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Thank you for your purchase of this lapbook project pack from Teacher Book Bag. We
hope that this product provides a fun, learning experience for you and your student.
The Complete Thanksgiving Guide: Information, Lapbooks, and Notebooking is
academically appropriate for fourth grade through high school.
We begin with the Thanksgiving story to be read by your learners. There are
assessments as well.
The lapbook section can be completed as a stand-alone
project, or as an enrichment activity to complement your Thanksgiving unit study.
One component of this project pack is a list of recommended Thanksgiving literature.
We highly suggest that you share some of these books with your children before
beginning this lapbook together, especially if you are completing this lapbook as a
stand-alone project.
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Please read all instructions before printing any pages as you may prefer to print some
lapbook components on cardstock. Clear directions and easy-to-assemble templates
are included for every component. The layout diagrams and photos will assist you in
assembling your lapbook base and adding your templates to their proper places.
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A little tip: Do not attach the components to the lapbook base using liquid glue as it
causes the printer ink to smear. Instead, use glue sticks, adhesive strips, or any other
non-liquid adhesive.
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The final component of this eBook includes notebooking pages, both color and black
and white.
We hope you enjoy this eBook as much as we enjoyed creating it.
Happy Homeschooling!
Donna Bathalter
Teacher Book Bag
[email protected]
The Thanksgiving Story
Table of Contents
Who Were the Pilgrims?
Why did the Pilgrims Flee to Holland? Who was William Bradford?
Why Did the Pilgrims Leave Holland? The Mayflower
Cape Cod
Provisions for the Voyage
Edward Winslow, 1622 Reverend Francis Higginson, 1630 The
Mayflower Compact
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Early Exploration for the Pilgrims Epidemic Strikes
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Captain Myles Standish
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Samoset
Squanto
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Massosoit
Primary Source Material
The Mayflower Compact, an account by William Bradford, 1646
Pilgrims Settle In
Description of the First Thanksgiving Feast, Edward Winslow,
Mourt’s Relation, 1622
Thanksgiving Art and Common Mistakes of the Artists
How Thanksgiving Became a National Holiday
Sarah Josepha Hale
Abraham Lincoln’s Proclamation
George Washington, 1777, 1789
The Weapons of the Pilgrims
Governors of Plymouth Colony
Early Plymouth Homes
Wampanoag
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Pilgrim
Pilgrim’s Diet
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Excerpts from Gervase Markham’s The English Housewife, 1615
Turkey Sobaheg
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Pilgrim and Wampanoag Recipes
Boiled Bread
Pilgrim Words and Phrases
Wampanoag Words, Phrases, and Prayers
Wampanoag Today
Additional Activities
Links to Added Information
Lapbook Base Preparation
The First Thanksgiving Booklet
Mayflower Compact and Lincoln’s Declaration
The Passage Over On the Mayflower
Important People
Journey to the New World: Who, What, When, Where, and Why
I am Thankful Booklet
Massosoit Booklet
Timeline Pouch
Timeline Strips
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Cornucopia
“I Wish for My Family” Wishbones
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Recipe Cards
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Family Recipes Pocket
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“What Will Be On My Table for Thanksgiving?” (Turkey)
Wampanoag and Pilgrim Homes Venn Diagram
Corn Booklet
Pumpkin Booklet
Photos of Lapbook
Books to Enjoy
The Thanksgiving Story
Who Were the Pilgrims?
Originally called the Separatists, a group of English, later to be named
the Pilgrims, left their home of England and fled to Holland. Their goal
was to find religious freedom from King James, leader of England’s
official church. It was either flee or face harsh treatment. They chose
to leave their home behind.
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Would you leave your home because of your faith?
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Who was William Bradford?
A young eighteen-year-old Separatist, William Bradford, arrived in
Amsterdam, Holland, in August 1608. He was taken in by the Brewster
household. The Separatists, worked the lowest of jobs and lived in poor
conditions. They had spent their earnings to reach Holland. Nine
months after Bradford arrived, the Separatist congregation chose to
relocate to the smaller city of Leiden looking for better conditions.
Bradford continued to reside with the Brewster family in a poor Leiden
neighborhood known as Stink Alley. In 1611, circumstances changed
dramatically for Bradford He had turned and was able to claim his
family inheritance in 1611. Bradford bought his own house. He began
earning a reputable standing as a fustian weaver. Fustian was a heavy
cloth woven from cotton worn mainly by men.
What job would you do to survive if you were poor? What would
you choose to do if you came into a great deal of money?
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Why did the Pilgrims leave Holland?
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The Separatists, later to be called Pilgrims, became dissatisfied with
life in Holland. Their children were picking up Dutch customs and
language, and the Separatists were concerned they would lose their
own traditions and ways of thinking. They got in touch with the
Virginia Company, a group of men hoping to colonize the New World
and profit from the trade. The Virginia Company arranged for them to
settle on land within its boundaries on the eastern coast of North
America.
Tell Me about the Mayflower
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Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)
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Their ship, the Mayflower , along with the smaller vessel, the
Speedwell, left Plymouth, England on September 6, 1620. The
Speedwell sprung a leak and had to return to England.
The small merchant ship, Mayflower, 100-foot in length, had 102
passengers with a crew of approximately 30 to 40. Conditions were
very cramped. They were two months out, and the Mayflower began to
be hit with extremely strong winds. The ship‘s timbers were shaking so
badly that the caulking loosened and failed to keep out sea water. The
passengers lying in their berths became ill from the dampness. A crew
member and a passenger died, but the horror was yet to come. It was
winter, and after arriving off the coast of their destination, nearly
half of the passengers died aboard ship due to sickness.
They had spent three months at sea plus a month’s delay in England. On
November 9, 1620, they spotted land, Cape Cod Hook, now called
Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to the
Colony of Virginia, their original destination, strong winter seas forced
them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook. They finally anchored
on November 11, 1620. They had reached their new home.
Describe the voyage on the Mayflower.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower
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Cape Cod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod
Plymouth Colony
Mark Provincetown with an X.
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The Mayflower Passenger List
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John Alden
Isaac and Mary (Norris) Allerton, and
childrenBartholomew, Remember, and Mary
John Allerton
John and Eleanor Billington, and sons John and Francis.
William and Dorothy (May) Bradford
William and Mary Brewster, and children Love andWrestling
Richard Britteridge
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Peter Browne
William Butten
Robert Carter
John and Katherine (White) Carver
James and Mrs. Chilton, and daughter Mary
Richard Clarke
Francis Cooke and son John
Humility Cooper
John Crackstone and son John
Edward Doty
Francis and Sarah Eaton, and son Samuel
Thomas English
Moses Fletcher
Edward and Mrs. Fuller, and son Samuel
Samuel Fuller
Richard Gardiner
John Goodman
William Holbeck
John Hooke
Stephen and Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins and
childrenConstance, Giles and Damaris; son Oceanus was born during the
voyage.
John Howland
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John Langmore
William Latham
Edward Leister
Edmund Margesson
Christopher and Mary (Prower) Martin
Desire Minter
Ellen, Jasper, Richard, and Mary More
William and Alice Mullins and children Priscilla andJoseph
Degory Priest
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Solomon Prower
John and Alice Rigsdale
Thomas Rogers and son Joseph
Henry Samson
George Soule
Myles and Rose Standish
Elias Story
Edward Thompson
Edward and Agnes (Cooper) Tilley
John and Joan (Hurst) Tilley and daughter Elizabeth
Thomas and Mrs. Tinker, and a son
William Trevore
John Turner, and two sons
Richard Warren
William and Susanna White, and son Resolved (son Peregrine was born
shipboard in Provincetown Harbor after arrival).
Roger Wilder
Thomas Williams
Edward and Elizabeth (Barker) Winslow
Gilbert Winslow
"Mr. Ely"
Dorothy (John Carver's maidservant)
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Choose some of the passengers from the Mayflower and do an internet
search on them. Their stories are very interesting.
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Edward Winslow's Advice 1622 "Certain Useful Directions for Such as
Intend a Voyage into Those Parts" By Mayflower passenger Edward
Winslow as published in Mourt's Relation : A relation or journal of the
beginning and proceedings of the English Plantation settled at Plimoth
in New England, London, 1622 "Now because I expect your coming
unto us, with other of our friends, whose company we much desire, I
thought good to advertise you of a few things needful. "Be careful to
have a very good bread-room to put your biscuits in. Let your cask for
beer and water be iron-bound, for the first tier, if not more. Let not
your meat be dry-salted; none can better do it than the sailors. Let your
meal be so hard trod in your cask that you shall need an adz or hatchet
to work it out with. Trust not too much on us for corn at this time, for
by reason of this last company that came, depending wholly upon us,
we shall have little enough till harvest. Be careful to come by some of
your meal to spend by the way; it will much refresh you. Build your
cabins as open as you can, and bring good store of clothes and bedding
with you. Bring every man a musket or fowling-piece. Let your piece be
long in the barrel, and fear not the weight of it, for most of our
shooting is from stands. Bring juice of lemons, and take it fasting; it is of
good use. For hot water, aniseed water is the best, but use it sparingly.
If you bring anything for comfort in the country, butter or salad oil, or
both, is very good. Our Indian corn, even the coarsest, maketh as
pleasant meat as rice; therefore spare that, unless to spend by the way.
Bring paper and linseed oil for your windows, with cotton yarn for your
lamps. Let your shot be most for big fowls, and bring store of powder
and shot. I forbear further to write for the present, hoping to see you
by the next return. So I take my leave, commending you to the Lord for
a safe conduct unto us.”
Make a List of the Preparations/Provisions
Suggested by Edward Winslow in 1622
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Provisions List 1630
By Reverend Francis Higginson, London, 1630
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A Catalog of such needefull things as every Planter doth or ought to provide to go to
New-England Victuals for a whole yeere for a man:
8 Bushels of meale
2 Bushels of Otemeale
1 Gallon of Aquavitae
1 Firkin of Butter
2 Bushels of pease
1 Gallon of Oyle
2 Gallons of Vinegar
Apparell:
1 Monmouth Cap
1 Wast-coat
1 Suit of Frize
2 Paire of Sheets
3 Falling Bands
1 Suit of Canvas
3 Paire of Stockings
1 Paire of Blankets
3 Shirts
1 Suit of Cloth
4 Paire of Shooes
1 Course Rug
7 Ells of Canvase to make a bed and boulster
Armes:
1 Armor compleat
1 Sword
1 Bandilier
60 Pound of Lead
1 Long peece
1 Belt
20 Pound of Powder
1 Pistoll
Goose shot
Tooles:
1 Broad Howe
1 Shovell
1 Felling Axe
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1 Grindstone
1 Narrow Howe
1 Spade
1 Gimblet
1 Pickaxe
1 Steele Handsawe
2 Augers
1 Hatchet
Nayles of all sorts
1 Whipsawe
4 Chissels
2 Frowes
1 Hammer
1 Broad Axe
1 Hand-Bill
Household Implements:
1 Iron Pot
1 Gridiron
Trenchers
Dishes
1 Kettel
2 Skellets
Wooden Platters
Spoons
1 Frying pan
1 Spit
Spices:
Sugar
Cloves
Mace
Fruit
Pepper
Cinnamon
Nutmegs
Also there are divers other things necessary to bee taken over to this Plantation, as
Bookes, Nets, Hookes and Lines, Cheese, Bacon, Kine, Goats, &c. From: New England’s
Plantation, or, A short and True Description of the Commodities and Discommodities of
that Country.
The Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact, rules governing their group, was signed that
day. William Bradford, later to become the second governor, was the
first to sign. They vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the
colony. The Mayflower Compact helped establish the concept of
majority rule and self-government.
Why was it important that the Pilgrims had a set of rules to be
governed by?
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Up to this time, William Bradford, age 30, had yet to assume any
leadership role in the colony. When the Mayflower anchored in what
later became Provincetown Harbor, and the time came to search for a
place for settlement, Bradford became a member of the exploration
parties.
In November and December, these parties made three separate trips
from the Mayflower on foot and by boat. They finally located what is
now called Plymouth Harbor in the middle of December. They selected
that location for their settlement. During the first expedition on foot,
Bradford got caught in a deer trap made by Native Americans and
hauled nearly upside down.
During the third exploration, which departed from the Mayflower on
December 6, 1620, a group of men including Bradford located what was
later to become Plymouth Bay. As they grew closer to the bay, a winter
storm almost sank their boat. The small exploration party suffered
from extreme exposure to the cold and waves. They managed to
successfully land on Clark's Island.
What were the early explorations to the mainland like?
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During the following days, the party explored the bay and found a
suitable place for settlement. It is now the site of downtown Plymouth,
Massachusetts. The location featured a prominent hill ideal for a
defensive fort. It is now known as Burial Hill. There were many brooks
to provide fresh water. Also, the site had been the location of a Native
American village known as Patuxet. The Patuxet tribe, numbering about
2,000, between 1616 and 1619, had been wiped out by plagues resulting
from contact with English and French fishermen. The Patuxet lacked
immunity to these diseases. Bradford wrote in his journals that the
bones of the dead could be seen in many places.
Cornfields and other cleared areas were there for the Pilgrims to
occupy. The local inhabitants, the Wampanoag, related to the Patuxet,
were in no condition to resist the arrival of the colonists.
Sadly, the Pilgrims benefited from the Patuxet’s misfortune. How do
you feel about this?
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On January 11, 1621, as Bradford was helping to build houses, he was
suddenly struck with pain in his hipbone and collapsed. Bradford was
taken to the "common house". It was the only finished building. It was
believed he would not last the night.
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Bradford recovered but many of the settlers were not so fortunate.
During the months of February and March, 1621, often two or three
people died a day. By the end of the winter, half of the 100 settlers
had died. In an attempt to hide their weakness from Native Americans
who might be watching them, the settlers buried their dead, often at
night, in unmarked graves on Cole's Hill and made efforts to conceal
the burials.
It is very grim that half of the settlers died. There was also an initial
fear that the first inhabitants, the Wampanoag would take advantage
of the settler’s weakness. Up to this point, the Pilgrims had not met
the Native Americans.
Describe in your own words what the fear of the settlers must have
been like.
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During the epidemic, there were only a small number of men who
remained healthy and bore the responsibility of caring for the sick.
One of these was Captain Myles Standish, a soldier who had been hired
by the settlers to coordinate the defense of the colony. Standish
cared for Bradford during his illness and this was the beginning of a
bond of friendship between the two men.
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Bradford would, soon after Carver's death be elected governor and, in
that role, he would work closely with Standish. Bradford had no
military experience and therefore would come to rely on and trust the
advice of Captain Myles Standish concerning military matters.
How important is it to have a friend during adversity? Are you that
kind of friend?
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On March 16, the settlers had their first meeting with the Native
Americans who lived in the region when Samoset, a representative of
Massasoit, the sachem of the Pokanoket, walked into the village of
Plymouth. He returned later with Squanto, the last of the Patuxet.
Both men spoke English.
Squanto was a friend to the Pilgrims the remainder of his life. He
taught them how to add fish to their corn seed when they planted it
in order to provide the soil with nutrients. He also taught them how to
catch eel which the Pilgrims grew to enjoy.
Why was it important that the Pilgrim’s had a friend like Samoset?
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Samoset’s visit soon led to a meeting with Massasoit himself on March
22, during which the leader of the Pokanoket signed a treaty with John
Carver, the first Governor of Plymouth. The treaty declared an alliance
between the Pokanoket and Plymouth and required the two parties to
aid each other militarily in times of need.
Imagine the arrival of the English from the point of view of the
Wampanoag. If you were a Wampanoag teenager, how would all this
appear? How do you think the elderly Wampanoag felt?
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Bradford recorded the language of the treaty in his journal. He would
soon become governor and the clause of the treaty that would occupy
much of his attention as governor pertained to assisting each other if
attacked. This agreement, although it secured the Pilgrims with an ally,
would cause problems between the English and Massasoit's rivals, such
as the Narragansett and the Massachusett.
Wars occurred between the English and native tribes. Do a little
research on King Philip’s War.
The story of the Pilgrims continues through primary source material.
Primary Source Material
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The Mayflower Compact
Signing the Mayflower Compact 1620, a painting by Jean Leon
Gerome Ferris, 1899
Modern version
(The original copy was lost. William Bradford wrote a rendition in his
journal, Of Plimoth Plantation, 1646.)
In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the
loyal subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of
God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith,
etc.
Having undertaken, for the Glory of God, and advancements of the
Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant
the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents,
solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God, and one another,
covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic; for
our better ordering, and preservation and furtherance of the ends
aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such
just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from
time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the
general good of the colony; unto which we promise all due submission
and obedience.
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In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape
Cod the 11th of November, in the year of the reign of our Sovereign
Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and
of Scotland the fifty-fourth, 1620.
Think about The Mayflower Compact and our present form of
government. How are they similar?
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The Pilgrims Finally Settle In
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They began now to gather in the small harvest they had, and to fit up
their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in
health and strength and had all things in good plenty. For as some
were thus employed in affairs abroad, others were exercised in fishing,
about cod and bass and other fish, of which they took good store, of
which every family had their portion. All the summer there was no
want; and now began to come in store of fowl, as winter approached, of
which this place did abound when they came first (but afterward
decreased by degrees). And besides waterfowl there was great store
of wild turkeys, of which they took many, besides venison, etc. Besides,
they had about a peck a meal a week to a person, or now since harvest,
Indian corn to the proportion. Which made many afterwards write so
largely of their plenty here to their friends in England, which were not
feigned but true reports.
Written by William Bradford, in Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620 - 1647
Summarize this passage in your own words.
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Description of the First Thanksgiving Feast
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Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling,
that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had
gathered the fruits of our labor. They four in one day killed as much
fowl as, with a little help beside, served the company almost a week. At
which time, amongst other recreations, we exercised our arms, many of
the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest
king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we
entertained and feasted, and they went out and killed five deer, which
we brought to the plantation and bestowed on our governor, and upon
the captain and others. And although it be not always so plentiful as it
was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from
want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.
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Written by Edward Winslow, in Mourt's Relation, 1622
Is this description the same as what you know about the original
Thanksgiving? What are your thoughts? What do you learn from this
passage that you didn’t already know?
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Thanksgiving Art
The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth, by Jennie Augusta
Brownscombe (1914)
Brownscombe’s rendition is beautiful but inaccurate. There were
90 plus Wampanoag and several tables including the head table
filled with venison, fish, eel, wild birds, and perhaps squash and
pumpkins. The four women that had survived up to this point were
busy serving over 50 Pilgrim men and children as well as the 90
plus Wampanoag.
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The First Thanksgiving 1621 by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1899)
The painting shows common mistakes:
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• The clothing worn by the Pilgrims was the wrong style and too
fine for what they had been through.
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• The Wampanoag are dressed like the Great Plains Indians. They
would have worn a few feathers, possibly just one, and
breechcloths, leggings, moccasins, and deerskins.
Why do you think artists paint The First Thanksgiving in the manner as
presented above?
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Embarkation of the Pilgrims, Robert Walter Weir (1844)
How Thanksgiving Became a
National Holiday
This is the proclamation by Abraham Lincoln declaring Thanksgiving a
national day of thanksgiving. It gave precedent to Thanksgiving
becoming a holiday.
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Before this, Thanksgiving was scheduled by each state on its own at
different times. This occurred mainly in the New England area and in
the northern states.
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Sarah Josepha Hale had been advocating for a national day of
thanksgiving as editor of the magazine, Godey’s Lady’s Book. At age 74,
she wrote to President Abraham Lincoln on September 28, 1863 asking
for the “day of our annual Thanksgiving made a National and fixed
Union Festival.” She continued, “You may have observed that, for some
years past, there has been an increasing interest felt in our land to
have the Thanksgiving held on the same day, in all the States; it now
needs National recognition and authoritative fixation, only, to become
permanently, an American custom and institution."
Sarah is often called the Godmother of Thanksgiving.
Philadelphia, Sept. 28th 1863.
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Sir.–
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Permit me, as Editress of the “Lady’s Book”, to request a few minutes
of your precious time, while laying before you a subject of deep interest
to myself and — as I trust — even to the President of our Republic, of
some importance. This subject is to have the day of our annual
Thanksgiving made a National and fixed Union Festival.
You may have observed that, for some years past, there has been an
increasing interest felt in our land to have the Thanksgiving held on
the same day, in all the States; it now needs National recognition and
authoritive fixation, only, to become permanently, an American
custom and institution.
Enclosed are three papers (being printed these are easily read) which
will make the idea and its progress clear and show also the popularity
of the plan.
For the last fifteen years I have set forth this idea in the “Lady’s Book”,
and placed the papers before the Governors of all the States and
Territories — also I have sent these to our Ministers abroad, and our
Missionaries to the heathen — and commanders in the Navy. From
the recipients I have received, uniformly the most kind approval. Two
of these letters, one from Governor (now General) Banks and one from
Governor Morgan are enclosed; both gentlemen as you will see, have
nobly aided to bring about the desired Thanksgiving Union.
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But I find there are obstacles not possible to be overcome without
legislative aid — that each State should, by statute, make it obligatory
on the Governor to appoint the last Thursday of November, annually,
as Thanksgiving Day; — or, as this way would require years to be
realized, it has ocurred to me that a proclamation from the President
of the United States would be the best, surest and most
fitting method of National appointment.
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I have written to my friend, Hon. Wm. H. Seward, and requested him
to confer with President Lincoln on this subject As the President of the
United States has the power of appointments for the District of
Columbia and the Territories; also for the Army and Navy and all
American citizens abroad who claim protection from the U. S. Flag —
could he not, with right as well as duty, issue his proclamation for a
Day of National Thanksgiving for all the above classes of persons? And
would it not be fitting and patriotic for him to appeal to the Governors
of all the States, inviting and commending these to unite in issuing
proclamations for the last Thursday in November as the Day of
Thanksgiving for the people of each State? Thus the great Union
Festival of America would be established.
Now the purpose of this letter is to entreat President Lincoln to put
forth his Proclamation, appointing the last Thursday in November
(which falls this year on the 26th) as the National Thanksgiving for all
those classes of people who are under the National Government
particularly, and commending this Union Thanksgiving to each State
Executive: thus, by the noble example and action of the President of
the United States, the permanency and unity of our Great American
Festival of Thanksgiving would be forever secured.
An immediate proclamation would be necessary, so as to reach all the
States in season for State appointments, also to anticipate the early
appointments by Governors.
Excuse the liberty I have taken
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With profound respect
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Sarah Josepha Hale,
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Yrs truly
Editress of the “Ladys Book”
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President Lincoln responded immediately.
Washington, D.C.
October 3, 1863
By the President of the United States of America.
A Proclamation.
The year that is drawing towards its close, has been filled with
the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies. To these
bounties, which are so constantly enjoyed that we are prone to
forget the source from which they come, others have been added,
which are of so extraordinary a nature, that they cannot fail to
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penetrate and soften even the heart which is habitually insensible
to the ever watchful providence of Almighty God. In the midst of a
civil war of unequaled magnitude and severity, which has
sometimes seemed to foreign States to invite and to provoke their
aggression, peace has been preserved with all nations, order has
been maintained, the laws have been respected and obeyed, and
harmony has prevailed everywhere except in the theatre of
military conflict; while that theatre has been greatly contracted
by the advancing armies and navies of the Union. Needful
diversions of wealth and of strength from the fields of peaceful
industry to the national defence, have not arrested the plough, the
shuttle or the ship; the axe has enlarged the borders of our
settlements, and the mines, as well of iron and coal as of the
precious metals, have yielded even more abundantly than
heretofore. Population has steadily increased, notwithstanding
the waste that has been made in the camp, the siege and the
battle-field; and the country, rejoicing in the consciousness of
augmented strength and vigor, is permitted to expect continuance
of years with large increase of freedom. No human counsel hath
devised nor hath any mortal hand worked out these great things.
They are the gracious gifts of the Most High God, who, while
dealing with us in anger for our sins, hath nevertheless
remembered mercy. It has seemed to me fit and proper that they
should be solemnly, reverently and gratefully acknowledged as
with one heart and one voice by the whole American People. I do
therefore invite my fellow citizens in every part of the United
States, and also those who are at sea and those who are
sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last
Thursday of November next, as a day of Thanksgiving and Praise
to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens. And I
recommend to them that while offering up the ascriptions justly
due to Him for such singular deliverances and blessings, they do
also, with humble penitence for our national perverseness and
disobedience, commend to His tender care all those who have
become widows, orphans, mourners or sufferers in the lamentable
civil strife in which we are unavoidably engaged, and fervently
implore the interposition of the Almighty Hand to heal the
wounds of the nation and to restore it as soon as may be
consistent with the Divine purposes to the full enjoyment of
peace, harmony, tranquillity and Union.
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In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused
the Seal of the United States to be affixed.
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Done at the City of Washington, this Third day of October, in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and
of the Independence of the Unites States the Eighty-eighth.
By the President: Abraham Lincoln
William H. Seward,
Secretary of State
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George Washington
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“…it is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of
Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for His benefits, and
humbly to implore His protection and favor…”
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Thanksgiving Day, October 3, 1789
In 1777, in York, Pennsylvania, the Continental Congress gave The First
National Proclamation of Thanksgiving. Meanwhile, the national capital
at Philadelphia was occupied by the British. The first draft was
created by Samuel Adams. The final version was then adapted by
Congress.
For as much as it is the indispensable Duty of all Men to adore
the superintending Providence of Almighty God; to acknowledge
with Gratitude their Obligation to him for Benefits received, and
to implore such farther Blessings as they stand in Need of: And it
having pleased him in his abundant Mercy, not only to continue to
us the innumerable Bounties of his common Providence; but also
to smile upon us in the Prosecution of a just and necessary War,
for the Defense and Establishment of our unalienable Rights and
Liberties; particularly in that he hath been pleased, in so great a
Measure, to prosper the Means used for the Support of our
Troops, and to crown our Arms with most signal success:
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It is therefore recommended to the legislative or executive Powers
of these United States to set apart Thursday, the eighteenth Day
of December next, for Solemn Thanksgiving and Praise: That at
one Time and with one Voice, the good People may express the
grateful Feelings of their Hearts, and consecrate themselves to the
Service of their Divine Benefactor; and that, together with their
sincere Acknowledgments and Offerings, they may join the
penitent Confession of their manifold Sins, whereby they had
forfeited every Favor; and their humble and earnest Supplication
that it may please God through the Merits of Jesus Christ,
mercifully to forgive and blot them out of Remembrance; That it
may please him graciously to afford his Blessing on the
Governments of these States respectively, and prosper the public
Council of the whole: To inspire our Commanders, both by Land
and Sea, and all under them, with that Wisdom and Fortitude
which may render them fit Instruments, under the Providence of
Almighty God, to secure for these United States, the greatest of
all human Blessings, Independence and Peace: That it may please
him, to prosper the Trade and Manufactures of the People, and
the Labor of the Husbandman, that our Land may yield its
Increase: To take Schools and Seminaries of Education, so
necessary for cultivating the Principles of true Liberty, Virtue and
Piety, under his nurturing Hand; and to prosper the Means of
Religion, for the promotion and enlargement of that Kingdom,
which consisteth "in Righteousness, Peace and Joy in the Holy
Ghost.
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And it is further recommended, That servile Labor, and such
Recreation, as, though at other Times innocent, may be
unbecoming the Purpose of this Appointment, be omitted on so
solemn an Occasion.
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The Weapons of the Pilgrims
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The Blunderbuss
Matchlock Musket
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This .50-caliber wheellock musket, known as the Mayflower Gun, is
thought to be the only surviving firearm among those that crossed the
Atlantic with the Pilgrims. It has been traced back to John Alden,
traditionally the first Pilgrim to step ashore at Plymouth.
Governors of Plymouth Colony
Dates
Governor
John Carver
1621–1632
William Bradford
1633
Edward Winslow
1634
Thomas Prence
1635
William Bradford
1636
Edward Winslow
1637
William Bradford
1638
Thomas Prence
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1639–1643
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1620
William Bradford
1644
Edward Winslow
1645–1656
William Bradford
1657–1672
Thomas Prence
1673–1679
Josiah Winslow
1680–1692
Thomas Hinckley
Early Plymouth Homes
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Recreation of Wigwams or Wetu
Recreation of a Pilgrim’s Home
The earliest houses in Plymouth had thatched roofs, but because they
lost so many from fire, the colony passed a law requiring new homes
to be built instead out of plank. The earliest houses had dirt floors
instead of wooden floors. Use these to create your Venn diagram.
compare the two types of homes.
There was a prominent fire and chimney area that provided the only
source of heat. Of course, it was used for cooking and had to be
tended constantly.
A garden would be to the side of each house. Vegetables and herbs
could be grown. Outside of town, each of the families was assigned a
field plot where they grew wheat, corn, peas, and beans. They also
raised large livestock in this area.
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During the Mayflower's voyage, The Pilgrims' main diet consisted
mainly of hard tack, a biscuit that was much like a cracker. They also
had pickled foods (they used vinegar as a preservative) cereal grains
like oatmeal, dried meat such as salt pork, and fish. The main beverage,
children included, was beer.
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Water was often contaminated on the voyage making people sick and
the Pilgrims knew to stay away from it. They also drank aqua-vitae, a
very strong alcohol. They knew to take lemons on the journey to
prevent scurvy.
Once settled in Plymouth, they began to learn about other sources of
food sources. The bay was full of fish, clams, mussels, and other
shellfish that could be gathered. Lobster was also plentiful. They
hunted ducks, geese, wild turkeys, and deer. They brought seeds with
them to plant vegetable and herb gardens, as well as larger crops such
as wheat, peas, and barley. While exploring the area, they discovered
large baskets full of Indian corn. It was buried in the ground on a hill
they named Corn Hill. The Wampanoag buried their corn seed in large
baskets to preserve it for the next year's planting season.
Gervase Markham's The English Housewife, 1615
(Excerpts)
If you will boil chickens, young turkeys, peahens, or any house fowl
daintily, you shall, after you have trimmed them, drawn them, trussed
them, and washed them, fill their bellies as full of parsley as they can
hold; then boil them with salt and water only till they be enough: then
take a dish and put into it verjuice [the juice of sour crab-apples] and
butter, and salt, and when the butter is melted, take the parsley out of
the chicken's bellies, and mince it very small, and put it to the verjuice
and butter, and stir it well together; then lay in the chickens, and trim
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the dish with sippets [fried or toasted slices of bread], and so serve it
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For Roasting Venison Deer
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After you have washed it, and cleansed all the blood from it, you shall
stick it with cloves all over on the outside; and if it be lean you shall
lard it either with mutton lard, or pork lard, but mutton is the best:
then spit it [put it on a spit that can be hand-rotated over the fire]
and roast it by a soaking fire [a slow-roasting fire], then take vinegar,
bread crumbs, and some of the gravy which comes from the venison,
and boil them well in a dish; then season it with sugar, cinnamon, ginger
and salt, and serve the venison forth upon the sauce when it is roasted
enough.
For Sauce for a Turkey
Take fair water, and set it over the fire, then slice good store of
onions and put into it, and also pepper and salt, and good store of the
gravy that comes from the turkey, and boil them very well together:
then put to it a few fine crumbs of grated bread to thicken it; a very
little sugar and some vinegar, and so serve it up with the turkey: or
otherwise, take grated white bread and boil it in white wine till it be
thick as a galantine [a sauce made from blood], and in the boiling put in
good store of sugar and cinnamon, and then with a little turnsole [a
plant used to as red food coloring] make it of a high murrey color, and
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so serve it in saucers with the turkey in the manner of a galantine.
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Whatever the time of year, the cool stone dairy, with its array of
earthen and pewter pans must first be visited, the supply of milk,
cream, and cheeses inspected and apportioned to the various offices.
Outside the house the herb and the kitchen gardens must claim her
attention. She must see that the fish-ponds are properly stocked with
carp and perch and those other coarse fish with which the table of the
country squire, removed far from the sea-coast, must be kept
constantly supplied.
She must make sure that the pigeons, the poultry, and the rabbits are
being fattened in sufficient quantities to fill up the corners of an everhospitable and well-covered board. Indoors, in the butteries and the
kitchens, there is the cooking and baking to be personally
superintended by the really careful housewife.
The venison must be watched that it hang exactly the right time to
make it savoury for her lord ; the hams and bacons must be cured and
hung up in the cavernous chimneys to be duly smoked.
Recipe
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Take twenty yolks of eggs, with a little cream, strain them, set them
by, then have a clean-scoured skillet, and put into it a pottle of sweet
cream, and a good quantity of whole cinammon. Set it a-boiling on a soft
charcole fire, and stir it continually. The cream having a good taste of
the cinammon, put in the strained eggs and cream into your skillet, stir
them together, and give them a warm, then have in readiness some sack
or other wine in a deep bason or posset cup, good store of fine sugar,
and some sliced nutmeg. The sack and sugar being warm, take out the
cinammon, and pour your eggs and cream very light into the bason, that
it may spatter in it, then strew on loaf sugar."
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(Sounds a little like French toast casserole.)
Recipes
Nasaump
Nasaump, a traditional Wampanoag dish, was made from dried corn,
nuts such as acorns and chesnuts, and berries. Sometimes it was
sweetened with maple syrup. Boiled in water until thickened, Nasaump
was much like porridge or oatmeal. The Pilgrims called this "Samp", an
abbreviation of Nasaump. It would be a great tradition on Thanksgiving
to start the day with a wholesome bowl of Nasaump.
(I’ll take mine without acorns, please.)
3 cups cornmeal
2 cups strawberries, raspberries, blueberries or your choice of those
1 cup crushed walnuts, hazelnuts, shelled sunflower seeds or your
choice of those
(I’d try pecans, too.)
2 quarts water
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maple syrup or sugar until it tastes just right or none at all
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Combine cornmeal, crushed nuts, and berries, and your choice of
sweetener in a pot of water and bring to a boil. Turn the heat to
medium and, stirring frequently, cook for approximately 15 minutes.
Turkey Sobaheg
Sobaheg is eaten even today by Wampanoag descendants and is their
word for stew. Similar to most stews, this one can change by using
seasonal ingredients.
1/2 pound dry beans
1/2 pound white hominy corn or grits
1 pound turkey meat without skin or bones
3 quarts cold water
1/4 pound green beans, cut
1/2 pound winter squash, peeled and cubed
1/2 cup shelled sunflower seeds, pounded to a course flour (You can
also use walnuts. This thickens the stew.)
dried onion and/or garlic to taste
clam juice or salt to personal taste or none at all
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Combine turkey, corn, dried beans, seasonings and water in a large pot.
Cook over medium heat, turn to a very low simmer. Cook for about 2 1/2
hours. Stir occasionally to keep stew from sticking to the bottom of
your pot. When dried beans are barely tender, shred turkey meat and
add it to the stew. Next comes green beans and squash. Simmer gently
until green beans and squash are tender.
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Add your nut flour. Stir until thoroughly blended.
Boiled Bread
Boiled bread is made mostly of cornmeal with crushed nuts and berries
made into a paddy. Drop it into a pot of boiling water. When it is done,
the paddy rises to the top.
1 quart slow boiling water
1/2 cup cornmeal
1/2 cup corn flour
1/2 cup dried blueberries, cranberries (Currants may be added as
well.)
1/2 cup crushed nuts (walnuts and hazelnuts) or sunflower seeds
You can add maple syrup or sugar to taste if you like.
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In a large bowl, combine all ingredients. Mix thoroughly. Slowly add a
spoonful of batter at a time of slightly boiled water. Mix until sticky
and shape into round patties about ½ inch thick and 3 inches in
diameter. With your water at a slight rolling boil, drop in 1 or 2 patties.
Be careful to make sure they do not stick to the bottom. When bread
patties begin to float to the top, remove them.
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arsy varsy
Fare thee well
Good morrow
How now?
Huzzah!
mayhap
mouser
needs must
Pray, pardon me
Prithee?
scrap and tittle
comfits
Wherefore?
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Pilgrim Words and Phrases
backwards
Good-bye
Good morning
How are you?
Congratulations!
perhaps
cat
have to
Excuse me
Please, will you?
odds and ends
treats
Why?
Wuneekeesuq!
(pronounced similar to wuh-nee-kee-suck)
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(Good Day!)
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Did you know that the Wampanoag were the first Native Americans to
have a written form of their language? They even had a Bible
translated into their language.
Here is a Christian prayer in Wampanoag:
Translation:
Our father, which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our
daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And
lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For thine is the
kingdom and the power and the glory for ever and ever. Amen.
Sound familiar?
Wampanoag Words
Wompanoag: Wopânâak = People of the Dawn
Pumpkin: Pôhpukun (ponh-pu-kun) = ‘grows forth round’
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Moccasin: Mahkus (mah-kus) = ‘Covers the whole foot’
Moose: M8s (moos) = ‘moose’
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Skunk: Sukôk (su-konk) = ‘Ejects body fluid’
Aquit
one
Nees
two
Nis
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Powwow: Pawâw (pa-waaw) = ‘s/he is healing/heals (someone)’
Wetus, wigwam house
Nitka
mother
three
Noeshow
father
Yoaw
four
Muskana
bone
Abbona
five
Boquoquo
head
Sannup
man
Nitchicke
hand
Squaw
woman
Aunum
dog
Cone
sun
Ontoquas
wolf
Applause
moon
Maske
bear
Nippe
water
Ottucke
dear
Wompey
white
Whauksis
fox
Squi
red
Ausupp
raccoon
Motuckquas
rabbit
Sadly, the relationship between the Wampanoag and the Pilgrims went
downhill from the first Thanksgiving feast. Disease and attacks by
British soldiers killed most of the Wampanoag.
Today, on Martha’s Vineyard, the Wampanoag tribe has its own
reservation. Reservations are lands that belong to Indian tribes and
are under their control. The Wampanoag tribe has its own government,
laws, police, and other services, just like a small country. But, the
Wampanoag are also U.S. citizens and must obey American law. There
are about 300 members of the Wampanoag tribe, but many other
people of Wampanoag descent live elsewhere in Massachusetts and
Rhode Island.
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Additional Activities
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• Many Pilgrim children had names that described virtues ("Love,"
"Patience," "Hope") or special experiences ("Oceanus," and even
"Wrestling"). Have your learners give themselves Pilgrim names.
• Let your learners pretend they are Pilgrims writing to people they
love back home. Have them draw pictures and sign them with
their Pilgrim names. Make quill pens by taping feathers to
ballpoint pens.
Links to Added Information:
http://home.surewest.net/moseley/colorbook/colorindex.html
http://www.scholastic.com/scholastic_thanksgiving/voyage/journey.htm
http://mayflowerhistory.com/primary-sources-and-books/
http://mayflowerhistory.com/mayflower-passenger-list/
http://mayflowerhistory.com/primary-sources-and-books/
http://mayflowerhistory.com/cross-section
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http://www.shestokas.com/guest-commentary-reflections/sarah-hales-letter-andlincolns-thanksgiving-proclamation/#sthash.dzPIAEKZ.dpuf
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The Mayflower
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Satellite Image of Cape Cod
Embarkation of the Pilgrims, Robert Walter Weir, 1844
Lapbook Base Preparation
Folder 1
Folder 2
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This is a double-folder lapbook. To assemble the base, first open each folder completely
flat. Then fold each side of the folders together so the edges meet in the middle. Now
instead of your folders being folded in halves, they are folded in unequal thirds. The
diagram above shows the folders in thirds (the thin vertical lines indicate the original fold
lines). Next, place your folders side by side with the adjacent flaps sticking up, facing
back-to-back. Glue the backs of the flaps together. Now you should have one long base
with a middle flap sticking up. Allow the base to dry before moving the flap.
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Once the flap has dried, you can fold the flap down to either side. To completely close
the base, fold the middle flap down to one side and the outside flaps in toward the
middle. Then fold the lapbook in half (so the back of folder one above is the cover and
the back of folder two above is the back of the lapbook). To secure the lapbook closed,
we recommend attaching sticky Velcro© circles inside the lapbook cover and back (refer
to our photos for clarification).
Venn diagram
comparing the
dwellings of the
Wampanoag and
the Pilgrims.
Wishes for your
family in the
year ahead.
Attached with a
brad.
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What you are
personally
thankful for.
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Provisions
carried on the
Mayflower.
Timeline of the voyage to
religious freedom.
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Flip-Up extension. The Mayflower Compact as written by William Bradford
and Lincoln’s Thanksgiving Proclamation as written by William Seward.
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Choose
different
important
people and
record facts
about them.
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http://www.notable
biographies.com/su
pp/Supplement-MiSo/Samoset.html
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Meeting Samoset.
What will be on your
Thanksgiving dinner
table?
George
Washington’s
role in
Thanksgiving.
What the New
World was like
when the
Pilgrims arrived.
The role of
corn in the
Thanksgiving
story.
www.allaboutpumpk
ins.com/history.html
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Biographical
information
about
Massasoit.
Timeline Pouch
focusing on the
Thanksgiving
story.
Symbolism of the
cornucopia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Cornucopia
Importance of
pumpkins to
Thanksgiving.
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Cut these out and fold on the
center line. Glue on picture
from gallery and place a title
under it. Attach the folded
rectangle to your lapbook and
write about the picture inside.
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Run off two of these on cardstock. Cut them out. Glue with a glue stick the
picture of the Mayflower Compact on one and Lincoln’s declaration for
Thanksgiving as a national holiday on the other. Label them. Attach them to
your lapbook and write about the document inside.
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The Passage Over On The Mayflower
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Important People
Cut out the entire rectangle. Cut the slits up to the folded line. Fold inward. Place the name
of your important person on the outside of each strip. Write information on that person on
the inside of the flap. See the lapbook photos for a visual.
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Attach this
side to the
lapbook.
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I Am Thankful…
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Pouch for Timeline
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Run more copies if necessary.
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I
Wish
For
My
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Family
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What Will Be On My Table
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For Thanksgiving?
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Family
Recipes
Fold flaps first. Then, add glue to them with a glue stick. Finally,
attach your pocket to the lapbook.
On the next page are recipe cards to fill in and tuck in your pocket.
The recipe cards are a little longer so they will stick out. We suggest
you use cardstock.
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Make multiple copies of these.
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Wampanoag
Pilgrims
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Books to Enjoy about the Pilgrims and
the Wampanoags at The First
Thanksgiving
1621: A New Look at Thanksgiving, Grace, Catherine.
Countering the traditional story of the first Thanksgiving, this photoessay presents a more measured, balanced, and historically accurate
version of the three-day harvest celebration in 1621. Learn about the
background on the Wampanoag people, colonization, Indian diplomacy,
the harvest of 1621, and the evolution of the Thanksgiving story.
The Pilgrims of Plymouth, Goodman, Susan.
What was it like to be a pilgrim child in 17th-century Massachusetts?
Go back in time and see! Dramatic photos of historical reenactments
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combine with lively text to give a vivid sense of what daily life was like
in Plymouth colony.
Plymouth: Pilgrims’ Story of Survival, Wade, Linda.
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Describes the reasons that the Pilgrims traveled to the New World,
their voyage on the Mayflower, the hardships of their first winter in
the Plymouth settlement, and the harvest celebration remembered as
the first Thanksgiving. Also describes Plimoth Plantation, a recreation
of the original seventeenth-century settlement.
Giving Thanks: The 1621 Harvest Feast, Waters, Kate.
Sometime between September 21 and November 9, 1621, the Pilgrims
and the Wampanoag people shared a harvest celebration that has
become known as the First Thanksgiving. This is the story of what
happened during those days, as told by Dancing Moccasins, a fourteenyear-old Wampanoag boy, and Resolved White, a younger English boy.
Photographed at Plimoth Plantation, this accurate reenactment will let
you experience a time when early English colonists settled on the rich
and fertile land of the Wampanoag people.
Samuel Eaton’s Day: A Day in the Life of a Pilgrim Boy, Waters,
Kate.
Samuel Eaton is looking forward to his first chance to help his father
bring in the harvest, after he does his daily chores. He finds the work
incredibly hard, and the coarse grain raises bad blisters on his hands.
But he perseveres, and at the end of the day when his father tells him
“you did a man’s work today, Samuel,” we feel his pride.
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Sarah Morton’s Day: A Day in the Life of a Pilgrim Girl, Waters,
Kate.
At sunup when the cockerel crows, Sarah Morton’s day begins. She has
a fire to build, goats to milk, letters and scripture to learn; and
between chores, she has a brief time for play with her best friend
Elizabeth. Join her as she goes about her work and play in this
reenactment of life at Plimoth Plantation.
Tapenum’s Day: A Wampanoag Indian Boy in Pilgrim Times, Waters,
Kate.
Full-color photographs, taken at the Plimoth Plantation historical site
make this a vivid visual presentation of Native American life. In the
fictionalized account, Tapenum, disappointed that he has not yet been
chosen to become a warrior, hunts for food, shoots a rabbit for his
mother, goes fishing with a friend, and befriends a wise man, who
teaches him about making arrows and learning patience.
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Image Gallery
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