docPlant Selections for Oklahoma
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Plant Selections for Oklahoma
Outdoor Water Conservation Plant Selections for Oklahoma The City of OKLAHOMA CITY UTILITIES DEPARTMENT Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service About this guide: The City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department has partnered with the Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service and the Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture to promote outdoor water conservation through proper outdoor watering and drought-tolerant landscaping. The plants listed in this guide are suitable for Oklahoma and were chosen for their heat and drought tolerance. How to use this guide: This booklet is separated by annuals, perennials, ornamental grasses, vines, groundcover, shrubs, and trees. Each plant is listed alphabetically by its common name. The mature height and width is listed, which should be kept in mind when planning a landscape. The growing conditions include the light requirements and soil preference. Additionally, the last page of this booklet contains information for planning your landscape design. This plant list is not all inclusive and many other plants not listed in this booklet may be appropriate for the landscape. Authors: Courtney L. Keck Samantha J. Snyder Malarie J. Gotcher John M. Schroeder Dr. Justin Q. Moss Special thanks to: Oklahoma Proven The Prairie Project OKPLANTid.org Photos Courtesy of Oklahoma State University Common Name Botanical Name Height x Width Growing Conditions Comments Annuals - Only survive one growing season Blue Daze Evolvulus pilosus 12x12” Full sun; welldrained, slightly acidic soil Use in a garden border, container, or as ground cover Cockscomb Celosia spp 12x12” Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates dry soil Good for sunny, dry borders Cosmos Cosmos spp 18-24’’ Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates low fertility Over fertilization and overwatering leads to fewer flowers 'Dakota Gold' Helenium 12x24” Full sun; welldrained soil Diamond Frost® Euphorbia graminea 18x24’’ Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil Works well in beds, containers, rock gardens, and as an accent Works well in containers, may have problems in wet soils Dusty Miller Senecio cineraria 12x12” Full sun to very light shade; welldrained soil Useful as an edging or in containers Erect sword fern Nephrolepis cordifolia Fan Flower Scaevola aemula 18x12” Partial shade; well-drained soil Very tough, drought tolerant plant 12x12” Full sun to very light shade; thrives in hot humid weather Very low growing, works well in hanging baskets Firebush Hamelia patens 24x36” Full sun; welldrained soil; thrives in summer heat Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies Full sun; well-drained soil Drought and heat tolerant Globe amaranth Gomphrena globosa 1 12x18’’ Common Name Botanical Name Lantana Lantana camara Height x Width 24x36’’ Growing Conditions Full sun; well-drained soil Madagascar Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus 8x12’’ Full sun; well-drained soil; prefers dry soil Does not perform well in cold, wet soils Marigold Tagetes spp 12x12” 24x36” Full sun; well-drained soil Used to repel insects Mexican Bush Sage Salvia leucantha 36x48” Full sun; very tolerant of heat Produces purple and while flower spikes that attract hummingbirds and butterflies Mexican Sunflower Tithonia rotundifolia Mexican Zinnia Zinnia angustifolia 48x36” Full sun; well-drained soil Full sun; well-drained soil Attracts butterflies Deadhead for continuous bloom Ornamental Peppers Capsicum spp 12x12’’ Works well as a garden border or in containers Pentas Pentas lanceolata 24x36’’ Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil and dry conditions Full sun; once established has good heat and drought tolerance Rose Moss Portulaca grandiflora 6x12’’ May self-seed the following year Silver Falls Dichondra Dichondra argentea 2-4’’ Width varies 36’’ 24’’ Full sun; grows well in hot, dry rock gardens or as edging Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates drought Full sun; welldrained, dry soil Snow-on-themountain Euphorbia marginata 2 12x12” Comments Excellent performance under hot conditions; attracts butterflies Can take cuttings at the end of the summer and will continue to bloom in a warm, south facing window Accent for hanging baskets and containers Native plant that can reseed aggressively. Use with caution Common Name Botanical Name Spider Flower Cleome spp Height X Width 18x36’’ Width varies 24x12” Growing Conditions Full sun; moist, well-drained soil Summer Snapdragon Angelonia angustifolia 12-24’’ Full sun; well-drained, slightly fertile soil Continuous flowers through the season, won’t flower if over fertilized Sunflower Helianthus annuus Wax Begonia Begonia 2-6’ Full sun; tolerates a variety of soil types Full sun to shade; prefers soils high in organic matter May self-seed each year Yellow Bells Tecoma stans 4x4’ Full sun to part shade; welldrained soil Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds Strawflower Helichrysum bracteatum 8x12’’ Full sun; well-drained soil; tolerates dry, hot sites Comments Taller varieties good for back of the border High humidity, rainy conditions, and too much watering can harm the plant Useful in shade and sun, blooms with minimal care Perennials - Grow back every year Arkansas Bluestar Amsonia hubrichtii 36x36’’ Partial sun to light shade; welldrained soil Foliage turns yellow/orange in the fall Autumn Sage Salvia greggii 28x24’’ Full sun to light shade; adaptable to a variety of soil Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds Beardtongue Penstemon digitalis (various cultivars) 36-48 X 18-24” Full sun; welldrained soil, dry to medium moisture Avoid wet, poorly drained soils Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 18-36’’ Full sun; welldrained soil Can decline if weather gets hot and humid; attracts butterflies 3 Common Name Botanical Name Height x Width Growing Conditions Comments Full sun; welldrained soil ; very drought and heat tolerant Full sun to partial shade; tolerates dry and infertile sites State Wildflower of Oklahoma; attracts butterflies Works well as a border Good accent plant may go dormant in hot summers Attracts bees and hummingbirds Plants may selfseed in ideal growing conditions. Performs well in hot and humid summers Blanket Flower Gaillardia x grandiflora 12x18’’ Blue False Indigo Baptisia australis 36x48’’ Blue Fescue Festuca glauca 6-10’’ Full sun; welldrained soil, prefers dry soil conditions Blue Mist Caryopteris x clandonensis Blue Star Kalimeris Kalimeris incisa ‘Blue Star’ 24x36’’ Full sun to light shade; drought and wind tolerant Full sun to part shade; well-drained soil, tolerates both moist and dry conditions Butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa 48x36’’ Full sun; dry welldrained soil Catmint 'Walker's Low' Nepeta x faassenii 18x24’’ Full sun; moist welldrained soil Coreopsis Coreopsis spp 18x36’’ Full sun; welldrained soil Daylily Hemerocallis spp 12x36’’ Full sun to partial shade; well-drained soil Evening Primrose ‘Comanche Campfire’ Oenothera macrocarpa 9x12’’ Full sun; drought tolerant 4 12-18” Attracts butterflies to the garden Thrives in heat and drought once established Don’t over fertilize Hundreds to choose from, deadhead for re-bloom Usually found on dry sites Common Name Botanical Name Gaura ‘Siskiyou pink’ Gaura lindheimeri Height x Width 18x36’’ Giant Coneflower Rudbeckia maxima 5x3’ Hairy Lipfern Cheilanthes lanosa 6x14’’ Hardy Fall Cyclamen Cyclamen hederifolium 4X6’’ Hardy Plumbago Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 8x15’’ Hardy Winter Cyclamen Cyclamen coum 6x12’’ Hens and Chicks Sempervivum spp 4x4’’ Mugwort ‘Powis Castle’ Artemisia Purple Cone Flower ‘Magnus’ Echinacea purpurea 24x36’’ 24x36’’ Full sun; tolerant of heat and drought once established Russian Sage Perovskia atriplicifolia 24x36’’ Stonecrop ‘AutumnJoy’ Hylotelephium spectabile 18x24’’ Full sun; welldrained soil; drought tolerant Full sun to partial shade; tolerates poor soil Snow-in-Summer Cerastium tomentosum 6x12’’ 5 Growing Conditions Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil; very drought tolerant Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates heat and drought Full to partial sun; prefers dry, coarse soils Part shade; welldrained soil Full sun to partial shade; tolerates clay soil Full sun to partial shade; well-drained soil Full sun; tolerates poor soil conditions Full sun; very well-drained soil Full sun; welldrained soil Comments Easily propagated by seed Attracts butterflies Works well in a rock or wall garden Fall bloomer, fits in well for a rock garden A good plant for inter-planting with spring bulbs Fast growing Performs well in pots and on rock walls Grown for its fine textured silver foliage Easy to grow a, attracts birds; over fertilizing leads to leggy plants Useful in the back of the border Approximately 400 species Prefers dry soil Common Name Botanical Name Verbena Verbena canadensis Height X Width 4x12’’ Growing Conditions Full sun; welldrained soil Yarrow Achillea spp 12x36’’ Yucca Yucca filamentosa 48x36” Full sun; welldrained soil ; very drought tolerant Full sun; very drought tolerant Verbena-on-a-stick Verbena bonariensis 36x24’’ Full sun; welldrained soil Blender plant to fill in gaps in the flower border Myrtle Euphorbia Euphorbia myrsinites 6x12’’ Full sun; welldrained soil Excellent for rock gardens Lavender cotton Santolina chamaecyparissus 24x24’’ Full sun; welldrained soil Works well as a mixed border or as edging Dwarf Goldenrod ‘Golden Fleece’ Solidago sphacelata‘ 12-18” Good for erosion control, attracts butterflies Hyssop/ Hummingbird Mint Agastache rupestris Iris Iris Sp. Japanese painted fern Athyrium nipponicum 24x18’’ Full sun; welldrained soil, dry to medium moisture, tolerates poor and dry soil conditions Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates dry soils Full sun; welldrained soil Partial to full shade; welldrained soil Lenten Rose Hellebores 18x18’’ 6 36x12” 12x18” Partial shade; moist welldrained soil; prefers an acidic soil Comments Overwatering or poor air circulation will harm the plant Works well as an edging or in mass grouping Adds unique rigid structure to design Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies Avoid high nitrogen fertilizer Very low maintenance, contrasts well with many other shade-loving plants Evergreen, blooms in winter Common Name Botanical Name Prairie Blazing Star Liatris pycnostachya Height x Width 24-48 X12-24” Growing Conditions Full sun; welldrained soil, tolerates poor soil conditions Comments Good tolerance for drought summer heat, and humidity. Intolerant of wet soils in winter Purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea Red Hot Poker Kniphofia traingularis 24x18” Full sun; welldrained soil Native to the tall grass prairie 24-36” Full sun; welldrained soil, Great tolerance for drought and summer heat. Avoid wet, poorly drained soils Ornamental Grasses Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii 3x4’ Full sun; fertile; well-drained soil; once established can survive hot; dry sites Works as a tall background or a screen, cut back in the spring before new growth starts Blue Lyme Grass Leymus arenarius 24-36” Spreading grass best used in containers or large masses. Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans 3x3’ Full sun to partial shade; tolerant of many soil types and moisture levels Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates most soil Little Bluestem Andropogon scoparius 2x3’ Full sun tolerates hot; dry soil conditions Works well as a background plant or in mass planting Maiden Grass Miscanthus sinensis 4x3’ Can spread quickly and become a nuisance Mexican Feather Grass Nassella tenuissima 18x12” Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates moderate drought Full sun to part shade; well-drained soil 7 Cut back in late winter or early spring Only remove the top third of the plant in the spring Common Name Botanical Name Height x Width Growing Conditions Comments Northern Sea Oats Chasmanthium latifolium 24-36” Part to full shade; well-drained soil One of the more shade tolerant ornamental grasses, may self-seed Prairie Dropseed Sporobolus heterolepsis 24-48” Does not self-seed in the landscape. Flowers are noted for unique fragrance in late summer-fall. Ravenna Grass Erianthus ravennae Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 10x5’ Full sun; well drained soils. Tolerates widerange of soils, including heaving clays. Full sun; welldrained soils Full sun; welldrained soils; very drought tolerant once established Useful as a screen, very vigorous plant 3x3’ Works well as a screen Vines Boston Ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata 30-50’ Carolina Jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens 20’ Climbing Roses Rosa spp 20’ Crossvine ‘Tangerine Beauty’ Bignonia capreolata Trumpet Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens 8 Full sun to full shade; tolerant of a wide range of soils and growing conditions Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil; tolerates drought once established Full sun with eastern exposure; well-drained soil Turns scarlet in the fall 50’ Full sun; drought tolerant after establishment Evergreen, blooms in spring, grows very quickly and may need to be pruned 10-20’ Full sun to shade; very drought tolerant Flowers are not fragrant Attracts butterflies Needs good air circulation to prevent disease Common Name Botanical Name Trumpet Vine Campsis radicans Height x Width 35’ Growing Conditions Full sun; grows in almost any soil; heat and drought tolerant Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia 30-50’ Full sun to full shade; tolerates a wide range of soils Comments Extremely vigorous, should be pruned frequently, can become weedy; attracts hummingbirds Vigorous vine and easily grown Groundcover Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis spp Creeping Phlox Phlox stolonifera 8x24’’ Full sun; tolerant of dry and poor soils 6x12’’ Creeping Thyme Thymus spp 1x12’’ Full to partial shade; welldrained soil, acidic soil Full sun; welldrained soil Lily turf or Monkey Grass Liriope ssp 6’’ Width varies Partial shade, welldrained soil Sedum Sedum spp 4-6’’ Width varies Partial shade; welldrained, dry soil Some cultivars will turn purple in the winter Works well in rock gardens Very low growing, flowers in late spring and early summer Mow in the early spring to remove old growth Approximately 400 species Shrubs Althea or Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus 12x8’ Full sun to partial shade; tolerant of alkaline soils (high pH) and wind Works well as a border or screen, yearly pruning in early spring will improve flowering Bearberry Cotoneaster Cotoneaster dammeri Chaste Tree Vitex agnuscastus 24x48” Full sun to partial shade; drought tolerant Slow growing, effective in rock g ardens 10-15’ Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil; high drought tolerance Flowers attract bees 9 Common Name Botanical Name Compact Coral Barberry ‘Corallina compacta’ Berberis x stenophylla Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica Height x Width 36x48” Growing Conditions Full sun; welldrained soil; drought tolerant multiple sizes Full sun; tolerates a variety of soil types; very drought tolerant Available in a wide range of growth heights, severe pruning can stimulate basal sprouting which may be a nuisance Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac ‘Laciniata’ Rhus typhina Deciduous Holly or Possumhaw Ilex decidua 10x12’ Spreads by root suckers creating a colony Fragrant Sumac Rhus aromatica 5x4’ Full sun to partial shade; tolerates a wide range of soil types Full sun to partial shade; tolerates wet or dry sites and alkaline soils Full sun to partial shade; tolerates dry, alkaline, and windy sites Japanese kerria Kerria japonica 4x5’ Full sun to shade; moist, welldrained soil Flowers may fade more quickly in full sun Juniper Juniperus spp multiple sizes Full sun; adapted to most soil conditions Very hardy, many different cultivars available Koreanspice Viburnum Viburnum carlesii 4-6’x4-6’ Very fragrant flowers Mugo Pine Pinus mugo 4x6’ Full sun to partial shade; prefers well drained slightly acidic soil Full sun to partial shade; tolerates, dry, or windy sites 10 8x6’ Comments Low growing compact plant Red berries on female plants in late summer Male and females are separate plants, fruit is only produced if a male plant is available Slow growing, can be yellowish-green in winter Common Name Botanical Name Nandina or Heavenly Bamboo Nandina domestica Height x Width multiple sizes Growing Conditions Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil Ninebark ‘Monlo’ Physocarpus opulifolius Privet Ligustrum spp 6x5’ Full sun to partial shade; tolerates both wet and dry sites Full sun; adapted to most soil conditions Has reddish, purple foliage Shrub Roses Rosa spp 6x6’ Generally more disease resistant Smoke Tree Cotinus coggygria 10x10’ Full sun; prefers acid soils; will tolerate dry and windy sites Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates dry and windy sites Winter Jasmine Jasminum nudiflorum Yaupon Holly Ilex vomitoria 6x8’ Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil; very drought tolerant Can become weedy 12x8’ multiple sizes Comments Low maintenance shrub, prune once a year in the winter to keep it from looking leggy Can be grown as a hedge Tiny flowers in large fuzzy clusters give the plant a smoky appearance Very durable and adaptable, needs to be pruned two or three times a year to maintain a neat appearance Trees Arizona Cypress Cupressus arizonica 30-20’ Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 50-75’ 11 Full sun; welldrained soil; high drought and heat tolerance Full sun; tolerates soil compaction, wet sites, and windy conditions Good choice for Oklahoma Not an evergreen, needles fall off in the fall Common Name Botanical Name Bosnian Pine Pinus heldreichii Height x Width 30-40’ Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa 60-80’ 70-80’ Caddo Sugar Maple Acer saccharum var Caddo 50-60’ 20-35’ Cedar Elm Ulmus crassifolia 50-70’ 30-40’ Chinese Pistache Pistacia chinensis 25-35’ 25-35’ Chinkapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii 40-60’ 50-60’ Chittimwood Bumelia lanuginosa 40-50’ 25-35’ Full sun; welldrained soil Common Hackberry Celtis occidentalis 40-80’ 40-50’ Full sun; tolerates moderately wet or dry alkaline soil; and windy conditions Crabapple Malus ‘Prairifire’ 15-25’ 20-25’ Full sun; tolerates windy conditions 12 Growing Conditions Full sun; prefers dry gravely, welldrained soil Full sun; tolerates both wet and dry sites, alkaline soils, and windy conditions Full to partial sun; well-drained soil; tolerates acidic or slightly alkaline soils Full to partial sun; tolerates extended flooding and has a high drought tolerance once established Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil; high drought tolerance once established Full sun; welldrained soil; high drought tolerance Comments Can be grown as a screen or windbreak Very slow growing Very drought tolerant, sensitive to over watering. Awesome fall color Withstands heavy, poorly drained soils Bright red or orange fall color Acorns very desirable to wildlife. Young trees require training to create a tree-like form Can develop galls on leaves. Not worrisome. Tough native tree. Hundreds of cultivars, look for disease resistant trees Common Name Botanical Name Desert Willow Chilopsis linearis Height x Width 20-30’ X 15-25’ Fruitless Mulberry ‘Fruitless’ Morus alba 10-15’ X 10’ Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba 50-80’ Golden-Rain Tree Koelreuteria paniculata 25-40’ X 25-40’ Japanese Red Pine Pinus densiflora 20-30’ 20-25’ Japanese Tree Lilac Syringa reticulata 15-25’ Kentucky Coffee Tree Gymnocladus dioica 60-75’ 40-50’ Lacebark Elm Ulmus parvifolia 50-70’ X 50-60’ Oklahoma Redbud ‘Oklahoma’ Cercis canadensis ssp texensis 20-30’ X 25-35’ Osage Orange or Bodark Maclura pomifera 40-60’ X 40-60’ 13 Growing Conditions Full sun; welldrained soil; very drought and heat tolerant Full sun to light shade; tolerates drought, salt, and wind Full sun; tolerates drought, heat, air pollution, and windy conditions Full sun; tolerates drought, alkaline soil, and windy conditions Full sun; welldrained; slightly acidic soil Full sun; prefers a slightly acid soil Comments Works well as a wide screen, does not tolerate over watering Has become a weed in some areas, birds eat and distribute seeds, the fruit can be messy Select male trees, female fruit produces a bad odor Produces small yellow flowers Fairly open growth, often has a crooked trunk Produces fragrant white flowers Full sun; tolerates alkaline; dry, and windy conditions Full sun; tolerant of alkaline soil, dry and windy conditions Full sun to partial shade; welldrained soil; very drought tolerant Grows slowly, female trees produce pods Full sun; tolerates both wet and dry sites; alkaline soil and windy conditions Produces large, grapefruit-sized fruit which can be a problem in residential areas Also called a Chinese Elm Oklahoma’s state tree Common Name Botanical Name Persian Parrotia Parrotia persica Height x Width 20-40’ X 20-35’ Pinyon Pine Pinus edulis 20-30’ Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa 70-80’ Sawtooth Oak Quercus acutissima 35-45’ X 35-50’ Shantung Maple Acer truncatum 20’ 25’ Shumard Oak or Shumard Red Oak Quercus shumardii 40-60’ X 40-60’ Sugarberry Celtis laevigata 50-70’ X 50-60’ Full to partial shade; tolerates most soil conditions Attracts birds; bark is thin and easily damaged by mechanical impact Thornless Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos var inermis 30-50’ X Tolerant of small planting pits in concrete Western Soapberry Supindus drummondii 40-50’ X 30-40’ Full sun; tolerates drought; alkaline soil and windy conditions Full sun; native to infertile, dry soil 14 Growing Conditions Full sun or partial shade; welldrained, slightly acidic soil, drought tolerant once established Full sun; welldrained, dry soils Full sun; welldrained; deep soils; tolerates drought after establishment Full sun; welldrained soil; tolerates acidic or slightly alkaline soil Full sun; welldrained soil; adapted to most soil conditions Full sun; tolerates alkaline soil Comments Yellow, red, or orange fall color Does not tolerate shade Very tall, may not be suitable for residential areas Produces large acorns Excellent small tree for urban areas Requires less maintenance than some other oak trees Has a yellow fruit that matures in mid-fall Turfgrasses Common Name Botanical Name Bermuda Cynodon dactylon Buffalograss Bouteloua dactyloides Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea Zoysiagrass Zoysia spp. Growing Conditions Comments Full sun; well-drained soil Warm-season grass, turns brown in winter Full sun; clay soils; more difficult to establish in home lawns; requires little maintenance once established Shade; uses more water if planted in full sun Warm-season grass, native to Oklahoma Full sun to part shade, well drained. Warm-season, very dense turf, similar maintenance to Bermuda Cool-season grass, best suited for shaded areas where Bermudagrass or Buffalograss won’t grow For more information on turfgrasses, check out the OSU fact sheet HLA-6418 15 Plan it! Create your design plan using the graph paper below. Conduct a site evaluation and draw an aerial of your property to begin planning. Include features of the site such as fences, trees, structures or walkways. Appropriately place plants and turf areas according to sun and water requirements. Make sure to use mulch to help retain soil moisture, prevent erosion, and control weed growth. 16 The City of OKLAHOMA CITY UTILITIES DEPARTMENT Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment, financial aid, and educational services. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Director of the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost of $1.75 per copy.
