A World Imagined New - University of Michigan School of Public

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
S C H O O L O F P U B L I C H E A LT H
Findings
VOLUME 17, NUMBER 1
■
FALL/WINTER 2001
FEATURE ARTICLE
10
DEPARTMENTS
LETTER FROM
THE ACTING DEAN
2
FROM OUR READERS
3
OBSERVATORY NEWS
4
RESEARCH UPDATE
26
A World
Imagined New
The sequencing of the human genome has launched
a new era of science—with unprecedented implications
for our health and well-being. More than ever, public health
has a vast and vital role to play.
FUTURE
Findings
26 Hector Gonzalez The Health of Older
Mexican Americans
31 Harold Pollack Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
NEW & NOTEWORTHY
30
34 Srimathi Kannan Plant-Based Foods and
Disease Prevention
36 Sharon Sun New Tools for
ALUMNI NETWORK
32
Understanding Cancer
40 Marc Zimmerman Youth Violence:
COVER ILLUSTRATION: ROB DAY
Risks and Resiliency
A Letter from the
Acting Dean
Findings
University of Michigan
School of Public Health
DEAN
This issue of Findings was going to
press when the terrible events of
September 11 took place. Like the
rest of the nation, School of Public
Health faculty, students, and staff
were deeply shaken by the attacks,
and we join the world in mourning
the tragic loss of life in New York,
Washington, and Pennsylvania. While
speculation abounds as
to the people, groups, or
nations responsible for the
attacks, I know that all of
us at the school, from all
racial, ethnic, and national
backgrounds, are united in
condemning these acts and
helping our nation respond to their
consequences.
An emergency of this proportion
underscores the significance of the
profession we have chosen. Despite
the tragedy of the events that took
place on September 11, this was one
of those moments that brought us
closer as a public health community.
In the first days after the attacks,
members of the SPH community
donated blood, lit candles, organized
fundraising drives to benefit victims
of the attacks, sponsored symposia
to further the public’s understanding
of the crisis, and contributed to
Michigan’s anti-bioterrorism plans.
Two of our graduates from the
Department of Environmental Health
Sciences participated directly in the
recovery efforts at the Trade Center
site by providing expertise on asbestos.
I am confident that in the months
ahead, members of the SPH community worldwide will continue to
respond to the catastrophe in a
similarly productive and communal
fashion.
My confidence stems, in particular,
from the perspective I’ve gained in
the past seven months as acting dean
of the school while Noreen Clark
took an administrative leave. During
that time I have come to appreciate
as never before the vast talents and
energy of the people who comprise
the SPH community. The unparalleled breadth of scholarship in this
school reflects the richness and diversity of public health itself. Not only
are our faculty members exceptional
scholars, but many are true citizens
who give generously of their time and
energy to the community at large—as
evidenced by their response to the
events of this past September.
I will always value the experience
I’ve had as acting dean, above all
because it gave me a newfound
appreciation for the place where I’ve
worked for 12 years. As I prepare to
turn the reins of the school back to
Dean Clark on her return to Ann
Arbor this fall, I do so with renewed
faith in the strengths of the school, in
its leadership, and in our capacity as a
community to face the extraordinary
challenges that lie ahead.
As always, this issue brings greetings and best wishes from your public
health colleagues in Ann Arbor.
Sincerely,
Jeffrey A. Alexander
Acting Dean
Noreen M. Clark
ACTING DEAN
Jeffrey Alexander
DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT
A N D E X T E R N A L R E L AT I O N S
Terri Weinstein Mellow
EDITOR
Leslie Stainton
D E S I G N A N D L AY O U T
Savitski Design, Ann Arbor, Michigan
C O V E R I L L U S T R AT I O N
Rob Day
Findings is published twice each year by
the University of Michigan School of Public
Health alumni, staff, and friends. Others
may order copies from the editor. Articles
that appear in Findings may be reprinted
by obtaining the editor’s permission. Send
correspondence to Editor, Findings, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan,
Room 3508, 109 S. Observatory, Ann Arbor,
MI 48109-2029, or phone 734.936.1246, or
send e-mail to [email protected]
© 2001,
Printed on recycled paper
The Regents of the University of Michigan:
David A. Brandon, Ann Arbor; Laurence B.
Deitch, Bingham Farms; Daniel D. Horning,
Grand Haven; Olivia P. Maynard, Flint; Rebecca
McGowan, Ann Arbor; Andrea Fischer Newman,
Ann Arbor; S. Martin Taylor, Grosse Pointe Farms;
Katherine E. White, Ann Arbor; Lee C. Bollinger
(ex officio).
The University of Michigan, as an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, complies with all
applicable federal and state laws regarding nondiscrimination and affirmative action, including
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
The University of Michigan is committed to a policy of non-discrimination and equal opportunity for
all persons regardless of race, sex, color, religion,
creed, national origin or ancestry, age, marital status,
sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam-era veteran
status in employment, educational programs and
activities, and admissions. Inquiries or complaints
may be addressed to the University’s Director of
Affirmative Action and Title IX/Section 504
Coordinator, 4005 Wolverine Tower, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109-1281, 734.763.0235, TDD
734.747.1388. For other University of Michigan
information call 734.764.1817.
U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N S C H O O L O F P U B L I C H E A LT H
3
From Our Readers
“The key to quality is love.” Avedis Donabedian
I was very moved by the beautiful
poem by Avedis Donabedian,
“Autumn and After,” and the excellent article on health care quality
(spring/summer 2001 Findings), in
which Professor Leon Wyszewianski
said, “Some of our doctoral students
made a pilgrimage to Donabedian’s
home … and they asked him, ‘What
is quality?’ And he said, ‘The key to
quality is love.’ ” I had the privilege
of studying under both Professors
Donabedian and Wyszewianski in the
On Job/On Campus program, and I’d
like to comment on what I believe
Donabedian saw about love as the
foundation of quality.
In my extensive experience over
many years as a medical executive
with a deep interest in the quality of
medical care, an interest that was
stimulated by my SPH studies, I have
come to the conclusion that the
foundation of quality is the state of
mind, presence, or awareness of the
practitioner. All of the quality
improvement efforts in the world
come to naught without that foundation. When practitioners are at their
best, present in the moment, with a
high level of awareness, they are in
touch with a transcendent dimension
of thought which encompasses everything that they need to know, and
they are able to make the most highly
efficacious and cost-effective decisions specific to the individual situation at hand. As Donabedian implies,
they are in and acting out of an
innate state of impersonal love, from
which all wisdom and appropriate
solutions arise effortlessly. They are
also able to listen deeply to the
patient, family, and other members
of the medical team, and respond
effectively with care and compassion.
SPRING/SUMMER 2001
If, on the other hand, practitioners
are distracted by personal thinking,
they lose touch with their innate
wisdom in the moment, and medical
errors and ineffective use of
resources can be a result, as well as
gaps in listening and a lack of connection in relationships. Both professional and patient satisfaction find
their roots in the level of awareness
of the health care provider.
As Donabedian clearly saw, the
most important focus of any quality
initiative has to be to awaken the
presence or consciousness of the
individual practitioner, or awaken
impersonal love as a state of mind,
so to speak. With love as the basis,
the right action will follow easily.
Without love as the basis, no right
action is possible, and the action
taken is effortful and less than productive. High quality, in all of its
parameters, follows love as night
after day, effortlessly.
Marsha Milburn Madigan, MD,
MPH ’86
Chair, Michigan State Medical
Society Task Force on Personal
and Professional Satisfaction
Students
seeking
internships
need you!
You’ve “been there.”
Our students are seeking
internships and job opportunities.
They can make a difference
in your organization.
If you have opportunities, please
contact the Office of Career
Services at 734.764.5425 or
e-mail [email protected].
Observatory News
SPH Alum John Henshaw
Named to Top OSHA Post
T
he U. S. Senate has approved
the nomination of School of
Public Health alumnus John
Henshaw, MPH ’74, as Assistant
Secretary of Labor for Occupational
Safety and Health (OSHA).
Henshaw was previously
the director of environment, safety, and health
for Astaris, LLC, in St.
Louis, Missouri, which
makes phosphorus
H E N S H AW
chemicals, phosphoric
acid, and phosphate salt. Previously,
he served as director of environment,
safety and health for Solutia, Inc.
In a statement prior to his August
confirmation hearing before the
Senate Health, Education, Labor, and
Pensions Committee, Henshaw said
enforcement alone cannot reach the
nearly seven million work sites in the
United States. More must be done
through partnerships with companies
and voluntary programs to prevent
workplace accidents and illnesses.
“OSHA must use all the tools in
its tool bag,” Henshaw said. “The
hammer must always be in our bag
and used where necessary. But like
a good craftsman, we must know
how to use all our tools and to pick
the right tool for the job.”
From 1990 to 1991, Henshaw
was president of the American
Industrial Hygiene Association,
which backed his appointment
as OSHA director. In a letter to
Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao, the
current president of AIHA described
Henshaw as “firmly committed to the
proposition that OSHA can serve
both the objectives of protecting the
worker and helping businesses to be
profitable—that both these objectives
are complementary.”
Labor union officials praised
Henshaw’s health and safety experience
and did not oppose his nomination.
Henshaw also received support
from the American Chemical
Council and Senator Kit Bond
(R-Mo.), the ranking Republican
member of the Senate Committee
on Small Business. “I know John
will make
an excellent
Enforcement
assistant secalone cannot
retary,” Bond
reach the nearly
said prior to
seven million
the Senate
work sites in the
hearings on
United States.
Henshaw’s
nomination.
“John has a solid vision about restoring the credibility and integrity of
this important agency so that it can
achieve its mission of ensuring all of
our workers make it home safely at
the end of the day.”
Henshaw is the second SPH
alumnus to become director of
OSHA. John Pendergrass, MPH ’56,
also a graduate of the school’s program in industrial hygiene, served as
OSHA director from 1986 to 1989,
during the Reagan administration. ■
A Global First: Arab
Health Leaders Meet
in Michigan
O
ne of the principal challenges
facing the public health community in the 21st century is
the growing phenomenon of “epidemiologic transition,” which affects
developing countries around the
world. The term, first coined by an
Egyptian demographer, describes a
shift away from high mortality due to
infectious disease deaths, especially
among children, to high morbidity or
sickness as a result of the chronic
diseases typically associated with an
increasingly aging population.
In the nearly 20 Arab nations of
the Middle East and North Africa,
the phenomenon occurs with a twist,
reports Marcia Inhorn, associate professor of health behavior and health
education. “It’s the worst of both
worlds,” Inhorn says. “These countries
are confronting what you might call
a ‘delayed epidemiologic transition.’
They still suffer from significant
infectious disease problems, many of
which clearly affect women and children. But in part because of urbanization and changing dietary patterns
and changing ways of life in the
Middle East, there is now an epidemic
of chronic diseases—coronary artery
disease, hypertension, diabetes,
stroke—especially in cities.”
Also, the phenomenon is visible
in Arab immigrant populations in the
West. In fact, notes Inhorn, “these
chronic diseases tend to get exacerbated among Arab immigrants in the
West, in part because they have more
access to foods that aren’t good for
them. They’re also affected by the
sedentary lifestyle that affects all
Americans, as well as by stress.”
In southeastern Michigan, which is
home to the second largest diasporic
Arab population outside of the Middle
East, the Arab immigrant community
is plagued by a number of chronic and
infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and hepatitis as well as diabetes,
cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
It was precisely this “local-global” con-
Because of urbanization and
changing dietary patterns and
changing ways of life in the
Middle East, there is now an
epidemic of chronic diseases,
especially in cities.
nection between ethnic Arab populations here and in the Middle East
that prompted Dr. Adnan Hammad,
director of the Dearborn-based ArabAmerican Community Center for
Economic and Social Services
(ACCESS) community health center,
to propose a one-day international
O B S E RVAT O RY N E W S
5
FDA Advisory Committee
Examines FluMist
T
Approximately 50 participants from Arab countries gathered in Ann Arbor to discuss the state
of health in their respective countries.
conference in Michigan on the issue
of the epidemiologic transition among
Arab populations.
The conference, moderated by
Inhorn and SPH Professor Emeritus
Robin Barlow, took place at the
School of Public Health on May 10
and drew approximately 50 participants
from Arab countries as geographically
distant as Egypt, Sudan, Syria, and
Iraq. Among the participants were
two dozen leaders of public health
and community medicine programs
and deans of several medical schools
in the Middle East. SPH Professor
Rashid Bashshur and Toby Citrin,
director of the SPH Office of
Community-Based Public Health,
gave keynote addresses.
According to Inhorn, the Michigan
conference was the first time the
Arab health leaders could meet
together to discuss common public
health issues. “Public health in the
Middle East is still in its infancy,”
she explains. “It’s pretty much submerged within medical schools, and
epidemiology as a field is not well
developed. Therefore this was really
the first time leaders in public health
in the Middle East could come
FALL/WINTER 2001
together to talk openly about the
epidemiologic problems in their
countries.”
The most significant outcome of
the conference, Inhorn believes, was
that public health professionals from
both the Middle East and the United
States were able to begin developing
collaborations that will eventually
lead to faculty and student exchanges
and internships for global health students. Participants hope to renew an
existing agreement with American
University in Beirut, and to develop
new exchange agreements.
“Another key thing that came out
of the conference was to emphasize
that Middle Eastern countries are
truly in a delayed epidemiologic transition,” Inhorn says. “Because of political unrest, it’s only gotten worse for
Algerian, Iraqi, and Palestinian populations, for example. The lack of a
public health infrastructure means
vaccinations aren’t getting to kids,
and there are high rates of maternal
mortality, and yet the burden of
chronic disease is increasingly felt.” ■
he U.S. Food and Drug
Administration’s Vaccines and
Related Biological Products
Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) recommended in late July that adequate
data exist to support the effectiveness
of FluMist for the prevention of
influenza in healthy children and
adults ages one through 64. FluMist
is a nasal-spray influenza vaccine
based on technology developed by
Hunein “John” Maassab, professor of
epidemiology at the School of Public
Health. FluMist would be marketed
by Aviron and Wyeth Lederle Vaccines,
a business unit of American Home
Products.
The committee also recommended
that the data analysis completed to
date is not sufficient to support the
Hunein “John” Maassab
safety of the vaccine at this time. In
closing the discussion, Dr. Robert S.
Daum, chairman of VRBPAC, indicated that the committee would welcome
the opportunity to evaluate the safety
data when the analyses are complete.
Aviron is continuing to work with the
FDA as the agency completes the
analysis of the safety data supporting
the license application.
FluMist is a cold-adapted, liveattenuated, trivalent influenza virus
vaccine. Delivered as a nasal mist,
6
Findings
FluMist could offer an important
new approach to help protect people
from influenza.
Maassab began work on an
influenza vaccine in the 1950s as a
graduate student under the direction
of Dr. Thomas Francis Jr., who had
overseen the U.S. Army’s flu vaccine
program during World War II.
Maassab first isolated the influenza
type A–Ann Arbor virus in 1960, and
by 1967, he had developed a coldadapted virus. For the next several
decades, he worked to refine and
evaluate his flu vaccine.
The Biologics License Application
for FluMist is currently under review
by the FDA, which ultimately will
decide whether to approve the
license application. If licensed by the
FDA, FluMist would be the first
influenza vaccine delivered as a nasal
mist to be commercially available in
the United States.
“Delivering a flu vaccine via a
nasal mist makes good clinical sense
since influenza is an airborne virus
that typically enters the body through
the nose,” said Robert B. Belshe,
professor of internal medicine, pediatrics, molecular microbiology and
immunology at Saint Louis
University.
Each year in the U.S., influenza
infects 35-50 million people, resulting
in 20,000 deaths (predominantly in
the elderly) and as much as $12 billion
in direct and indirect costs, including
70 million lost work days and 38 million
lost school days. Influenza vaccination
may be particularly significant for
children, who are between two and
three times more likely than adults
to contract influenza and who remain
infectious longer. ■
Convocation 2001
Two hundred twenty-two graduating students took part in the school’s 2001 convocation ceremonies. During the commencement exercises, Peter Meier, professor of environmental health
sciences, received the 2001 Excellence in Teaching Award. Jeremy Taylor, professor of biostatistics, received the 2001 Excellence in Research Award. Susan Scrimshaw, dean of the University
of Illinois–Chicago School of Public Health and chair of the Association of Schools of Public
Health, gave the convocation address.
$12.5 Million Campaign Combats Pediatric Asthma
E
arlier this year, the School of
Public Health’s Allies Against
Asthma program, a partnership
with the Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation, awarded grants of about
$150,000 each to eight communities
to develop models that improve access
to and the quality of clinical care,
reduce asthma symptoms, and foster
patient and community education.
The eight coalitions—which
include clinics, hospitals, public
health agencies, health care plans,
schools, parents, child care providers,
housing and environmental organizations, researchers, and public health
agencies—will combine
clinical and public health
approaches to control
asthma in their communities. The coalitions are
based in New Mexico,
Virginia, California,
Wisconsin, Pennsylvania,
Washington, Puerto Rico,
and the District of
Columbia.
The key to this program
“is to tackle the problem of
asthma through coalitions
that integrate clinical, envi-
ronmental, and community-derived
approaches,” said program director
Noreen Clark, dean of SPH. “We have
to put together pieces of a puzzle. No
one approach will solve the problem.”
A chronic inflammatory disease
of the airways, asthma affects more
than 14.9 million Americans, including an estimated five million children. If the coalition partnerships
succeed, the Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation anticipates replicating
the Allies Against Asthma approach
in oder to mobilize community
resources against other chronic
health conditions. ■
Earlier this year, Stephen
Page, MPA, director,
Radiation and Indoor Air,
Environmental Protection
Agency, and a member of
the National Advisory
Committee for Allies
Against Asthma, presented ideas to the eight
coalitions involved in the
nationwide fight against
pediatric asthma.
7
Convocation 2001
“The Best Job I Ever Have Had”
Peter Meier: Teacher of the Year
A
sked how he plans to spend his
first months of retirement, Peter
Meier, professor of environmental health sciences, answers, “I’ve got a
lot to do. Mushrooming at Matthei
Botanical Gardens. And I’m
taking a mushrooming class
this fall. I love to cook. I just
came up with a recipe for
duck legs and mushrooms.”
When pressed, Meier,
who officially retired from the
School of Public Health in
June, admits he also plans
to spend time teaching his
three-year-old grandson the
basics of aquatic biology, to
“get my students graduated,”
and to pursue a number of research projects. He’s interested in the taxonomy of
aquatic insects, particularly Chironomidae,
or midges, and wants to determine how
they reflect water quality. He also plans to
research a set of aquatic macroinvertebrate material he collected in southern
Brazil in the late 1970s, which has been
stored in alcohol ever since. Meier suspects the collection contains organisms
that may represent a new order. If the
study warrants it, he’ll return to Brazil to
see if the organisms still exist.
In short, says the man whom SPH students voted “Teacher of the Year” in 2001,
“I have too many things on my plate.”
Born in Sudetenland, Meier spent time
at the end of World War II in a Russian
concentration camp. His father had been
FALL/WINTER 2001
killed in the last weeks of the war. In
1947, Meier, his mother, and his two older
siblings managed to get on the last transport train to West Germany, along with 16
other families per freight car. In Germany,
“In 1965, I was sitting in your seats
[as a Michigan graduate], not really
knowing where I was going. In my
case, I kept going to school.
Because this was really the best
part of my life. When I go off in the
morning, I kiss my wife goodbye
and tell her I’m going to school. I’m
going to learn and have fun. It is
the greatest job that I ever have
had.” — Professor Peter Meier, in
remarks made while accepting the
2001 Teacher of the Year Award.
they were housed in a relocation camp
under starvation conditions. After three
days without food, Meier recalls, “My
brother Hans and I caught a cat and
cooked it. We cut the tail off, and told our
mother it was a fried rabbit.” Eventually,
through the intercession of an aunt, he
and his family emigrated to the United
States and settled in Michigan.
Meier became an American citizen in
1956. During high school and college, he
worked a variety of jobs—as a tool die
maker, in restaurants and hotels—before
enrolling in the University of Michigan on
a graduate fellowship. As a
teaching assistant in the School
of Natural Resources in the
1960s, he “fell in love with
aquatic insects. It’s like a little
mystery or a treasure hunt,”
Meier says, “because every time
you go out you find a new one
that you didn’t have in your collection.” Meier joined the SPH
faculty in 1970.
Now 64, Meier looks forward
to a productive retirement.
Although he’ll miss teaching, he intends
to continue coming to his office at the
school. Meanwhile, he has his family to
occupy him—his wife, “also known as
Frau Dudeldorf”; his two grown daughters,
Kristina and Erika; and his grandson,
Devon. And he has his chief hobby. As
Meier recounts the names of the mushrooms he loves best—morels, shaggy
manes, inky caps, and chanterelles, his
favorite—his voice soars with pleasure.
“When we were in Germany we lived
from day to day, because we thought
tomorrow probably wouldn’t come,” Meier
says. “When I came over here, I never
really worried about tomorrow. I was very
fortunate. I survived.”
8
Findings
The View from Ecuador: Epidemiologist Jaime Breilh Visits Michigan
T
he distinguished epidemiologist
and public health specialist
Jaime Breilh, MD, MS, PhD,
spent the month of February on the
University of Michigan campus as a
visiting professor with a joint appointment in the School of Public Health’s
Center for Research on
Ethnicity, Culture and
Health (CRECH) and the
university’s Latin American
and Caribbean Studies
Program. Established in
BREILH
1998, CRECH provides a
forum for basic and applied public
health research on relationships
among ethnicity, culture, socioeconomic status, and health.
Breilh, who lives in Quito, Ecuador,
is the founder and scientific director
of the Centro de Estudios y Asesoria
en Salud (Health Research and
Advisory Center), which promotes
health and human development
research and postgraduate teaching
programs. Now in its 23rd year, the
center has conducted scientific and
technical advisory projects throughout Latin America. Breilh’s many
books include Epidemiology:
Economy, Politics and Health; Gender
Crossfire; and Deterioration of Life:
New Concepts in Health Planning.
Breilh most recently published New
Epidemiology: A Critical Multicultural
Approach for a New Paradigm.
During his stay in Michigan,
Breilh spoke to Findings about his
work and about the state of public
health in Latin America.
Findings: You’re highly involved in epidemiological research in Latin America.
What’s currently happening there?
Breilh: Before, in our countries, there
was considerable state participation
in the area of social services, such as
education and health. These were
considered non-negotiable human
rights. But there has been a setback.
It’s even happening in Europe and
North America. The move now is
toward the reduction of public investment and increasing privatization. In
Ecuador, and in many other countries
of Latin America—even the ones,
like Argentina, that used to be a little
better off—privatization is terrible.
The social determinants of life quality
and health are getting worse.
Unemployment is growing, access to
good nutrition is worse year to year,
educational services are deteriorating.
As an indicator of this deterioration,
the percentage of extreme poverty in
Ecuador has risen from 47% in the
1980s, which was terrible, to 80%
now. Even the middle class is impoverished!
“There’s a thinking that strong,
hard science is only in the
north, that there’s not much to
learn from the south, but I think
that’s a mistake.”
—JAIME BREILH
F: Why is this shift happening?
B: I think it’s a worldwide tendency
that happened after the Berlin Wall
came down. Up to that moment
there was a sort of a balance, a
worldwide political balance between
market-oriented and public-oriented
regimes. But from then on, there
was a boom in the concept of private health care and privatization.
The United States was a good
model for that sort of system, even
though its very high health-percapita investment does not result
in comparable health effectiveness
or efficiency.
F: What are the chief health problems
facing Latin America?
B: This socioeconomic model, with all
that it implies—privatization and the
deterioration of human rights and
services, budget cuts based on ideological criteria, the neglect or dissolution of genuinely preventive programs,
the application of minimal resources
to address extreme poverty, and above
all a change in thought that has
transformed our concept of health
from a non-negotiable right to a commodity to be purchased in the market—is one of the main trends that
is very destructive. Another problem
is the irresponsible destruction of
nature and the predominance of
commercially lucrative ecological
management. In Ecuador, that’s
principally oil and deforestation.
Transnational companies are destroying our tropical forests. The proliferation of hazardous working conditions
is another big problem that has been
provoked or worsened by legal deregulation and contractual flexibility.
Another problem is low standards
of consumer protection and a nearabsence of regulations.
F: You’ve been studying a number of these
problems in your own work.
B: Yes. We’re studying the health
effects of some of these developments. I am presently developing a
research project in the field of cutflower production. Ecuador is the
fourth largest flower producer in the
world and the world’s number-one
producer of roses. Corporations from
throughout the world—Holland,
Germany, some from the United
States, some local—are producing
flowers in Ecuador. Unfortunately,
most of these transnational and local
investments are operating with the
intensive use of red- and yellow-label
pesticides, which are very dangerous,
F: Are there no government regulations?
B: There are some laws and regula-
tions, but they are not enforced. We
are trying to monitor the situation to
develop better standards and more
protection. We’re now starting to
develop community-driven programs
so that the population can become
more aware of things and take greater
control—what we call “health social
control.”
F: You’ve been involved with the Health
Research and Advisory Center for over 20
years. What lessons have you learned
through the center that might be applied
in the United States?
B: We always try to be up to date
with what’s happening in North
America. But the scholars in North
America are not that much aware of
or interested in what’s going on in the
south—with exceptions, of course.
Certain universities, like Michigan,
have developed formal projects in
collaboration with researchers in our
region. In general, though, there’s a
thinking that strong, hard science is
only in the north, that there’s not
much to learn from the south, but I
think that’s a mistake. I think we also
have many things to offer.
For instance, in the field of social
medicine and public health there is a
very powerful, strong Latin American
movement. We’re engaged in topflight theoretical and methodological
research innovation. There are many
instances of community-driven,
urban and rural health research and
intervention projects. These are interesting contributions, especially for
FALL/WINTER 2001
the field of public health—which we
call salud colectiva, or “collective
health.” It’s a new name for public
health that we’re using in Latin
America, and it means we clearly recognize the field of individual health
research and practice as well as a
collective field, which has its own
methodological and technological
resources.
On both sides, though, we’re starting to strengthen links. My presence
in Michigan, for instance, is initiating
new links, and now we’re planning
to do projects in Ecuador with my
students. We’re strengthening this
bridge between north and south in
our combined effort to work for a
more humane and equitable world. ■
Dr. Jaime Briehl will deliver the fourth
annual Distinguished Lecture on Public
Health and Human Rights, sponsored by the
Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and
Health, on Thursday, April 4, at 3 pm.
For more information call 734.647.6665 or
e-mail [email protected].
Tips for Kids (and the Rest of Us)
from Nurse Rosy Goodhealth
W
hen Erika Johnson, an
MPH candidate in the
school’s Human Nutrition
Program, visits K-5 schoolchildren
in metro Detroit, she takes a friend
with her. Nurse Rosy Goodhealth
is no ordinary friend, though. She’s
a hand puppet, and with her help,
Johnson teaches the basics of
healthy behavior to kids, their
teachers, and their parents.
A typical Nurse Rosy visit runs
35 minutes and covers such topics
as hand washing, personal hygiene,
dental care, and fire safety. Worksheets and a parent newsletter
reinforce the lessons Nurse Rosy
imparts.
A licensed product of the
Livonia–based SchoolCare LLC,
Nurse Rosy Goodhealth is available
free of charge to public and private
schools throughout metro Detroit.
Founded in 1997, Nurse Rosy made
visits to 125 public and private
schools last year.
“SchoolCare has created the perfect
tool for us to use when we are talking
to students about their health,” says
Johnson, who doesn’t mind wearing a
Nurse Rosy apron and using a puppet if
it means children will lead healthier lives.
“At the end of the day, they may not
remember what their parents have told
them about covering their mouths when
they cough or washing their hands before
they eat or touch anyone, but they will
remember what Nurse Rosy said.”
Among Nurse Rosy’s tips: spend at
least 15 seconds washing your hands in
warm water. How do you know it’s 15
seconds? Sing “Row, Row, Row Your
Boat” twice, Johnson advises.
N u r s e R o s y m a d e v i s i t s t o 1 2 5 p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e s c h o o l s l a s t y e a r.
Photo: Detroit News
as you know, for health. So we are
studying the effects of flower production and the massive use of pesticides in human health and ecological
deterioration. We are also developing
better screening techniques for
chronic subclinical toxicity and software for improving health-monitoring
standards.
9
P
icture the heady atmosphere
of Florence at the height of
the Renaissance, and you get
some sense of what’s happening today in the life sciences. At least
that’s how it strikes Sharon Kardia, a
human geneticist by trade who lately
finds herself immersed in the statistical
analysis of high-dimensional genetic
data—work traditionally carried out
by biostatisticians. For Kardia, who
admits that her “first
love” is biology, it’s
a necessary, even
thrilling, part of today’s
whirlwind research
game, a game made
possible chiefly by
advances in information
technology and the
human genome project.
“There’s a renaissance of sorts that’s
happening, and it’s represented by the life sciences,” says Kardia, an
assistant professor of
epidemiology. “We’ve
just spent a full generation trying to
specialize, and realizing that in that
specialization, we’ve all reached the
same core issues. We’re now moving to
a much more holistic view of biology.”
Think back to 15th- and 16thcentury Florence, and Kardia’s model
holds. Then, as now, it was technology—namely, the invention of movable
type in the late 1440s, but also the
adoption of oil for painting and the
refinement of bronze-casting techniques—that helped fuel an age of
unbridled experimentation and led
artists both to revisit the past and
to chart a breathtaking vision of
the future, a vision that to this day
inspires awe. It was a quintessential
age of interdisciplinarity. Painters
created sculpture, sculptors designed
and engineered buildings, architects
produced drawings, and draughtsman
wrote poems. Collectively, they transformed our understanding of what
it means to be human.
A World
Imagined
New
LIFE SCIENCES
AND THE FUTURE
O F H U M A N H E A LT H
The mapping of the human
genome has produced a similarly
fertile environment. “It used to be
you could work within a single area
without bumping into someone from
another discipline. So little was
known,” says Jack Dixon, the Minor
J. Coon Professor of Biological
Chemistry and co-director, with Scott
Emr, of the newly founded Life
Sciences Institute at the University of
Michigan. “But today, problems take
unexpected turns and twists. To solve
a problem in biochemistry, for example,
you need genetics. It’s a new way of
doing business.”
Dixon uses a favorite analogy to
illustrate the explosion of knowledge
that’s been unleashed in the past two
years by the sequencing of the human
genome. “In terms of the amount
of new information that’s been put
into place, it’s the difference between
a third-grade dictionary and the
unabridged Oxford English Dictionary,”
he says. “Two years ago, we had ‘See
Jane run,’ but nothing further. We
didn’t know all the words.”
Now we do. On June 26, 2000,
President Bill Clinton in the White
House and Prime Minister Tony Blair
in Downing Street simultaneously
announced that a rough draft of the
genome was complete. Clinton hailed
it as a “day for the ages.” “Until now,”
writes Matt Ridley, author of Genome,
“human genes were an almost complete mystery. We will be the first
generation to penetrate that mystery.”
Dixon returns to the example of
the dictionary. “We now know what
the words are,” he says. “Next, we
have to understand their meaning
and put them into sentences and
paragraphs to find out how the whole
organism functions.”
To do that will require a new level
of cooperation among traditionally disparate academic disciplines, not only
in the biological sciences but in fields
such as engineering, computer science,
chemistry, and public health. The UM
Life Sciences Initiative, a campus-wide
“In that part of the book of my memory before which
is little that can be read, there is a rubric, saying,
‘Incipit Vita Nova.’ The new life begins.” — dante alighieri
12
Findings
effort to coordinate and expand
research and teaching in the life sciences, is designed to foster precisely
such collaboration. The physical hub
of the initiative, the Life Sciences
Institute, articulates this mission
“There’s a renaissance of sorts that’s happening, and it’s
represented by the life sciences.” — Sharon Kardia
architecturally. The six-story, 230,000square-foot, $96 million structure
currently under construction on the
university’s main campus has been
designed “so you can’t go anywhere in
the building without bumping into
someone,” says Dixon. “We’re trying to
mix things up because we know that’s
how science works. People have to
talk the same language.”
UM President Lee Bollinger is
the driving force behind the initiative.
Shortly after becoming president in
1996, Bollinger convened a committee
of scientists to explore the ramifications of the human genome project
and to determine how Michigan could
be a leader in a post-genome world.
“We’re in the midst of an intellectual
revolution. You want to be part of
that,” Bollinger said earlier this year,
during ceremonies celebrating the
launch of the initiative.
Although the Life Sciences
Institute won’t officially open until
2003, scholars throughout the university are currently engaged in a variety
of projects that touch on the initiative’s principal research themes: life
sciences, values, and society; genomics
and complex-disease genetics; chemical and structural biology; cognitive
neuroscience; biocomplexity; biotechnology and translational research; and
bioinformatics. Once the institute is
open, it will house 30 faculty, all of
whom will have appointments in UM
schools and departments, and more
than 300 staff members. The institute
will also provide sabbatical opportunities for both Michigan faculty and
outside researchers, and will offer
undergraduate courses that cut across
a wide spectrum of topics linked to
the life sciences.
Dixon terms the endeavor “a
grand experiment. We want to infuse
the place with energy. Clearly,” he
adds, “we had to find new ways of
dealing with the explosion in scientific
knowledge.”
For Kardia, an assistant professor
in the School of Public Health
Department of Epidemiology, that
“explosion” has given public health
researchers an unprecedented chance
to improve the health and well-being
of people worldwide. “There’s an outdated view of public health as the
thing that makes sure your water is
fluoridated,” she says. But in fact,
Kardia believes, public health has two
indispensable roles to play in the life
sciences. The first is to understand
genetics in population-based samples,
rather than exclusively in clinical,
medical-based samples.
“The common chronic diseases
typically have a multifactorial etiology
that arises from complex interactions
between genetic and environmental
factors,” Kardia points out. “These
polygenic diseases—or diseases that
involve more than one gene—can only
really be looked at from a population
perspective because not everyone’s
going to carry the same genetic factors.”
The second key function for
public health, in Kardia’s view, is to
spearhead health behavior and health
education efforts to help people make
the transition from a non-genetic to a
genetic assessment of treatment and
prevention options. “The School of
Public Health has a wealth of experience both in basic research and in
public health education. With the
tidal wave of genetic information hitting the clinical settings, we’ll soon
have a crisis in the public’s ability to
ride along with this technological
wave. The public needs to be educated to accept genetic technologies.”
A WORLD IMAGINED NEW
Kardia is one of a number of SPH
researchers currently at work on projects in precisely these areas. A survey
of just some of their activity suggests
the range and breadth of research at the
school and gives a tantalizing glimpse
into the future of human health.
“We are at the peak of our use of
a reductionist mode to understand
human existence,” Kardia says. “We’re
now embarking on synthesis.” She
leans back in her chair, chews on a
piece of gum, and chuckles. “It wasn’t
so long ago that they just bled you.” ■
bioinformatics
A Billion-Letter Book
“Cool” and “daunting” are two words researchers use to describe the volume of information generated by the
Human Genome Project. By any definition, high-dimensional data is changing the way health scientists work.
I
t wasn’t until the 1950s that
researchers knew with certainty
that a gene was not an abstract
unit, but a physical and chemical presence called DNA. Of
course, people had speculated for
centuries that the key to life lay in
substances invisible to the naked eye.
Aristotle understood that the “concept” of a chicken is implicit in an
egg, and that the overall design of an
oak tree literally “informs” an acorn.
(At least one geneticist has joked that
Aristotle should be given a posthumous
Nobel for his discovery of DNA.)
As early as 1794, the poet and
physician Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles, wondered aloud, “As
the earth and ocean were probably
peopled with vegetable productions
long before the existence of animals;
and many families of these animals
long before other families of them,
shall we conjecture that one and the
same kind of living filaments is and
has been the cause of all organic life?”
Darwin’s use of the word “filaments” was eerily prescient, although
it took 150 years to verify his remarkable idea. In the mid-19th century, an
obscure monk named Gregor Mendel
quietly conducted a series of crossbreeding experiments with some
28,000 garden pea plants in an
SPRING/SUMMER 2001
Augustinian monastery. Mendel’s tinkering led to the notion that living
organisms possess both “dominant”
and “recessive” traits and that discrete
entities, or “factors”—what we now
know as genes, from the Greek “birth”
or “generation”—are passed on from
one generation to the next. Ignored in
his own day, Mendel’s novel theories
nonetheless laid the foundation for the
science of genetics.
Over the next century, that science
slowly but deliberately evolved. In
1943, Oswald Avery, a 63-year-old
Canadian scientist, put the last touches
on an experiment that decisively
identified DNA as the chemical manifestation of heredity. A decade later,
James Watson, an American geneticist
and biophysicist, and Francis Crick,
a British biophysicist and one-time
ornithologist, got together over a set
of metal and cardboard cutouts and
concluded, with dazzling elegance,
that the DNA molecule is a double
helix. “We’ve discovered the secret of
life,” the cheeky Crick boasted in a
London pub on February 28, 1953.
The molecular genetic age had begun.
What had so long eluded scientists was abruptly clear: DNA held a
code written along the length of an
intertwined staircase of a double helix,
of potentially infinite length. The code
With cDNA microarray technology, a robotic arm, upper
left, deposits genetic material
onto chips, lower right, each
of which holds as many as
20,000 genes. The technology
ultimately helps researchers
identify those genes that are
differentially expressed in
different stages of a given
disease, such as cancer.
13
14
Findings
replicated itself by means of chemical
affinities between its letters, and
spelled out the recipes for proteins by
means of an as yet unknown phrasebook linking DNA to protein.
By 1965, researchers had cracked
the fundamental genetic code: they
understood the four-letter alphabet
that constitutes DNA. But the precise
ordering of that alphabet, which is
codified in three billion base pairs,
remained a mystery until the Human
Genome Project, which began in the
late 1980s. Under the direction of
UM Professor Francis S. Collins,
researchers with the project, together
with scientists working for the private
company Celera Genomics, have nearly
completed a rough draft of the
genome—the totality of genetic material in the human organism. By mapping the genome, they’ve figured out
precisely which genes lie on which
chromosomes, and where those genes
reside, and by sequencing human
DNA they’ve determined the specific
order of our genetic alphabet.
In short, they’ve given us a nearcomplete parts catalogue for the
human body. Compared to the knowledge we stand to glean from the
“Now we potentially have all the jigsaw pieces by which we
can go back and reconstruct the puzzle.” — Debashis Ghosh
genome, the rest of biology pales. As
SPH biostatistician Debashis Ghosh
sees it, “Now we potentially have all
the jigsaw pieces by which we can go
back and reconstruct the puzzle. But
how to go about starting is mindblowing.”
Perhaps the most mind-boggling
feature of the genome sequence is its
volume. The human genome contains
enough information, says Dixon, to fill
more than 150 New York telephone
directories. If it were a book, the
genome would hold one billion letters.
“It is a recipe of extravagant length,”
writes Matt Ridley, “and it all fits
inside the microscopic nucleus of a
tiny cell that fits easily upon the head
of a pin.”
To decipher data on such an enormous scale, scientists need new tools.
“Which is great from a statistical point
of view,” says Ghosh, who is working
with Kardia and fellow SPH biostatistician Jeremy Taylor to develop methods
for moving to a higher-dimensional
understanding of biology. It’s part of
the burgeoning field of bioinformatics,
which combines molecular biology,
statistics, and computer science.
Taylor terms it “a new era of
data mining.” Traditional statistical
approaches to data analysis are incapable of extracting useful information
from such massive data sets, he notes,
so novel approaches are needed. Since
1998, three primary technologies for
deciphering high-dimensional data
have evolved: cDNA microarray,
oligonucleotide microarray, and radiolabelled microarray. All three measure
the expression levels of messenger
RNA, which ultimately translates
DNA sequences into proteins. Nearly
everything in the human body, from
hair to hormones, is either made of
proteins or produced by them—so
today’s researchers are, in fact, hovering very near Crick’s “secret of life.”
From a single given tissue or
blood sample, microarray technology
can generate up to 15,000 measurements, each representing a different
genetic expression level. Ultimately,
this technology can lead to new classifications of complex diseases such as
cancer and a greater understanding of
the genetic networks that drive disease.
Ghosh has been analyzing cDNA
microarray data, the most popular of
the three technologies, in a prostate
cancer study directed by Mark Rubin
and Arul Chinnaiyan of the UM
Department of Pathology. The scientists are seeking to learn which genes
are differentially expressed in different
stages of the cancer.
In principal, the technology works
much like standard biological assays,
the kinds of analyses scientists have
been using for years. The difference,
says Ghosh, “is that you can do this
for so many genes at one time.” With
cDNA microarray, researchers compare
genetic material found in cancerous
tissue with a population of “reference”
genes by scanning the samples together
at two intensities. They then use
image-analysis software to derive a
number showing the ratio of cancerous
to reference tissue. This is the number
Ghosh ultimately works with to get
his key findings. “You try to extract as
much information as possible using
statistical methods. You quantify,”
he says.
To date, he has identified several
new links between prostate cancer and
proteins that are involved in the complicated machinery of cell death. He
has also pinpointed a number of proteins that may be involved in the
prostate cancer pathway. The suggestion, he notes, “is that in prostate cancer something is going fundamentally
wrong with these cell death pathways.”
In addition to the prostate cancer
study, Ghosh is working with Anand
Swaroop of the UM Department of
Opthalmology on a study of age-related
macular degeneration. For both projects, Ghosh concedes he’s had to learn
“a lot of biology.” It’s a mark of the
interdisciplinarity of the life sciences.
“Everyone has a strength, but it’s
like two tribes. You need to speak the
language of the other tribe,” he says.
Doing so is both “cool” and “daunting.”
For the 28-year-old researcher—who
went into biostatistics because he
wanted to find a practical use for his
math skills, and who entered college
just as the Human Genome Project
was getting underway—there’s never
been a better time to be a statistician. ■
genomics and complex genetics
Hope of the Future
A decade ago, scientists were studying complex diseases like cancer and diabetes one gene at a time. Today they’re
looking at thousands of genes simultaneously—and the results have some researchers on the verge of dancing.
O
n his last set of road trips
in the mid-1950s, the folk
singer Woodie Guthrie displayed such erratic behavior
that physicians diagnosed
him with everything from alcoholism
to schizophrenia. It turned out that
Guthrie suffered from Huntington disease, the same incurable disease that
had killed his mother 30 years earlier.
Huntington starts with a decline in
intellectual capacity, followed by jerking limbs, deep depression, occasional
hallucinations, and delusions. Guthrie
spent the last 13 years of his life in
and out of institutions. He died in
1967. Shortly after his death, Guthrie’s
widow founded a committee aimed at
SPRING/SUMMER 2001
finding the genetic source of this
cruel disease.
Her devotion paid off. In 1993,
researchers identified a single gene,
at the top of chromosome 4, which in
mutated form causes Huntington. The
tip gene contains a single nucleotide
sequence, CAG, repeated over and
over. In most humans, the sequence
occurs between 10 and 30 times; in
Huntington patients, the sequence
repeats from 40 to 100 times—more
in subsequent generations. In the balance between those numbers hangs an
individual’s sanity, fate, and indeed life.
Scientists have identified more
than 4,000 diseases of clear genetic
origin, of which Huntington disease is
15
16
Findings
perhaps the most famous. Others
include cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell
anemia. With these basic, so-called
Mendelian diseases, one or two genes
can literally mean the difference
between life and death. “It’s that
simple,” says Michael Boehnke, the
Pharmacia Research Professor of
Biostatistics at SPH.
But the incidence of these diseases
is rare, and their impact on society,
Boehnke says, “is relatively modest,
whereas the societal impact of complex diseases such as hypertension,
coronary calcification, or diabetes is
tremendous.”
“The more we learn about the
genetic aspects of health, the more we
“The more we learn about the genetic aspects of health,
the more we appreciate that genetic manipulation alone
will yield very few ‘silver bullets’ with which to eliminate
specific diseases.” — Noreen Clark
appreciate that genetic manipulation
alone will yield very few ‘silver bullets’
with which to eliminate specific diseases,” says SPH Dean Noreen Clark.
Not only do most of the major diseases that threaten human health have
complex genetic origins, but they are
profoundly influenced by both environmental and behavioral factors.
“All these interactions are
extraordinarily complex,” says George
Kaplan, chair of the Department of
Epidemiology. “The impact of genes
varies enormously.”
Boehnke, who is engaged in an
ongoing study aimed at identifying the
genetic variants that predispose individuals to Type-2, adult-onset diabetes,
notes that in the case of diabetes, “it
could turn out that the disease can be
caused by a thousand different genes,
any of them in combination with environmental and behavioral factors.
There are so many variables you don’t
know what counts. We hope that a
smaller number of genes will be of pri-
mary importance, so that we’ll have
a better chance to identify them.”
“It was just ten years ago that
people were studying one gene at a
time, one or two variations at a time,”
says Sharon Kardia, who is directing a
study designed both to localize the
particular genetic variations associated
with hypertension and to determine
how an individual’s genetic vulnerability
to the diseases is modified by environmental and other risk factors. “The
kind of large-scale genetic research
we’re doing today is incredibly important for common chronic diseases with
the largest public health burden.”
Boehnke’s approach to is to get
“lots of data.” For the past seven years,
he has directed the NIH–funded
Finland–United States Investigation
of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus Genetic (FUSION) Study.
The population-based study involves
nearly 5,000 individuals from 800
families throughout Finland, a country
whose relative geographic, ethnic,
linguistic, and consequently genetic
isolation makes it an ideal candidate
for genetic research. What’s more,
says Boehnke, “there’s reason to think
Finland may offer greater homogeneity
in terms of both environment and
behavior. By choosing a country with
fewer variants that predispose individuals to diabetes, we hope to have a
chance to look at a reduced set of genes
that emit a stronger genetic signal.”
Once the genetic, behavioral,
and environmental variants linked to
diabetes are known, Boehnke and his
colleagues can better understand the
underlying etiology of the disease, and
can then seek to identify people at risk
for the disease much earlier, “and we
can better target therapies.” Adultonset diabetes is currently responsible
for an estimated one-seventh of the
total cost of health care in the United
States. “If we make only a modest
impact in prevention techniques or
drug therapies,” Boehnke says, “the
impact could be tremendous.”
Heart disease, the leading cause
of death in the United States since
1921, is another health threat whose
causes are both complex and little
understood, despite decades of
research. “Half of the people who suffer a heart attack or sudden cardiac
death have no previous symptoms,”
says Pat Peyser, professor of epidemiology, who is researching the risk
factors and genes associated with the
distribution of coronary artery calcification, both in individuals and within
families. People with a significant
amount of calcification may have a
blockage in a coronary artery and are
at increased risk of a heart attack or
sudden cardiac death.
In a study involving 1,700 individuals from Rochester, Minnesota, Peyser
is using a non-invasive technique called
Electron Beam Computed Tomography
(EBCT) to investigate possible links
between more than 60 candidate genes
and coronary artery calcification.
Non-genetic factors are another likely
determinant in the development and
progression of coronary artery calcification.
Peyser is optimistic about the
practical potential of her research.
“Ideally,” she says, “in 20 years we
hope to be able to provide genetic risk
profiles for individuals very early in
life—since atherosclerosis begins in
the first decade of life—and provide
appropriate prevention approaches.”
Cancer research is making similar
strides, thanks to new technologies
and the informational riches generated
by the Human Genome Project.
Physician and epidemiologist Stephen
Gruber first became interested in the
disease because it had struck several
people in his family, and he wanted to
understand it better.
“But even more than that,” says
Gruber, who holds joint appointments
in the Department of Epidemiology
and the Division of Medical Genetics,
Department of Internal Medicine,
“was the recognition when I first started training that we didn’t have the
tools to answer the questions.
SPRING/SUMMER 2001
Epidemiologists had already developed
many of the methods needed to study
infectious diseases, but the detailed
understanding we were aiming for
with cancer wasn’t possible before the
genome. The windows we had were
few and far between.”
Cancer, he adds emphatically, “is
a disease of DNA. It develops on the
basis of very well-documented alterations of DNA.”
Gruber splits his time between
the Medical School’s Cancer Genetics
Clinic, where he sees patients and
families at high risk for carrying cancer-susceptibility genes and gives
advice on cancer prevention, and the
School of Public Health, where he
directs a number of large-scale cancer
research projects. He relishes the
chance to combine clinical work in
oncology with epidemiological studies,
because the latter allow him to examine the context of cancer in the larger
population and to try to design broad
interventions.
“Essentially we’re recognizing that
all cancers are not created equal, that
cancer is not a single disease,” he says.
“It’s a lot of diseases that share common features.” Gruber is seeking to
understand both how cancers differ
from one another, and how to use that
In his seventh-floor lab,
Dr. Stephen Gruber reviews
a DNA “dot-blot,” which
identifies individuals with
an inherited susceptibility
to colon cancer.
17
18
Findings
information in treatment and prevention efforts. “We’ve known for some
time that it’s not as simple as one
exposure, one disease. Even with lung
cancer—the single most preventable
cancer—why is it that some people
who don’t smoke get the disease, and
some who do, don’t?” As with other
complex diseases, cancer results from
genetic as well as environmental and
behavioral factors. Gruber is trying to
find out just how these diverse factors
come into play.
In separate projects, he is studying two different cancers, melanoma
and colorectal cancer, both of which
are highly preventable when detected
early. He is using the same genetic
technology in each study to examine
familial susceptibility to cancer. Three
clues, in particular—family history of
the disease, the age of disease-onset,
and the presence of multiple primary
cancers in the same person—can help
identify individuals who are likely to
possess a single gene that “is really
potent,” Gruber says, and who are
therefore at exceptionally high risk for
the disease. But many of the genes
that contribute to cancer are far less
potent and more difficult to find.
Most cancer-susceptibility genes
are tumor-suppressor genes that have
gone awry. Like bicycle brakes, these
genes typically inhibit the development
of cancer. But if anything happens to
those brakes, the cell goes out of control. Typically, cancer develops through
a series of events—some environmental, some biological—which make it
impossible for a tumor-suppressor
gene to function. Because humans are
born with two sets of every gene, “it’s
OK to lose one copy. One brake is
good enough,” says Gruber. “But if it
happens twice, the cell loses control.
Three billion pieces of DNA have to
be reproduced perfectly every time a
human cell divides. Usually our cells
have no problem with this process,
but mistakes sometimes happen. The
probability of error is greatly enhanced
by environmental and behavioral fac-
tors, such as smoking.”
When errors happen, trouble hits.
Gruber, who has peered at his share of
cancer cells under a microscope, says
“Those are some angry-looking cells.”
In his largest study, Gruber and
fellow investigator Gad Rennert of
Clalit Health Services, Technion
University, Haifa, Israel, are conducting
interviews with and analyzing tissue
samples from individuals in northern
Israel who have been diagnosed with
colorectal cancer in the past four
years. A total of 4,200 persons—2,100
cancer cases, and 2,100 controls—are
participating in the study. The population of northern Israel, like that of
Finland in Boehnke’s diabetes study,
is relatively homogenous, and portions
of the human genome are consequently
not as diverse as elsewhere. “We’re
counting on that to help simplify our
work,” Gruber says.
Gruber and Rennert want to
understand gene-environment interactions so that they can ultimately develop
what Gruber terms “the hope of the
future”: prevention strategies and
drugs targeted to the people who need
them most. Some of these targeted
therapies are already on the horizon,
says Gruber, and he believes many
more will be available in as little as 10
years. “This is not that far from science
fiction.”
As Gruber talks about his work,
his excitement is palpable. “I’m enthusiastic about our potential to understand cancer by looking at networks
of genes, rather than individual genes,
one at a time,” he says. “This has the
potential to make a real impact on
people’s lives, and will hopefully make
a whole lot of people feel like dancing—including me.”
“The fun of this science,” he adds,
“is the exhilaration of looking at a
mutation that’s never been described
before, and realizing you’ve found one
of the causes of cancer—not just for
an individual, but for an entire segment of the population.” ■
biotechnology and translational research
Visionary Journey
Once the stuff of science fiction, microscopic probes capable of navigating the human body
now exist—and may one day bomb cancer cells from within.
Photo: Martin Vloet
M
artin Philbert’s research
shows such promise for
the treatment of cancer
that when an article on
his work appeared earlier
this year in a University of Michigan
publication, strangers phoned Philbert
in the hope that he might be able provide a new therapy option for their
sick children. “I had to tell them the
work was only in the very early stages
of experimentation,” Philbert recalls.
“Those are tough conversations.”
With his colleague Raoul
Kopelman of the UM Department
of Chemistry, Philbert, an associate
professor of toxicology, is exploring a
brave new world of nanotechnology,
one that invites comparisons to Isaac
Asimov’s 1966 novel Fantastic Voyage.
In Asimov’s novel, a team of travelers
is reduced to microscopic size and
injected into the blood stream of a
brilliant scientist whose life is threatened by a cerebral blood clot.
In the labs where Philbert and
Kopelman work, microscopic beads
equipped with fluorescent monitors,
light-trapping agents, and chemical
components are fired into cells, where
they monitor responses to pathogens,
toxins, and carcinogens.
Philbert and Kopelman invented
these so-called nanosensors five years
ago. They’ve subsequently devised a
second class of nanoprobe, called a
nanoeffector, which is capable of
releasing deadly chemical “bombs”
inside malignant tumor cells, effectively killing tumors. Infinitesimal beads—
they occupy no more than a millionth
of the area of a cell, or 10 times the
width of a DNA helix—both nanosensors and nanoeffectors are a high-tech
SPRING/SUMMER 2001
blend of minute polymers synthesized
in Kopelman’s laboratories. He and
Philbert call the nanoprobes
PEBBLEs, for “Probe-Encapsulated
By Biologically Localized Embedding.”
Kopelman and Philbert are the only
people in the world making the
devices, which are under patent
through the University of Michigan.
The British-born Philbert, who
trained as a pianist and organist before
earning his doctorate in biochemistry
and neurochemistry, and who still performs as a church organist in his spare
time, credits the university as being
the “catalyst” for his pioneering collaboration with Kopelman. “They set it
up so we can really act as partners.”
Kopelman provides expertise in chemistry, Philbert contributes an indispensable knowledge of toxicology and
biology.
In 1992, Kopelman, the Kasimir
Fajans Collegiate Professor of
Chemistry, Physics and Applied
Physics, developed what were then the
world’s smallest fiberoptic sensors—
tiny enough to be pushed into a cell,
where they registered chemical activity.
But the fiber sensors proved both invasive to cells and time-consuming. Four
years later, Kopelman and Philbert
came up with the notion of using polymer chemistry to create a fiberless
device, or nanosensor, that can enter a
cell without damaging it or activating
its immune system.
A fluorescent dye placed inside
the nanosensor responds to a targeted
element, such as calcium or zinc,
within the cell. “You shine a light in,
usually blue,” Kopelman explains, “and
you get a green light out as fluorescence. The intensity and color of the
Shown here with vials of
their PEBBLEs invention in
fluorescent solution,
Martin Philbert, left, and
Raoul Kopelman are
exploring a brave new
world of nanotechnology.
19
20
Findings
light show you what is there, and the
color distribution tells you the chemical analysis in real time.” This novel
mini-sensing system lets researchers
measure a variety of things, including
the presence of a pathogen and its
interaction with the cell, and the
activity of a given drug within a cell.
Nanoeffectors carry the work
of nanosensors to the logical next
stage—they actually destroy cancer
cells by releasing what Kopelman and
Philbert call Killer Oxygen, a toxic
species of singlet oxygen, into the
cell. “Three percent of the oxygen
that is normally in our bodies is killer
oxygen,” says Philbert. “The oxidation
process it sets off causes aging and
disease processes. By harnessing and
directing this chemical reaction, we
have the potential for a direct, targeted treatment for cancer cells.”
Philbert and Kopelman are currently working to combine both sensor and killer PEBBLEs into a single
platform for use as a therapeutic
agent. The single platform would first
report its presence at a target site and
then be used in a different mode to
kill the targeted tumor.
In collaboration with Medical
School faculty members Brian Ross
and Alnawaz Rehemtulla, the two
researchers are testing the efficacy of
the PEBBLEs in targeting and killing
experimental brain tumors in rats. So
far, says Philbert, “there’s a fairly
good indication that they work. We’ve
given heroic doses to the rats, with
no obvious side effects.”
Where is all this leading?
Philbert’s eyes light up. If all goes
well, he says, in 20 years, a patient
under surveillance for cancer could
visit a doctor’s office where she might
drink an ordinary glass of orange
juice in which nanoprobes have been
suspended. She could then lie down
on an exam table under a special
scanner that would illuminate the
outline of any tumors. If tumors exist,
technicians could then focus a laser
beam on them and effectively zap the
malignant tissue.
“If all goes as planned,” Philbert
emphasizes. Meanwhile, the lab tests
continue. He and Kopelman hope to
have devices with clinical potential
ready in the next couple of years. ■
biocomplexity
Revealing Patterns
New technologies for disease prevention and treatment may prolong human life—but until we
understand how diseases spread, such progress may be negligible.
J
ust like the human body, the
human immune system weakens
with age. That being the case,
says James Koopman, professor
of epidemiology, it’s reasonable
to expect that as researchers in the
life sciences prolong human life by
solving other health problems, “more
and more of us will die from infectious agents.”
It’s an ironic twist. At the start of
the last century, infectious disease
was the leading cause of death in the
United States. By the end of the 20th
century, fewer than 5% of American
deaths were attributable to infectious
disease. Nevertheless, communicable
disease remains the largest single
burden of disease throughout the
world today, and in a post-genome era
poses renewed threats to American
health—with particular risks for children, older adults, and people of all
ages with immune deficiencies.
Koopman, who originally trained
as a pediatrician, is at work on the
problem. “Public health control of
more and more infectious agents is
going to play a bigger and bigger role
in increasing our life span,” he insists.
“I think the use of genomic data for
analyzing infection transmission
could be one of the most valuable
contributions of modern molecular
genetics to the health of mankind.”
For the past decade, Koopman
has focused his research efforts on
developing a theoretical science for
analyzing the transmission of infectious disease. To date, little is known
about the transmission patterns of
many of the most common diseasecausing organisms, including common
cold viruses. Once more is known,
health officials can make better decisions about how and where to focus
infection-control efforts.
As with other areas of the life
sciences, genetics is key. “When we
transmit an infection, we set up a
pattern of variation in the nucleotides
of genetic material. The variants
are what’s transmitted,” Koopman
explains. “We can look at infectious
agents as running around keeping a
record of where they’ve been because
of the patterns of changes.”
Admittedly, that record is a poor
one. It’s not accurate enough, for
example, to reveal the precise identity
of an individual who transmits a disease to another individual. But it is
sufficiently accurate so that Koopman
can determine which types of individuals are connected to other types, and
what the risk factors are—whether
a given disease is being transmitted
through water, for instance, or
through physical or sexual contact.
Backed by a grant from the
Environmental Protection Agency,
Koopman is currently at work on a
study of cryptosporidium, the waterborne parasite that caused an epidemic in Milwaukee a few years ago.
The EPA wants to know whether it’s
advisable to add a new treatment
called ozonization to the nation’s
existing water-treatment plan.
FALL/WINTER 2001
Koopman’s research can shed crucial
light on that multibillion-dollar decision.
In other projects, Koopman is
studying patterns of HIV transmission
in an effort to identify the best means
of detecting and treating the infection
and the most effective types of vaccines and vaccine-delivery programs.
He is also studying transmission
patterns for nontypable haemophilus
influenza, with the aim of improving
vaccine trials.
With each study, Koopman is
developing methodology for collecting
infectious agents from individuals
whose history (place of residence,
broad groups to which they’ve been
exposed) is obtainable. He is then
developing methods for analyzing
those agents in order to determine
what their nucleotide sequence says
about where they’ve been. It’s this
sequence that will ultimately enable
researchers to trace the pattern of
disease transmission.
The paradox, of course, is that in
order to understand the broadest possible health patterns in society, “we
have to go to the tiniest molecular
level,” Koopman says. “But these are
complex issues.” Indeed, biocomplexity is a hallmark of life-sciences
research today. As Mitchell Waldrop
writes in Complexity: The Emerging
Science at the Edge of Order and
Chaos, we’ve come a long way from
the “kind of linear, reductionist thinking that has dominated science since
the time of Newton—and that has
now gone about as far as it can go in
addressing the problems of our modern world.”
Unlike Newtonian physics,
which suggests that a multifaceted
world can be reduced to a few basic
laws, complexity theory proposes that
simple systems give rise to amazingly
complicated, unpredictable consequences. Today the Newtonian
model is obsolete. Researchers like
James Koopman are creating new scientific models for the 21st century.
Epidemiology graduate
student Sandi McCoy, a
trainee in the school's
Interdisciplinary Program
in Infectious Diseases,
prepares bacteria for
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a method
that ultimately yields a
molecular fingerprint.
21
22
Findings
One floor below Koopman, in
the original SPH building where
Thomas Francis Jr. oversaw field trials
for the Salk polio vaccine, Betsy
Foxman, professor of epidemiology, is
transforming Koopman’s theoretical
work into real-life practice by using
new genetic technology to understand another health threat peculiar
to our era: antibiotic resistance.
Foxman is tracking the prevalence of
antibiotic-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae among otherwise
healthy children attending day care
centers. Although people once thought
the bacteria would never develop
resistance, Foxman points out that in
the past decade it has become resistant to an entire class of drugs,
including penicillin and amoxocillin.
“Day care centers are wonderful
incubators,” Foxman says. “There are
lots of kids, who are of course notoriously poor at hygiene. And because
of societal pressure on parents to go
to work, children are prescribed lots
of antibiotics. An average of 30% of
otherwise healthy children carry
S. pneumoniae, a bacteria that can
cause ear infections and pneumonia,
in their nose and throat. An estimated
30% of these S. pneumoniae strains
“It’s like Columbus going across the sea and not knowing
what he was going to find.” — Betsy Foxman
will be resistant to one or more
antibiotics, and can be spread to
other individuals.”
During last year’s flu season,
Foxman collected throat cultures
from approximately 200 children
in day care centers throughout
Washtenaw County, Michigan.
In collaboration with colleague
Carl Marrs, she then used a new
technique called pulsed-field gel
electrophoresis to create molecular
fingerprints of the S. Pneumoniae
that had been isolated from the cultures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
produces a molecular fingerprint by
cutting the bacterial DNA into pieces
and sorting it by size. Because the
technology uses total, rather than
partial, chromosomal DNA, the technology yields more subtle characteristics. “It’s considered the gold standard
for molecular fingerprinting,” Foxman
explains.
Previous technologies, by
contrast, merely sorted bacteria into
strains using phenotypic characteristics. “You could have one kid with
two strains of pneumoniae, both
antibiotic-resistant, but genetically
unique, and we wouldn’t know it.
You wouldn’t be able to track an individual strain. You’d have to assume
everyone was carrying the same
strain—which is wrong. Or you’d say,
‘We don’t know.’ Which is where we
were.”
With pulsed-field gel technology,
Foxman and her colleagues can now
show decisively whether one strain or
multiple strains of antibiotic-resistant
S. pneumoniae are circulating in a
specific day care center, and whether
the same strain is found in all day
care centers. Ultimately, they’ll translate their findings into a plan for
reducing antibiotic resistance
throughout the state of Michigan.
Foxman’s novel work, like
Koopman’s, would not have been possible a decade or even five years ago.
She marvels at the revolution that’s
sweeping her profession. “It’s like
Columbus going across the sea and
not knowing what he was going to
find. Everything we do is new.” ■
life sciences, values, and society
Voices Heard
Advances in genetic research are raising profound legal, ethical, social, and cultural questions.
As one member of the community puts it, are we in danger of “messing with God”?
W
hen the Pandora of
Greek mythology
opened her notorious
box, she had no inkling
it would unleash the
trouble it did. For good reason,
researchers in the field of human
genetics are proceeding more warily.
The history of genetics research is
inextricably bound up with the history
of eugenics, a term coined by Francis
Galton in 1885 to refer to systematic
selective breeding—a concept Galton
and many after him embraced.
By 1900, eugenics was so popular
throughout Europe and the United
States that it was not uncommon to
hear ordinary citizens talk about the
need for “eugenic” marriages and “fitter families.” In the U. S., admirers of
the movement founded a laboratory in
Cold Spring Harbor, New York, dedicated to the study of eugenics. One
of the lab’s express aims was to create
a “good working-pedigree index of the
natural traits of a large portion of the
families of America.” By 1911, six
states had mandatory sterilization
laws on their books.
It wasn’t until the late 1930s,
when the horrors of Nazi eugenics
practice became known, that the
movement lost force in America.
But the troubling matter of genetic
discrimination did not go away.
In the 1970s, what began as a
well-intentioned public-health initiative to screen African Americans for
susceptibility to sickle-cell anemia
rapidly degenerated into a widespread
screening test for carrier status, or
sickle-cell trait. Dubious scientific
results were used as justification to
bar African Americans from certain
areas of employment, such as military
FALL/WINTER 2001
flight duty, in which sickle-cell trait
was considered a health risk. Legally
mandated testing programs deepened
the perception that the programs
existed merely to stigmatize African
Americans.
“The application of genetics
through eugenics is part of an ugly
period of public health history,” says
Toby Citrin, director of the school’s
Office of Community-Based Public
Health and principal investigator of
two closely linked studies designed to
address ethical and policy questions
arising from genetics research and
technology—and ultimately to yield
recommendations for government
and other policymakers.
Will people tested for certain
genes be discriminated against by
insurance companies or employers?
Will parents start producing designer
babies or even clone themselves?
Who will have access to the new
technology? Will this new information be used to discriminate against
people of color? How should policymakers respond to the flood of new
information and technology?
In a series of community-based
dialogue sessions staged first in
Michigan and later in both Michigan
and Alabama, participants in the studies discussed these and other issues.
“The essence of the dialogue process
is to create a setting where people can
come to an understanding of conflicting views,” Citrin explains. Mutual
respect is especially critical when
individuals from disparate backgrounds
and opinions debate such morally
explosive topics as stem-cell research,
prenatal genetic screening, and human
cloning (which one participant termed
“messing with God”).
23
24
Findings
physicians from the U. S. Public
Health Service denied 399 AfricanAmerican sharecroppers treatment
for syphilis so that officials could
document the natural progress of the
disease. According to the 1996 Syphilis
“The application of genetics through eugenics is part of
an ugly period of public health history.” — Toby Citrin
By subsequently connecting the
process to policymaking, notes Citrin,
“We have a much better way to deal
with policies where human and social
values play as big a role as they do in
genetics.”
Funded by the Ethical, Legal
and Social Implications Program of
the National Human Genome
Research Institute, both projects are
collaborative efforts that bring university and community members together
to determine how research results
can best address community needs.
Begun in 1997, the first of the two
studies took place in partnership with
Michigan State University and
involved demographically representative participants in seven communities
throughout Michigan.
The second project, launched in
1999 and due to end this fall, involves
researchers from Tuskegee University
in Alabama in addition to teams from
the UM and MSU. Tuskegee is the
site of the now-infamous study,
between 1932 and 1972, in which
Study Legacy Committee report, government authorities went to extreme
lengths to ensure that the men received
no therapy from any source, thus
endangering the health not only of the
men themselves, but of their families.
Citrin says the history of Tuskegee
came up “over and over” in dialogue
sessions during the second project,
whose primary participants were
African Americans and Latinos—
marginalized groups who typically
have little voice in genetics policymaking. Tuskegee is emblematic of
the African-American community’s
lack of trust in both the medical
establishment and the government.
Said one participant, “We’ve got to be
wary as to who’s going to be the guinea
pigs on this deal, and it’s probably
going to be us.”
In addition to issues raised during
the first, Michigan-based project—
including privacy, insurance discrimination, genetic testing, education,
and genetic research—participants in
the second project, “Communities of
Color and Genetics Policy,” focused
on three key areas: trust, a potential
revival of eugenics, and access to
new technologies
Specifically, participants worried
that in a “new version of eugenics,”
genetic research will be used to foster
traits that the dominant culture finds
valuable. The specter of Nazi Germany
loomed large. Some expressed concern
that the right to marry might eventually be affected by the existence of
detailed genetic information about
individuals. Another participant questioned the scope of genetic technology.
“It’s one thing to try to cure breast
cancer and another to come up with
the perfect child.”
Participants also discussed access.
Genetic research is likely to provide
powerful new tools to improve health,
but who will have access to them?
“Should we think of emerging genetic
technologies as a part of basic health
care?” one participant asked. “If our
tax money goes to the research, we
should have access to it,” suggested
another.
A number of specific recommendations emerged from the dialogues—
among them, that decisions to obtain
genetic testing should be strictly voluntary, that no one should be able to
access genetic information from an
individual without explicit written
consent from that individual, and
that the federal government should
guarantee affordable access to genetic
services for all.
Citrin and his colleagues will
share their findings at two state
conferences and during briefings in
Washington, D. C., with Congressional
staff members, key caucus leaders,
and members of the NIH and the
advocacy group Genetic Alliance.
Project findings were also distributed
at a fall legislators’ meeting sponsored
by the National Conference of State
Legislators.
“The recommendations which
result from these dialogues will be
very useful to legislators as we grapple
with these tough issues,” says
Michigan State Senator Alma
Wheeler Smith. “The community
responses will give us insight into the
values of our citizens. No special
interest group or legislative debate
can provide us with such grass-roots
insight.”
As a participant in the
“Communities of Color” project said,
“It goes back to knowledge once
again. We have to know what it is,
why it is, and where it is going, so
that we can try to address it. A few
voices heard are always better than
no voices at all.” ■
conclusion
A New Way of Working
J
ack Dixon can remember a time
in the 1960s when as a UCLA
undergraduate he used to daydream about how to sequence
DNA. “It was so hard to predict.
I thought maybe a mass spectrometer. We’d have to feed DNA in along
a grid, in a linear way.”
Twenty years earlier, Oswald
Avery had identified DNA, and a
decade after that Watson and Crick
had described its form. It was truly
the advent of an era. “Our parents
had no clue about what genetic information was,” Dixon reflects. “Our
aunts and uncles died from diseases
we don’t even have today, for all practical purposes.”
Now that scientists have
sequenced DNA, Dixon finds himself
wondering about other things. Are
there social genes? he asks. Are there
gregarious genes? How do you tackle
a mental disease? The Life Sciences
Initiative, he says, “stretches our
imagination.”
There’s no doubt that the
sequencing of the human genome is
an “epoch-marking event” with huge
implications for the future of public
health, says SPH Dean Noreen
Clark. “In time, studying interactions
between genes, and between genes
and the environment, will bring to
science a precision that the giants
who shaped the field of public
health, such as Michigan’s own
Thomas Francis Jr., could have only
hoped to achieve.”
But the environmental and
behavioral factors that contributed to
disease long before the advent of
genomics remain just as crucial today.
“In the midst of these extremely
exciting times, we have to be careful
FALL/WINTER 2001
about offering a promissory note that
can’t be delivered,” cautions the
Department of Epidemiology’s
George Kaplan. “What will happen
when that promissory note comes
due? Will these discoveries lead to
cures of the major public health ills?
In all likelihood the answer is no,
because the underlying molecular
and life-science pathways are just
part of the causal story. It’s unlikely,
for example, that the problem of
poverty and its link with ill health
will be solved by advances in the life
sciences. Ironically, some of these
advances may actually increase differences in health status between the
rich and poor, because the results of
these advances will in all likelihood
be more available to those who are
better off.”
Kaplan suggests that the challenge for public health “is to build
the bridge which links the social and
the biological and to develop prevention strategies which deal with both
the root causes of poor health as well
as the molecular mechanisms.”
“We’ll have to work in teams and
partnerships in ways we haven’t had
to work before,” says Dixon.
It is a world imagined new. And
just as we continue to learn from the
discoveries made by the painters and
sculptors and scholars who lived and
worked in Dante’s “vita nova,” so we
will long benefit from the work taking
place today in the laboratories of biologists, toxicologists, epidemiologists,
chemists, and statisticians. The
essence of human existence has been
revealed to us, and the world as we
knew it has changed. We are witnessing a renaissance. ■
25
Research Update
Women More Adversely Affected by Alcoholism Than Men
T
he daily lives of alcoholic women
are more adversely affected by
alcoholism than are the lives of
their male counterparts, according to
a study by Kyle L. Grazier, associate
professor of health management and
policy. Women with a history of alcoholism report greater problems with
physical and social functioning, more
bodily pain, and poorer
physical and mental health
than do men with the condition, according to data
Grazier and co-author
Kathleen Bucholz of
GRAZIER
Washington University
analyzed in a three-year, $2 million
study funded by the National
Institute of Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism.
Grazier and Bucholz tracked more
than 700 people initially interviewed
as part of a larger National Institutes
of Health study conducted 20 years
ago in five American cities.
In their study, Grazier and
Bucholz located three groups of
respondents from the St. Louis sample: those diagnosed in the original
study as stably alcoholic, borderline
alcoholic, and unaffected by alcohol.
They conducted interviews and
reviewed all medical and insurance
records for care received over a twoyear period. Grazier notes that their
approach is unique, because most
researchers examine alcoholics in
treatment centers. Grazier and
Bucholz looked at individuals in the
community who may or may not have
received treatment.
“We know very little about alcoholics in the general community,”
Grazier says. There have been no
other community-based longitudinal
studies that have followed individuals
for almost 20 years to examine the
long-term health-services effects of
alcohol use and abuse.
Women who were labeled stable
alcoholics showed greater effects on
their daily lives, including simple
activities such as walking and shopping, than men in that group. Grazier
and Bucholz are exploring reasons for
the disparity. Those reasons carry
implications for the way physicians
treat women and the ways that community-based programs educate people about the health risks of alcohol.
Grazier presented the study last
spring in Berlin at the First World
Congress on Women and Mental
Health. ■
Women with a history
of alcoholism report
greater problems
with physical and
social functioning,
more bodily pain,
and poorer physical
and mental health
than do men with
the condition
Ruth Mott Foundation Funds Community-Based
Work in Flint
T
he Office of Community-Based
Public Health in the School of
Public Health has received a sixyear grant of $960,000 from the Ruth
Mott Foundation. The grant will provide a variety of graduate and undergraduate internships and summer
enrichment opportunities with Flint
community-based health organizations.
While their principle focus will be
on the community-based educational
experiences provided to the students,
the grant programs also will provide
support to Flint-area communitybased organizations and health
service providers. ■
RECENT RESEARCH
FUTURE
Findings
The Health of Older Mexican
Americans: Patterns and Prevention
W
hile working as a neuropsychology fellow at the Alzheimer’s Center at
the University of California–Davis, Hector Gonzalez discovered that
none of the normative tests used in neuropsychology fit the profile of the
patients he was seeing. Gonzalez, now a research scientist in the SPH
Department of Epidemiology, was studying Mexican Americans. But the
normative data he had at his disposal were based almost exclusively on
white, middle- and upper-middle-class, mostly college-educated, mostly
female Americans. So with his colleague and principal investigator
Mary Haan, an associate professor of epidemiology at SPH, Gonzalez
GONZALEZ
embarked on a long-term study of the health of older Latino—primarily
Mexican—Americans. Now in its fourth year, the Sacramento Area Latino
Study on Aging is funded by the National Institute of Aging and involves approximately 1,800 Mexican Americans, ages 60 and up, who live in and around
Sacramento, California.
Most of the study participants have extremely low socioeconomic status.
Nearly half are U. S.–born and the rest come from elsewhere, chiefly Mexico.
On average, participants have had five years of
More than one in schooling.
Although the study is designed to evaluate the
four participants
subjects’
overall health, Gonzalez is looking princihave depressive
symptoms, roughly pally at depression. To date he has found that more
than one in four participants have depressive symptwice the
toms, roughly twice the prevalence of depression in
prevalence of
the general U. S. population. Gonzalez plans to narrow
depression in
his research to determine the effects of depression
the general U. S.
on cognition, specifically memory and learning.
He is also investigating the prevalence of
population.
dementia in the study population, especially as it
relates to both diabetes and hypertension, known risk factors for dementia.
The incidence of diabetes in the study cohort is extremely high—30% in adults
over 60, Gonzalez reports, as opposed to the rate in the general U. S. population,
which is about 20% in adults over 70.
The son of Mexican Americans who immigrated to the U. S. in 1950,
Gonzalez intends to conduct a similar study of the Mexican-American
population in southwest Detroit.
FALL/WINTER 2001
27
Hunger Linked to Poor
Health, Poor Academic
Development, and
Psychosocial Problems
in U.S. Children
O
ne of the objectives of the
federal government’s Healthy
People 2010 report is to
increase the food security of
American households—in other
words, to ensure that all families
have enough to eat. Two recent studies by Katherine Alaimo, MS, PhD,
a community health scholar at the
School of Public Health, call for
urgency in meeting this objective by
showing that children whose families
sometimes or often do not have
enough food to eat are more likely to
have poorer health and to experience
more frequent stomach aches and
headaches. Food-insufficient children
from 6 to 11 years old had lower
arithmetic scores and were more
likely to have repeated a grade, while
food-insufficient teenagers had more
psychosocial problems, such as difficulty in getting along with other
adolescents. After analyzing data
from the third National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Alaimo and her fellow researchers
concluded that “food security is a
critical component of child health
policy.” Alaimo’s findings appear in
the May 2001 issue of the American
Journal of Public Health and the July
2001 issue of Pediatrics. ■
28
Findings
Community-Based Study Aims to Identify Determinants
of Cardiovascular Disease
A
group of researchers led by Amy
Schulz, an assistant research
scientist in the Department
of Health Behavior and Health
Education, hopes to find the links
between cardiovascular disease and
a variety of factors, including socioeconomic status, physical
environment, and social
stressors. The five-year
Health Environments
Partnership (HEP) study
will take place in Detroit
SCHULZ
as part of the efforts of
the Detroit Community-Academic
Urban Research Center, known as
the Detroit URC.
Schulz points out that while there
is much research on cardiovascular
disease, a number of elements make
the HEP project unique. For one,
community members are involved in
every aspect, including the planning,
conceptualization and implementation of the study.
In addition, because the Detroit
URC is a collaborative partnership
between the School of Public Health
and community-based health organizations, the focus is not just on collecting data but on using the information collaboratively to create new
ways to address the health needs of
Detroit residents. A full two years
of the five-year project are likely to
focus on designing interventions,
Schulz said.
Researchers will investigate a
range of health determinants. The
study will focus on the presence of
airborne pollutants and such social
factors as the concentration of poverty
or affluence in neighborhoods and
social cohesion, as well as nutritional
factors.
Schulz said she is looking for
interrelationships among the factors.
Pollutants, for example, may boost
the likelihood of developing cardio-
Pollutants may boost the
likelihood of developing
cardiovascular disease,
and that risk is amplified
in people coping with
psychological stressors.
vascular disease, and that risk may
be amplified in people coping with
psychological stressors or reduced in
people with a strong social support
system. Although the research will
focus on Detroit, Schultz said it is
likely the findings will have implications for other urban environments
and beyond.
The $3 million project is funded by
the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, part of the
National Institutes of Health. ■
Book Says Government Has Obligation to Reduce Teen Smoking
T
his year, one million American
teen-agers will become smokers.
More than one in four of these
new smokers will someday die from
tobacco-related causes. By a wide
margin, tobacco is the most serious
threat to the lives and health of
American teen-agers.
Combating Teen Smoking:
Research and Policy Strategies, a new
book released last June,
offers findings demonstrating that anti-smoking programs can prevent young
people from starting to
smoke or get them to stop
JACOBSON
smoking, thus sparing
them the wide-ranging health effects
associated with the habit.
Combating Teen Smoking is written
as a guide for policy-makers and
communities on the front lines of
preventing youth smoking. It compiles
what is known about adolescents and
tobacco use, and highlights areas
where additional research is needed.
“Smoking is the leading—and
entirely preventable—cause of premature mortality and morbidity in
this country,” said lead author Peter
Jacobson, an associate professor in the
Department of Health Management
and Policy. “As evidence accumulates
that well-designed programs can
reduce tobacco use, the government
should not remain neutral.”
The authors recommend various
ways to help slow, or even reverse,
the recent rise in teen-age smoking.
Proven methods that states and communities might use include initiating
anti-smoking media campaigns based
on social marketing principles, raising
the price of cigarettes, using comput-
RECENT RESEARCH
ers to develop individualized smoking
prevention programs, and increasing
investment in smoking-cessation programs for both children and adults,
Jacobson said.
The book makes a case for
mounting a serious and comprehensive campaign to discourage youth
tobacco use, strongly advocating that
states and communities devote significant tobacco settlement resources to
expanding, improving, and evaluating
comprehensive tobacco prevention
and control activities.
“States and communities should
fund many diverse interventions,
including new innovations and programs, that may help reduce teen
smoking,” Jacobson said. “For example, a balanced program that deals
with both adults and adolescents is
likely to be more sustainable and
more effective than one targeted primarily at either adults or adolescents.
“We still have a lot to learn about
teen tobacco use, including the role
of genetic factors affecting smoking
cessation and the factors influencing
teens to move from trying tobacco
to becoming addicted. But we know
enough about peer and parental influences and how higher prices reduce
teen smoking, to support aggressive
anti-tobacco programs,” Jacobson said.
Besides Jacobson, authors of the
book include SPH faculty members
Paula Lantz, assistant professor of
health management and policy;
Kenneth Warner, the Richard D.
Remington Collegiate Professor and
director of the University of Michigan
Tobacco Research Network; and
Harold Pollack, assistant professor
of health management and policy.
Jeffrey Wasserman, a consultant
at the RAND Corporation, and
Alexis Ahlstrom, an analyst in the
Congressional Budget Office, are also
authors. Combating Teen Smoking is
published by the UM Press. ■
FALL/WINTER 2001
29
Anti-Bioterrorism Efforts Help Prepare for
Public Health Crises
M
atthew Boulton believes the
risk of a bioterrorism attack
in Michigan is small, but as
the state epidemiologist and a leader
in the state’s bioterrorism preparedness effort, he sees a number of benefits to establishing a statewide plan
of action.
For example, public health officials already have a monitoring system
in place to watch for such infectious
diseases as measles, hepatitis, E. coli, and listeria.
By strengthening that monitoring network to include
contact with public safety
and medical officials when
B O U LT O N
a health care provider sees
the first sign of specific symptoms
associated with bioterrorism, the state
also is better prepared to react to
the early signals of other
health crises such as a
pandemic or worldwide flu outbreak.
Boulton, a
clinical associate
professor of epidemiology at the
School of Public
Health, was a
featured speaker
at the Michigan
Conference on
Terrorism and Domestic
Preparedness conference last April
in Lansing. In his presentation,
“Bioterrorism: Public Health’s
Newest Challenge,” Boulton provided
an overview of the unique challenges
posed by building bioterrorism preparedness and response capacity into
Michigan’s public health system.
To determine what’s needed to
defend against bioterrorism, officials
must consider the many possible
ways such an attack could unfold,
Boulton said. Terrorists could
announce their actions in advance,
or they could covertly release an
infectious agent that would not be
discovered until people began to fall
ill. A disease such as smallpox is easier
to spread because it is communicable
and virtually everyone is susceptible,
while an agent such as anthrax would
harm only those who came into contact with it directly. Common to all
pathogens that are possible agents of
bioterrorism are high morbidity and
mortality rates from infection,
Boulton said.
“It’s important to place bioterrorism
in its proper place in the spectrum of
public health problems,” he added.
“It’s a theoretical risk and I think a
small risk. But do we need to be prepared? Yes.”
Boulton was the
principal investigator
for the proposal
resulting in the
1999 award of a
five-year grant
expected to
total at least
$3 million from
Electron micrograph
the Centers for
of smallpox virus
Disease Control
A disease such as smallpox
is easy to spread because it
is communicable and virtually
everyone is susceptible.
and Prevention to help the state plan
for bioterrorism. Now Boulton has
primary responsibility for building
Michigan’s public health bioterrorism
planning and response capacity. ■
30
Findings
NoteWorthy
A W A R D S , P U B L I C AT I O N S & O T H E R M I L E S T O N E S
Sherman A. James, the John P.
Kirscht Collegiate Professor of Public
Health and founding director of the
school’s Center for Research on
Ethnicity, Culture and Health, has
received the 2001 Alonzo
Smythe Yerby Award from
the Division of Public
Health Practice at the
Harvard University School
of Public Health. James
JAMES
delivered the Yerby
Distinguished Lecture at the award
ceremony in April. Alonzo Smythe
Yerby MD, MPH, was the first
African-American dean and department chair at the Harvard School of
Public Health. The Yerby award and
lecture recognize his life-long commitment to improving the community
welfare and life conditions of society’s
poorer members.
Patrice Somerville, administrator,
Department of Environmental
Health Sciences, and former administrator,
Department of Biostatistics,
is the first recipient of the
Distinguished Research
Administrator Award from
S O M E RV I L L E
the University of
Michigan Office of the Vice President
for Research.
In appreciation for his commitment
to the development of a more culturally and ethnically diverse campus
community, Harold W. Neighbors,
associate professor of health behavior
and health education, has received a
2001 Harold R. Johnson Diversity
Service Award from the University of
Michigan. In the late 1980s,
Neighbors helped initiate the Paul
Cornely Postdoctoral Fellowship
Program to increase the racial and
ethnic diversity of public health and
medical school faculty. He currently
serves as associate director
for research training for the
school’s Center for
Research on Ethnicity,
Culture and Health and is
involved in mentoring stuN E I G H B O R S dents of color through
Rackham’s Summer Research
Opportunity Program. Neighbors
recently obtained a National
Institutes of Health grant for a predoctoral training program for underrepresented minorities.
The University of Michigan has given
the emeritus title to Khalil Mancy,
professor of environmental health sciences, who retired from the SPH faculty last year after 35 years of service.
In granting him the title,
the Board of Regents noted
Mancy’s international
renown and his “wide
expertise in a variety of
fields, including water
resources and water quality
MANCY
management, pollution
control technology, marine pollution
prevention, environmental quality
monitoring, and toxic chemicals and
hazardous waste management.”
At this summer’s 2001 American
Industrial Hygiene Conference and
Exposition, doctoral candidate ChiaJung (Vincent) Lu’s presentation on
a state-of-the-art, microsensor-based,
indoor-air quality instrument was
selected as best paper of the Gas and
Vapor Detection Session. At the same
conference, doctoral candidate
Meng-Da Hsieh and master’s student Mark Huang received awards
for their posters describing work
toward the development of a beltmounted instrument for measuring
personal exposures to toxic vapors in
industrial environments. Doctoral student Megan McMaster received
this year’s George and Florence
Clayton Award from the American
Industrial Hygiene Foundation. A lecturer in the Witswatersrand
Technikon in Johannesburg, South
Africa, McMaster is attending
Michigan through support provided
by a Fogarty Research and Training
Grant. Master’s student Tim
Peterson received the 2001
Michigan Safety Council’s Industrial
Hygiene Scholarship Award.
Professor Ted Zellers, director of the
Occupational Health Program in the
Department of Environmental Health
Sciences, has been appointed to an
expert panel for the National Academy
of Sciences (NAS). Through the
National Materials
Advisory Board, an NAS
subsidiary organization,
Zellers will spend the next
year working with a team
of researchers from around
ZELLERS
the country to develop
guidelines for long-range electronic
and photonic materials research related to sensors for national security
applications.
For the past year, Betsy Foxman,
professor of epidemiology, has chaired
the American Public
Health Association’s
Epidemiology Section, the
largest group of epidemiologists in the world. This
past June, she organized the
FOXMAN
2001 Congress of
Epidemiology in Toronto.
RECENT RESEARCH
FUTURE
Findings
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome:
Can the Mystery Be Deciphered?
A
fter the first month of a newborn’s life, Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome, or SIDS, is the leading cause of infant
death in the United States. That alone is sufficient reason to
study the condition, says Harold Pollack, assistant professor
of health management and policy. But it’s not the only reason.
In the past decade, SIDS incidence has declined by more
than 40%, a phenomenon Pollack terms “one of the most
unexpected, successful, and cost-effective public health prevention efforts in recent memory,” and one that needs to be
“I was surprised at the tremendous
cultural resonance of infant sleep.”
— HAROLD POLLACK
understood if it is to serve as a model for preventing other
threats to infant health. To date, the chief causes of the
decline appear to be a sharp decrease in the number of
infants who sleep face-down and, to a lesser extent, a
reduction in maternal smoking during pregnancy.
The precise etiology of SIDS remains a mystery. A diagnosis
of SIDS is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion. “What it actually
is has been a matter of intense debate,” says Pollack.
FALL/WINTER 2001
A very small portion of SIDS cases are actually homicides,
and the prevalence of such deaths is another area of ongoing
research. There is also a close connection between SIDS and
maternal smoking during pregnancy, and this, too, needs to
be studied.
In collaboration with John Frohna of the University of
Michigan Department of Pediatrics, Pollack is researching
these and other aspects of SIDS. Their recent research
appears in the Journal of Pediatrics and other publications.
According to Pollack, the relatively “arcane” issue of SIDS
touches on every aspect of public health research and practice. The syndrome poses epidemiological and biostatistical
questions, such as whether the ten-year decline in SIDS is
real or merely reflects changes in vital statistics reporting.
On a policy level, SIDS prevention requires interventions to
change deeply rooted practices, not only smoking but also
such factors as the type of crib and bedding used for an
infant. SIDS prevention also necessitates policy responses to
parental substance abuse and to other risk factors for child
abuse. It raises important questions, as well, about the need
for culture and health behavior change.
“I was surprised at the tremendous cultural resonance
of infant sleep,” says Pollack. “What infants wear, whether
parents sleep in the same bed, who the parents listen to for
advice about these matters, the importance of getting a
good night’s sleep. There’s been very uneven take-up of the
‘back-to-sleep’ message. Non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics
have responded more quickly and easily than have African
Americans. The SIDS prevention community has more work
to do in effectively presenting the back-to-sleep message
to African-American parents. SIDS prevention must also
address infant-sleeping outside the home, especially in day
care settings.”
31
Alumni Network
1950s
In a ceremony last spring, the
Howard University Medical Center
named Bailus Walker Jr., PhD,
MPH ’59, a University Distinguished
Faculty Author for 2000. Walker, a
professor of environmental and occupational medicine at the university, is
the author of, most recently, three
chapters in the 5th edition of Patty’s
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology;
“Protecting Children from Lead
Poisoning,” in the American Journal
of Public Health; “Neurotoxicity in
Humans: A Comprehensive Review,”
in the Journal of Clinical and
Laboratory Medicine; and the
monograph Environmental and
Occupational Health: A Primer.
He is chair of the board of directors
of the Alliance to End Childhood
Lead Poisoning.
Robert E. Rowe, MD, MPH ’59,
has retired from his position as a
public health officer with
the St. Clair (Michigan)
County Public Health
Department. A past
president of the Michigan
Health Officer’s Association,
ROWE
Rowe lives in Gratiot,
Michigan. He is interested in
contacting other graduates of the
SPH class of 1959.
1960s
Now retired, Ruth Bonthron
Templin, MPH ’60, splits her time
between her home in St. Petersburg,
Florida, and the Midwest. She would
like to hear from SPH classmates.
The National Committee
for Quality Assurance has
given an inaugural Health
Quality Award to Gail
Warden, MHA ’62, president and chief executive
WA R D E N
officer of Henry Ford
Health System, in recognition of his
substantial and lasting contributions
to improving health care quality.
Warden was a key contributor to the
early development of NCQA and
served as the first chair of the organization’s board of directors. NCQA is
a private, non-profit organization
dedicated to improving health care
quality everywhere by recognizing
and rewarding high quality care and
service. Other recipients of the inaugural Health Quality Award were
U. S. Surgeon General David Satcher;
former U. S. Senator Nancy Kassebaum
Baker; and Robert Brook, vice president and corporate fellow of RAND
and director of RAND Health.
The International Atomic Energy
Agency has named Bruce B. Dicey,
MPH ’69, MS, to chair a working
group developing a new safety guide
for calibration and testing laboratories. The safety standard, scheduled
for publication in 2003, will serve as
an international consensus protocol
for implementing international quality
control and quality assurance standards in all areas of radiation protection. Dicey is chief of the U. S. Air
Force Center for Radiation Dosimetry,
which provides occupational radiation monitoring services to Air Force
personnel worldwide. He also serves
as one of six National Technical
Experts in Ionizing Radiation
Dosimetry. Dicey lives in San
Antonio, Texas, with his wife.
The American Industrial Hygiene
Association (AIHA) has named
Frederick M. Toca, MPH ’68,
PhD, one of nine new fellows.
Fellows are members who have made
significant contributions to
the practice of industrial
hygiene or related disciplines such as toxicology,
occupational medicine,
and health physics. Toca
TOCA
is president of Atlantic
Environmental Inc., Dover, N.J.
Founded in 1939, AIHA is the
world’s largest association of occupational and environmental health
professionals.
1970s
In recognition of his service and leadership, the Ferris State University
Alumni Association has named
Robert H. Scranton, MPH ’70,
a 2001 Distinguished Alumnus.
Scranton, who is currently director
of the Division of Community Health
in the Michigan Department of
Community Health, has devoted
more than 40 years to improving the
health of his community. In addition
to his work in health administration,
teaching, and research and planning,
Scranton serves on the Environmental
Health Curriculum Advisory committee of Ferris State. He manages the
Minority Health Program, which distributes funds to address such issues
as teen pregnancy, infant mortality,
heart and cardiovascular disease, and
cancer in minority populations where
disparities in health and health care
exist.
Roscoe M. Moore Jr., DVM, PhD,
DSc, MPH ’70, has received the first
Dean’s Award for his contributions
to the development of the National
School of Public Health (NSPH) in
Pretoria, South Africa. Moore, who
was recently appointed an adjunct
professor of epidemiology
at NSPH, is an associate
director for development
support and African affairs
for the Office of International
and Refugee Health,
MOORE
Office of the Secretary,
U. S. Department of Health and
Human Services, and an assistant
surgeon general, U. S. Public Health
Service. He has served as the executive secretariat of the health subcommittee of the U. S.– South Africa
Binational Commission.
ALUMNI NETWORK
33
Songs for Health
A fact-finding mission to Haiti reveals
a novel approach to health education
T
he 120-bed hospital in Léogâne was
no different from most hospitals in
Haiti. It had a bare cement floor,
missing window screens, buzzing flies, and
numerous beds without mattresses. The
electricity went off and on without warning. But to the doctors and nurses who
worked there, reports Suzanne Fleming,
MPH ’80, it was business as usual.
A research coordinator for a surgical
outcomes study at the University of
Michigan Health System, Fleming took
part last spring in a volunteer
fact-finding mission to the
Hôpital Sainte Croix, a private,
church-run hospital in
Léogâne, Haiti, some two
FLEMING
hours west of the capital, Portau-Prince. It was Fleming’s first visit to the
island nation, the poorest in the Western
Hemisphere, and it changed her “profoundly,” she says. But her most lasting
impression from the trip was not of poverty,
she insists. It was of the ingenuity of
Haitian health professionals, who despite
having “so little” to work with have
devised a unique system for health education among the rural poor—popular song.
“Every single health problem that
faces this country is dealt with through
song,” Fleming found.
During their stay, Fleming and her
fellow volunteers learned about the hospital’s innovative ajan sante (as it’s spelled
in Creole), or agents de santé (French
spelling), program, which uses Creole
songs, accompanied by simple black-andwhite illustrations, to teach health and
sanitation basics to the people of
Léogâne, most of whom cannot read.
The program’s approximately 150 hospitaltrained agents de santé, or health agents,
also conduct home visits and provide wellbaby clinics, immunizations, and familyplanning and nutritional consultations at
six outposts in the Léogâne community.
Individual agents de santé songs deal
with such topics as childbirth, infant nutrition, AIDS prevention, tetanus, and typhoid.
Fleming was struck by the songs’ ability to
capture “the fundamentals of health education in a few paragraphs. They’re way
ahead of us. We have to use screens and
slide projectors.” According to Fleming,
infant mortality has dropped 50% in the
region since the start of both the agents
de santé program and a midwifery program. Nationwide, the infant mortality
rate for Haitian children under one year
of age is 92 per 1,000 live births.
Fleming made the trip along with 11
other volunteer health professionals under
the sponsorship of the Medical Mission
Task Force of the First Presbyterian Church
of Ann Arbor. The group intends to continue
its Haitian work by providing the Hôpital
Sainte Croix with medical supplies, training funds, and perhaps a new generator,
and by returning to Léogâne in person.
“Every one of us is going back at some
point,” Fleming says. “It does that to you,
Haiti.”
A mother and child await care at a rural
health clinic sponsored by the Hôpital Sainte
Croix in Haiti.
“A Little Bit of Soap”
The following song, used to instruct residents
of Léogâne, Haiti, about basic equipment
needs for childbirth, appears in a medical education manual published by the international
relief organization CARE, which has recently
focused its efforts in Haiti on community
development and health education to improve
children’s health. The introduction of clean
cord-cutting techniques during childbirth has
significantly reduced the rate of tetanus in
Haitian infants.
Yon jilèt tou nèf
Yon to bout savon
Yon bon bout fil, pwòp
Yon moso twal pwòp
Pa bliye chache dlo pwòp mèt nan kay la
A brand new (Gillette!) razor
A little bit of soap
A good, clean piece of string
A clean piece of material
Don’t forget to get clean water to keep in
your house
Translated by Victoria Yeghoyan
"Every single health problem that faces this country is dealt with through song."
FALL/WINTER 2001
Findings
34
FUTURE
Findings
Plant-Based Foods: A Key to the Prevention
of Vascular Disease and Cancer?
I
During the course of the U-M study, Kannan will feed blackncreasingly, researchers are recognizing the crucial role that
bean products to healthy volunteers. She will then collect blood
micronutrient folate plays in human health. Various studies
samples from the volunteers at sequential time points in order
have demonstrated the links between optimum folate nutrito measure biomarkers of folate status. Later, Kannan will
tional status and a decreased risk of various forms of vascular
disease and certain cancers. When ingested during pregnancy, conduct a more broad-based study with individuals at risk for
colon cancer, in an effort to determine whether black-bean
folate also appears to lessen the risk of neural tube defect in
consumption helps reduce colon polyps.
infants. Folate occurs naturally in such foods as dried beans,
asparagus, and strawberries, and is frequently ingested, as
well, through supplements and fortified food products containing folic acid.
Although black beans are known to be an excellent source
of folic acid, there has been no research to date on the efficiency of black bean folate in increasing plasma or bloodfolate levels in humans, and subsequently reducing plasma,
homocysteine, and DNA damage—potential risk factors in
vascular disease and some cancers. Recently, though,
Srimathi Kannan, an assistant professor of human nutrition
in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, launched
a study aimed at determining the effectiveness of the consumption of black beans in increasing blood folate levels.
The study, which Kannan expects to complete by the end of
2001, is funded partially by the Michigan Bean Commission.
The state of Michigan is the nation’s largest producer of
black beans.
Because she is especially interStudies have demonstrated the links between optimum
ested in how food processing and
folate nutritional status and a decreased risk of various
diet matrix influence health status,
forms of vascular disease and certain cancers.
Kannan is studying both canned and
freeze-dried beans, in addition to
A specialist in micronutrient availability, Kannan is particudried beans prepared by conventional means. Using an animal
larly interested in nutrition education in cross-cultural commumodel, Kannan and co-researchers from Purdue University
nity settings, especially those with populations vulnerable to
have recently shown that select food-processing technologies
sub-optimal nutritional status.
increase zinc bioavailability from black beans grown in Costa
Rica. “The idea is to look at different varieties of beans,” she
explains.
ALUMNI NETWORK
After 30 years as a professor of health administration
at universities in Illinois
and Florida, Nicholas D.
Richie, PhD ’72, has
RICHIE
retired. He was recently
promoted to professor emeritus at
Florida Atlantic University in Boca
Raton, where he served on the faculty
for the past 21 years. Richie is coauthor of Human Services and the
Marginal Client (Charles Thomas,
2000).
Having recently moderated a
session and given a presentation
on “Selecting a Management
Information System for a Local
Health Department,” Steven C.
Gold, MPH ’75, Deputy Health
Officer for Macomb County Health
Department in Mt. Clemens,
Michigan, comments, “It’s emotionally gripping subject matter like this
which reminds me why I went into
public health in the first place.” On
a more serious note, Gold points out
that a large number of local health
departments are currently in the
process of changing their management information systems.
Richard Douglass, MPH ’71, PhD
’74, professor of health administration at Eastern Michigan
University, is spending the
2001–2002 academic year
at the University of
Ghana, Accra, Ghana,
as a Fulbright Scholar.
DOUGLASS
During his stay in Ghana,
Douglass is teaching courses at the
university’s School of Public Health
and Department of Community
Medicine, and with his wife and
co–principal investigator, Brenda
McGadney-Douglass, is researching
the determinants of survival of young
malnourished children who have had
Kwashiorkor, a condition resulting
from inadequate protein intake. “We
have determined that a key factor in
the survival of such children has
FALL/WINTER 2001
been the availability of grandmothers
and great-grandmothers to the (typically) single mothers of the malnourished children,” Douglass reports.
By analogy, this inter-generational
relationship may be relevant to other
problems in sub-Saharan Africa, most
critically, HIV/AIDS orphans. “We
hope to extend the research to these
associated and analogous target
populations while in Ghana,” says
Douglass.
Catherine Gillespie, JD, MPH ’74,
is a partner in the business department of the Philadelphia law firm
Montgomery, McCracken,
Walker & Rhoads, LLP. A
specialist in health care law
with a particular focus on
long-term care facilities
and corporate and tax law
GILLESPIE
issues affecting nonprofit
organizations, Gillespie has also
worked on regulatory-compliance,
medico-legal, and other issues.
Andrew Allen White, MPH ’75,
PhD ’80, director of the Committee
on National Statistics, National
Academy of Sciences, has been
named a Fellow of the American
Statistical Association. In announcing
the award, the association cited
White’s “innovation in the design and
execution of health care surveys; contributions to the improved display of
statistical information; and instigation
and direction of research to inform
public policy for professional service.”
The American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons has named
Marilyn Weisberg,
MPH ’76, director of its
Department of Research
and Scientific Affairs. Most
recently a senior health
policy analyst, Weisberg
WEISBERG
joined the academy in
1990. In her new position, she will
oversee the survey and informationanalysis unit as well as the biomed-
35
ical research and regulation unit. She
will also direct the collection of data
on musculoskeletal conditions, on
the orthopedic work force, and on
membership practice. Prior to joining
the academy, Weisberg served as
director of medical practice and legislation at the American Academy of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
in Chicago.
Charles D. Treser, MPH ’76,
coauthored the study “Hospital
Preparedness for Victims of
Chemical or Biological Terrorism” in
Journal of Public Health. Treser is on
the faculty of the School of Public
Health and Community Medicine,
University of Washington.
Larry Gephart, MPH ’79, has
embarked on a nine-month assignment as a European toxicology advisor in the ExxonMobil Product
Stewardship and Regulatory Affairs
Section in Machelen, Belgium. In
this capacity, Gephart will provide
support to the hydrocarbon fluids and
lubricants and petroleum specialties
business groups.
1980s
Arthur’s Place® of Plymouth,
Michigan, is the recipient of Fitness
Management magazine’s 2000
Nova7Award for outstanding innovation in the area of exercise programming, and specifically for its role in
helping people with arthritis and connective tissue diseases experience the
benefits of exercise. Chris Allen,
MHSA ’80, is president of Arthur’s
Place®.
Alexander C. Wagenaar, PhD ’80,
coauthored the study “Lowered Legal
Blood Alcohol Limits for Young
Drivers: Effects on Drinking, Driving,
and Driving-after-Drinking Behaviors
in 30 States” in the May 2001 issue
36
Findings
FUTURE
Findings
New Genetic Tools for Understanding
Colorectal Cancer
W
hy do some individuals who are diagnosed with early-stage colorectal
cancer die, while others who are diagnosed with a late stage of the
disease live? The evidence points primarily to one answer: genes.
In an effort to understand gene-environment interactions in patients with
colorectal cancer, Stephen Gruber, assistant professor of epidemiology, SPH, and
assistant professor of internal medicine, U-M Medical School, is conducting a population-based, case-control study of 4,200
individuals in northern Israel. Funded by the
National Institutes of Health, the study is
designed to “subset” colorectal cancer by
identifying the genetic and environmental
contributions to colorectal cancer in the
population.
The project has expanded to include an
additional NIH–funded study, the Molecular
Classification of Cancer Project, which is
aimed at developing better tools for identifying and classifying distinct types of colorectal
cancer. In this project, Sharon Sun, an assistant research scientist in the Department of
Biostatistics, is using affymetrix chips, a new
type of gene-expression microarray technology,
to measure the gene-expression level in tissue samples from each of two colon
cancer types, microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI).
To date, Sun and her fellow researchers have identified 33 genes that appear
to be significant in distinguishing between the two cancer types. The remaining
genes constitute “noise.” Because the data from the 51 tumors that have been
studied are so rich, with 7,129 genes per chip, Sun and her team are working to
develop a “robust” method of gene analysis that will screen out the noise and
focus on the genes significant to the study. In subsequent phases of the project,
Sun hopes to identify other traits, such as variability, that characterize the genes
in question, and to determine whether pairs of genes have higher or lower correlations in different patient groups. The ultimate goal of this study and the larger
colorectal study, says Gruber, is to identify the key elements that regulate the
behavior of colorectal cancer and to develop drugs capable of activating or
deactivating those elements.
of the American Journal of Public
Health. Wagenaar is on the faculty of
the University of Minnesota School
of Public Health.
Sandra Austin Crayton, MPH ’80,
has been elected to the board of
directors of Gambro AB, an international medical and health care technology
firm specializing in renal dialysis services. Austin Crayton is president and
CEO of PhyServ LLC, of Atlanta,
Georgia, an information services
company that provides billing, collections, and receivables management
services to physicians and hospitals.
She was previously president of
Physician Management Services for
NDC Health Information Services;
president of Sedona Healthcare, Inc.;
and president of Physician Services
of Caremark.
Last December, Doan Hansen,
MPH ’81, PhD ’86, received Vice
President Al Gore’s Hammer Award
honoring Hansen’s “contribution to
building a government that
works better and costs
less.” An industrial and
public health researcher
at the U. S. Department
of Energy’s Brookhaven
HANSEN
National Laboratory,
Hansen serves on the National
Advisory Committee for Acute
Exposure Guideline Levels for
Hazardous Substances (AEGL).
Since 1994, AEGL has been developing guidelines for exposures to acutely hazardous airborne chemicals. In
addition to his role on the advisory
committee, Hansen is the technical
program coordinator for the
Department of Energy’s Office
of Emergency Management’s
Subcommittee on Consequence
Assessment and Protective Actions,
vice chairman of the Emergency
Response Planning Guideline
Committee of the American
Industrial Hygiene Association, and
an editorial panelist for both the
ALUMNI NETWORK
Only the very wealthy can use
their wills to make charitable gifts.
Right? Wrong.
Will
Power
Bequests are a critical source of support for the School
of Public Health. Please remember the school as you
plan your estate.
Your gift will make a difference. Forever.
When including the School of Public Health in your
will, we suggest the following language:
“I give and devise to the Regents of the University
of Michigan, a Michigan constitutional corporation,
for the benefit of the School of Public Health,
A)
the sum of _____; or
B ) a portion of my estate totalling _____%
thereof; or
C ) the following described real estate or
personal property _____ to be used by
said corporation at its discretion; or
D ) all (or _____%) of the residue of my estate,
both real and personal property of whatever
kind and wheresoever situated, which I may
own or have the rights to dispose of at the
time of my death.”
For additional information,
or to learn how to make
a specific designation to a
department or program within
the School of Public Health,
please call the school’s Office
of Development and External
Relations at 734.764.8093.
Call us to explore other
estate planning options as
well, such as charitable
remainder trusts, lead trusts,
or a donor-pooled income
fund.
37
World Health Organization and the
International Program on Chemical
Safety. During a ceremony at the
National Academy of Sciences in
January 2001, Hansen received an
Outstanding Contributions Award
from the Office of Environmental
Protection Agency Administrator
Carol Browning.
Judith R. Qualters, PhD, MPH
’82, coauthored the article
“Subgroup-Specific Effects of
Questionnaire Wording on
Population-Based Estimates of
Mammography Prevalence” in the
May 2001 issue of the American
Journal of Public Health. Qualters
works with the Division of
Environmental Hazards and Health
Effects, National Center for
Environmental Health, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
Sara Holmes, MPH ’85, has
received the South Central Michigan
Alzheimer’s Association
2001 Distinguished
Service Award. The
award honors Holmes’s
exemplary service and
long-lasting contribution
HOLMES
to the association.
Holmes joined the association’s board
of directors six years ago and currently
chairs the board.
Becky Hayes, MPH ’87, is a senior
reimbursement manager with Aventis
Pharmaceuticals in Long Valley, New
Jersey.
Dolores J. Katz, MPH ’89, PhD
’95, coauthored the study “An
Assessment of the Ability of
Routine Restaurant Inspections to
Predict Food-Borne Outbreaks in
Miami–Dade County, Florida” in
Journal of Public Health. Katz is with
the Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida
Department of Health, Miami.
38
Findings
1990s
Boston Scientific Corporation has
selected Randel Richner, MPH ’90,
to head its newly formed
Federal Affairs Group,
which recently opened in
conjunction with the company’s Federal Affairs
Office in Washington, D.C.
RICHNER
Richner, vice president of
reimbursement and outcomes planning for the corporation, will prioritize
and direct the Federal Affairs Group.
She also represents Boston Scientific
on the payment committees of
AdvaMed and the Medical Device
Manufacturers Association, and is the
sole industry representative on the
executive committee of the Medicare
Coverage Advisory Committee.
Dorene Samuels Markel, MS,
MHSA ’91, has received the 2001
University of Michigan Distinguished
Research Administrator Award. The
administrative director of the U-M
General Clinical Research
Center, Markel is president-elect of the Society of
Administrative Managers
and serves on both the
Institutional Review Board
MARKEL
for the U-M Medical
School and on the Ethics Committee
of the National Society of Genetic
Counselors.
After nearly a decade as a research
psychologist with the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, Linda Goldenhar, PhD ’91,
has joined the Institute for Health
Policy and Health Services Research
at the University of Cincinnati.
Liz O’Dair, MD, MPH ’91, is
completing her family practice
residency at Grant Medical Center
in Columbus, Ohio.
In recognition of her outstanding
contributions, achievements, and
devotion to the environmental health
profession, the Georgia Environmental
Health Association (GEHA) has
awarded its Environmentalist of the
Year Award for 2001 to Jane Perry,
MPH ’92. Perry currently chairs
GEHA’s editorial, web site, and grant
applications committees. As program
manager for the Chemical Hazards
Program of the Georgia Division of
Public Health, in Atlanta, Perry investigates the nature and extent of exposures to hazardous substance released
into the environment, and helps provide residents throughout the state
with both community education and
technical assistance on hazardous
substances and the potential health
effects from exposure. GEHA is the
Georgia affiliate of the National
Environmental Health Association.
Brian Ellison, MPH ’93, has moved
into a new position as quality assurance manager with BlueCross and
BlueShield of North Carolina.
Previously he worked in product
development, where he served on a
team that helped develop a new suite
of group insurance products with customer-focused features. Ellison also
developed Blue Points, a physical
activity incentive program that incorporates “a lot of the things I learned
at SPH,” he reports.
Health. McCullough is chief of the
Cardiology Section, Truman Medical
Center, University of Missouri–
Kansas City School of Medicine.
James B. D’Arcy, PhD ’94, has
received the 2000 Frank Patty Award,
given annually to a General Motors
employee who has made a significant
contribution to the GM Industrial
Hygiene Program. D’Arcy, who works
in the General Motors Research and
Development Center, received the
award in recognition of his outstanding
contributions to the industrial hygiene
profession, his support of the GM
Industrial Hygiene Program, and his
leadership in representing GM to the
government and others outside of GM.
Currently a resident in internal
medicine at Massachusetts General
Hospital (MGH), Charles Holmes,
MD, MPH ’95, has recently been
accepted into an infectious-disease
fellowship program at MGH and
Harvard, to start in 2003. Holmes
became interested in infectious disease while serving as a research associate in the World Health Organization’s
Global Tuberculosis Program shortly
after completing his MPH.
Greg Erber, MHSA ’93, is vice president of ambulatory services and business development for Saint Vincent
Catholic Medical Centers of New
York, in Staten Island.
Qing Zhang, MD, MS ’96, coauthored the article “Depression and
Substance Use in Minority MiddleSchool Students” in the May 2001
issue of the American Journal of
Public Health. Zhang is on the faculty
of the University of Texas–Houston
School of Public Health, Center for
Health Promotion and Prevention
Research.
Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH
’94, co-authored the article
“Underuse of Invasive
Procedures among
Medicaid Patients with
Acute Myocardial
Infarction” in the July
2001 issue of the
MCCULLOUGH
American Journal of Public
Leslie G. Bluman, MPH ’96, is a
clinical research coordinator in the
Breast Oncology Center at the DanaFarber Cancer Institute in Boston,
Massachusetts. She recently became
project manager for a multicenter
study entitled “Psychosocial outcomes
and Health Behaviors among Women
Diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma in
ALUMNI NETWORK
39
From “Dialing for Dollars” to “Ghostbusters”
How one SPH alum is transforming American health care
A
t best, Richard Ronder, MPH ’77,
was an unconventional candidate
when he applied to the School of
Public Health in 1975. He held a bachelor’s degree in English and had worked
as a merchant seaman, a fireman, and a
paramedic. He says he’ll never forget the
conversation he had with Scott
Simonds, then-professor of
health behavior and health
education, who interviewed
Ronder as part of the admisRONDER
sions process. “We’ve really
never quite seen an application like
yours,” Simonds told Ronder. “And I said,
well, I’ll reserve judgement as to whether
that’s good news or bad news,” Ronder
recalls, and laughs. “You can imagine—
they’re getting highly qualified candidates
with health backgrounds, and here’s this
guy who is quite unusual, at best!”
But there was clearly more to Ronder
than his bachelor’s degree or seafaring
experience suggested, and Simonds recognized it. Ronder was accepted into the
Department of Health Behavior and Health
Education in 1975 and two years later
graduated with his MPH.
Less than a decade later, in 1984,
Ronder founded Columbus Medical
Services, a national company that uses an
interdisciplinary approach to provide professional clinical staffing and consultation
services to agencies serving people with
disabilities. “Literally, it started in my
basement with me dialing for dollars,”
Ronder says. “And as of this year, we’ll
have worked with more than 150 agencies
in 44 states, serving individuals with disabilities.”
Columbus Medical Services fills a
unique niche in American health care.
In addition to supplying contract clinical
staff to centers that provide services to
people with developmental disabilities,
such as mental retardation and mental illness, Columbus was one of the first organizations to establish professional practice
guidelines in the disabilities industry.
A number of states, including California,
Tennessee, and Texas use best-practice
and peer-review systems developed with
Columbus for establishing clear practice
standards and measuring the quality of
the services being provided.
Columbus has also provided extensive
services to help states meet the requirements of federal regulatory programs, or
to maximize federal financial participation.
As Ronder points out, this is a critical
issue because failure to comply with these
regulations and quality benchmarks can
result in the loss of millions of federal
dollars per month. “The quality issues and
loss of federal financial participation
dollars gets people’s attention,” he says.
“When they look around for help, we’re
the ghostbusters.”
Ronder’s wife, Chris, a special education teacher who has a brother with
Down’s Syndrome, was instrumental in
the decision to launch Columbus. Ronder
recalls how he and Chris “did the entrepreneurial thing in 1984. We had a big mortgage and two little kids, and we just quit
our jobs.” Happily, they survived the initial
struggles, and the gamble paid off.
His years at SPH taught him two critical
things, Ronder remembers. “It sensitized
me to systems thinking. And it demystified
health care.” Ronder considers the latter
the most important function of the public
health field. “We’re the front line of advocacy for consumers in the health care setting—but it’s a knowledgeable advocacy.
I think that’s the biggest public health
asset. If you understand what’s going on,
then you can ask the right questions.”
An active member of the Dean’s
Advisory Council and a generous friend
to the school, Ronder is deeply committed
to “giving back” to SPH—in part because
of what the school has done for him, and
in part “because somebody—i.e. Scott
Simonds, the other pivotal character in
my life, besides my wife, Chris—took a
chance on someone who clearly did not fit
the profile, and that was very positive for
me personally in my life. It’s important not
to forget the ‘before’ when you’re in the
‘after.’ And I think it’s very important to
give back.”
"We did the entrepreneurial thing," Ronder recalls. "We had a big mortgage and two little kids, and we just quit our jobs."
FALL/WINTER 2001
40
Findings
Situ (DCIS),” sponsored by the
National Cancer Institute SPORE
program. Bluman has twice participated in the Pan-Massachusetts
Challenge, a 192-mile bike ride from
Sturbridge to Provincetown. The event
is a fundraiser for cancer research.
The March 2001 issue of the Bulletin
of the World Health Organization features a paper on the cost-effectiveness of ocular infection control in
Nepal by Kevin D. Frick, PhD ’96.
Frick also has two papers forthcoming in Opthalmic Epidemiology.
Michael Brandt, DrPH ’97, of Los
Alamos National Laboratories, New
Mexico, has been elected treasurer
of the American Industrial Hygiene
Association.
Larissa Zoot, MPH ’97, is an Early
Head Start specialist with the
Department of Health and Human
Services in Boston, Massachusetts.
2000s
Christina Welter, MPH ’00, works
with the Tobacco Control Program
at the Cook County Department of
Health, Chicago.
As an associate policy analyst with
RAND in Santa Monica, California,
Lisa Shugarman, PhD ’00, is working on a number of projects related to
health policy for the aging population,
including a project for the Health
Care Financing Administration that
examines the influence of rural
Medicare payment policy on access
to and utilization of services.
Patrick J. Miller, MHSA ’00, is an
organizational integrity coordinator
with St. Joseph Mercy in Oakland,
Michigan.
FUTURE
Findings
Youth Violence: Risks and Resiliency
M
arc Zimmerman, professor of health behavior and health education, has
devoted more than a decade to the study of adolescent health, development, and resiliency. “How do kids with risks succeed?” Zimmerman asks.
“Research suggests that mothers, fathers, and other adults acting as mentors
play a significant role.”
A father of two himself, Zimmerman is the principal investigator for the Flint
Adolescent Study, which aims to identify the protective factors associated with
adolescent problem behaviors. The study, funded by the National Institute on Drug
Abuse, has tracked a group of adolescents
since 1994. Using a questionnaire,
Zimmerman and his colleagues have
sought to identify both risk factors that
predict drug use, violent behavior, risky
sexual behavior, and school failure, and
those factors that can mitigate the negative outcomes of such risks. The research
team is now following the adolescent
group into young adulthood in order to
study factors associated with healthy development during the transition to work,
intimate relationships, family formation, and additional education or training.
Zimmerman and his colleagues have hypothesized three sets of resiliency, or
protective, factors that appear to reduce problem behavior in adolescents: social
support and positive social influences; meaningful involvement in school, community,
and/or church activities; and psychological well-being. Among these protective factors, Zimmerman says, adults are key. Fathers, in particular, play a crucial role in
helping children of both genders negotiate the risks associated with adolescence.
The Flint findings are consistent with national data.
Findings from the study have been used to develop two intervention projects
with which Zimmerman is involved. The first, the Prevention Research Center of
Michigan, includes a demonstration project on fathers and sons, which focuses
on enhancing the father-son bond as a means of preventing problem behavior and
improving school outcomes. The second project, the Youth Violence Prevention
Center in Flint, Michigan, is a community-based project aimed at developing,
implementing, and monitoring comprehensive strategies to help prevent youth violence and promote healthy development. Both projects are funded by the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention.
Zimmerman is also collaborating on two related international projects, a study
of adolescent sexuality in Cuba and a study of youth violence in Durban, South Africa.
Life sciences at the
Our commitment to the life sciences and related fields has long distin-
UM SPH
At the forefront
guished the School of Public Health as a pioneer in the development of
public health research, practice, and teaching. Our faculty, students,
and alumni conduct basic laboratory studies on viruses, parasites, and
toxins; derive new techniques for analyzing data on health and disease;
design community-wide epidemiological studies to track emerging diseases; develop intervention strategies to alter behavior that predisposes
individuals to health risks; and formulate policy that gives
greater access to health care and prevention services. We
have been working to improve the public’s health for more
than a century. We look forward to the next hundred years.
April 12, 1955
Professor Thomas
Today The genetic
Francis Jr. (top left)
revolution has
of the University of
researchers around
Michigan School of
the world searching
Public Health, who
for genetic compo-
led the nationwide
nents or causes for
field trials for the
disease. Dr. Michael
Salk polio vaccine,
Boehnke (far left),
stepped up to the
director of the School’s
podium in Rackham
Center for Statistical
Auditorium and
Genetics, is a leader
announced to the
in the development of
world that the polio
statistical methodology
vaccine developed
for mapping these
by his former post-
so-called “disease
doctoral student
genes.”
Jonas Salk (top right)
was “safe, effective,
and potent.”
42
Findings
In Memoriam
. . .
Emma W. Wheeler, MSPH ’38
September 22, 2000
Hazel H. Fowler, MPH ’51
January 25, 2001
Geraldine D. Shelton, BSPHN ’59
March 3, 1995
Robert A. Downs, DDS, MSPH ’40
December 11, 2000
Mary P. Simmons, BSPHN ’51, MS ’52
February 13, 1995
Georgia A. Schantz, MPH ’60
January 11, 1996
Minnie K. Oed, MSPH ’40
February 1, 1984
Paul Doricko, MPH ’52
May 1, 2001
Kenneth R. Wilcox Jr., MPH ’60, DrPH ’63
June 15, 2001
Steve Remias, MSPH ’41
December 19, 2000
Geraldine E. Geis, MPH ’52
August 9, 1999
Wilda A. Miller, MPH ’61
July 30, 1994
Elizabeth E. Harvey, MSPH ’41
January 1, 1991
Annie I. Sedelmaier, BSPHN ’52
August 19, 2000
Roy Henry Reger, DDS, MPH ’62
May 28, 2000
William P. Kroschel, DDS, MPH ’42
April 8, 1996
H. Eva Barnes, MPH ’53
October 1, 1977
Jack Jenks Stockton, PhD ’62
March 10, 2001
Mildred E. Cardwell, BSPHN ’44
October 1, 1973
Garnett H. DeHart, MPH ’53
July 26, 1999
Julia H. Allen, MPH ’63
July 24, 1992
Bernardine Cervinski, MPH ’45
February 8, 1999
Anna Jane Rolfe, MPH ’53
February 27, 1997
Isabelle M. Clifford, MPH ’64
January 10, 1998
Helen C. Williams, MPH ’46
September 2, 1997
Anne Foy Thomas, BSPHN ’53
January 1, 1985
Verna B. Cole, BSPHN ’64, MPH ’67
October 31, 1997
Margaret J. Chanin, DDS, MPH ’47
January 21, 2001
Annabel Griffith, MPH ’54
June 25, 2000
John F. Finklea, MD, MPH ’64, DrPH ’66
December 22, 2000
Gertrude J. Davis, BSPHN ’47
May 15, 1995
Alton Moody Brown, MPH ’55
August 1, 1999
Waldo Esparza-Gonzalez, MD, MPH ’64
November 6, 1996
Mabel L. Johnson, BSPHN ’47
August 16, 1998
Maxine L. Selim, BSPHN ’55
June 5, 2001
Marion Matthews, RN, BSPHN, ’64
April 13, 1996
Mildred I. Lavizzo, BSPHN ’47
December 28, 1996
John Jay Godisak, DVM, MPH ’56
December 30, 2000
Muriel R. James, MPH ’65
March 30, 1998
Richard A. Morrissey, MPH ’47
January 22, 2001
Lawrence E. VanKirk, DDDS, MPH ’56
August 8, 1992
Gity M. Fateh, MPH ’67
November 24, 1998
Charles M. Davidson, MPH ’48
March 4, 1999
Beryl G. Becker Bates, MPH ’57
December 5, 2000
Richard C. Godfrey, DDS, MPH ’68
September 6, 1999
Irene Martha Lewis, BSPHN ’48
July 1, 1982
William H. Braatz, MPH ’57
November 26, 1996
Leonard J. Brooks, MPH ’69
January 9, 2001
Earl A. Rogers, MD, MPH ’48
July 4, 2000
Ray Clifton Smith, MPH ’57
October 6, 1994
Heidi L. M. Edmonston, MPH ’70
April 9, 2000
Alice B. Winter, MPH ’48
March 4, 2000
Jean M. Dietrich (Avery), BSPHN ’58
April 1, 1977
Eugene L. Hooyman, MPH ’72, PhD ’75
February 26, 2000
Mary Carolyn Fry, BSPHN ’49
February 28, 1997
Helen E. Farrington, MPH ’58
September 2, 1998
Kathleen M. Hughes, MM, MPH ’73
October 22, 2000
L. Naidiene Kinney, MPH ’49
October 23, 1999
Helen L. Goodwin, BSPHN ’58
March 1, 1980
Elma A. Luis, MS ’92
May 10, 1999
Marvin L. Smith, MPH ’50
December 1, 1973
Richard E. Horton, MD, MPH ’58
June 1, 1993
James Allen Roberts, MD, MS ’93
March 16, 2001
William J. Brown, MD, MPH ’51
August 7, 1994
Edith C. Rackley, RN, MPH ’58
October 19, 1998
IN MEMORIAM
Irwin M. Rosenstock
I
M. “RUSTY” ROSENSTOCK,
professor emeritus of health
behavior and health education,
died June 19, 2001. Rosenstock,
who was appointed associate professor in 1961 and professor in 1965,
was instrumental in developing the
School of Public Health’s Health
Behavior and Health Education
research and teaching programs.
In 1975, he helped establish the
Department of Health Behavior and
Health Education, which he chaired
from its inception until 1983. He
retired in 1987.
Rosenstock was internationally
known for his role in developing
the Health Belief Model, a theory
explaining health-related behavior.
The model has prompted thousands
of research studies, which in turn
have contributed to interventions
aimed at altering behavior to improve
health.
Rosenstock also chaired the
work group on Data, Research and
Development, and Health Education
for the Michigan Public Health Code
project. Under his leadership, many
of the project’s findings were incorporated into the Michigan Public
Health Code, including a comprehensive definition of health education.
This language was written into
law and still defines the interface
between public schools and health
departments.
Students and colleagues remember Rosenstock best for his sense of
humor and his drive. “Rusty joined
a traditional department of public
health administration,” said Myron
RWIN
FALL/WINTER 2001
Wegman, dean emeritus of the
School of Public Health. “But with
his enthusiasm and drive, he quickly
expanded its teaching and research
into a unit focused on understanding
personal health attitudes and practices. His dynamism was contagious—effectively so.”
Rosenstock was an inspiration for
many of his students, including current SPH dean, Noreen Clark, and
other important researchers such as
Marshall Becker. Rosenstock will be
remembered as a trailblazer, and his
work will be admired for years to
come.
Rosenstock is survived by his four
children, Ruth Gretzinger of Ann
Arbor; Larry (Leslie) Rosenstock of
Royal Oak; David Rosenstock of Ann
Arbor; and Robert (Lou) Rosenstock
of Paris, France; and by his three
grandchildren. His wife, Phyllis, died
May 7, 2001. ■
Ernst J. Siegenthaler
E
J. SIEGENTHALER,
associate professor emeritus
of environmental health, died
March 22, 2001, at age 78.
Memorial services were held
in Davis, California.
Professor Siegenthaler served on
the faculty of the School of Public
Health from 1967 to 1985 and is
remembered for his contributions to
improvements in food safety, particularly the safety of milk products.
In an interview conducted last
summer for Findings, Siegenthaler
recalled that his extensive work overRNST
43
seas had taught him that “the problems of sanitation in America do not
necessarily apply to other parts of the
world.” It was a perspective he sought
to convey to his students. “When you
are in a developing country, you cannot throw away food if you don’t trust
it,” he said. “Instead, you have to
solve that problem.”
A native of Zurich, Siegenthaler
was a naturalized U. S. citizen. He
received his bachelor’s degree in 1947
from the College Juventus in Zurich.
He spent five years at the Swiss
Federal Institut of Technology, receiving an “ingenieur agronom” degree
and earning his doctorate in scientific
technology in food science in 1965.
In 1954, Siegenthaler was
appointed an officer with the Food
and Agricultural Organization of the
United Nations, and from 1960 to
1965, he conducted bacterial research
and consulted for the Swiss Federal
Institute of Dairy Research. He
accepted a research associate position
in the Food Science Department at
Cornell University in 1965.
He joined the University of
Michigan in 1967 as an assistant
professor in the Department of
Environmental Health.
In his retirement memoir, the U-M
Board of Regents called Siegenthaler
one of the few experienced specialists
in the world for dairy development in
emerging nations. The board noted
that in addition to advising governments worldwide in the areas of agriculture development, food handling,
and processing, Siegenthaler had
established numerous milk collecting
centers and cheese factories, and had
provided advice to newspapers, shop
owners, and private individuals. ■
44
Findings
What’s New?
NEWS, NOTICES & NETWORKING
Y
our classmates would like to
know where you are and what
you are doing. Please send us
information, and a photo of yourself if you have one, for Class
Notes. Information can be in the
form of news items, press releases,
written on the lines at the bottom of
the page. Or you can send this information by e-mail to sph.alumni@
umich.edu. The form is also available
at www.sph.umich.edu.
NAME
EMPLOYER
TITLE
❍ THIS IS A NEW TITLE
(
)
P R O F E S S I O N A L A D D R E S S ( C I T Y, S TAT E , Z I P )
❍ THIS IS A NEW ADDRESS
WORK PHONE
H O M E A D D R E S S ( C I T Y, S TAT E , Z I P )
❍ THIS IS A NEW ADDRESS
HOME PHONE
(
)
S P H D E G R E E S / Y E A R / D E PA RT M E N T
Please complete this page and fill in
the circles if the information you are
providing is a change in address or
title, if you know of job openings for
students, and/or if you are willing
to be a resource person for SPH
students/alumni.
E-MAIL ADDRESS
❍ YES, I KNOW OF SUMMER INTERNSHIPS AND/OR REGULAR JOB OPENINGS FOR SPH STUDENTS/ALUMNI.
❍ YES, I AM WILLING TO BE A RESOURCE PERSON FOR SPH STUDENTS/ALUMNI INTERESTED IN MY PUBLIC
H E A LT H S P E C I A LT Y A N D / O R G E O G R A P H I C L O C AT I O N
I N T E R N S H I P / J O B I N F O R M AT I O N :
RETURN TO:
Office of Development
& External Relations, Room 3508
109 S. Observatory
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029
❍ I N T H E B O X B E L O W I S I N F O R M AT I O N I W O U L D L I K E T O S H A R E W I T H M Y C L A S S M AT E S I N C L A S S N O T E S .
"
CLASS NOTE:
45
FALL/WINTER 2001
SPH Bulletin
The Technology
Connection
SPH on the World Wide Web
Visit the school’s newly designed web
site to stay connected to your school’s
and program’s news and events.
Home page:
www.sph.umich.edu
Alumni page:
www.sph.umich.edu/alumni
E-Mail Addresses for Alumni
File this address in your e-mail
address book and use it to contact
SPH: [email protected]
If you request it, we’ll forward
your message to someone else in
the school.
Networking
The SPH Alumni Network
The School of Public Health has
more than 3,000 connections around
the world. How can SPH alumni
help current students? Once you are
out in the working world, and have
made connections with other professionals in the field, remember your
fellow SPH students and volunteer to
become a Networking Contact. A
Networking Contact acts as a mentor
in the field for students to inquire
about internships, job searches, interviewing, and real-world experiences.
To be a part of the SPH Alumni
Network, send an e-mail to
[email protected]. Please be sure
to include:
• your name
• employment discipline areas
(biostatistics, epid, toxicology, etc.)
• employer name, address, business
number
• job title
• e-mail address
Unless otherwise instructed, we will
release only your name and the contact information that you provide to
SPH students and alumni.
How can you utilize SPH Alumni
Network? The Alumni Network can
provide you with alumni contacts:
• in particular cities, states, regions,
or countries
• by particular discipline
• for career information
• for professional collaboration
• if you move to a new city or state
For more information about making
connections and making a difference,
please call Career Services at
734.763.3155.
Listings of Open Positions
To discover job listings relevant to all
careers in public health, go to the
careers and networking section of
www.sph.umich.edu. We currently
maintain links of nationwide opportunities and campus research positions
via the following posting systems.
Nationwide:
ASPH Public Health Employment
Connection
Search the most comprehensive listing of current job opportunities and
related information on the first and
only open Internet database focusing
exclusively on public health careers.
It is a collaborative effort of the
Employment Council of the
Association of Schools of Public
Health. The University of Michigan
School of Public Health is proud to
be a supporter of this initiative,
which provides:
• full- and part-time jobs
opportunities
• internships and fellowship
opportunities
• links to various employment listings
and sites of interest by discipline
• job search strategies information
• the ability to post a job
announcement
At UM SPH:
The Job Bulletin
Listings of current research and summer positions to gain public health
experience are provided in this bulletin. Faculty-managed listings give
you up-to-date availabilities in each
of the health disciplines.
To List an Available Position
We are committed to providing quick,
easy ways to post jobs and are
improving our services to better serve
you and your company’s needs. For
available positions or internships
within your company or agency,
please include a comprehensive job
description via one of the four following methods:
SPH BULLETIN
• ASPH Employment Connection
(http://www.sph.emory.edu/ASPH/):
go directly to this site for free
postings available to a national
pool of candidates
• E-mail: please send a job
description within the e-mail text
or as an attachment to
[email protected]
• Mail: UM SPH Career Services;
109 S. Observatory, #3537;
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029
• Fax: 734.763.5455
We update the job bulletin continuously and make every effort to effectively market and accurately distribute your listings to viable UM SPH
Alumni and Students. For further
inquiries, please contact:
Debbie Gilkey, Career Services
Coordinator, 734.763.3155
Attention Employers
Are you looking for a skilled professional to fill an open position? The
University of Michigan School of
Public Health has highly qualified
candidates trained in a multidisciplinary atmosphere. We maintain an
internal database that catalogs students who are currently in the market
for jobs in a variety of public
health–related fields. Please send
specific hiring criteria via e-mail to
[email protected] or by telephone
at 734.763.3155, and we will provide
the mechanism to connect with our
students and alumni. If you are interested in making a recruiting visit to
the School of Public Health or in
attending our job fairs, we will be
happy to assist you.
FALL/WINTER 2001
Looking for an epidemiology secondyear student interested in cancer
research? An administrator with community-based health care experience?
A skilled analyst to conquer mountains of biostatistics? Let us help you
find the promising professional you
have in mind.
University of Michigan Offers
Internet Job Listings
You’ve seen the catchy ads on television for a variety of job search sites
on the Internet, offering the promise
of job search success. There are so
many sites advertised that it may
sometimes seem difficult to get started. Don’t let this stop you from venturing into the world of Internet job
searching. The University of
Michigan’s Office of Career Planning
and Placement (CP&P) maintains an
online job bulletin available to
Michigan students and alumni/ae.
For a small fee, alumni/ae can access
this service 24 hours a day, seven
days a week, anywhere you have
Internet access. A detailed search
engine can help you target specific
industries, levels of experience, or
geographic locations so that you can
find positions that fit your needs.
Many job bulletin listings are targeted to alums and those with significant work experience. To sign up,
simply call CP&P at 734.764.7460 or
e-mail cp&[email protected], and you’ll
receive your job bulletin subscription
form.
47
Datebook
October 21–25, 2001
APHA Annual Meeting
Join us in Atlanta!
Visit our booth in the exhibit hall.
Even if you’re not registered for
APHA, all alumni and their guests
are invited to our Keep-In-Touch
reception on Monday, October 22,
from 6:30 to 8 pm, in the Atlanta
Hilton Ballroom Salon D.
October 26, 2001
Isadore Bernstein Symposium and 4th
Annual Schoolwide Symposium
“GMOs: Science, Environmental
Health Policy, and Public
Perception”
A panel of experts, including John
Stossel of ABC News, discusses
genetically-modified organisms in the
context of both science and public
policy. Sponsored by the Department
of Environmental Health Sciences.
For more information contact
Professor James Vincent at
734.936.0703.
July 7-26, 2002
Summer Epidemiology Workshop
For more information contact
Jody Gray at 734.764.5454 or
[email protected].
Snapshot
spread the decision-making power
to some of the individual hospitals.
Our goal was to assess what decisions
should be made by the individual
hospitals, and what decisions should
be made by a central governing board
for the whole organization. We did a
little background research here in the
States, and then went to India and
interviewed all the key people—the
senior leadership team, people who
were identified as next-generation
leaders, and other people in the
organization. It took a long time.
We interviewed more than 40 people.
How did your first year at SPH prepare
you for the experience?
Obviously, all the background information I’ve had on the health care
industry, learning about different
organizations, helped. In some of my
classes I’ve had people from Henry
Ford or Hospice of Michigan, people
from the field, actually come in and
explain what they do, how they’ve led
their organizations through changes.
It was really relevant to what I did.
NAME:
Andrea Shellman
AGE:
22
HOMETOWN:
Sudbury, Massachusetts
S P H D E G R E E P R O G R A M : MHSA,
Department of Health Management
and Policy
G R A D U AT I N G C L A S S :
2002
You’ve just come back from a ten-week
internship at the Aravind Eye Hospital
in Madurai, India. What did you do
there?
The project had to do with decentralizing the management structure.
Currently, Avarind has four hospitals,
all in southern India. Basically it’s
a family-run organization, and they
have five people who make all the
key decisions. But those five people
are getting old, so they need to bring
up more leaders. Also, they want to
Are there things you learned in India
that could be applied here?
I was awed by how efficient the
organization is. They do a really good
job of employing people who are able
to do the job but who are not overly
qualified. For example, a lot of times
patients will see the doctor and then
go to a patient counselor, who will
explain their situation to them in
more detail.
Why did you choose to come to SPH?
Because it’s the best.
Honor Roll of Donors
July 1, 2000 – June 30, 2001
The School of Public Health gratefully acknowledges the support of
alumni, faculty, students and friends who have generously supported the
school during the past fiscal year: July 1, 2000 – June 30, 2001.
* Indicates a gift was matched by
an employer or that matching gift
forms have been received from the
donor.
If your name has been omitted,
misspelled, incorrectly listed, or
your recognition level is not correct, please accept our apologies.
To bring the error to our attention
so that we may correct our
records, or to communicate with
us for any reason, a Donor
Response Form and envelope have
been included with this issue of
Findings. We can also be contacted at the Office of Development
and External Relations, University
of Michigan School of Public
Health, 109 S. Observatory,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029;
phone (734) 764-8093;
fax (734) 763-5455;
e-mail [email protected]
Gift Range: $1,000,000 +
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Gift Range: $100,000 - $999,999
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Kate A. Peyser
Pharmacia Foundation
Gift Range: $25,000 - $99,999
Chin-Un Chang
Dow AgroSciences
The Dow Chemical Company
Foundation
Joan L. Exline
Ford Foundation
Charles and Rita Gelman
World Health Organization
Gift Range: $10,000 - $24,999
American Diabetes Association, Inc.
The Brush Foundation
Willard H. Johnson, Jr.
Joel and Sarah Lamstein/JSI
Hunein and Hilda Maassab
Merck & Co., Inc.
Frank L. Morton, M.D. Trust
Schreiber Foundation for
Cancer Research
Harriet C. Selin
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
STATPROBE, Inc./Lora Schwab
and Mark Becker
The Thrasher Research Fund
Gail L. and Lois Warden
Gift Range: $5000 - $9999
Abbott Laboratories Fund
American Industrial Hygiene
Association Foundation
John C. Bay
Consumers Energy
Deafness Research Foundation
Henrietta Rust Estate
March of Dimes Birth Defects
Foundation
FALL/WINTER 2001
Frederick and Linda Matz
The Procter & Gamble Fund
Douglas and Kristen Ryckman
SC Johnson Fund, Inc.
Ruth L. Striffler
Jonnie L. Williams
Gift Range: $2500 - $4999
Andersen Consulting Foundation
Claire Bernstein
Steven H. Bloom
Paul Boulis and Linda Havlin
*Bruce F. and Janet M. Buchanan
Peter and Jessie Butler
Noreen Clark and George Pitt
DaimlerChrysler Fund
Albert F. Gilbert
John R. and Helen K. Griffith
Michael T. Halpern
Linda Havlin and Paul Boulis
*William D. and Cynthia Atkins
Hopping
*Karen and Stephen Ridella
Vanguard Group Foundation
Myron E. Wegman
Gift Range: $1500 - $2499
James J. Calderone
David and Lynne Campbell
Kathryn J. Herron
Mildred Hesch
Herschel S. Horowitz
Sandra and Wayne Lerner
John and Ellen McDaniel
Mary Rose Patejak
Frank E. Robbins Memorial Trust
John Romani and Barbara Anderson
Martin Jay Rosenberg
Ken and Stacy Samet
*Anita and Peter Sandretto
Dean Gordon Smith
*Gloria Richardson Smith
Kenneth and Patricia Warner
*Yung-Koh and Barbara Yin
*Weiying Yuan
Gift Range: $1000 - $1499
Ken and Pat Ackerman
Rashid and Naziha Bashshur
Felicia R. Becker
Michael Boehnke and Betsy Foxman
Mindy L. Richards and
Paul R. Dunbar
Hans Coester and
Cindi Gollwitzer-Coester
Michael J. Daly
*B. Richard and Susan Dudek
Daniel and Miriam Finch
Betsy Foxman and Michael Boehnke
Ronald and Deborah Freedman
*Arlene Golembiewski
Cynthia A. Gollwitzer Coester
Kevin F. Hickey
*Dennis M. and Marise A. Hussey
Ellen Cuff Johnson
William and Jane Krebs
*Bryce and Anna Landenberger
Deborah M. Lee-Eddie
Chien-Fu Lin
Roderick and Robin Little
Robert McCann and Mona Signer
*Sharon A. Naberhuis-Stehouwer
Terry A. Patterson
Jack and Jean Peirce
Frances Perriello and John Svagr
The Pfizer Foundation
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Foundation
Raytheon Charitable Foundation
Richard W. Ronder
Norma and Ashish Sarkar
*Carolyn M. Bergholz-Schutte
Jeannette J. Simmons
Scott K. and Frances U. Simonds
Dr. and Mrs. Charles M. Smith
A. Thomas Snoke
John Svagr and Frances Perriello
Tenet Healthcare Foundation
Chris and Deborah VandenBroek
Kenneth J. Wine
50
Findings
Gift Range: $500 - $999
Ann F. Adenbaum
Lillian H. R. Bajda
Christine C. Boesz
*Ramona B. Bossow
Clarence McDonal Brewton, Jr.
Morton B. and Raya Brown
Robert John Brown
Patricia A. Butler
Margaret A. Child
*Carol and John Cleary
*Ralph R. and Joann C. Cook
Dorothy and D. Robert Deremo
Gordon M. and Gail L. Derzon
*Karen East and James Ecklund
Stephen and Susan Eklund
Halley and Ruth Anne Faust
W. Raymond and Margaret Jane Ford
Ford Motor Company Fund
Ralph F. and Elizabeth Frankowski
Linda and James Friedman
Stanley and Pricilla Garn
GE Fund
General Motors Foundation
Louis Robert Giancola
Cynthia Marie Grueber
Guidant Foundation, Inc.
Wolfgang Haas
Don P. Haefner and
Cynthia J. Stewart
Patrick and Sharon Hagan
Edward and Harleth Herremans
Ian and Millicent Higgins
Lisa and Glenn Higgins
Dennis M. and Marise A. Hussey
The Isenberg Family
Charitable Trust
Mari Anne Jacquez
Sherman A. James and Vera Moura
Jennifer and Glen Johnson
Robert B. and Geri Johnson
Johnson & Johnson Family of
Companies Contributions Fund
Nancy Klehr and Jonathan Eager
Lucinda and David Lagasse
Gary R. Ley
*Jennifer and John Lis
*Susan Carol Maerki
Jo Anne and Christopher Magee
*Victoria R. Markiewicz
Joan M. McGowan
Catherine McLaughlin and Leon
Wyszewianski
Christopher J. Miller
Elizabeth and Roy Miller
Monsanto Fund
Kathryn H. Montague
*Thomas and Elizabeth Morley
*Eric and Kimberly Morton
Anthony T. Mott
John Bernard Neff
Doris K. and Irvin J. Nygren
Janet D. Olszewski
Dennis M. Paradis
Dennis and Louise Paustenbach
Tracy and Todd Perkins
Patricia A. Peyser
Donald P. Potter
Warren V. Powell
Kimberly Ann Purvis
*Margaret J. Raven
Betty B. Remington
Nicole and Amir Rubin
*Chris and Patricia Ruppel
*Deborah F. Salerno
Arsen K. Sanjian
Nancy M. Schlichting
David and Rosalie Schottenfeld
Barbara Shane and Michael W. Cox
Amy Sheon and Marvin Krislov
Helmut F. and Candis Stern
Cynthia J. Stewart and
Don P. Haefner
*Dorothy and James Symons
Mark and Beth Ann Taylor
William Thar and Yukiko Shuya
A. James Tinker
Barney and Leanne Tresnowski
Marianne Udow and Richard Noble
Elaine and Stephen Ullian
M. Susan Wallin
Jack and Francey Wheeler
Wide Waters Fund, Inc.
Leon Wyszewianski and
Catherine McLaughlin
Michael J. Zaccagnino
Gift Range: $250 - $499
American Home Products Corp.
George R. Anderson
Mercy A. Bannerman
Dennis and Carole Becker
Howard Berman
Thomas and Elissa Borton
Eric Bothwell and A. Isabel Garcia
William D. and Judith E. Browning
Marshall Nils Brunden
William S. Burnett
*Carol and Paul Burns
Trudy L. Burns
Brian A. and Elizabeth R. Burt
J. Dennis and Lynne M. Bush
Theodore Buxton and Pat Johnston
Ralph J. Cerny
Deborah I. Chang
Donald K. F. Chen
David and Eva Chinsky
Joseph Y. Chiu
*Diane Christensen and
Robert Stone
Anita B. Clavier
Kenneth and Amy Colton
Marilyn E. Conlon
Richard G. and Valma E. Cornell
Thomas and Geraldine Crane
Robert Ira Crickmore
Emmanuel Curry
Doris L. Davenport
Felix and Graciela De La Iglesia
William Warren DeMuth
Carl F. Dmuchowski
*Michael R. Dupuis
Sheri and Daniel Eastman
Robert and Virginia A. Eckardt
*Frederick B. and Carol A.
Entwistle
Caswell A. Evans, Jr.
Dennis and Elizabeth A. Evans
ExxonMobil Foundation
Mary Farrell and John L. Achatz
Marcia and Eugene Feingold
*Robert Feldman and Deborah
Shields
Sandi and Marco Ferretti
Gerald D. Fitzgerald
Edward J. Fong
Daniel and Mary Frantz
Angela and Samuel Frohlich
Gary L. Gambill
A. Isabel Garcia and Eric Bothwell
*Larry A. Gephart
John C. Golden
Douglas and Karen Hammer
Jed and Patricia Hand
Charles M. Hefflin
Judith N. Herr
Ronald Holroyd and Alison Powers
Peirce Hunter
*Stephen L. Ingram
Barbara Israel and Richard Pipan
Kumiko Iwamoto
David and Linda Janotha
Alice and Dale Johnson
J. Timothy Johnson and Carol
Pat Johnston and Theodore Buxton
Marilouise Kerich
Arnold and Laura Kimmel
Steven Joseph King
Katrinka T. Kip
Jennifer Elston Lafata and
Mark Lafata
Frances A. Larkin
Dallas K. Larson
William Barton Leaver
Patricia Z. Levine
Richard Lichtenstein and Gail Ryan
Stephen H. Lipson
*Lois Lourie and Michael Gurtman
Lucent Technologies Foundation
Mark D. Macek
William and Marsha Madigan
Dolores M. Malvitz
Kenneth and Andrea Marcus
Michigan Industrial Hygiene Society
Bruce P. Miller
Jill G. Moore
Roscoe and Patricia Moore
Wade Mountz
Donald and Scarlett Navarro
William Joseph Niendorff
Pamela Paul-Shaheen and
Paul Shaheen
Anita H. Payne
PCMS, INC.
Roy C. Perkins
Robert M. and Penelope D. Pestronk
Michael J. Peterson
Mirdza L. Peterson
The Peterson Network
*Mary Vogt-Petterson and Bruce
Petterson
Robert Paul Pfotenhauer
Frank and Linda Pink
A. Donald and Jean E. Postma
Kay L. and Stephen M. Presby
D. Rebecca Prevots
*Cheryl Lynn and
Robert W. Reinhardt
William and Carol Reynolds
Rudy and Kathleen Richardson
Jeffrey A. Roberts
Rosemary A. Rochford
*William and Patricia Rosenberg
Gail Ryan and Richard Lichtenstein
Jonathan L. Segal
Deborah Shields and
Robert Feldman
Jim H. Shifflet
Vergil N. and Beth E. Slee
*Neil G. and Patricia Somsel
Robert and Karen Sowislo
John S. Stock
Gillian and Joseph Stoltman
Sharon G. and Larry R. Suter
Susanna Szelestey and
Marc Keshishian
Steven and Diane Telian
Time Warner Foundation, Inc.
Michael J. Tuohy
Thomas J. Vallin
Shirley and James VanZetta
Andrea L. Waller
David and Joan Weinbaum
Stuart A. Wesbury, Jr.
Noel and Sally Wilson
*Martha Wolfgang
Daniel B. Wolfson
Lowell and Doris L. Zollar
Gift Range: $100 - $249
Mutee H. Abdeljaber
Maria B. Abrahamsen
Lawrence Abramson and
Susan Greenfield
S. Maurice Adib
Aetna Foundation, Inc.
Rachel I. Alcaraz
David Aldorfer
Clinton W. Allen
*Hugh and Vicky Allerton
Charles M. and Marian L. Allmand
Lawrence S. Amesse
Joseph and Christine Andary
Dallas W. Anderson
Duke E. Anderson
Robert L. and Louise J. Anderson
HONOR ROLL
Anonymous
Shirley Appiah-Yeboa
Rex and Janet Archer
Sandra E. Callard
John and Mary Pat Ashby
Asthma, Allergy & Sinus Center PC
William and Nancy Atkinson
Julia C. Attwood
Shirley A. Austin
Pearl G. Axelrod
Jennifer McGuigan Babcock
David S. Bach
Jenna Miller Bacolor
Linda Bennett and Robert Bagramian
Mark A. Balsamo
Mark G. Bandyk
Emmett Lee Banks
*Mary Louise Barth
Karl and Karen Bartscht
Peter and Emily Bauer
Joyce E. Beaulieu
Diane L. Bechel
Beryl Becker Bates Trust
Soloman Belinky
Larry M. Belmont
Alisa C. Bennett
Glen C. and Bernice E. Bennett
Linda Bennett and Robert Bagramian
Minnie Berki
Doris A. Berlin
Elizabeth and Robert Berlow
Richard Berman
Pearle and John Bernick
Pearle E. Bernick
Victor A. and Ludmila I. Bernstam
Michael and Barbara Bice
Lynn Pope Bikowitz
John H. Bindeman II
Loraine I. Black
Leslie G. Bluman
Sal Bognanni
Charlotte Boorde
Wenche S. Borgnakke
Linda Blakey and Matthew Boulton
John Bound and Arline Geronimus
Robert A. Bowman
Taras Boyko
Evelyn Bradley and Fredrick Gilkey
James M. and Laura Brezack
Glenn J. Brown
Linda and Richard Brown
Margaret A. Brown
William M. Brown, Jr.
Raymond J. Browne
George and Catherine Browning
Albert H. Brunwasser
Bobby G. Bryant
Orene Bryant
*Thomas J. Buchberger
Libbie A. Buchele
Dana and Edward Bucknam
Margaret and Anthony Bur
Robert F. Burgin
Michael S. Burke
FALL/WINTER 2001
*Jerry Burkman and Gerald Awbrey
Linda A. Burns
Mary and George Burns
Haydee M. Cabrera
Donald and Sandra Callard
Milton S. and Kathy A. Camhi
Donald A. Campbell
Cesar Cardona
Katheen and James Carey
Ruth Dorsey Carey
Catherine A. Carr
Benjamin and Elizabeth Carter
Margaret and Robert Cassey
Joseph J. Cavallaro
Kevin J. Cawley
Jennifer M. Cayanan
Jean and Hector Chabut
Lesley M. Chace
Lawrence Chadzynski
Joel B. Charm
Michael and Susan Chernew
John B. Chessare
Kendell V. Childers
Lynna K. Chung
Cigna Foundation
Toby Citrin
Nancy Janz and James Clark
Sandra Clyman Merrill
Kenneth W. Cochran
Edith Coffey
Betty and Albert Cohen
Nancy and Howard Collens
John W. and Esther G. Collins
James P. Comer
John Schulenberg and
Cathleen Connell
McClellan B. and
Carol A. Conover II
Lorraine and Calvin Coon
Richard Cooper and Robin Hilton
Paul B. and Mae J. Cornely
Sherry and James Courtney
Susan A. Crawford
Debra L. Crigger
Thomas and Mary Crowley, Sr.
Kristin L. Dahl
Lawren H. Daltroy
Cheryl L. Damberg
Anne Hodge Damon
Paul M. Danao
Ronald J. Darling
Adelene L. Darr
Myrtis M. Deck
*Caesar A. DeLeo
Deloitte & Touche Foundation
Yervant A. Demirjian
O. Lynn Deniston
Bonnita and Robert Detweiler
Josse E. deWever
Margaret K. deWever
David C. Dimendberg
Charles E. and Doris T. Dixon
Michael R. Dodyk
Janet and Thad Dombrowski
Ina Jean Domke
Armen and Susan Donabedian
Dow Corning Corporation
Michael and Kalli Doyle
Scott and Patricia Duemler
Rosemary E. Duffy
Walter Stotz and Joan Duggan
Clifton O. Dummett
David D. and Jane Dunatchik
Jane Dunatchik
Eaton Charitable Fund
Iris V. and Wayne F. Echelberger, Jr.
John F. Eisses
Johan W. and Frances G. Eliot
John E. Estok
Barbara and Clifton Evans
Margaret and Floyd Ewalt
David Struif and Susan Exline-Struif
Huda Fadel
Christopher M. Fanning
Elaine E. Fineran
The Elaine E. Fineran Trust
Sandra M. Finkel
Catharine M. Fischer
George A. Fischer
Susan M. Flautt
Suzanne K. Fleming
Anne and James Ford
Cornelia B. and Walter R. Ford
Phyllis W. Foster
Karen and Jeffry Frahm
Clifford R. Frank
Franklin H. Fiske
Al and Ellen Freedman
Bradley and Jeanette Friedland
Jay Wolfe Friedman
Brant E. Fries
Michael and Margaret Fritz
Roger S. Fujioka
Alice Furumoto-Dawson and
Michael Dawson
Victoria L. Gallagher
Melanie L. Gamble
*Ronald L. and Linda S. Gamble
John Joseph Gannon
Jane F. Garry
Peter B. Gearhart
Ann Marie Gebhart
Susan Claire Gebo
Amy D. Geissinger
Thomas F. Gillette
Marilyn R. Gisser
Glaxo Wellcome, Inc.
GlaxoSmithKline
Susan and Michael Goold
Arlene Gorelick and Joseph Lapides
Arthur R. and Renee F. Goshin
Audrey and Thomas Gotsch
Cynthia A. Green
Mark and Vivian Greenberg
Joel Bruce Greenhouse
Jacqueline A. Greenman
Samuel B. and Raquel Gregorio
Martha Joan Greiner
Ella M. Grenier
Marie and Norman Gronlund
Norman E. Gronlund
George Gross
Scott D. and Debora Grosse
Marcus and Catherine Gullickson
Robert and Karen Gurchiek
Bessie Jean Haddad
Akihito Hagihara
Muhiuddin Haider
Helen Ross and William Hall
Elsie M. Hamilton
Elsie and Thomas Hamilton
Laura Jo Hagaman Hampton
William L. Hankins
Jean C. Hanna
*Allison L. Hanover
Minoru Hara
John F. Harris
Verne K. Harvey, Jr.
Deborah and Oliver Hayes
James and Phyllis Heacock
Gregg and Judith Heidebrink
Sivana T. Heller
Don P. Hendrickson
Donald and Patricia Herip
Ann and William Herman
May and John Herr
Carla and Jesus Herrerias
Mark P. Herzog
Eugene R. and Mary M. Heyman
Joseph W. Hiddemen III
Michelle and Montgomery Hill
Laura B. Hillier
Robert and Judy Hoban
William and Marcia Hochkammer
*Charles and Mary Hodge
*Dennis F. Hoeffler
Amanda L. Holm
Lynda Honberg
Kenneth L. Hopkins
Cherry L. Houston
Mary E. Hovinga
*Allison R. Howe
Matthew W. Huchla
William and Laura Hynes
Helen and Ray Igras
William R. Illis
Intel Foundation
David and Barbara Ippel
Harriet R. and Arthur G. Isack
John S. Jacoby
Nancy Janz and James Clark
Frieda Hubert Jardim
Jennifer Jenson
Anna M. Johnson
Michael V. and Kelly J. Johnson
*H. Wendell and Linda Johnson
Mary A. Johnson
Richard T. and Helen M. Johnson
Florence M. Johnston
Elizabeth W. Jones
51
52
Findings
Jeffrey G. Jones
Anil Joshi
Mara Julius
Anthony J. and Sondra C. Kale
Robert and Nancy Kalet
Michael J. Kallan
Thomas E. Kalmbach
Rosalie Brum Karunas
Jack Kasten
Robert and Sharon Katana
Barry P. Katz
Linda M. Katz
Stuart Katz and Phyllis Hochberg
*Manuel and Elaine Kau
Tsui-Ying and Hua-Tie Thomas Kau
George and Nadya Kazzi
Sharon and Martin Kelln
*James N. and Marcia Kenyon
Michael T. Keough
Mary Kershner
Cindy Ma Keung
Patrick and Jo Anne Killeen
Yun J. Kim
Nancy G. Kinney
Uriel Kitron and Amy Aidman
Douglas and Ilene Klegon
Denise Maureen Klein
Mary Jane Klinger
Robert E. Klutts
Masao and Karlene Koketsu
Marilyn E. Kramer
Enid F. Krasner
Joel M. Kronenberg
Kathrin E. Kudner
*Sandra L. Kuentzel
*Roy and Susan Kulick
Robert H. Kushler, Jr.
Jennifer Kwon and Richard Dees
Jean A. Lakin
*David T. and Linda K. LaMoreaux
Leo and Hilda Lang
John Charles Langenbrunner
Rosita and Paul Larner
Juliette and Edward Larsen
David and Nancy Larson
Myles P. Lash
Mary Ann Lawler
Patricia and Michael Lay
Etta and Vincent Leahy
Kamee Angela and Hei Wai Lee
Sharon Libell Leenhouts
Sherie Lem
Maurice R. Lemon
Dennis and Susan Levin
Karen G. and Jonathan A. Levy
Gene P. and Charlotte D. Lewis
S. Robert Lewis
*Susan and Steven Liebert
Debra Liebler-Rogers and
Russel Rogers
Jennifer M. Lin
Marilyn and S. Martin Lindenauer
Christine N. Ling
Debra M. Listernick
Donna L. Little
Staurt A. Lockwood
Tracy Goode Loewenthal and
Rod Loewenthal
Elizabeth J. Lombard
Wendy L. Lombard
*Victor and Robin Lortz
James T. and Mary S. Lovett
*Deborah Otcasek Lucas
Marty and Karen Lutz
Leslie A. Lytle
Elizabeth M. Macfarlane
Jane L. MacKie
*Miriam MacLean and
A. Bradford Babbitt
Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation
Rhonda and Charles Main
Rosser L. Mainwaring
Asad M. Malik
Delno and Nancy Malzahn
Lorrie A. Mamlin
*Sushil and Neelam Mankani
Michael J. Marcincuk
Patricia L. Marine
Victoria C. and C. A. Markellis
*Joseph F. Marlowe
Carl Marrs and Julia Richards
James L. Martin
Sally A. Mason
Elizabeth M. Matson
Myron G. Max
Jonathan M. Mayer
Esther Mayes
Robert E. McArtor
Susan A. McBride
William C. McCaughrin
Nina I. McClelland
Steven W. McCornack
Mary and John McCue
Margaret McDonough-Becker
Clarence R. McFarland
Harry B. McGee, Jr.
*Edward J. McGuire
Hermine McLeran
*Nicole and Kyle McNamara
Ralph A. Mead
Medical Physics Consultants,
Incorporated
Thomas Meek
Richard E. Meetz
Donna J. Melkonian
Alan and Terri Mellow
The Merck Company Foundation
Annette and Kenneth Mercurio
Marcia Metcalfe
Helen L. Metzner
Jennifer S. Michael
Mary Anne Michalak
Connie and David Miller
Betsy Miller
Jamie and Steven Miller
Tamara and Patrick Miller
*Roland R. Miller
William and Claire Miller
Linda and John Mills
Minnesota Mining and
Manufacturing Foundation, Inc.
John Mitchell
James C. Mitchiner
Carmen B. and Harry S. Mockrud
Ruth A. Mohr
Arnold S. and Ellyne Monto
Robert E. Moore
*Tina Morgenstein-Wagner
David Morgott and Joanne Panzarella
Julie Anne Morin
Ronald S. Mornelli
Robert Morris
Gary B. Morrison
Thomas M. Mowery
Ann Patterson Munro
Donald J. Munro
Jane and Richard Murdock
Jennifer Hawkins Murray
Ronald and Paula Myers
Harman and Margaret Nagler
Nathaniel S. Nevas
Austin I. Nobunaga
Mary and Ronald Nogas
Nortel Networks, Inc.
Thomas R. Oberhofer
Richard Patrick O’Donnell
Louise G. Odrzywolska
Marie and Donald Olsen
Jane M. Olson
Michael and Carla O’Malley
Kathleen R. Opperwall
Peter and Marysusan C. Oroszlan
Jesse Ortiz and Judith Miller Ortiz
Margaret and Andrew Osei-Boateng
Mary S. and Jerald O’Shaughnessey
*Thomas Osimitz and
Rebecca L. Rush
Lillian G. Ostrand
J. Elizabeth and Mohammad Othman
Marvin G. Ott
Adrian J. Oudbier
Ilaine L. Packman
Eugene Paez, Jr.
Darwin Palmiere
Jong Soo and Jung Yoon Park
Edith A. Parker
Henri Mae and Walter Parker
Jane S. Parthum
Jane and Peter Parthum
Julia M. Patterson
Martin J. Pawlicki
*Robert O. Peckinpaugh
Pennsylvania Power & Light Co.
Harry and Tari Perlstadt
Brenda W. and Stephen R. Perry
Susan and Leif Peterson
Ward and Margaret Peterson
Charles and Marcia K. Petrillo
J. Marcus Ziegler and Susan Pierce
Joseph F. Piffat
Harvey Pine
Kirk G. Pion
Linda and Charles Piper
Robert Platt
Joyce and Robert Plummer
Patricia A. Podeszwik
William B. Pollard, Jr.
Gordon James Poquette
Joel Alan and Tamar Judith Port
Helen and Steven Potsic
Tassanee Prasopkittikun
William Scott Puppa
Dale M. Raven
Dolores Ann Ray
Khari S. Reed
Robert D. Reid
Susan Birch Reinoehl
Maurice and Leanor Reizen
David M. Repasky
Helaine E. Resnick
Mario F. Reyes
Gwendolyn M. Rhodes
Robert S. Rhodes
Sharon and Richard Ricciuti
Lawrence T. Riesser
Susan H. Rieth
Jeanne and Joseph Rizzo
James A. Roberts
Kristen L. Roberts
Rosemary F. Roberts
*Carol J. Robinson
Sandra and John Robinson
Walter Lloyd Robinson
Walter L. Robinson & Associates
Willard L. and Mary Ann Rodgers
Stanford A. Roman, Jr.
Patricia and William Rosenberg
Abby C. and
Lawrence M. Rosenthal
Karen J. Roth
Kenneth and Karen Roth
Victor S. Roth
Michael Terrance Rowan
Rosemarie Haag Rowney
Ronald P. Ruffing
Peter I. Rushefsky
*Jennifer Russell-Highland
Philip J. Rutledge
Steven T. and Linda M. Ruwoldt
Francis and Elizabeth Saba
Agatha and Joseph Salvin
Naomi I. Sayers
Susan Sanzi-Schaedel and
Andrew Schaedel
Maryjean Schenk and David Fry
John and Esther Schillinger
George W. and Victoria Schkudor
Carol and William Schmekel
John and Kathleen Schmidt
Schmidt Family Trust
Michael and Linda Schork
Cathleen Connell
Allyson and David Schulz
Robert K. and Judith L. Scranton
Perry and Audrey B. Seay
HONOR ROLL
Paul M. Shirilla
Thomas C. Shope
*Linda J. Shurzinske
Donald C. and Leslie E. Sibery
Leslie E. Sibery
Silverbrook Associates, LLC
Janice M. Simon
Lawrence Singer and M.A. Richnak
Steven and Lynn Singer
Nina M. Sisley
Jennette D. Sison
Elena M. Sliepcevich
Edward Timothy Smith
Georgia Floyd Smith
Marc J. Smith
Ruth E. Smith
*Sue E. Smith
Tabathia Smith and Noble Bratton
Thomas B. Smith
Thomas W. Smith
Helga A. Smits
Leo H. Snyder
Robert and Jennifer Snyder
Marlene J. Soderstrom
*Elizabeth A. Solomon
Robert A. Songe
Constance D. Sprauer
Karen I. Squarrell
Erik and Ann Stalhandske
Patricia McLane Starr
Christine M. Stead
Alycia R. Steinberg
Kenneth J. Steinman
Hilda H. Stengard
Dennis and Rita Stevens
Chitra Stokes
*Ines and Eric Storhok
Stephen and Sarah Strasser
Heidi Stroschin Oberlin
*Suk and Duck Suh
Jolynn R. Suko
Cynthia and Timothy Sullivan
Leah S. Tang
Peter Tate
Cynthia Taueg
Paula A. Tavrow
Alexander F. Taylor
Jeremy and Elizabeth Taylor
Tetra Tech EM Inc.
Carolyn and Michael Thomas
Catherine W. Tinkham
Frederick Mervin Toca
Janice G. Tomakowsky
John M. Toomasian
Elke Ingrid Topjian
Mark E. Totten
Joseph S. Toups
Robert and Kathryn Trautman
Gary P. Troskie
Carlene Tsai
Margaret and Douglas Tsitouris
Edgar L. Tucker
*Danielle P. Turnipseed
FALL/WINTER 2001
John Richard Ulshoefer
United Technologies Corp.
Shirley F. Urynowicz
USX Foundation, Inc.
Mark John Valacak
Suzanne and John Valentine
William and Jane Vandervennet
Steven Vincent and Jill Weese
*Edward F. Vonesh, Jr.
Richard and Shirley Vosburg
William and Betty Wadland
Steven A. Wagner
Sheryl and Ronald Wainz
Patricia McGeown and
Donald Walker
Carolease B. Wallace
Pamela and William Walsh
Samuel J. Walters
Jeane W. Walvoord
Richard and Rose Ward
Frederick D. and Gail S. Warner
*Donald L. Webster
Patricia and Alan Webster
Walter and Kathleen Wegst
Edna Dell Weinel
*Kathy and Jim Welch
Robert and Susan Welke
Susan J. Welke
Well-Spring Psychiatry, P.C.
April Wendling
Jennifer M. Wenk
Nathaniel and Sheila Wesley
Richard C. Weston
Katherine and Anthony White
Sally and Phil Whitten
Jeanette B. Wickersham
John W. and Lan Wiles
Aretha Marie Williams
Dane R. Williams
Robert and Lena Williams
Jane M. Wilson
Evelyn and Claybron Wisham
Joan and Gordon Wood
Elizabeth and Richard Woodard
Ayleen L. Wright
Kathryn and Dawson Wurzel
Kirsten H. Wysen
Jo Yatabe-Kuntz and Thomas Kuntz
Peggy and Steven Zamore
Kathleen J. Zavela
Gary and Elizabeth Zelch
Helen D. Zimm
Marc and Deborah Zimmerman
Gift Range: Up to $99
John and Holly Adams
John R. Adams, Jr.
Robert Earl Adams
David and Karin Adler
Dorit D. Adler
Mary Agles and Jeffrey Carley
Alexis K. Ahlstrom
Suhad Ajina
Marion M. Akamine
Jeffrey M. Albert
E. Joseph Alderman, Jr.
Rosiane S. Alfinito
Marcia and John Alissandrello
Herbert E. Allen
Robert Paul Allen
Bernerd and Harry Allmon
Ruth and Myron Allukian
Susan L. Almy
Alan R. Amberg
Margo D. Amgott
Richard G. Andich
Robert and Julie Anger
*Ruby N. Anyimi
Joseph A. and Frances J. Aponte
Andrea Arendse
Hal W. Armistead
Peter J. Ashley
Susan Ataman and Michael Manuel
Gregory P. Atkin
Rhonda Augustine
Mary E. Auld
Jonathan E. Avery
Ellen B. Babb
James and Karen Bading
Henry and Kimberly Baier
John and Melpomeni Baker
Ned and Jeanne Baker
Ned E. Baker
Ethel Ballam
Wilton and Heather E. Barham
Violet H. Barkauskas
Juanita M. Barkley
Bruce E. Barner
Anna D. Barney
*Marian E. and Roy B. Barrett
Lawrence Bartlett and
Karen Ignagni
Gail M. Barton
Athan A. Baskous
Dennis and Gail Bates
Gail Violet Bates
Patricia L. Bauer
Laura E. Bauman
Shailushi N. Baxi
Irene Shirley Bayer
G. Nickolaus Beamer
Hilde and Carl Beaty
Joan and Fred Beaver
Laurie J. Bechhofer
Thomas McDonough and
Margaret Becker
John W. Beckley
James R. and Mary T. Beddard, Jr.
Robert L. Bedi
Barbara C. Beeghly
A. Louise and Robert Behrends
Alan and Jill Bell
Marco A. Beltran
Leslie Benecki and Steven Salterio
Gabrielle A. Benenson
William and Deborah Berghoff
Carol A. Berke
Jerry Howard Berke
Carol and Raymond Berke
53
Latoya E. Bernard
Ligia A. Berry
Merryl A. Biber
Jeffrey B. Bingenheimer
Annette K. Bisanz
Marjorie L. Bissett
Sylvia and Frederick Blackmon
Arlene J. Blaha
Jennifer A. Blakeney
M. Eileen and Raymond F. Blanz
William Bleyer
Craig and M. Martine Blogin
Alan D. Bloom
Joel M. Blostein
Leon and Salomea J. Blum
The Boeing Company
Edward J. and Diane V. Bok
Jessica Bolgos Pantano and
David Pantano
Darwin and Evelyn Bolles
Aubrey H. Borland
Judith A. Boura
Jennifer R. Bowman
Robert and Dorothy Branch
Andrew T. Brant
Edgar and Elizabeth Braun
Alexandra L. Braunstein
Robert R. Brems, Jr.
Dennis and Judith Brendel
Gary R. Brenniman
Martha J. Breslow
Susan and James Bright
Alfred L. and Jean M. Britt
David N. Broadbent
Jill Bromberg
Carol L. Brooke
David T. Brooks
Catherine M. Brooks-Fava
Marsha M. Broussard
Irene M. Browning
David Bruckman
Clarence L. Brumback
Meryl Beth Brutman
Elly Budiman-Mak and Wing Mak
Thomas H. and Debbie N. Buffum
Ragnhild and Herbert Bundesmann
Douglas H. Bundy
Kathleen and John Buppert
Christopher and Anne Burgess
Gary J. Burin
Patricia Brissette Burns
*Bob Burnside
Troy D. Burrus
Andrew Y. Butt
Gary E. Butterfield
Kim and Mary Byas
Sally Kolb Calef
Elaine and Richard Cameron
Michele and Jonathan Caplan
Ralph S. Caraballo
William and Jean D. Carlile
Caryl Elaine Carpenter
Charles R. Carpenter
Raymond and Constance R. Carroll
Alice Marie Carter
54
Findings
Phyllis S. Carter
Rita Loch Caruso
Dennis R. and Cecilia Casselberry
Andrea E. Cassidy
Mary Rita Cassidy
Sara I. Cate
Donna and Forrest Cavenee
Hinda Ripps Chaikind
Susan E. Chandler
Vinitha and Ashok Chandy
Johanna and Steven Chapin
Charles and Barbara Chapman
Ronald W. Chapman
Denise C. Charron-Prochownik
*Earl M. and Zola Cheever
Sharon Chelnick and
Christopher Wojno
Philana H. Chen
Cleland G. Child
Mary E. Chisholm
Gyasi C. Chisley
Barbara and Iue Cho
Paula A. Chorazy
Chia-Hung Chou
Karen Chou
Walter and Betty Christian
Emily and Timothy Clark
Lawrence Clark and
Maureen Duggan
Howard and Christine M. Cohen
Joel M. Cohen
Kenneth R. Cohen
Robin L. Cohen
The Cohen Group
Edward M. Cohn
Thomas B. Coles, Jr.
Joan D. and Robert J. Collins
Gretchen and Andrew Comai
Fredericka and John Cook
Brenda and Ross Cooper
Kristine Cooper
Linda Riegle Cooperstock
Michael S. Cooperstock
Lee A. Counsell
Kevin H. Cowell
Catherine Cowie and Keith Rust
Cindy and John Cox
Mary Edna Crawford
Mary L. Cretens
Marjorie Cripps
Kay and Craig Criswell
Lawrence R. Cronin
Alice Crow-Seidel and Lee Seidel
Charles P. Cubbage
Marla B. Cunningham
Sherry L. Dagenais
Wendy Dahar
Jideofor N. Dallah
Marie A. D’Amico
Michael P. and Linda K. Daniels
Lisa Danto and Arlin Wasserman
Olubunmi I. Daramola
Elizabeth A. Daubert
Arlene M. Davidson
Linda J. Davis
Alan G. and Luann M. Davis
Maxine and John Dearth
Marc F. DeCristofaro
Angelo Dana Degalbo
Deborah R. Deitcher
Anne J. DeLind
Richard J. DeLuca
Bruce J. DeLussa
*Lucy and Mark Demitrack
Diane C. Dempster
Lloyd and Genie Dethloff
Richard Dickes and Nancy Beard
Jillian Robson and Dennis Dietz
Donna E. DiFranco
Renee Diane Dillon
Eva and James Dixon
Blanche E. Dodson
Robert and Rebecca Doherty
Margaret Donoian
Edward Gerard Dornoff
William J. Downer, Jr.
Patricia M. Doyle
Harold and Linda Drengberg
Edward A. Duffy
Rose Duhan and Steven Relles
Cherokee M. Dunkley
Rodney L. Dunn
Genevieve Dunworth
Paul F. Durkee
Thomas and Jean DuRussel-Weston
Anita and Edward Dworkin
Kristie L. Ebi
Lisa Cope and Alan Echt
Jennifer N. Edwards
Susan Hennessy Edwards
Henry J. Eickholtz
Seymour B. Ekelman
Phyllis G. Elkind
Robert R. and Joan H. Ellison
Martha Keehner Engelke
Equiva Services, L.L.C.
Laura Erhart
Ernst & Young Foundation
Robert G. and Anne Esdale
Kathryn and Michael Eskandarian
Grant and Marcella Esler
Evan Evanoff
Tsila and Paul Evers
Barbara Exline
Aileen Ezell
Garry C. and Barbara Wirth Faja
Frank Falck and Karen Housel
Andrew and Sherry H. Farkas
Richard and Laurie Feldman
W. W. and Marilyn Feuer
Fidelity Foundation
Lorraine Fig and Brahm Shapiro
Richard L. Finder
Alan and Diana Fischler
Sherwin R. Fishman
Paul A. Fiumara
Laura B. Fiveash
Katherine Ann Flaherty
Margaret and Eugene Fleeger
Christopher and Noel Fletcher
Phillip Scott Fontana
Benjamin and Lynne Fontes
Karen C. and Richard I. Ford
Sarah V. Forquer
Judith D. Foulke
Christina I. Fowler
Karen E. Fowler
Caroline S. Fox
Malcolm L. and Monica J. Fox
Juanita and Roswell Fralick
Gene J. Franchi
Mary Jane Francis
Therese H. Franco
Jack B. and Ruth H. Franklin
Anna and Lawrence Fredrick
Agnes A. Fredricks
Mary Shoup Freliga
Kevin and Sherry Frick
Candace Friedman
Aida T. Fuentes
Marilyn Oldham and
Nicholas Fusco
Cecelia A. Fydroski
Andrew David Gabel
Tom Shulte Gable
Paul and Frances Gaboriault
Annie L. Galbraith
William John Gallagher, Jr.
Mary P. Gallant
Sydney and Jo A. Galloway
Luann Shuer Garber
Lynne and John Gardner
Jennifer J. Gardner-Cardani
Derith Ann Garrison
Prof. and Richard Garrison
Cheryl Ann Gelder-Kogan
Sherril B. Gelmon
Betty and Gershon Gendler
Helen L. Gibson
Virginia E. Gidi
Dorothy A. Gillig
John and Nancy Glasgow
Janet Wakefield Glenn
D. Gobar Daniel
Karin Valentine Goins
Lt.Col. John J. Gokelman
Irving D. Isabelle G. Goldberg
David K. Goldblum
Linda M. Goldenhar
*Susan and Mark Goldhaber
Steve and Nancy Goldstein
Zhonqxin Gong and Ying Li
Harold S. Goodman
Robert M. Goodman
James E. Goodrich
Thomas and Charlotte E. Gordon
Jeremy L. Gorenstein
Jan E. Gottlieb
Kari Gould and Timothy Isaly
Graciela and Larry Grammer
Julie Berson Grand
Daniel M. Graovac
David E. Grauer
Sharon L. Gravois
Christina and David Greeley
Donna Green and Bruce Raymond
Grace and Elmer Green
Grace T. Green
Mary and Peter Greenfield
Nancy C. Gressinger
David R. Griffenhagen
Reginald and Mary J. Griffin
George P. Grillo
William A. Grills
William A. Groves
Winnifred T. Hahn
Anjum Hajat
Hakala Well and Pump Service
Aubrey M. Hall, Jr.
John and Clarice Hallfrisch
Rachel S. Halpern
Alvin Hamburg
Lawrence Philip Hand
Elizabeth A. Hanley
Casey J. Hannan
Gerald Peter Hanson
Fran and Terry Hargadon
Donald K. Harmeson
Leigh E. Harrington
William F. and Joy Marie Harsen
Thomas and Omega Hartmann
Bonnie and Gregg Hartsuff
Jeffrey R. Haskins
Cynthia Ditzel Hassan
Victor M. Hawthorne
Satoru Hayasaka
Lewis S. Hays
Catherine Heaney and Jon Krosnick
Patricia Diane Hearey
Suzanne Alexa Hecht
Michelle A. Heerey
Dorothy and I.L. Heideman
Lance K. Heilbrun
Patricia Heiler
Brant and Cindy Heise
Claudine J. Heldt-King
Keith Heller and Elizabeth Jones
Geraldine Hempelman
Julia G. Henry
Timothy and Pamela Henry
Rose L. Herring
Gary A. and Sandra L. Hess
Judith A. Hewson
John Henry Heyer
David H. Hickman
Daniel and Kimberley Hill
Bernard F. Himmelsbach
Rhonda Weiss and Allen Hirsh
Suzanne Hirst
Richard and Joann Hirth
Valerie Kivelson and Timothy Hofer
Susan Brown Hollander
Shawna L. Hollebone
Mary G. Holm
David Homa and Patricia Mitchell
Peter and Carol Hooper
Cynthia Jane Horvath
Mark Huang
James Kolton and Sharon Hucul
Cynthia C. Hudson
HONOR ROLL
“Leaving Our Mark
for Tomorrow”
James and Lynne Hudson
Cathy and David Hunter
George E. Hurtt
James M. Hylko
Deborah Engelhardt Igielnik
Jaime Isaza
Helen Drew Isenberg
Jo Anne Ivory
Sanford B. Izenson
Elizabeth D.H. Jackvony
Kathryn H. Jacobsen
Deborah L. Jacques
Rajesh K. Jain
Helen Jakstas
Judith and Alan Jameson
Mary Janevic and Robert Wierenga
Mary L. Jannausch
Annabelle F. Javier
Albert and Evelyn Jeter
Kaihong Jiang and Lin Yu
Tom E. and Diane I. Jobson
Kjell A. and Sandra M. Johansen
Bruce A. and Christine C. Johnson
Cynthia H. Johnson
Donald W. Johnson
Donald and Kate Jones
Vernell Jones
William W. Joy
Starr and Michael Joyce
*Andrea Juchartz and
Christopher Durham
Tiffin Kaczkowski
Michael and Karen Kairys
Simon J. and Marjorie G. Kalish
Maurice and Elizabeth Kaser
Lisa Lindsay and Jay Kaufman
Elizabeth and Joel Kaufman
Shirley A. Keating
Jon L. and Sara M. Keller
Janet C.R. Kelly
Robah O. Kellogg
Esther R. Kelly
*Louise and Jeffrey Kemprecos
James and Marcia Kent
Kenneth W. Kerik
Alice and Peter Kerna
Barbara and Edward Kerner
Carol McIlvoy Kersting
Morteza Khodaee
Lee L. and Mark H. Kiehl
Margaret J. Kies, B.S.
Evelyn Amy Kile
Kyung-Hee Kim
Wun Jung Kim and Yongjin Kang
Loi Kim-Le and Hong-Hoa Ho
Betty S. Kinney
Jeffrey E. Kirkey
Maureen Kirkwood and
Charles Culp
Walter Y. Kitajima
Kelly L. Klemstine
Teresa L. Kline
Katherine Therese Klykylo
Rachel S. Knopf
Dianne Kobylarz-Singer and
Raymond Singer
FALL/WINTER 2001
Stanley and Ruth Koehler
Rachel A. Kogan
Rosemary Kolasa
David J. and Elizabeth R. Kolasky
Srikant Kondapaneni
Charles and Linda Koopmann
Marjorie and Mark Kopins
Gail and Jerome Kozak
Stephanie Kakos Kraft
Howard and Judy Kramer
Andrew and Patricia Krapohl
Sharon Krittman Zeruld
Julie A. Kronk
Tanya Krupat
Warren W. Ku
Stephanie A. Kubow
Mei-Chen Kuo and Hsi-Ching Hsueh
Jan Waldemar Kuzma
Martha and Robert Kuznia
Edward Joseph Kvartek
Wendy W. Kwan
Ellen Lackey and Myron Lackley
Judith and George LaCroix
Deborah Landen and Carl Johnson
Carol G. and Geoffrey A. Lane
Elmer L. Lashua
E. Fred and Judith B. Lawrence
Elizabeth and Roger Lawrence
Ann Lazar
Egon and Sara Lazarus
Jiyoung Lee
Barry and Nancy Lefkowitz
Rogelio Sobers and
Sharon Legette-Sobers
John E. Leggat
Hilde Margaret Lehmann
Mark R. Lemak
Charles W. Lemke
Sue Leong
Kathleen and Steven Letendre
Karen P. Leung
Anton D. Levandowsky
Lynn I. Levin
Marion V. Day and Peter A. Levine
Gary and Randi Levitz
Nancy J. W. Lewis
Steve Lewitzky
Yi Li
Lisa and Michael Lieberman
Naomi A. Lieberman
Scott and Sharon Lieberman
Eli Lilly and Company Foundation
Hui-Yi Lin
Xihong and Hai Meng Lin
Brenda Lindemann
Alexander and Elizabeth Lippitt
Paula and Ken Liska
Grace M. Lockett
Kristie J. Loescher
Patrick J. Loftus
Philip C. S. Loh
James E. Long
Joan Lea Long
Vivian Ann Look
Mary Elisabeth Whittington Loos
Class of 2001 Graduating Student Pledge Program
Members of the class of 2001 who have generously
“left their mark” through gifts and pledges to the
School of Public Health are listed below. Names in
bold indicate 2001 Student Pledge Program volunteers.
Leyda Aguillon
Suhad Ajina
Rosiane Alfinito
Benjamin Asfaw
Rania Mohammad Batayneh
Andrea Beloff
Latoya Bernard
Aubrey Borland
Julie Brennan
Nicole Budrys
Andrea Cassidy
Jennifer Cayanan
Jung-Chen Chang
Johanna Chapin
Hatim Chhatriwala
Chia-Hung Chou
Kristine Cooper
Cynthia Cox
Jennifer Deneau
Diana Derige
Ebbin Dotson
Laura Erhart
Jessica Faul
Shibao Feng
Isabel Friedenzohn
Mary Carol Fromes
Judy George
Elizabeth Goldman
Kent Griffith
Sujata Guduri
Kristen Gurba
Cynthia Harms
Leigh Erin Harrington
Patricia Heiler
James Huang
Mark Huang
Kathryn H. Jacobsen
Ripple Kakkar
Kenneth Kang
Morteza Khoddaee
Kelly L. Klemstine
Steven R. Knutzen
Erika Kovacs
Marietta Krebs
Ann Lazar
Angie Ligon
Hui-Yi Lin
James E. Lively
Annemarie C. Lucas
Jennifer Magun
Laura C. Marburger
Eileen Marmora
Susan J. Marsiglia
Shailaja Rushikesh Maru
Megan McMaster
Oliver Medzihradsky
Ann Mehringer Warren
Susan Metosky
Nicole Miel-Uken
Patrick J. Miller
Lee Mills
Carla Elise Morgan
Alamelu Natarajan
Kamilah Neighbors
Katie Neighbors
Joshua Nelson
Sarah Anna Newlin
Stacey L. Olinger
Frank B. Panzarella Jr.
Sujata Patil
Afshan Peimani
Courtney Pippen
David K. Plate
Amanda Pritts
Kelly Quintal
Hans Eric Rasmussen
Imelda Reyes
Sandra Reyes
Zachary L. Rorabaugh
Jacqueline Russell
Maria Helena B.
Salles Abreu
Praveen Sateesh
Melissa S. Schneider
Erin Seedorf
Elizabeth Selvin
Dorsey Sherman
Shea Sherrod
Andrew Skol
Rhonda D. Smith
Thomas Spafford
Vesta Stuart-Akujobi
Hongxin Sun
Lynn T’Niemi
Deborah Trombley
Wen Kai Tsai
Nina Viloria
Pin-Wen Wang
Hayley Warshaw
Lisa A. White
Karen A. Wiesenauer
Maria Wilson
Sarah Worley
Wendy Wuennecke
Beth Yagielski
Il You
Carrie Ziehl
55
56
Findings
Annemarie and Ray Lopez
Thomas L. Louden
Philip T. and Marietta L. Lo Verde
Greg L. Lower
Mary Louise Lowther
Carlos Lozano
Barbara Meyer Lucas
Dorothy and Francis Luke
Mark R. Lundberg
Thelma M. Luther
Diahanna Lynch
Patrice B. Lyons
Edward D. Maggiore
Kristin Mahler and Luis Vazquez
Neil A. Maizlish
Richard S. Makino
Rita M. Malkki
Winfred F. Malone
Mary and George Mansfield
Michael C. and
Carolyn Cramer Manz
Beth and Frank Marcoux
Elizabeth H. Margosches
Robert E. Markush
David A. and Robin M. Martz
Henry R. Mason
Jeffrey P. Massey
Gina L. Massuda
Rebecca Jean Matheny
Bessie M. Matsuda
Glynn and Barbara McArn
Ellen S. McCatty
Eleanor McClelland
E.J. McClendon
Peter D. McElroy
Peter James McErlain
Dale McHard
*Bonnie Lynn McKee
James F. McKenzie
Janice C. McKie
David and Elizabeth McLaury
Megan McMaster
Susan J. McQuade
Sandra and Allen McSweeney
Mary E. Medcalf
Oliver F. Medzihradsky
Suzanne H. Michel
Rena and Howard Milchberg
Bonnie J. Miller
David J. Miller
Mary M. Miller
Michael E. Miller
Richard L. Miller
Ruth and Roswell Miller
Karen C. Millison
Lee R. Mills
William R. Mindell
Howard G. Miner
Lisa B. Mirel
Sudarsan and Kalyani Misra
Braxton D. Mitchell
David Homa and Patricia Mitchell
William J. Mitchell
Allison R. Mitchinson
Jessica Mittler
Stephen and Wanpen Modell
Jurij Mojsiak and Lydia Martynec
Lawrence A. and Lisa J. Molnar
William S. Monsos
Sherry L. Moravy-Penchansky
Geraldine Ruth Moriarty
Palmer and Susan Morrel-Samuels
Leo and Jane Morris
Bobby W. Morrison
Charles E. Mortimore
Michael and Vicki Mortimore
William and Jean Morton
Mark N. Moskowitz
Jason F. Moy
Oliver A. Muhonen
Ella Mae Murdie
Eisuke P. and Daryll H. Murono
Timothy Michael Murphy
David C. and Janice E. Musch
David S. Myers
Scott A. Nabity
Nelia C. Nadal
Monika Naegeli
Laura and John Napiewocki
Gloria E. Nastas
Audrey L. and Thomas J. Negrelli
Victoria A. Neidell
Frances A. Neil
Jennifer A. Nelsen
Jill M. Ness
Sharon F. Neuwald
J. Irvin Nichols, Jr.
Cameron and Leo Niederman
Evald J. and Elizabeth S. Nielsen
Joseph and Lori Niemer
Gordon D. Nifong
Vicki Lynn Nighswander
Jennifer M. Noke
Frances E. Norlock
Gwendolyn S. Norman
Vern L. Norris
Susan Ann Norwell
David and Charlotte O’Connor
Benedict and Joyce I. Okwumabua
*Thomas and Stacey Olendorf
Paul D. Oppedisano
Barbara S. Oppewall
Kimberly A. Orsborn
Reka and Jeffrey Osborne
Lori D. Osowski
Kimberly R. Ostrowski
Dennis Anthony Palmieri
Jeffery and Renee Parent
David and Nancy Parker
Patricia H. Parkerton
Jon B. Parsons
Violet and Renato Pascual
Stefani J. Pashman
Bernard Passer
Timothy Peter Pastoor
Sujata Patil
M. Isabel Patterson
Carol and Stephen Paul
Linda and Scott Paul
Richard A. Penhallegon
John R. and Margaret W. Perkins
Mary Beth Perri
Lynn Stern and Neal Persky
Douglas M. Person
Carl Peter
Charles K. Peters
Leenu E. Peterson
Miriam Peterson
Vern and Monica Peterson
Barbara and Gary Pfeiffer
Peter W. Pharis
Stephen L. Phillips
Mary Phillpotts
Boguslaw and Caryl Piekarski
Stephen and Mary Lou Pijar
Mary Pipp Petillo
Ronald Pisoni and Linda Phillips
Martha J. Pituch
David K. Plate
Alice Plihall
Nicole H. Pliner
Trever S. Portenga
Alice I. Porter
Manishi Prasad
James Lee Pratt
A. Michael and Christine Preuss
Kevin and Mary Price
Carol and Kenneth Prince
Richard N. Prince, Jr.
Vera V. Pruitt
James L. Pullella
Roberta A. Purdon
Terry F. Quill
Russell H. Quynn III
John W. Raevuori
Mrinalini Rao and George Strohl
Marisa Raphael
Hans E. Rasmussen
Brynn W. Raupagh
Evan Jay Ray
Timothy Byrne and Joy Radke Reade
Charles E. Reed
R. David and Judith Z. Reed
Susan G. Reed
Marcelle J. Reilly
Julie Reisman
Marian M. Rejent
Ruth Louise Renneckar
Maria and Bernard Restuccia
Sandra Reyes
Daniel P. Reyner
David A. V. Reynolds
Sandra Rae Reynolds
Sandra Jean Rhoades
Suzanne and Thomas Rhodenbaugh
Daniel and Tawny Rhodes
Joseph Edward Rich
E. Earl and Ann C. Richards
Charles and Mary A. Richardson
Eunice E. Richardson
Nicholas D. Richie
Kenneth and Kathleen Richmond
James A. Rider
Timothy Riley and
Maureen Adams Riley
Bruce Leigh Riser
James C. Ritchie
Peter E. Rivard
Julio Rivera, Jr.
Mary Ann Rizk-McKenna
Michael C. Roach
Alma Roberts
Shirley and Peter Roberts
James P. Robertson
Marian M. Romine
Rose M. and Rocco Roncone
Daniel W. Rosenberg
Mark H. Rosenblum
Jay M. Rosin
Janet D. and Bernard C. Rost
Roger Schwarz and
Kathleen Rounds
Robert and Lucille M. Rowe
Catherine Cowie and Keith Rust
Robin Ruthazer
Daniel A. Rutt
Irene P. Ryan
Joan Rychter and Terry Quill
Mary and Anwar Saadeh
Debra Sachs
Barbara S. Saltzman
Jack F. Samuels
Michael B. Sanders
James F. Sandmann
Lesly Sanocki
James Joyce and Emily Santer
SBC Foundation
Wendy and Douglas Scales
Donald and Anna Schaefer
Evelyn and Don Schaffer
Richard and Nancy Schell
Warren K. and Jill R. Schimpff
Robert and Pamela M. Schmidt
Kristie Schmiege and
Charles Witbrodt
John Francis Schmitt
Jay and Samantha Schneider
Spencer and Eleanor Schron
Richard J. Schulman
Cheryl C. Schultz
David and Amy Schulz
Donald and Ann Schwartz
Vera and Seymour Schwartz
*Edith Sanders Schweikle and
George Schweikle
George Emanuel Scordalakes
Toshiko Seeman
John and Laura Senk
Frank C. Sentz, Jr.
Jeffery A. Sepesi
Barbara C. Serena
Jugna J. Shah
Elias A. Shaptini
Frances H. Shaw
Anne Harris Sheetz
Joanne R. Sheldon
Charles Joseph Shields
Sandra and George Shimabukuro
Aline and Joseph Shimer
Kent D. Shoemaker
HONOR ROLL
Dorothy M. Siebert
Meta Sien
Deborah R. Siena
Jay Starr Silhanek
Douglas M. Silverstein
Jane and Joel Simmermon
Wendy Uhlmann and
Michael Simon
Lori Simon-Rusinowitz and
Martin S. Rusinowitz
Robert M. Simons
Laura and Henry Sims
Susannah and James Sinard
Shari B. Sitron
Sara J. Skinner
Peg Smelser and Jody McCann
April J. Smith
Barbara R. Krienke Smith
Charles and Myrna Smith
Florence A. Smith
Lorie L. and Ronald H. Smith
Tzena M. Smith
Kathleen M. Smith-Zaremba
David R. Snavely
Nanette Schneider Snowden
Barbara H. Snyder
Pamela R. and Brian D. Snyder
Woosung Sohn
Gayle A. Sohr
Samuel R. Sommers
Arleen H. Song
Lisa A. Soroka
Lyla Mae Spelbring
Janet and Vincent Spencer
Cathi L. Spivey-Paul
Peggy L. Spohr
John Morgan Springs, Jr.
Square D Foundation
Michael P. Stebbing
Laura Zucker Stein
Richard P. Steiner
Deborah A. Stevens
Joan Ann Stewart
Susan Phillippe Stewart
Terrence J. Stobbe
Mary and Leon Stock
*Jane and Richard Storer
Alberta and Albert Strasser
Heather and James Stringham
T.R. and Kaye G. Strong
Howard and Crystal Stroud
Cynthia S. Stuart
Gregory D. Sudia
Sayeeda Masthan Sultana
Hong-Xin Sun
Michael and Cheryl Symons
Beverly Ann Tamas
Kenneth A. and
Bonna L. Tannenbaum
Deanna S. Tarry
Marjorie and George Tattersfield
Rosalva C. Teftsis
Telcordia Technologies
Mary A. Telfeyan
FALL/WINTER 2001
Ruth and Leonard Templin
Fred and Mary L. Tenbusch
Martha and Ronald Tess
Joyce E. Thompson
Margaret Mc Cracken Thompson
Tom P. and Linda J. Thorvaldsen
Daniel J. Tisch
Scott and Jill Tomar
Heather and Gabriel Torok
Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc.
Charles A. Towsley
Victor M. Toy
David and Ella Treloar
Deborah Trombley
Karen McGuire Trompeter
Jesse E. Trow
Carol Tucker and John Lindeberg
Harley and Marjorie Ulbrich
Udoro and Elizabeth Uwedjojevwe
Douglas and Peggy Vanbrocklin
Kathryn and Richard Vander-Broek
Henry A. and Mary D. Vander Kaay
Jane VanderKolk
Scott and Jill Vanderstoep
Amy and Sam Vansen
Kristin Mahler and Luis Vazquez
James Luther Vesper
Frances Mary Veverka
Krishnaswami Vijayaraghavan
Steven A. Vinson
Ronald A. Voice
Helen and Masayoshi Wakai
Henry V. Walkowiak
Bernita S. Waller
Patricia F. Waller
Madonna R. Walters
Mary A. Wand
Pin-Wen Wang
Jamie and Lawrence Warbasse
David and Alice Ward
Suzanne K. Warnimont
Hayley S. Warshaw
Lisa Danto and Arlin Wasserman
Judith A. Weber
Kevin Weber and Nancy Gallagher
Bertrand W. Weesner, Jr.
Ganesa Wegienka
Beth A. Weimerskirch
Fran H. Weinstein
James L. and Fran H. Weinstein
Steven and Dana S. Weinstein
Martha Weintraub and Peter Smith
Sheryl Shellman Weir
Estelle L. Weismiller
Rhonda Weiss and Allen Hirsh
Carolyn E. Weissbach
Christina R. Welter
*Judith and Mark Wendt
Lindsey D. West
Noel and Norman Wheeler
G. Hoyt Whipple
Patrick J. White
Robert and Sandra White
Karen A. Wiesenauer
Kenneth R. Wilcox, Jr.
Jean C. Willard
Daniel E. Williams
Ellis E. Williams
Albert L. Wilson
Patricia D. Wilson
Rebecca R. Wilson
Jennifer Winder and Thomas Kunysz
Ronald W. Winters
Christine and Jeffrey Wishko
Gertraud Wollschlaeger
Marlene Wolpert
Christina M. Wong
Francis H. Woo
Jean M. Wood
Richard D. Wood
James L. Woodring
Marilyn and Gerald Woolfolk
Susan M. Wozenski, J.D.
Seth and Margaret Wright
Michelle E. Wright
Jeri L. Yee
Nancy and Andrew Yiannias
Michael G. Yochmowitz
Marianne and Steven Yood
Lisa Jeanne Yost
Karen L. and Steven R. Ytterberg
Olga Zaragoza
Kathryn W. Zavaleta
Ronald E. Zelac
Marcus and Ellene Zervos
Carrie L. Ziehl
Joan and Louis Zieja
Janet and Mark Zimmerman
Karl and Mary Zollner
Larissa Zoot
Elizabeth and Edward Zorvan
Norbert Y. and Phyllis M. Zucker
Mark S. Zuniga
Gifts to Special Funds
S.J. Axelrod Fund
Pearl G. Axelrod
Leslie Anne Benecki
Alisa C. Bennett
Robert John Brown
Patricia A. Butler
Sally Kolb Calef
Elizabeth A. Daubert
Jack B. and Ruth H. Franklin
Gary L. Gambill
Louis Robert Giancola
Arthur R. and Renee F. Goshin
George Gross
Cynthia Marie Grueber
Elizabeth W. Jones
Michael T. Keough
Marc D. Keshishian
Patrick F. and Jo Anne Killeen
Leo and Hilda Lang
Sherie Lem
Sue Leong
Anton D. Levandowsky
Lynn I. Levin
Richard L. Lichtenstein and
Gail Ryan
Stephen H. Lipson
Lois Lourie
Jo Anne Huntley Magee
Kenneth and Andrea Marcus
William C. McCaughrin
Marcia Metcalfe
Ann Patterson Munro
Barbara S. Oppewall
Darwin Palmiere
Patricia H. Parkerton
Joseph F. Piffat
Marisa Raphael
Richard J. Schulman
Vera and Seymour Schwartz
Lynn and Steven Singer
Peg Smelser
Marc J. Smith
Thomas W. Smith
A. Thomas Snoke
Constance D. Sprauer
Katherine and Anthony White
Daniel B. Wolfson
Frederick J. Barten Memorial
Scholarship
Maria B. Abrahamsen
Richard A. Berman
Renee Diane Dillon
Barbara Exline
David Struif and
Susan B. Exline-Struif
Sandi and Marco Ferretti
Al and Ellen Freedman
Mark P. Herzog
William and Marcia Hochkammer
David and Barbara Ippel
Tiffin Kaczkowski
Mary Kershner
David J. and Elizabeth R. Kolasky
Kathrin E. Kudner
Dallas K. Larson
Stephen H. Lipson
Rosser L. Mainwaring
Donald P. Potter
Susan Birch Reinoehl
Ken and Stacy Samet
Douglas M. Silverstein
Dean Gordon Smith
Robert A. Songe
Robert and Karen Sowislo
Sharon G. and Larry R. Suter
A. James Tinker
Noel and Sally Wilson
Marshall H. Becker
Scholarship Fund
Felicia R. Becker
Libbie A. Buchele
Ronald W. Chapman
57
58
Findings
Diane E. Christensen
Cheryl L. Damberg
Cecelia A. Fydroski
GlaxoSmithKline
Sivana T. Heller
Marc D. Keshishian
Maureen T. Kirkwood
Nancy Klehr
Stephanie A. Kubow
Deborah Otcasek Lucas
James F. McKenzie
Thomas and Elizabeth Morley
David C. and Janice E. Musch
Ilaine L. Packman
David K. Plate
Abby C. and Lawrence M. Rosenthal
Karen J. Roth
Erik and Ann Stalhandske
Don P. Haefner
Isadore Bernstein Fund
Victor A. and Ludmila I. Bernstam
Claire Bernstein
Kenneth and Amy Colton
Felix and Graciela De La Iglesia
Lloyd and Genie Dethloff
Phyllis W. Foster
Terry F. Quill
Jeffrey A. Roberts
Mara Julius
Barry P. Katz
Tsui-Ying and Hua-Tie Thomas Kau
Katrinka T. Kip
Robert H. Kushler, Jr.
Bryce and Anna Landenberger
Ann Lazar
Chien-Fu Lin
Majaro Info Systems, Inc.
Lorrie A. Mamlin
Richard E. Meetz
Stephen and Wanpen Modell
Jurij Z. Mojsiak
Sharon A. Naberhuis-Stehouwer
Jane M. Olson
Jack and Jean Peirce
Ronald L. Pisoni
Rosemary F. Roberts
Linda J. Shurzinske
STATPROBE, Inc./Lora Schwab
and Mark Becker
Heather and James Stringham
Jeremy and Elizabeth Taylor
Steven and Diane Telian
John M. Toomasian
Well-Spring Psychiatry, P.C.
Weiying Yuan
Warren Cook Prize
Jan deVries Memorial
Scholarship
Joel B. Charm
Therese H. Franco
Mark Huang
E. Fred and Judith B. Lawrence
Marjorie Cripps
Oliver F. Medzihradsky
William R. Mindell
Arnold S. and Ellyne Monto
Richard G. Cornell
Scholarship Fund
Avedis Donabedian Memorial
Scholarship
Susan L. Almy
Joseph and Christine Andary
Dallas W. Anderson
Michael Boehnke and Betsy Foxman
William D. and Judith E. Browning
Marshall Nils Brunden
Trudy L. Burns
Robert Burnside
Margaret A. Child
Marilyn E. Conlon
Kristine Cooper
Richard G. Cornell
Sherry and James Courtney
Carl F. Dmuchowski
The Dow Chemical Company
Foundation
Joel Bruce Greenhouse
Martha Joan Greiner
Bonnie and Gregg Hartsuff
Suzanne Alexa Hecht
Eugene R. and Mary M. Heyman
Mari Anne Jacquez
Linda Bennett and
Robert Bagramian
Violet H. Barkauskas
Rashid and Naziha Bashshur
Armen and Susan Donabedian
Margaret Donoian
Kathryn and Michael Eskandarian
Marsha and Eugene Feingold
Victor M. Hawthorne
Florence M. Johnston
Jennifer Elston Lafata and
Mark Lafata
Richard Lichtenstein and Gail Ryan
David A. and Robin M. Martz
Catherine McLaughlin and
Leon Wyszewianski
Robert Morris
Mary Beth Perri
Arsen K. Sanjian
Aline and Joseph Shimer
Henry A. and Mary D. Vander Kaay
John R. Griffith
Scholarship Fund
Joseph A. and Frances J. Aponte
John and Mary Pat Ashby
Alisa C. Bennett
Sally Mason Boemer
Clarence McDonal Brewton, Jr.
David T. Brooks
Bruce F. and Janet M. Buchanan
Linda A. Burns
J. Dennis and Lynne M. Bush
Elaine and Richard Cameron
Charles R. Carpenter
Ralph J. Cerny
Chin-Un Chang
Michael and Susan Chernew
Carol and John Cleary
Nancy and Howard Collens
Jideofor N. Dallah
Michael J. Daly
Dorothy and D. Robert Deremo
Janet and Thad Dombrowski
Linda and James Friedman
Marcus and Catherine Gullickson
May and John Herr
Kathryn J. Herron
Ronald Holroyd and Alison Powers
Kenneth L. Hopkins
Intel Foundation
David and Linda Janotha
Robert B. and Geri Johnson
Lee L. and Mark H. Kiehl
Arnold and Laura Kimmel
Katherine Therese Klykylo
Enid F. Krasner
Julie A. Kronk
Dallas K. Larson
Patricia and Michael Lay
William Barton Leaver
Deborah M. Lee-Eddie
Sandra and Wayne Lerner
Kathleen and Steven Letendre
Debra Liebler-Rogers and
Russel Rogers
Asad M. Malik
Robert McCann and Mona Signer
John and Ellen McDaniel
Lee R. Mills
Julie Anne Morin
Gary B. Morrison
Jennifer Hawkins Murray
Brenda W. and Stephen R. Perry
The Peterson Network
Robert Paul Pfotenhauer
Robert Platt
Joel Alan and Tamar Judith Port
Donald P. Potter
Kevin and Mary Price
Khari S. Reed
Lawrence T. Riesser
Michael Terrance Rowan
Nicole and Amir Rubin
Peter I. Rushefsky
Jennifer Russell Highland
Steven T. and Linda M. Ruwoldt
Douglas and Kristen Ryckman
Francis M. Saba
Kenneth and Stacy Samet
Jonathan L. Segal
Susannah and James Sinard
Dean Gordon Smith
Edward Timothy Smith
Sue E. Smith
Leah S. Tang
Mark and Beth Ann Taylor
Michael J. Tuohy
Danielle P. Turnipseed
Chris and Deborah VandenBroek
Frederick D. and Gail S. Warner
Kenneth J. Wine
Karen Ostberg Wolter and
Jason Wolter
Christina M. Wong
Lawrence A. Hill
Scholarship Fund
W. W. and Marilyn Feuer
William S. Monsos
Monte Hobbs Memorial Funds
Rosiane S. Alfinito
Barbara and Clifton Evans
James and Phyllis Heacock
Jeffrey E. Kirkey
Rosemary A. Rochford
Richard Janz Memorial Fund
Lynna K. Chung
Cathleen Connell
Kenneth J. Steinman
Deanna S. Tarry
Walter J. McNerney
Leadership Award
Ken and Pat Ackerman
Charles M. and Marian L. Allmand
John C. Bay
Howard Berman
Robert F. Burgin
Peter and Jessie Butler
Thomas B. Coles, Jr.
David C. Dimendberg
William J. Downer, Jr.
Daniel and Miriam Finch
W. Raymond and
Margaret Jane Ford
Michael and Margaret Fritz
Albert F. Gilbert
John R. and Helen K. Griffith
HONOR ROLL
Matching Gift Funds
Wolfgang Haas
Linda Havlin and Paul Boulis
Kevin F. Hickey
Carl Marrs and Julia Richards
Donna J. Melkonian
Wade Mountz
John Bernard Neff
Nancy M. Schlichting
Robert and Kathryn Trautman
Barney and Leanne Tresnowski
Gail L. and Lois Warden
Stuart A. Wesbury, Jr.
Jack and Francey Wheeler
Francis E. Payne Fellowship
Lawrence S. Amesse
Kenneth W. Cochran
Betty and Albert Cohen
Victor M. Hawthorne
Kelly L. Klemstine
Anita H. Payne
Mrinalini Rao and George Strohl
Bruce Leigh Riser
Carolyn M. Bergholz-Schutte
PHSAD Alumni Scholarship
Fund–Selena D. Brown
Award
Shirley Appiah-Yeboa
Rhonda Augustine
Gyasi C. Chisley
Emmanuel Curry
Jideofor N. Dallah
Rachel S. Halpern
George E. Hurtt
Grace M. Lockett
Peter Tate
Steven A. Vinson
Nathaniel and Sheila Wesley
Robert and Lena Williams
Evelyn and Claybron Wisham
Mabel Rugen Fund
Robert A. Bowman
Donald A. Campbell
Doris L. Davenport
Christine N. Ling
E.J. McClendon
Carl Peter
James L. Pullella
Richard W. Ronder
Philip J. Rutledge
Scott K. and Frances U. Simonds
Robert M. Simons
Elena M. Sliepcevich
Howard and Crystal Stroud
Ruth and Leonard Templin
Martha and Ronald Tess
Shirley F. Urynowicz
Marvin Selin
ScholarshipFund
Orene Bryant
Rita Loch Caruso
Ronald and Deborah Freedman
Barbara Israel and Richard Pipan
Frances A. Larkin
Dennis and Susan Levin
Alan and Terri Mellow
Betty B. Remington
Harriet C. Selin
Don P. Haefner
George B. Simmons Fund
Cheryl L. Damberg
Michelle A. Heerey
Jane L. MacKie
Barbara Shane and Michael W. Cox
Margaret and Douglas Tsitouris
Richard Remington
Memorial Fund
William C. Steeler
Scholarship Fund
Ralph F. and Elizabeth Frankowski
Daniel and Mary Frantz
Rosalie Brum Karunas
Jean A. Lakin
William and Jean Morton
Betty B. Remington
Don P. Haefner
Jean C. Willard
Margaret and Anthony Bur
Robert and Virginia A. Eckardt
Judith N. Herr
Dennis M. Paradis
David A. V. Reynolds
Marc J. Smith
John H. Romani Alumni Award
Lawrence Chadzynski
Nancy G. Kinney
John Romani and Barbara Anderson
Marjorie and George Tattersfield
Patricia F. Waller
FALL/WINTER 2001
David F. Striffler Fund
E. Joseph Alderman, Jr.
Bernerd and Harry Allmon
Shirley A. Austin
Wenche S. Borgnakke
Brian A. and Elizabeth R. Burt
James J. Calderone
Joan D. and Robert J. Collins
Lee A. Counsell
Charles E. and Doris T. Dixon
Rosemary E. Duffy
Stephen and Susan Eklund
Caswell A. Evans, Jr.
Garry C. and Barbara Wirth Faja
We are grateful to the companies, corporations,
and foundations who have provided matching
gift support. We also thank our individual donors
who, together with their employers, have increased
their levels of giving through matching gifts.
Abbott Laboratories Fund
Aetna Foundation, Inc.
American Home Products Corp.
The Boeing Company
Cigna Foundation
Consumers Energy
DaimlerChrysler Fund
Deloitte & Touche Foundation
The Dow Chemical Company Foundation
Dow Corning Corporation
Eaton Charitable Fund
Equiva Services, L.L.C.
Ernst & Young Foundation
ExxonMobil Foundation
Fidelity Foundation
Ford Motor Company Fund
GE Fund
Glaxo Wellcome, Inc.
GlaxoSmithKline
Intel Foundation
Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies Contributions Fund
W.K. Kellogg Foundation
Eli Lilly and Company Foundation
Lucent Technologies Foundation
Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation
The Merck Company Foundation
Michigan Industrial Hygiene Society
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Foundation, Inc.
Monsanto Fund
Pennsylvania Power & Light Co.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Foundation
Raytheon Charitable Foundation
SC Johnson Fund, Inc.
SBC Foundation
Square D Foundation
Telcordia Technologies
Tetra Tech EM Inc.
Time Warner Foundation, Inc.
Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc.
USX Foundation, Inc.
Vanguard Group Foundation
59
60
Findings
Donor Response Form
Legacy Donors to the
The following people have included the School of
Public Health in their estate plans. Any person
who makes an estate gift to the University of
Michigan is eligible to join the university’s John
Monteith Society.
Mary L. Cretens
Doris L. Davenport
Jean Dorsett-Robinson
Chester and Joy Douglass
Elizabeth M. Dusseau
James P. Fitzgerald
W. Raymond C. Ford
Jean H. Gerende
John H. Goodnow
Wolfgang Haas
Patricia and
Jacob C. (dec.) Holper
Willard H. Johnson, Jr.
William H. Krebs
John J. LaFerla
Jean A. Lakin
Mark W. Legnini and
Kathleen E. Hughes
William E. Madigan
Dolores M. Malvitz
Joya L. Neff
Barbara Holland Perry
Betty B. Remington
If you have included the School of Public Health
in your estate plans, we would like to include you
in this list. Please call the Office of Development
and External Relations at 734.764.8093 and ask
to speak to either Terri Mellow or Lori Rebhan.
Jay Wolfe Friedman
Eric Bothwell and A. Isabel Garcia
Harold S. Goodman
Kari Gould and Timothy Isaly
Sharon L. Gravois
Jed and Patricia Hand
Charles M. Hefflin
Edward and Harleth Herremans
Herschel S. Horowitz
Donald W. Johnson
Donald and Kate Jones
Anil Joshi
Staurt A. Lockwood
Joan Lea Long
Thomas L. Louden
James T. and Mary S. Lovett
Mark D. Macek
Michael C. and Carolyn Cramer
Manz
Michael J. Marcincuk
Joan M. McGowan
Hermine McLeran
Donald and Scarlett Navarro
William Joseph Niendorff
Mary Vogt-Petterson and Bruce
Petterson
Tassanee Prasopkittikun
Susan G. Reed
David M. Repasky
E. Earl and Ann C. Richards
Sandra and John Robinson
Marian M. Romine
Karen J. Roth
Edith Sanders Schweikle and
George Schweikle
Charles and Myrna Smith
Woosung Sohn
Square D Foundation
Ruth L. Striffler
Scott and Jill Tomar
Joseph S. Toups
Karen McGuire Trompeter
Bertrand W. Weesner, Jr.
Beth A. Weimerskirch
Marilyn and Gerald Woolfolk
Myron and Isabel Wegman
Scholarship Fund
David D. and Jane Dunatchik
Anne and James Ford
Mara Julius
Rena and Howard Milchberg
Carmen B. and Harry S. Mockrud
Frank L. Morton, M.D. Trust
Jane and Richard Murdock
Sujata Patil
Robert D. Reid
Don P. Haefner
Paula A. Tavrow
Hayley S. Warshaw
Myron E. Wegman
Does your name appear accurately?
It is our goal to list your name as you want it to appear. But we
need your help. If you are not satisfied with your name as it
appears on the honor roll or on the address label from this issue
of Findings, please complete and return this form indicating your
preference.
My name(s) preference for the Donor Honor Roll:
Please use this address for School of Public Health correspondence:
❍ I wish to make a gift to the School of Public Health’s
Enrichment Fund at this time.
❍ I wish to make a gift to the School of Public Health.
Please designate my gift to the following fund:
❍ Enclosed is my check (payable to the University of Michigan)
in the amount of $
❍ Enclosed is my employer (or my spouse’s) matching gift form.
❍ Please charge my gift:
❍ Visa
❍ Master Card
❍ Discover
❍ American Express
Account Number
Expiration Date
To ensure credit in the current calendar year, your gift must be received by December
15, 2000. (The honor roll to be put in the fall 2001 issue of Findings will include gifts
received July 1, 2000 through June 30, 2001)
We would be happy to send you information on:
❍ Establishing a trust or bequest
❍ Creating endowed fellowships
❍ Funding program initiatives
❍ Funding graduate student research and travel
On the Internet, please visit http://www.sph.umich.edu/
Your comments and suggestions are welcome. Thank you!
Office of Development and External Relations
University of Michigan School of Public Health
109 South Observatory #3508
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029

A World Imagined New - University of Michigan School of Public

Transcription

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