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Plants for Water Management - Metropolitan Water District of
__________________________________ Plants for Water Management Class A http://www.mwdh2o.com __________________________________ __________________________________ Introduction This book includes descriptions and photos of the plants used in the California Friendly Landscape Training Plant Identification workshop. The plant species included in the class were selected with the help of landscape professionals, college professors, landscape architects, and UC Extension farm advisors. Although most are low water use plants, they do not only represent drought tolerant species. Since the majority of people who attend the workshop are professional landscape maintenance workers, it was intended to also include many of the common plants they encounter in their daily work. It is intended for use in the Southern California area serviced by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. What Information is on the Plant Sheets? Taxonomy - Both the botanical name and the common name of the plant is on the first line. The botanical family is listed under the botanical name. Size and Exposure - The height and spread information is based on unpruned plants. Zones - The planting zones are based on Southern California climates in areas serviced by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The following is a partial list of cites that lie in each zone in order to give an idea of the zone boundaries. Coastal Santa Monica Oceanside Irvine Coastal Valley San Fernando Escondido Vista Inland Valley Riverside Perris Ontario Water - Two sources are quoted for the water requirements of each plant. WUCOLS: A Guide to the Water Needs of Landscape Plants. This publication is available from the California Department of Water Resources and is included in the student’s handbook. Coastal as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Coastal (region 3) in WUCOLS. Inland Valley as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Inland Valleys and Foothills (region 4) in WUCOLS. Refer to page 68 in the manual for a complete description of the regions. *Sunset Western Garden Book (WGB). Water use guidelines for each plant as listed in the encyclopedia section. Acknowledgments *From Sunset Western Garden Book, copyright 1995, Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025. We wish to thank everyone who assisted us in the selection of the landscape plants used in this workshop. JoEllen Jacoby and Don Schultz - September 1998. 2 __________________________________ __________________________________ Table of Contents Page 5 …………………………………………………………… Presentation Slides 9 …………………………………………………………… Leaf Exercise 10 …………………………………………………………… Leaf Images Page 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 Scientific Name Acacia baileyana . . . Acacia redolens . . . Agonis flexuosa . . . Aptenia 'Red Apple' . . Arbutus unedo . . . Artemisia californica . . Baccharis species . . Bougainvillea species . Callistemon citrinus . . Ceanothus 'Concha' . . Cistus purpureus . . . Cotoneaster lacteus . . Delosperma alba . . . Drosanthemum floribundum Echium fastuosum . . Eucalyptus citriodora . . Eucalyptus sideroxylon . Gazania species . . . Geijera parviflora . . . Grevillea 'Noellii' . . . Heteromeles arbutifolia . Lagerstroemia indica . . Lampranthus spectabilis . Lantana camara . . . Lantana montevidensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Name Bailey Acacia Acacia redolens Peppermint Tree Red Apple Strawbery Tree Calfornia Sagebrush Coyote Brush Bougainvillea Lemon Bottlebrush Wild Lilac Orchid Rockrose Parney Cotoneaster White Trailing Ice Plant Rosea Ice Plant Pride of Madeira Lemon Scented Gum Red Ironbark Gazania Australian Willow Grevillea Noellii Toyon Crape Myrtle Trailing Ice Plant Lantana Trailing Lantana Page 61 …………………………………………………………… Plant List – Water Use Plant Growth 3 __________________________________ __________________________________ Presentation Slides Plants for Water Management ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Plant Transpiration ___________________________________ • (Water Uptake) ___________________________________ • Plant Identification ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Plant Transpiration ___________________________________ • Water enters plant through roots ___________________________________ • Moves through plant and out leaves ___________________________________ • Exits plant through stomata (pores) ___________________________________ • Water is necessary for ___________________________________ ___________________________________ photosynthesis ___________________________________ • Transpiration helps to cool plant Drought Resistance ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Some plants resist transpiration ___________________________________ • Some plants resist ___________________________________ desiccation ___________________________________ • Some plants go dormant ___________________________________ during dry periods ___________________________________ 4 __________________________________ __________________________________ Drought Resistance ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Specialized leaf structures • • • • ___________________________________ Waxy leaf surface Thick leathery leaf structure Hairy leaf surface Leaf size (fewer stomata) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Plant Water Use Influences SOIL ___________________________________ ___________________________________ AGE ___________________________________ PLANT TYPE IRRIGATION HISTORY DROUGHT RESISTANCE ___________________________________ CLIMATE ___________________________________ ___________________________________ WATER REQUIREMENT ___________________________________ Plant Identification ___________________________________ • Family - Genus - Species ___________________________________ • Flower Characteristics ___________________________________ • Leaf Characteristics ___________________________________ • Other Characteristics ___________________________________ • Overall shape • Bark color and texture • Scent of bark and leaves ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 5 __________________________________ __________________________________ Flower Characteristics ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Stigma Pistil Anther ___________________________________ Style Filament ___________________________________ Petal Ovary ___________________________________ Sepal Pedicel ___________________________________ Leaf Characteristics ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Shape • Color • Margin • Aroma ___________________________________ • Arrangement on the stem • Texture ___________________________________ • Simple or Compound • Glossiness ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Veination Leaf Shapes ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Elliptical ___________________________________ Linear ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Delta ___________________________________ Wedge ___________________________________ 6 __________________________________ __________________________________ Leaf Margins ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Wavy (Sinuate) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Entire Serrate ___________________________________ Simple or Compound Leaves ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Compound (Pinnate) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Simple Compound (Palmate) ___________________________________ Other Characteristics ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Bark texture and color ___________________________________ • Branching habit ___________________________________ • Overall shape ___________________________________ • Height and width ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 7 __________________________________ __________________________________ Name: LEAF IDENTIFICATION EXERCISE PROCEDURE: Inspect the 4 leaf images (A, B, C, D). Match the leaf descriptions below with each of the 4 images and fill in the plant name at the bottom of this page. Pittosporum tobira - Simple, wedge-shaped, entire. Schinus molle - Pinnately compound, leaflets linear, entire. Rhaphiolepis indica - Simple, elliptical, serrate. Geijera parviflora - Simple, linear, entire. A. B. C. D. 8 __________________________________ __________________________________ 9 __________________________________ __________________________________ Acacia baileyana Fabaceae Height 20 to 30 feet Bailey Acacia Spread 20 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: No water on coast, some inland. Description Small to medium evergreen tree. Leaf: Bipinnately compound, feathery, small, blue-gray. Flower: Yellow, profuse, in round clusters; winter to early spring. Seed pod: Light brown pea-like pod, 6 inches long. Maintenance Pest free. Can be trained into a large shrub, or single or multi-trunked tree. Prune after blooming to improve shape and extend life. Comments Fast growing, reaches maximum height within 7 years. Short-lived, 15 to 20 years, some plants showing dieback at 10 years. May produce many volunteers from seed on coastal areas. Excellent slope tree. 10 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 11 __________________________________ __________________________________ Acacia redolens Fabaceae Height 3 to 8 feet Acacia redolens Spread 15 to 25 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: No water on coast, some inland. Description Large evergreen ground cover or medium shrub. Leaf: 2 to 4 inch long, linear, leathery, green phylodes (not true leaves). Flower: Yellow, round clusters, early spring. Maintenance Pest free. Difficult to create an aestheticcally pleasing look when it must be pruned at edge of planter. Plant well away from planter border to prevent edge control problems. Planting too close together or pruning to control spread creates higher growth pattern. Once established, does not require supplemental watering except in hotter climates. Comments Great ground cover for large slopes. Wide, spreading growth habit makes it inadequate for small areas. Tolerates all soil types, including rocky shallow soils. 12 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 13 __________________________________ __________________________________ Agonis flexuosa Myrtaceae Height 25 to 35 feet Peppermint Tree Spread 25 to 35 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Needs frost protection (under 27 degrees) in inland valleys. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Requires very little water. Description Small to medium evergreen tree. Leaf: Linear, 6 inches long, glossy. Smells like peppermint when crushed. Flower: Small, white, in spring to early summer. Bark: Characteristic, coarse, flaky, red to brown. Maintenance Relatively pest free. Very little pruning required once structure is developed. Comments Performs better in coastal areas. Slow to medium growth rate, takes several years to develop good size. Tolerates many soil types, including calcareous soils. Will need heat and frost protection in inland valley climates. Will recover from stump after frost damage. 14 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 15 __________________________________ __________________________________ Aptenia ‘Red Apple’ Aizoaceae Height 6 to 12 inches Red Apple Spread 2 to 3 feet Exposure Full sun or part shade. Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Very little water. Description Evergreen ground cover. Leaf: 1/2 to 1 inch long, oval, bright green, fleshy. Flower: 1 inch wide, red, spring to summer. Maintenance Pest free. Needs regular supply of nitrogen fertilizers to maintain green color. Susceptible to iron chlorosis. Comments Roots easily from cuttings. Can be invasive. 16 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 17 __________________________________ __________________________________ Arbutus unedo Eriaceae Height 10 to 30 feet Strawberry Tree Spread 10 to 30 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Takes from little to regular watering. Description Small tree or large shrub. Leaf: 2 to 3 inches, dark shiny green, oval, serrate margin. Flower: Small white, pink, or light green, urn-shaped, in small terminal clusters. Fruit: 3/4 inch, round, yellow to red, winter. Maintenance Can be trained into a large shrub, or single or multi-trunked tree. Plants trained into trees require plenty of care when young. Comments Slow growing, takes time to become distinctive specimen tree. One of the best small patio trees. Grows well in coastal and inland valleys. 18 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 19 __________________________________ __________________________________ Atemisia californica Asteraceae Height 1 ½ to 5 feet California Sagebrush Spread 6 to 12 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: In borders, best with a little water. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Silvery green, finely divided, pungent odor. Flower: Inconspicuous. Maintenance Divide when overcrowded. Comments Will lose leaves in extreme cold. Can tolerate no water once established. Only the cultivars are used in ornamental landscapes. Cultivars ‘Canyon Grey’ (1 ½’ high and up to 12’ wide) ‘Montara. ( 1’-2’ high and 5’ wide) 20 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 21 __________________________________ __________________________________ Baccharis species Asteraceae Height 1 to 3 feet (depending on species) Coyote Brush Spread 5 to 9 feet (depending on species) Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Water needs vary by climate. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Bright green, ½”, Some serration. Leaves are on green stems. Flower: Insignificant, summer. Fruit: Female plants have cottony seeds that blow in the wind. Most nursery plants are male plants. Maintenance Trim in early spring followed by fertilization. Remove old stems periodically to rejuvenate. Comments Needs no water along coast. Monthly watering elsewhere. Appears to be a billowy mat on slopes. Species & Cultivars B. ‘Centennial’ (narrow leaves, 5’ wide and 3’ high, very low water use) B. pilularis ‘Twin Peaks’ (oval, serrated, dark green leaves, 6’ wide and 1’ to 2’ high) B. pilularis ‘Pigeon Point’ (larger, lighter green leaves, 9’ wide and 2’ to 3’ high) 22 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 23 __________________________________ __________________________________ Bouganvillea species Nyctaginaceae Height 10 to 25 feet Bougainvillea Spread 8 to 15 feet Exposure Full sun (light shade in hotter areas) Zones Coastal and coastal valley. Needs cold protection in San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little water once established Description Evergreen vine Leaf: Thin, light green, roundish ovate, 1 to 2 inches Flower: White, red, pink, or purple (depending on variety). Flowers are indistinct, color comes from showy flower bracts. Comments Flower drop can be a messy problem on hardscape. Maintenance Thin out when young, avoid heavy pruning when mature. Susceptible to chlorosis. Varieties Crimson Jewel (red, sprawling growth), La Jolla (red, compact shrub growth), Raspberry Ice (magenta, variegated leaf), Rosenka (gold, spreading growth), Barbara Karst (bright red, vigorous), Jamaica White (white, medium growth), California Gold (gold, medium growth), Orange King (bronze, open growth, no cold) 24 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 25 __________________________________ __________________________________ Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae Height 10 to 25 feet Lemon Bottlebrush Spread 10 to 15 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Needs little water. Description Evergreen shrub or small tree (if trained). Leaf: Linear, 3 inches long, vivid green, copper-colored new growth. Flower: Red, 4-5 inches long, linear brushes. Spring and intermittently the remainder of the year. Fruit capsule: Woody seed capsules grouped along branches, with new leaf growth continuing along the branch. Maintenance Relatively pest free. (Aphids are occasional problem). Thin out when young, avoid heavy pruning when mature. Can be trained into small tree. Susceptible to chlorosis. Comments Flower drop can be a messy problem on hardscape. Flowers attract hummingbirds and bees. 26 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 27 __________________________________ __________________________________ Ceanothus ‘Concha’ Rhamnaceae Height 5 to 7 feet Wild Lilac Spread 6 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: No water near coast, some inland. This variety tolerates summer water. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: 1 inches long, oval, dark glossy green, wrinkled. Flower: 1 inch long clusters of small dark blue flowers, very showy, mid-spring. Maintenance Susceptible to root rot, avoid constant surface moisture in summer. Aphids and whiteflies are occasional problems. Comments Prefers well drained soils but this variety tolerates heavy soils better than others. Gives good green color and showy flower display to drought tolerant slopes. Relatively short lived. 28 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 29 __________________________________ __________________________________ Cistus purpureus Cistaceae Height 4 feet Orchid Rockrose Spread 4 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water once established. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Dark green above, gray with hair below. 1” to 2” long with wrinkled texture. Flower: Purple with red spot at base of petal and yellow center. 3” wide, late spring. 30 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 31 __________________________________ __________________________________ Cotoneaster lacteus Rosaceae Height 8 to 10 feet Parney Cotoneaster Spread 10 to 12 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water once established. Description Large evergreen shrub. Leaf: 1 to 2 inches long, oval, dull green on top, white below. Flower: 1/4 inch white flowers in small clusters in spring. Fruit: 1/4 inch, bright shiny red, round, in small clusters, summer to winter. Maintenance Pest free. Prune old branches to base to reveal arching growth habit. Avoid shearing to maintain distinctive character. Comments Excellent large shrub for slopes. Tolerates poor soils and aridity. 32 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 33 __________________________________ __________________________________ Delosperma alba Aizoaceae Height 6 to 12 inches White Training Ice Plant Spread 2 to 3 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: No water near coast, some water inland. Description Evergreen ground cover. Leaf: Fleshy, triangular cross section, narrow, to 3 inches long. Flower: White, 3/4 inch, daisy-like, heaviest bloom in late spring. Flowers attract bees. Comments Easily propagated in field from cuttings. Good slope cover plant. Does not develop thick undergrowth like Drosanthemum and Lampranthus. Maintenance Susceptible to Phytophthora root rot. Do not keep soil constantly wet. Somewhat invasive. 34 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 35 __________________________________ __________________________________ Drosanthemum floribundum Aizoaceae Height 6 inches Rosea Ice Plant Spread 5 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no water, especially near coast. Description Evergreen ground cover. Leaf: Fleshy, small (to 1 inch long). Flower: Pale pink, 3/4 inch, daisy-like, late spring (last only a few weeks). Flowers attract bees. Comments Good ice plant for steep slopes. Will drape for several feet over rocks or walls. Maintenance Susceptible to stem rot. Do not keep soil constantly wet. 36 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 37 __________________________________ __________________________________ Echium fastuosum Boraginaceae Height 3 to 8 feet Pride of Madeira Spread 3 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little water at coast, moderate inland. Description Shrubby perennial. Leaf: Soft, hairy, gray-green, linear, to 4 inches long. Flower: Blue to purple, 1/2 inch, in long dramatic clusters, April to June. Maintenance Pest free. If left unpruned, will become large and rangy. Best to trim lightly after blooming. Comments Grows best in coastal areas where it needs little or no irrigation. Needs more water and heat and cold protection inland. Will sometimes naturalize (voluntarily reproduce from seed). 38 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 39 __________________________________ __________________________________ Eucalyptus citriodora Myrtaceae Height 75 to 100 feet Lemon Scented Gum Spread 25 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley (may suffer frost damage). Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Supremely tolerant of aridity. Description Large evergreen tree. Leaf: 3 to 7 inch long, narrow, golden green, lemon scented when crushed Flower: White, indistinct. Bark: Light red to pink bark peals in spring to early summer to reveal smooth, white, distinct trunk. Comments Large and elegant. Needs plenty of space to allow for large growth. Maintenance Pest free. Needs staking when young. Head back when young to strengthen. Thin out occasionally as tree grows. Will tolerate wet conditions without chlorosis. 40 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 41 __________________________________ __________________________________ Eucalyptus sideroxylon Myrtaceae Height 30 to 75 feet Red Ironbark Spread 20 to 40 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Supremely tolerant of aridity. Description Evergreen tree. Leaf: 4 to 6 inch long, narrow, pointed, leathery, green to gray-green. Flower: Light pink to deep pink in winter to spring. Bark: Furrowed, dark reddish-brown to almost black. Maintenance Pest free. Prone to chlorosis in wet soil. Tolerates poor, shallow, rocky, and clay soils. Needs careful staking and pruning when young. Comments Individuals vary in size and shape. Fast grower. Important to select well formed tree from nursery. 42 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 43 __________________________________ __________________________________ Gazania species Asteraceae Gazania Height 6 to 12 inches Spread 12 to 18 inches Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Occasional dry-season watering. Description Perennial ground cover or accent plant. Leaf: Linear, 2 to 6 inch long, glossy green above, gray below, sometimes lobed. Flower: Yellow, orange, white, or multi-colored (depending on variety), 3 to 4 inches wide, on long stems, spring to early summer (intermittent the rest of the year, more on coast). Maintenance Pest free. Clear out dead plants in late summer and replace as needed. Comments Short lived. Clumping growth habit does not spread by runners. Use for ground cover on flat areas or gentle slopes; or use as accent perrenial. Varieties Clumping: ‘Sundance’ (5 inch striped flower), ‘Copper King’ (large, multi-colored flower), ‘Gold Rush’ (pure orange flowers), ‘Fiesta Red’ (dark orange flower). Trailing: Trailing Yellow (yellow flowers, gray foliage), ‘Sunburst’ (orange with black center), ‘Mitsuwa Yellow’ (green foliage), ‘Mitsuwa Orange’ (green foliage). 44 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 45 __________________________________ __________________________________ Geijera parviflora Rutaceae Height 20 to 35 feet Australian Willow Spread 20 to 30 feet Exposure: Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Medium (inland valley). WGB: No supplemental watering. Tolerates some aridity. Summer watering speeds growth Description Evergreen Tree. Leaf: Linear, medium-glossy green, 4 to 6 inch long, hanging from branches in weeping effect. Flower: Small, white, in non-showy clusters, fall to winter (sporadic through spring). Maintenance Pest free. Give regular summer irrigation when young to speed growth. In deep soils it will tolerate long periods of drought once established. Prune out lower branches once tree shape begins to form. After a few years needs only light pruning to remove dead or crossing branches. Comments Good in cool or hot climates. Grows fast from narrow small plant to nice rounded small tree. 46 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 47 __________________________________ __________________________________ Grevillea ‘Noelii’ Proteaceae Height 4 to 6 feet Grevillea Noellii Spread 6 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Benefits from some water in the dry season. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Linear, 1” long, needlelike. Glossy green. Flower: Pink and white, distinctive, early spring. Maintenance Avoid overpruning, will not quickly recover. Susceptible to chlorosis in alkaline soils. Comments Does best in well drained soils. Tolerates coastal areas as well as hot inland climates. Attracts hummingbirds. 48 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 49 __________________________________ __________________________________ Heteromeles arbutifolia Rosaceae Height 10 to 20 feet Toyon Spread 8 to 20 feet Exposure: Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Tolerates aridity. Looks better if watered. Description Evergreen shrub or small tree. Leaf: Oval, serrate margin, 3 to 4 inches long, dark glossy green, leathery. Flower: Small, white, in non-showy clusters, late spring to summer. Fruit: Small, round, bright red, in showy clusters from late fall to February. Maintenance Pest free. Protect from wind when necessary. Can be trimmed to display multiple trunks. Annual light pruning can help to produce more fruiting wood. Comments Great for revegetation projects on slopes or open areas. Fruit attracts birds in winter. 50 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 51 __________________________________ __________________________________ Lagerstroemia indica Lythraceae Height 15 to 25 feet Crape Myrtle Spread 10 to 20 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley (not dependable near coast). Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley). WGB: Infrequent, deep watering. Description Deciduous small tree or shrub. Leaf: 1 to 2 inches, glossy green, oval. Flower: 1-1/2 inch wide, crape-like, in 6 to 12 inch long clusters at branch terminals, July to September. Trunk:: Distinctive. Light brown bark peals to show pinkish trunk. Maintenance Aphids sometimes cause problem. Powdery mildew can be substantial at coastal areas. Can be trained into a large shrub, or single or multi-trunked tree. Prune when dormant to produce more flowering wood. Prone to leaf burn when salts are high. Leach occasionally Comments Slow growing. One the best small trees for hot interior climates. Does not produce many flowers on the coast. 52 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 53 __________________________________ __________________________________ Lampranthus spectabilis Aizoaceae Height 8 to 12 inches Trailing Ice Plant Spread 1 to 2 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Little or no summer water. Description Evergreen ground cover. Leaf: Fleshy, gray-green, 1 to 2 inches long, not as dense as Drosanthemum. Flower: Vibrant, pink, red, or purple; 2 inches across, March to May. Comments Good as accent plant or ground cover in small area. Brilliant color display while blooming. Need well drained soils. Maintenance Pest free. Replant dead areas in early fall as needed. 54 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 55 __________________________________ __________________________________ Lantana camara Verbenaceae Height 2 to 6 feet Lantana Spread 3 to 8 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Infrequent, deep watering. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Dark green with heavy texture. Coarse serration. Flower: 1” to 1 ½” wide clusters (see colors below) year round. Maintenance Feed lightly. Avoid overwatering. Requires heavy pruning in spring to prevent woodiness. Will develop mildew in shade. Comments Lantanas come in many colors and shapes and provide year round color. Cultivars ‘Confetti’ (yellow, pink and purple flower, 2’ to 3’ high, 6’ to 8’ wide) ‘Dwarf Yellow’ (yellow flower, 2’ to 4’ high, 2’ to 4’ wide) ‘Radiation’ (orange red flower, 3’ to 5’ high, 3’ to 5’ wide) ‘Lavender Swirl’ (lavender and white flowers, 1 ½’ to 2’ high, 6’ to 8’ wide) 56 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 57 __________________________________ __________________________________ Lantana montevidensis Verbenaceae Height 1 to 2 feet Trailing Lantana Spread 3 to 6 feet Exposure Full sun Zones Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley. Water WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley). WGB: Infrequent, deep watering. Description Evergreen shrub. Leaf: Dark green with heavy texture. 1” with coarse serration. Sometimes reddish. Flower: 1” to 1 ½” wide clusters, lilac, year round. Maintenance Feed lightly. Avoid overwatering. Requires heavy pruning in spring to prevent woodiness. Will develop mildew in shade. Comments Lantana montevidensis also has a white form. Does well in hanging baskets or on slopes. 58 __________________________________ __________________________________ Notes: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 59 __________________________________ __________________________________ Plant Name Acacia baileyana Acacia redolens Agonis flexuosa Aptenia 'Red Apple' Arbutus unedo Artemisia californica Baccharis species Bougainvillea species Callistemon citrinus Ceanothus 'Concha' Cistus purpureus Cotoneaster lacteus Delosperma alba Drosanthemum floribundum Echium fastuosum Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus sideroxylon Gazania species Geijera parviflora Grevillea 'Noellii' Heteromeles arbutifolia Lagerstroemia indica Lampranthus species Lantana camara Lantana montevidensis Leptospermum scoparium Limonium perezii Malephora crocea Melaleuca nesophila Metrosideros excelsus Myoporum laetum Myoporum 'Pacificum' Myoporum parvifolium Nerium oleander Osteospermum fruticosum Phormium tenax Pinus canariensis Pinus eldarica Pittosporum tobira Quercus agrifolia Quercus ilex Rhaphiolepis indica Rhus integrifolia Rhus laurina Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia greggii Salvia leucantha Schinus molle Tecomaria capensis Tristania conferta Water Use (coastal) Growth Habit Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Moderate Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Low Low Moderate Very Low Very Low Low Low Low Very Low Moderate Moderate Shrub, Tree Ground Cover Tree Ground Cover Shrub, Tree Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Shrub, Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Ground Cover Ground Cover Shrub Tree Tree Ground Cover Tree Shrub Shrub, Tree Tree Ground Cover Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Tree Shrub, Tree Ground Cover Ground Cover Shrub Ground Cover Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Shrub, Tree Shrub, Tree Ground Cover Shrub Shrub Tree Shrub Tree 60 __________________________________
