation of neck ring mechanisms. The new mechanisms feature closing forces increased by 20%, optimised airflow for improved synchronisation motion and a fine-thread screw for greater T-nut clamping force. The tapered pin assembly has been replaced with a strong, standardised retaining ring assembly. The new design offers higher clamping force for the Neck Ring Holder Arm, and opens up the possibility of higher revert speeds. It allows for balanced opening of right and left neck ring cylinders, leading to fewer finish checks. The increased stiffness also enables improved precision, and the unit as a whole is far easier to service. The neck ring mechanism is fully interchangeable with existing mechanisms. Old and new versions of the mechanism can be operated side by side on the same machine. However, many of the individual parts within the new mechanism are not compatible with earlier versions. The new mechanism has part number: 191-5149-11. It is fully compatible with the existing neck ring numbered: 19-5149-9, the production of which will be discontinued when the new mechanism launches in Q2, 2012. A quick change version has also been developed, offering the same feature set and will bear the part number: 1915149-12 (replacing: 191-5149-10) and launch in Q3, 2012. C 4715 MEXICAN FOREHEARTH COLOURING SUCCESS GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 8 The Nueva Fabrica Nacionale de Vidrio (Fanal) glass container plant near Mexico City has recently installed a Ferro forehearth colouring system. Part of Grupo Modelo, home of the internationally renowned Corona Extra beer, Fanal has been a key customer for Ferro decorative enamels for many years. Recognising the added value potential of Ferro's foreherath colouring technology, the glass maker took the opportunity to install a colouring line as part of a recent forehearth rebuild programme. Ferro helped with the design of the line and supplied its standard equipment package, including refractory stirrers and colourant feeding system. Its engineers were on hand to oversee the plant's commissioning and start up during Q4 2011. C 4716 FIRST SCREW-CAP SPARKLING WINE BOTTLES DOWN UNDER GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 8 Page 22 of 116 Guala Closures Australia and O-I have launched Australia's first screwcapped sparkling wine bottles for De Bortoli Wines. The Viva closure was developed locally by Guala Closures Australia in response to ongoing complaints from industry and consumers about traditional corkclosed sparkling wines, including opening difficulty and loss of carbonation. Guala worked in collaboration with O-I to develop a bottle specifically designed to fit the closure, while maintaining a premium image and key dimensions to match existing filling lines and secondary packaging. The closure system took five years to develop and significant investment in R&D to ensure it was suited to traditional 5-gas-volume sparkling wines. C 4717 EMBOSSED BOTTLE FOR SICILY's VOLCANIC WINES GLASS WORLDWIDE JULY-AUGUST 2012 36 O-I's Marsala plant, close to Palermo on the north western tip of Sicily, has produced a distinctive embossed bottle for one of the region's premium wines. Since 1898, Cantine Nicosia has been committed to cultivating its rare native vines on the slopes of Sicily's Etna volcano. One of these is the Nerello Mascalese vine, the origin of the company's "volcanic" Etna Rosso wine, which has been awarded a DOC certification. To package this vibrant and individual wine, and the Etna Bianco, a bottle has been developed that preserves the special characteristics of the wines and communicates the heritage of Cantine Nicosia to local and international markets. O-I have collaborated closely with the wine producer to define a brief for the 75cl bottle design. The bottle is characterised by prominent, curvaceous shoulders and a distinctive base, which forms a pedestal on which the embossed name "Nicosia" stands out. C 4718 HIGH PERFORMANCE RADAR FOR INNOVATIVE GREEN AGGREGATE SIEMENS, CANADA GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 54, 56 What happens to the coloured glass that cannot be recycled or pieces that have become too fine to use in other glass products? What if that beer bottle eventually came part of the tile adhesive used in a bathroom renovation? For the past quarter of a century, Dennert Poraver GmbH, known in Canada as Poraver North American, has been doing just that, as explained in this article. C 4719 PACKAGING WASTE IN SWEDEN: ECONOMICS AND POLICY http://www.cserge.ac.uk/sites/default/fil es/wm_1992_05.pdf Increased recognition of the limited assimilative capacity of the environment has led to stricter environmental regulation of waste treatment. The costs of waste disposal have consequently risen, and with increased volumes of waste, landfill space can be regarded as a scarce resource. It is thus clear that a general policy on waste management should reduce the levels of waste that are created. Recent policy attention on packaging calls for an economic evaluation of proposed measures and policy options. The proposal of producer responsibility for the takeback of packaging is in its nature an command and control approach to the problem. The regulatory agency stipulates a goal, with or without a basis in social cost-benefit analysis and this goal has to be reached by all concerned. It leaves little flexibility as to which method to be used to reach reductions in waste. The economic instruments used in Sweden - a Page 23 of 116 deposit-refund system and a beverage container charge, are analysed. Trippage rates for glass containers are shown on page 28. system reportedly took five years to develop and significant investment in R&D to ensure it was suited to traditional 5-gas-volume sparkling wines. C 4718 [USA] O-I INTRODUCES JAR WITH POURING SPOUT GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE/12 3 Owens-Illinois (O-I) has announced that it is testing a jar with a different shape of pouring spout, which it claims is unique in the sector. The VersaFlow jar is aimed at eliminating the potential of mess caused by jars with rounded openings that can lead to spills or food waste. According to the company, the jar can be adapted to a variety of shapes and sizes for the food and beverage industry and could be commercially available in four to five months. "VersaFlow is about adapting for modern life. We looked at how traditional containers would leave a mess of food that accumulates around the rim. This leads to consumers throwing away food before it is all used," said Stephanie Johnston, O-I Director of Global Commercial Strategic Planning. C 4720 GETTING THE SCOOP ON LUBRICATION M JOHNSTON GRAPHOIDAL DEVELOPMENTS, UK GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 37-38 With an emphasis on minimising the use of oil and water in the glass manufacturing process, evaporationcooling systems are becoming more common. In this article, Mark Johnson, from Graphoidal Developments highlights the benefits of cooling at the shear sprays, but also on the problems at the scoops due to insufficient lubrication. C 4719 [AUSTRALIA] WINE BOTTLES WITH EXTRA SPARKLE GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE/12 7 Guala Closures Australia and O-I, two of Australia's leading packaging suppliers, have announced the launch of the country's first screw-capped sparkling wine bottles for De Bortoli Wines. The new screw-cap closure named Viiva, was developed locally by Guala Closures Australia in response to ongoing complaints from industry and consumers about traditional corkclosed sparkling wines surrounding opening difficulty and loss of carbonation. Guala Closures Australia worked in collaboration with O-I to develop a bottle specifically designed to fit the closure, while maintaining a premium image and key dimensions to match existing filling lines and secondary packaging. The closure DOMESTIC D 1275 RARELY SEEN AND UNUSUAL GLASS W LIEBERMAN THE GLASS ART SOCIETY JOURNAL 2011 62-63 In this article the author shares his interest of unusual glassware, describing the many things he's discovered over the years. The author describes these items in more detail on a Facebook photo album called "Rarely Seen and Unusual Glass." A Corning Glass Works and Saunders Machine and Tool Corporation Silver Streak Electric Iron, made of borosilicate glass, metal, fabric, and plastic from 1946 is just one of the items shown. D 1276 HOLOGRAPHY, GLASS, AND THE EXPLORATION OF LIGHT-SPACE A MUTH THE GLASS ART SOCIETY JOURNAL 2011, 67-69 When light interacts with a physical substance, it is transformed into a form Page 24 of 116 that can be recognized by the human eye and we are able to see and perceive a visual world. In many ways, holograms manifest our dimensional world in a similar way. In essence, holograms are a light and space recording of our physical world, as explained in this paper. D 1277 USING COPPER TUBING TO BLOW GLASS R G MILLER THE GLASS ART SOCIETY JOURNAL 2011, 88-89 In this article the author describes a highly effective technique he developed about 15 years ago for successfully working soda-lime glass on copper tubing. D 1278 HOW TO BUILD YOUR OWN ELECTRIC GLASS FURNACE A PARKER THE GLASS ART SOCIETY JOURNAL 2011, 90-93 In this paper the author describes how he came about building his own electric glass furnace, capable of melting 100 lbs of glass at 2250 deg C, using 3740KW/month, melting 90, 96, or 106 COE glass. D 1279 ENERGY SAVING IN GLASS PRODUCTION MACHINES ATHENA ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION GMPA 1/12 24-28 Glassmaking is complex, time-taking and energy consuming. In fact, to produce high-quality glass items, a great deal of energy is used to melt the raw materials, maintain the molten glass at the correct temperature, and then to cool down the finished items. The industry is continuously looking for ways to reduce energy consumption changing fuel, machinery and speed of production. However, according to French-based machinery maker, Athena, now it seems that there is a sure way of reducing energy consumption, as detailed in this article. D 1280 [FORMING] STEMWARE, TECHNICAL-WARE, SPUN-WARE FORMING: ADVANCED MACHINES FOR A WORLDWIDE MARKET GMPA 1/12 44-46 Today's tableware market is continuously looking for higher quality and higher efficiency machines to catch the growing market of stemware and spinware. Olivotto Glass Technologies (OGT), with its considerable experience, has developed a series of machines to satisfy all processes, as well as all sizes of production capacity, which are described in this article. D 1281 CRUCIBLE FURNACE CUSTOMISES GLASS GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 34 Paragon has introduced the Trifecta glass blower's kiln, designed for glass blowers who make custom glass colours, blown vessels and neon tubing. According to the company, the kiln holds three crucibles, which are accessed through nine-inch holes in the lid. The three crucible holes each include a firebrick crucible cover with a wooden handle. The lid, which does not have a hinge, is held in place with four T-handle spring latches and four hand lifts are mounted to the lid. The three-inch thick, K-25 insulating refractory firebrick walls are wrapped with a ceramic fibre blanket between the firebricks and stainless steel case. As with the wall bricks, the K-25 firebrick lid and bottom are three inches thick. The crucibles can be viewed through the tapered peephole in the side of the kiln. An S-Type platinum thermocouple and a mercury relay are standard on the Trifecta kiln. After receiving a signal from the digital controller, the relay sends power to the Page 25 of 116 heating elements. The separate bottom section is held in place with four T-handle spring latches, therefore should a crucible crack during firing and leak glass onto the firebrick bottom, the bottom section can be quickly replaced. D 1282 FACTORY COMPLETES FURNACE REPAIR GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 35 A division of tableware manufacturer Arc International, Arc Glass Melting Solutions (AGMS), has recently carried out the demolition and reconstruction of a soda-lime furnace in one of its subsidiaries. The task was particularly delicate because it was a partial repair. The wear of the bottom paving was assessed in order to eliminate the slabs that had to be changed. The bubblers were alsoredrilled in order to implement new ones with larger AZS carrots. The dam all and throat were dismantled and replaced with new refractories. Each of these jobs were completed in accordance with the existing expansion joints that could be redesigned. The company was required to carry out an efficient repair compatible with strict economical constraints. The complex AZS pieces were machined in its refractory shop in Arques, France. which showed that, in certain cases, this structure could cause serious defects, in that some of the bubbles extended right from the surface of the enamel coat to the metal base. This article attempts to decide, if possible, how this structure originates, and also, attempts to throw some light onto the question of the contents of the bubbles. E 157 LEAD-FREE GLASS PASTES - A BETTER BOND CERAMIC INDUSTRY APRIL 2011 30-32 Due to rapid advances in consumer electronics, automotive electronics and mobile communication, the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) market is growing rapidly. Applications for MEMS cover diverse fields, including automotive, aeronautics, consumer, defence, industrial, medical and life science, and telecommunications. Various MEMS devices require a vacuum level or controlled atmosphere operation to ensure either good performance or an acceptable operation lifetime. Different wafer bonding technologies are commercially used for MEMS packaging. Among these, glass frit bonding offers multiple advantages, such as superior hermeticity, less stringent surface roughness requirements and tailored expansion matching to the materials being joined. ENAMEL FLAT GLASS E 156 FACTORS AFFECTING BUBBLE FORMATION IN VITREOUS ENAMELS VITREOUS ENAMELLER (INAUGURAL PAPER 1948) AUTUMN/10 21-29 The fact that vitreous enamel coats have a bubble-structure has been realised for some considerable time, but the matter was brought back into prominence recently by a paper which Charlish and Heeley gave to the IVE, F 3256 BYSTRONIC GLASS: ENTRY MODEL FOR INDUSTRIAL IG PRODUCTION www.glassonline.com MARCH 2012 Bystronic glass has recently launched the comfort line to the European Market designed for the production of insulating glass. Bernhard Schmitt, Managing Director of Bystronic glass in Neuhausen-Hamberg, Germany states that, "Working with the line is comfortable, quick and precise providing the ideal entry into solution Page 26 of 116 for industrial insulating glass production." He explains: "At the same time, the comfort line allows us to reach out to customers who are searching for an inexpensive opportunity to expand their insulating glass production capacity." 800 gasfilled insulating glass units can be produced in rectangular or shaped formats on the quick line per shift. F 3257 [USA] SUDDEN CLOSURE OF TRAINOR GLASS LIKELY TO CAUSE RIPPLE EFFECT ACROSS THE INDUSTRY GLASS MAGAZINE APRIL 2012 8-9 Trainor Glass Co filed for voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy with the Northern District of Illinois US Bankruptcy Court. Shortly thereafter, the company filed a motion in the case, seeking to use cash collateral and obtain post-petition financing to "pay for the costs of the preservation and orderly liquidation of debtor's assets, and to pay for the costs of administration of the debtor's chapter 11 case," according to court documents. First Midwest Bank, the bank involved in the motion, "agreed to allow Trainor to use a portion of its cash collateral to pay for the prepetition wages due its former noninsider employees, and related payroll obligations in an amount not to exceed US$ 494,000." F 3258 DEGRADATION OF GLASS AND CERAMICS S OLIVER PILKINGTON UK SHREIR's CORROSION 3 2009 2306 2318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978044452787-5.00177-3 Volume 3, Pages 2306 2318 Glass is one of the engineer's most useful and versatile materials. Its properties can be engineered widely in order to provide a range of physical, mechanical, electrical, and optical uses for practically every type of environmental condition. The transparency of glass facilitates inspection of process operations and minimizes the risk of failure due to unsuspected corrosion, while its hardness and smoothness contribute to easy cleaning. The development of glass-ceramic composites has further extended the range of glassy engineering materials. Glass-ceramics combine the formability of glasses with many of the advantageous properties of ceramics and find application by virtue of their strength and high chemical durability particularly at elevated temperatures. This chapter comprises two contributions from the 3rd edition of Shreir: Glass and Glass Ceramics by Oliver and Proctor; and Vitreous Silica by May, which have been combined by the editors, with minor updating, for this current edition. F 3259 FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CRACK AND FALLOUT OF TOUGHENED GLASS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESSES Q XIE ET AL FIRE AND MATERIALS 32 5 2008 293-306 The objective of this work is to analyze the crack and fallout of toughened glass with thicknesses of 6 and 10?mm in enclosure fires. A series of full-scale experiments are conducted in the ISO 9705 fire test room using pool fires with different pan sizes, which are located at the center of the combustion room. The temperature differences between the exposed regions at the fire side and the shaded regions at the ambient side for typical edge positions are measured and compared. The results of both 6- and 10-mm-thick toughened glass suggest that the whole piece of toughened glass cracks and falls out completely when any region of the pane breaks. Relatively large window vents may come into being if the toughened glass breaks. The experimental results also preliminarily show that the critical breakage temperature difference for the 6-mm-thick toughened glass is about 330 380°C, whereas the Page 27 of 116 corresponding values for 10-mm-thick toughened glass are approximately 470 590°C. It is suggested that the critical breakage temperature difference is larger for thicker toughened glass. The experimental phenomena for both 6- and 10-mmthick toughened glass indicate that horizontally partitioning windows into several small panes with frames may be helpful and important to prevent the whole large and tall toughened glass from falling out completely in enclosure fires. F 3260 GLASS & METALS 301 - AN ARCHITECT's GUIDE TO INTERIOR GLASS K DEVLIN GLASS MAGAZINE APRIL 2012 2932 This article, the third part of a series, provides an introductory look at interior glass and the design possibilities it offers for non-residential applications. It also addresses common questions and concerns regarding these types of products. F 3261 UTILISATION OF IMPLODED GLASS IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE J CASSAR & J CAMILLEN UNIVERSITY OF MALTA CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 29 2012 299-307 Land-filling waste has become a problem and a waste in itself. Material that is being land-filled can be reused with minimal processing, reducing demand on natural resources. Concrete is an ideal material for the reuse of glass and other waste materials. Crushed glass has been used as aggregate replacement resulting in a poor bond and concrete exhibiting alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Reduction to finer particles and use as cement replacement produced good quality concrete that did not exhibit ASR. The implosion technology results in waste glass that is easier to handle and of a much better quality to reuse and is thus an improvement over glass crushing. The aim of this study was to compare concretes using waste glass that had been either crushed or imploded, replacing the cement in 10-50% proportions. F 3262 EMIRATES GLASS INAUGURATES Dh160M COATING LINE GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 8 Emirates Glass, a processor of architectural flat glass in Dubai, has opened a Dh160/M post-toughening coating line that aims to boost production capacity to more than 3.5M 3.5M square metres, according to reports. UAE Minister of Economy, Sultan Bin Saeed Al Mansouri, inaugurated the coating line at Emirates Glass, a subsidiary of Glass LLC and wholly-owned by Dubai Investments. Khalid Bin Kalban, MD and CEO of Dubai Investments said: "Reinstating Emirates Glass' position as a pioneer in adopting technological innovations, the new coating line will enable the company to capitalise more effectively ont eh burgeoning demand for energy-efficient architectural glass." Dubai Investments has also announced an investment of Dh1.5BN in four glass factories and plans to invest an additional Dh800M in 201314. The expansion will also include the upgrade of the Emirates float glass facility in Abu Dhabi. F 3263 INK VALIDATION IN PRINTED GLASS GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 58-59 In the March/April edition of Glass Worldwide, Sylvia Muhr discussed the importance of a complete glass printing production line and how automating the cleaning, priming and printing processes is essential for high volumes of glass panel printing. Of greater importance when thinking about investing in glass printing equipment is thorough research into inks and their performance on glass. Page 28 of 116 F 3264 LIFTING HEAVY INSULATED GLAZING UNITS GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 78 With growing demand for triple IG units, the requirements placed on mean and machines in the handling of insulating glass during production become more demanding, as explained in this article. F 3265 AMBITIOUS BUILDING RENOVATION CAN SECURE GROWTH GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 100 The latest statement from Glass for Europe comments that, at EU level, there is growing awareness of the necessity to make new and existing buildings as energy efficient as possible. This translates into two important EU policy instruments; the adoption in 2010 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the current debate on the proposal for an Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). The economic crisis has been crippling the construction sector throughout Europe and is seriously affecting the flat glass and glazing industries. The way out of this difficult situation is known; accelerating the rate of energy efficient renovations of buildings will push the market uptake of added-value glazing solutions. F 3266 [RUSSIA] VIBRANT FLAT GLASS MARKET S SINGH GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 114, 116-118 The production and consumption of flat glass in Russia has exploded in recent times, new float lines having come up one after another. The product range has also improved and there has been a transformation of the competitive environment. The country has the largest flat glass consumption in Easter Europe with around 1.8M/t consumed in 2010. GDP growth, brisk construction and a rapidly developing automotive sector are the main drivers of flat glass consumption in Russia, making it an ideal destination for float glass producers and equipment suppliers, as reported in this article. F 3267 [BRAZIL] ASAHI GLASS MAY EXPAND FACTORY BUILD GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY/12 5 Asahi Glass is considering expanding a factory it has recently started constructing in Brazil in order to double the facility's planned output of automotive glass, according to reports. The company anticipates a strong increase in local demand for glass as the nation's middle class grows and more car manufacturers build vehicles in teh region. "We are prepared to boost production capacity," said President, Kazuhiko Ishimura. "We hope to do so early, in 2015 or later," he added. The factory, which is being built in the state of Sao Paulo, will reportedly begin shipments in the JulySeptember quarter of 2013. Under the initial plan, the facility was planned to have the capacity to produce 220,000/t construction glass annually. It was also expected to produce automotive glass for 500,000 vehicles/pa. The company is now considering raising the target to 1M vehicles/pa. F 3268 LOW-EMISSIVITY GLASS HAS A SILVER LINING GLASS INTERNAITONAL MAY 2012 29-31 Due to environmental legislation aimed at reducing carbon emissions and energy use, the international building community is striving to achieve netzero energy carbon neutral buildings. This article details the benefits of triple-silver, solar control, low- Page 29 of 116 emissivity coatings on architectural glass and presents evidence of the environmental qualities through an independent survey. F 3269 ASIA: THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND AUTOMOTIVE GLASS GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 32-35 Due to rising costs in the West, Asia has become a desirable location for glass manufacturers. Along with growing demand in the domestic automobile market, this has resulted in an influx of automotive glass producers moving to the region, as well as the expansion of established players. This article provides an overview of the automotive glass industry in China, Japan and India, highlighting some of the major manufacturers and their recent development. F 3270 DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY DECORATES GLASS INSTALLATIONS GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 36 DuPont SentryGlas Expressions, used by Sharda Glass Digital, is a new technology for decorative glazing that brings together the power of digital printing and imaging on glass. It provides a way of incorporating dramatic photography or artwork into glass through the use of interlayers, which are digitally printed in high definition, using proprietary ink jet and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer technology. The technology is aimed at enabling virtually any image to be reproduced in vibrant colour and introduced into glass. The product meets ANZI Z97 specifications for safety glass and can be incorporated into a range of glass applications, including entry doors, overhead glazing, balustrades and office partitions. For more information, please visit: www.shardaglass.co.uk F 3271 GLASS IS KING IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 37-38 With a continuing trend towards using glass in building design, architects are tasked with creating aesthetic quality, while ensuring efficiency and comfort. This article explores the problems associated with using glass facades and how these can be overcome through planning and technological developments. F 3272 [CHINA] DROP IN DEMAND FOR FLOAT GLASS GLASS-TECH INT 2/2012 24 According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Economy (NDRC), market demand for float glass in China is poor. However, demand for building materials in China continued to experience strong growth in 2011, despite the tightening of government action and, to some extent, slow demand from the housing market. Production in the flat glass sector is damaged by excess capacity, therefore, duplicates construction problems. The main consumer of flat glass - the private housing sector began to cool rapidly in China due to government measures such as a ban on the purchase of homes and stricter requirements for advanced payment for the last two years.Prices for flat glass fell 27% in December/11 compared to the same period 2010. In late 2011, stocks of flat glass were up 26.6% compared to the same period 2010. Manufacturers of flat glass saw profits fall 80.3% year on year - to CNY 1.47BN in the first 11 months of 2011. NDRC announced October 2011 that it would take action in respect of national projects to build capacity of flat glass to curb over- Page 30 of 116 production of glass. The demand for flat glass depends on the pace of the housing sector as main consumer of the material. F 3273 LANDGLASS - ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS - COMBINED FORCED CONVECTION GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 2/2012 46-48 Landglass has, over the years, introduced many new products to the market, some of which are quite influential, such as bending tempering furnaces for auto sidelites, jumbo-size bending tempering furnaces for architectural glass, double curvature bending tempering furnaces and jet heating furnaces, to name a few. In this article, the company presents its most recent development - combined tempering furnaces - which can, says the company, eliminate quality defects such as optical deformation (waviness), spherical bending of thin glass, hot spots on thick glass, white haze and glass breaking inside the furnace. F 3274 ARCHITECTURE AND GLASS: EFFICIENT INTERPLAY GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 2/2012 86-91 At international level, modern architecture is, to a key extent, influenced by spacious glass facades, which create not only maximum transparency, but also assume diverse functions to ensure efficiency and convenient utilisation. Their use, however, is not entirely without problems, which can be caused by cold air in the winter and overheating in the summer. All aspects need to be thought through and controlled carefully before installation, as described in this paper. F 3275 MARKET DYNAMICS OF MATERIALS SUPPLY FOR PV IN CHINA M THIRSK LINX CONSULTING, USA PHOTOVOLTAICS, MAY 2012 40, 4244 China has become the largest manufacturing base for crystalline silicon modules in the world, and is becoming increasingly reliant on a domestic supply base. This article discusses the emergence of local supply chains and the strategic response of global suppliers to this domestic competition. It proceeds to review a set of conclusions from four case studies of formulated material supply within China that can apply to the supply-chain participants in the PV industry, concluding with some strategic considerations for suppliers on the cusp of entering the Chinese market. F 3276 THE SIKA EXPERIENCE - PART 2: BIGGER, BETTER, BRIGHTER BONDED INTELLIGENT GLASS SOLUTIONS 2/2012 73-81 Part one of The Sika Experience (IGS Spring 2012) introduced readers to the students and experts as they travelled to IG manufacturing plants and science laboratories across Europe to get a better understanding about the evolution of "Bonded Window Systems." Now, in part two, the critical factors driving this technology are revealed, with a special focus on the transformational impact of advanced bonding solutions for the production of double and triple glazed insulating glass units (IGUs). Bigger glass panes, better adhesive strength, brighter interior spaces. Through R&D Sika is well positioned in readiness for the imminent market upswing. F 3277 [VIETNAM[ NSG DELAYS FLOAT LINE CONSTRUCTION ASIAN GLASS APRIL-MAY 2012 11 Following a review of demand and capacity in the supply of products for the touch panel market, officials at the NSG Group have decided to delay the Page 31 of 116 company's plans to build a float line in Veitnam to manufacture value-added thin glass, according to a news release. A revised timetable for the project will be determined in due course. NSG Ultra Fine Flat glass (UFF) products are increasingly being used in the growing touch panel market, particularly in mobile devices and computers. The group is confident that it will be able to meet near to medium-term demand from its existing production facilities. The decision follows the company's announcement December 2011 of a delay in plans to build a line in Vietnam for the production of glass for the solar energy sector. F 3278 [CHINA] IGU OUTPUT CONTINUES TO RISE ASIAN GLASS APRIL-MAY 2012 12 Figures obtained by Asian Glass have confirmed a steady increase in insulated glass output over the last year in China with a rise of 13.5%, to 40.8M sq/m. F 3279 GUARDIAN - LOOKING AT INDIAN OPPORTUNITIES www.glassonline.com JULY 2012 A recently published article reported Guardian Industries had joined forces with Modi Group to set up a glass factory in India's Malanpur Ghirongi industrial area. Responding to this article, Guardian Glass Group President Scott Thomsen said: "Guardian has maintained a fruitful relationship with the Modi Group in India since we built the country's first float plant together in Gujarat in 1993. Through the years, we have established a good reputation in the Indian glass business even as it has continued to grow at a rapid rate. We can confirm the report that we have acquired property in India and also that we are continuing to look at the best opportunities to increase our business in the country. In fact, that's true throughout the world: Guardian is always assessing opportunities for growth." Guardian officials noted that while they could confirm the property acquisition, other details were "premature." F 3280 US CONSTRUCTION HIGHEST SINCE DECEMBER 2009 www.glassonline.com JULY 2011 The value of US construction for the 12 months to the end of May 2012 totalled USD 830 billion - the highest since December 2009. The figure was also up +7.0% compared to a year ago and was a +0.9% increase on April 2012. The gains compared to 2011 were slightly higher in the nonresidential segment, which increased +7.4%. However, a +2.9% rise in residential activity from April saw this sub-sector go up +6.2% in May compared to the position in May 2011. Publicly funded construction dropped 3.9% compared to last year to USD 269 billion, with the most significant decrease regarding the residential sector. In contrast, privately funded construction increased +13.1% yearon-year, thanks particularly to surges in multi-family residential building, lodging, educational, manufacturing and power infrastructure construction. The private non-residential sector, at almost USD 300 billion, was up +18.6% from a year ago. F 3281 NSG: REDUCTION IN FLOAT GLASS PRODUCTION CAPACITY www.glassonline.com JULY 2012 According to two recent announcements from the NSG Group, float glass production capacity in North America and in Europe is to be reduced. The two lines in question are located at Laurinburg, North Carolina, US, and Porto Marghera, Venice, Italy. The NSG Group has decided to reduce its float glass production capacity in North America. One of the two float lines at the Group's plant in Laurinburg, North Carolina, US will be idled. This process is expected to be completed between August and Page 32 of 116 September 2012. It is intended that production will recommence on this line when market conditions permit. The Group is taking action to reduce capacity and output to match the requirements of its customers. F 3282 ADVANCED SOLAR PHOTONICS INTRODUCES LINE OF GLASS-TOGLASS CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES www.glassonline.com JULY 2012 Advanced Solar Photonics, LLC (ASP), an American manufacturer of photovoltaic (PV) equipment and provider of turnkey alternative energy systems, is introducing a line of next generation glass-to-glass PV modules at Intersolar North America 2012 at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, CA. The dual sided glass module (G2G) series will include a range of products featuring bifacial cells, framed and frameless construction, and optical tracking front sheets with micro lenses. G2G PV solar panels feature thinner tempered glass, which reduces the distance light travels, thereby increasing overall module efficiency 10%. To further increase efficiency, ASP modules feature a holographic material sandwiched between the silicon and EVA layers maximizing the time per day they can generate electricity from the sun. F 3283 NSG WARNS OF DIFFICULT FUTURE ASIAN GLASS JUNE/JULY 2012 7 Nippon Sheet Glass Co has said it slid into a net loss for the fiscal year ended March and warned of deeper trouble ahead, soaking up restructuring costs to offset the impact of Europe's economic weakness on its core construction and auto glass operations. The bleak outlook underlines the challenges facing new management at Japan's second biggest glassmaker by sales as it seeks to accelerate a shakeout of noncore assets and staffing following the abrupt resignation of former CE Craig Naylor recently. The company reported a net loss of Y2.82BN. Restructuring charges this year will mount to Y19BN, the company said. American executive Naylor, stepped down less than two years into the job over still unexplained "fundamental disagreements" on strategy to turn around the company, which announced a programme of 3,500 job cuts in February in an effort to tackle costs. F 3284 SAINT-GOBAIN MOVES ON SMART GLASS WINDOWS ASIAN GLASS JUNE/JULY 2012 20 Saint-Gobain recently announced it is to take control of Faribault-based (USA) Sage Electrochromics, in a deal that could accelerate sales of Sage's innovative "smart glass" windows. The company has said that it will buy the 50% of Sage it doesn't already own. The company bought half of Sage for US$80M in cash in 2010, and the two companies combined their electrochromic glass research, marketing and manufacturing efforts. Sage, which employs about 125 people, will become a subsidiary of Saint-Gobain, but will remain based in Faribault, where it is completing a US $150M factory. F 3285 [USA] PPG TO EXPAND SOLAR GLASS ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 20 Due to growing demand, PPG Industries is expanding production capabilities at its flat glass manufacturing facility in Salem, Oregon, to include higher volumes of its "Solarphire" AR anti-reflective and "2XAR" two-sided, anti-reflective glass for PV module manufacturers based primarily ont he West Coast. "With the new capabilities at Salem and Fresno, we can now produce Solarphire PV glass at Fresno then ship it to Salem for the addition of an anti-reflective coating." said Richard A Beuke, PPG Vice President, flat glass. "That enables us not just to accelerate internal production, but to respond Page 33 of 116 more quickly and with a broader range of products to solar industry customers throughout the western US. It also enables soar customers to further reduce the carbon foot print of solar cell manufacturing." The company said that it expected to offer next day delivery for stock items in California, Arizona and Nevada. F 3286 GUARDIAN INTRODUCES SOLADIGM ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 22 Guardian Industries and Soladigm, a manufacturer of highly energy-efficient dynamic glass for buildings, recently announced that the companies are working together to market and sell Soladigm Dynamic Glass in the commercial buildings sector. The partnership positions Soladigm for global adoption of its dynamic glass product and provides Guardian with an innovative architectural glass technology for its customers. Guardian will incorporate Soladigm's Dynamic Glass product into its SunGuard(R) advanced architectural glass protfolio of solutions with the introduction of a SunGuard EC product line. Guardian SunGuard will also integrate the new product into its Build with Light(R) marketing program, an initiative that connects architects, glaziers and select fabricators with its product line. Soladigm utilises electrochromic technology to switch from clear to tinted on demand, and enables control of heat and glare in buildings while providing greater comfort, uninterrupted views, and natural daylight. It can also significantly reduce heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy usage in commercial buildings, in particular during times of peak load. F 3287 [IRAN] THE SOLAR REVOLUTION? CAN IRAN ADOPT A NEW ENERGY STANCE? ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 2829, 30, 33, 35 This article presents an overview of Iran's fledgling solar industry and discusses how it is fighting to grab a greater piece of the action. F 3288 BULLS IN THE BEAR's MARKET RUSSIAN FLAT GLASS LOOKS TOWARDS EXPANDED HORIZONS ASIAN GLASS APRIL-MAY 2012 57, 59-60, 63 The construction sector, which is the main flat glass consumer, is experiencing great difficulty in overcoming the recession. In this context, it is extremely difficult to forecast construction market developments, however, Lev Shakhnes, from the Union of Glass Companies, discusses the expanding prospects on the horizon for Russia's flat glass sector. F 3289 BUILDING WITH THE SUN - CAN INDIAN BIPV MARKETS PROVIDE A SOLAR BOOM? Y MALIK ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 6465, 67, 69 In this article the author discusses why India's solar mission is not placing great demands on the country's burgeoning BIPV potential. F 3290 SAINT-GOBAIN CITES US RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION AS SALES INCREASE GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 7 Saint-Gobain has reported first quarter 2012 sales of 10.2BN Euros, up 3.7% from quarter one, 2011. According to the company, it saw double-digit organic growth in the USA, driven by businesses linked to residential construction. "Amid an uncertain economic climate and despite a particularly tough basis for comparison, Saint-Gobain delivered further organic growth in the first quarter of 2012," said Pierre-Andre de Page 34 of 116 Chalendar, Chairman and CEO. Sales of flat glass fell 5.6% in the quarter, reflecting the slowdown in Asia and emerging countries, the contraction in solar markets and the EU automotive industry, and faltering construction activity in Western Europe. F 3291 [USA] GUARDIAN INTRODUCES WINDSCREEN RECYCLING GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 7 In an effort to protect the environment and help its customers reduce waste costs, Guardian Automotive Products is now offering windscreen recycling through its nationwide distribution centres. "We are excited about our new green initiative," said Scott Billings, Director of Distribution Operations. "Windscreen recycling is a win/win - we're doing the right thing for hte environment by keeping windscreens out of landfills and we're helping our customers reduce their waste costs," he added. Customers can return damaged windscreens to be recycled to four of the company's 12 distribution centres in the USA: Detroit, Cincinnati, Findlay (OH), and Atlanta. The remaining facilities are planned to offer this service later in 2012. F 3292 [CHINA] WANSHENG FLOAT GLASS - SECOND LINE STARTS PRODUCTION GLASS-TECH INT 3/12 26 Wansheng Float Glass Co, located in the Wansheng Economic Development Zone, has started up its second production line, therefore increasing the city's glass sheet supply, as well as providing support to the development of the auto industry. Wansheng is a subsidiary of Fuyao Glass Group, the largest automatic glass manufacturer in China, a prject worth CNY 900M and involving two float glass lines with 1200/tpd. The company will supply raw materials for auto glass parts and energy-saving glass. The first float glass line began production in 2011, and has a CNY 150M annual output. This second line means it can achieve "locally made" auto glass in Chongquing this year, reducing production costs. The per ton price of auto glass and building glass offered by Wansheng will be reduced by CNY 300-400. On completion, the firm will produce some 350,000/tpa, making annual output of CNY 700M. F 3293 SAFETY GLASS EXPERTS: HOW TO CONTROL PROCESS REPEATABILITY IN SERIAL BENDING M ERONEN SAFETY GLASS EXPORTS OY LTD, FINLAND GLASS-TECH INT 3/12 54-57 In this day and age, and especially due to the strong environmental issues and difficult financial situation around the world, we are often obliged to look for the best way of proceeding bearing in mind too energy costs and savings - trying to eliminate waste as much as possible while ensuring constant quality and repeatability. In this article, we are shown how this can be done, not only by the perfect use of automation, but also by the correct understanding of set-up operations and processing parameters as well as, of course, operator training. F 3294 CONTINUING THE TREND TOWARDS GLASS IN INTERIOR ZONES GLASS-TECH INT 3/12 89-92 For facades, glass has long since gained status as preferred material. Refined into high-performance functional glass, the transparent material takes on various functions in the building shell. It offers protection from heat, sunlight and noise, directs light to specific areas in rooms, and thanks to its unique transparency facilities light, open architectural design. In addition, glass also offers nearly unlimited design options. Glass can be transparent, translucent or Page 35 of 116 opaque. It can create architectural accents through colour and individual designs and fulfil the toughest security requirements, at the same time. No other facade material offers a similar scope of design possibilities. GENERAL G 3975 IARC - EXPOSURES IN THE GLASS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/ vol58/mono58-4.html There are five main sectors in the glass manufacturing industry: flat glass, container and pressed ware, art glass, special glass (e.g. optical, ophthalmic, electronic) and fibre glass (which is not considered here). The basic steps in the manufacture of glass products are melting, fining, homogenization, annealing and forming. Art and special glasses are produced by pot processes, involving manual batch handling. Art glass production has changed little with time and, for the most part, still involves blowing by mouth. During the twentieth century, the production of flat glass and container glass has evolved from traditional batch processes to highly automated processes. The modern production of flat glass is the most highly automated and usually utilizes tank melting with the continuous feeding of batch ingredients and the float (Pilkington) process for forming. The production of containers and pressed ware has also become increasingly mechanized, with mechanical blowing or pressing of the molten glass. Exposure to lead, arsenic and antimony oxides occurs primarily in sectors of the industry where traditional, non-mechanized techniques are used, such as in the production of crystal and other art glasses. Other potential exposures in glass manufacture include silica, asbestos, other metal oxides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. G 3976 TAKING GLASS INTO THE FUTURE WITH VISIONARY APPLICATIONS V HOTAR TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LIBEREC GLASS INTERNATIONAL MARCH 2012 19-20, 23-24, 26 Following the first instalment in the last issue of Glass International, Vladimir Hotar continues his analysis of the worldwide glass industry (all sectors), this time focusing on visions in glass applications that could take the material into the future. G 3977 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO FOREHEARTH OPERATION J GROESSLER & R SIMS NIKOLAUS SORG & CO, GERMANY GLASS INTERNATIONAL MARCH 2012 27-29 Glass conditioning takes place in the distributor (sometimes called the working end) and the forehearths. It is a given that poor glass conditioning will result in poor production. This article offers practical advice for efficient forehearth operation, along with details of the processes involved. G 3978 MAINTAINING STABILITY IN A TOUGHENING FURNACE ENVIRONMENT G RANCOULE VESUVIUS, FRANCE GLASS INTERNATIONAL MARCH 2012 44-45 The quality of the glass product is linked to the cleanliness of the furnace environment. In this article the author examines how to maintain stable working conditions during thermal toughening, in an effort to reduce dustoriginated defects. G 3979 MINERALS BRACED FOR BUMPY 2012 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS FEB/2012 10-11 This article takes a look at the prospects for industrial minerals through this year. The only lesson to remember in 2012 is that it is going to Page 36 of 116 be another volatile ride for industrial minerals prices, dragged down by the EU debt crisis and worries over China's property bubble, but it is not without its bright spots. This time last year it seemed like the industrials minerals market was steadily recovering from the 2008 financial crisis and was hitting an up-cycle. However, the Arab Spring (including the war in Libya), the Japanese earthquake and the EU debt crisis put and end to that. And continuing protests in Russia, Syria, Kazakhstan and Nigeria (among other countries) are adding to geopolitical risk. G 3980 NEW PLAYERS EMERGE TO CHALLENGE CHINA RARE EARTH DOMINANCE INDUSTRIAL MINERALS FEB/2012 20-22 The security of access to rare earth elements continues to be uncertain in 2012, as the vast majority of global supply remains under Chinese state control. This article examines the current supply situation and discusses new project developments challenging China's rare earth dominance. G 3981 WHO OWNS THE MINERALS? INDUSTRIAL MINERALS APRIL 2012 26 The 12 October, 2013 marks an important step forward for any party in England and Wales seeking to establish a mineral title. On this date, manorial interests will cease to have overriding status under the transitional provisions enacted by the Land Registration Act 2002. The practical effect of this is that unless manorial rights are registered at the Land Registry, they will be of no effect against successors in title to the surface of the land. This article takes a look at these important changes. G 3982 GLASS MELTING TECHNOLOGY: A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT GMIC (USA) & US DoE 2004 http://www.osti.gov/glass/Special%20 Reports/Glass%20melting%20tech%2 0assessment.pdf The goal of the project, Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic Assessment, is to create a common base of knowledge on which future technology might be developed for one of the nation s most important industries. The objectives of this study were to better understand the issues that face the US glass industry, particularly with regard to current melting technologies; to identify the factors that will motivate the industry to adopt new technology for commercial glass melting; and to analyze the barriers that have stifled technical innovation and change. One of the major barriers to finding common goals to advance glass melting technology has been the division of the glass industry into four major segments, each with its own requirements, products, and processing methods. To obtain a broad vision of the total industry, the study focused on the larger segments of the glass industry that represent more than 90% of all container, flat, textile and insulation fiber, and the major segments of specialty glass, i.e., lighting, TV and tableware. This report represents the collective efforts of glass scientists, engineers and manufacturers, organizations, academic institutions, technical librarians and automation specialists. Experienced glass engineers, scientists and manufacturers gave willingly of their time and experience to help the authors assess the challenges that face the glass industry as a whole. Personnel and institutions throughout the United States, Europe and Asia generously provided information vital to this study. Professional technical librarians and research scientists conducted exhaustive literature and patent searches that resulted in over 500 technical articles and over 300 patents that been categorized and evaluated, making this an invaluable reference Page 37 of 116 tool. The experimental work of glass scientists and engineers provided a record of the innovations in glassmelting technological innovations that have been developed but, for economic and technical reasons, not implemented over the last quarter of the past century. The report can be downloaded in full from the abovementioned link. G 3983 USABLE GLASS STRENGTH COALITION: PATIENCE, PERSEVERANCE AND PROGRESS L MATTOS COCA-COLA, USA AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 4 2012 2229 Glass always gets a bad reputation for two perceived deficiencies: Its' heavy and its breakable. People often prefer not to have a glass bottle or cup because they are afraid they might drop and break it. Or, they say its easier to work with a lighter-weight product. These criticisms apply to many glass products, whether it is bottles, or architectural designs. However, in the materials community, we know that glass is actually very strong. We hear and say all the time, "Glass is actually stronger than steel." The reality is, we have all seen a table of theoretical vs usable strength of glass, but know that once glass articles are made, everything done to them decreases the strength. In that end, glass articles have about 0.5% of the material's intrinsic strength. This article takes an in-depth look at the different ways various glass types can be strengthened and also shows a case study on building an industryuniversity-government coalition, which was presented by Lou Mattos at the 2011 Ceramic Leadership Summit. G 3984 HIGH-PULL FOREHEARTHS MEET HIGH EXPECTATIONS GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 19-20, 22 With the current focus on glass manufacturing in Mexico, this article provides a case study on the introduction of high-pull foreherarths at a plant in the state of Queretaro, Mexico. An overview of the cooling concept involved also highlights how the forehearth design is aimed at reaching high efficiency in thermal homogeneity. G 3985 TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ELECTRIC MELTING FURNACES GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 23-27 This article by Stanislava Kasa, from the Department of Glass & Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, compares an all-electric and a fuel-fired furnace, offering a thorough evaluation of both types in order to determine which is more advantageous in terms of operation. G 3986 ELECTRIC MELTING: IT's ALL IN THE PLANNING W BOCK BOCK ENERGIETECHNIK, GERMANY GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 28-29 When heating with electrodes, it is imperative to achieve the best possible temperature and the desired convection, in order to guarantee glass of good homogeneity. This article highlights the benefits of all-electric melting and how efficiency can be increased with a boosting system. G 3986 MOLYBDENUM ELECTRODES FOR A SUPERIOR MELT GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 30-32 Although molybdenum has enjoyed widespread use in glass melting for years, the high-temperature metallurgical processing required to produce glass melting electrodes has remained relatively unknown. In this article, the author looks at the properties of molybdenum, the production processes used and its performance in glass melting. Page 38 of 116 G 3987 XRF - A GOOD INDICATOR OF QUALITY GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 57-58, 60, 62-63 As the properties of glass are determined by its chemical constitution, accurate analysis is important for quality control. In this article the author looks at the benefits of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as an analytical tool, which can be used for routine and relatively nondestructive chemical analyses of glass and raw materials. G 3988 INSPECTION SOLUTIONS ARE INFRARED-HOT GLASS INTERNATIONAL APRIL 2012 65-67 Infrared technology is widely used in glassmaking for hot end inspection and process control. In this article, Xpar Vision demonstrates it's infrared machinery products, which are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of hot end inspection and forming processes. G 3989 ONLINE CALCULATOR PREDICTS CO2 EMISSIONS GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 6 Air Products has launched an online tool to help glass producers compare their CO2 emissions against the latest benchmarks and calculate how much emissions can be reduced using the company's Cleanfire technologies. As well as encouraging more installations to improve their environmental performance, glass producers could find that switching to oxy-fuel burner technology brings significant efficiency benefits. The tool will help glassmakers prepare for the third phase of the EU ETS legislation, due to be implemented from January 2013. For more information, please visit: www.airproducts.co.uk G 3990 ADVANCED MELTING TECHNOLOGIES IN PRINT GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 10 "Advanced Melting Technologies with Submerged Combustion" (ISBN: 9784349-9463-9) is the title of a recently published book by L S Pioro et al, devoted to the development and design of advanced melting technologies with submerged combustion. Published by RoseDog Publishing Co of Pittsburgh, USA, the book's objective is to compile and summarise the findings and experiences of scientists and engineers from various research organisations and companies in this area worldwide. The book comprises 10 chapters and 420 pages, covering the development, design, testing and industrial application of various advanced melting technologies with Submerged Combustion Melters (SCMs) for the production of materials for the building industry from metallurgical slag; coal slag and ash from coal-fired thermal power plants; fuming of slags of non-ferrous metals; melting silicate materials; production of mineral wool; production of molten defluorinated phosphates for agriculture; pyrohydrolysis of fluorinecontaining wastes; and the production of expanded clay aggregate for lightweight concrete from nonselfbloating clays. Eight appendices contain additional material related to submerged combustion. The book is intended for specialists, engineers, designers, researchers and scientists working in heat engineering, power, chemical, metallurgical and building industries, environment protection and other areas where non-ferrous melting apparatuses and gas burners are used. G 3991 COMBINED ANNEALING AND TEMPERING STRENGTH V MAIA VIDROMECANICA, PORTUGAL GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 50-51 Portugal's Vidromecanica offers an extensive range of advanced Page 39 of 116 annealing and tempering technologies for the glass industry. Having developed this know-how over the years, the company produces its own high performance equipment. Inhouse developed software accurately calculates temperatures and working speeds, following the characteristics and dimensions of the glassware handled. Using the annealing, decorating and toughening curves indicated, it is possible to achieve good energy economy, efficiency and performance, as described in this article. G 3992 GLASS FURNACE SIMULATION GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 52, 54, 56 Mathematical computer modeling can be used to determine the optimum furnace length-by-width ratio, as described in this article. G 3993 CONTROLLED BUBBLING FOR COLOUR CHANGE EFFICIENCY G STUART ELECTROGLASS, UK GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 60 Many glass container manufacturers will agree that carrying out a colour change can present problems with prolonged glass defects as the old colour is gradually flushed out of the furnace, working end and forehearths. This is particularly an issue when going from a dark composition to a lighter one, and can lead to defects as the colder, darker glass becomes entrained from areas such as the corners of the throat and any areas where there is a transition in depth or direction. In this article the author, Grahame Stuart, or Electroglass, discusses the employment of precision controlled bubbling for colour change efficiency in glass containers. G 3994 SMART THYRISTOR CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC BOOST R MEULEMAN & S RUTKOWSKI INVENSYS, THE NETHERLANDS GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 66, 68, 70 In this article, the authors explain the different methods for controlling power with semiconductors (thyristors) and consider how possible negative side effects, like reactive power, peak power demand and harmonic distortion can be solved through smart methods of control. G 3995 CORD TESTING USING THERMAL SHOCK: VIRTUE OR VICE? G L SMAY & H M DIMMICK AMERICAN GLASS RESEARCH, USA GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 72, 74, 76 Cord is defined as a streak of glass whose composition differs from the bulk glass. Due to these compositional differences, certain properties such as thermal expansion, viscosity and density are affected. The most important of these is the coefficient of expansion as it controls the generation of stresses in both the cord streak and the surrounding glass. This article discusses the detection, measurement and testing of cord in glass and the merits or otherwise of using abraded thermal shock tests. G 3996 INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS DIRECTIVE IMPACTS EU GLASSMAKERS G TACKELS GLASS ALLIANCE EUROPE GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 92-95 The Directive on industrial emissions 2010/75/EU (IED) was adopted in November 2010 and was published in the OJ a month later. It replaces the former IPPC directive. In this article, Guy Tackels considers the directive's impact on the EU glass industry. G 3997 ENERGY SAVINGS - THE FORGOTTEN THIRD S KAHL Page 40 of 116 ARDAGH GROUP, THE NETHERLANDS GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 96, 98-99 It is a well-known fact that the production of glass is an energyintensive process. Melting glass from mineral raw materials and cullet demands high temperatures and at least with currently applied melting technology, long residence times to create a final product that fulfils increasing customer demands for quality. Because of the vital economic interest to reduce cost - and driven by the public demand to reduce energy consumption (especially the CO2 footprint), the glass container industry has done a lot to improve energy efficiency over the last 20 years. In this article, Sven-Roger Kahl from Ardagh Glass Group considers energy savings in the container industry beyond melting. G 3998 9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COATINGS ON GLASS AND PLASTICS GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 106 Following the last eight successful International Conference on Coatings on Glass & Plastics events, the 9th ICGC will be held from 24-28 June 2012 in the Chasse Theatre, Breda, The Netherlands. The ICCG International Organising Committee and local organiser, TNO, expects this conference to create an opportunity to bring together more than 400 scientists, technologists, practitioners and managers from universities, institutes, coating manufacturers, materials and equipment suppliers and user industries worldwide to discuss the latest developments in the field of coatings on glass and plastics. G 3999 CLEANER FUELS: A COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 13-14 With such an emphasis on greener glassmaking, Jan Viduna, EU Industry Manager for Glass with Air Products UK, explains how converting from airfuel to oxy-fuel burners can have a significant effect on reducing energy consumption, as one Czech company has discovered. G 4000 [RARE-EARTHS] LARGE DEPOSIT OF NEODYMIUM DISCOVERED IN BRAZIL AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 5 2012 8 A story on Mining.com reports that the Brazilian mining company, World Mineral Resources, has discovered a large reserve of neodymium in the state of Bahia, brazil. According to the story, the deposit will yield about 28M/t of neodymium and is worth around US$ 8.4BN. This is the first discovery of neodymium in Brazil, and its potential is second only to China's Baotu deposit, the world's largest concentration of this rare-earth element. It is difficult to find rare-earth minerals deposits that are large enough to mine economically. The story reports that the going rate for neodymium is around US$ 300,000/t and that the global market for the element is worth US$ 5BN. G 4001 [FORMING] HOW CAN THE BDF DUAL AXIAL COOLING LET ME GO LIGHTER? GMPA 1/12 36-38 Glass containers have some known and unquestioned advantages: they are natural, hygienic, impermeable, durable and also aesthetically fashionable and pleasing. However, this no longer seems enough and strong competition from alternative materials such as PET and cans, in terms of costs and lightness, has pushed the glass container industry more and more to go beyond the limits inherent to the actual productive process. While maintaining the characteristics of stability and resistance, the production of lighter glass containers introduces some Page 41 of 116 important benefits: Reduced consumption of raw materials; less thermal and compressed air energy used in the process; reduced costs related to the transport, moving and stocking of the containers and, if we also consider an additional increase in the percentage of recycled raw materials, the important reduction in environmental impact can be appreciated ina bout 15% savings in CO2 emissions. While maintaining quality, efficiency, speed and operational costs, container weight reduction can be formally achieved by means of improved control of process parameters, mainly with timing and temperature distribution, during gob forming and in the steps of loading, preforming, reheating and forming. G 4002 [FORMING] BIS - BEST FROM NIS AND AIS GMPA 1/12 40-41 The new BIS from Emhart Glass, is an innovative, full servo-electric small IS section, and was introduced at Glasstec in 2010. This article explains the reasons and driving forces behind this latest development, gives more details of its specification and benefits for potential future BIS users. As a high performance, extremely flexible IS machine, covering an outstanding ware range, the BIS will outperform today's small-section IS machines. There is high probability that it will supersede the majority of today's relatively imprecise pneumatic driven IS machines. The same will certainly accrue as for food packaging equipment, where pneumatic driven mechanical machines have been superseded by servo electric machines. G 4003 [CHINA] GLASS INDUSTRY MARKET 2011 GMPA 2/12 46-54 One of the fastest global markets in all sectors, this article gives us an idea of the glass industry in China, looking at the various sectors, and concentrating more in detail on hollow glass. Products, machinery used for their manufacture, along with the sectors they are used in are discussed. Companies involved are also presented. G 4004 [CONFERENCES] GLASSEXPO 2012 www.glassonline.com JULY 2012 This year s edition of GlassExpo will be held at the IEC Crocus Expo, in Moscow, Russia, 27-29 November 2012. GlassExpo 2011 brought together over 120 companies from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Germany, Italy and Poland. 16,000 customers of various sectors of the economy of Russia: glass, construction, food, chemical, medical, furniture, utilities and transport sector, wholesale buyers lighting, art glass, glass houses, glassware and crystal, architectural institutes, workshops, design offices and designers, service providers and others came to our show to watch the glass industry products and negotiate contracts. GlassExpo 2012 will present main areas such as: glass products for various industries - technology and equipment, machinery and tools for glass production and processing - raw materials for glass melting, refractory materials - measuring, control technology - engineering, consulting, research and services in the glass industry. For 10 years, the exhibition has had, as its main exhibitors, wellknown manufacturers of glass, manufacturers of machinery and equipment for the glass industry, technology providers working with glass, the production of refractory products, construction and repair of glass furnaces. G 4005 [SODA ASH] INDIAN INDUSTRY SEEKS CUTS IN CUSTOMS DUTY ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 14, 17 This article examines the Indian glass sector, which consists of four main Page 42 of 116 segments, namely: container glass; speciality glass; flat glass; and fibre glass. The article discusses recent price hikes in India due to the increasing costs of raw materials. Container glass is the largest segment, followed by speciality glass, then flat glass and lastly, fibre. In the last few years, the Indian glass industry has been growing across all segments with growth driven primarily by India's growing automotive and construction sectors. The container glass industry benefits from growing awareness on account of rising hygienic packaging demand, growing population, increasing per capita income of average Indians and low per capital glass consumption. The per capita glass consumption in India for container glass is 1.2,g, which offers tremendous scope for increase. During the quarter ending December 2011, profitability of the glass and glass products sector was dampened due to the pressure on margins. The margins of many major players were impacted mainly due to the rise in raw material costs and increases in power and fuel costs. The price of soda ash is a major cost in the raw material sector. Higher costs of input, particularly soda ash, which contributes about 30% of cost of production of glass products, is one of the major factors contributing to the higher cost of glass and glassware. G 4006 SiC LOSES MOMENTUM AMID VOLATILE DEMAND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 19-20 The cautious optimism surrounding silicon carbide (SiC) as it joined the global economy in its tenuous 2010 rebound was it seems, well-advised. While some markets and regions (such as photovoltaic cells and China, respectively) have shown signs of promising growth for the ultra-hard solid phase mineral, others have weakened significantly, with demand dropping off or even becoming obsolete. G 4007 RARE EARTHS MARCH TOWARDS SUPPLY DIVERSITY INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 28-33 As China continues to hold the whip hand on rare earths, so the need to develop new sources becomes evermore critical, as this article reports. G 4008 RARE EARTHS: THE POLITICS AND POLICY V NICOLETOPOULOS NATURAL RESOURCES GP CONSULTING SERVICES INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 34-39 International public policies regarding rare earths have centred around the basic question: "What are the Chinese trying to do?" In this article, the author discusses Chinese concerns and policies and investigates just how smartly the rest of the world is reacting. G 4009 FELDSPAR's FUTURE IN FLUX A FEYTIS INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 40-44 According to this article from Industrial Minerals, the feldspar industry, which largely serves glass and ceramic sectors, is balancing uncertain markets in the west with growth prospects in the east. G 4010 [RARE EARTH ORES] DOES IT HAVE TO COST THE EARTH? IND MINERALS JULY 2012 50-51 As the rare earth industry continues to monitor Chinese exports and the progress of new projects, Industrial Minerals reviews a back-to-basics perspective on processing rare earth ores. G 4011 [PRICE BRIEFING] MINERAL PRICES DROP AS DEMAND WANES IN CHINA Page 43 of 116 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 54-55 Latest news regarding industrial mineral prices is reported in this article. Headlines are: Chromite pushed down by muted stainless steel market; Soda ash falters on low market demand; SiC prices expected to climb; Fluorospar remains stable. G 4012 WINDOW ON THE USA ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 6465 Tables are shown (in kg and sq/m) of the latest statistics for float glass, container glass, and safety glass manufacture, imports and exports in the USA. G 4013 REPEAT CUSTOMER FOR SORG BATCH PREHEATING SYSTEM PRESS RELEASE 19 JULY 2012 Nine months after implementing the first full scale SORG® batch preheating unit, our initial customer has decided to add the entire BATCH3 program to a second furnace. This repeat combination of the EMENEND® charger, IRD® Doghouse, and SORG batch preheater marks an important milestone in our program. The BATCH3 system has been confirmed on all points. No dusting, reliable operation, and lower energy consumption. Following a three year development program SORG is now ready to actively promote this technology to a glass industry hungry for sustainability solutions. G 4014 FOOD AND DRINK INDUSTRY ANNOUNCES UNIVERSITY PROVIDER FOR FIRST FOOD ENGINEERING DEGREE PRESS RELEASE 9 JULY 2012 Sheffield Hallam University has been named as the successful university to partner the UK food and drink industry in the development of the country s first dedicated food and drink engineering degree. The Food and Drink Federation (FDF), in partnership with the National Skills Academy for Food and Drink made the announcement after a rigorous selection process to run the unique course which is being developed in response to the need for world-class engineers for the industry. The food and drink industry needs to recruit 137,000 new employees between 2007 -2017 and has been working with employers to identify the skills gaps that they are experiencing amongst potential recruits. Many companies have highlighted a need for highly qualified engineers with a knowledge and understanding of the specialist requirements of food and drink manufacturing. The lack of a specialist course in the UK has led the industry to work towards developing its own and it hopes that Sheffield Hallam will be able to accept the first students in September 2014. FDF Director of Human Resources, Angela Coleshill said: We are delighted to be working with Sheffield Hallam to design a degree course that perfectly matches food and drink manufacturers needs. We listened closely to our member companies expressions of the skills that they require to continue developing the highly regarded products that have put our UK industry at the forefront of innovation. Justine Fosh, Executive Director of the National Skills Academy for Food & Drink said: This is an important milestone in redressing gaps in provision for our industry. The role of the National Skills Academy is to work with food businesses to drive up the relevance, quality and accessibility of training and with greater levels of automation in the industry we need higher levels of skills. G 4015 FOREHEARTH SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS J McMINN FOREHEARTH SERVICES, UK GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 68-69 With a lifetime's involvement in the world of forehearths, John McMinn Page 44 of 116 admits to a fascination with forehearths and how they operate. The company has conducted forehearth audits and troubleshooting on all mainstream, as well as some slightly more bizarre systems. These technical audits identify exactly how individual forehearth designs operate under production conditions, how they perform with different glass colours, how fast they react to temperature variations, which design provides greater gob temperature and tonnage ranges etc and crucially, what steps need to be taken to return the systems to optimal performance. G 4016 ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL IN GLASS MELTING GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 74, 76-77 According to the authors of this paper, a proper furnace design with the correct equipment and care of process operations makes a major difference to fuel efficiency, leading to better productivity and higher profits. G 4017 GLASSY SAND PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS P BERTUZZI ET AL SASIL, ITALY GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 84, 86, 88-89 The use of glassy sand continues to be an important solution for the glass container industry because it improves the glass itself and container quality. It also performs significant environmental benefits due to energy savings, the increased use of recycled cullet and the consequent reduction of unused cullet landfill. In this article, the authors discuss the latest glassy sand process improvements realised by Italian-based SASIL, to improve quality, melting behaviour and other criteria, including cooperation with Freiberg University. G 4018 CONTROLLED CHARGING FOR EFFICIENCY GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 36 To achieve a high production output it is necessary to efficiently charge glass melting furnaces. This requires melting material (batch and cullet) to be distributed perfectly on the melting surface and the melting speed itself should be the highest possible. In an attempt to fulfil all these requirements in an optimum way, Zippe, manufacturer of glass batch plants and cullet plants for the international glass industry,has recently developed and operated the Desc Charger. The aim of the Desc Charger is to feed the furnace with batch and cullet in a controlled and producible way. The batch ribbon is chopped into predetermined batch blocks, which are distributed on the melting surface. By swivelling the charger, the entry of the batch blocks can be influenced so that the melting surface can be covered in the required way. According to Zippe, one of the main advantages is that it will almost seal the doghouse against incoming false air, allowing its operation in oxy-fuel fired furnaces. It is also possible to install the new charger at every traditional and existing doghouse. G 4019 GLASSMAKING IS A NATURAL PROCESS - WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY DR S MALCHAREK SIEMENS, GERMANY GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 41-42 Natural gas delivers clean, high-quality energy for many industry sectors. When it is a matter of achieving consistent combustion and melting processes, as with the glass industry, the quality of the gas has a crucial influence on the process. In this article the author looks how the continuous monitoring of quality parameters, with the aid of process gas chromatographs, created the basis for optimised burner controllers. Page 45 of 116 expansion measurements revealed a good thermo-mechanical compatibility between the foam glass substrate and both coatings. The proposed coatings showed excellent chemical durability; no weight loss was observed after soaking in distilled water at 90 deg C for 16 days. GLASS CERAMICS GC 775 EFFECT OF ION EXCHANGE ON THE SINTER-CRYSTALLISATION OF LOW EXPANSION Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 GLASS-CERAMICS V O SOARES ET AL FEDERAL UNIVERSITY SAO CARLOS, BRAZIL GLASS TECHNOLOGY 42 2 APRIL 2011 50-54 In this work, an ion exchange treatment to minimize surface crystallisation and thus improve the sintering of compacts made of glass particles is proposed. The concept was tested by subjecting glass powders of teh LiO2-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS) system to molten KNO3 ion exchange treatment aimed at developing a low thermal expansion glass-ceramic via sinter-crystallisation. The relative densities of treated and untreated glass powder compacts sintered at different temperatures were compared and suitable IE and sintering temperatures were selected. Optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, dilatometry and SEM were used to characterise the sintered samples. GC 776 DURABLE GLASS-CERAMIC COATINGS FOR FOAM GLASS F SMEACETTO ET AL POLITECHNICO DI TORINO, ITALY INT J APPL GLASS SCI 3 1 2012 6974 This work describes the design and development of two new silica-based glass-ceramic coatings, suitable to be applied as slurries on a foam glass substrate. The coating process was optimised for both compositions, according to their sintering behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy observations and coefficient of thermal GC 777 [BOOK CHAPTER] SHREIR: GLASS & CERAMICS - DEGRADATION OF GLASS AND CERAMICS S OLIVER ET AL PILKINGTON LTD, UK SHREIR's CORROSION 3 2009 23062318 Glass is one of the engineer's most useful and versatile materials. Its properties can be engineered widely in order to provide a range of physical, mechanical, electrical, and otpical uses for practically every type of environmental condition. The tranparency of glass facilitates inspection of process operaitons and minimises the risk of failure due to unsuspected corrosion, while its hardness and smoothness contribute to easy cleaning. The development of glass-ceramic composites has further extended the range of glassy engineering materials. Glassceramics combine the formability of glasses with many of the adavntageous properties of ceramics and find application by virtue of their strength and high chemical duraiblity, particularly at elevated temperatures. This chapter comprises two contributions from teh 3rd edition of Shreir: Glass and Ceramics and Vitreous Silica which have been combined by the editors, with minor updating for this edition. GC 778 DARPA SAYS HYPERSONIC VEHICLES NEED BETTER HIGHTEMPERATURE MATERIALS DATA; UCSB TEAM SHOWS HOW TO MEASURE STRAIN AT HIGHTEMPERATURES AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 5 2012 1920 Page 46 of 116 Last August, DARPA conducted the second test flight of its hypersonic technology vehicle, the Falcon HTV-2. The test ended when the vehicle sent itself into the Pacific Ocean nine minutes into the flight. At the same time, the reasons for the abort were unclear and frustrating. The project's program manager, Maj. Chris Schulz, USAF, said: "We'll learn and try again. That's what it takes." To help figure out what it takes, DARPA enlisted the aid of an independent engineering review board comprised of government and academic experts to evaluate the data collected during the flight. The vehicle was built to demonstrate the technology, and as a data-gathering platform. Thus, the ERB had plenty of data telling the story of what happened. The goal of the program is to develop a vehicle that can reach any location in the world within an hour, requiring hypersonic speeds. Apparently, the test flight successfully achieved stable, aerodynamically controlled speeds up to Mach 20 for the first 3 minutes. Then, the vehicle appears to have experience shockwave disturbances that were 100 times more intense than it was designed to withstand, eventually losing control. The ERB conclusion this happened because of "unexpected aeroshell degradation, creating multiple upsets of increasing severity that ultimately activated the Flight Safety System," which triggered a controlled descent and ocean ditch of the vehicle. Vehicle engineers knew there would be a "gradual wearing away of the vehicle skin as it reached stress tolerance limits." However, more of the skin separated than was expected. DARPA say the next step for the program is to improve models for "Characterising the thermal uncertainties and heat-stress allowances for the vehicle's outer shell." In the US, a multi-university and industry partnership is working on the problem under the umbrella organisation, National Hypersonic Science Centre for Materials and Structures. A recent paper (doi:10.1063/1.3657835) by a research team at the University of California, Santa Barbara (one of the partners) describes a method for measuring strain at high temperatures, noting that the development of such materials requires the ability to reproduce conditions in the laboratory, which is not trivial. To read more, please visit: www.nhsc-ms.net GC 779 REACTIVE FILLERS TO PRODUCE WOLLASTONITE BIOCERAMICS M GROLINS AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 5 2012 2122 The main problem with the production of pre-ceramic polymers, is the formation of cracks and pores upon heat treatment. It is associated with the gas release and shrinkage that occurs during the polymer-to-ceramic conversion. For the most part, this problem can be solved using so-called active fillers. These are metallic or metal silicide particles capable of reacting chemically with the decomposition products or the pyrolysis gas in the furnace during the conversion. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to sinter silicate ceramics from mixtures of oxides. Lately, experiments have shown that wollastonite (CaSO3) ceramics, a wellknown bio-material, can be obtained from silicones containing calcium oxide precursors, such as micropowders or nano-particles. In this field, a group of scientists from the University of Padova in Italy conducted a study in cooperation with ACerS Fellow Paolo Colombo and in recent work they presented an innovative processing method employing preceramic polymers containing micrometer- and nanometer-sized particles of calcium carbonate, which act as reactive fillers. With the aim of obtaining wollastonite ceramics, they employed a solid and a liquid silicone in their study. Extrusion experiments were conducted on thick pastes and melts. The researchers also added hydoxyapatite powders to modify the Page 47 of 116 biological response of the material. In the study, silica from the decomposition of the silicone resins reliably reacts at low temperature with the calcium oxide derived from the fillers and yielding wollastonite ceramics. This approach enables the fabrication of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via fused deposition or via conventional hot extrusion. The results provide evidence of the flexibility of the approach employing silicones containing fillers. GC 780 BONDING MECHANISMS AT THE INTERFACE OF CERAMIC PROSTHETIC MATERIALS L L HENCH ET AL UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA J BIOMED MAT RES SYMP 2 (PART 1) 1971 117-141 The development of a bone-bonding calcia-phosposilicate glass ceramic is discussed. A theoretical model to explain the interfacial bonding is based upon in-vitro studies of glass-ceramic solubility in interfacial hydroxyapatite crystallisation mechanisms, compared with in-vivo rate femur implant histology and ultrastructure results. GC 781 FLEXIBLE CERAMIC MEMBRANES FOR GREEN APPLICATIONS J OLENICK ENrG INC, BUFFALO, NY CERAMIC INDUSTRY APRIL 2011 27-29 Our plant is changing as a result of higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which has measured the CO2 level since 1960, the current level of 390ppm represents a 26% increase over that of 1960! The huge global demand for clean and efficient energy, stable food, and clean water and air will spawn boundless opportunities for fuel cell technologies. CERAMIC INDUSTRY APRIL 2011 17-20 Industrial microwave furnaces are now available that exploit the advantages of microwave sintering for zirconiabased dental restorations. GC 783 GLASS CERAMIC BONE IMPLANTS T K GREENLEE ET AL GAINESVILLE VETERANS ADMIN HOSP, USA J BIOMED MATER RES 6 1972 235244 Glass ceramic implants containing 45% SiO2 with a Ca/P ratio of 5 become firmly fixed to bone when placed in a cortical defect of an intact rat femur. The addition of fluoride ions to the implant prevents this fixation. The most significant difference between the two compositions is in their solubilities. The presence of high local concentrations of Ca and PO4 ions at the interface of the soluble nonfluoride containing implant, could account for the deposition of the bone at its surface. It is not felt from these studies, however, that this model will be usable as a mass screening technique for evaluating materials variables. It is felt that other less laborous in vitro systems need to be devised. GC 782 INDUSTRIAL-SCALE MICROWAVE SINTERING Page 48 of 116 GLASS FIBRE GF 653 RECYCLING OF TFT-LCD CULLET AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR FIBRE GLASSES K KIM & J HWANG KUNSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA GLASS TECHNOL & EU J GLASS SCI, 52 6 DEC 2011 181-184 Since LCD glasses are produced using relatively high purity raw materials to ensure display quality, they not only contain few impurities but also are highly homogeneous. These two characteristics of LCD glasses can offer a recycling possibility for their cullet as a raw material for some commercial glasses in terms of savings in raw material costs and energy. In this work, several batches containing LCD glass cullet, for Eglass and glass wool were prepared and melted in the laboratory. Viscosity and liquidus temperature were determined for these glasses. In the case of E-glass, there was no serious change in both properties up to 25wt% replacement of original glass by LCD cullet. Glass wool could accept LCD cullet up to 20wt% of total glass. Since 2010, LCD glass cullet has been used in some E-glass production plants in Korea. GF 654 [BEST PRACTICE] CULLET SPECIFICATIONS FOR FIBERGLASS INDULATION MANUFACTURING http://www.cwc.org/gl_bp/gbp30103.htm Fiberglass insulation manufacturing has grown to be one of the largest uses for recycled glass. Because fiberglass does not have glass s clarity, there is an assumption among some that fiberglass raw materials can tolerate higher levels of contaminants than container manufacturing. In fact, metal, organic, and ceramic contaminants can be costly to fiberglass quality and production equipment. During fiberglass production, raw batch materials and glass cullet are continuously added to the furnace. After melting and fining, the molten glass is spun into fibers by a process called fiberizing. To ensure production of consistent fibers, cullet must meet specifications for major and minor oxide chemical composition, color consistency, and contaminant levels. The chemical composition of cullet as raw batch material for fiberglass should fall within the ranges listed in the table, published in this document. Variations in major oxide concentration can affect both the viscosity and emissivity of the glass melt. Viscosity is a measure of flow resistance, while emissivity is the ability of a material to emit heat through radiation. Both of these properties affect the attenuation ability of the molten glass during fiber formation. In addition, a shift in a major oxide concentration can cause fluctuations in the electrical resistivity of the melt. This requires an adjustment of transformer settings controlling the power input to the furnace, as well as creating changes in heat flow patterns, current paths, and temperature distribution, all of which are undesirable during stable furnace operations. Minor and trace oxide composition of the batch cullet is also very important. Oxides such as CoO, Cr2O, and FeO can influence infrared heat transmission, heat transfer during melting, and rate of fiber cooling. These factors will affect fiber attenuation, leading to variability in the fiber diameters and lengths. This Best Practice document can be downloaded from: http://www.cwc.org/gl_bp/gbp30103.htm Page 49 of 116 GF 655 FORMATION OF EXTRINSIC SCATTERERS IN ZrF4-BASED FLUORIDE OPTICAL FIBRES S SAKAGUCHI ET AL NTT ELECTRICAL COMM LABS, JAPAN J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 95-96 1987 617-624 Formation of extrinsic ZrO light scatterers in ZrF4-based fluroide optical fibres is investigated with respect to resultant oxides in raw materials. Thermodynamic consideration of reaction equilibrium between ZrF4 and oxides possibly included in raw materials, indicates that all oxides concerned can convert ZrF4 to ZrO2. Using low oxide content materials for glass preparation, scatters significantly decrease. In addition, dissolved oxides produced by OH evacuation enhance oxide segregation to form or to grow ZrO2 scatterers during melting process. GF 656 BUBBLES IN HEAVY METAL FLUORIDE GLASSES P McNAMARA TELECOM AUSTRALIA RESEARCH LABS, VICTORIA J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 95-96 1987 625-632 Theoretically, light transmission losses as low as 0.001 dB/km are possible in optical fibres made from heavy metal fluoride glasses. One reason this has not yet been achieved is scattering due to bubbles in the glass. Such bubbles can be reduced in size, if not completely eliminated, by heat treatment of the glass preform before fibre drawing. GF 657 JM PLANS MAJOR GLASS FIBRE EXPANSION ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 18 Johns Manville (JM) has announced an investment of more than 50M/Euros to expand glass fibre production at its facility in Slovakia. JM says the investment involves replacing and NEWS IN GENERAL N 2840 VIRIDOR - RESTRUCTURE ANNOUNCED PRESS RELEASE APRIL 2012 Leading UK recycling company Viridor has confirmed that it is restructuring part of its business operations at the Lancots Lane recycling facility in St Helens, to secure the future profitability of the business. Viridor has operated the recycling site at St Helens since 2002, when it acquired the business from Richardson Limited. The site recycles flat (plate) glass for reprocessing, along with volumes of container glass, metals and plastics. The restructure will focus the operation on the recycling of a wider range of materials, and on reducing the tonnage of flat glass recycling, which has become increasingly unprofitable over the past two years due to economic conditions. Viridor will shortly be submitting planning and permit applications formalising the change of materials processed at the St Helens facility. As a result of the restructure, there will be a small number of redundancies at St Helens and associated transport operations elsewhere. Consultation and dialogue with employees is continuing, and every effort will be made to assist employees in being redeployed to alternative roles elsewhere within the company. Viridor is also in the process of informing customers who will be affected by the changes. Viridor recently secured the trade waste collections contract in St Helens, and the restructure and focus on mixed material reprocessing will help ensure local businesses continue to be offered high quality commercial recycling services. This contract will not be affected by the restructure of the Lancots Lane facility. Container glass recycling also remains an important and growing part of Viridor s business, having recently committed to making a £6 million investment in the latest technology at Bonnyrigg glass recycling plant in Scotland and Page 50 of 116 opening a similar plant in Sheffield last year. N 2841 FRENCH BPA BAN HURTS US EXPORTS PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL MARCH-APRIL 2012 3 A French ban on Bisphenol-A (BPA) will jeopardise US exports to the European country, according to a US Department of Agriculture report. Frozen meat and seafood products, which are most likely to have BPA in their packaging, will be hardest hit by the ban. The French National Assembly has passed a bill that bans the sale of any food packaging container and food material containing BPA by January 2014. N 2842 PLOWDEN & THOMPSON ACQUIRED BY ET ENTERPRISES LTD PRESS RELEASE 24 MAY 2012 Plowden & Thompson have announced that their business and assets have been acquired by ET Enterprises Ltd with effect from the 9th May 2012. A press release said: "Our 90 year trading history as a glass manufacturer and processor will continue as a division of ET Enterprises Ltd. All of our employees have transferred to the new company and we are looking forward to an enhanced and brighter future." Ron McAlpine, Managing Director of ETEL, has commented that the technical glasses manufactured by Plowden and Thompson Limited are key materials for the manufacture of ETEL s photomultipliers and this purchase secures their availability along with future glass manufacturing in the UK. Also the facilities at Dial Glass Works at Stourbridge in the UK will allow additional glass working skills to be introduced there. Glass manufacturing expertise is being retained with staff from Plowden and Thompson and Tudor Crystal Design being transferred to ETEL. N 2843 VERALLIA LAUNCHES WEB SITE GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 20 Verallia North America has relaunched its web site at www.us.verallia.com. The site features a modern design, simplified navigation and a complete, interactive product catalogue. The company's entire catalogue of glass containers is available, providing pertinent information such as weight, size and colour, however, for the first time, users can also see renderings of the final product to assist in the decisionmaking process. N 2844 [UK] CLAYTON GLASS SMARTGLASS DISTRIBUTION FACILITY GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 2/2012 28 UK-based Clayton Glass has opened a new Smartglass distribution facility int he Midlands. Smartglass is the company's roof glazing sealed unit offering featuring Edgetech's Super Spacer warm edge technology. Located near Northampton, this new facility will employ a small team of three people, providing storage and distribution facilities. "As our roof customer base has increased, so has both the number and distance of end user sites we need to get our product to," said Jason McCabe, Commercial Director. "The key to timely and successful roof deliveries lies with a small fleet of lightweight vehicles in the right location, so whilst we will retain the use of our heavy goods fleet, this will be to ship roofs in volume to the hub overnight for onward delivery the next day." "To coincide with this, on the production side we have invested further and can now manufacture Smartglass in either one of our two County Durham facilities. The key for us lies in being able to manufacture quicker, thus getting the roof on the most cost effective vehicle and optimising by delivery "slot." We're hugely confident that with this new Page 51 of 116 facility we will be able to improve our turnaround, reaction times and delivery capacity, and with it our overall customer experience. We are taking orders for roof glass on a national basis, so we have seen sales grow too." N 2845 [USA] VIRACON - FACILITY UPGRADE IN ANTICIPATION OF MARKET RECOVERY GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 2/2012 30 Viracon has announced that it will invest US$ 4-7M to refurbish manufacturing equipment and upgrade building infrastructure at its Statesborou, Georgia, facility in anticipation of a commercial construction market recovery. "As our architectural glass markets continue to demand more value-added and energy efficient products, we intend to ensure that our Statesboro facility, which opened 13 years ago, remains on the cutting edge of glass fabrication capability for the next construction upcycle," said Viracon president, Kelly Schuller. "Viracon's Statesboro facility is strategically important, serving international and southern US markets. Production in the facility will be greatly scaled back during the anticipated six-month rebuild period," Schuller said. "During this period of low seasonal and market demand, Viracon will continue to serve all markets from its Utah and Minnesota facilities, with no disruption to current project needs of future commitments." Viracon initially invested US$ 27M in 1999 when it began operations at Statesboro, adding 65,000 sq.ft. to the facility in 2005. According to the firm, the facilities is the second largest architectural glass fabrication facility in North America. N 2846 VDMA - POSITIVE 2011 FOR GERMAN EQUIPMENT GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 2/2012 36 Turnover for Germany's construction equipment and building material machinery industry rose by 17% in 2011 to EUR 12.6BN. Of this, EUR 7.8BN was accounted for by the construction machinery sector and EUR 4.8BN by the building materials, glass and ceramics machinery sector. 2011 saw continued economic recovery in almost all sub-sectors, though not all at the same speed. Overall, demand for construction machinery worldwide was higher than for building material machinery throughout the entire year. "In 2011 our customers simply invested more again," said Johan Sailer, Chairman of the German Engineering Federation's Association for Construction Equipment and Building Material Machinery (VDMA), explaining the positive growth in the sector. Previously reticent investments as a continuing result of the crisis were now being made up for, especially by plant hire firms. This trend is also set to continue in 2012. N 2847 EQUIPMENT - PRODIM: MEASUREMENT MADE PORTABLE GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 2/2012 61-64 Netherlands-based Prodim was founded in 1995, and since then has been dedicated to improving and facilitating production processors. This article presents the company, and introduces its most recent development - the Prodim Unfold 2012, a solution for glassmakers of curved glass, dealing with windshields for the automotive and naval industries. The software easily translates 3D drawings into 2D unfolded shapes, enabling the creation of digital templates from windshield prototypes, as well as directly from the frames; hard templates are no longer necessary. The Unfold is extremely Page 52 of 116 powerful and fast, but at the same time, a simple and easy tool to use, requiring little training. N 2848 NEW BOTTLE PACKER INCREASES SPEED WHILE REDUCING GLASS BREAKAGE FOR DISTILLED SPIRITS MAKER http://www.mmh.com/ USA-based Modern Materials Handling Magazine, reports that a new bottle packer has increased speed while reducing glass breakage for a distilled spirits maker. The design of the machine allows the bottler to reduce costs by using thinner glass. Saint Louis-based distilled spirits manufacturer and bottler Luxco is enjoying the sweet sounds of silence since upgrading its packing line to technology that almost eliminates bottle breakage while increasing packer speed. Luxco is a leading beverage alcohol supplier. The company receives bulk alcohol and then blends, packages and ships its own lines of bourbon, brandy, vodka, rum, and tequila, as well as a range of flavored cordials and liqueurs. During the installation of a new bottling line, Luxco sought a packing system that would increase speed and offer better and more consistent control of bottles. It opted for a soft catch case packer (Standard-Knapp, http://www.standard-knapp.com). In addition to increasing speed, the packer significantly reduces bottle breakage. Other benefits include reduced changeover time and easier and more efficient preventative maintenance. To read this story in full, please visit: http://www.mmh.com N 2849 [NEW BOOK] ADVANCED MELTING TECHNOLOGIES WITH SUBMERGED COMBUSTION L S PIORO ET AL ISBN: 9781434994639 2011 This technical state-of-the-art book is devoted to the development and design of advanced melting technologies with submerged combustion. The objective is to compile and summarise findings and experiences of scientists and engineers from various research organisations and companies in this ew area worldwide. The main advantages of submerged combustion, i.e. the combustion of gas-air or gasair-oxygen mixtures directly inside a melt, are to achieve the maximum heat transfer from combustion products to the melt, to improve mixing, i.e. melt homogeneity, and to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Based on these advantages of submerged combustion, advanced melting technologies were developed and tested in various industries. The book consists of 10 chapters covering the development, design, testing and industrial application of various advanced melting technologies with Submerged Combustion Melters (SCMs) for production of materials for the building industry from metallurgical slag; coal slag and ash from coal-fired thermalpower plants; fuming of slags of nonferrous metals: melting silicate materials; production of mineral wool; production of molten defluorinated phosphates for agriculture; pyrohydrolysis of fluorine-containing wastes; vitrification of high level radioactive wastes; and production of expanded-clay aggregate for lightweight concrete from nonselfbloating clays. Chapter 10 is related to Immersion Tube Heaters (ITHs), which are used for melting purposes or heating/evaporating of various liquids. Eight appendices contain additional material related to submerged combustion: theoretical investigation into the effect of melt turbulization on discrete particle dissolution rate; SCMs heat losses through water-cooled walls; heat transfer enhancement in glass melting furnaces; safety features for an SCMs cooling system: SCM feeders and melt-draining locking devices; thermodynamic analysis of combined thermal and environmental efficiency of fuel utilisation; other submergedcombustion apparatuses; Page 53 of 116 mathematical and CFD modeling of thermal processes in radiant tubes with natural gas combustion; and unit conversion and tables of properties. Many of the developed melting technologies are intended to decrease harmful effects of various wastes such as slags, ash etc on the environment by effectively reprocessing them into materials for the building industry or by safe infinite disposal of high-level radioactive wastes by including them into a glass matrix. N 2850 GERMANY STOPS ENERGY SUBSIDIES, FORCING FIRST SOLAR TO SCALE BACK AM CERAM SOC BULL 91 5 2012 9 According to the Toledo Blade, First Solar (Tempe, Arizona), announced it is reducing its workforce by 30%, closing two plants in Germany with the loss of 1200 jobs, and cutting four of 20 manufacturing lines in Malaysia (550 jobs). Although no plants in the US are slated for closing, the company is reducing its workforce here too, laying off 20 administrative staff in its Toledo-area facility. The article said the closures were triggered by the elimination of subsidies for the solarpanel industry. Mark Widmar, CFO for First Solar is quoted as saying, "In recent months, we have seen this trend continue and even intensify as EU policy makers have proposed and implemented significant reductions in solar subsidies." He says that business in Europe "is not viable without significant subsidies." N 2851 THE MARKET OUTLOOK FOR PV UNTIL 2016 PHOTOVOLTAICS INTERNATIONAL MAY 0212 154, 156-8 Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity continued its remarkable growth trend in 2011, even in the midst of a financial and economic crisis, and despite the PV industry going through a difficult period. Once again, PV markets grew faster than anyone had expected, just as they have done for the past decade, especially in Europe but also around the world. While such a rapid growth rate cannot be expected to last forever in Europe, prospects for growth around the world remain high. The results of 2011, and indeed the outlook for the next several years, show that under the right policy conditions, PV can continue its progress towards competitiveness in key electricity markets and be a mainstream energy source. The major system-price decrease that was experienced in 2011, combined with measures taken in German and Italy after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, allowed the market to further develop in 2011, particularly in these two countries. However, the price decrease also helped weaken the policy support in many countries, with policymakers facing growing discontent with regard to the perceived cost of PV and the ailing PV industry in Europe. N 2852 RESEARCH EXCHANGE PROGRAM BUILDS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS, ENHANCES RESEARCH, OPENS EYES TO WORLD AM CERAM SOC BULL 90 7 2011 3033 In today's global marketplace, it is more important then ever for students and researchers to gain an international perspective. Some are doing so through the Research Exchange program offered by the International Materials Institute for New Functionality in Glass based at Lehigh University (USA). The aim of the Research Exchange is to encourage and facilitate international collaborations that will lead to creating new applications and opportunities for glass. Since 2004, the IMI-NFG program has supported more than 115 exchanges, involving 25 countries in addition to the US, as explained in this article. Page 54 of 116 N 2853 PREMIER FOODS NOW A TARGET FOR CHINA's BRIGHT FOODS? www.foodmanufacture.co.uk Premier Foods could be targeted lock, stock and barrel by China's acquisitive Bright Foods, analysts have suggested, after the UK s largest food manufacturer announced it had found a buyer for its vinegars business (15 June 2012). To read more, please visit: http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Bus iness-News/Premier-Foods-now-atarget-for-China-s-Bright-Foods N 2854 JAPANESE EXPORTS BOOST BROWTH FOR WEST MIDLANDS BREWERY www.foodmanufacture.co.uk The West Midlands brewery Holden s is planning major expansion to meet Japanese demand for exports of British real ale. The growth is set to create 10 jobs. To read more, please visit: http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Ma nufacturing/Japanese-exports-boostgrowth-for-West-Midlands-brewery N 2855 SOLAGLAS REBRANDS TO BECOME GLASSOLUTIONS GLASS TIMES APRIL 2012 5 Solaglas recently announced that it has re-branded to become Glassolutions. The company has also acquired national glazing contractor Greenberg Glass & Glazing. MD, Mike Butterick said: This is a statement of our intent and a strategic fit to the business." The company explained that the change from Solaglas to Glassolutions reflects the company's role as a "solutions provider" in glass to the glazing, architectural, construction and building maintenance markets in the UK. The move also more closely aligns it with other glass-based organisations within the global Saint-Gobain Group. Glassolutions also said that £100M will be pumped into the business with the aim of turning glass from a passive to an active component in the drive towards improved sustainability in building. "Under the new Glassolutions banner in the UK, we intend to strengthen our market position as the leading glass service and solutions provider," Mike said. N 2856 RANKINS SOLD TO iGLASS GLASS TIMES APRIL 2012 8 Rankins Glass has recently been bought by iGlass. The original Rankins company dates back to 1740 and the company has glazed many Fleet Street newspaper offices, put the face on London's Big Ben and provided protective and low reflective panels for precious works of art. iGlass is owned by Gregg Botterman and Mark Woodward, who both have vast experience in the glass industry and the supply of products to the interiors markets. Paul Rankin, former owner, will continue in the role of Chairman following the sale. The sale to iGlass will mean expansion and diversification for Rankins, which will continue to supply and support the glass trade, the building sector, and will expand its business in the interiors market with the incorporation of the full range of existing and new iGlass products, such as handless glassfronted kitchen cabinets, glass-fronted radiators, bespoke shower cladding, new designs in kitchen and bathroom splashbacks, designer glass worktops and handcrafted glass cabinet handles. N 2857 SOLAR BOOM HEADS TO JAPAN CREATING A $9.6BN MARKET www.renewableenergyworld.com 12 JUNE 2012 Japan is poised to overtake Germany and Italy to become the world's second-biggest market for solar power as incentives starting July 1, 2012 drive sales for equipment makers from Yingli Green Energy Holdings Co. to Kyocera Corp. Industry Minister Yukio Edano recently set a premium price for solar electricity that's about triple Page 55 of 116 what industrial users now pay for conventional power. That may spur at least $9.6BN in new installations with 3.2 gigawatts of capacity, Bloomberg New Energy Finance forecast. The total is about equal to the output of three atomic reactors. "The tariff is very attractive," said Mina Sekiguchi, associate partner and head of energy and infrastructure at KPMG in Japan. "The rate reflects the government's intention to set up many solar power stations very quickly." Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda's effort to cut dependence on atomic energy that provided about 30% of Japan's power before the Fukushima nuclear meltdown in 2011 will help a solar industry suffering incentive cuts across Europe. N 2858 UK's FIRST PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY FORUM LAUNCHED www.letsrecycle.com announced 21 June that "A groundbreaking forum which will tackle the environmental footprint of everyday products has been launched today. The Product Sustainability Forum (PSF) brings together more than 80 organisations including retailers, suppliers, environmental charities, academics and UK governments in the first collaboration of its kind. It will take the lead on addressing environmental and sustainability issues that arise from making and selling products. The forum will look at the whole of a product's life. Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water use, reliance on raw materials, product-related waste and packaging will all come under the spotlight. To read more, please visit the website above. N 2859 EU SOLAR THERMAL MARKET G STRYI-HIPP GERMAN SOLAR INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S14710846(01)80075-5 The first comprehensive study about the European solar thermal market came out in 1996. The European Solar Industry Federation (ESIF) had conducted it within the framework of the ALTENER program of the European Commission and published it with the title Sun in Action. Experts from 10 countries collated descriptions of the European and some nonEuropean markets. The market data published stem from 1994 and are used here as the yardstick for comparison of developments in recent years. This article by Gerhard StryiHipp, Manager, German Solar Industry Association (DFS) is an update of the most important data and shows some trends in the current market, without claiming to be a comprehensive study such as the original ESIF work. ESIF has requested an updating of Sun in Action within the framework of ALTENER II, which is to be carried out soon. N 2860 [NEW PUBLICATION] COMPENDIUM OF GLASS MELTING SGT JUNE 2012 This Compendium represents a unique achievement - a CD-based document that contains papers, PowerPoint presentations and lecture materials that cover both the basic science and the practical aspects of glass melting. Containing almost 100 papers and presentations, by over 60 authors, it represents more than 1,000 manyears of practical knowledge and experience - in all aspects of glass melting science and technology. With almost 2,500 pages, this 'Compendium' is probably the world's single largest collection of science, technology and information - relating to glass melting. Contributing authors, both industrial and academic, are from Page 56 of 116 around the world each an expert in their own field. The sections include: A glassmaking glossary; The science and properties of glasses; Industrial overview - the technology and economics of glass melting; Raw materials, Glass compositions and Batch formulations; Furnace design and Energy efficiency; Furnace equipment; Furnace operation and glass quality; Refractories; Pollution control. All the papers are hyperlinked to contents pages providing easy access to this vast body of information. In addition, authors contact details are provided allowing readers to follow-up on any item, if they wish. The Compendium is targeted at glassmakers, furnace designers and specialist glassmaking materials suppliers but will be of interest to all in the glassmaking community. It is available to both members and non-members of the SGT. The aim is to update and expand the contents of the Compendium on a regular basis: 'Edition 1' is now available for purchase, via the SGT's offices and website: SGT website: www.sgt.org/SGT News Email: [email protected] The price (incl. p+p) is £90 (or just £40 to members of the SGT), plus VAT. N 2861 ICG COMMITTEES - PROGRESS REPORT AND MANY NEW ACTIONS GMPA 2/12 64-68 The most recent meeting of the International Commission on Glass (ICG) was held in Italy at the Stevanto Group Headquarters. The ICG is a non-profit international glass society consisting of 37 national organisations in glass science and technology. The aim of ICG is to promote cooperation between glass experts. ICG organises Technical Committee (TC) to work (laboratory round robins, publications of scientific and technical papers). ICG organises the International Congress on Glass every three years. During the meeting, Coordinating Technical Committees first, followed by the Steering Committee, met and presented delegates with activities, successes, research and possible interactions. N 2862 DR ALAN McLENAGHAN MOVES TO SAGE PRESS RELEASE 29 JUNE 2012 Dr. Alan McLenaghan has been hired as Vice President of Operations and will be joining SAGE Electrochromics effective July 16th. Alan will be coming to SAGE from Verallia North America, a Saint-Gobain company. In his most recent role, he has served as Senior Vice President of Technology at Verillia, based in Muncie, IN. Dr. McLenaghan is a 14 year veteran of Saint-Gobain, having joined the company in 1998 to lead the construction of their new float glass manufacturing plant in Eggborough in North Yorkshire in England, a plant that has won several awards. Prior to joining Saint-Gobain, Alan spent three years at Dupont and seven years at ICI America. In his new position at SAGE, Dr. McLenaghan will have responsibility for SAGE s manufacturing operations. In addition to Dr. McLenaghan s extensive experience in glass manufacturing, he also has played a key role in building a technology team that has focused on safety, process and manufacturing improvements, and sustainability initiatives in the areas of environment and energy savings. N 2862a MEETHOD OF GROUPING AND CUTTING PATTERN OF CUTTING PROBLEM OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLATE Q XUESHAO ET AL ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY OF LIGHT INDUSTRY, CHINA ADVANCED MAT RESEARCH 462 2012 194-198 Through a case of glass plate cutting, two-dimensional cutting pattern problem of rectangular blanks is discussed. The raw material is cut and laid out by applying the method of Page 57 of 116 grouping and two-stage cutting pattern types. Here, the blanks are first divided into different groups based on certain requirements and then twodimensional cutting pattern problem is transformed into two one dimensional cutting problems. Through constructing an integer programming model, the cutting program of the raw material can be obtained step-by-step by calculating in LINGO. Here, the precise algorithm of integer programming is applied, which is not the time algorithm of polynomial, in the specific implementation, there should be no other variables, so all the data should be divided into different groups to calculate. In each group, there should be no more than 6 blanks, grouped according to their size. This algorithm is simple and easy to operate with a high material usage. N 2863 CLIMATE CHANGE & EMISSIONS TO AIR-GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TO BE DISCLOSED DEFRA PRESS RELEASE 20 JUNE 2012 Defra announced on 20 June that all businesses listed on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange will have to report their levels of greenhouse gas emissions from the start of the next financial year, under plans announced at the Rio+ 20 Summit. The UK is the first country to make it compulsory for companies to include emissions data for their entire organisation in their annual reports. The new regulations will be introduced from April 2013 and reviewed in 2015, before a decision is made on whether to extend the approach to all large companies from 2016. N 2864 SPARK AWARDS - MONEY AVAILABLE FOR NEW COLLABORATIONS CCFRA JULY 2012 SPARK awards comprise small sums of money for new collaborations between research partners and Small/Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The collaboration supported by a SPARK award can comprise almost any defined piece of work by the research partner for the industrial partner, such as a student project, data analysis, technical consultancy, a feasibility study or literature review. Experience has shown these awards to result in improved interaction, and new research and technology transfer projects. These Awards are intended to help resource small confidence building measures between a SME and a research based partner that is likely to lead to a longer-term relationship. Highly innovative applications from partners who have not worked together before are especially welcome. The grants, which are of a fixed value of £5,000 (plus any applicable VAT), are awarded to the research partner to tackle a problem relevant to the SME. The scheme is designed to provide quick approval with minimal bureaucracy, in keeping with the value of the grant. N 2865 SHEFFIELD HALLAM TO OFFER FIRST FOOD AND DRINK ENGINEERING DEGREE www.foodmanufacture.co.uk 9 JULY 2012 In partnership with the National Skills Academy for Food and Drink (NSAFD), the Food and Drink Federation (FDF) have announced that top marks in the search to find a college to offer the nation's first dedicated food and drink engineering degree have gone to Sheffield Hallam University. The first students will begin their studies for a food and drink engineering degree at the university in September 2014. N 2866 [RAW MATERIALS] MALAYSIA TERENGGANU SILICA PROJECTS TO BOOST GLASS DEVELOPMENT ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 10 The unique Silica Valley project in Terengganu is expected to attract RM1.2BN in local and foreign investments. The project, on a Page 58 of 116 1,800/ha site in Marang and Setiu, will have centralised silica and silicarelated industries. This will be developed by TRG Industrial Minerals through a collaboration with international companies from Japan, India and France which will be known as TIM Konsortium. A press release said the consortium would invest between RM350-400M in the next five years on the project. The project was launched by the Sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin May 2012. TIM Konsortium plans to build Southeast Asia's biggest silica processing plant in Setiu, which could produce 800,000/t high-grade silica sand and powder a year. The plant is expected to commence operations by mid-2013. and plastic pharmaceutical packaging products and in established markets with sophisticated products for drug dosage and administration. "Since we expect the growth trend to continue in the second six months of the year we increase our revenue forecast for 2012 again and are planning substantial investments in these growth markets," said Uwe Röhrhoff, CEO of Gerresheimer AG. Group revenues rise 10.3% to EUR 314.0M in Q2 2012 - Adjusted EBITDA increases by 4.3% to EUR 58.6M - Net income rises to EUR 17.4M and EPS to EUR 0.51 Revenue forecast raised from 7-8% to 9-10% at constant exchange rates Expected investment volume rises from around EUR 100M to around EUR 120M. N 2867 [MARKETS] SCHOTT PINS HOPES ON ASIAN GROWTH ASIAN GLASS APRIL-MAY 2012 14 Schott is hoping to continue to grow in Asia. The Group is already present with 10 plants in the region. The company is hoping to defy the slowdown in economic growth with the help of its strong core businesses, continued inn N 2869 [CHINA] GLASTON INITIATES LAWSUIT AGAINST NORTH GLASS ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 10 Glaston Group has taken legal measures against North Glass and the competent Court has registered the case. In November 2010, the federal Court in Ottawa, ON, Canada, issued judgement in Glaston's favour on the infringement of Glaston's two patents for its unique tempering and bending technology. The Court ordered that a declaration is made against Shanghai North Glass for infringement of Glaston's 1,308,257 patent and 2,146,628 patent. A similar judgement was issued int he UK in 2006. During the last 2 years, Glaston has several times been disclosing similar patent infringements of North Glass and the violation of North Glass' disclosure obligation related to its IPO. Currently, Glaston is also in the process of initiating legal action in Europe as the company has reason to believe that the EU patents: EP0261,611 and EPO679,613, owned by the company, are infringed by North Glass. N 2868 [CHINA] EXPANSIONS BOOM IN A "QUIET" YEAR! ASIAN GLASS APRIL/MAY 2012 14 This article briefly outlines new projects set up in China during the last 12 months. From new glass plants to expansions, all in all, 35 projects are detailed. N 2868 GERRESHEIMER RAISES REVENUE FORECAST AFTER GOOD 2Q www.glassonline.com 11 JULY 2012 The robust revenue growth trend continues at Gerresheimer AG, one of the world s leading partners of the pharma and healthcare industry. Our revenues continued to develop very positively in the second quarter of 2012. This growth is being achieved in emerging markets with standard glass Page 59 of 116 N 2870 ALLIED UNVEILS EXPANSION PLANS ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 18 Allied Glass has agreed a deal to take additional space at Towngate Link on Cross Green Industrial Estate in Leeds. The deal was agreed with Brighouse-based commercial property business Towngate and followed the manufacturer of glass containers signing a ten-year lease of a 106,143 sq/ft unit at Towngate Link in 2011. Allied, the UK's fourth largest glass container manufacturer, has now agreed a second unit as demand for its products increases. N 2871 [USA] O-I SEES REVENUE LEAP ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 18 O-I recently announced that its first quarter profit rose 47% as the company boosted prices and increased revenue. The company said its net income was US$ 121M (73c/share), for the period that ended 31 March 2012. That's compared with US$ 82M (50c/share) in the same period a year earlier. Revenue rose to US$ 1.74BN from US$ 1.72BN a year earlier. The company reported adjusted net income of 73c/share, while analysts expected 65c/share, according to FactSet. O-I's revenue was slightly lower than the US$1.76BN analysts expected on average. The company said price hikes helped its revenue rise and offset higher costs for raw materials, and the quarter looked strong by comparison with last year's because the company booked about US9M in charges in 2011s first quarter that were associated with flooding in Australia. The company's quarterly operating profit rose to US$ 260M (US$ 208M). Shipments were flat or rose slightly in Europe, N America and S America, but global shipments fell, thanks largely to a drop in shipments in China. The company said its pricing strategy should help improve year over year financial performance during the current quarter, especially in N. America. O-I said it did not have "clarity" about demand in Europe as that region deals with a financial crisis. As a result, the company said it expects the second half of 2012 to roughly be the same as that of 2011. N 2872 IDEA? FUNDING AVAILALBE FOR YORKS & HUMBER SME's http://www.co2sense.co.uk/ If you have an innovative product, technology, service or process that will reduce carbon, use less energy, water and raw materials, or produce less waste, you could get support and investment from CO2Sense. You can apply: For up to £100,000, although larger projects will be considered for investment rather than grant funding: If your business is located in Yorkshire and Humber: If your business is a small or medium sized company: For up to 70% of the total cost of your project. Applying for funding couldn't be easier. Just follow these simple steps: 1. Download the funding information - from the above mentioned website - this will give you a bit more information about the funding and what you can apply for. 2. Complete a short form (from the same website) and email it to [email protected]. This will then be looked at by one of our team, who will then let you know if you could qualify for investment. If your project is right for investment, we'll then email you a longer application form. If you have any questions, or would like more information, email [email protected] or call 0113 2378419 N 2873 JORDAN CALLS FOR INVESTMENT ASIAN GLASS JUNE-JULY 2012 22 Ministries of Economic Development throughout the Middle East have published details of a number of glassrelated products that the country of Jordan has opted to put together as part of the creation of a silicon cluster. According to sources, Jordan is seeking investments for US$2M with Page 60 of 116 5-year recoupment term for building of a factory of silicone gel. The schedule for building of the enterprise is 10-14 months, and its customer is NAVITAS Engineering & Management Consultant. Besides,US$ 4M will be raised with a 4 year investment recoupment period for construction of a soda silicate and potash silicate factory. Construction will take place at the same time and the customer is the same. Another US$ 21M with recoupment term of 7 years is raised for construction of a glass container factory with construction term 14-18 months and its customer is also NAVITAS. The largest project, however, is the construction of a float glass plant with a total investment of US$ 222,469,763, of which 35% is drawn as a loan and 65% as equity stakes of the shareholders. This plant will produce 700/tpd and the customer is PRO Group Consulting. Interested parties may contact the Ministry's Inter-State Economic Relations Department by phone: +962-64006622. N 2875 YUANJIANG SIGNS DAILY GLASSWARE PROJECT WITH 50,000 TONS CAPACITY www.glassglobal.com November 2010, Mr. Deng Zongxiang, Mayor of Yuanjiang City led chargers of economic development zone and Economic Cooperation Bureau to Foshan City of Guangdong Province. They signed a contract of daily glassware product project with Foshan Huaxing Glass Croup. The total investment is 750M Yuan, with a five year construction period. It will be finished in three periods. Huaxing Glass Group is a large-scale private manufacturing company which produce glass containers in clear flint, flint, emerald green and amber color. The company headquarters is located in the Wuzhuang Industrial Park, Luocun, Nanhai, Foshan city, China. The production scale is expanding constantly, setting eleven manufacturing centers in Guangdong, Hubei, Henan, Fujian, Jiangsu, Hebei, Xinjiang, etc., and annual capacity is 3 million tons. The project is an program to develop the food industry, wining and beverage, medical and pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Yuanjiang government leaders paid much attention to this project. All departments collaborated and settled the project successfully. N 2876 ARDAGH TAKES QUARTER OF US GLASS MARKET WITH $800M ACQUISITION http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/news /ardagh-takes-quarter-of-us-glassmarket-with-880m-acquisition/ Ardagh announced 17 July that it has agreed to buy the $800m-turnover business from its private equity owner Wayzata Investment Partners. Anchor will increase the size of Ardagh s overall glass packaging business by around 50% and will give it a major foothold in the US glass market; following the deal, Ardagh will have a market share in the US of around 23%. Based in Tampa, Florida, Anchor produces some 5.6bn containers annually from eight facilities across the US. It employs approximately 2,700 people and has sales of around $800m. The deal is its second acquisition in the US glass market in just three months after it bought Leone Industries, a familyowned firm based in New Jersey, in March. It also comes as Ardagh continues its plans for a public listing, expected to be on the New York Stock Exchange. N 2877 ARDAGH's ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACHIEVEMENTS RECOGNISED GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 11 Ardagh Group has been recognised for energy saving achievements at its UK glass operation. The company received a highly commended award in the Carbon Trust's Energy Efficiency in Manufacturing Awards 2012. The award was earned for concerted Page 61 of 116 efforts made to save energy at its plant at Irvine, Ayrshire. A systematic energy saving programme has resulted in an annual reduction of around 2405tCO2 emissions, with annual savings for the company of over £165,000. The judges praised Ardagh's diligent and methodical approach to achieving the energy savings. They singled out the company's systematic implementation of variable speed drives into various aspects of the glass production process as innovative within the glass container industry. It was also noted that this approach can be scaled up with the potential for substantial savings if and when carried across the international sites of the Ardagh Group. N 2878 NIS AT AGENDA GLAS GLASS WORLDWIDE JULY-AUG 2012 11 HNG Global, parent company of Agenda Glas, Germany, has purchased Quantum TWT replacement plunger mechanisms for the 6 1/4in DG and 5in TG arrangements at the factory, based in Gardelegen. Initial sections have been installed and have been running under glass since March. The balance of the machine's OEM plunger mechanisms will be replaced by Quantum later this year. N 2879 CHINESE GLASSMAKER BENEFITS FROM VACUUM TECHNOLOGY KNOWHOW GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 12 Everything has a weight in the production of lightweight glass bottles, suggests a leading Italian vacuum technology suppler. This is confirmed by the Chang Yu-Glass factory of Yantai, in Shandong, north east China. According to Pneumofore, Chang YuGlass is proof that selecting the correct partner has a decisive influence on determining the success of a company. Since installing its first equipment for lightweight bottles in 2010, Chang-Yu Glass has reappointed Pneumofore as partner and supplier of vacuum in 2012. The creator of innovative rotary vane technology in vacuum pumps, Pneumofore has been in business since 1923. Vacuum has emerged as a valuable tool in the production of lightweight bottles over the years, minimising weight, while maximising quality and strength. N 2880 CUT-RESISTANT CLOTHING INTRODUCED GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 12 UK-based Cutsafe Clothing Ltd has launched a cut-resistant clothing and apron range for the glass industry, all items featuring level 5 cut protection. The range is made form Cut-Tex PRO fabric, which looks and feels similar to cotton sweatshirt material and in tests exceeds three of the maximum EN 388:2003 performance levels. Included in the range are two sweatshirts, a zip up jacket, some innovative "long-johns" (to wear under workwear trousers) and two aprons, one for body protection, the other for leg only protection. According to the supplier, these garments are lightweight, easy to wear, extremely durable and machine washable. For more information, please visit: http://www.cutsafe.co.uk/ N 2881 SIMULATION SOFTWARE RELEASED GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 12 Nogrid GmbH, the specialist supplier of meshless computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, has introduced Nogrid pointsGlow, a software solution that simulates the glass container forming process and computes the results in full 3D. According to its German developers, the product is easy to handle and generates solid solutions. It can be used for BB, PB and NNPB processes. Page 62 of 116 N 2882 [TURKEY] SISECAM MEETS GLASS DEMAND GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 8 Sisecam has announced that its 2011 profits grew by 53% as it continued to expand abroad. According to reports, the company currently holds 3% of the global glass demand with its production, which has reached US$ 3.7BN. "In 2011, our net profits increased by 53% to 741 Turkish liras. Our 2011 sales figures registered an 18% increase from the year before, reaching 5BN liras and our international sales rose 23% to 2.4BN liras," said Ersin Ozince, Chairman. N 2883 GLASS CHARTER 2020: WORKING TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 13-14 The Annual Glass Industry Health and Safety Conference was held 3rd May 2012 in Stoke-on-Trent, UK. A landmark event, the conference saw the unveiling of the glass industry's new strategy: "GLASS Charter 2020" and its renewed commitment to continuous improvements in health and safety. This article reports on the day's events, and looks at the release of new documents by British Glass, which are aimed at promoting a safer working environment. N 2884 COUNTING THE COST OF SAFETY FAILINGS GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 19-25 The HSE is the national independent watchdog for work-related health, safety and illness in the UK. A proposal to place a duty on the HSE to recover costs where duty-holders are found to be in material breach of health and safety law is expected to be implemented by October 2012. In this article, the author explains what this proposal will mean for glass manufacturers. N 2885 HEALTH RISKS FROM THE USE OF ASBESTOS AND CERAMIC FIBRES F NOVOTNY & I ZACKOVA INST CHEM TECHNOL, PRAGUE & SKLO UNION, CZECH REPUBLIC GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 28-31 While two causes have been identified for the harmful effect of asbestos, there is no clear proof as to which is the main culprit. In this article, the authors investigate both the chemical toxicity of the asbestos surface and the mechanical damage of cells caused by sharp fibre endings in order to shed some light on the matter. PACKAGING PA 890 EUROPEAN GLASS PACKAGING VOLUMES UP IN 2011 www.feve.org European glass packaging production volumes have grown by 4.7% in the first half of 2011, according to figures from the European Container Glass Federation. In the first six months of 2011, Europe produced 10.6 Mtonnes of glass compared to 10.2 Mtonnes in the same period last year. France was up 7.2% in production volumes with Germany up 7.1%, Italy up 6.4% and Turkey up 15%. According to Feve, the results signal a recovered confidence from customers and consumers." Feve president Niall Wall said: Glass packaging remains one of the reference materials for brands and retailers to deliver high quality food and drinks to both domestic and export markets because glass brings great added value while remaining at a competitive price. Such signals reinforce our confidence in the fact that consumers simply trust glass because of its environmental, health and taste preservation qualities. Page 63 of 116 PA 891 UK PACKAGING AWARDS 2011 WINNERS: GLASS PACK OF THE YEAR http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/news /awards-winners/ More than 620 people gathered at the London Hilton on Park Lane on 16 November 2011, to celebrate the very best packaging and companies in the UK market. Crown Closures Europe stole the show with its Orbit easy-open lid for jars, winning three awards for the technology, while Logson Group took home the UK Packaging Company of the Year award. Shortlisted in the glass category were: Allied Glass Containers 700ml The Naked Grouse; Ardagh Group Glenlivet Malt Whisky 12 and 15 year old versions; Webb deVlam Bombay Sapphire Limited Edition Bottle. To read more and see the list in full, please visit: http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/news /awards-winners/ PA 892 VERALLIA PRESENTS NEW IMAGE OF PREMIUM SIGNATURE AT LUXE PACK MONACO 2011 GLASS TECHNOLOGY (EUR J GLASS SCI) 52 5 OCTOBER 2011 180 With a new logo, new image and new range, Selective Line reaffirms its position in the premium market and is now structured around three axes: The Collection includes a series of stock bottles available in stock or for order, depending on the model. Using the extra flint quality, the range is also available in a variety of feeder colours, including extra black glass. Creativ'Lab is a state-of-the-art creation and innovation centre that brings together experts in glassmaking and premium decoration techniques to design new glass packaging and decoration projects. Equipped with the most efficient communication tools, the centre provides a space for collaborative work in real time that optimises the design-to-production time. Creativ'Lab is based at the site of Verallia's integrated partner, Saga Decor, in Pont Sainte Maxence, France, just 30 minutes from Charles de Gaulle Airport, making it even easier to develop close working relationships with international customers. Tailor-Made is a service dedicated to accelerating product development with project managers who work alongside customers throughout the design process. According to Verallia, Selective Line's strength lies in its global presence and the complementary nature of its products and services. PA 893 ELECTRONIC LABELS LIGHT UP BEVERAGE BOTTLES RETAIL PACKING NOV-DEC/2011 10 Innovia Films Ltd, a leading global manufacturer of speciality films, and PragmatIC Printing Ltd,a pioneer in imprinted logic circuits, has announced the successful integration of printed electronic functionality onto Innovia Films' Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) label substrates. The first prototypes are interactive bottle labels that activate a sequence of flashing lights when the bottle is held. Schott White CEO of PragmatIC Printing commented: "Our collaboration with Innovai Films has demonstrated that our unique imprinted electronics can be integrated successfully onto label and packaging films." Steve Langstaff, OPP Product Manager at Innovia enthused: "This is a highly significant step for BOPP. Innovia Films is well known within the packaging and labels arena as a proactive developer of specialist surfaces on BOPP films. This exciting development is only a small part of a larger project getting printable electronics into volume packaging markets." For more information, please visit: www.innoviafilms.com Page 64 of 116 PA 894 INNOVATIVE GLASS PACKAGING BY O-I WINS RECOGNITON WITH CLUTCH OF HIGH PROFILE DESIGN AWARDS RETAIL PACKAGING NOV-DEC/2011 19 Glass bottles in innovative designs are key to creating successful brands, attracting consumers' attention and setting new trends. This has been demonstrated recently by a number of award-winning glass bottles produced by O-I. The awards have been won across many different segments NAB, beer and wine - around the world, showing the flexibility of glass as a packaging material. Among the glass bottles to be recognised for their innovation and creativity is the Gizebottle, which is produced for the Gize mineral water from Canadian Mineral Water SA. It has received a total of 10 national and international awards through 2011, including the Gold Pentaward 2011, beating almost 1000 competitors from five continents. For more information, please visit: www.http://GlassisLife.com PA 895 BEATSON CLARK WINS PRESTIGIOUS CONTRACT ASIAN GLASS JANUARY 2012 18 Beatson Clark has won a prestigious contract to supply bottles for a range of high-end sauces and dressings, developed by Wiltshire-based OwentPotts. The deal extends the existing relationship between the Rotherham-based glass manufacturer and Owen Potts, who made his name as an inventor of sauces, jams, condiments and dressings for brands, large and small, before launching a range under his own name. Michelle Potts (Owen's wife), praised the design saying: "We love the bottle: it has a tall, slim silhouette that suites the simple label and it really makes the products stand out from the crowd." Beatson's sales and marketing director Lynn Sidebottom said: "We've supplied glass containers to Owen Potts since he first launched 4 years ago and we're really pleased that the company has chosen us to proide the bottles for its new range." The new Owen Potts ranges will be sold exclusively through Sainsbury's stores. PA 896 BENCHMARK PACKAGING - AG BARR CONTRACT SECURED GMPA 6/2011 20 Scottish Benchmark Packaging has invested £60,000 in new machinery to secure a major contract with soft drinks producer AG Barr to label more than 3M/bottles of major soft drinks. Once complete, the Barrs returnable glass bottles - unique in the soft drinks market - will be sold for use in licensed premises throughout the UK. Benchmark's MD, Russell Cohen said: "When we re-launched our contract packaging division early 2011 we made the decision to go head-to-head with the UK's leading contract packers in order to give Scottish businesses the option to keep their work north of the border. In order to achieve this, we planned to invest £500,000 in our management team, facilities, processes and new product areas during 2011-12, although at the time we didn't envisage any of the investment paying such immediate dividends." Benchmark's clients also include Chivas Brothers, Chesapeake, Burns Stewart, The Edrington Group, and William Grant & Sons. PA 897 NEW BOTTLE FOR MOMBASA CLUB GIN PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL NOVDEC 2011 13 Spanish-based Unesdi has released its Mombasa Club gin in an attractive glass bottle. The 700ml blow glass flagon has excellent shelf appeal and is closed with a plastic-topped cork stopper. The self-adhesive paper labels are litho-printed and feature semi-domed raised text on the front. Page 65 of 116 PA 898 [USA] NEW REUSABLE PACK FROM COCA-COLA PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL NOVDEC/11 13 A brilliant reusable pack from CocaCola in the USA includes a bottle opener and 12 237ml gravure-printed blown glass bottles with crimped-on, tin plate crown caps held in a "party tub." A litho-printed and perforated corrugated insert, which also protects the huge tin plate bucket, is over printed with the Coca-Cola logo. Handles on each side of the bucket improve portability. PA 899 TESCO's NEW LIGHTWEIGHT CHAMPAGNE BOTTLE PACKAGING NEWS JAN 2012 4 Tesco has started stocking a new lighter-weight champagne bottle as it pledged to cut the weight of all its champagne bottles in the coming years. The supermarket giant began selling its exclusive De Vallois champagne in a 830g bottle that is around 7% lighter than the standard version in December 2011. De Vallois' new bottle is the result of an initiative led by the champagne industry body CIVC. PA 900 STO PROVIDES MARINE BLUE FOR GANT www.stoelzle.com One of the stars on Stolzle Flaconnage's stand at Packaging Innovations will be the marine-inspired bottle they have produced for Gant's first in-house fragrance. Rectangular, it features a braided wicker pattern moulded into the deep sea blue glass. It comes in 50ml and 100ml. A rectangular cartouche three quarters of the way up the bottle allows the name to be moulded onto a plain background. "The production of this attractively masculine bottle has required the highest level of quality control," said Franck Legrand, Sales Director for Stolzle France SAS. "It was essential to fulfil the design concept of the brand as created by Pierre Dinand. We undertook considerable research, both to ensure the moulding of the pattern remained constant around the bottle, particularly at the shoulder and the base, and that the colour homogeneity of the Kobalt blue glass was maintained. We are delighted with the result." For more information, please visit: www.stoelzle.com PA 901 BEATSON CLARK PROVIDES A CORKING NEW BOTTLE www.beatsonclark.co.uk Glass manufacturer Beatson Clark has helped Global Brands to rebrand its Corky's product by providing an embossed bottle for the drink. Global Brands began working with Beatson Clark 18 months ago when it moved filling operations for the Corky's drink to the UK. Beatson Clark has now redesigned the 500ml white flint bottle with a standard 31.5mm ROPP neck finish, to replace the previous cork neck. "At Beatson Clark we take pride in our new flexible approach and the fact that we can offer small production runs," said Sales & Marketing Director Lynn Sidebottom. "This flexibility makes us the ideal choice for companies launching or trialling new products or re-branding existing products like Corky's Liqueurs." PA 902 AUCHENTOSHAN MOVES TO GICEL GLASS http://www.alliedglass.com/news/auchentoshanmoves-gicel-glass For the first time since the Auchentoshan Distillery was granted its distillery licence in 1823, this truly unique single malt Scotch Whisky has been bottled in a beautiful superpremium flint glass bottle. Manufactured using Allied s stunning Gicel Glass, this elegant oval shaped bottle, has a sleek and modern image, with intricate embossing and a thick base, which reflects the stylish and unique Auchentoshan brand. Ian Page 66 of 116 Hamilton, Purchasing and Packaging Development Manager at Morrison Bowmore Distillers says: These elegant bottles have great presence on- shelf, the outstanding clarity of Gicel Glass reinforcing the premium and unique qualities of the Auchentoshan whisky brand. The outstanding feature of the Gicel premium flint glass is the extraordinary clarity of the glass. In the main, clear glass bottles have a tinge of colour, however Gicel Glass has a purity that is incredible. Philip Morris, Sales and Marketing Director, says: Here at Allied Glass we nurture a very special culture which embraces creativity and manufacturing discipline, technical vision and creative enthusiasm, all of which have been vital elements in the creation of our stunning Gicel Glass. He concludes: These Auchentoshan bottles are an excellent example of how Gicel Glass can help our customers to develop packaging that gives them a competitive edge over rival brands. As the only fully triple distilled single malt whisky in Scotland, Auchentoshan is a contemporary spirit, aimed to appeal to a new era of whisky drinkers. PA 903 NEW BOTTLE FOR CZECH BEER www.glassonline.com 26 MARCH 2012 Czech beer brewer Staropramen is investing more than EUR 8M in a new bottle, part of the programme updates of the brand: the new slogan "One for all and all for one" and a new logo, which was unchanged over the last six years. In 2011 the Czech Republic sold more packaged beer than draft beer in pubs and restaurants. This long-term trend intends to increase home consumption of beer, and Staropramen s investments are in response to this trend. "Because people are increasingly drinking beer at home, we decided to give them this opportunity and offer a unique new bottle of beer, said Zbynek Fuller, executive director of Staropramen beer. The new package not only reflects the innovative and modern Staropramen brand, but also relies on tradition." The new glass bottle has a logo is in the form of a capital S in a wreath and the inscription 1869. So far, the company has invested US$ 200M. Complete replacement of all half-litre glass bottles of Staropramen beer will take place in coming weeks, depending on the time needed for the return of old bottles from the market. PA 904 IPA SHAKE-UP WOOS YOUNG MALES TO ALES THE GROCER 31 MARCH 2012 30 Greene King is revamping its IPA brand and splashing out £4M on a marketing push in a bid to modernise the image of the ale category. Two new brews are being added to the range in 500ml glass bottles: 4.1% abv IPA Gold, a golden ale aimed at younger drinkers, and 5.4% abv IPA Reserve for premium ale aficionados. The brewer is also re-branding the entire IPA range. PA 905 WEST INDIAN EXTRA HOT PEPPER SAUCE LAUNCED MARCH 2012 IN GLASS THE GROCER 31 MARCH 2012 52 Encona has launched its hottest-ever SKU in time for the barbecue season. The first 100 bottles were sold via its Facebook page before the official launch. "Fans have been clamouring for us to take the heat to a new level," said brand manager Giuseppe Vullo. "We have responded with a distinctive, spicy sauce featuring some of the hottest peppers, including Jolokia and Scotch Bonnet." Packaged in a distinctive clear glass bottle, the sauce retails at £1.59. PA 906 CELEBRATORY SUMMER WILL DRIVE BOOZE AND SAUCES THE GROCER 31 MARCH 2012 54 "For Brits, not having alcohol at a barbecue is like forgetting the burters," said Richard Benjamin, MD of Manchester Drinks. Like many alcohol Page 67 of 116 suppliers, Benjamin feels there is significant room for category growth this year as key events drive celebratory sales. "We expect that with the Olympics, Jubilee and Euro 2012, sales will be our highest todate." Dan Townsend, GM at Treasury Wine Estates UK & Ireland, believes some brands will benefit more than others, particularly those already associated with sunnier climes, such as Australian and Shiraz Cabernet wines - but, retailers could do more to appeal to consumer tastes. "Retailers often overlook red wine when crosspromoting in the barbecue season, despite the fact that many consumers prefer red wines with more pronounced food flavours, rather than lighter whites, to accompany barbecue meat," he said. Traditionally, it is the beer brands that capitalise - and they will be pulling out all the stops this year to ensure that's still the case. Chang Beer is offering a specialedition branded barbecue this summer in an effort to associate its glass bottles with the occasion. Foster's meanwhile, is to roll out a £7.5M campaign in a bid to position Foster's Gold as a mainstream premium lager. Both will be keen to capitalise on the 30% value growth in sales of long alcoholic drinks that mixed social occasions can bring. PA 907 THE CHATTERING PACKAGES THE PACKAGING PROFESSIONAL MARCH-APRIL 2012 3 Talking packaging could be the future, thanks to a new mobile phone technology being developed by a Finnish research centre. Researchers at VTT Technical Research Centre of Otaniemi, Finland, have found a way to use NFC (near field communication) technology to turn packaging into gateway for more information. NFC allows the wireless transfer of digital information over a short range between objects by placing them close together, and could be used to help those with visual or hearing difficulties to identify indistinct products. Chip- bearing stickers are added to a product, which, when scanned by a shopper's smart phone, prompts anything from normal text, audio or a link to a web page to load on the screen. Marja Harjumaa, a research scientist at VTT, points out that it could be an effective way for the food packaging industry to display detailed information in a small area. The chip comes battery-free and can be constantly updated with new information, unlike conventional barcodes or more modern QR (quick response) codes that cannot be changed after they are set. NFC tags are said to be easier to use than barcodes and QR codes, both of which can be scanned by shoppers using their phone's built-in cameras to access additional information or compare prices. PA 908 COBALT BLUE GLASS FOR USA BEER LAUNCH GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 13 Verallia North America is a key supplier of the cobalt blue coloured bottles for the recently-introduced Bud Light Platinum beer launched by Anheuser-Busch InBev in the USA. The eye-catching cobalt blue beer bottle not only differentiates the product on the shelf and supports the brand identity but is also completely recyclable. PA 909 CLEAR LOOK LABELS FOR CONTEMPORARY BEER BRAND GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 13 Carlsberg UK has formed a partnership with Mahou-San Miguel of Spain to create San Miguel Fresca. Spear created contemporary, clear look labels to complement this dynamic brand. Fresca is brewed by Carlsberg UK, who describes the product as a "crisp refreshing lager, best served chilled with a slice of lime." The Spear team worked closely with its suppliers to achieve this look Page 68 of 116 on clear, pressure-sensitive labels. Spear collaborated with its ink supplier to develop a soft touch matt varnish; this was combined with an innovative "course touch" tactile varnish to create a contoured effect. UV inks were then utilised to create a standout visual contrast on the bottle. Spear also reduced costs by employing an innovative thin material for a wider front label, enhancing the premium "no label" look. PA 910 ABSOLUT GLIMMER BOTTLE WINS PACKAGING AWARD GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 14 Ardagh Group was among the winners at the 2012 iF Packaging Design Awards for one of its most recent glass packaging developments. The limited edition Absolut Glimmer features an innovative glass bottle, produced and decorated in-line at Limmared, Sweden. Ardagh worked closely with Pernod Ricard to create a distinct appearance and texture, creating something truly different to provide the trade with an engaging consumer proposition by representing something bold, innovative and interesting in store. PA 911 LIMITED EDITION RETRO BOTTLE DEVELOPED GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 14 The Hubertus deer head, symbolising the herbal liqueur brand Jagermeister, is as internationally renowned as the beverage itself. This iconic symbol features strongly on the brand's limited edition retro bottle, produced by O-I. Once a traditional brand with a slightly old-fashioned image, Jagermeister herbal liqueur is now enjoyed worldwide by a wide range of consumers. The brand's limited edition package highlights this evolution by combining tradition with modernity. In addition to the deer head embossed on the back of the bottle and the lettering on its side, a historic label communicates the history, spanning over 75 years, behind this iconic product. The distinctive bottle design is also characterised by its vintage look and textured surface, its robust squareedged shape and its hallmark green colour, which was specially developed for Jagermeister. PA 912 GLASS BOOSTS BEER SALES GLASS INTERNATIONAL MAY 2012 6 According to a company report, O-I's Vortex bottle has played a major role in a sales boost for Australia's Gage Roads Brewing Company. The company has reported a 25% year-onyear increase in its Wahoo Premium Ale sales since the introduction of the Vortex bottle and changes to the beer's label and secondary packaging. PA 913 [PET] MILK - SOARING COSTS CREATE CRUSHING CLIMATE FOR MILK PROCESSORS THE GROCER MARCH 2013 12-13 Life in UK liquid milk is tough. Rising input costs, fierce competition for supply and supermarket price wards have put processor margins under continuing strain. But even by recent downbeat standards, the current mood is dark with two liquid milk businesses hitting the buffers this year, Quadra Foods and the processing arm of Dairystix maker Farmright Group, both called in administrators in February, followed in early March by Rock Farm Dairy. So what's changed? Much of the answer can be found in the global commodity markets. A dramatic fall in the price of bulk cream - an important source of income for processors coupled with soaring prices on fuel and plastics has put extra strain on a sector already operating on wafer-thin margins. According to DairyCo, the price of cream in February was £1.18/litre (25% below 2011). The Platts index, a key indicator of plastics prices, has hit £1.285/t, up from an average of £1.106/t in the last six Page 69 of 116 months of 2011. Experts estimate these two factors alone translate into roughly £125M in additional, annualised costs to the sector - and that's before even taking into account the rising cost of fuel. That £125M extra consists of: £276.1/M litres of cream produced annually; £105M lost income on all cream produced: 110,000/t of plastic used in milk bottles per year; and £19.6M extra plastics cost based on 178.1/t price increase. PA 914 ALE URGES BRITS TO "KEEP CALM AND CELEBRATE" THE GROCER MARCH 2012 28 Spitfire Premium Kentish Ale, packaged in clear glass bottles, were rolled out in May in limited-edition celebration livery. The packs - dubbed the "Bottle of Britain" - carry Union Jack branding and a neck collar sporting the motto: "Keep Calm and Celebrate." Brand owner Shepherd Neame said the bottle had been developed to meet the need for products for the Jubilee, Olympics and Euro 2012. "Retailers need eventfocussed products for a range of opportunities," said brand manager Kate Maclean. PA 915 DIAGEO SETS OUT £1BN SCOTCH WHISKY INVESTMENT PLAN http://www.diageo.com/enrow/newsmedia/pages/resource.aspx? resourceid=1286 Diageo has announced its intention to set out £1billion Scotch whisky investment plan which will include: New malt whisky distillery and major expansion of existing distilleries; Substantial warehousing expansion to store maturing spirit; Hundreds of jobs created in Diageo and wider Scottish economy. Diageo, the world s leading premium drinks business, has unveiled plans to invest over £1billion in Scotch whisky production over the next five years to meet growing global demand for its brands. A major new malt distillery will be built as part of the investment, alongside a programme of major expansion at a number of Diageo s existing distilleries. Detailed plans will also be developed for a second new distillery which will be built if global demand for Scotch is sustained at expected levels. The company also plans to invest in substantial new warehousing capacity to house the millions of additional litres of Scotch whisky which the distillation investment will produce. PA 916 DIAGEO AFRICA WINS "GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE" AWARD AT AFRICA BUSINESS AWARDS http://www.diageo.com/enrow/newsmedia/pages/resource.aspx? resourceid=1296 Diageo, the world s leading premium drinks company, has won the Good Corporate Governance award at the 2012 African Business Awards. The event which is organised by Africa Business magazine and the Commonwealth Business Council (CBC), was held in London on 7 June and attended by more than 300 leaders from government, business and the diplomatic community. The African Business Awards have, over the last five years, become a prestigious platform to celebrate business excellence and best practice, recognising the leaders and companies that are driving Africa s rapidly transforming economies. Winners have made an outstanding contribution to the development of the continent, the economic empowerment of its citizens and the transformation of Africa s image in international markets. The Good Corporate Governance award recognises responsible business ethics and practices, transparency and an active policy to tackle corruption. On receiving the award, Anne McCormick, Corporate Relations Director, Diageo Africa, remarked that, At the core of Diageo s business and our values is the commitment to being one of the world s most respected companies, with an earned reputation of integrity, Page 70 of 116 fairness and good governance. This is a source of pride for our employees and is core to the long term success and sustainability of our business. As a leading business in Africa, we also believe we have an important role to play in working with other businesses, governments and civil society to build an environment where good governance is understood, expected and celebrated. Diageo s comprehensive guidelines for business compliance, controls and ethics are enshrined in a global Code of Business Conduct, which is translated into 19 languages and observed as the minimum standard in all of the 180 countries in which the company operates. PA 917 MOLSON COORS (UK AND IRELAND) TARGETS WOMEN WITH LAUNCH OF ANIMEE http://www.molsoncoors.com Recently launched Animée is part of Molson Coors ambition to make beer a real choice for women who are vital in growing a shrinking beer market, which currently attributes just 17% of its sales to females. The 4% ABV beer is lightly sparkling and finely filtered with a delicious, fresh taste. Animée will be available in three variants: clear filtered , crisp rosé and zesty lemon. The new brand positioning aims to dispel the perception among women that all beers look and taste the same and that there is nothing to tell them apart. The positioning is supported by Animée s unexpectedly sophisticated appearance and delicious, fresh taste. Kristy McCready, Communications Partner, Molson Coors (UK & Ireland) said: Women are an essential part of future growth for the beer industry and can no longer be ignored. We need to repair the reputation of beer among women by launching products that meet their needs. Driving a growth in beer consumption among women is no mean feat. Currently 79% of women in the UK never or rarely drink beer, only accepting to drink beer on a small number of occasions. At Molson Coors we have put a lot of time into finding out why women aren't drinking beer, conducting an insight programme with over 30,000 women, and what would make them change their minds. The result is Animée, which we see as an exciting opportunity to break down the barriers between women and beer. The brand plan and the product design are feminine and sophisticated without being patronising. Animée is the result of two years of NPD driven by industry and consumer insights from the BitterSweet Partnership, a multi-million pound business set up by Molson Coors in 2009 to remove the gender imbalance that exists around beer consumption and make beer an aspirational choice for women. Working with VCCP Blue, Molson Coors will launch a £2 million advertising campaign to drive awareness of Animée among consumers and the trade. PA 918 MOLSON COORS RECEIVE REGULATORY APPROVAL RELATED TO STARBEV ACQUISITION http://www.molsoncoors.com Molson Coors Brewing Company announced on 6 June that it has received regulatory approval from the European Competition Commission, related to its acquisition of StarBev, which was previously announced on April 3, 2012. This approval follows previous regulatory approvals from the Serbian Commission for the Protection of Competition, as well as the AntiMonopoly Committee of Ukraine. We are pleased to have received the EU regulatory approval and look forward to closing before the end of the month, as previously indicated, said Peter Swinburn, President and Chief Executive Officer of Molson Coors. We continue to be impressed with the StarBev team and operations, and expect to hit the ground running upon closing this highly compelling transaction. In May, the Company successfully completed an offering of Page 71 of 116 $1.9 billion in debt securities, the proceeds of which will be used to finance the acquisition. PA 920 ALLIED GLASS WINS WORLD WHISKY DESIGN AWARD http://www.alliedglass.com/news/allied-wins-worldwhisky-design-award Allied Glass Containers has recently been awarded the Best Bottle accolade at the inaugural World Whisky Design Awards for The Naked Grouse bottle manufactured for The Edrington Group. Praised for being an excellent and original bottle and a great example of challenging existing whisky packaging, The Naked Grouse bottle was particularly applauded for its creative and effective use of embossing for the grouse, allowing the bottle to work without the need for a label. The World Whiskies Design Awards recognise excellence in pack design and innovation and are judged by an international panel of design experts. PA 921 CONSOL GLASS LAUNCHES SOLAR JAR http://supermomsa.co.za/2012/01/cons ols-new-solar-jar/lifestyle/ Lauched this year, South African glass container manfacturer Consol Glass has come up with an innovation in container glass. According to a news report: Many South Africans are without adequate electricity supply, and those who do have electricity are subject to the inconsistent power supply due to load shedding and power outages. This prompted leading glass manufacturer Consol Glass to provide an alternative lighting solution one that is safe, sustainable and easy to use. The Solar Jar is made up of a solar-powered light housed safely in the classic Consol jar. Fitted with solar-powered LED lights, the lid has solar panelling that, when placed in the sunlight, powers the LED batteries for almost six hours before it needs to be recharged. It also has a switch on the lid for the user s control, proving that the Jar is energy-efficient and safe to use. The Consol Solar Jar is perfect for when the lights go out, for patio dining, or romantic dinners, camping, in fact any outdoor activity that needs soft, safe lighting. From this it is clear that the uses for this innovative new creation are endless, making the Consol Solar Jar a timeless piece. PA 922 ROYAL SALUTE TO JUBILEE GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE/12 8 Pernod Richard-owned Scotch whisky Royal Salute is celebrating the Queen's Diamond Jubilee with the unveiling of a limited edition bottle. The porcelain flagon is finished with a rich, royal-blue glaze and presented in a hand-crafted display box. PRIMARY PAPERS PP 1510 NEW ANNEALING TECHNIQUE IN OPTICAL GLASS PRODUCES GREATEST HOMOGENEITY ANON GLASS INT., 23 11 1942 424-25 Seven pictures and their caption describe the new process of heat treating optical glass developed by ED Tillyer of the American Optical Co PP 1511 SIMULTANEOUS ANNEALING OF THICK AND THIN WALLED GLASS OBJECTS IN A SPECIAL ANNEALING FURNACE FH ZSCHACKE GLASHUTTE 72 1942 49-52; ABSTRACTED IN CHEM.ZENTR., II 13 1942 1504-1505 It is possible to cool thick and thin walled ware simultaneously in a belt annealing furnace, provided the highest temperatures attained in Page 72 of 116 PP 1512 ANNEALING OF GLASS WA WEYL AND AG PINCUS JOUR. APPLIED PHYSICS 14 1 1943 37-39 The rate of removal of mechanical strain should follow maxwells first order law but for glasses it has been found that the rate is proportional to the square of the birefringence. The authors explain this in terms of the structural picture of glass. During annealing the stress optical constant of the glass as well as its viscosity undergoes a continuous change. Birefringence is not a correct measure of the stress and the adamswilliamson findings are only apparently in contradiction to the classical derivation of maxwell. PP 1513 ANNEALING OF FLAT GLASS B DARAGAN VERRES ET REFRACTAIRES 5 3 1951 135-43; TRANSLATED IN GLASS IND., 33 2 1952 69-74, 98-99 The mechanical concept of the annealing process advanced by Adams and Williamson and the structural concept of Lebedev are discussed. D prefers the latter which considers birefringence only as the net result of density changes corresponding to variations in structural state and not as the sole criteria for annealing. Changes in density and refractive index of quenched vs annealed glasses are both subject to two effects opposite in direction but in the case of density the net effect is a greater percentage change than in the case of refractive index; therefore density measurements are preferred. PP 1514 GLASS FORMATION REGION IN THE SYSTEM ANORTHITEDIOPSIDEACKERMANITE TA ABDUVALIEV ET AL TR MOSK.KHIM-TEKHNOL.INST 1978 P 109-11 The glass formation capacity is related to solid phase reactions. PP 1515 ANORTHITE: A NEW FORM OF RAW MATERIAL FOR THE GLASS INDUSTRY LP EFIMOVA ET AL GLASS AND CERAMICS 31 11-12 1974 777-778 The use of anorthite for the production of a calcium aluminosilicate glass is described. The use of this material which contains 35% alumina can provide all the necessary alumina for this type of glass and enable economies on dolomite and san to be achieved. PP 1516 CRYSTALLISATION OF ANORTHITE FROM CaO-Al2O3-Si02 GLASSES MSY BHATTY ET AL MINERALOG MAG 37 291 1970 780-9 The xray powder diffraction pattern of synthetic anorthite crystallised from a CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass having an anorthite (1:1:2) molar ratio is identical with that reported in the literature and also with that of a natural Japanese anorthite specimen. Increasing the CaO or SiO2 content of the parent glasses used for crystallisation studies has no measurable effect on that portion of the powder pattern attributable to anorthite. However, glasses containing an excess of Al2O3 ranging from 5 to 10mol% gave after crystallisation at temperatures below c.1150oC, a distinctively different powder pattern. Several powder reflectios that arw normally strong such as 220,112 etc. were found to be virtually absent. Moreover, the chemical excess od Al2O3 did not Page 73 of 116 PP 1517 IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIDAZZLE GLASSES, MORE PARTICULARLY SUN-GLASS FILTERS. JD MOLLER OPTISCHE WERKE GmbH B.P 1128476, 25.9.68 Elementary boron is added to silicon dioxide or a silicon dioxide containing substance and this mixture of substances is evaporated on to the glass filter under vacuum. PP 1518 THE SELECTION OF THE BEST ELEMENTAL VARIABLES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS SAMPLES D A HICKMAN ET AL METROPOLITAN POLICE FORENSIC SCIENCE LABS FORENSIC SCI INT 23 1983 189-212 Neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, flame atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry have been employed to measure the absolute concentrations of 22 elements in a group of 49 colourless sheet, container and tableware glasses of refractive index: 1.5177-1.5183. The elements determined were: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Sc, Eu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sc, Sr, Th, U and Zn. The data have been examined by cluster analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis and recommendations are made concerning the best elements to determine for the forensic purpose of achieving satisfactory classification of the samples analysed. PP 1519 CLASSIFICATION AND TESTING LUBRICATIVE COATINGS FOR GLASS CONTAINERS GCMI GLASS CONTAINER MANUFACTURERS INST, USA GCMI BULLETIN NO 63, 1965 A classification of coatings and outline of recommended test methods for lubricative coatings for glass containers is specified in this report. The classification was adopted by the Committee on Container Design & Specification on June 29, 1965, and sent out as an Industry Bulletin. PP 1520 METHODS FOR TESTING LUBRICITY AND SCRATCH RESISTANCE OF COATED GLASS CONTAINERS GMIC GLASS CONTAINER MANUFACTURERS INST, USA GMIC TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO 64, 1965 This report presents methods for testing lubricity and scratch resistance of coated glass containers. Two tests for evaluating lubricating coatings on glass are: (i) Lubricity; and, (ii) Scratch. The first is essentially a measure of static coefficient of friction between glass containers under no load except their own weight. The second is a measure of static coefficient of friction between glass containers under no load except their own weight. The second is a measure of the load needed to develop glassto-glass contact between two glass containers in sliding contact. PP 1521 COMPUTER MODELLED INTERNAL PRESSURE STRENGTH PREDICTIONS FOR REFILLABLE GLASS CONTAINERS B O AUGUSTSSON et al GLASTECH BER 1986 59 5 121-131 The strength of a glass container under different types of loads will be determined by several interrelated factors. Varying stresses will be produced at different locations on a bottle surface when loads are applied to the bottle, due to different bottle shapes, wall thicknesses and wall thickness variations. This study provides a method which may be used to describe the stress and strength at each location on a glass container surface, and also provide a fracture strength distribution for certain types of loads. Page 74 of 116 PP 1522 INVESTIGATIONS OF STRESSES IN GLASS BOTTLES UNDER INTERNAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (PARTS 1, 2 & 3) J M TEAGUE JR & H H BLAU OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA J AM CERAM SOC 39 7 1956 229252 The behaviour of glass bottles under internal hydrostatic pressure has been studied. Three commercial beer bottle designs were investigated by four different methods of experimental stress analysis, namely, photoelastic, electric strain gauge, brittle coating, and brittle model methods. The "fixation" or "stress-freezing" method of three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis employing Fosterite models has been applied to the study of glass bottles apparently for the first time. By this method, extensive measurements of the surface stress distributions have been made and are presented in graphical form. Other tests corroborate these results and illustrate the characteristics of bottles under internal pressure, including the effects of certain elements of bottle design. Results obtained by all four methods correlate well and should find valuable and practical applications in similar studies on other types of glass containers. PP 1523 THE INTERNAL PRESSURE STRENGTH OF GLASS BOTTLES UNDER LONG-TERM AND SHORTTERM STRESS (BGIRA TRANSLATION 670) G SCHONBRUNN GLASTECH BER 38 8 1965 329-333 Until now, only experiments of short duration have been undertaken to determine the strength characteristics of glass, in particular of glass containers. The existing test methods are: The bursting pressure test or the rapid breakage pressure test; the oneminute test and the one-minute incremental pressure test; the thermal shock resistance test; & the optical polarisation test. As in practice, glass containers are often subjected for long periods to excess internal pressure, this raises the question of their behaviour under long duration, continuous loading. From other fields, it is known that short duration experiments do not permit conclusions about long-term behaviour to be made, ie with many materials, it is necessary to study the long-term behaviour, as some properties change with time because of the interaction of the structure and chemical composition of the materials with the influences of environment or operating conditions. The duration of the stress also greatly affects the strength. To follow up these questions, experiments of long duration were carried out. PP 1524 STUDIES CORRELATING BOTTLING LINE WITH PRESSURE TEST BREAKAGE A HERMAN & H M KINDSVATER JACS 25 15 1942 434-438 An investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not the Preston hydrostatic pressure machine, modified so that an initial pressure of 25lb per sq. in. may be obtained, is capable of predicting bottling-line production breakage by pressure tests on samples of the bottles in use. The quart and fifth-gallon bottles investigated were round, whereas the pint and half-pint bottles were of the flask type. Correlating data between production and the percentage of test breakage for quart and pint bottles are significant, and data for fifth gallons, although less significant, are definitely positive. Half-pint data yielded no significant relationship between the percentage of production breakage to test breakage, but this is probably the result of abnormal bottling-line conditions. A method of determining the range of production breakage percentage to that of test breakage by the use of the standard error of estimate is described. Page 75 of 116 PP 1525 A STANDARD FOR GLASS BOTTLES USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY L S SERGEEVA & V N KURITSYNA GLASS & CERAMICS 36 10 1979 577-579 One of the most important problems of the glass industry is to lower the amount of defective products and to raise the quality of packaging material to meet the conditions of being filled on high-speed bottling lines. During the revision of GOST 13906-68 "Bottles of Liquid Foodstuffs Technical Requirements," before the Branch of the State Scientific Research Inst for Glass, the following tasks were set up: a more exact definition of the individual indices of quality for bottles and testing methods; the introduction of new rules for the acceptance and establishment of requirements for products subject to certification by the State Sign of Quality. This article reviews current national and foreign standards and analyses the differences between various countries. The index for the resistance to internal hydrostatic pressure of the bottles is lower in GOST 13906 than in foreign standards. The determination of the hydrolytic class of stability is not specified in GOST 13906, whereas in other foreign standards the hydrolytic class of grading to which the bottle glass must belong is indicated. PP 1526 IDENTIFICATION OF SMALL GLASS FRAGMENTS FOR FORENSIC PURPOSES http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil .gov.au/reports/9-80.pdf This publication forms the final report of the Criminology Research Council project 9/80 entitled "The Identification of Small Glass Fragments for Forensic Purposes". The project was funded over a two year period from August 1980 to August 1982 with grants. The aim of the project was to implement a rapid and sensitive nondestructivemethod, based upon a scanning electron microscope, for the identification and comparison of small glass fragments. Full details of the various facets of the research programme have been recorded in two annual reports to the Criminology Research Council (Terry, van Riessen and Lynch 1981, 1982). These topics are listed in Appendix A of this report. This final report attempts to give an overall view of glass, glass analysis and the uses to which the analyses may be put. It is hoped that this will be of interest to law enforcement personnel and others in the criminal justice area as well as forensic scientists. PP 1527 CHARACTERIZATION OF GLASS SURFACES C T LEE & D E CLARK UNIVERSITY FLORIDA, USA APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE SCIENCE 1985 20 397-412 Significant advances have been made during the last 15 years in our understanding of glass surfaces & their environmental reactivity. The major reason for this advancement is the large array of surface analytical techniques that has been developed and applied to many industrial problems. One specific area of research where surface analysis has been proven valuable is glass corrosion. Until recently, the principal methods for studying degradation of glasses were weight loss measurements & solution analytical techniques. Neither of these provide information on surface alterations resulting from corrosion. Consequently, very little was known about the variety of mechanisms by which glass corrosion occurs. Currently,a multi-technique approach is being used in many laboratories around the world in order to achieve a better understanding of corrosion on glasses designed for immobilizing nuclear wastes. Similar approaches are being taken to solve problems related to conventional glass fabrication, glass preservation, & to Page 76 of 116 new glass manufacturing processes based on sol-gel technology. In this paper, several techniques which are being routinely used to characterize glass surfaces are discussed. PP 1528 CORROSION OF GLASS SURFACES D E CLARK & L YEN-BOWER UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA SURFACE SCIENCE 1980 100 53-70 Solution analyses and weight losses traditionally have been used for studying glass corrosion. These techniques provide very little, if any, information concerning the nature of the reaction layer remaining on the glass surface after corrosion. Several analytical surface techniques are now being applied routinely to the characterization of glass and glass surfaces. A clearer understanding of corrosion mechanisms and kinetics emerges when a combination of surface and solution analysis is employed. PP 1529 SINGLE-NUMBER TOLERANCES FOR COLOURED GLASS SPECIFICATIONS N J KREIDL & T G PETT BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL CO, USA JACS 34 12 1951 370-374 Chromaticity data of glasses were measured by the Hunter Colour-Colour Difference Meter and the results converted to single numbers representing distances in colour space between each glass and a glass in the centre of an appropriate specification. This simple evaluation gave a good correlation to visual specifications as the more complicated evaluation of spectrophotometric data. A probable error or 5% existed for each method if the alternate method was regarded as correct. PP 1530 THE ANALYSIS OF THE GASES OCCURRING IN BUBBLES AND IN SOLUTION IN GLASS W B PRICE INT CONGRESS ON GLASS, 1956 199-213 This article examines the process of the analysis of gases in bubbles. A knowledge of the identity of the gases which are found in bubbles and in solution in glass can often be of great use to the glass Technologist. The bubbles which may occur in bottles, in chemical glassware, in articles such as glass blocks, in sheet glass and the highest quality plate glass, in CRT's and in optical glass can cause considerable loss to the manufacturer; any information which contributes to their prevention is valuable. In addition, the examination of bubbles has great scientific interest, since it gives information about the melting process and the behaviour of refractory materials. The determination of dissolved gases adds to our knowledge of the effect of such gases on the properties of glass and of the ways in which they can enter into its structure. PP 1531 THE MEASUREMENT OF FAINT COLOURS IN GLASS GLASS TECHNOLOGY 14 5 1973 109-113 A current survey in 8 laboratories has shown that good agreement in the measurement of faintly coloured glass can be obtained between different laboratories using different instruments. Spectrophotometers have been successfully used to distinguish between similar samples through 7mm path lengths. Page 77 of 116 PP 1532 GLASS CLARIFICATION WITH ANTIMONY H SCHOENBORN SILIKAT TECH 2 7 1951 204-208 In laboratory tests at a glassworks in Jena, additions of 0.15% Sb2O3 were found to be superior to the equivalent amount of 0.10% Al2O3 insofar as the average blister concentration and the average size of the blisters were concerned. The lower the melting and clarification temperatures, the greater was the effect. In easily melting alkalirich glasses Sb clarification is also superior to sulfate clarification. A combined clarification of fluorspar and Sb is the most favorable, and quartz meal gives a worse clarification than finely ground sand. PP 1534 GLASS TRANSITION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF A TERNARY METASTABLE PHASE IN AN ANTIMONY-OXYGEN-TELLERIUM SYSTEM (IN RUSSIAN) L.A. DEMINA, V.A. DOLGIKH, B.A. POPOVKIN, A.V. NOVOSELOVA MOSK. GOS. UNIV., MOSCOW, USSR L A DEMINA ET AL. MOSCOW UNIVERSITY IZV. AKAD. NAUK SSSR, NEORG. MATER 1981 17 9 1594-1597 The glass-forming region of the Sb-OTe system was studied by DTA and xray analysis. A homogeneous glass forms at >90 mol % TeO2. PP 1535 CRYSTALLIZATION OF GLASSES OF THE ANTIMONY(IV) SELENIDEGERMANIUM SELENIDE-SELENIUM SYSTEM (IN FRENCH) N CLAVAGUERA ET AL. BARCELONA UNIVERSITY N CLAVAGUERA ET AL. BARCELONA UNIVERSITY JOURN. CALORIM. ANAL. THERM 1980 11 3-2-1/3-2-8 The crystallisation of glasses of the Sb2Se3-GeSe2-Se system was studied calorimetrically. Samples of composition Ge5Sb15Se80 and Ge12.5Sb25Se62.5 were crystallised under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. In each case the activation energy decreased as the temperature of the transformation increased; e.g. for the Ge5Sb15Se80 deltaH = 188 +/- 5 kJ/mol at 378 K and 112 +/- 2 kJ/mol at 526 K. Thus, it is not possible to quote a constant activation energy for the crystallisation of these glasses although at agiven temperature, both isothermal and nonisothermal methods give the same results. PP 1536 ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY OF ANTIMONY-GERMANIUMSELENIUM SYSTEM GLASSES IN A BROAD TEMPERATURE RANGE (IN RUSSIAN) A V PAZIN & E D GLUSHKOV KIROV POLITEKH. INST. FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1980 6 6 693-699 The electric conductivity of Sb-Ge-Se glasses increased with increasing temperature at 300-1000 degrees due to the gradual delocalization of valence electrons and metalization of chemical bonds. The electric conductivity of melts was significantly affected by the glass structure in the solid state. PP 1537 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND IR SPECTRA OF GLASS FORMING Sb2O3 (IN RUSSIAN) Y P KUTSENKO ET AL. Y A KUTSENKO ET AL. FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1979 5 4 438-441 The Sb2O3 glass was synthesized from chemically pure Sb2O3 crystals at 750 degrees C in vacuum. This glass is highly resistant to acid corrosion (e.g. HNO3, H2So4). Its properties include a density of 5.06 g/cm3; microhardness, 430 kg/mm2; initial softening temperature, 230 degrees; initial crystallization temperature, 273 degrees; crystallization capacity coefficient, 6.75; refractive index, 2.20; forbiddenband energy, 3.81 eV; and ultrasonic wave propagation rate, 2.62 x 10 power 5 cm/s. The ir spectrum of the Page 78 of 116 glass is compared with that of the crystalline modifications senarmontite and valentinite. PP 1538 MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY OF STRUCTURES CRYSTALLIZING FROM GLASSES IN THE SYSTEM As-Sb-Se S P TESLENKO ET AL. FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1979 5 1 67-70 The effect of glass-crystal transformation on the surrounding Sb atoms was studied using Moessbauer spectroscopic data of quenched and crystallized glasses of the system AsSe-Sb. The Moessbauer spectra of 121Sb in these glasses exhibit a positive isomer shift of 1-1.5 mm/s, relative to the crystal Sb2Se3, which is apparently caused by decreased effective coordination number of Sb and the degree of ionic bonding SbSe. The microheterogeneous glasses As2O3Sbx (0.4<x<1.0) contain associated pyramidal structural units SbSe3/2 in the polymer network, forming As2Se3 and AsSe structural units. PP 1539 EPR SPECTRUM OF Sb4+ IN A SILICATE GLASS J W H SCHREURS & D H DAVIS J. CHEM. PHYS. 1979 71 1 557-559 An EPR Sb spectrum activated by electrons photo-ionized from Ce is observed in polychromatic glasses. PP 1540 GLASS FORMING IN THE Sb-O-X (X = Cl, Br, I) SYSTEM I D TURYANITSA & Y P KUTSENKO THE SOVIET JOURNAL OF GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 1979 5 2 215-217 A study of glass formation in the antimony oxyhalide system has been made and physico chemical properties of the glasses are reported. PP 1541 OXIDATION-REDUCTION BEHAVIOUR OF ANTIMONY OXIDE IN SOME BINARY BORATE AND SILICATE GLASSES A PAUL TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 1979 38 3 108109 A study has been made of the oxidation-reduction behaviour of antimony oxide in simple binary sodium borate and sodium silicate glass as a function of the sodium content of the glasses. PP 1542 HEAT CAPACITY, THERMAL EXPANSION AND ULTRASOUND PROPAGATION VELOCITY IN ANTIMONY GERMANIUM SLENIDE (SbGexSey) GLASSES WITH CONSTANT ANTIMONY CONTENT G M ORLOVA ET AL. AMORPHOUS SEMICOND., PROC. INT. CONF. 1976 (PUB. 1977) 487490 The variation of acoustical wave propagation velocity, moduli of elasticity, and adiabatic compressibility with Ge composition is is practically linear, except for the glass containing 25 at.% Ge, which lies in the concn. triangle on the pseudobinary section GeSe2-Sb2Se3. The increase of Ge content over the stoichiometric amount in the binary and ternary system leads to an increase in d. and moduli of elasticity and a decrease in compressibility. As Ge was added to the ternary systems, the glass transition temperature, tg, increased while the thermal expansion coefficient, alpha, and heat capacity Cp, decreased. However, at a Ge content >25 at.%, Cp increased and tg decreased possibly due to the formation of weaker Ge-Ge bonds. Page 79 of 116 PP 1543 ANTIMONY-TELLERIUM-SELENIUM SYSTEM PHASE DIAGRAM AND GLASS FORMATION REGION S BORDAS ALSINA ET AL. S BORDAS ALSINA ET AL. JOURN. CALORIMETRIE ANAL. THERM. 1977 8 2 25-32 (IN FRENCH) The phase diagram of the binary systems Sb-Te, Sb-Se, and Te-Se are given. The region of glass formation depends on the quenching procedure (quenching into liquid N, air, and water and slow cooling) and is decreased in changing from liquid N to slow cooling. The transformation temperature of vitreous samples are not related to the preparation technique. PP 1544 A PHOTOMETRIC METHOD OF DETERMINING ANTIMONY IN GLASSES USING oPYRIDYLFLUORON (IN GERMAN) J VRBSKY & J FOGL PROC. OF THE XIth INTL. CONGR. ON GLASS, PRAGUE 1977 III 449453 A highly sensitive reaction between Sb(III) salts and derivatives of 2, 6, 7trihydroxyisoxanthenon (fluorons) has been used to determinephotometrically the antimony in glasses refined with Sb2O3. PP 1545 STUDY OF THE STRUCTURALCHEMICAL FEATURES OF ANTIMONY-GERMANIUMSELENIUM SYSTEM GLASSES BY A VISCOMETRIC METHOD (IN RUSSIAN) N A KOREPANOVA ET AL. ZH. PRIKL. KHIM (LENINGRAD) 1976, 49 1 36-40 The viscosity of glass melts containing Sb 5-25, Ge 5-30, and Se 60-85 at.% at 76-397 degrees was determined and free activation energy and entropy of their viscous flow were calculated. The GeSe2-Sb2Se3 pseudobinary section on the Sb-Ge-Se conc. triangle was a boundary between 2 ergions of vitreous melts of different structuralchemical compositions. PP 1546 STUDY OF THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, VISCOSITY, AND VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF GLASSES ON THE ANTIMONYGERMANIUM-SELENIUM SYSTEM (IN RUSSIAN) V S GERASIMENKO ET AL. LENINGRAD UNIVERSITY FIZ. KHIM. STEKLA 1976 2 3 275-280 The structure and chemical interaction of Sb-Ge-Se glass was studied by determining magnetic susceptibility, viscosity, and vibrational spectra. A joint study of the magnetic properties and vibrational spectra led to the statistical distribution of the symmetry of the structural units in the Sb-Ge-Se glass system. PP 1547 STUDIES ON REPLACEMENT OF ARSENIC BY ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE IN GLASS MELTING (IN SWEDISH) L-G JOHANSSON GLASTEK. TIDSKR. 1976 31 2 37-43 The investigation shows that antimony trioxide may be used in lead free potash glass and that solarisation is eliminated by its use. PP 1548 GLASS FORMING IN THE Sb-O-I SYSTEM I D TURYANITSA & Y P KUTSENKO THE SOVIET JOURNAL OF GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 1976 2 2 183-184 Some results of a study of the region of glass formation and some physicochemical properties of glasses in the system Sb-O-I are presented. PP 1549 GLASS FORMATION IN THE Sb-Se-I SYSTEM O V KHIMINETS ET AL. THE SOVIET JOURNAL OF GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 1976 2 6 485-488 The glass-forming region in the Sb-SeI system lies within the Sb2Se3-SeSbSeI triangle. The main physicochemical parameters of the Page 80 of 116 glasses and their transmission spectra in the 400-33 cm-1 region are given. at very low Reynolds numbers deserve further study. PP 1550 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, VISCOSITY, AND VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF GLASSES IN THE SbGe-Se SYSTEM V S GERASIMENKO ET AL. THE SOVIET JOURNAL OF GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 1976 2 3 271-275 It is suggested that in the Sb-Ge-Se system there are ergions of composition where the strcuture of the glasses is determined by the presence of micro-inclusions of elementary Ge and Sb. A combined study of the magnetic properties and the vibrational spectra of these particular glasses suggests that the structural units in glasses of th Sb-Ge-Se system are statistically distributed. PP 1553 REVIEW - STATIC FATIGUE IN GLASS R ADAMS & P W McMILLAN UNIVERSITY WARWICK, UK J MAT SCI 12 1977 643-657 Experimental developments and theoretical treatments of static fatigue in glass are reviewed. Areas requiring further research are highlighted. PP 1551 PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF GLASSES OF THE SYSTEM AgSb-S M I GOLOVEI NEORGANICHESKIE MATERIALY 1975 11 4 745-746 No Abstract PP 1552 A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE HOMOGENIZING OF GLASS MELTS M CABLE & J HAKIM DEPT GLASS TECHNOLOGY, SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY CHEM ENG SCI 27 1972 409-415 A simple method of quantitatively estimating the homogeneity of glass from measurements of etching by hydrofluoric acid was developed. This was used to study the homogenizing of mixtures of two different glasses stirred with a simple disk stirrer. The kinetics of homogenizing were typical of a diffusive process but much affected by initial distribution of the two glasses. Flow patterns were not those expected from study of models with constant density and viscosity. It appears that effects of density and viscosity on mixing of viscous liquids PP 1554 OPTIMUM SCHEDULE FOR ANNEALING FLAT GLASS O S NARAYANASWAMY JACS 64 2 1981 109-114 This paper formulates and solves the problem of optimum annealing of glass in which one seeks to minimise either residual stress or annealing time. An approximate analysis shows that residual stress is a weighted integral of cooling rates and that an optimum schedule is obtained when the cooling rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the weighting function. Several multibreak annealing schedules are investigated. It is found that a practical and nearly optimum schedule in this class is a two-break schedule that cools glass most slowly in a 65 deg C interval and most rapidly outside this interval. It yields an optimum stress significantly lower than that of a constant-rate annealing schedule. Furthermore, the optimum is not very sensitive to minor changes in the schedule. PP 1555 INVESTIGATIONS OF STRESSES IN GLASS BOTTLES UNDER INTERNAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE J M TEAGUE & H H BLAU OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY JACS 39 7 JULY 1956 The behaviour of glass bottles under internal hydrostatic pressure has been studied. Three commercial beer bottle designs were investigated by four different methods of experimental stress analysis, namely, photoelastic, Page 81 of 116 electric strain gauge, brittle coating, and brittle model methods. The "fixation" or "stress-freezing" method of three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis employing Fosterite models has been applied to the study of glass bottles apparently for the first time. By this method extensive measurements of the surface stress distributions have been made and are presented in graphical form. Other tests corroborate these results and illustrate the characteristics of bottles under internal pressure, including the efects of certain elements of bottle design. Results obtained by all four methods correlate well and should find valuable and practical applications in similar studies on other types of glass containers. PP 1556 RATIONAL USE OF RARE-EARTH COMPOUNDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TABLEWARE GLASS V A FEDOROVA GLASS & CERAMICS 12 7-8 DECEMBER 1985 529-532 The work of the Gusevsk branch of the State Institute of Glass has adequately covered the theoretical questions of using rare-earth elements as a glass colorant. A number of publications exist dealing with the decolorisation of glass using rare-earth oxides. At the same time, the complex action of rareearth compounds as active additives simultaneously influencing the fining, chemical and physical decolorizing of tableware glasses has not been adequately investigated. The empirical approach to the use of small additions as rare-earth colorants in glasses, as well as in the form of decolorisers and fining agents often leads to an economically unjustified consumption of scarce raw materials. The Gusevsk branch has studied the complex influence of additives on the process of fining and colorising of tableware glasses. Physical decolourisation was examined as a process of colorising with small additions of colorant. Also studied was the effect of arsenic, antimony, and cerium in various compositions of such glasses. PP 1557 SELENIUM RUBY GLASS J D SULLIVAN & C R AUSTIN JACS 25 5 1942 123-127 This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the production of selenium ruby glass, particularly on the retention of the colorants during the melting and fining operations. Selenium, cadmium, and sulfur are necessary in the final glass to get a ruby colour. Reducing conditions are conductive to the retention of a large percentage of the selenium in the glass, but when conditions are highly reducing, cadmium is eliminated almost completely. The writers believe that too little attention has been given in the past to the chemistry of the entire glass batch, and as a result operators and research workers have often failed to get a ruby glass not because the loss of selenium was too high, but because they eliminated the cadmium by maintaining too strongly reducing conditions. A balance must be maintained so that the batch and the atmosphere above it are sufficiently reducing to hold enough selenium in the melt but not so strongly reducing as to eliminate the cadmium. The use of silicon as a reducing agent is suggested. PP 1558 SELENIUM BLACK GLASS C R AUSTIN & J D SULLIVAN JACS 25 5 1942 128-129 A black glass was made by melting a soda-lime-silica glass under a reducing atmosphere with the addition of 0.6% of selenium and 0.1% of cobalt carbonate, CoCO3. The light absorption of a specimen about 0.01 inch thick in the range of 400 to 750mu was superior to that of commercial black glass. The maximum transmission was 27% at 750mu. The use of nickel and iron oxides is less effective than cobalt oxide for obtaining selenium black glass. Page 82 of 116 PP 1559 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF GLASS SURFACES L L HENCH UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 25 1-3 1977 343-369 Considerable progress has been made in understanding the nature and behaviour of glass surfaces since the Xth ICG in Kyoto, Japan 1974. The excellent Rolla Conference or Glass Surfaces and proceedings therefrom, firmly established that the surfaceenvironment interactions of glass can now be treated as a science. Characterization of the composition and structure of a glass surface has been made possible through the development of a number of new surface analysis techniques. Through the use of these tools it is now a firmly established fact that glass surfaces consist of complex compositional profiles of all the constituents in the glass. Bulk composition, melt history, fabrication variables such as furnace and lehr atmospheres, and environmental history all influence the compositional profiles characteristic of a given glass article. Direct relationships between surface compositional profiles and physical and chemical properties thus can be established. In fact, it is the ability to characterize the glass surface sufficiently to relate the surface to glass processing on the one hand and glass properties on the other that makes the study of glass surfaces a bona fide materials science. REFRACTORIES R 751 REFRACTORIES IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY SOCIETY OF GLASS TECHNOLOGY More than 20 years ago, the SGT published a series of papers outlining the many advances in refractory technology that had contributed significantly to furnace performance and glass melting. In the intervening years, on-going developments, particularly in refractory technology and furnace design, have again contributed to further progress in energy efficiency, output and life of a glass melting furnace, and in the quality of their products. In recognition of this, those earlier papers have been extensively revised and are offered in this publication. The papers are intended for the non-specialist. They have been written to give a practical introduction to the properties, application and performance of the most important types of refractory, currently used in glass furnace construction. For more information, please email: [email protected] R 752 HEAT-INSULATING SILICA BRICKS: MANUFACTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS M KOTOUCEK ET AL P-D REFRACTORIES, CZECH REPUBLIC GLASS INTERNATIONAL MARCH 2012 33-34, 36, 38, 40 Increased awareness surrounding energy consumption is challenging refractory manufacturers to create products of smaller volume weight with superior heat-insulating properties. In this paper, the author describes heatinsulating silica and its application in the glass industry. Attention is paid to its history, today's product ranges and development trends in the manufacture of heat-insulating silica. R 753 CUSTOM-MADE CRUCIBLES BENEFIT TESTING PROCESS www.almath.co.uk Almath Crucibles, based near Cambridge, supplies crucibles to a variety of industries; predominantly to educational and research institutions. With a "no minimum order " policy, it can produce crucibles in small quantities, such as for experiments where specific dimensions are required. When using crucibles for glass applications, Almath Page 83 of 116 recommends using crucibles that have been specifically made for the process. For example, when using alumina crucibles, a thicker wall is recommended as it provides the crucible with a good resistance to breakage from "wetting." When producing crucibles for use with silica, the company would mill the alumina slip for longer, which gives the crucible a better non-wetting surface. For more information, please visit: www.almath.co.uk R 754 EFFECT OF ALUMINA SOURCE ON THE RATE OF MELTING DEMONSTRATED WITH NUCLEAR WASTE GLASS BATCH D A PIERCE ET AL PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABS, WASHINGTON, USA INT J APPL GLASS SCI 3 1 2012 5968 The selection of raw materials affects the rate of batch-to-glass conversion. In all-electric melters, foam under the batch blanket limits the heat flux from the molten glass, thus slowing the rate of melting. In this study, the authors compare the melting behaviours of three batches formulated to vitrify high-alumina high-level waste, and show that a slowly dissolving refractory component can cause excessive foaming. Faster melting batches with gibbsite or boehmite as an alumina source produced substantially less foaming than at atch with corundum. Although gibbsite and boehmite dissolved below 500 deg C, corundum was still present in the batch up to 900 deg C; hence, the glass-forming melt lacked alumina in the batch with corundum. The low viscosity of that batch caused the open pores to close prematurely at 660 deg C, trapping gases and expanding to foam. This would explain the literature-reported slow melting rate of a batch with corundum, as compared to batches with gibbsite and boehmite. R 755 REFRACTORY ALKALI-FREE CRISTOBALITE GLASS-CERAMICS: ACTIVATED REACTION SINTERCRYSTALLISATION SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES R PASCOVA ET AL BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SOFIA INT J APPL GLASS SCI 3 1 2012 7587 A new approach for the synthesis of chemically stabilised B-cristobalite-like glass-ceramic materials is developed. It is based on an activated reaction sinter-crystallisation process of compacted powder mixtures at relatively low temperatures and short heat treatment times. To facilitate homogenous dopant distribution and thus the formation of a high content of Bx-cristobalite-like phases, processing a very low thermal expansion coefficient, the batch components are introduced in a chemically, mechanically, or thermally preactivated form. In this way, the high temperature glass re-melting usually employed in the "classical" synthesis of glass-ceramics is avoided. Using different, mutually complementary techniques of analysis it is revealed that optimal refractory properties are achieved with glass-ceramics containing Xx- and Bx-cristobalite solid solutions with close values of the lattice parameters. In thsi case, the transformation between these two cristobalite-like solid solutions proceeds instead by a first-order displacive transition. The refractory properties of the glass-ceramic materials thus synthesized and the possibility to use various forming techniques open many fields for their application. Page 84 of 116 R 756 REFRACTORIES REVENUES STRONG GLASS WORLDWIDE MAY-JUNE 2012 9 Despite the uncertain economic environment, refractories producer RHI expects good revenues for 2012, which will be at the level recorded for 2011 (1758.6M/Euros). The Group will invest around 170M/Euros in 2012, with the main part flowing into the expansion of raw materials supply in Norway and Turkey, as well as the creation and extension of manufacturing capacity in Brazil and China. R 757 REFRACTORIES EXPERIENCE - ITS ALL IN THE NAME GMPA 1/12 29-31 This article gives an overview of newly-formed, Italian-based Refractories Experience, founded in 2010 by a group of businessmen and collaborators who, thanks to their considerable experience in the demolition and reconstruction of furnaces and refractory materials in the hollow glass sector, have set up a company with characteristics that are true to its name. The company's activities concern the demolition and following reconstruction (total or partial) of furnaces, working with specialists with many years' experience. The company is also involved with hot work repairs as per the needs and demands of clients, regarding the reconstruction of sidewalls using "AZS" as well as the installation fo fused silica furnaces, firing, preheating and sealing of furnaces. R 758 REFRACTORIES AND PROPPANTS DRIVE NEW BAUXITE MATERIALS INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 21, 23-24 This article takes a look at the market for bauxite materials. According to the US Geological Survey, world output of bauxite reached 200m/t in 2011, the majority being used in the production of smelter grade alumina, itself used in the manufacture of aluminium. Smaller amounts (about 10M/t) of this served the niche non-metallurgical sector, which comprises applications such as abrasives, chemicals, calcium aluminate cement, refractories, and others. R 759 CONSOLIDATION CONTINUES TO RESHAPE THE REFRACTORIES INDUSTRY INDUSTRIAL MINERALS JULY 2012 26-27 This article takes a look at recent consolidations taking place within the global refractories sector. SPECIAL GLASS S 3774 CHEMICAL STABILITY OF ZnONa2O-SO3-P2O5 GLASSES S SIROTKIN ET AL UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGENNUREMBERG, GERMANY INT J APPL GLASS SCI 3 1 2012 4452 This paper reports on chemical stability and corrosion behaviour of highly depolymerised sulfophosphate glasses from the system ZnO-Na2OSO3-P2O5 in aqueous solution, providing data on weight loss, ion release rates, and modifications of surface topology as a function of time, temperature and pH value. Observations seem consistent with the previously developed structural model of chemical heterogeneity, where cations Na+ and Zn2+ cluster selectively in the vicinity of sulfate and phosphate anions, respectively. Page 85 of 116 S 3775 PHOTOINDUCED FLUIDITY AND VISCOELASTICITY IN CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES Y GUEGUEN ET AL UNIVERSITY OF RENNES, FRANCE INT J APPL GLASS SCI 3 1 2012 5358 This work is an attempt to apply conventional mechanical testing to to characterise the photoinduced viscoelastic behaviour of chalcogenide glasses. Creep or relaxation-recovery experiments are usually performed to characterise the delayed elastic contribution to deformation, during thermally activated flow. In this article, relaxation-recovery is used to characterise delayed elasticity under irradiation condition and to investigate the influence of the photon irradiation on the viscoelastic behaviour. It is showed that thermally activated processes and photoinduced ones are decoupled. The viscoplastic deformation under irradiation is the sum of thermally activated and photoinduced processes. As soon as the irradiation ceases, chalcogenide glasses behave exactly as if they had never been irradiated. The photoinduced viscoelastic behaviour seems to be solely due to transient photoinduced structural defects. S 3776 GLASS FRACTURE PATTERNS AND THE(G,R) vs DELTA C DIAGRAM R C BRADT UNIVERSITY ALABAMA, USA J NON-CRYST SOLIDS 8 MARCH 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2 012.01.067 The crack patterns of glass which form when a propagating crack intersects a free surface are considered in terms of the (G,R) vs DELTA C universal energy diagram for crack growth after Broek (1974). After briefly reviewing its derivation, the diagram is applied to glass fracture and the bifurcation of cracks in glass. The concepts are then extended to address the formation of the mirror/mist boundary on glass fracture surfaces. Features of the (G,R) vs DELTA C diagram and the KI - V diagram after Richter (2002) are combined to estimate the kinetic energy associated with a crack in soda lime silica glass at its terminal velocity. The kinetic energy is ~ 70% of the total energy requirement for crack growth. Implications regarding other glass fractures, such as the absence of the mirror/mist boundary for nanowhiskers, are also discussed. The (G,R) vs DELTA C approach appears to have far reaching applications in describing glass fractures. S 3777 CLUSTER FORMATION OF SILICA PARTICLES IN GLASS BATCHES DURING MELTING M J SCHWEIGER ET AL PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABS, USA J NON CRYST SOLIDS 356 25-27 2010 1359-1367 This study describes the incorporation of solid silica into molten glass during glass-batch melting as a function of the grain size in the range from 5275um. Whereas tiny grains formed a bubbly melt, very large grains formed slowly dissolving clusters. Silica grains are forced to clusters by rising bubbles. The impact of the silica grain size on the glass-forming melt viscosity, overall density, thermal conductivity, and compositional homogeneity, as well as the consequences of these effects on glass processing in melting furnaces, is discussed. A high-alumina borosilicate glass for nuclear waste vitrification was chosen for the study, but the authors believe that the observed behaviours also occur in the melting of commercial batches. Page 86 of 116 S 3778 PLASTIC CONTAINERS AND THE WHOLE-BLOOD CLOTTING TEST: GLASS REMAINS THE BEST OPTION R STONE ET AL CAIMS BASE HOSPITAL, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA TRANS ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGIENE 100 12 2006 1168-1172 This is the first study to identify normal whole-blood clotting times in various plastic containers and to identify the effect of the addition of various concentrations of Pseudechis australis (Mulga snake) venom on the clotting time in glass and plastic. Polycarbonate was identified as a potential alternative to glass as a testing container owing to a wholeblood clotting time within acceptable limits for a beside test (mean 29.5 min) and equivalent performance to glass in the presence of Pseudechis australis venom. Other plastic containers (such as polypropylene and polyethylene) were found to be unsuitable owing to very prolonged clotting times (>60 min) or impaired performance in the presence of venom. Overall, owing to the variation between the performance of different plastics and the difficulty in differentiating between them, plastic containers cannot be recommended as an alternative to glass when performing the whole-blood clotting test for envenomed patients. S 3779 IDENTIFICATION OF HEMATITE PARTICLES IN SEALED GLASS CONTAINERS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL USES BY RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY E CAUDRON ET AL UNIVERSITY PARIS-SUD, FRANCE J PHARMA AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS 54 4 MARCH 2011 866868 Raman microspectroscopy has been shown to enable the identification of micro-particles inside sealed glass containers for pharmaceutical use without any sample preparation. Raman spectra were collected from unknown particles with a maximum size of 1mm, adsorbed on the inner surface of ampoules. The particles were clearly identified as primarily hematite with traces of magnetite by their characteristic Raman spectral bands. The presence of this deposit was attributed to the projection of iron oxides during the manufacturing process. These oxide particles were not detected by the quality control process of the glass manufacturer, showing that in-process quality controls failed to detect this problem. Particle identification by Raman microspectroscopy appears to be a selective, rapid and reliable analytical procedure for quality control and assurance in the pharmaceutical industry. Identification of the particles was also helpful for evaluating the nature of the contaminant and enables consequences for the toxicological aspects of final product quality to be managed. S 3780 SANDIA RESEARCH TO FORECAST SOLAR PLANT OUTPUT AM CERAM SOC BULL 89 9 2010 12 Sandia National Lab researchers are testing a new system that may ultimately provide a way for utility companies to predict and prepare for fluctuations in solar power output caused by changes in weather. The idea is that by observing cloud shape, size and movement, the system can monitor and predict how clouds will affect large-scale photovoltaic power plants and thereby allow utility systems to respond appropriately. The impacts of clouds on small PV arrays are well documented, but there is little research on how large-scale arrays interact and function under cloud cover. A small system can be completely covered by a cloud, which drastically reduces its power output, but what's less well understood is what happens when only part of a large system is covered by a moving cloud shadow, while the rest stays in sunlight. Page 87 of 116 S 3781 ADVANCES IN NANOMATERIALS SILICON NANOMESH DEMONSTRATED AS THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY BARRIER FOR IMPROVING THERMOELECTRICS AM CERAM SOC BULL 89 9 15 Thermoelectric materials have great promise - if they can be made relatively simply and with inexpensive, safe materials. Just imagine the endless list of applications where waste heat energy could be converted to electrical energy. One problem, however, is that when the thermal conductivity of a material increases, its electrical conductivity tends to decrease. This lack of independence becomes a major problem when scientists and engineers are trying to develop more efficient thermoelectric devices. S 3782 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE HYBRID MATERIALS P R MILLER ET AL AM CERAM SOC BULL 90 7 24-29 In this review the authors consider the use of zirconium oxide hybrid materials in tissue-engineering scaffolds, microscale valves, microfluidic devices, drug-screening devices, drug delivery devices, bone prostheses and other medial devices. Along these lines, also presented is a novel approach for processing zirconium oxide hybrid materials via two-photon polymerization. S 3783 SOLAR FIBER-OPTIC MINI-DISH CONCENTRATORS: FIRST EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND FIELD EXPERIENCE D FEUERMANN ET AL BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF NEGEV, ISRAEL SOLAR ENERGY 72 6 2002 459-472 The experimental realisation and field experience of a recently proposed solar fiber-optic mini-dish concentrator are reported. The prototype is 20mm in diameter. We have repeatably transposed concentrated sunlight in a one-millimeter diameter optical fiber and measured flux levels of 11-12 kilosuns at a remote target (up to 20m away). The prototype - assembled from off-the-shelf parts and customised items that rely solely upon existing commercial technologies proved impervious to dust penetration and condensation. For the particular application of solar surgery, dielectric second stage concentrators were designed and fibre tips were sculpted to boost flux concentration by a factor of 2-4, for light extraction into air and tissue, respectively. The findings strengthen the feasibility of the efficient and complete de-coupling of the collection and remote delivery of highly concentrated solar radiation. S 3784 RADIATION PERFORMANCE OF DISH SOLAR CONCENTRATOR/CAVITY RECIEVER SYSTEMS Y SHUAI ET AL SOLAR ENERGY 82 1 2008 13 21 The Monte-Carlo ray-tracing method is applied and coupled with optical properties to predict radiation performance of dish solarconcentrator/cavity receiver systems. The effects of sunshape and surface slope error have been studied and the corresponding probability models are introduced in this paper. Taking into account the abovementioned factors, we show that the directional features of the focal flux affect the radiation flux distribution of cavity receiver, present criteria for the characterization of directional attributes, and describe a method for their calculation. Based on the concept of equivalent radiation flux, an upsidedown pear cavity receiver is proposed in view of directional attributes of focal flux. Receiver design and modelling guidelines are presented. The uniformity performance of the wall flux is compared with five traditional geometries. Page 88 of 116 S 3785 HELIOS MODEL FOR THE OPTICAL BEHAVIOUR OF REFLECTING SOLAR CONCENTRATORS F BIGGS & C N VITTITOE SANDIA NATIONAL LABS, USA TECHNICAL REPORT No: SAND-760347 1979 The Helios model simulates the optical behavior of reflecting concentrators. The model follows the incident solar radiation through the system (including the atmosphere) and includes all the factors that influence the optical performance of a collector. An important output is the flux-density pattern (W/cm/sup 2/) at a grid of points on a surface such as the absorbing surface of a receiver and its integral (power in watts) over the surface. The angular distribution of sunrays for the radiation incident on a concentrator is modified by convolution, using the fast Fourier transform, to incorporate the effects of other nondeterministic factors such as sun-tracking errors, surface slope errors, and reflectance properties. The analytical methods used for the statistics, the off-axis reflecting optics, the atmospheric effects, and the various coordinate systems are described and illustrated. This model forms a basis for the simulation code HELIOS as well as for other codes under development. Some of the HELIOS routines are described, a few of its capabilities are discussed and illustrated, and comparisons of data with calculations are presented. These capabilities have been used for performance predictions, safety studies, design trade-offs, data analysis problems, the specification and analysis of concentrator quality, and for the general understanding of solar-concentrator technology. S 3786 A LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH 7.1% POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY L H SLOOFF ET AL PHYS STATUS SOLIDI RRL 2: 257 259 - DOI: 10.1002/pssr.200802186 The Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC) consists of a transparent polymer plate, containing luminescent particles. Solar cells are connected to one or more edges of the polymer plate. Incident light is absorbed by the luminescent particles and re-emitted. Part of the light emitted by the luminescent particles is guided towards the solar cells by total internal reflection. Since the edge area is smaller than the receiving one, this allows for concentration of sunlight without the need for solar tracking. External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) and current voltage (I V) measurements were performed on LSC devices with multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) or GaAs cells attached to the sides. The best result was obtained for an LSC with four GaAs cells. The power conversion efficiency of this device, as measured at European Solar Test Installation laboratories, was 7.1% (geometrical concentration of a factor 2.5). With one GaAs cell attached to one edge only, the power efficiency was still as high as 4.6% (geometrical concentration of a factor 10). To our knowledge these efficiencies are among the highest reported for the LSC. S 3787 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR CONCENTRATOR/CAVITY RECEIVER SYSTEMS J A HARRIS & T G LENZ SOLAR ENERGY 34 2 1985 135-142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(85)90170-7 Volume 34, Issue 2, 1985, Pages 135 142 To utilize solar energy at a high temperature, a parabolic dish/cavity receiver configuration is often used. The energy loss mechanisms of such Page 89 of 116 a system are analyzed. System efficiency is defined as the power absorbed by the working fluid circulating in the cavity divided by the solar power falling on the concentrator aperture. Power profiles produced in cavities of varying geometry with concentrators of varying rim angle are also discussed. It is found that varying concentrator rim angle and cavity geometry can greatly affect the cavity power profile without a large effect on system efficiency. Cavity isothermality often requires a nonlinear power profile , particularly in a thermochemical system. The methodology described can be used to optimize concentrator/cavity design variables. S 3788 OPTIMISED EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN A THREE-DYE LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR S T BAILEY ET AL SOLAR ENERGY MAT & SOLAR CELLS 91 1 2007 67 75 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006 .07.011 The spectral range of sunlight absorbed by a luminescent solarconcentrator (LSC) is increased by using multiple dyes. Absorption, fluorescence, and fluorescence excitation spectra, and relative light output are reported for LSCs made with one, two, or three BODIPY dyes in a thin polymer layer on glass. Losses caused by multiple emission and reabsorption events are minimized by optimizing resonance excitation energy transfer between dyes. Increases in the outputs from the multiple-dye LSCs are directly proportional to increases in the number of photons absorbed. The output of the three-dye LSC is 45 170% higher than those of the single-dye LSCs. S 3789 A 31%-EFFICIENT GaAs/SILICON MECHANICALLY STACKED, MULTIINJECTION CONCENTRATOR SOLAR CELL IEEE 20th PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE1988 doi: 10.1109/PVSC.1988.105803 The development and demonstration of the first solar cell to achieve an efficiency in excess of 30% are reported. The improved performance compared to previous GaAs/silicon mechanically stacked, multijunction (MSMJ) concentrator cells is due to improvements in the component cell technologies and to better optimization of the GaAs cell transmissivity. Preliminary analysis suggests that an efficiency approaching 35% is possible with GaAs-based MSMJ cells. S 3790 CARRIER LIFETIME IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CONCENTRATOR CELLS BY THE SMALL-SIGNAL OPEN-CIRCUIT DECAY METHOD A R MOORE RCA REVIEW 41 DEC 1980 549-562 SMITHSONIAN-NASA ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM The conventional open circuit voltage decay method of lifetime determination in junction structures has been modified by the addition of dc bias. This converts the decay from linear to exponential in time. Ambiguity in the junction boundary condition no longer influences the result. Application to concentrator solar cells operating over a wide range of solar intensity is discussed. S 3791 QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR BEHAVIOUR, PREDICTED USING A RAY TRACE APPROACH S J GALLAGHER ET AL INT J AMBIENT ENERGY 25 1 2004 47-56 DOI:10.1080/01430750.2004.9674937 Using a three-dimensional raytrace technique, a model to optimise the Page 90 of 116 design of Quantum Dot Solar Concentrators for photovoltaic applications has been developed. The model includes reflection, refraction and absorption of solar radiation allowing the prediction of the optical efficiency. The optical efficiency is defined as the energy emitted from the selected edge or edges divided by the solar energy incident on the material. Using the model, a parametric analysis was performed and the optical properties of a selected system optimised. Details of the model and predictions of concentrator efficiency and ray path lengths for a range of quantum dot seeding levels are shown. The effects of path length on energy absorbed in the carrier material and that reaching the photovoltaic material are presented. S 3792 DEVELOPMENT OF TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR MODULES USING HIGH-EFFICIENCY MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS M J O'NEILL ENTECH INC, USA 29th IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 1369-72 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190863 For over two years, ENTECH has been developing terrestrial concentrator modules using highefficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. By utilizing MJ cells with colormixing Fresnel lens optics produced by 3M, module efficiency levels of approximately 30% can be realized. Such high efficiency levels provide excellent economic leverage on all area-related costs (lenses, structures, land, etc.) of concentrator systems. ENTECH's new modules build upon a successful heritage of concentrator modules and systems developed over the past two decades. This paper summarizes progress on the development of the new concentrator module, including outdoor measurements on mini-concentrator modules employing color-mixing lenses and MJ cells. A recently tested mini-concentrator module has achieved over 30% net operational efficiency, which is believed to be the first time the 30% barrier has been broken for any solar technology. S 3793 SOLAR CONCENTRATOR FLUX DISTRIBUTIONS USING BACKWARD RAY TRACING J C DALY APPL OPTICS 18 ISSUE 15 1979 2696-2699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.00269 6 Flux distributions produced by parabolic and circular cylinder solar concentrators subject to surface slope errors and defocusing are determined. The technique developed traces a set of rays from a point on the absorber back through the concentrator optics to the sun. The solar flux at the absorber point is the sum of the flux associated with each ray. Various models of the solar disk are introduced by weighting the flux associated with each ray as a function of where it strikes the solar disk. S 3794 QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR: DEVICE OPTIMISATION USING SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES S J GALLAGHER ET AL SOLAR ENERGY 81 4 2007 540-547 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.200 6.07.006 The quantum dot solar concentrator (QDSC) is a novel non-tracking solarconcentrator comprising quantum dots (QDs) seeded in materials such as plastics and glasses, that concentrates both direct and diffuse solar energy on attached photovoltaic cells. Spectroscopic measurements have been undertaken for a range of different quantum dot (QD) types and transparent host materials. High transparency in the matrix material and QDs with high quantum efficiency are essential for an efficient QDSC. An optimum matrix material for a QDSC has been determined based on absorption characteristics and an Page 91 of 116 optimum commercially available QD type has been chosen using steadystate absorption, photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of QDs in solution and solid matrices. S 3795 COMPARATIVE ASSESSEMENT OF SOLAR CONCENTRATOR MATERIALS T FEND SOLAR ENERGY 74 2 2003 149-155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038092X(03)00116-6 This paper reports results from longterm durability tests of reflector materials to be used for solar concentrating systems. The studies have been conducted under the auspices of an IEA SolarPACES collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT, Spain) and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR, Germany). In this cooperative effort, accelerated ageing tests as well as outdoor exposures at a number of test sites having various climatic conditions have been carried out since 1995. In addition to materials already in use at solar power stations, newer materials offering the chance of a significant cost reduction in solar electricity and process heat generation are being investigated. Comparative optical tests are carried out to assess the efficiency as a function of exposure/service time in a solarconcentrator. Among the materials showing promise for longterm outdoor applications are various silvered glass mirrors, a silvered polymer film, and an anodized sheet aluminium having an additional protective polymer coating. In addition to durability tests of reflector material samples, practical results are also reported for experiences with field applications of silvered thin glass and anodized sheet aluminium mirrors. S 3796 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF LINEAR FRESNEL REFLECTING SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH TRAPEZOIDAL CAVITY ABSORBERS P L SINGH ET AL APPLIED ENERGY 87, 2 2010 541550 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.20 09.08.019 Thermal performance of the four identical trapezoidal cavity absorbers for linear Fresnel reflecting solar device were studied and compared. The absorbers were designed for operating in conjunction with a prototype Fresnel solar reflector. Rectangular and round pipe sections were used as absorber by placing in the trapezoidal cavity. The absorber pipes were coated with ordinary dull black board paint and black nickel selective surface. The bottom of the cavity was provided with plane glass to allow the solar radiation to be reflected from the Fresnel reflector. The other three sides of the cavity absorber were insulated to reduce heat loss. Thermal performance of the Fresnel reflecting concentrator with each trapezoidal cavity absorber was studied experimentally at different concentration ratio of the reflector. The study revealed that the thermal efficiency was influenced by the concentration ratio and selective surface coating on the absorber. The thermal efficiency decreased with the increase in the concentration ratio of the Fresnel reflecting collector. The selective surface coated absorber had a significant advantage in terms of superior thermal performance as compared to ordinary black painted absorber. The round pipe (multi-tube) receiver had higher surface area to absorb solar energy as compared to rectangular pipe receiver. Thermal efficiency of the solar device with round pipe absorber was found higher (up to 8%) as compared to rectangular pipe absorber. Page 92 of 116 S 3797 OPTICS OF A TWO-TROUGH SOLAR CONCENTRATOR J L RICHTER SOLAR ENERGY 56 2 1996 191 198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(95)00091-5 A linear focusing solarconcentrator is described that uses two reflecting troughs, one is a large, stationary hemi-cylinder and the other is small and tracks the sun. The small reflector weighs less than a parabolic trough with the same concentrator aperture therefore diurnal steering is more feasible. Energy is carried to the job by solar heated fluid in a pipe at focus in the secondary reflector assembly. Theory is presented and comparisons are given for east-west and northsouth oriented parabolic and twotrough collectors. In the ideal world, the parabolic outperforms the twotrough collector however in the real world, the simplifications due to the immobile, hemi-cylinder, large reflector may outweigh its disadvantages. S 3799 LIGHTWEIGHT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR DEVELOPMENT R GILLETTE ET AL BOEING AEROSPACE SOLAR ENERGY 5 1 JAN-MARCH 1961 24 28 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(61)90031-7 The objective of the present research program is to develop a lightweight solar concentrator that will provide sufficient solar energy for space vehicle power conversion equipment. Solutions to processing problems such as tooling and parting of the lightweight replica mirror are discussed. Solar test data are furnished for performance evaluation. It was found that a 36 inch diameter mirror weighing 2.9 lb (.410 psf) has the capability of providing sufficient energy for a 15 watt thermionic generator. These developments demonstrate feasibility of supplying highly concentrated solar heat with lightweight concentrators. S 3798 ANALYSIS OF A CONICAL SOLAR CONCENTRATOR M H COBBLE UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, USA SOLAR ENERGY 7 2 APRIL-JUNE 1963 75 78 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(63)90007-0 Volume 7, Issue 2, April June 1963, Pages 75 78 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(63)90007-0 The concentration that a conical mirror can theoretically attain is developed for two types of targets; a circular cylindrical target and a conical target. Under the assumption of a onedimensional sun, the optimum mirror cone is determined for both types of targets. At the optimum mirror cone, the concentration, assuming a twodimensional sun, is determined, and the optimum concentration in terms of mirror radii is found for both types of mirrors. S 3800 A FRESNEL LENSE-BASED CONCENTRATED PV SYSTEM IN A GREENHOUSE P J SONNEVELD ET AL WAGENINGEN UR GREENHOUSE HORTICULTURE, THE NETHERLANDS http://www.concentratingpv.org/darmstadt2009/pdf/papers/39Sonneveld-CPVGreenhouse.pdf The scope of this investigation is the development and testing of a new type of greenhouse with an integrated linear Fresnel lens, receiver module and an innovative system for tracking to exploit all direct radiation in a solar energy system. The basic idea of this horticultural application is to develop a greenhouse for pot plants (shadow plants) which do not like direct radiation. Removing all direct radiation will drastically reduce the need for cooling under summer conditions and the need for screens or lime coating of the glass to reflect or block a large part of the radiation. The Page 93 of 116 removal of direct radiation will block up to 81% of solar energy, which will reduce the needed cooling capacity. The second measure is the integration of a solar energy system. When the (linear) Fresnel lenses are designed between double glass coverings and integrated in the greenhouse, the focused solar energy on the thermal photovoltaic cell in the focus poine delivers electric and thermal energy. The TPV module mounted in the focal point requires cooling due to the high heat load of the concentrated radiation. All parts are integrated in a greenhouse structure with a size of around 36m/sq and the electrical and thermal yield is determined for Dutch climates. S 3801 CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH - SOLAR PROJECTS CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH http://www.cer.unlv.edu/cer/Research/ SolarProjects/SolarAmonixSystems/ta bid/334/Default.aspx Based in Las Vegas, USA, the Center for Energy Research is a focus area for research, information exchange, and education in energy topics. Issues of particular interest to their geographical region include more general topics such as: solar energy utilization schemes, arid regions energy systems (e.g. dry cooling considerations), advanced cooling concepts (e.g. refrigeration systems that do not use CFCs), and nuclear waste issues are of particular importance. On a broader application basis, conventional power generation systems, energy conservation devices and systems, and environmental control issues for energy systems are of interest. The Center serves as a generator and catalyst for ideas, a stimulus for interdisciplinary cooperation, and a facilitator for commercialization. One of their current projects concerns a 38.1-kW Integrated High Concentration Photovoltaic (IHCPV) concentrated solar power system. This system, from Amonix, features five modular HCPV panels, each rated at 8 kW DC at a direct normal irradiance of 850 W/m2. The modular design is referred to as Amonix's MegaModule™. A live image of the system is to the right. (when on their website - image updated every 30 seconds.) Most common PV systems are stationary flat-plate "one-sun" systems (as seen on roof-tops). "Onesun" systems are normally costly, covered in expensive solar cells, and rely upon the direct illumination of the entire surface. Unlike "one-sun" systems, "concentrator" systems use an intermediary (e.g. Fresnel lens) between the sun and the cell to focus sunlight onto a small solar cell (500) times smaller than one-sun cell area) effectively substituting inexpensive plastic lenses in place of expensive silicon solar cells. The efficiency of any solar-electric system increases if the sun is tracked (in order to absorb the most direct normal light), and this system additionally performs sun tracking. The Amonix system is an example of a "concentrator" system. It uses a tracking (not stationary) concentration scheme by use of a proprietary hydraulically-driven tracker and by "integrating" the lens, solar cell, and solar receiver plate into a single unit. To view a list of current research solar projects from the Centre for Energy Research, please visit the above-mentioned website. S 3802 SOLAR LIMB DARKENING AND RAY TRACE EVALUATION OF SOLAR CONCENTRATORS S NEGI ET AL APPL OPTICS 24 2 1985 296-298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.24.00029 6 A comparison of different correlations commonly used to describe the limb darkening effect is made. A somewhat new correlation is proposed which predicts the values to within ±1.5% of the experimental values. Using a conventional ray trace technique and assigning proper weight factors to each ray, the distribution of the local concentration ratio over a flat absorber Page 94 of 116 placed in the focal plane of a cylindrical parabolic trough is also determined. S 3803 GRADED-INDEX FRESNEL LENSES FOR INTEGRATED OPTICS T. SUHARA ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 21 11 1982 1966-1971 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.00 Fresnel waveguide lenses having a graded-index (GRIN) distribution for the segmented quadratic phase modulation are demonstrated. The GRIN Fresnel lenses exhibit excellent focusing characteristics and a very high efficiency, both limited only by diffraction. Graded-index Fresnel lenses (F/5, 1-mm aperture) were fabricated for the first time in amorphous As2S3 film waveguides on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate by the electron-beam direct writing technique. The nearly diffractionlimited focusing characteristics and a high efficiency (48%) were experimentally obtained. The theoretical analysis and fabrication process are presented, and experimental results are discussed on the focusing characteristics of the fabricated GRIN Fresnel waveguide lens. S 3804 INTEGRATED HIGH-POWER ELECTRO-OPTIC LENS AND LARGE-ANGLE DEFLECTOR Applied Optics, Vol. 40, Issue 31, pp. 5638-5642 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.40.00563 8 We present a theoretical discussion and experimental demonstration of what to our knowledge is a novel integrated electro-optic lens and beam deflector fabricated in lithium tantalate. The cylindrical lens collimates Gaussian beams as small as 4 µm in diameter, whereas the independently controlled deflector is capable of scanning the collimated beam through an angular range of nearly 20°. S 3805 CONCENTRATION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY WHITE BACKED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS G SMESTAD & P HAMILL APPLIED OPTICS 23 23 1984 43944402 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.00439 4 In this paper, we present an analysis of the concentration achieved by white backed photovoltaic panels. Concentration is due to the trapping by light scattered in the refractive plate to which the solar cell is bonded. Using the reciprocity relation and assuming the ideal case of a Lambertian distribution, a detailed model is formulated that includes the effects of the thickness and walls of the concentrator. This model converges to the thermodynamic limit and is found to be consistent with experimental results for a wide range of cell sizes. Finally, the model is generalized to multiple-cell photovoltaic panels. S 3806 MONITORING OF CONCENTRATED RADIATION BEAM FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND THERMAL SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION APPLICATIONS A PARETTA ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 45 30 2006 78857897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.00788 5 Methods for evaluating the light intensity distribution on receivers of concentrated solar radiation systems are described. They are based on the use of Lambertian diffusers in place of the illuminated receiver and on the acquisition of the scattered light, in reflection or transmission mode, by a CCD camera. The spatial distribution of intensity radiation is then numerically derived from the recorded images via a proprietary code. The details of the method are presented and a short survey of the main applications of the method in the photovoltaic and thermal solar energy conversion field is proposed. Methods Page 95 of 116 for investigating the Lambertian character of commercial diffusers are also discussed. S 3807 PROCESS OF EXCITATION AND DEACTIVATION OF EXCITATION ENERGY IN ORGANIC WAVELENGTH TRANSFORMERS COOPERATING WITH SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS T WASNIEWSKI APPLIED OPTICS 31 12 1992 21362167 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.00216 3 The measurements of maximal power increase of silicon photovoltaic cells coated with polymethyl methacrylate foil containing Rhodamine-6G were carried out. The photoelements were irradiated from the solar radiation simulator. Two different amplification values were obtained: ~ 20% and 50%. An equation that describes the change of photoluminescence intensity as a function of fluorescent molecules and that takes into account the reabsorption and secondary fluorescence is derived. The expression obtained is compared with the results of photoluminescence measurements for Rhodamine-6G and 2,5-bis[5 -tert-butylbenzoxazol-(2')]thiopen; good agreement is evident. S 3808 PROCESSES OF EXCITATION AND DEACTIVATION OF EXCITATION ENERGY IN ORGANIC WAVELENGTH TRANSFORMERS COOPERATING WITH SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS T WASNIEWSKI APPLIED OPTICS 31 12 1992 21632167 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.00216 3 The measurements of maximal power increase of silicon photovoltaic cells coated with polymethyl methacrylate foil containing Rhodamine-6G were carried out. The photoelements were irradiated from the solar radiation simulator. Two different amplification values were obtained: ~ 20% and 50%. An equation that describes the change of photoluminescence intensity as a function of fluorescent molecules and that takes into account the reabsorption and secondary fluorescence is derived. The expression obtained is compared with the results of photoluminescence measurements for Rhodamine-6G and 2,5-bis[5 -tert-butylbenzoxazol-(2')]thiopen; good agreement is evident. S 3809 COMPARISON OF FRESNEL LENSES AND PARABOLIC MIRRORS AS SOLAR ENERGY CONCENTRATORS E LORENZO & A LUQUE APPLIED OPTICS 21 10 1982 18511853 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.00 This paper compares the gain that can be achieved with a one- or two-stage concentrator, when the first stage is a Fresnel lens or a parabolic mirror, as a function of the luminosity of the concentrator. The results show that the achievable gain using a parabolic mirror is greater than that obtained using a flat or roof lens but is lower than that obtained using a curved lens. S 3810 SOLAR CONCENTRATORS USING TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION G LIFANTE ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 22 24 1983 39663970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.22.00 A study is presented of solar concentrators based on total internal reflections. The concentrators are placed over photovoltaic cells. Experimental data obtained with different encapsulating materials and dependence on geometrical and physical variables are given. A theoretical model which includes the losses in the encapsulating material is proposed, giving good agreement with the experimental data. Gain factors as high as 30% have been obtained with these concentrators. The additional effect of organic dyes on absorption Page 96 of 116 bands in the 350 360-nm range is also studied. S 3811 PHOTON-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATORS: ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION J RONCALI & F GARNIER APPLIED OPTICS 23 16 1984 28092817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.00280 9 The principle of a luminescent solar concentrator is analyzed with an emphasis on the photon-transport yield. A mathematical model is developed, which takes into account the loss factors related to the photon transport in the LSC matrix. The relations obtained show that whereas the optical efficiency is still a decreasing factor with the LSC size, the concentration ratio can be optimized with regard to the geometry, the input surface, and the thickness of the LSC. The experimental analysis, carried out on two types of fluorescent PMMA, confirms the effects of these geometrical parameters on the LSC performances. A concentration ratio of 22 has been obtained experimentally with monochromatic irradiation, and a flux gain of 9.5 has also been determined in real conditions. S 3812 CONDITIONS FOR ACHIEVING IDEAL AND LAMBERTIAN SYMMETRICAL SOLAR CONCENTRATORS A LUQUE & E LORENZO APPLIED OPTICS 21 20 1982 37363758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.00 In this paper we are concerned with symmetrical bidimensional concentrators, and we prove that for a given source s angular extension a curve exists that divides the plane into two regions. No ideal concentrator can be found with its edges on the outer region and no Lambertian concentrator can be found with its edges on the inner region. A consequence of this theorem is that a concentrator is forced to cast some of the incident energy outside the collector to ensure its obtaining the maximum power. S 3813 GEOMETRICAL OPTICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOME SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOLAR CONCENTRATORS R K MAZUMDER ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 25 23 1986 43704373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.25.00 The concentration characteristics of mirror profiles composed of small plane mirror elements have been studied for seasonally adjusted solar concentrators with different absorbers: flat horizontal, flat vertical, triangular cross section, and tubular. The distributions of local concentration ratio over these absorbers have been investigated using a ray tracing procedure. S 3814 OUTDOOR EVALUATION OF LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR PROTOTYPES M SIDRACH DE CARDONA ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 24 13 1985 20282032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.24.00 In this paper we present an outdoor evaluation of luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) throughout the whole day with different weather conditions. An electric gain of Gp = 25% was obtained with a LSC of PMMA doped with KF-241 dye. These results are compared with those previously reported. S 3815 EFFICIENCY OF LUMINESCENCE IN LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATORS A LEMPICKI APPLIED OPTICS 22 8 1983 11601164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.22.00 The power efficiency of luminescence excited by solar radiation in luminescent solar collectors is Page 97 of 116 calculated for a glass sheet doped with Cr3+. The achievable chemical potential for an optically thick absorber irradiated by diluted blackbody radiation as a function of Cr3+ concentration, sheet thickness, sunlight dilution, and luminescence quantum yield leads directly to overall conversion efficiency of solar power to luminescence power. S 3816 LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATORS: EFFECTS OF SHAPE ON EFFICIENCY E LOH & D J SCALAPINO APPLIED OPTICS 25 12 1986 19011907 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.25.00 The effects of shape and photovoltaic cell placement on efficiency are studied for luminescent solar concentrators. The mean path length of light rays is found to be a poor measure of performance. Simple arguments based on a method of images show that the efficiency grows linearly with detector size h, saturating at h pA/?, where A is the captation area of the collector, and ? is the attenuation length of radiation in the medium. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that efficiency is relatively independent of collector geometry. S 3817 CONTACTLESS EFFICIENT TWOSTAGE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR FOR TUBULAR ABSORBER P BENITEZ ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 36 28 1998 71197124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.36.00 The design of a new type of two-mirror solar concentrator for a tubular receiver, the XX concentrator, is presented. The main feature of the XX is that it has a sizable gap between the secondary mirror and the absorber and it still achieves concentrations close to the thermodynamic limit with high collection efficiencies. This characteristic makes the XX unique and, contrary to current two-stage designs, allows for the location of the secondary outside the evacuated tube. One of the XX concentrators presented achieves an average flux concentration within ±0.73 deg of 91.1% of the thermodynamic limit with a collection efficiency of 96.8% (i.e., 3.2% of the rays incident on the primary mirror within ±0.73 deg are rejected). Another XX design is 92.5% efficient and receives 95.1% of the maximum concentration. These values are the highest reported for practical concentrators, to our knowledge. The gap between the absorber and the secondary mirror is 6.8 and 10.5 times the absorber radius for each concentrator. Moreover the rim angle of the primary mirror is 98.8 and 104.4 deg in each case, which is of interest for the collector s good mechanical stability. S 3817 MEASURED SURFACE LOSS FROM LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WAVEGUIDES M G DEBIJE ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 47 36 2008 67636768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.47.00 The surface and edge emissions from dye-filled and dye-topped polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate luminescent solar concentrators were measured. We demonstrate that about 40 50% of the absorbed light energy (and 50 70% of the photons) is lost through the top and bottom surfaces of the filled waveguide. In most cases the escape cone losses are greater at the top than the bottom surface. S 3818 SOLAR CONCENTRATOR WITH A CIRCULAR PRISM ARRAY J HUANG ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 49 23 2010 44724478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.00 We present a novel idea to construct a solar concentrator with a circular prism array. FRED ray tracing software is used to evaluate our proposed structure in which the incident light Page 98 of 116 rays are deflected by total internal reflection and the optical energy is concentrated and collected at the center. The light rays to be collected travel within the disk once they enter the module, saving the space that is reserved for ray propagation in other concentrators. Simulations for both single-wavelength and broadband light are performed. Our device can be used alone or serve as a secondary concentrator when combined with another solar-energy focusing module. For the proposed concentrator, an optical efficiency of 90% (single wavelength, 0.87µm ) is achieved under normal incidence and with antireflection coating, and a high geometric concentration ratio of 93 is reached. When combined with a Fresnel lens, which is used as a primary concentrator, the overall efficiency and concentration ratio can reach 92% (single wavelength, 0.87µm) and 837, respectively. S 3819 CHARACTERIZATION AND REDUCTION OF REABSORPTION LOSSES IN LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATORS L R WILSON ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 49 9 2010 16511661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.00 The effects of excitation wavelength on the optical properties (emission spectrum and quantum yield) of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) containing a fluorescent organic dye (Lumogen F Rot 305) are studied. Excitation at wavelengths on the longwavelength edge of the absorption spectrum of the dye results in redshifted emission, but the quantum yield remains constant at 100%. The origin of this effect and its consequences are discussed. The extent of the long-wavelength tail of the absorption spectrum of the dye is determined and the importance in reabsorption losses is shown. The optical efficiencies and photon transport probabilities of LSCs containing either an organic dye or a rare-earth lanthanide complex are compared using ray-tracing simulations and experiment. The optical efficiency is shown to depend strongly on the Stokes shift of the fluorophore. The lanthanide complex, which has a very large Stokes shift, exhibits a higher optical efficiency than the dye (64% cf. 50%), despite its lower quantum yield (86% cf. 100%). S 3820 LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATORS. 2: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THEIR POSSIBLE EFFICIENCIES J S BATCHELDER ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 20 21 1981 37333754 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.20.00 Experimental techniques are developed to determine the applicability of a particular luminescing center for use in a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC). The relevant steady-state characteristics of eighteen common organic laser dyes are given. The relative spectral homogeneity of such dyes are shown to depend upon the surrounding material using narrowband laser excitation. We developed three independent techniques for measuring self-absorption rates; these are timeresolved emission, steady-state polarization anisotropy, and spectral convolution. Preliminary dye degradation and prototype efficiency measurements are included. Finally, we give simple relationships relating the efficiency and gain of an LSC to key spectroscopic parameters of its constituents. Page 99 of 116 S 3821 OPTICAL DESIGNS FOR ULTRAHIGH-FLUX INFRARED AND SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION: MONOLITHIC DIELECTRIC TAILORED EDGE-RAY CONCENTRATORS R P FRIEDMAN & M J GORDON APPLIED OPTICS 35 34 1996 66846691 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.35.00 A new class of optical designs is developed for attaining ultrahigh flux in infrared and solar energy concentrators. These concentrators are required to satisfy simultaneously three criteria: (1) being monolithic, i.e., comprising a single piece of dielectric such that no mirrored surfaces or air spaces between concentrator elements are introduced; (2) attaining at least 90% of the thermodynamic limit to concentration; and (3) being relatively compact, e.g., aspect ratios of the order of unity or less. Our inventions are rooted in the recently developed formalism of tailored edgeray concentrators. S 3822 INFORMATION THEORY AND SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION R P PATERA & H S ROBERTSON APPLIED OPTICS 19 14 1980 24032407 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.19.00 Information theory is applied to the problem of solar radiation collection. We find that the optimum solar concentrator corresponds to a perfect imaging system, i.e., one that images the entire sky on the absorber with no aberrations. For a nonisotropic distribution of radiation at the collector aperture, many thermally separated absorber segments are necessary at the absorber for optimum performance. The heat transfer fluid is first passed through the warm segments and then passed sequentially through the progressively hotter segments. S 3823 ACHIEVEMENT OF ULTRAHIGH SOLAR CONCENTRATION WITH POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENT LASER PUMPING P GLECKMAN APPLIED OPTICS 27 21 1988 43854391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.27.00 Measurements are reported of the irradiance produced by a two-stage solar concentrator designed to approach the thermodynamic limit. Sunlight is collected by a 40.6-cm diam parabolic primary which forms a 0.98-cm diam image. The image is reconcentrated by a nonimaging refracting secondary with index n = 1.53 to a final aperture 1.27 mm in diameter. Thus the geometrical concentration ratio is 102, 000. The highest irradiance value achieved was 4.4 ± 0.2 kW cm-2, or 56,000 ± 5000 suns, relative to a solar disk insolation of 800 W m-2. This is greater than the previous peak solar irradiance record by nearly a factor of 3, and it is 68% of that existing at the solar surface itself. The efficiency with which we concentrated 55 W of sunlight to a small spot suggests that our two-stage system would be an excellent candidate for solar pumping of solid state lasers. S 3824 APLANATIC DOUBLE REFLECTION SYSTEM FOR THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS: DESIGN F DEMICHELIS ET AL APPLIED OPTICS 20 24 1981 41904192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.20.00 The design of a solar concentrator is presented; it consists of a spherical mirror and a field of Fresnel mirror facets deployed on a spherical surface so that sine condition is satisfied, eliminating both spherical aberration and coma. This particular easy to construct optical system yields high concentration ratios and has the distinct advantage of having a narrow beam aperture near the receiver. Page 100 of 116 These design features make the concentrator particularly suitable for thermophotovoltaic applications. S 3825 PENDING ISSUES IN THE MODELING OF CONCENTRATOR SOLAR CELLS C ALGORA ET AL SIMULATION STANDARD FEBRUARY 2005 http://silvaco.com/tech_lib_TCAD/simu lationstandard/2005/feb/feb2005_hires .pdf This article, published in the Proceedings of the 19th uropean Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Paris, 2004, presents the ability of ATLAS-Luminous3D to simulate heterostructure Solar Cell. The modelling of concentrator solar cells for real conditions of operation inside optical concentrators is a subject almost untreated. Consequently, this work highlights the main specific situations that should be included in a realistic modelling. The results of a 2D modelling applied to the case of a 1000 sun GaAs concentrator solar cell inside a TIR-R concentrator are presented. The necessity of going towards a 3-D modelling is also stated. This task is being carried out now at IES-UPM. S 3826 SPECTRAL BEAM SPLITTING TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASED CONVERSION EFFICIENCY IN SOLAR CONCENTRATING SYSTEMS: A REVIEW A G IMENES & D R MILLS SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS & SOLAR CELLS 84 1-4 OCT/2004 1969 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004 .01.038 Solar concentrating systems that employ one or more quantum receivers may realize improved energy utilization and higher electric conversion efficiency by incorporating spectral beam splitting technology. Such techniques were investigated in thermophotovoltaic conversion, introduced in the early 1960s, and in concentrating PV devices using cells of different band-gap materials, proposed as early as 1955. One major application was found in systems combining quantum and thermal receivers. This article presents a review of the various solar hybrid beam splitting systems proposed in the literature and the different spectrum splitting strategies employed. S 3827 MOLECULAR-BASED SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO NEW GROUP IV MATERIALS FOR HIGHEFFICIENCY, LOW-COST SOLAR CELLS AND Si-BASED OPTOELECTRONICS Y FANG ET AL AM CERAM SOC BULL 130 47 Ge1-x-ySixSny alloys have emerged as a new class of highly versatile IR semiconductors offering the potential for independent variation of band structure and lattice dimension, making them the first practical group IV ternary system fully compatible with Si CMOS processing. In this paper we develop and apply new synthetic protocols based on designer molecular hydrides of Si, Ge, and Sn to demonstrate this concept from a synthesis perspective. Variation of the Si/Sn ratio in the ternary leads to an entirely new family of semiconductors exhibiting tunable direct band gaps (Eo) ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 eV at a fixed lattice constant identical to that of Ge, as required for the design of highefficiency multijunction solar cells based on group IV/III-V hybrids. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we fabricated lattice-matched Si(100)/Ge/SiGeSn/InGaAs architectures on low-cost Si(100) substrates for the first time. These exhibit the required optical, structural, and thermal properties, thus representing a viable starting point en route to a complete four-junction photovoltaic device. In the context of Si-Ge-Sn optoelectronic applications, we show that Ge1-x-ySixSny alloys Page 101 of 116 serve as higher-gap barrier layers for the formation of light emitting structures based on Ge1-ySny quantum wells grown on Si. S 3828 CAMERAS CONTROL GLASS AMPOULE PRODUCTION GLASS WORLDWIDE JULYAUG/2012 60 In this article, Alessandro Crescentinini, sales and spare parts manager at OCMI/Moderne Mecanique (Italy), presents the latest innovation from OCMI, a camerabased control system for the production of glass ampoules. The OCMI Optistem/2 camera control system is not to control and reject defective ampoules with out-oftolerance values but to control and correct process faults during the production cycle and consequently, to reduce waste glass and improve machine efficiency. S 3829 [USA] CORNING LAUNCHES FLEXIBLE GLASS GLASS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2012 8 Corning Inc has announced the launch of Corning Willow Glass, an ultra-slim flexible glass, aimed at revolutionising the shape and form of next generation consumer electronic technologies. The glass is expected to help enable thin, light and cost-efficient applications including today's slim displays and the smart surface of the future. According to the company, the thinness, strength and flexibility of the glass has the potential to enable displays to be "wrapped" around a device or structure and can be processed at temperatures up to 500 deg C. It will support thinner backpanes and colour filters for both organic light emitting diodes (OLED) and liquid crystal displays (LCD) in high-performance, portable devices such as smart phones, tablets, and notebook computers. It is also aimed at helping to develop conformable (curved) displays for immersive viewing or mounting on non-flat surfaces. "Displays become more pervasive each day and manufacturers strive to make both portable devices and large displays thinner. Corning Willow Glass provides the substrate performance to maintain device quality in a thin and light form factor," said Dr Dipak Chowdhury, division VP and Willow Glass Program Director. S 3830 DEVELOPMENT OF A CATHODOLUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPE FOR REFRACTORY ANALYSIS RHI BULLETIN 1 2011 36-39 Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy is an investigative method that is complimentary to optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whilst exploiting aspects of both techniques. Its main area of application is in the geological sciences, the field in which it was initially developed; it has seen only limited use in the study of refractories and technical ceramics. Although several commercial systems are available, their use is largely restricted to universities and research institutions. One reason for this is the relatively high equipment cost, starting around US$ 25,000 for a stage mounted optical microscope unit, rising to US$ 80,000 for complete microscope systems. S 3831 [USA] GUARDIAN - SOLAR MIRRORS FOR WORLD's LARGEST SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT GLASS-TECH INTERNATIONAL 3/12 23 Guardian Industries has announced that its EcoGuard Solar Boost mirrors are being installed at the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS) in California's Mojave Desert. The project, a partnership between NRG Solar (a subsidiary of NRG Energy), Google and BrightSource Energy, will nearly double the amount of solar thermal energy produced in the US today. Guardian started Page 102 of 116 supplying the first of 160,000 of its EcoGuard mirrors to ISEG in November 2011. "Martin Bracamonte, VP, Science & Technology, Guardian Flat Glass Group said: "EcoGuard Solar Boost has been proven to withstand the extreme conditions found in the Mojave Desert. The technology used in manufacturing the glass gives it the extra edge in being a more durable and reliable resource to maximise capturing the sun's energy for large-scale use." Guardian's EcoGuard mirrors have an industryleading reflectivity. In 1978, Guardian Industries delivered one of its first sets of laminated flat mirrors to Sandia Nat Labs , one of the first solar fields in the US. At the Ivanpah solar plant, thousands of software-controlled mirrors track the sun in 2D and reflect the sunlight to a boiler that sits atop a tower. When the concentrated sunlight strikes the boilers pipes, it heats the water to create superheated steam. This high-temperature steam is then piped from the boiler to a standard turbine where electricity is generated. S 3832 [GLASTON] SOLAR GLASS SOLUTIONS PROVIDING RELIABILITY, QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY GLASS-TECH INT 3/12 58-60 Bavelloni is known as a reliable brand for glass processing machinery for the architectural, furniture and appliance glass industries. The company has delivered over 20,000 glass processing machines to over 100 countries during its 65 years of operations, and its wide production range includes tools, cutting, edging, bevelling, drilling and CNC machines, available also in integrated lines. PATENTS CN 202176037 (U) HUBEI HONGYI Bdg Eng Co Ltd 28 March 2012 GLASS RIB CONNECTING CLAMP PLATE MEMBER FOR FULL-GLASS CURTAIN WALL The utility model relates to a glass rib connecting clamp plate member for a full-glass curtain wall, belonging to the field of architectural decoration engineering machinery. The connecting clamp plate member consists of a glass rib, a connecting clamp plate, an aluminium alloy sleeve, a viscose packing layer, a non-woven fabric viscose layer and bolts. The connecting clamp plate member is characterized in that a connecting hole at one end of the glass rib is internally provided with the aluminium alloy sleeve, and the viscose packing layer is arranged between the aluminium alloy sleeve and the inner wall of the connecting hole and can effectively absorb and release stress, therefore the damage to glass caused by the focusing of stress is avoided; and the non-woven fabric viscose layer is arranged between the connecting clamp plate and the glass rib so as to increase the adhesion and the friction between the connecting clamp plate and the glass rib simultaneously, therefore by the design, the connection strength of the glass rib connecting clamp plate member is increased, the stability and the safety in connection are improved, and the service life is prolonged. Page 103 of 116 CN 202162657 (U) LINYI YOUNG SUNRISING MACHINERY CO LTD 14 March 2012 GRINDING WHEEL FIXING DEVICE FOR GLASS EDGE GRINDING MACHINE The utility model discloses a grinding wheel fixing device for a glass edge grinding machine, which belongs to the technical field of glass grinding machinery. The device consists of a retaining screw, a screw cover, a grinding wheel seat and a positioning screw, wherein the grinding wheel seat is fixedly connected with an output transmission shaft of a motor, a grinding wheel is connected with the grinding wheel seat by the retaining screw, and the screw cover is arranged between the grinding wheel seat and the grinding wheel. With the adoption of the structure, compared with the prior art, the grinding wheel fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, firmness and reliability. CN 202080683 (U) CHANGSHA FE PHARMACEUTICAL MACHINERY CO LTD 21 December 2011 CONTINUOUS PASSAGE BOTTLE WASHER The utility model discloses a continuous passage bottle washer, which relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical machinery and comprises a bottle washing box; frame; a bottle washing roller; more than two guardrail sets; a nozzle device; a bottle feed rail; a bottle discharge rail; a front limit plate; a rear limit plate; and a bottle feeder. The continuous passage bottle washer has the advantages of high operation efficiency, small equipment length, small occupation area, capability of achieving continuous bottle feeding and discharging, and the like, and is applicable to washing of glass bottles, plastic bottles or other bottles in the pharmaceutical industry, the chemical industry, the food and drink industry and the like. CN 202074739 (U) ZHIGUO LIU 14 December 2011 SHELL OF A SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR The utility model provides a shell of a solar energy collector, which belongs to the technical field of machinery. The problems that the cost of the whole solar energy collector is increased and the solar energy collector is not convenient to assemble because a heatpreserving layer is arranged in the shell of a traditional solar energy collector are solved. The shell of the solar energy collector comprises a pedestal and transparent glass, wherein the pedestal is provided with a cavity which is unfolded along the transverse direction; the transparent glass is fixed at a port of the pedestal; a cavity between the transparent glass and the pedestal is used for accommodating heat exchange tubes; and the pedestal is of a hollow structure and is made from a heat-insulating material. In the shell of the solar energy collector, because the pedestal is of the hollow structure, the pedestal per se has a heat-preserving effect and the heat-preserving layer is not required to be paved at the bottom in the shell in the whole solar energy collector. Page 104 of 116 CN 202177752 (U) TIANMA MICRO ELECTRONICS CO LTD 28 March 2012 LIQUID CRYSTAL GLASSES The utility model relates to the technical field of stereoscopic display and provides liquid crystal glasses. The liquid crystal glasses comprise a left glass piece and a right glass piece, wherein the left glass piece and/or the right glass piece comprises a liquid crystal box; the liquid crystal box comprises first upper polarized glass, lower polarized glass, frames, a first conductive film and a first orientation layer, a second conductive film and a second orientation layer, and liquid crystal, wherein the first conductive film and the first orientation layer are coated at the inner side of the first upper polarized glass in sequence; the second conductive film and the second orientation layer are coated at the inner side of the lower polarized glass in sequence; and the liquid crystal is filled in a space enclosed by the first orientation layer, the second orientation layer and the two frames. Since the polarized glass with less thickness is used for replacing the existing upper and lower polarized pieces, the thickness of the glass piece of the liquid crystal glass is reduced, the whole volume of the liquid crystal glass is reduced, and especially when the liquid crystal glass is the 3D liquid crystal glass, the structure provides the possibility for improving the fashion attractiveness of the 3D liquid crystal glass and adding various outdoor purposes and is convenient for promotion and application of products. CZ 303117 (B6) VYSOKA UEKOLA CHEMICKO TECHNOLOGICKA V PRAZE 11 April 2012 LEAD AND BARIUM FREE CRYSTAL GLASS CONTAINING LANTHANUM AND NIOBIUM OXIDES In the present invention, there is disclosed lead- and barium-free crystal glass containing lanthanum and niobium oxides, with refraction index higher than 1.54 and specific weight of at least 2.58 g.cme-3, containing 63.0 +/- 2.5 percent by weight of SiOi2, up to 2.0 percent by weight of Ali2Oi3 and/or up to 2.0 Bi2Oi3, 3.0 +/- 2.5 percent by weight of Lai2Oi3, 4.0 +/- 3.5 percent by weight of Nbi2Oi5, 3.0 +/- 2.0 percent by weight of SrO, 7.0 +/- 2.0 percent by weight of CaO, 1.0 +/- 1.0 percent by weight of MgO, 2.0 +/- 2.0 percent by weight of ZnO, 5.0 +/- 2.0 percent by weight of Nai2O, 10.0 +/- 2.0 percent by weight of Ki2O, 0.4 +/0.2 percent by weight of Sbi2Oi3, 0.05 +/- 0.02 percent by weight of Eri2Oi3 + Ndi2Oi3, wherein the sum of Ali2Oi3 and Bi2Oi3 is up to 4 percent by weight, the sum of Ki2O and ZnO is in excess of 10 percent by weight,; and the sum of Lai2Oi3 and Nbi2Oi5 is in the range of 4 to 12 percent by weight. Page 105 of 116 DE 102010043634 (A1) Krones AG 10 May 2012 DEVICE FOR HANDLING ARTICLES, E.G. GLASS BOTTLES IN BEVERAGE INDUSTRY, HAS MONITORING DEVICE CONNECTED WITH REJECTION DEVICE & INCLUDING COUNTING DEVICE WHOSE SIGNALS ARE TRANSFERRED TO CONTROLLER FOR MONITORING FILLING LEVEL OF CONTAINER The handling device has a rejection device including a collection container provided for rejected articles. A counting device of a monitoring device is attached to the container. The monitoring device is connected with the rejection device. Signals of the counting device are transferred to a controller for monitoring a filling level of the container by comparing a number of rejected articles determined by the counting device with a number of articles corresponding to a preset filling level in the container. An independent claim is also included for a method for handling articles i.e. beverage containers. KR 20120012689 DONGJIN SEMICHEM CO LTD 10 February 2012 LIQUID CRYSTAL PANEL FOR WINDOW USING DYESENSITIZED SOLAR CELL A liquid crystal panel for a window using a dye sensitized solar cell module is provided to improve photoelectric transformation effects by supplying voltages to liquid crystal glass or a liquid crystal film. A liquid crystal is injected into a liquid crystal panel of a window. The liquid crystal is turned on or off according to an applied power source. A dye sensitize solar cell module is attached at the one side of the liquid crystal panel for the window. A charging circuit changes the power source of the dye sensitize solar cell module with a charging voltage. The charging circuit controls the charge of the charging voltage. A liquid crystal driving unit drives the liquid crystal of the liquid panel. MX 2010008985 (A) Solis Alvaro Nunez 20 February 2012 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS USING ALL TYPE OF RECOVERED GLASS The present invention describes a process using waste glass resulting from PC monitors, televisions, refrigerators, microwaves, wine bottles and perfume bottles amongst others, which is milled to a grain size of from about 5 meshes to about 300 meshes, which may be used for the manufacture of a novel TRC mixture (ecological paste) with which a large amount of construction, decoration, and consumption products and byproducts may be manufactured. The invention is successful in the integration of up to 60% by weight of the TRC waste mixture in each product, thus being excellent for replacing carbonates, gravels, sands, amongst other materials, and avoiding the extraction of virgin raw materials from the earth. The values obtained from the compression resistance and the rupture module are above the minimum values accepted by the NMX-C-316-86ONNCCE, which turns the invention into an Page 106 of 116 affordable and environmentally attractive process. MX 2011012608 (A) Crown Packaging Technology (USA) 2 April 2012 CLOSURE ASSEMBLY A closure assembly comprising a two-part closure having a metal panel or disc and a ring and a container such as a glass jar. The ring is substantially cylindrical with an axially upwardly extending sidewall and has a radially inwardly extending lower edge. The jar terminates in a radially outwardly extending beaded rim and the disc has a curled circumference, such that this curl co-operates with the beaded rim of the container to provide a primary seal. In one example, in a metal ring, the lower edge is curled with equally spaced lugs on the skirt wall. In a plastic ring, the upper rim feature may be omitted. RO 126155 (A0) INST NATIONAL DE CERCETARE DEZVOLTARE PENTRU 30 March 2011 SIMULATOR DETERMINING OPTIMUM PARAMETERS OF CONTAINERS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF AQUATIC ANIMALS The invention relates to a simulator determining the optimal parameters of the containers for the transportation of aquatic animals, being meant to make the correlation between the density and amount of biological material (kg of fish/mof water), the water aeration level, the transportation container volume and the aerator characteristics. According to the invention, the simulator consists of a container made of acrylic glass for ensuring the visualization of the aeration phenomenon, an aerator consisting of a circular plate with equally spaced orifices, an air pump which ensures supply of the aerator whose flow rate is read and controlled by means of a rotameter, a pipe for sampling water that is being aerated, which by means of a peristaltic pump is led to the measuring cell of an oximeter, provided with oxygen and temperature sensor and with display for displaying these parameters and then reintroduced into the container through the nozzle of a valve, the container aeration as well as changing the pressure on the free surface being ensured by means of a valve. RO 125978 (A0) NITA ADRIAN 28 January 2011 CURTAIN FACADE The invention relates to a curtain facade used for the exterior closing of a building. According to the invention, the facade consists of some pillars fixed to some floors of a bearing structure of a building by some attaching and fastening elements respectively, on the pillars there being fixed by some self-cutting screws, some fastening elements permitting the mounting of some cross-beams provided with some fastening limiters, which cross the pillars, forming together some window openings wherein some thermopane glass windows or polyurethane foam windows are mounted, by means of some intermediate blocks they rest onto, the mounting thereof being achieved by means of some fastening elements, some gaskets, some screws and some clips, the fastening element having two sides (3' and 3''), a long side and a short Page 107 of 116 side, arranged at an angle of 90 DEG to one another, on the long side (3') there being cut two parallel oblong cutouts (a) of the same length and two cylindrical seats (b), while on the short side (3'') there are cut two parallel oblong cutouts (c) of the same length, the oblong shape being about a longitudinal axis, the two sides (3' and 3'') being stiffened by means of two triangleshaped plates (4). RU 2412122 (C1) SHCHEPOCHKINA JULIJA ALEKSEEVNA 20 Febraury 2011 CRUDE MIXTURE FOR MAKING ARTIFICIAL EMERALD This invention relates to making artificial stones and minerals. The crude mixture for making artificial emerald contains soda, cobalt carbonate, chromium carbonate, scrap crystal glass, with the following ratio of components, pts. wt: scrap crystal glass 89.1-91.2; soda 8-10; cobalt carbonate 0.050.1; chromium carbonate 0.75-0.8. This has the effect of obtaining environmentally safe crude mixture for making artificial emerald. TW 201219323 (A) HUZHOU TA HSIANG GLASS PRODUCTS CO LTD 16 May 2012 METHOD & APPARATUS OF CONTINUOUSLY FORMING CRYSTALLISED GLASS One objective of the present invention was to provide a method of continuously forming crystallized glass, so as to reduce the thermal treatment time necessary for crystallizing a belt-shaped glass plate; and to provide an apparatus of continuously forming crystallized glass, so as to shorten the thermal treatment zone necessary for crystallizing a belt-shaped glass plate. A method of continuously forming crystallized glass according to the present invention includes: a melting step of melting a raw glass material to obtain molten glass; a shaping step of rolling the molten glass to form a belt-shaped glass plate; a crystallizing step of retaining the belt-shaped glass plate at a temperature necessary for nuclei formation and crystal growth, thereby forming nuclei and crystallizing the belt-shaped glass plate to a belt-shaped crystallized glass plate, and then slowly cooling the belt-shaped crystallized glass plate; and a cutting step of cutting the belt-shaped crystallized glass plate. US 2012114457 (A1) NICOLETTI FABIANO 10 May 2012 STRUCTURE FOR GLASS CONTAINERS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL USE The package structure for glass containers for pharmaceutical use (eg bottles, carpules and vials ), comprises a tray accommodating, at a raised position with respect to its bottom, a support plane having a plurality of holes for introducing containers spaced with a preset spatial order, the support plane comprising, at each introduction hole, elastically yielding means for holding the container by means of a radial holding force, the holding means extending inside the volume enclosed by the projection of the perimeter of the hole in a manner parallel to the central symmetry axis of the latter. Page 108 of 116 US 2012113248 (A1) Krones AG 10 May 2012 DEVICE FOR INSPECTING CONTAINERS DEVICE FOR INSPECTING CONTAINERS DEVICE FOR INSPECTING CONTAINERS Device for inspecting containers or the like, in particular bottles of glass or plastics, with an inspection module mounted at a conveying path, where, be able to adapt the device more flexibly to corresponding customer demands and to reduce assembly and adjustment works, the device is formed as a modular inspection unit with a support with location places for a plurality of inspection modules. US 2012194974 (A1) Apple Inc 2 August 2012 ENHANCED CHEMICAL STRENGTHENING GLASS FOR PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES Apparatus, systems and methods for improving strength of a thin glass member for an electronic device are disclosed. In one embodiment, the glass member can have improved strength characteristics in accordance with a predetermined stress profile. The predetermined stress profile can be formed through multiple stages of chemical strengthening. The stages can, for example, have a first ion exchange stage where larger ions are exchanged into the glass member, and a second ion exchange stage where some of the larger ions are exchanged out from the glass member. In one embodiment, the glass member can pertain to a glass cover for a housing for an electronic device. The glass cover can be provided over or integrated with a display. US 2012196099 (A1) AGC Glass Europe 2 August 2012 COATED GLASS SHEET Glass sheets according to the invention, in particular lacquered glass sheets, are covered with a coating of enamel. This coating comprises between 11 and 40% of organic material. Such glass sheets may be heat treated and, before heat treatment, may be handled and transported without damaging the coating, may be cut and ground without causing the coating to peel off or to be damaged at the borders of the cutting line, and offer a good resistance under running water, avoiding the peeling off or destruction of the coating during edges grinding or storage or transportation. US 2012156119 (A1) Northwestern University 21 June 2012 NONLINEAR OPTIC GLASSY FIBERS, METHODS OF MAKING AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME A nonlinear optic article for difference frequency generation is provided. The article comprises a wave mixer configured to generate a difference frequency mixing signal, the wave mixer comprising a compound made from one or more noncentrosymmetric crystalglass phase-change materials comprising one or more chalcogenide compounds that are structurally one dimensional and comprise a polymeric 1[infinity][PSe6-] chain or a polymeric 1[infinity][P2Se62-] chain, wherein the one or more chalcogenide compounds are Page 109 of 116 capable of difference frequency generation. WO 2011150066 Emhart Glass SA 1 December 2011 POST-MANUFACTURE GLASS CONTAINER THERMAL STRENGTHENING ON A CONVEYOR A method of manufacturing of strengthened glass containers, and more particularly a method of thermally strengthening glass containers in a glass container manufacturing line while they are on a conveyor intermediate the hot end and the cold end. Glass containers formed at an IS machine are conveyed through a special tempering Lehr that heats them uniformly to a high temperature that is short of temperatures at which they may become deformed. Subsequently, the glass containers while being transported on a conveyor are subjected to a unique rapid thermal strengthening cooling process in which the outer and inner surfaces including all areas of the glass containers are simultaneously cooled to a temperature below the Strain Point of the glass used in the glass containers. WO 2012046459 (A1) Toyo Glass Co Ltd 12 April 2012 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING GLASS BOTTLES The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for manufacturing bottles with a narrow mouth without creating a bead, easily and at low cost, when manufacturing a plurality of types of bottles having the same body shape with different mouth diameters. A plurality of types of mouth molds corresponding to the shapes of the mouth of the glass bottles to be formed are prepared. Also prepared are a plurality of types of neck moldings having a neck molding face corresponding to the shapes of the neck of the glass bottles to be formed in a rough mold and a finish mold which have a two-part cylindrical shape on which a half-doughnut-shaped notch is formed on the upper edge of each half. The half-doughnutplate-shaped neck moldings, the inner peripheral surfaces of which are the neck molding face, are removably attached to the notches. The present invention solves the above problem by forming glass bottles using a mouth mold selected corresponding to the shape of the mouth and neck of the glass bottle to be formed as well as a rough mold and a finish mold to which the neck molding is attached. WO 2012044252 (A1) JINGXIN TRADE & INVEST LLP 5 April 2012 AN EASY OPEN CROWN CAP AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD The present invention discloses an easy open crown cap and its production method. It is composed of a top and a side, and a connecting strip with a handle is extended from the hemline on its side. The first longitudinal incision and the second longitudinal incision are symmetrically established on both sides of the said connecting strip on its side. The said first incision and second incision are located between its top and the hemline on its side. An easy open crown cap and its production method in the present invention use such a manner that the crown cap can be easily opened, which Page 110 of 116 can avoid bruising the bottle mouth when it is opened, and improve the recycling rate of glass bottles. Due to the existence of incisions on the side of the cap, when the pressure sealed within a glass bottle is overhigh because of external factors, the incisions on the side of the cap will be swelling up, which results in air leak, reduces the risks of glass bottle explosion after sealing, can avoid the phenomenon of twisted insertion between crown caps caused by existing incisions during production in a production line, guarantee the product quality and enhance the productivity effect. WO 2012103552 (A2) California Inst Technology 2 August 2012 FORMING OF FERROMAGNETIC METALLIC GLASS BY RAPID CAPACITOR DISCHARGE An apparatus and method of uniformly heating, rheologically softening, and thermoplastically forming magnetic metallic glasses rapidly into a net shape using a rapid capacitor discharge forming (RCDF) tool are provided. The RCDF method utilizes the discharge of electrical energy stored in a capacitor to uniformly and rapidly heat a sample or charge of metallic glass alloy to a predetermined "process temperature" between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous material and the equilibrium melting point of the alloy in a time scale of several milliseconds or less. Once the sample is uniformly heated such that the entire sample block has a sufficiently low process viscosity it may be shaped into high quality amorphous bulk articles via any number of techniques including, for example, injection molding, dynamic forging, stamp forging, sheet forming, and blow molding in a time frame of less than 1 second. WO 2012103194 (A1) Corning Inc 2 August 2012 GLASS COMPOSITIONS HAVING HIGH THERMAL AND CHEMICAL STABILITY Described herein are alkali-free, boroalumino silicate glasses exhibiting desirable physical and chemical properties for use as substrates in flat panel display devices, such as, active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) and active matrix organic light rmitting diode displays (AMOLEDs). In accordance with certain of its aspects, the glasses possess good dimensional stability as a function of temperature. The glasses comprise in mol percent on an oxide basis : 70-74,5 SiO2, 10, 5-13,5 AL2O3, 0-2,5 B2O3, 3-7 MgO, 3-7 CaO, 0-4 SrO, 1,5-6 BaO, 0-0,3 SnO2, 0-03 CeO2, 00,5 As2O3, 0-0,5 Sb2O3, 0,01-0,08 Fe2O3 and F+Cl+Br ? RO/Al2O3 ? 1.7 and 0,2 ? MgO/RO ? 0.45, RO being the sum of MgO, BaO, SrO and CaO. WO 2012103190 (A1) Corning Inc 2 August 2012 LAMINATED PV MODULE PACKAGE Laminated packages and photovoltaic modules having a glass substrate layer or a plurality of glass substrate layers encapsulated between top and bottom glass protective layers. The glass substrate layers can have similar CTE. Likewise, the top and bottom glass protective layers can have similar CTEs, CTEs that may Page 111 of 116 be different from the CTE of the glass substrate layer or layers. WO 2012102851 (A1) Guardian Industries 2 August 2012 HEAT TREATABLE FOUR LAYER ANTI-REFLECTION COATING A coated article includes a heat treatable (eg, temperable) antireflection (AR) coating having four layers. The AR coating includes a layer adjacent the glass substrate having an index of refraction substantially matching that of the glass substrate, and having a compressive residual stress. In certain example embodiments, the coating may include the following layers from the glass substrate outwardly: stress-reducing layer/medium index layer/high index layer/low index layer. In certain example embodiments, depending on the chemical and optical properties of the high index layer and the substrate, the stress-reducing layer of the AR coating is selected to cause a net compressive residual stress and thus improve the overall performance of the antireflection coating when the coated article is heat treated. WO 2012102318 (A1) Nippon Electric Glass Co 2 August 2012 LENS MANUFACTURING METHOD AND LIQUID CRYSTAL LENS Provided are a liquid crystal lens manufacturing method and a liquid crystal lens. Although thin plate glass is used as a glass plate for dividing a liquid crystal layer, breakage of the thin plate glass can be prevented in a manufacturing process. Liquid crystal lenses (10) are manufactured by cutting a mother liquid crystal lens in which a plurality of liquid crystal lens units are arranged in a length direction. Side surfaces (13c, 13d, 14c, 14d) extending in the length direction of a glass ribbon that becomes thin plate glasses (13, 14) have sections taken in a direction perpendicular to the length direction, and the sections have outwardly curved convex shapes. Please note you can download any of the patents mentioned from: http://www.epo.org/searching/free/esp acenet.html CONFERENCES, EXHIBITIONS, AND TRAINING COURSES/TRAINING AVAILABLE FROM BRITISH GLASS TECHNICAL/INTERMEDIARY: GLASS APPRECIATION 2-day Course – 2-3rd October 2012 This course is designed to give delegates a broad understanding of glass as a material covering manufacture, properties, uses and environmental impacts. The course combines both theoretical and practical sessions where delegates will have the opportunity to: • help make their own glass object, • test glass products for strength • attempt to identify different types of glass to remove contaminants from glass collected for recycling • experiment with different glass Page 112 of 116 coatings to see the effect these have on the glass product. Origins of Fractures Breakage Patterns Fracture Markings Areas Covered: • Introduction to the glass sector • Glass forming • Properties and uses of glass • Inspection and quality controls • Glass batch and melting • Common glass defects and their causes • Glass furnaces and melting technology • Surface protection and coatings • Recycling and environmental Issues Contact: [email protected] GLASS FRACTURE APPRECIATION COURSE This course is designed for those who have to investigate the causes of glass failure in their products or who are charged with designing and specifying glass products to ensure that they are fit for purpose. This course is very practical in nature and theoretical knowledge is reinforced by practical real life examples of failed products. The course will give delegates the background to begin identifying the causes of glass failure and teach them what steps are required to positively identify why a failure occurred and how it might be prevented in the future. The course utilises the state of the art GTS product performance laboratory for practical demonstrations of glass failure under controlled conditions. On both courses delegate numbers are kept low to encourage an informal atmosphere and enable delegates to bring examples from their own work for discussion during the sessions. Presenters are chosen from a wide range of GTS and British Glass Staff who are experts in their particular field. Experts are available throughout the course duration to answer any questions delegates may have. Exact course content is tailored to the interests of the course delegates with the potential to run small break out sessions on specialist subjects if there is specific interest. Contact: [email protected] BESPOKE COURSES GTS/British Glass can also offer bespoke courses either at its Chapeltown Site or on customer premises. Our staff and network of associated consultants have expertise in all areas of glass manufacturing, user and disposal and are happy to design a course to cover your specific needs. Please contact Chris Holcroft to discuss your requirements. Courses are run based on interest please contact Chris Holcroft for more information: Email: [email protected] Areas Covered: Introduction to Fracture Analysis Page 113 of 116 SEPTEMBER 2012 SGT ANNUAL CONFERENCE 5-7 September University of Cambridge, UK www.cambridge2012.sgthome.co.u k or [email protected] 55TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON REFRACTORIES 19-20 September Bonn, Germany www.feuerfest-kolloquium.de SGIA ‘12 18-20 October Las Vegas, USA www.glassglobal.com SOLAR MEETS GLASS CONFERENCE 22-23 October Dusseldorf, Germany www.glassglobal.com GLASSTEC & SOLARPEQ 23-26 October Düsseldorf, Germany www.glasstec-online.com OCTOBER 2012 NOVEMBER 2012 73rd CONFERENCE ON GLASS PROBLEMS 1-3 October 2012 Cincinnati, Ohio, USA http://glassproblemsconference.org / XXVII ATIV Conference 15-16 November Parma, Italy www.glassglobal.com GLASS APPRECIATION COURSE By popular demand, a 2 day glass appreciation course is being run by Glass Technology Services. The course is designed to give delegates a broad understanding of glass as a material covering manufacture, properties, uses and environmental impacts. 2-3 October Sheffield Email: [email protected] 13th FORUM SOLARPRAXIS 22-23 November Berlin, Germany www.glassglobal.com DECEMBER 2012 International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics (Photonics 2012) 9–12 December Chennai, India Email: [email protected] MS&T’12: Materials Science & Technology Conference and Exhibition, Combined with ACerS 114th Annual Meeting 7-11 October, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Email: [email protected] Web: www.matscitech.org Page 114 of 116 2013 JUNE 2013 MARCH 2013 PACRIM 10 – 10TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF PACIFIC RIM CERAMIC SOCIEITIES 2–7 June San Diego, CA, USA [email protected] or www.pacrim10.org GPD INDIA 19-20 March Mumbai, India www.glassglobal.com GLASSPEX INDIA 2013 20-22 March Mumbai, India www.glassglobal.com MIR STEKLA (World of Glass) 2013 10-14 June Moscow, Russia www.glassglobal.com APRIL 2013 DECO 2013 13-15 April Louiseville, KY, USA www.glassglobal.com MAY 2013 GPD FINLAND 2013 13-17 June Tampere, Finland www.glassglobal.com GLASSMAN EUROPE 15-16 May Warsaw, Poland www.glassglobal.com FESPA 2013 25-29 June London, UK www.glassglobal.com GPD CHINA 2013 22-23 May Beijing, China www.glassglobal.com SEPTEMBER 2013 BRITISH GLASS CONFERENCE 23 May 2013 Radison Blu Hotel, Manchester, UK Programme available soon, to register your interest please email: [email protected] www.britglass.org.uk CHINA GLASS 2013 24-27 May Beijing, China www.glassglobal.com GULF GLASS 2013 3-5 September Dubai, UAE www.glassglobal.com OCTOBER 2013 SGIA 2013 Expo 23-25 October Orlando, USA www.glassglobal.com VITRUM 2013 23-26 October Milan, Italy www.glassglobal.com Page 115 of 116 NOVEMBER 2013 GlassPrint 2013 28-29 November Dusseldorf, Germany www.glassglobal.com Page 116 of 116