docCFLT Professional Plant Class B Handouts
download 
Report Transcription
CFLT Professional Plant Class B Handouts
___________________________________ Plants for Water Management Class B http://www.mwdh2o.com ___________________________________ __________________________________ Introduction This book includes descriptions and photos of the plants used in the California Friendly Landscape Training Plant Identification workshop. The plant species included in the class were selected with the help of landscape professionals, college professors, landscape architects, and UC Extension farm advisors. Although most are low water use plants, they do not only represent drought tolerant species. Since the majority of people who attend the workshop are professional landscape maintenance workers, it was intended to also include many of the common plants they encounter in their daily work. It is intended for use in the Southern California area serviced by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. What Information is on the Plant Sheets? Taxonomy - Both the botanical name and the common name of the plant is on the first line. The botanical family is listed under the botanical name. Size and Exposure - The height and spread information is based on unpruned plants. Zones - The planting zones are based on Southern California climates in areas serviced by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The following is a partial list of cites that lie in each zone in order to give an idea of the zone boundaries. Coastal Santa Monica Oceanside Irvine Coastal Valley San Fernando Escondido Vista Inland Valley Riverside Perris Ontario Water - Two sources are quoted for the water requirements of each plant. WUCOLS: A Guide to the Water Needs of Landscape Plants. This publication is available from the California Department of Water Resources and is included in the student’s handbook. Coastal as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Coastal (region 3) in WUCOLS. Inland Valley as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Inland Valleys and Foothills (region 4) in WUCOLS. Refer to page 68 in the manual for a complete description of the regions. *Sunset Western Garden Book (WGB). Water use guidelines for each plant as listed in the encyclopedia section. Acknowledgments *From Sunset Western Garden Book, copyright 1995, Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025. We wish to thank everyone who assisted us in the selection of the landscape plants used in this workshop. JoEllen Jacoby and Don Schultz - September 1998. 2 __________________________________ __________________________________ Table of Contents Page 4 …………………………………………………………… Presentation Slides Page 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 Scientific Name Leptospermum scoparium Limonium perezii . . . Malephora crocea . . Melaleuca nesophila . . Metrosideros excelsus . Myoporum laetum . . Myoporum 'Pacificum' . Myoporum parvifolium . Nerium oleander . . . Osteospermum fruticosum Phormium tenax . . . Pinus canariensis . . Pinus eldarica . . . Pittosporum tobira . . Quercus agrifolia . . . Quercus ilex . . . Rhaphiolepis indica . . Rhus integrifolia . . . Rhus laurina . . . Rosmarinus officinalis . Salvia greggii . . . Salvia leucantha . . Schinus molle . . . Tecomaria capensis . . Tristania conferta . . . Page 56 60 61 62 63 …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Name New Zealand Tea Tree Sea Lavender Ice Plant Pink Melaleuca New Zealand Christmas Tree Myoporum Myoporum Myoporum Oleander Trailing African Daisy New Zealand Flax Canary Island Pine Afghan Pine Mock Orange Coast Live Oak Holly Oak Indian Hawthorn Lemonade Berry Laurel Sumac Rosemary Autumn Sage Mexican Bush Sage California Pepper Cape Honeysuckle Brisbane Box Presentation Slides Site Microclimates Site Hydrozones Base Sheet Exercise Plant List – Water Use Plant Growth __________________________________ __________________________________ Presentation Slides Plants for Water Management ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Irrigation Scheduling and Water Use ___________________________________ • Plant Identification ___________________________________ • Microclimates ___________________________________ • Hydrozones ___________________________________ • Water Wise Landscaping ___________________________________ Irrigation Scheduling ___________________________________ • Weather ___________________________________ • Plant Factor ___________________________________ Type of Plants Weather Conditions ___________________________________ • Soils ___________________________________ • Irrigation System Performance ___________________________________ Type of Soil Type of Irrigation ___________________________________ Weather ___________________________________ • Reference ETo (Evapotranspiration) ___________________________________ • CIMIS weather stations ___________________________________ • General Climate Zones ___________________________________ • • • • Coastal Coastal Valley Interior Valley Desert ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ CIMIS Weather Station 4 __________________________________ __________________________________ Irrigation System Performance ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Precipitation rate ___________________________________ • (Application rate) ___________________________________ • Distribution Uniformity ___________________________________ • (Coverage) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Plant Factor ___________________________________ • Also known as Crop Coefficient ___________________________________ • Plant species ___________________________________ • Drought adaptability ___________________________________ • General categories ___________________________________ - Very low - Medium ___________________________________ - Low - High ___________________________________ Plant Factor (Crop Coefficient) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 0.5 0.4 ___________________________________ 0.3 0.2 ___________________________________ 0.1 0 ETo High Medium Low ___________________________________ 5 __________________________________ __________________________________ Leptospermum scoparium Myrtaceae Height 3 to 10 feet (depending on variety) New Zealand Tea Tree Spread 3 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun to part sun in inland valleys. Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: No water on coast, summer water inland. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Less than 1/2 inch long, narrow, green to brownish green. Flower: Showy 1/2 inch flowers, white, pink, or red, located along branches, spring. Maintenance Pest free. Light trimming only, avoid shearing. Susceptible to iron chlorosis. Comments Rather indistinct in landscape when not in bloom. Give space to allow for full height. Varieties Ruby Glow (6-10 feet, double dark red flowers). Snow White (2-4 feet, double white flowers). Keatleyi (6-10 feet, single pink flowers). 6 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 7 __________________________________ __________________________________ Limonium perezii Plumbaginaceae Height 1 to 2 feet Sea Lavender Spread 3 to 6 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Freezes at 25 degrees but recovers quickly. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Little water once established. Description Evergreen perennial. Leaf: Green, 6” to 12” long leaf with ruffled edge from base of plant. Flower: Purple with either purple or white center, on 2’ to 3’ stalks. Flowers are papery and clustered into large masses. Spring and summer bloom. Maintenance Requires good drainage. Avoid direct sun in hot inland areas. Comments When out of bloom, the plant is not attractive. Does well at the beach but can self-sow. 8 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 9 __________________________________ __________________________________ Malephora crocea Aizoaceae Height 6 inches Ice Plant Spread 11/2 to 2 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Needs no supplemental water once established. Description Succulent ground cover. Trailing. Leaf: Small gray-green, smooth, cylindrical. Flower: Orange-red, spring, intermittent throughout year. Maintenance Very hardy. Remove dead areas in late summer and replant. Comments Attracts bees. Good for erosion control on moderate slopes. 10 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 11 __________________________________ __________________________________ Melaleuca nesophila Myrtaceae Height 10 to 20 feet Pink Melaleuca Spread 8 to 18 Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water. Description Evergreen tree or large shrub. Leaf: Linear, 1” long. Slightly rounded, gray green, leathery. Flower: White to pink, 1” rounded brushes, most of the year. Bark: White spongy bark, peels off. Maintenance Grows naturally as tree, needs pruning to maintain shrub form. Comments If left unpruned, develops a picturesque spreading form with age. Well adapted to poor soils and hot climates. Also tolerates ocean winds and salt spray. 12 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 13 __________________________________ __________________________________ Metrosideros excelsus Myrtaceae Height 20 to 30 feet New Zealand Christmas Tree Spread 15 to 30 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Tolerates no water, or some water. Description Evergreen tree (with training) or large shrub. Rounded shape. Leaf: Smooth, glossy green in youth; Mature leaf is dark above with white wool underneath. Flower: Large, scarlet flowers, with many stamens, at ends of branches. May to July. Maintenance Naturally branches from the base. Requires staking and pruning to attain tree form. Can be clipped into a hedge. Comments Very tolerant of coastal conditions, including sand and salt spray. Established trees can survive without water on the coast and with little supplemental water inland. Will grow faster with regular water. 14 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 15 __________________________________ __________________________________ Myoporum laetum Myoporaceae Height 30 feet Myoporum Spread 20 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Needs frost protection (under 25 degrees) in inland valleys. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Needs some water. Description Evergreen tree (with training) or large shrub. Broad based. Leaf: Dark green with translucent dots. Flower: Small, white flower clusters, inconspicuous, summer. Fruit: Small purple berries. Maintenance Can be trained into small multi-trunk tree. Prune to avoid top heaviness. Year round leaf drop and invasive roots. Can be used as a groundcover by pegging branches down. Comments Very tolerant of coastal conditions, including sandy conditions. Can be used as a screen. Fruit and leaves are poisonous. 16 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 17 __________________________________ __________________________________ Myoporum ‘Pacificum’ Myoporaceae Height 2 to 3 feet Myoporum Spread 15 to 30 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Medium (inland valley). WGB: Little water once established. Description Evergreen shrub. Wide spreading. Leaf: 1” to 3” long, ½” wide, serrated, deep green leaves. Flower: Small white, along stem, summer. Maintenance Trim well away from trees and shrubs on a regular basis. Comments Grows fast. Does well along coast and in calcareous soils. Some plants infected with a virus that causes yellow leaf variegation. 18 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 19 __________________________________ __________________________________ Myoporum parvifolium Myoporaceae Height 3 inches Myoporum Spread 9 to 12 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Some summer water. Description Evergreen groundcover. Leaf: ½” to 1”, serrated, bright green leaves. Flower: Small white, summer and intermittent throughout the year. Maintenance May be short lived. Mice sometimes girdle branches. Comments Can die out in center. Branches root where stems touch moist soil. 20 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 21 __________________________________ __________________________________ Oleander Nerium oleander Apocynaceae Height 8 to 12 feet Petite varieties: 3 to 5 feet Spread 8 to 12 feet Petite varieties: 3 to 4 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water once established. Description Evergreen shrub or small tree (if trained). Rounded shape. Leaf: Narrow, 4 to 12 inches long, dark green. Flower: 2-3 inches wide, white, pink or red. Double varieties exist. May or June to October. Maintenance Susceptible to oleander scorch, yellow oleander aphid, scale, bacterial gall. Can be trained into small tree. Trees continue to produce sucker growth which requires regular removal. Plants recover quickly from severe pruning. Comments Very heat tolerant. All parts of plant are poisonous. Growth rate, leaf size, plant size, and overall shape varies by variety and flower color. Varieties ‘Sister Agnes’ (single, white flowers, to 20 feet) ‘Algiers’ (single, deep ed flowers, 10 to 12 feet) ‘Mrs. Roeding’ (double, salmon flowers, 6 to 8 feet) ‘Petite Pink’ (pink flower, 3 to 5 feet) 22 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 23 __________________________________ __________________________________ Osteospermum fruticosum Asteraceae Height 6 to 12 inches Trailing African Daisy Spread 4 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Moderate water. Description Evergreen subshrub. Wide spreading covered with flowers. Leaf: Narrow with a few large teeth, variable shape. Flower: Daisy like, lilac fading to white above, darker below, dark purple center. Blooms intermittently throughout year. Maintenance Tip pinch and lightly prune to encourage bushiness and bloom. Comments Grows fast by trailing branches. Excellent at seashore. May be used in hanging basket. 24 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 25 __________________________________ __________________________________ Phormium tenax Agavaceae Height 7 to 10 feet (See varieties below) New Zeland Flax Spread 6 to 9 feet Exposure Full sun, light shade Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Little to no water. Description Evergreen perennial. Leaf: Long blade, up to 9’ in length, and 5” wide. Flower: Red or yellow spikes above leaves, summer and fall. Maintenance Divide large clumps. Trim to ground to reduce height. Avoid heading back. Comments Grows into large shrub. Provide plenty of room Varieties ‘Atropurpureum’ (purple red leaf) ‘Rubrum’ (dark purple leaf) ‘Bronze’ (brownish red leaf) ‘Variegatum’ (green white stripes) Hybrids Hybrids listed below are smaller in size and susceptible to temperatures below 20 degrees. They need partial shade in hot inland areas and require moderate water. Bronze Baby (purple red) Sundowner (apricot, cream, green, bronze) Jack Spratt (very small, dark red brown) Tom Thumb (24”, red brown margins) Mori Queen (apricot, cream, green, bronze) 26 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 27 __________________________________ __________________________________ Pinus canariensis Pinaceae Height 60 to 80 feet Canary Island Pine Spread 30 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Aridity tolerant but needs water in Southern California. Description Evergreen tree. Pyramid shape in youth, round headed in old age. Leaf: 9” to 12” needles in bundles of 3. Blue-green. Cones: 4” to 9” Maintenance Stake young trees. Avoid excessive fertilization. Susceptible to several insects and diseases. Comments Tolerant of urban conditions. Does best in loose sandy soil. 28 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 29 __________________________________ __________________________________ Pinus eldarica Pinaceae Height 30 to 70 feet Afghan Pine Spread 20 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: (Information not available). Description Evergreen tree. Upright. Leaf: 5” to 6” needles in bundles of 2. Dark green. Cones: 3” oval to oblong. Maintenance Stake young trees. Avoid excessive fertilization. Comments Tolerant of both desert and coastal conditions. Thought to be related to P. brutia and P. halepensis. Accepts alkaline and poor soils. 30 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 31 __________________________________ __________________________________ Pittosporum tobira Pittosporaceae Height 6 to 15 feet Mock Orange Spread 6 to 15 feet Exposure Full sun to half shade Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Best with weekly watering. Description Leaf: 2” to 5” long with rounded end. Leathery, shiny dark green. Flower: Creamy white flower in clusters at ends of branch, spring. Fruit: Green fruit turns dark, opens to reveal orange seed. Maintenance Aphids may be a problem. Takes well to shearing or prune and thin to maintain good form. Comments Flowers smell like orange blossom. Good near pools. Can be trained as tree. Cultivars: ‘Variegata ‘ (gray green leaves with white edge) ‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’ (1’ to 2’ high, dense, compact growth habit) 32 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 33 __________________________________ __________________________________ Quercus agrifolia Fagaceae Height 20 to 60 feet Coast Live Oak Spread 30 to 70 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Do not water natives. Water planted ones. Description Broad evergreen tree, loses most leaves in early spring. Leaf: 1” to 3” cupped leaves glossy above, serrated (hollylike). Bark: Smooth gray. Flower: Small, creamy yellow, droops in clusters from the leaves. Maintenance Is susceptible to oak moth larvae. Greedy roots make planting underneath difficult. Leaf drop requires springtime attention. Young trees need staking and proper training. Comments Allow plenty of room for ultimate size. 34 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 35 __________________________________ __________________________________ Quercus ilex Fagaceae Height 40 to 50 feet Holly Oak Spread 40 to 50 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Do not water natives; Water planted ones. Description Broad evergreen tree. Leaf: 1 ½” to 3” long, ½” to 1” wide, serrate or entire, dark green above, yellow or silver below. Flower: Small, creamy white, droops in clusters from the leaves. Maintenance Can be sheared for a formal look. Comments Can be clipped as hedge. Tolerates ocean wind and salt. Accepts wide variety of soils. 36 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 37 __________________________________ __________________________________ Rhaphiolepis indica Rosaceae Height 4 to 5 feet India Hawthorn Spread 4 to 5 feet Exposure Full sun to part shade Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal), Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Accepts infrequent or lawn watering. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: 1½” to 3” long, pointed at end. Leathery, medium green. New growth bronzy red. Flower: ½” clusters, white tinged pink, mid winter to late spring. Fruit: Dark blue berry, after flowering. Maintenance Pinch back tips yearly to encourage bushiness. Avoid trimming after November for best flowering. Fungus may cause leaf spotting during wet winters. Aphids may be a problem in shade. Comments Many varieties available with varying size and flower color. Varieties ‘Ballerina ‘ (dark pink flower, 2’ to 3’ high, 4’ wide) ‘Clara’ (white flower, 3’ to 5’ high, reddish new growth) ‘Springtime’ (dark pink flower, upright growth to 4’ to 6’) 38 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 39 __________________________________ __________________________________ Rhus integrifolia Anacardiaceae Height 5 to12 feet Lemonade Berry Spread 5 to 12 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Little to no water. Description Broad evergreen shrub. Leaf: 2” to 4” long, oval with pungent oil when crushed, branchlets often tinged red. Flower: White in clusters, in spring. Fruit: Red berry, in clusters, flat with sour lemon coating. Maintenance Prone to verticillium wilt. Comments Can be trained against wall, or used as ground cover in areas with consistent ocean breeze. 40 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 41 __________________________________ __________________________________ Rhus laurina (Malosma laurina) Anacardiaceae Laurel Sumac Height 10 to15 feet Exposure Full sun Spread 10 to 15 feet Zones Coastal and coastal valley Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Little to no water. Description Large evergreen shrub or small rounded tree. Leaf: 2” to 4” long, oval with pungent oil when crushed, branchlets often tinged red. Flower: Small white in clusters, late spring to early summer. Fruit: White berry, attracts birds. Maintenance Tender to frost but recovers easily. Comments Highly flammable, do not use in fire prone areas. Deep rooted. 42 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 43 __________________________________ __________________________________ Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceae Height 2 to 6 feet Rosemary Spread 4 to 6 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water once established. Description Evergreen shrub or groundcover. Leaf: Small, narrow, glossy upper surface, grayish white below. Flower: Pale lavender blue, small clusters, spring and fall. Maintenance Too much water causes woodiness in center and promotes more upright growth. Pinch tip and prune lightly to control growth. Comments Very tolerant of heat and poor soil, but requires good drainage. Varieties ‘Tuscan Blue’ (rigid upright branches, violet blue flowers, leaves rich green) ‘Lockwood de Forest’ (lighter foliage and bluer flowers) ‘Prostratus’ (2’ tall with 4’ to 8’ spread) 44 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 45 __________________________________ __________________________________ Salvia greggii Lamiaceae Height 3 feet Autumn Sage Spread 3 feet Exposure Full sun to light shade Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: No water along coast, some water inland. Description Evergreen subshrub. Leaf: Small, linear, deep green. Flower: Small, red, tubular, spring and fall. Maintenance Prune back after spring bloom to control ranginess. Comments Attracts hummingbirds. Native to sandy washes. Varieties ‘Alba’ (white flower) ‘Sierra Linda’ (magenta flower) ‘Salmon’ (salmon flower) 46 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 47 __________________________________ __________________________________ Salvia leucantha Lamiaceae Height 3 to 4 feet Mexican Bush Sage Spread 3 to 4 feet Exposure Full sun to light shade Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Needs no irrigation once established. Description Evergreen shrub with arching form. Leaf: 2” to 2 1/2” long, gray green above, white below. Flower: Fuzzy purple bracts form spike with small white flowers, spring. Maintenance Remove old stems after spring bloom. Comments Purple and pink flowers available. Varieties ‘Midnight’ (purple flower) 48 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 49 __________________________________ __________________________________ Schinus molle Anacardiaceae Height 25 to 40 feet California Pepper Spread 25 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: No water once established. Description Evergreen tree, develops gnarled form with age. Heavy central branches with drooping branchlets. Leaf: Pinnate leaf comprised of many linear bright green leaflets. Bark: Rough, brown. Berry: Rose colored berries, fall and winter. Maintenance Aggressive roots. Drops litter. Remove suckers regularly. Susceptible to Peppertree psyllid. Comments Keep away from pavement, give plenty of space. Will produce heavy shade, discouraging other plants from growing beneath. 50 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 51 __________________________________ __________________________________ Tecomaria capensis Bignoniaceae Height 20 feet (with support as vine), 6 feet (with pruning as shrub) Cape Honeysuckle Spread 15 feet (vine), 4-5 feet (shrub) Exposure Full sun or partial shade Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Little water once established. Description Evergreen vine (with support) or erect shrub. Leaf: Shiny dark green, pinnate with serrated edges. Flower: Bright orange tubular flower in clusters, 2” long. October through February. Maintenance Requires heavy pruning to maintain as a shrub. Vine requires support. Comments May be used as groundcover. Tolerates heat, wind and salt air. Variety ‘Aurea’ (yellow flowers and lighter green leaves) 52 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 53 __________________________________ __________________________________ Tristania conferta Myrtaceae Height 30 to 60 feet Brisbane Box Spread 25 to 35 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal), Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water once established. Description Upright, evergreen tree, Leaves: 4” to 6” long leathery, bright green, clustered Bark: Rough, reddish brown, peels away. Smooth lighter colored bark beneath. Fruit: Resembles eucalyptus capsule. Maintenance May suffer from chlorosis, produces regular litter. Comments Variegated hybrid exists. 54 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 55 __________________________________ __________________________________ Presentation Slides Microclimate ___________________________________ • A unique climate specific to the location ___________________________________ determined by factors such as: • • • • • • ___________________________________ Drainage patterns Shade created by buildings Reflective surfaces (up to 50% hotter) Overhangs creating shade (up to 50% cooler) Fences or buildings that block wind Windy areas such as canyons and ridges ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Shade Patterns ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Morning and afternoon shade North One Story West ___________________________________ ___________________________________ East Two Story Building Morning shade South ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Afternoon shade ___________________________________ Hydrozoning ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Design process of zoning irrigation valves ___________________________________ (stations) so the plant material watered by ___________________________________ each valve has similar water requirement. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 56 __________________________________ __________________________________ Hydrozone Considerations ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Microclimate ___________________________________ • Unique to each situation ___________________________________ • Water Requirement ___________________________________ • Unique to plant species ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Water Requirement ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Total water required by plant ___________________________________ • (plant factor) ___________________________________ • Frequency of water needs ___________________________________ • Depth of water ___________________________________ • depth of roots ___________________________________ Slope Orientation ___________________________________ ___________________________________ South facing slope ___________________________________ North facing slope ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 57 __________________________________ __________________________________ Hydrozones and Microclimates ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Group plants with the same watering needs together ___________________________________ • Separate the irrigation valves by watering needs ___________________________________ • Schedule the irrigation to match the watering needs of ___________________________________ the hydrozone ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Site Evaluation ___________________________________ cool microclimate Average microclimate North side of building shady Building Sidewalk Reflective heat ___________________________________ Average micro-climate Prevailing Breeze Windy microclimate North facing slope ___________________________________ ___________________________________ W South facing slope Hot microclimate ___________________________________ N Parking Lot E ___________________________________ Emphasize entry (hot microclimate) S ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Moderate water use plants (zone 1) ___________________________________ Moderate water use (zone 3) ___________________________________ Low water use (zone 2) Building Sidewalk Very Low water use plants (zone 6) Very low water use (zone 7) Parking Lot Low water use (zone 4) Very low water use (zone 5) Hydrozones applied ___________________________________ Moderate water use (zone 8) ___________________________________ N W E ___________________________________ S ___________________________________ 58 __________________________________ __________________________________ Water Wise Landscaping ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Can be any style of garden ___________________________________ • Can be in any climate ___________________________________ • A landscape carefully designed to be ___________________________________ beautiful and use water wisely ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Water Wise Landscaping cont. ___________________________________ • Use grass sparingly ___________________________________ • Select plants that use low to moderate water for ___________________________________ the majority of the site ___________________________________ • Separate plants by hydrozones ___________________________________ • Use plants requiring more water as accents only ___________________________________ • Install the most efficient irrigation system ___________________________________ • Maintain the irrigation system Base Sheet Exercise ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • First, evaluate sites microclimates ___________________________________ • Second, evaluate sites hydrozones ___________________________________ • Third, select plants appropriate for each hydrozone ___________________________________ • Match plant water use for your hydrozone • Select plants that meet your water needs ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 59 __________________________________ __________________________________ 60 South facing slope Hot microclimate Parking Lot Sidewalk Building Reflective heat Average microclimate A verage m icro-clim ate (hot microclimate) Emphasize entry North side of building shady North facing slope cool microclimate W S N E __________________________________ Microclimates W indy m icroclim ate Prevailing B reeze __________________________________ 61 Very low water use (zone 7) Moderate water use (zone 3) L o w w a te r u se (z o n e 4 ) Moderate water use (zone 8) Parking Lot Sidewalk Building Very Low water use plants (zone 6) Low water use (zone 2) Moderate water use plants (zone 1) W S N E __________________________________ Hydrozones V e r y lo w w a te r u se (zo n e 5 ) __________________________________ Name:________________________ Base Sheet Exercise 1. Select plants from the list provided. 2. Use the microclimate and hydrozone information from the site maps. 3. List plant name, water use, and zone. Plants Water Use and Zone _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 62 __________________________________ __________________________________ Plant Name Acacia baileyana Acacia redolens Agonis flexuosa Aptenia 'Red Apple' Arbutus unedo Artemisia californica Baccharis species Bougainvillea species Callistemon citrinus Ceanothus 'Concha' Cistus purpureus Cotoneaster lacteus Delosperma alba Drosanthemum floribundum Echium fastuosum Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus sideroxylon Gazania species Geijera parviflora Grevillea 'Noellii' Heteromeles arbutifolia Lagerstroemia indica Lampranthus species Lantana camara Lantana montevidensis Leptospermum scoparium Limonium perezii Malephora crocea Melaleuca nesophila Metrosideros excelsus Myoporum laetum Myoporum 'Pacificum' Myoporum parvifolium Nerium oleander Osteospermum fruticosum Phormium tenax Pinus canariensis Pinus eldarica Pittosporum tobira Quercus agrifolia Quercus ilex Rhaphiolepis indica Rhus integrifolia Rhus laurina Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia greggii Salvia leucantha Schinus molle Tecomaria capensis Tristania conferta Water Use (coastal) Growth Habit Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Moderate Very Low Very Low Low Low Low Very Low Moderate Moderate Shrub, Tree Ground Cover Tree Ground Cover Shrub, Tree Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Shrub, Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Ground Cover Ground Cover Shrub Tree Tree Ground Cover Tree Shrub Shrub, Tree Tree Ground Cover Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Tree Shrub, Tree Ground Cover Ground Cover Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Shrub, Tree Shrub, Tree Ground Cover Shrub Shrub Tree Shrub Tree 63 __________________________________
