The Organ of the National Union of Women Teachers

Cfte Woman Weber
The Organ of the National Union of Women Teachers
Editor : EMILY PH IPPS, B.A.
VoL. VIII. No. is.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1927
LEGAL AND TENURE COMMITTEE.
Members are urged to consult the Committee before
tendering resignations or accepting notices of dismissal,
and members in difficulties are asked to seek advice before
taking action.
Application should be accompanied by proof of membership for the preceding and the current year.
Hon. Secretary, Miss PHIPPS, B.A., 39 Gordon Square,
W.C.I.
Questions concerning pensions should be addressed to Miss
GEINTER, Hon. Pensions Sec., 39 Gordon Square, W.C.1.
MUTUAL AID FUND
Financial assistance is given to subscribers and their
dependants, hospital treatment (in a private ward) may be
obtained and specialists may be consulted at a reduced foe.
Annual minimum subscription, 68.
Particulars from the Hon. Secretary, Miss EGGETT,
13 Denver Road, N.16. The Hon. Treasurer is Miss Sims,
Danehurst, 68 Woodland Way, Pahners Green, N.13.
London Unit Collector : Miss GUNNER, 22 Leigh Hall
Road, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex.
PROVIDENT SICK FUND
Only members of the N.U.W.T. are eligible for membership. Annual subscription, 148. to 56s., according to
amount of benefit desired. Full particulars may be
obtained from the Hon. Secretary, Miss BEGBIE, 39 Gordon
Square, W.C.I.
Hon. Treasurer, Miss B. C. SHADBOLT, B.A., 39 Gordon
Square, W.C.1.
" OLD GUARD " FUND
This Fund disburses hundreds of pounds annually to
retired teachers who, having either a very small pension
or none at all, are ineligible for help from any other
professional fund.
Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, Miss PRINGLE, 5 Lansdowne Road, Handsworth, Birmingham.
'S UBSCRI PTION 4$. 4d. PER ANNUM
(plus postage).
NATIONAL UNION of WOMEN TEACHERS
OBJECTS
The National Union of Women Teachers believing
that the true ends of Education k,annot be fully and
completely served until Women Teachers have right
conditions of work and adequate means of expression
in educational matters, declares the following to be
its objects :—
(a) To collect' and express the opinions and wishes
of women teachers and to secure their combined
action.
(b) To secure equal pay and equal increments for
men and women teachers of the same:rofessional
status.
(c) To secure the maintenance of each girls' and
infants' department under its own headmistress.
(d) To secure that the headships of all mixed schools
shall be open to women equally with men.
(e) To secure that all the higher educational posts
shall be open equally to men and women and
with equal remuneration.
(f) To protect the interests of women teachers with
regard to Superannuation.
(g) To secure the franchise for women on the same
terms as it is or may be granted to men.
(h) To secure representation of women teachers on
all education authorities.
(i) To secure direct effective representation of
women teachers on all local governing bodies
and in Parliament.
(j) To convene conferences on educational subjects
and to promote such questions as have for their
object the well-being of women and children.
Facts Worth Noting
Boys and Girls in the Labour Market,—In the
year 1924-25, 506 boys and 475 girls became totally
exempt from school attendance at the age of 13, and
265,243 boys and 258,770 girls became exempt at the
age of 14. Thus 524,994 boys and girls of 13 and 14
were launched on the labour market in that one year ;
no doubt some of the girls remained at home to do unpaid labour, but probably the number who actually
sought paid work reached nearly half-a-million.
This means that a corresponding number of • adults
or young persons was thrown out of work in favour of
cheaper labour ; many of these would receive unemployment benefit. Even on the score of economy,
therefore, it would seem better to retain the boys and
girls another year at school. The schools are there,
and there are plenty of teachers. Why pay " the
dole " to half-a-million unemployed in preference to
paying the cost of a year's further education for these
children ?
*
*
*
*
" Occupied " Juveniles (age 14 -18).
In 1921 ..
1 )938 226
•
1922 • •
• •
1,957,610
1923 • •
• •
1,977,190
1924 • •
• •
1,996,960
1925 • •
• •
2,016,390
1926 ..
.. 2,037,100
During the year 1925, 4.1 per cent of " insured "
juveniles were unemployed.
*
*
*
*
Unequal Pay Drives Out Men.— The Record (the
organ of the Transport and General Workers' Union)
comments on the fact that Messrs. Lyons recently
replaced men waiters by girls at an important banquet.
The Record thinks it would be interesting to know
how much the firm saved in wages by using women
instead of men. The remedy proposed by the Union
for this replacing of women by men is that the " schoolleaving age should be raised, and that women and men
should be paid the same rate for the same job."
We hope that to this would be added freedom for
women to engage equally with men in the better-paid
jobs.
*
*
*
*
Children under Ten in Secondary Schools.—
In 1924-25, there were in Secondary Schools on the
Grant List7,344 children aged 9
4,658
,, 8
2,359
7)
7
1,592
,, 6
808
5
100
„ 4
5
,, 3
making a total of 16,866 children under 10 years of age
in grant-aided Secondary Schools (Statistics of Public
Education, page 4).
It will be remembered that the average cost of
secondary education per child is far higher than the
average fee paid. The education given to children
under' 10 is not and cannot be secondary education,
and it would seem better to substitute for these little
children an equal number of boys and girls of an age
to profit by a real secondary education.
ISO
THE WOMAN TEACHER
Club. Secretary, 98 Sutton Court Road, W.4. Visitors will
be given. some ideas on. the production of films and also
see educational films. on the screen.
DISTRICT NOTICES.
B. N. I.
Oimberwell P.nd Southwrik.--General meeting at Sumner
AND EDUCATION COMMITTEE NOTES.
Road School, Peckham, On Wednesday, February 16,, at
The first Education Committee after recess met on
5.30 P.M. Miss Hayes will take the chair. Camberwell Wednesday, February 2. The Three Years' programme
delegates will give their impressions of, Conference. Mrs. was the chief business of the meeting.
Tidswell will speak on the Provident Sick Fund. Miss
Sir Cyril Cobb as chairman of the General Purposes SubE. V. C. Hunt will describe some of her experiences during Committee presented the report and submitted that the
her recent visit to Russia as a member of the Teachers' Committee had a right to feel proud of the progress in
Delegates. Tea will be served from 4.30 P.M. at a charge Education. With regard to the 40 and 48 scheme, 12,000
of. 6d. to all those who send word beforehand to Miss Dent extra places will have been supplied by March, 1928 ;
at the school.
after 1930 there will be only 5,000 to 7,000 places to supply
Whist Drive at 7, Halsmere Road on February 19 at in order to complete the scheme. After 1931 that ex6.30 for 7 P.M. Proceeds in aid of Local. Funds, tickets penditure will be removed and unless some great further
18. 6d., apply to Miss O'Neill.
scheme of extending education is embarked upon there
Open meeting of members and friends on March 39, at should then be a great reduction of Education expenditure.
Sumner Road School. Tea from 4.30 P.M. at a charge of
Mrs. LOWE on the reception of the report expressed
6d. At 5.30 Miss Brown-Smith will speak on ' Transition.' disappointment in the general slowing down of developLambeth.=Ceuntry, Dance Party on Saturday, March 12, ment as indicated in the new programme ; there had been
at 7 P.M., at Santley Street Girls' School, Ferndale Road, a period of no building during the war and since, and
Brixton. Tickets 2s. each (including refreshments) may those arrears were not to be overtaken even during the
be obtained from Miss Sly, 19 Cedars Road, Barnes, S.W.13. coming three years ; the 40 and 48 scheme had been begun
Programme Galopede,. Winifred's Knot, The Old Mole, in 1912 and the promise had then been that it should be
Rufty Tufty, Jamaica, Nancy's Fancy, Goddesses, Haste completed in 15 years, the war had intervened and the
to the Wedding, Hey Boys, The Good Man.
time extended and now at the end of 1930 there would
Le wisham.—General meeting at Unitarian Small Hall, still be large classes in London. We should be moving
High Street, Lewisham, on Monday, February 14, at faster, the raising of the school age is a matter that must
4 5 . 30 P.M. The chair will be taken by Miss A. Goldberg.
come up, we should be pressing on with expansion schemes
;Misses Stone and Knowles will give reports of Conference. already planned in order to be able to meet this. The
A member of the Provident Sick Fund Committee will omission of a definite provision for nursery school deve:explain the working of the two branches. At 6.15 P.M., lopment was also a big disappointment.
,Mis: Maitland will open a discussion on ` The Report on
Amendments to the programme were moved for—
, the Teaching' of English in Elementary Schools.' All
A further extension of the 40 and 48 scheme.
;teachers are invited. Tea will be provided from 5 p.m.
Eight additional central schools instead of four.
for those who apply to Miss E. F. Needham, 24 Halesworth
Enough money to provide for Junior County exhibi;Road, Lewisham, S.E.13 beforehand.
tions to all children who were eligible under the present
Lecture Demonstration on Eurhythmics.
low income limit.
If there are any members or their friends who have not
improved lavatory accommodation:
applied for tickets for the above lecture to be given by
Two more open' air schools' instead of one.
Miss Winifred Houghton on. February 19, at 11 A.M., at
A larger expenditure for school journeys.
'Trinity Church House, they are urged to do so immediately.
The provision of sleeping apparatus in Infants' Schools
18. 6d. frOnt rows, 18. other seats.
and further improvements in school furniture. '
'LONDON UNIT CLUBS.
A more generous allowance of " supply " teachers.
'Net $all. Hugh Myd'delton Playground; Corporation
Further minor ailment and dental centres, and an
Row, Clerkenwell, E.C. (two minutes frorn Finsbury Town
additional in-patient centre for the treatment of adenoids
Hall). Apply to Miss Pester; 133 Springfield Road, S.E.13.
and tonsils.
Costume, dark blue tdnic, white blouse, rubber shoes.
A speeding up in the provision of Secondary Schools,
Subscription, 2s. 6d. for season.
and the provision of Nursery School's.
•Badn'tiwtim,-Meetings take place, on Fridays. from 5.30–
the amendments were lost, as was expected. During
. 9.30 km... at St: Marys Church Room,. Defoe Road, Church theAllprogress
through the sub-committees all the items
two
courts
, Street,. • Stoke; Newington, N.16: There are,
included in the amendments had already been debated.
available. Subscription 10s. for season. Apply to Miss Promotions.
linglielt 57' Downs Park Road, Es.8.
Camberwell, 1V .-11derton, Road, infants' department,
Country Dancing begins February 17. Beginners 6-7, Grade 111., Miss D. A. Blake, assistant mistress in the
advanced '7-8 at St. Margaret's Hall, Dean Farrar Street, infants' depart of the Fair Street L.C.C. school (Rotherhithe).
Westminster, 12s. 6d. for ten lessons. Apply to Miss.
Finsbury,—White Lion Street, boys' department, Grade
Ee. A. D. Smith, 18 Streatham Place, S.W.
M., Mr. E.. W. Clayson, assistant master at the Kilburn
raping Class will be arranged for 12 lessons to begin Lane boys' L.C.C.. central school (Paddington, N.).
immediately, if there are sufficient applications. The
S.—Sebbon, Street, boys' department, Grade
price will be comparatively small; if a; large enough number M., Mr. J. A. I. Eden, assistant master at the, Bansbury
, of ,.our members: and their friends join. Please, apply at mixed L.C.C. central school (Islington, S.)..
the earliest moment to Miss. L.. Titleboarn, 36 Observatory
St. Pancras, S.W.—Haverstock Hill, boys' department,
Road, East Sheen,, S.W.1,
Grade IV., Mr. A. H. Howells, headmaster of the' Grade Ill.
EXTENSION. OP FRANCHISE.
boys' department of the. Vittoria Place L.C.C. school
By the time these notes are in the readers' hands, how {Islington, Si).
much or how little the present Government will do
Norwocd,.—Gipsy Road, mentally defective, Grade I.,
z towards 'extending the Franchise to women, on the same Mrs. I. L. Bloomfield, assistant mistress at the Gipsy Road
. terms, as men,. will be,kn.own. Parliament will have been L.C.C. school_ for mentally defective children (A ortrooa).
opened and the King's Speech read. Whatever promise
Fi.,-.sbtry.—Moreland Street infants' department, Grade
there is members are urged to do their utmost to attend, M., Miss K' Carnburn, assistant mistress in the infants
together with friends, the following meetings.
department of the Stockwell College practising school.
Thursday, February- 17, at 8 r.m.---Public Meeting at
Balhain and Tooting.—Enshain, junior mixed and
'41AMPSTEAD 'TOWN HALL (Small), Haverstock Hill, N.W.3, infants' department, Grade 111., Miss M. Barnes, assistant
organised by Women's Freedom League, Hampstead, mistress at the Wandsworth mixed L.C.C. central school
Branch . Speakers :. Mrs. Pethick Lawrence, Mrs. Costello ( Wandsworth, C.)
(Conservative and Unionist Women's Advisory Committee),
Deptjord.—Trundley!s Road, infants' department, Grade
Mrs. Joyce Pollard (The League of the Church Militant), 11., Miss E. M. Grinter, assistant mistress in the infants'
Mr. Joseph Clayton F.R.H.S. (St. Joan's Social and Political department at the Hanover Street L.C.C. school (Islingtcv,,
Affiance), Miss Myra Sadd-Brown (Hampstead Branch S.).
W.F.L.), Miss B. Godwin (Association' of Women Clerks
Kensington, S.—Bousfield, infants' department, Grade I.,
and Secretaries), Miss L. Pierotti
Chairman, Mrs. F. E. Holmes, assistant mistress in the infants
Dr. E. Knight (Hon.. Treasurer, . W.F.L.).
department of the Ben Jonson L.C.C. school (Mile Enaj.
Will, Hampstead members, please. make a special: note
Lewisham, E.—Eangefield, junior boys' department,
of, this and' be there with their friends..
Grade 111., Mr. F. R. Hookey, assistant master in the
February 23.—Will Fulham and Hammersmith members boys' department of the Barrow Hill Road L.C.C. school
please make speciaL note .of this date to attend, a meeting (St. Marylebone).
under the auspices of St. Joan's Social and Political Alliance
Finsbury.—St. Peter and St. Paul's R.C. (M. & 1.),
- in East Fulham.
grade Ill., Finn, Miss •D.
•
Travel Club.
Lambeth, N.—St. Andrew's (1.), grade 11., Cross, Miss
A visit has, been arranged, to the studio of the British C. M.
Instructional , Films, Ltd. on Saturday,. March 5. The
St. George's Westminster.—St. Peter's C.E. (B.), grade
party will meet at the door of. the. Regent Studio, Park II., Brewer,. Mr. H. G.
Road, Burbitort, Surrey, at 10.30 A.M. Will. those who
St. Mery/ebone.--Emmanuol • (1.), grade. IL, Major,
wish to be present write to "Miss C. M. A, Coombs, Travel Miss M, n,
London Unit Notes
•
February II, 1927
February II. 1927
THE WOMAN TEACHER
Legal and Tenure Committee
THE Committee met on Saturday afternoon, Jan. 22.
There were present Miss Dawson (Chairman), Miss Neal
(President), Miss Hewitt (Vice-Chairman), and Miss
Dedman. Apologies for absence were received from
Miss Grinter (Ron. Pensions Secretary), Miss Titleboam,
and Miss Phipps (Hon. Secretary), 'who were all away
through illness.
As this was the first meeting of the year, the chair
was taken by Miss Neal as President. Miss Dawson
was then elected Chairman, and Miss Hewitt ViceChairman. Miss Neal then vacated the chair, which
was taken by Miss Dawson.
CORRESPONDENCE.—A married member wrote expressing satisfaction that there would be no appeal in
her case (married woman's income-tax), and thanking
the Committee for their successful efforts on her behalf.
I% A promise of help in representing the case of the
Poor Law teachers was received from a Member of
Parliament.
Several important rulings in pension cases had been
received from the Board of Education ; one dealt with
the " half-service " qualification of a teacher who has
had both certificated and uncertificated service ;
another with the service of married women teachers
who are required by their L.E.A. to take a certain
period of leave for a confinement, during which they
receive the difference between their own salary and
that of the supply ; a third referred to the question of
whether odd months of service beyond a number of
completed years are to be reckoned as contributory
service.
CHAIRMAN'S REPORT.—Miss Dawson had given advice
in the cases of several teachers who had received
adverse reports.
She had intervened in the case of a graduate teacher
who had been in receipt of a special allowance which
was, after three years, disallowed by the Board ; the
allowance must be discontinued, but the teacher is not
to be required to refund the excess. An uncertificated
teacher who feared she would be asked to resign was
advised as to her procedure.
Miss Hewitt (Vice-Chairman) reported the case of a
headmistress whose school had been degraded from
Grade IV. to Grade III. owing to the adoption by the
L.E.A. of the Zone system of grading. This teacher had
been asked to refund the excess salary received. Local
action was being taken.
The Hon. Secretary's Report was circulated.
Three cases of trouble with book canvassers had arisen.
In two of these instances trickery had been used to
obtain the order, and we are glad to say that both the
teachers involved won their point, the order being
cancelled. In the third case there was no charge of
trickery, but the teacher repented of having given the
order, finding she could not spare the money. She was,
however, legally bound by the contract.
We wish again to warn owr members not on any account
to give orders to canvassers ; the only safe thing is to
refuse to interview them at all.
The greatest part of the month's work was that
dealing with amalgamations, and consequent displacement of the headmistress. In one area the influence
of the N.U.W.T., from the Head Office and from very
vigorous local work, had resulted in the refusal of the
managers of a Church school to displace the headmistress, who therefore still holds her position. Strong
influence had been used in another county to prevent
amalgamations, and in a third area the local Branch
was helped and advised with a view to persuading the
L.E.A. to consider the interests of women teachers if
amalgamations should take place.
There were several cases of accidents sustained by
teachers while concerned with their school duties,
and others where school children were injured and it
was possible that a claim might be made on the teacher.
The position of a domestic science teacher whose duty
required her to send children shopping was considered,
•
and advice given.
As usual, the Hon. Secretary had had to deal with
cases of abuse and threats by parents, and in each
instance a satisfactory settlement was reached.
iSr
A number of members received advice as to incometax, permitted increases in rent, investments, and
calculation of salary according to Burnham scales.
One curious case was that of a teacher who had herself
given an order for structural alterations to the school
premises, intending to raise the money by school
functions, but the new Vicar would .not permit the
holding of these functions.
One member who died recently had omitted to make
a will, and her relatives sought advice as to taking out
letters of administration. May we once again remind
our readers that it is their duty to make a will. If they
do not, their relatives have additional worry and 'additional work, which could easily have been avoided.
A number of pensions cases were dealt with by Mins
Grinter.
E. P.
Teachers' Service Books
THESE are the new books which are to be used for
keeping the records of teachers' services required for
the purposes of the Teachers' Superannuation Act, 1925.
The information they contain is of a highly confidential nature, and should be divulged to no one but the
parties concerned, viz., the responsible officials of the
Board of Education and of the Local Edtication Authority, and the teacher herself—most certainly not to
any other teacher or any association of teachers.
It is, therefore, remarkable that a local association of
the N.U.T. should have offered to the L.E.A. in its,area
to accept custody of the teachers' records, stating,
moreover, that this procedure had been adopted by
several Local Authorities !
Through the vigilance of the local Branch of the
N.U.W.T., this suggestion of the N.U.T. was discovered,
and action was taken which prevented its being carried
out.
Education, the official organ of the Association of
Education Committees, refers to this incident in its
issue of January 21, in these words : " The National
Union of Women Teachers is, rightly, incensed that any
such offer should be made by any organisation of
teachers and calls for respect for the privacy of these
records. We entirely agree with the views expressed
by the Union of [Women] Teachers, and we hope that
every Local Authority will endorse these views.°'
All teachers, men and women, owe a debt of gratitude
to the N.U.W.T. Branch which was instrumental in
discovering and frustrating the sinister proposal above
described. It is obvious that very great harm might
be caused to any individual teacher when, for instance
he or she might be seeking promotion, if records of
service were in the hands of possible rivals. All
teachers must be on the alert in their own areas, so as
to combat any proposal, from any quarter, which would
entail a breach of confidence with regard to these
records.
E. P.
Valentine for the " Old Guard "
VALENTINE'S DAY will be with us again next week
and we must not forget those poor old people whose
letters to Miss Pringle so moved us to pity when we
heard them read at Conference.
The " Old Guard " have all been teachers like ourselves. We have fuel, light, warm clothes, good food ;
they have not, unless we provide it.
Send what you can •spare. Take a collection in your
school. 20,000 sixpences are equal to £500 you will
not miss 6d. or even several sixpences, and they will
make all the difference to blind or crippled people of
over eighty.
One generous old gentleman, the father of an enthusiastic Local Secretary, himself a retired teacher,
and eighty-eight years of age, has sent a donation of
£10 10s. We, who are living in comfort, can hardly
estimate the joy this will bring to those who are struggling
in poverty. It means more food, more coal, more
clothes.
Try to imagine outliving all your friends, exhausting
all your savings and then failing in health. It does
A. J.
not bear thinking about, does it ?
Lend your paper to a Non-Subscriber
51
THE WOMAN TEACHER
On Woman Ceacber
The Official Organ of the National Union of Women
Teachers.
Offices :-39 Gordon Square, London, W.C.1.
Telephone :—Museum 2768.
Information on matters of interest to women teachers
will be welcome.
Letters should be addressed as follows :—
To the Editor—on all editorial matters.
To the Financial Secretary—on advertising and subscriptions.
To the General Secretary—on N.U.W.T. business.
SUBSCRIPTION RATE:
4s. 4d. per annum, plus postage.
The Torquay Headship
BY THE EDITOR.
THE comments in several educational papers on the
February It, 1927
in the Press, the N.U.T. sent its President and the
Secretary of its Education Committee " all the way
down to Torquay " to enquire into the facts, and that
as soon as these facts were put before the Deputation,
they—the said President and Secretary—" expressed
themselves as satisfied with the conduct of the Torquay
Committee."
Well, the facts are that a headmaster was to be, and
has been, appointed to a school of children aged from
5 to 11. Are there any other facts—any facts sufficient
to cause these two gentlemen to assent to the proposition
that it was unsound educationally to give the post to a
headmistress ? If so, the women members of the
N.U.T. in Torquay are entitled to hear them. On
the face of it, however, there are no facts which justify
the appointment of a headmaster to take charge of
children of this age.
The Education Committee of the Torquay Co-operative Society, it appears, sent a protest to the L.E.A.
against the principle involved in the appointment, and
this has incurred the displeasure of Watchman,"
who thinks the protest unfair and discourteous. He
then proceeds to point out various facts with respect
to the distribution of Torquay headships, by means of
which he seeks to prove that the L.E.A. has in the
past paid full regard to the claims of women. But
our opinion is that the facts are not capable of such
an interpretation.
" Watchman " says that out of 24 Headships, 15 are
in the hands of women. To this we reply :1. That considering the proportion of men to women
certificated teachers in the country, 15 headships
out of 24 does not give undue preference to
women.
2. That some 20 of the schools in Torquay are not
Council schools, and that therefore the L.E.A.
is not responsible for giving women these headships. The appointments are made by the
Managers.
3. That the headships so held by women are those of
the smaller schools, where therefore the salaries
are low. Out of 5 schools with accommodation
for 200 or over, 4 are held by headmasters, and
only 1 by a headmistress. (We are not including
the new Westhill school.)
recent advertisement for a headmaster for Westhill
Junior Mixed and Infants' School, and the action of
the N.U.W.T., locally and nationally, in showing up
the injury to education resulting from such appointments, has not found favour in certain circles.
An article by " Watchman " in The Torquay Times
purports to give the other side of the question, but
every point which the writer attempts to make is
capable of being answered. We propose here to deal
with his arguments.
To summarise the case from our side—it is becoming
the practice to organise schools as Senior and Junior
Mixed, instead of as Boys' and Girls' Departments,
and the Mixed Schools often include infants.
Further, it is usual to appoint men to the headships
of the Senior Mixed, which excludes women from any
chance of organising the work of older girls, and thus
deprives these older girls of the benefit of the experience and guidance of a headmistress. It also cuts
off from women a number of headships which would have
been open to them when the schools were organised as
separate boys' and girls' departments.
This is bad enough, but when women are further
deprived of the headships of the junior schools, even
when these contain infants, it is calculated to cause
" Watchman " continues : " Quite recently in one
grave anxiety both to educationists and to the women school where the Head has always been a man, a woman
who have adopted the profession of teaching in the was appointed." Quite, but he omits to say that this
expectation that a certain proportion of headships school has become smaller, dropping from Grade II. to
would be available, and who have often spent extra Grade I. and that is why a headmistress has been
money and years of labour in obtaining special qualifica- substituted for a headmaster, which• entirely alters
tions for the teaching of infants.
the aspect of the case.
These women, if the Westhill appointment is to be a
" Watchman " finally attempts to justify such
precedent, will find themselves in a position of sub- appointments as that at Westhill by saying that in
ordination to a man, who has not qualified for the these Mixed schools the younger girls and infants
work he is paid to organise and to supervise. The will be taught by " the Women Teachers whose special
women will be unable to put into operation the special care they are." Even the Head of Westhill Junior
methods they have studied unless they obtain the School, he says, though a man, will have the commongoodwill of the headmaster—which does not always sense to continue this good practice. •
happen. We ask, is not this sufficient to arouse
No doubt he will ; we cannot see any man choosing
anxiety and apprehension on the part of all thoge who to teach the babies of five and six himself. But any
have at heart the interests of women teachers ? How practical teacher knows that this is not sufficient.
would the men in any profession feel, if, after they had A woman specially qualified, for example, in Montessori
obtained special qualifications in any branch of know- principles is in an impossible position under a chief
ledge, they were put into a subordinate post, with some- who knows nothing of the work and is not in sympathy
body over them (a woman, for example) who knew with it, and the same applies to the girls' needlework.
nothing of this special branch, and yet was entitled to We have ourselves met chief assistant mistresses who
organise and criticise the work of the specialists !
found it perfectly impracticable to carry out their
Now, the excuse in the Torquay case for appointing needlework schemes, because the headmaster did not
a man to a Junior and Infants' headship is, as Watch- forward the requisitions for materials, and they, being
man " asserts, " the peculiar circumstances in the case." assistants, had no power to go beyond the headmaster.
What " peculiar circumstances " ? Here are boys and
This is not theorising ; it is practical commonsense,
girls of from 5 to 11. What is there in this to make a and is in itself a sufficient indictment of the principle
man more suitable than a woman ? Nothing. Quite of appointing headmasters over schools of girls and
the contrary. If there are any special circumstances, infants.
nobody has mentioned them, to our knowledge, and
we challenge any supporter of the Torquay action to
state any circumstances so " peculiar as to make
When you find a leaflet with your
it better to appoint a headmaster than a headmistress
' Woman Teacher'
for these little children.
The next statement made by " Watchman " is
please read it and pass it on
surprising. He states that in consequence of articles
111.■111MIE
February it, 1927
THE WOMAN TEACHER
The Education of the
Adolescent
L.L.A., Past President, N.U.W.T.
THE Report of the Consultative Committee on the
Education of the Adolescent which was published a few
days before our York Conference and which received
some attention there may be obtained from His
Majesty's Stationery Office for two shillings.
It is a very careful and complete survey of the
question of the continued education of the child from
the age of 11 + and is a real attempt to evolve some
order and system out of the unrelated types of schools
which have been springing up so variously in recent
years. While we may and shall criticise some of the
conclusions which have been reached we do pay our
tribute to those who have so thoroughly investigated
this difficult problem.
Some aspects which we should like to have seen
discussed were definitely excluded by the terms of
reference which were :1. To consider and report upon the organisation,
objective and curriculum and courses of study suitable
for children who will remain in full time attendance at
schools, other than Secondary schools, up to the age
of 15, regard being had on the one hand to the requirements of a good general education and the desirability
of providing a reasonable variety of curriculum, so
far as is practicable, for children of varying tastes
and abilities, and on the other to the probable occupations of the pupils in commerce, industry and agriculture.
2. Incidentally thereto, to advise as to the arrangements which should be made (a) for testing the attainments of the pupils at the end of their course ; (b) for
facilitating in suitable cases the transfer of individuals
to Secondary schools at any age above the normal age
of admission.
It is proposed in this article to give a brief survey
of the proposals leaving those points which are of
greater interest to our readers to be discussed in detail
later.
The report opens with a comprehensive and very
interesting historic review of the gradual development
of post-primary education ; it shows the varied lines
upon which it has developed according to the views on
the ultimate object of education held by the promoters,
the set-backs it has suffered and the evidence of an
ever-increasing conviction of the need for its extension.
The new feature of the present situation is that there
is a growing agreement that while in the past our
system has made the years between 11 and 14 or 15
the opening phase to a Secondary education for only a
small minority it should now be possible to organise
in order to ensure that all children shall receive some
kind of post-primary course for a period of not less
than three and probably four years from the age of 11 +
and ,to devise curricula which shall develop the powers
not merely of the exceptional children but of the great
mass of boys and girls.
The proposed organisation is as follows :—
"Primary education should be regarded as ending
at about the age of 11 +. At that age a second stage,
which for the moment may be given the colourless
name ' post-primary,' should begin ; and this stage
which for many pupils would end at 16 +, and for
some at 18 or 19, but for the majority at 14 + or 15 +
should be envisaged as far as possible as a single
whole, within which there will be a variety of types
of education supplied, but which will be marked
by the common characteristic that its aim is to
provide for the needs of children who are entering
and passing through the stage of adolescence."
The arguments which are given for making this age
a definite dividing line will be reported later.
Following upon this it is suggested that—
" All children should go on to some form of postprimary education ; and while, taking the country as
a whole, many more children should pass to Secondary
schools in the correct sense of the term than pass at
present, it is necessary that the post-primary grade
of education should include other types of postBY EDITH CROSBY,
153
primary schools, in which the curricula will vary
according to the age up to which the majority, of
pupils remain at school, and the different interests
and abilities of the children."
The schools which deal with the post-primary stage
of education should include (in addition to Junior
Technical and "Trade " schools) the following types :1. Schools of the " Secondary " types now commonly
existing, which at present follow in the main a
predominantly literary or scientific curriculum,
and carry the education of their pupils forward
to the age of at least 16 +.
2. Schools of the type of the existing selective Central
schools, which give at least a four years' course
from the age of 11 +, with a " realistic " or
practical trend in the last two years.
3. Schools of the type of the existing non-selective
Central schools, which may either be the only
Central schools in their area, or may exist side
by side with the selective Central schools and
cater for those children who do not obtain
admission to such schools.
4. Senior classes, Central Departments, " Higher
Tops " and analogous arrangements, by which
provision is made for the instruction of pupils
over the age of 11 + for whom, owing to, local
conditions, it is impossible to make provision in
one or other of • the types of school mentioned
above.
In the earlier years in the schools of the last three
types the curriculum will have much in common with
that provided in the schools now known as " secondary ";
it should include a foreign language, but permission
should be given to omit the language in special circumstances. Only in the last two years should the
practical bias be given to the courses of instruction
provided.
It is suggested that education up to the age of 11+
should be known by the general name Primary Education and education after that age by the general, name
Secondary.
1. Schools of the " secondary " type most commonly
existing to-day which at present pursue a course
mainly literary or scientific to be known as
Grammar schools.
2. Schools of the type of the existing selective Central
schools to be known as Modern schools.
3. Schools of the type of the present non-selective
Central schools with a curriculum on the same
general lines as that of the Modern schools but
with greater differentiation to meet the capacities
of its pupils, also to be known as Modern schools.
4. Departments or classes within public Elementary
schools, providing post-primary education for
children who do not go to any of the three
previous types of schools, to be known as
Senior classes."
(To be continued.)
Pestalozzi Centenary
A PUBLIC MEETING will be held at King's College,
London, on February 17, at 7.30 P.M., with the President
of the Board of Education in the chair, when Sir Michael
Sadler will deliver a Centenary address. It is hoped
to secure the presence of the Swiss Minister and representatives of the Swiss Colony in London.
ORGANISER WANTED
THE NATIONAL UNION OF WOMEN TEACHERS
invite APPLICATIONS for the POST of an
additional ORGANISER.
Candidates should have experience in teaching,
organising, speaking and journalism or Press work.
A form of application can be obtained from the
GENERAL SECRETARY, 39 Gordon Square, W.C.I.
154
THE WOMAN TEACHER
Visit to the
Works of Messrs. Rowntree, York
I. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY.
AT the kind invitation of Mr. Arnold Rowntree, the
members of the Central Council of the N.U.W.T. were
conducted through the psychological laboratories of the
chocolate factory outside York on the afternoon of Thursday, January 6.
Mr.. Moorrees, the head of the department, acted as
guide, and lucidly and courteously explained to the visitors
the arrangements made by the firm to ensure that there
should be no waste of human material, no square pegs in
round holes, in the disposition of the employees. Mr.
Moorrees prefaced his explanation by the remark that in
his experience only 25 per cent of human beings possessed
that intelligent curiosity which would enable them to
benefit by secondary education. He thought that 50 per
cent were indifferent to ideas, and preferred to do things,
while the remaining 25 per cent were incapable of benefiting
by further education. Terman, the American psychologist,
tied to hold the belief that the development of intelligence
stopped at the age of 16, but he had now come to a better
opinion—that it stopped at 14 or 15.
All new entrants to Messrs. Rowntree's works were
subjected to tests so as to ascertain for what department
they were best fitted. It was then found that some would
be most successful on the office staff, others in working the
addressograph, others in woodwork.
If accurate results could be obtained in three branches
of investigation, it would be possible to predict with certainty the sphere in which the young worker would have
most success. These three branches were the physiological
side, the psychological side, and the side of character.
Tests for physiology gave accurate results ; those for
psychology were less accurate, while no laboratory tests
yielded any results in the determination of traits of
character.
The visitors were then shown how to apply various tests
for the measurement of the degree of co-ordination existing
between hand and eye. The first, and simplest, was a
board containing brass discs of diameters varying from
about a half to one-sixteenth of an inch, the test being
to stab these discs quickly and accurately;this was called
showed
the " aiming test," and the degree of skillplayed
is
the amount of facility available for stamping the pattern
on sweets.
Wrist flexibility, useful in the operation of dipping a
nut into praline solution, was tested by an apparatus in
which, the wrist resting in a groove, the subject was
required to turn a wheel.
The test for steadiness was made by passing a rod very
slowly lengthwise between two metal bars, the space
between which gradually became narrower ; if either box
was touched by the rod in passing, the error was noted,
and registered by the ringing of a bell.
Somewhat similar in action and design was the test of
stabbing quickly into the holes on a board, without coming
into contact with the sides of the hole ; here again a bell
registered any contact.
r). The Smedley dynamometer, with a dial and pointer
attached, measured strength of grasp. The principle of
cancellation, familiar in psychological tests, where the
subject is given a sheet of printed matter, and required,
for example, to cancel all the " e's," was here exemplified
by a board closely studded with small brass discs of varying
shapes. The test is to tap one stated shape of disc, e.g.,
the round ones, each tap being registered by a clock.
One psycho-physiological test was that of replacing
blocks of various shapes and sizes in the appropriate
spaces ; another, called the chronoscope, consisted of keys,
like typewriter keys, each of which was connected with a
light, and the subject was asked to depress the key which
extinguished a particular light ; the time required for this
operation was measured.
Through the application of these tests, the firm believes
that the danger of placing entrants in positions for which
they are unfitted is minimised. Two years ago some
6 per• cent were found to be unsuitable for their posts in
jthe factory, and 1 per cent in, office work, but last year
the percentage was negligible.
With regard to character traits, they tried to co-operate
with the teachers, making use of the school reports.
A very interesting and complicated test was allowed by
Mr. Moorrees to be attempted by one of the visitors ;
Miss Bonwick volunteered, and accomplished it in record
time. An oblong board had 12 sunken spaces, all differently
shaped and coloured. Each space had to be accurately
fitted with three or four blocks, of the same colour as the
space, and of irregular shapes, becoming progressively
more complicated. The lecturer, after Miss Bonwick had
finished, showed us how far an average boy or girl could
go, how much could be done by a less bright pupil, and
the limit reached by the feeble-minded, and he explained
just where they generally went wrong.
February II, ig27
The Healey A test was a small frame, like a slate frame,
into which 5 differently-shaped segments had to be fitted
so as entirely to fill the space, and here again it was most
interesting to be shown where various types of people
went wrong.
Colour-blindness was tested incidentally by an apparatus
consisting of coloured and numbered cards ; the person
who did not learn quickly had to look every time at the
key, to see which colour corresponded to which numeral.
As to colour-blindness, 3 per cent of boys were found to
suffer from this, and no girls.
At the conclusion of the laboratory demonstration, the
visitors were conducted to the gymnasium, where a beautiful display of dancing was given by some of the girl workers,
under the direction of their talented instructress. The
two parties, both the visitors to the psychology department
and the large party which had inspected the factory—
several hundreds in all—were then entertained at tea, in
the magnificent dining-room.
E. P.
II. THE FACTORY.
IT is unlikely that Messrs. Rowntrees are used to entertaining as large a party of visitors as they did on Thursday
afternoon in Conference Week, but the organisation was
so good and the factory itself so extensive that each group
of eight or nine, accompanied by a guide, was scarcely
conscious that some three hundred other visitors were
also present.
The visit had been planned chiefly with a view to showing
the welfare work which is being carried on, and we saw
little of the actual and most fascinating work of chocolatemaking.
Our little group was lucky in having as guide a worker
from the box-making department, and perhaps one of the
best tributes which can be paid to Messrs. Rowntree was
this girl's somewhat naive certainty that they are the
best possible employers and that all their schemes are good
and for the benefit of the worker.
We were first taken to a gymnasium where girl employees
from the age of 14 were giving a display of dancing. People
who are apt to speak slightingly of " factory girls would
have been surprised by the grace and charm of these girls
as they danced barefooted in their pretty, coloured frocks.
These dresses, we learned, are made at dress-making classes.
The dancing class, for which a very small fee is charged,
is a voluntary one ; but each girl between the ages of 14
and 17 must attend gymnastic classes for one hour each
week, during working hours, and there are also compulsory
classes in domestic science.
Leaving the gymnasium, we entered a wrapping and
packing room where there were thousands of Easter eggs
being prepared for the shops. In this same room, girls
were wrapping small cakes of chocolate, which others
were then nimbly tying up into bundles of six. The work
was done with almost incredible rapidity, and yet the
girls did not appear to be making any undue effort.
Other girls were working at intervals along each side of
what appeared to be a miniature and slowly-moving
horizontal escalator, at one end of which a girl was dealing
with separate chocolates, and at the farther end the packed
boxes were removed, all the intermediate processes being
carried on between these points. As the table surface
moved, each girl placed her quota on it or removed what
she needed—one threw four sweets on to a tray, another
placed a line of chocolates, one padded the bottom of the
box and placed it on the table, another removed it and
packed it ; and the last one tied it up with coloured cord.
The whole process was a most orderly one and, although
the impression gained was that of great speed, no individual evinced any sign of stress or strain.
In this department, the workers could choose whether
they would work for a definite wage or be on piece work ;
the majority preferred the latter method.
On the way to the box-making department, we passed
the Rowntree Fire Station, where also the ambulance is
housed. It may be mentioned at this point that a man
and woman doctor are attached to the factory, and, in
addition, there are trained nurses, one of whom is always
in attendance. There are little rest-rooms scattered about
the various buildings, where anyone who is unwell can lie
down and where there is a gas-ring, kettle, and other
necessities for making the unfailing remedy—a cup of tea.
At the box-making department, where over 500 girls
are employed, we were shown a cloakroom which is heartily
recommended to every builder of schools. It was not an
unduly large room, but it contained 535 numbered, whiteenamelled hangers and hat-hooks, with a tray for shoes—
the whole being heated for drying clothes in wet weather.
Both men and girls were working in the box-making
department, where machines are used for taping the
corners of boxes. As in the wrapping department, the
girls are wonderfully deft in their work even under the
trying circumstances of being closely observed by group
after group of people.
We learned that Messrs. Rowntree have a pension scheme
to which employees contribute voluntarily. Men may
'February Tx, 1927
THE. WOMAN TEACHER
join at the age of 21 and women at the age of 25. We
were also shown a specimen of the pretty tea service which
is presented to women employees when they resign, to be
married. The men, it is understood, are not given a
wedding present, but are allowed three , days' holiday.
Large rooms are sot apart for the staff meals, and, at
the conclusion of the tour, we were invited to have tea in
the women's dining-room. Here again, everything was
splendidly planned, and tea, which was served by most
friendly waitresses, was much appreciated.
After tea, Miss Neal, in moving a vote of thanks to
Messrs. Rowntree for their hospitality, commented on the
keen interest in the social welfare of their employees which
is shown by the firm. Mrs. Tidswell seconded the vote
of thanks, which was carried unanimously.
In replying on, behalf of the firm, Mr. Arnold Rowntree
said that he was glad to welcome the Conference members
for the Company was trying to get into closer touch with
teachers in order that, together, they might endeavour to
develop the very important gift of leadership which
teachers were trying to cultivate in children in the schools
and which is so greatly needed in industry to-day. There
is now a training school attached to the factory where
girls, are received direct from school and where an attempt
is made to help them to understand the industry as a whole,
so that they will not merely be launched into one department and have very little knowledge outside it..
Before leaving, each visitor was presented with a box
of chocolates, which were very much enjoyed—the more
so as we feW they had been made under conditions satis!factory to the workers.
A. M. PIEROTTI.
N.U.W.T. Members on the
Continent
155
Provision for Sickness often acts
as a Preventive
All Women Teachers should join the
N.U.W.T.
PROVIDENT
SICK FUND
(Registered under the Friendly Societies' Act. 1898)
which. gives
Fair Treatment
to All its Members
THE
ORDINARY SECTION
is
An Insurance against. Sickness
THE DEPOSIT SECTION
is
A sickness benefit fund and a savings bank
LEST it may, seem too good to be true that any
teachers should have leisure for travel at this time of
the year, we hasten to explain that these happy people
Low Rates.
Excellent Benefits
are retired teachers.
The
Provident
Sick
Fund
is the only Sick Fund run by
Miss Lane, one of the very first members of our
Women Teachers for Women Teachers
Union, who took a great part in dounding it, retired
several years ago, and has spent most of her time since
Do not delay. Write at once
in Switzerland and France, with a pied-a-terre at
to Miss BEGBIE, 39 Gordon Square, London, W.C.r,
Berne.
for further particulars.
She writes to say that she has been taking a holiday
from Berne, and visiting Lausanne, Avignon, Cassis
(near Marseilles), Mentone, and Beaulieu-sur-mer, in
is a source of great pleasure to learn, that although
the South of France. Here she had the great pleasure theIt Polesworth
Branch of the N.U.W.T. is still in its
of meeting' Miss Morris, an N.U.W.T. retired teacher infancy, it has earned a reputation for being progressive.
from Ashford, Kent, and while, at the moment of
It was decided to continue contributing to the Old Guard
receiving the letter, we were deep in snow' and slush, Fund. The next meeting will be held on March 3.
Miss Lane and Miss Morris were enjoying lovely sunG. M., F. S.
Torquay and District.
shine and blue sky and sea.
A meeting of the above Branch was held on Monday,
Miss Lane is 'then going on to Geneva, and later to
Berne, where Miss Morris hopes to rejoin her. She has January 24 ,at the Ellacombe Infants' School. at 6.30 P.m.
Miss Allport occupied the chair. After the Minuted of
been eagerly looking for news• of. our York Conference
last meeting had been read it was reported that as a
in the daily papers, and when she returns to Berne the
result of the letter sent by the Hon. Secretary to the
she hopes to find the back numbers of THE WOMAN L.E.A.,
in future N.U.W.T. members would be entitled
TEACHER awaiting her.
to vote for teacher representatives on the local Advisory
We congratulate Miss Lane and Miss Morris on the Committee. Formerly, this election had been entirely in
delightful use they are making of their opportunities, the hands of the N.U.T.
The delegates who had attended the York Conference
and are glad to know that they still keep in touch with
then gave short reports of the proceedings. The members
the N.U.W.T.
E. P.
Important Notice
THE Editor will be very grateful if Press. Secretaries
and other contributors to THE WOMAN TEACHER will
kindly observe the following rules when forwarding
copy for publication :1. To write on one side of the paper only.
2. To write every word in full.
Unless these suggestions are followed out, delay in
publishing is inevitable, since copy in which words are
abbreviated has to be rewritten before going to the
printer.
Poles worth.
Branch Reports
A meeting of the above Branch was held at the Parish
Hall on Thursday, January i10.
The minutes of last meeting were read and passed..
As requested at the previous meeting, the Secretary
had written to the Director, re the amalgamation of Infants'
with Mixed Departments, but only a formal reply has yet
been received. The rules and conditions of the P.S.F.
were discussed, and a Secretary and Treasurer for same
appointed.
Very interesting accounts were given by. Miss Murgatroyd
and Miss Stevenson of their visit to York.
were interested to hear that Miss Allport had sent 'an
account which was published in a Dartmouth paper.
Miss Stone, who accompanied the two delegates, gave a
most entertaining account of the social side of the Conference. Her first visit • to Conference has proved such
a happy' one that it is not likely to be her 'last. Votes of
thanks were given to the delegates for their reports, and
as the. Dartmouth members were forced to leave early
the meeting was brought to a close.
ETBEL E. PARTRIDGE,
Hon. ,Secretary.
A New Weekly
WE regret that because its first number appeared
while we were away at the York Conference our
welcome to. the London Weekly is somewhat belated.
The new paper is edited by Mr. L. Haden Guest, M.P.,
and is intended to be non-party. It contains several
pages of comment, in separate paragraphs, on current
problems, followed by well-informed articles by leading
ournalists.
Lighter touches are supplied by such themes as
' Books to Read ' ; a series of articles on. ' London
Curiosities ' ; ' Things to See and Hear ' in London ;
and ' This Woman Business' (illustrated).—[Price
6d. weekly.]
156
THE WOMAN TEACHER
MR. THOMAS MOULT will speak on ' The Place of Women
in the Poetry of our Time ' at the Six Point Group, 92
Victoria Street, S.W.1, on Thursday, February 24, at
3 P.m. Tickets 3s. 6d. reserved and 2s. 6d. unreserved,
can be obtained from The Secretary, Six Point Group.
Tele. Victoria 7174.
PREPAID ADVERTISEMENTS
Rate: 20 words 2s., each additional word I d. Minimum 2s.
Advertisements for insertion in next issue must be received
not later than first post on Monday.
WEST.—Guests received in ex-L.C.C.
BOURNEMOUTH
teacher's private house ; gas-fires in bedrooms ;
February it, 1927
IM•1111.11•111•001.3.1.14
LEATHERWORK as a
SCHOOL HA\ DICRAFT
ALL classes of Velvet and Grained Leather, dyed and
undyed, for the production of Bags, Blotters,
Music Cases, Hats, Cushion Covers, Poker Work, &c.,
Special Gloving Chamois, White Washable Doe, Dyed
Sheep Fleshes for Gloves and Jumpers.
Write for Free 68-page Booklet, which not only contains
full price list of Tools, Leathers, Materials and Designs, but
also practical instructions as to their use and application.
GEORGE & CO.,
2 mins. sea and Alum Chine. Recommended.—J. G.
Carlton Grange, Alumhurst Road.
21a Noel Street, Berwick Street, W.I.
OURNEMOUTH, Winchmore, 29 Knyveton Road.—
BOARD-RESIDENCE, amongst pines, 6 minutes sea,
lovely garden, garage. From 21 guineas.—Miss GAMBLE.
B
Call and select
your own skins.
PkRIGHTON.—The place for Busy Women requiring
Li Comfortable Board-Residence ; early dinner.—" Sea
minutes
Oxford
Circus.
Three
from
View," Victoria Road. Tel.: BRIGHTON 1702.—Hostess,
Miss TURNER.
ANADA.—£35 return. Parties leave Southampton
July 16, 23, 30, August 6. Depart Montreal July 29
and each week till September 16.—Pan Travel Bureau
(1. A. Coomss), 98 Sutton Court Road, Chiswick,,London.
ERNE BAY FOR EASTER.—Norlands Private Hotel,
H
33 bedrooms, gas fires, bridge, dancing, two hard
courts, garage, private car for visitors' use. Tariff from
szw•NE•im•Eff• •
IDEAL
11[642=61 HOLIDAYS
• limier oistinguiebed patron- TOURS
age. Hon. Sec.,
Proprietress, Mrs. ARTHUR FAY (Late L.C.C. Teaching
Staff).
T ESSIE D. WALLINGTON (Drugless Practitioner) treats
j all conditions of ill-health by natural methods—spinal
therapy, dietetics, &c., particularly successful with nerve
cases. Consultation by appointment. —40 Wardrobe Chambers, 146e Queen Victoria Street, E.C.4. 'Phone City 3794.
Comfort with
• Chas. Battersby, F.R.G.S.
Economy.
Frekg NoTE.—The British Touring quent departures
Club has no connection with
• others of somewhat similar
M
& SUMMER Facilities:
400 SPRING
pi Brittany,
Normandy, Paris, Belgium, •
m ONTAGUE HOTEL, Montague Street, Russell Square,
"London, W.C.—First class accommodation ; room,
breakfast and attendance from 7s. 6d. ; en pension from
21 guineas. Phone Museum 4660. (Sister of a Member.)
•
▪ Holland. Swiss Lakes, & Alpine Resorts. II
M Special Tours to the Swiss Wonder• land. The Beautiful Tyrol, The Famous •
MI Brenner and the Dolomites. Vienna, NI
▪ Rome, Florence, Venice, Lugano. 14
• Eleven, South Coast. Wales, Scotland, •
Channel Isles. Enjoyable coasting Voyages, Cruises : Norway, Land of Mid• night Sun. Sea touring to Egypt. •
/11‘ Riviera, Morocco, Madeira Canada and III
U.S. A. See illustrated new program (100
PUT THE RHYTHMIC METHOD P1RST.—The Incorporated London Academy of Music, 22 Princes Street,
Cavendish Square, W.1.—Principal, T. H. YORKE TROTTER,
M.A., MuS.Doc. (Oxon).
AMBLES:—Visit to British Instructional Films, Ltd.,
Saturday, March 5, 10.30 at Surbiton.—Apply TRAVEL
CLUB SECRETARY, 98 Suttoncourt Road, W.4.
• pages) post free for stamp.
R
Q OCKINGHAM, Westward Ho ! Devon.—Guest House,
•1-•- lovely sea and country views, home, grown vegetables
and, salads, good fire, electric light, meat and vegetarian
diet.—Write Miss FoLL.
ELF-CONTAINED FLAT-3 rooms—furnished or un--, furnished, Central heating, every comfort. Horsham,
delightfully situated in town, Rent moderate. Single or
married teacher.—Box B.A., TEE WOMAN TEACHER.
• j EACHER IN DISTRESS will sell for £2 six books of
myth, stories as new.—Replies " Teacher " c /o THE
WOMAN TEACHER, 39 Gordon Square, W.C.1.
rro LET.—Large comfortable bed-sitting-room. Suit
I teacher or two friends, 1 minute from station, bus.
Recommended by member.-16 Melfort Road, Thornton
Heath.
CRUISES
id names.
•
Write to the Agents:
Battersby & Sons. 43 Aldwych, W.C.
CBE
Mk Sl=•1111*/111I•ElleINI•111,
O LET.—Small bed-sitting-room, own gas, suit teacher
or lady at business.—Apply evenings, 99 Osbaldeston
Road, Stamford Hill.
T
TWO FURNISHED ROOMS to let in quiet house, suit
two friends. Own linen and plate. Single beds,
gas,fire.-20 Kelmore Grove, East Dulwich, S.E.‘h2.
NFURNISHED 3 rooms, teacher's house, Balham.
Conveniences, linos, curtain fittings, &c. Vacant
March, 258.—Box P.P., THE WOMAN TEACHER.
VERY LARGE BED-SITTING-ROOM comfortably
furnished for two ladies, separate beds. Would let
to one. Every convenience. Superior house. Easy
access.-25 Milton Avenue, Archway Road, Highgate.
U
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