flying guide

Transcription

flying guide

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
FLYING GUIDE
Welcome to the flying and setup guide for the RealAir Lancair Legacy Version 2 for
Microsoft FSX and FSX Steam Edition.
This guide contains all of the information required to get the most out of the
Legacy V2’s unique features. Even if you are an experienced FSX user, please
take the time to go through this guide, at least briefly to start with. Our Legacy V2
requires specific settings in FSX to get the most out of the graphics, sounds and
flight modelling, and some of its advertised features won’t work properly if the
Legacy V2 or FSX are not setup correctly.
As well as this guide the Legacy V2 comes with the following documents:
• Pilot’s checklists for the Lancair Legacy.
• A guide to the Legacy’s Bendix/King autopilot.
• A document containing answers to many frequently asked questions.
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CONTENTS
ABOUT THE LANCAIR LEGACY
5
NEW FEATURES
6
REALVIEW11
FSX AND FSX SE
16
Using the Legacy with FSX
16
About the FSX SE Version
19
SETUP GUIDE
Flight Model Realism
20
20
Joystick Settings
22
Video Card Settings
23
Sound Gauge Initialisation
25
CONFIG PANEL
26
About the Config Panel
26
Using the Config Panel
27
Graphics Page
28
Realism Page
31
Panel Page
35
GPS & Radios Page
37
RealView Page
40
Sounds Page
42
Oxygen Page
43
Trouble-Shooting the Config Panel
44
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CONTENTS
VIRTUAL COCKPIT
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Panel45
Views48
Mouse Interaction
53
VC Details
56
GAUGES AND SWITCHES
58
Miscellaneous58
Annunciators59
VM1000C Engine Monitor
60
Angle of Attack (AOA) Indicator
63
True Airspeed Calculator
66
STANDARD GPS
Mouse Interaction
FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650
67
69
70
Flight1 GTN Installation
71
Trouble-Shooting 75
REALITY XP GNS 530/430
76
Reality XP GNS Installation
77
Trouble-Shooting 81
OXYGEN AND HYPOXIA
82
Hypoxia82
Oxygen System
85
Oxygen System Options
88
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CONTENTS
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TURBOCHARGED ENGINE OPTION
90
LANDING LIGHTS
92
Custom 3D Landing Lights
92
Default Landing Lights
93
FLYING94
Flying the Legacy
94
General Flying Tips
95
Managing Speeds
104
Engine Management
105
Navigation106
Aerobatics and Flying Close to the Limit
PILOT OPERATING INFORMATION
107
113
TROUBLE-SHOOTING114
Reload Aircraft
114
Sounds115
Graphics Issues
117
Config Panel
119
Flight1 GTN Integration
123
Reality XP GNS Integration
124
Miscellaneous Problems
125
SUPPORT126
CREDITS127
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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
ABOUT THE LANCAIR LEGACY
The Lancair Legacy is a truly remarkable aircraft, and is for us the natural
successor to our Marchetti SF260, one of the most successful GA aircraft add-ons
in the history of FSX. The Legacy is brim-full of brand new technology and has its
roots in the Lancair 200 but with an updated refinement of that ground breaking
design.
Being mainly a kit aircraft, the Legacy is relatively inexpensive to construct, yet
delivers breathtaking performance both in climb rate and top speed. It has short,
highly efficient wings with extensive laminar flow. With its standard, naturallyaspirated 310 hp engine it can achieve well over 2000 feet per minute climb rate
and has a top speed of up to 250 knots TAS in the right conditions. This makes it
an unrivalled sport plane and quick cruiser, in addition to having outstanding ability
in handling, whether for sedate cruising or semi-aerobatics.
Included for the first time in the version 2 Legacy package is the option of a 400+
hp turbo-charged piston engine in place of the usual 310hp naturally aspirated
engine. With the turbo engine, the Legacy can cruise at a remarkable 300+
knots TAS at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate also far exceeds the normally
aspirated Legacy and the ceiling is beyond the normal limit of 18,000 ft - although
higher than 12,000 ft is of course not recommended without oxygen!
REALAIR’S SIMULATION OF THE LEGACY
RealAir Simulations has a long history of ground breaking innovations right from
our very first releases for Microsoft’s Flight Simulator over ten years ago, and many
of these innovations have been adopted by other developers and even Microsoft
itself. RealAir was the first developer to offer proper spin and side-slip capabilities
in all our aircraft, at a time when Flight Simulator was not theoretically capable of
allowing such things. We were also the first to offer a VC with smoothly animated
3D gauges (back in FS2004), and for many years we remained the only developer
doing this. In addition we were one of the first developers to implement stall buffet
effects, GA aircraft engine failure modes, pilot inertia effects, 3D cockpits with
flexible views, proper stereo sound imaging without unwanted phasing effects,
and a wealth of other features.
In this simulation we have packaged all those innovations and modernised them
so that the Legacy now has contemporary cutting edge features which truly stretch
the limits of FSX.
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NEW FEATURES
Included in the Legacy V2 package is an optional turbocharged engine. This
variant is based on the competition/racer versions of the Legacy seen at places
like the Reno Air Races. Some of these variants carry turboprop engines, while
others have turbocharged piston engines. Our variant is a turbocharged piston
engine producing over 400 hp and on full power can produce a remarkable 300+
knots cruise at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate now far exceeds the normally
If you wish to fly either the normal or turbo variant this option is available via the
Legacy config panel. If chosen, the option applies the turbocharged engine to all
liveries within the package.
The Legacy V2 now features an optional turbocharged engine.
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NEW FEATURES
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PILOT OXYGEN & HYPOXIA SIMULATION
For the first time in a RealAir aircraft we have included a highly complex pilot
oxygen and hypoxia simulation. As you climb higher in the Legacy, if you do not
switch on pilot oxygen (or your oxygen runs out) you will gradually succumb to
the effects of oxygen starvation (otherwise known as hypoxia). Your vision will
gradually darken, you will find it harder and harder to control the aircraft, and your
breathing will become laboured. If you don’t take action quickly enough you will
lose consciousness.
The hypoxia simulation is highly advanced in that the time it takes to lose
consciousness at any given altitude closely matches what would happen in real
life, and the effects you experience as you begin to lose consciousness also
closely match what you would experience in real life. Pilot fitness is taken into
account - you can select your desired ‘pilot fitness’ using the Legacy’s Config
Panel. The less fit your pilot, the quicker he will succumb to hypoxia. You can also
control the size of your oxygen tank - with a small tank you need to manage your
oxygen carefully, with a large tank you don’t have to worry about it. You can also
turn off the oxygen/hypoxia simulation if you prefer.
INSTRUMENT LIGHT DIMMER
You can now finely control the brightness of the instrument back lighting on the
Legacy panel. The instrument dimmer works day and night and effects all backlit gauges including the traditional mechanical gauges (for example the airspeed
indicator) as well as the various digital and LCD gauges (for example the radios
and GPS units).
FLIGHT DYNAMICS
The Legacy’s flight dynamics have been reworked to simulate the new (optional)
turbo engine as closely as possible. In addition the handling has been subtly
tweaked to improve the Legacy’s already outstanding handling realism.
NEW TURBO ENGINE SOUNDS
The optional turbo engine includes turbo specific sounds with a subtle turbo
whine.
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NEW FEATURES
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IMPROVED AERODYNAMIC SOUNDS
Our custom wind sounds which react to aircraft control input, attitude, speed and
many other factors have all been greatly improved so that they now react more
smoothly and fluidly. For example, the wind sound that accompanies side-slipping
now reacts smoothly to yaw angle, so that small angles of yaw produce a subtle
wind noise, while large angles of yaw produce a louder sound, and the volume and
pitch of the sound varies in response to airspeed changes.
Aerodynamics sounds that react smoothly to speed and control input changes
include:
• High yaw angle sounds.
• High angle of attack sounds.
• High roll-rate sounds.
• Landing gear wind sounds when gear extended.
• Spoiler wind buffeting.
• Flap flutter sounds when flying above flap operating speeds.
• Aileron flutter sounds when flying above Vne.
• G overload sounds
• Rushing wind sound when the canopy is opened on the move.
FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650 VC INTEGRATION
The Legacy V2 now includes full VC integration for the Flight1 GTN 750 and GTN
650 as well as support for the RXP GNS 530, RXP GNS 430, or the standard
FSX GPS 500. Installing any of these gauges is as simple as clicking a couple of
buttons within the Legacy V2 Config Panel.
NEW LIVERIES AND CABIN COLOURS
The Legacy V2 features three new HD liveries, with each livery including a unique
panel and cabin colour combination that give each livery a unique character both
inside and out.
NEW AND IMPROVED CONFIG PANEL
The Legacy V2 features a new, easier to use config panel with a number of new
features and more easily accessible help information.
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NEW FEATURES
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The brand new Legacy V2 Config Panel
USER CONFIGURABLE RADIO PANEL LAYOUTS
Using the newly updated Config Panel, you can position the radios exactly how
you like. The Config Panel includes a new easy to use drag and drop interface
for rearranging the radios and GPS gauges. For example, if you would like the
autopilot to be at the top of the radio stack, you can quickly and easily do that. You
can move the position of the GPS and radios to make any radiostack layout you
can think of. When using Flight1 GTN or RXP GNS gauges, you choose whether
or not to include extra nav/com and transponder radios. See the ‘Config Panel’,
‘Flight1 GTN 750/650’ and ‘Reality XP GN 530/430’ chapters of this guide for more
information.
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NEW FEATURES
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MANY MORE MINOR IMPROVEMENTS
As well as the above major improvements, the Legacy features many minor
improvements and bug fixes. For example, a bug in the FSX turn coordinator code
has been fixed so that now the turn coordinator allows for perfect rate-one turns.
ADF dip is now simulated, and you can choose how strong this effect is via the
config panel. If you have ever experienced disappearing click-spots in the Legacy,
you can now choose to use the default FSX landing lights, rather than the Legacy’s
custom 3D landing lights - we have found in previous releases that this fixes the
click-spot problem for all of our customers. A small bug in the original Legacy that
caused the pilot’s feet and arms to appear outside the aircraft when the controls
were moved to their extremes has been fixed.
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REALVIEW
REALVIEW SOUND AND ANIMATION EFFECTS
Included with the Legacy V2 is a comprehensive collection of advanced animation
and sounds effects.
Airframe vibrations, yoke and aileron flutter, plus accompanying sounds when
flying above Vne
A BRIEF HISTORY OF REALAIR’S REALVIEW EFFECTS
As far back as 2004, RealAir Simulations was the first developer to include
animation and aerodynamic effects which enhanced the standard behaviour of
Microsoft Flight Simulator aircraft. We were the first to implement pilot inertia
view effects in FS2004, and Microsoft adopted a similar effect in their first release
version of FSX.
We went on to provide engine failures with oil, smoke and flames in our Spitfire,
and were the first developer to introduce convincing stall buffet sound and visual
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effects in all of our aircraft. Many of these and similar effects were then adopted
by other developers, who then took our innovations and went a few steps beyond.
Starting with the RealAir Legacy, the Legacy B60 V2, and now with the Legacy
V2, these custom sound and animation effects are the most advanced offered in
a FSX/P3D aircraft. The RealView effects are present in all stages of flight, from
startup to taxiing, take off, manoeuvring, and landing.
The RealView effects are not a separate addon for which we charge a separate
price, but are an integral part of this aircraft, having been designed in great detail
to suit the specific characteristics of the Legacy. They have also been designed to
work together in a seamless, harmonised way.
The custom aerodynamic sound effects in the Legacy V2 have been completely
reprogrammed to be even more responsive to aircraft speed and control input.
LIST OF REALVIEW ADVANCED EFFECTS
Please note: Most of these advanced effects are user-adjustable or can be
switched off individually.
ü Needle and cockpit vibrations, both of which you can customise in strength or
turn off completely.
ü Engine start-up and shut-down propeller torque effects. When you start-up or
shut-down either engine, the propellers create a torque reaction that gently rocks
the Legacy’s airframe. This effect is perfectly coordinated with accompanying
sounds.
ü Stall buffet effects that feature a newly designed ‘shake’ of the airframe when
you are on the cusp of a stall.
ü High G sounds and subtle animations when you pull substantial amounts of
positive G.
ü Hard landing effects which shake the aircraft and create a visible and audible
‘thump’ when you land. The softer your landings (in flying parlance a ‘greaser’) the
less noticeable this effect will be, while the harder your landings the more violent
the effect. You can fine-tune the strength of this effect or turn it off altogether.
ü Runway surface vibration effects as you taxi and take off, also customisable.
ü Gentle flap vibrations at normal speeds.
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ü Complete flap failure simulation. If you fly with the flaps down above their safe
operating speeds, you will hear the flaps ‘fluttering’ and see violent flap vibrations.
If you ignore these warnings and continue without retracting the flaps or slowing
down you will hear a loud bang as the flap control mechanisms fail. If this happens
you will be unable to retract or extend the flaps, and the flaps will vibrate violently
in the air stream. Only a landing and slowing down on the runway will stop the
vibrations. Reloading the Legacy will restore the flaps to their working state. This
effect can be enabled or disabled.
ü If you exceed VNE the whole airframe will shake, subtlely at first then becoming
more violent, accompanied by vibrations in the yokes and ailerons. This alerts you
to the immediate need to slow the Legacy down to avoid further damage. This
effect is adjustable in the config panel.
ü As you lower the landing gear you will hear and feel the wheels as they lock
down and as they retract into the wing wells. These effects are accompanied by a
multitude of sound effects which harmonise with the animations.
ü Lowering the landing gear exposes the struts and wheels to the airstream and
you will hear the wind creating drag on the struts in the form of a low pitched
rumble.
ü The cabin door, when opened on the ground, will cause a rise in engine and
airstream noise if the engines are running. Above a certain speed, either on the
runway or while flying, attempting to open the door will result in similar sounds
but the door will also only partially open as the airstream fights to keep it shut.
The faster you go the louder the airstream and engine sounds. The door will only
fully open at or below taxi speed. Above this speed the airstream holds the door
partially closed, with appropriate animations of the door ‘straining’ against the
wind.
ü When you extend the spoilers, the disturbance in airflow will subtly shake the
airframe, and you will hear the sound of the wind as it is deflected by the spoilers.
ü Inside the cockpit the control sticks move smoothly in response to autopilot and
trim commands.
ü When you add up trim, not only does the elevator trim-tab move down, the
elevators deflect upwards and the control sticks move aft. This effect is speed
sensitive just like in real life - for example at standstill you’ll see no control surface
or stick movement, only the trimtab will move. The ailerons and rudder respond in
the same way.
ü A comprehensive set of aerodynamic sound effects (see below).
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AERODYNAMIC SOUND EFFECTS
As you manoeuvre around the sky, a comprehensive collection of sound effects
will react to your attitude, airspeed and control yoke input. These sounds do not
just switch on and off and are not fixed like a generic effect. There are literally
hundreds of separate instances of these sounds which smoothly transform in
volume and intensity according to the type of pitch, roll and yaw manoeuvre you
execute, and in addition these effects can be influenced by changes in outside
wind-speed, direction changes, gusts and wind shear.
For example, if you gently roll the aircraft with small aileron movements, you will
not hear any sound effect. But if you bank the Legacy more positively, you will
hear a subtle airstream effect as the wings slice through the air, and this will grow
in intensity the faster you fly. If you pull the stick back beyond a gentle amount
then (depending on your airspeed) you will hear the change in airflow over the
wings, and when positive G exceeds a certain amount you will hear louder airflow
effects and the straining of the airframe structure. If you attempt to yaw the Legacy
beyond a small amount, for instance if you are deliberately side-slipping or making
an uncoordinated turn, you will hear the airstream change in volume and intensity
as it collides asymmetrically with the fuselage. This effect can also kick in during
a spin or in steep turns at low speed when the fuselage gets out of alignment
with the Legacy’s heading. Generally speaking, all these sound effects change
dynamically according to your airspeed, attitude and control input.
Many of the other advanced RealView sound effects work in concert with the
animated effects. For example when the landing gear is raised or lowered you will
hear the doors shut and the ‘thump’ of the wheels hitting the stops inside the gear
well or a ‘bump’ as the struts extend to fully open position. You will also hear the
gear doors open and shut.
For the Legacy V2, we have completely rewritten the code that controls these
custom aerodynamic sound effects so that they now respond even more smoothly
with control changes, aircraft attitude changes and speed changes. To use the
side-slip wind sound as an example - the volume of this sound is now responsive
to side-slip angle, so the greater your side-slip angle, the louder the sound. This
makes the sounds subtler and more natural when gently manoeuvring the aircraft,
but still loud when you boot in large amounts of control throw. The volume and
pitch of the sound will also vary with airspeed. The same goes for all of the other
aerodynamics related custom sounds.
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SWITCH AND DIAL SOUND EFFECTS
Each switch, dial, rotary control, knob and button has not only an accompanying
sound but these are customised to suit the position and type of the switch in
question.
SOUND EFFECT VOLUMES
For information on balancing the custom sound effects with the standard FSX
sounds, please see the ‘Setup Guide - Balancing the Sound Effect Volumes’
section on page 24 below.
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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
FSX AND FSX SE
USING THE LEGACY WITH FSX
SUPPORTED VERSIONS OF FSX
This version of the Legacy can be installed into Microsoft FSX (boxed version), and/
or FSX Steam Edition. Please note, Please note, for the boxed vrsion of FSX, you
will need to install the free SP2 update, or the Acceleration expansion pack.
INSTALLING INTO MULTIPLE SIMULATORS
It is possible to install the Legacy into multiple simulators on the one PC. With the
FSX version of the Legacy, you can install into both MS FSX (boxed) and FSX SE if
you wish. If you also own the P3D version of the Legacy, you can install into P3D
v2 and/or P3D v3 as well (requires a separate purchase, see our website for more
information).
To install into both MS FSX and FSX SE, you will need to run the installer twice once for each sim. During installation, and after entering your RealAir account
details, you will see the following screen:
Sim selection screen of installer
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FSX AND FSX SE
LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
Select the sim you want to install into, then proceed with the installation as usual.
After installation, run the installer again, but this time select the sim you didn’t
install into the first time.
UNINSTALLATION AFTER INSTALLING INTO MULTIPLE SIMS
If you install the Legacy into multiple sims, you will need to uninstall each version
separately. This is simply a matter of choosing the appropriate version to uninstall
in the Windows “Programs and Features” dialog:
Be sure to select the appropriate version during uninstallation
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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
USING THE CONFIG AFTER INSTALLING INTO MULTIPLE SIMS
Each version of the Legacy installed onto your PC will have its own Config Panel.
For example, if you want to make changes to the MS FSX version of the Legacy,
you will need to use the Config Panel for the MS FSX version of the Legacy. This
simply requires that you open the correct version of the Config Panel. After
installing the Legacy into MS FSX and FSX SE, you will see the following icons on
your Windows desktop:
Click on the appropriate icon for the version you wish to alter
The original, boxed version of FSX is labelled ‘FSX’ while the newer Steam Edition
is labelled ‘FSX SE’. It is simply a matter of clicking on the icon appropriate for the
version you wish to adjust. If you also have the P3D version the Legacy installed, it
too will have its own dedicated icon(s) on your desktop. After opening the Config
Panel, double check you have the right one open by looking at the title of the
Config panel, this will tell you which version you are making changes to:
Double-check you have the correct Config Panel open by looking at the title
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FSX AND FSX SE
LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
ABOUT THE FSX SE VERSION
NO REALITY XP COMPATIBILITY
The FSX SE version of the Legacy is identical to the original (boxed) FSX version of
the Legacy. The only difference is that you cannot install the Reality XP GNS 530
or GNS 430 into the Legacy when it is installed into FSX SE. This is because the
Reality XP gauges have never been updated to work with the newer version of
FSX. This is something beyond our control.
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SETUP GUIDE
FLIGHT MODEL REALISM
Important! Many of the core features of the RealAir Legacy V2 will only work
properly if your realism settings in FSX are adjusted correctly. Our flight model
relies on having the general realism slider in your FSX realism menu to be set
FULLY RIGHT. Even one tiny notch less than maximum general realism will disable
all the painstaking features we have built into the flight aerodynamics. You will
need general realism to be set to maximum for the correct roll rate, yaw control,
side-slipping, stalling and spinning, and in fact all general handling, to be as we
intended.
It is essential to set the ‘General’ realism slider to 100%
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In order to enable gear up landings (so-called “belly landings”) you will need to
switch off the collision detection in FSX’s realism menu. Keeping it switched on is
not only unrealistic but instead of belly landing FSX will close the flight when you
collide with an object or overstress the airframe.
P-factor, which tends to turn propeller engine aircraft to the left, especially with
a high angle of attack and high engine power, is best set with the slider halfway,
but not much less if you want realism. The Legacy V2 does not require much right
rudder on the take off run but does require a little right rudder at low speed and
high power.
Propeller Torque factor, which tends to slightly roll an aircraft to the right with
sudden or high power and a high angle of attack, is not much of a problem in
the Legacy. While there is some tendency to roll it is not at all prominent. We
recommend setting the Torque slider anywhere between halfway and two thirds.
Gyro drift is exaggerated in FSX and we recommend you set this slider well to the
left.
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JOYSTICK SETTINGS
We recommend setting your main joystick or yoke control similarly to the
illustration below. Placing the sensitivity sliders to approximately one third will
ensure that you can have fine control of the first third of joystick movement for
pitch and roll, while still allowing full deflection for more extreme manoeuvres. This
affects slewing however, and if you find that using your joystick for slewing results
in sluggish slewing movement, you might wish to set the sensitivity sliders a little
higher.
Recommended control sensitivity settings
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VIDEO CARD SETTINGS
It is essential to enable anti-aliasing (AA) and anisotropic filtering in your video
card settings. Without AA enabled the 3D panel and gauges will appear ‘jaggy’,
and the 3D gauges will appear to have severe ‘shimmering’. 2x AA is the absolute
minimum we recommend. Any video card manufactured in the last few years will
be capable of running 4x AA with almost no reduction in frame-rates. The higher
the AA setting you use, the better the panel and gauges will look, and the less
shimmering you’ll see, but it is essential to balance this against getting adequate,
stutter-free frame-rates.
Generally speaking 4x AA is a safe bet. 8x AA will only yield a small visual
improvement over 4x, and on most video cards 8x AA will produce a very
noticeable frame-rate reduction. This is even more so with 16x AA. Low framerates, and frame-rate stuttering will mean the Legacy will not handle nearly as well
as it would at higher frame-rates, so it is definitely worth being conservative with
your AA settings (see the ‘Frame-Rates’ section below).
FRAME-RATES
While many sim forums are awash with tweaks and fsx.cfg settings which attempt
to extract every possible performance improvement out of FSX, some of these
tweaks can actually make things worse, or at best offer some improvement
while at the same time increasing the possibilities of a crash, freeze, display
issue or other stability problem that rarely is caused by any loaded aircraft alone.
Running the Legacy with your sliders all at maximum is not recommended until
you have first flown the Legacy on modest or low graphic settings. Thereafter we
recommend that you gradually increase the detail in scenery and other graphical
options until you arrive at a workable compromise.
Many of the Legacy’s flying characteristics rely on a reasonably high and smooth
frame rate of approximately 30 fps in order for the flight model to display at its
best. While 25 fps is adequate for procedural flying (for example navigating under
autopilot) a frame rate much below this will start to affect the fluidity and fidelity
of the aerodynamic responses, together with far less pleasing movement and
manual pilot control input.
Using a modest but reasonably up to date computer, you should be able to
achieve 30 frames per second in the Legacy, provided you are not at large,
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SETUP GUIDE
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graphically intensive airports, or are using heavy amounts of road or air traffic.
Higher specified computers should be able to deliver a higher frame rate than this.
Use the FSX Sound Settings dialog to balance the custom sound volumes.
BALANCING THE SOUND EFFECT VOLUMES
All the custom sound effects, including flaps, gear, extra wind effects (apart from
normal airspeed wind), stall buffet, G effects, aileron flutter, flap vibrations and
other custom sounds are set in terms of master volume so that they balance well
within the custom sound suite. Therefore to balance them with the default FSX
controlled sounds like cockpit, environment (meaning normal wind sounds), and
engine volumes, you will need to adjust the three main sound sliders so that they
balance to your satisfaction with the custom sounds. For example, to hear louder
custom sounds as described in the above sections, turn down the engine volume
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slider. To turn down the custom sound effects, increase the three main sound
sliders then turn down the overall volume of your speakers. In this way you can
fine tune the balance between nearly all of the available sounds.
As a general rule, we recommend setting all three sound sliders initially at
between half and two thirds, then re-balance these sliders together with your
overall speaker volume in order to achieve the overall sound balance you prefer.
SOUND GAUGE INITIALISATION
When loading the Legacy V2 for the first time, FSX will inform you that it wants to
run a custom sound gauge. Click ‘OK’ to allow this gauge to be loaded, after which
FSX will not need your permission again.
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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX
CONFIG PANEL
ABOUT THE CONFIG PANEL
NEWLY UPDATED
The Legacy V2 features a brand new version of the RealAir Config Panel. The
Config Panel allows you to setup the Legacy exactly to your liking, with a number
of graphics, avionics, sound, realism and animation settings to choose from.
The Legacy V2 Config Panel
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USING THE CONFIG PANEL
AFTER INSTALLATION
Immediately after installing the Legacy V2, the Config Panel will open. We
recommend using default settings for your first flight before making any further
changes.
The Legacy V2 installer will add a shortcut for the Config Panel to your desktop.
This shortcut is named ‘Legacy V2 FSX Config’ or ‘Legacy V2 FSX SE Config’
(depending on which sim you have installed into). Double click on this shortcut to
open the Config Panel. You can also find a link in your Windows Start Menu, or the
‘Apps’ screen in Windows 8.
Please Note: If you have both the FSX and P3D versions of the Legacy V2
installed on your computer, you will see more than one desktop shortcut for the
Config Panel. The FSX version is named ‘Legacy V2 FSX Config’ while the P3D
version is named either ‘Legacy V2 P3D2 Config’ or ‘Legacy V2 P3D3 Config’. Be
sure to open the correct Config Panel for the version you wish to adjust.
CHANGING SETTINGS ‘ON THE FLY’
You can make changes to the Legacy Config while FSX is running. To do this, do
the following:
1. Change your screen to windowed mode if it is not already in that state, by
pressing ALT ENTER on your keyboard.
2. Pause if necessary (you can set FSX so it does this automatically in the next
step).
3. Minimise the window. FSX will now be ‘suspended’ but still running.
4. Open the Config Panel and change or choose your different options, press
‘Save’ then ‘Exit’.
5. Now maximise FSX or press ALT ENTER again to go full screen, then press the
‘reload aircraft’ key.
Handy tip: To use the ‘reload aircraft’ command, you must assign a key to it by
going to ‘Options - Settings - Controls’ in FSX. For detailed help on how to do this,
see the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Reload aircraft’ section on page 114 of this guide.
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CONFIG PANEL OPTIONS EXPLAINED
The Legacy V2 config panel is very simple to use. Most of the options are straightforward and require no further explanation. However some options might not be
obvious to all. On the pages that follow we explain some of those less-obvious
options.
GRAPHICS PAGE
The Config Panel Graphics page
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CUSTOM 3D LANDING LIGHTS
With this setting enabled, the Legacy will use custom 3D landing and taxi lights in
place of the default FSX landing and taxi lights. These custom landing lights look
much more realistic and convincing, and light the ground in a more realistic way.
If you are experiencing problems with disappearing click-spots, we recommend
disabling the custom 3D landing lights. In the past this has fixed the problem for
every customer we have helped with this issue. Please see the ‘Landing Lights’
section of this guide for much more detailed information.
EXTERIOR - WORKING GAUGE DISPLAYS
With this setting enabled, all of the digital/LCD displays on the cockpit panel will be
fully functional when viewed from an exterior camera. With this setting disabled,
the various digital/LCD displays will have a fixed graphic applied. This fixed graphic
will look perfectly realistic but when you look very closely you will see that the
displays never change.
This setting is only applicable to exterior views - when you are in the virtual
cockpit view (as you would be for almost all of your flying) the displays will work
properly with this setting enabled or disabled.
The setting is provided to slightly improve performance, and reduce the chance of
issues when flying in multiplayer. In testing we have found that it’s almost always
worth keeping this setting enabled in single player mode. Because this setting
only affects the exterior views, you will not see a framerate improvement in the VC
when you set this setting to ‘Disabled’.
VIEW CHANGING CLICK-SPOTS IN VC
This setting allows you to enable or disable view changing click-spots in the VC
view. If you’re not already aware, the view changing click-spots allow you to jump
between VC views at the click of a button to quickly and easily zoom in on the
more important gauges and switches. Please see the ‘Virtual Cockpit - VC view
click-spots’ section of this guide on page 50 for more information.
Please note: if you didn’t like the view changing click-spot navigation method
in our original B60 Duke or Legacy, please give it another try in this Version 2
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Legacy. We have made the view changing click-spots smaller and provided ample
separation between view click-spot areas and the other switch and knob click-spot
areas so it is now virtually impossible to accidentally change VC views when you
really wanted to click on a switch or knob. We believe the revised view changing
click-spots mean there is now virtually no down-side to using this method.
VC GAUGE GLASS DUST
This setting controls whether or not you can see dust on the glass of the panel
gauges. Hiding the dust makes the gauges a little clearer to read, but in our
opinion slightly reduces the realism and character of the panel graphics.
VC GAUGE GLASS REFLECTIONS
This setting controls whether or not you can see reflections on the glass of the
panel gauges. Hiding the reflections makes the gauges a little clearer to read, but
in our opinion slightly reduces the realism and character of the panel graphics.
VC WINDOW GRIME
This setting controls whether or not you can see flecks of ‘grime’ on the windows
in VC view. Hiding the grime makes the view outside slightly clearer, but in our
opinion slightly reduces the realism and character and immersion of the VC
graphics.
VC WINDOW REFLECTIONS
This setting controls whether or not you can see reflections on the windows in
VC view. Hiding the reflections makes the view outside slightly clearer, but in
our opinion slightly reduces the realism and character and immersion of the VC
graphics.
VC GAUGE BACK-LIGHTING
This setting allows you to choose between two different types of gauge back
lighting. The difference between the two is quite subtle. For most people we
recommend keeping this set to ‘Type 1’. If you think the back lighting seems a little
too bright, try ‘Type 2’.
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REALISM PAGE
The Legacy V2 Config Panel Realism Page
TURBOCHARGED ENGINE
With this setting enabled, the Legacy will be fitted with a 400 hp turbocharged
engine. With this setting disabled, the Legacy will be fitted with a 310 hp normally
aspirated engine. The turbo engine improves cruise speed, climb rate and
maximum altitude. For more information please see the ‘Turbocharged Engine
Option’ section.
Please note: The version 1 RealAir Legacy was fitted with a 310 hp normally
aspirated engine, and the turbo engine was not available.
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FLAP FAILURE
On the Realism Options page you will find the ‘Flap Failure’ option. When this is
enabled it is possible to irreparably damage the flaps by flying above the safe flap
extension speed (known by pilots as ‘Vfe’). In the Legacy the maximum safe speed
for flying with the flaps lowered is 132kt IAS. However you can safely use the first
stage of flaps up to approximately 175kt IAS, but lowering the flaps further should
only be down when flying below 132kt. Handy tip: The maximum safe speed for full
flaps is represented by the end of the white radial line on the airspeed indicator.
If you fly above 175kt with approach flaps extended or above 132kt with full flaps
extended the flaps will eventually fail. When the flaps fail you’ll hear a loud bang
followed by a clattering sound as the flaps flutter freely in the breeze. When this
happens it will no longer be possible to lower or retract the flaps, instead when
you attempt to move the flaps you’ll briefly hear the flap motor straining as it
attempts to move the damaged flap mechanism.
To repair the flaps and get them working again, simply reload the Legacy in FSX.
Handy tip: If after lowering the flaps you hear a clattering sound, it means you are
flying too fast for that stage of flap. You must either slow down (quickly) or raise
the flaps. If you don’t the flaps will eventually fail. If you are flying much too fast
the flaps will fail quite quickly!
ADF DIP
In real-life, while tracking an NDB station, bank angle can have a small effect on
the ADF needle reading. This error is greatest when travelling directly towards or
away from an NDB, and reduces to zero when travelling at 90 degrees to the NDB.
This error can make flying an NDB approach much more challenging.
If you would like to see this ADF dip error simulated in the RealAir Legacy, make
sure the ‘ADF Dip’ slider is not in the ‘Off’ position. This slider controls how severe
the ADF dip is in the Legacy. Set to ‘very low’ will mean the dip effect is only slight,
while being set to ‘very high’ will mean the dip effect is very noticeable. In real
life, different aircraft will exhibit more or less ADF dip depending on how the ADF
antenna is installed.
If you would prefer the ADF needle to point directly towards the NDB station at all
times, move the ‘ADF Dip’ slider all the way to the left until it says ‘Off’.
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COLD AND DARK COCKPIT
When you enable this setting, the Legacy will load with the engine stopped and all
switches in the off position. This simulates how you would find the aircraft in real
life when you first hop in for a flight. Note: the cockpit will only load ‘cold and dark’
when you load the Legacy on the ground, if you load it while in flight the engines
and switches will be as they were before the Legacy was loaded. This prevents the
need for a hurried engine start to avoid an undesired landing or crash!
Unfortunately when you load a saved flight FSX can be very insistent on setting
the switches as they were when you saved the flight, and sometimes this can
override the Legacy’s ‘cold and dark’ settings. Pressing the ‘reload aircraft’ key
will usually fix the problem and reload the Legacy with the proper ‘cold and dark’
settings. For more information on trouble shooting the ‘cold and dark’ setting, and
for help setting the ‘reload aircraft’ key, please see the Troubleshooting section of
this guide.
SUSPENSION SETTINGS
FSX runways have broadly two kinds of surfaces: those with no ridges or bumps
(generally runways at large or regional airports), and some smaller FSX airfields
have tarmac or concrete runways which have an artificially imposed set of regular
‘bumps’ and undulations. These are somewhat unconvincing, as are similar
undulations on nearly all grass runways. The grass runways especially create
a uniform and rather predictable suspension oscillation and can also create
exaggerated drag as a consequence of the exaggerated friction in default grass
runways and the bucking movement of aircraft suspension and wheels.
We have made efforts to overcome these anomalies through the ‘grass’
suspension option. This can be used with both hard and soft surfaces and its
effect is to dampen and smooth out the artificial undulations, while the ‘Tarmac’
suspension stiffens up the Legacy’s struts and springs and encourages more of a
‘bounce’ when landing heavily on hard surfaces.
If you are using a lot of grass runways in a given FSX session we recommend
switching on the ‘grass’ suspension setting. As well as changing the suspension
settings, this will also change the wheel touchdown sounds so that you do not get
an unrealistic ‘chirp’ when landing on grass when the tires contact the ground.
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FREE-CASTORING NOSEWHEEL
Small, fairly simple aircraft such as the Legacy are often fitted with what is known
as a ‘free-castoring’ nosewheel. This means the nosewheel is not linked directly
to the rudder pedals but instead can freely rotate. To steer while taxiing an
aircraft with a free-castoring nosewheel, you need to use differential braking. On
the takeoff run, you initially steer with differential braking and then as airspeed
increases and the rudder becomes effective, you steer with the rudder pedals. This
option is more realistic for an aircraft like the Legacy, but it requires that you have
a set of rudder pedals that include differential braking controls. If you don’t have
such a set of rudder pedals, then disable this feature. With this setting disabled
you can steer while taxiing with normal rudder pedal control.
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PANEL PAGE
The Legacy V2 Panel Page
VC MOUSE INTERACTION SETTINGS
These setting allow you to select how you would prefer to interact with the various
switches and dials in the Legacy cockpit. See the ‘Operating the Radios and
Gauges’ section of this guide for detailed information on these settings.
INSTRUMENT LIGHT BRIGHTNESS
This slider will set the default brightness for the instrument light dimmer. Whenever
you load the Legacy V2, the instrument light dimmer will be set to this value.
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PANEL LIGHTS
When you enable this feature the Legacy V2 will load with the panel lights
switched on. This gives improved shading on the virtual cockpit panel, which due
to FSX lighting limitations can look very dark at times, even during the middle of
the day. If you do not like this and would prefer the lights to be off when you load
the Legacy, set this feature to ‘disabled’.
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GPS & RADIOS PAGE
This page allows you to setup the radio and GPS panel to your exact liking. On this
page you can select which GPS to install into the aircraft, and how the individual
radios will be arranged on the panel.
The GPS & Radios page of the Config Panel
GPS INSTALLATION
This section allows you to select your GPS installation. It allows you to choose
between ‘No GPS’, the default FSX ‘GPS 500’ and the following third party GPS
gauges:
Flight1 GTN 750, Flight1 GTN 650, Reality XP GNS 530 and Reality XP GNS 430
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The Config Panel automatically detects which of these third party GPS gauges
you currently have installed. You can only install either of these third party gauges
if they are currently installed on your PC. If you do not have any of these gauges
installed you will only be able to select the ‘No GPS’ and ‘default GPS 500’ options.
Reality XP do not sell a version of their GNS gauges that are compatible with FSX
SE. For this reason you cannot install Reality XP GNS gauges into the FSX SE
version of the Legacy V2.
The Flight1 GTN gauges are sold separately by Flight1 (see www.flight1.com for
more information). The Reality XP GNS gauges are sold separately by Reality XP
(see www.reality-xp.com for more information). We have no connection with either
Flight1 or Reality XP and cannot provide support for any of their products.
You will see one or two drop down boxes allowing you to select your exact GPS
installation. You will only see the second drop down box if the first GPS selected
can be installed alongside a second GPS.
You cannot install two GPSes from two different developers (eg a GTN 750 and
GNS 530, or a GTN 750 and GPS500). This avoids any possible conflict between
the different GPS types, because each developer uses different methods for
interacting with the panel avionics.
Please see the ‘Flight1 GTN 750/650’, ‘Reality XP GNS 530/430’, and ‘Default GPS
500’ sections of this guide for more information.
GPS 500 OPTIONS
If you choose to install the default GPS 500, you will be presented with a couple
of options. The first is whether the GPS will load in the on or off state. Select the
option you prefer.
The second option is whether or not you would like ‘Auto CRS’ enabled. This
controls how the HSI course needle behaves when it is being controlled by the
GPS. When the HSI is being controlled by the GPS (Nav/GPS switch set to GPS),
and with ‘Auto CRS’ enabled, the HSI course needle will automatically move to the
GPS course (DTK) bearing. With ‘Auto CRS’ disabled, the HSI course needle must
be manually set to match the GPS course bearing. The latter is more realistic for an
aircraft like the Legacy.
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OPTIONAL SEPARATE RADIOS
If you choose to install a Flight1 GTN or Reality XP GNS gauge, you can choose
whether or not to install ‘optional separate radios’.
The GTN and GNS gauges contain built-in nav/com radios. So when either of these
types of GPS gauges are installed it is not necessary to install a separate nav/com
radio. Despite this you can choose to install a separate nav/com radio anyway.
Many people find the separate radios quicker and easier to tune, and some prefer
the look of the panel with more radios installed.
If you have selected the GTN 750 or GTN 650, you can also choose whether or
not to install a separate transponder radio. The GTN 750 and GTN 650 each have
in-built transponder radios so a separate transponder is not required, but as with
the nav/com radios you can choose to install one anyway.
The GTN 750 has an in-built audio panel, so if you install a GTN 750, you cannot
choose to install a separate audio panel. This avoids conflicts between the GTN
750’s audio panel and the stand-alone audio panel.
If you install two GTN 750s into the panel, then you do not have the option to
install any separate Nav/Com gauges or a separate transponder gauge. This is
simply because the Legacy does not have room for these extra gauges when two
GTN 750s are installed.
RADIO PANEL LAYOUT
This section allows you to quickly and easily arrange the radio layout to your
exact liking. If you would like to rearrange the radios, simply click on the radio
you would like to move, and while holding your left mouse button down drag it
to a new location. The other radios will organise themselves as you move each
radio. Any radio or GPS can be placed in any position. The only limitation is due
to the physical height of the panel. The Legacy’s radio layout is arranged into
two columns. If you try to install too many radios into either column, the bottommost radio will move across to the emptier column, ensuring that the radio layout
chosen will always fit on the Legacy’s panel. The Legacy panel doesn’t have much
room on the right hand column, so the larger gauges such as the GTN 750s and
GPS 500 cannot be moved across to the right hand side of the panel.
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REALVIEW PAGE
The RealView page of the Config Panel
The RealView page of the Config Panel allows fine control over many of the
custom animations that are included with the Legacy V2.
For more information on each of the RealView animation effects, please view the
dedicated ‘RealView’ section of this guide.
Each slider controls the strength of each of the RealView animation effects. Moving
a slider to the right will make the effect it controls more obvious. Moving any one
of the sliders to the left will make the effect more subtle, and moving a slider all the
way to the left will completely disable that particular animation effect.
To reset all of the sliders to default settings, press the ‘Restore Defaults’ button.
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A note on ‘shimmering’: The ‘Ground roll vibration’ and ‘Engine vibration on
ground’ effects both move the entire cockpit relative to the pilot’s eye-point.
This can cause some items in the cockpit to appear to ‘shimmer’ as they quickly
vibrate back and forth. Moving either of these two sliders to the right will tend to
exaggerate this shimmering. Shimmering is an unwanted by-product of the way
FSX renders 3D objects on the screen. Increasing your video card’s anti-aliasing
(AA) settings can significantly reduce this shimmering. Most modern video cards
can comfortably run 4x AA with little to no drop in framerates, and higher settings
than this will reduce shimmering even further. But it is extremely important to
not set AA so high that it reduces framerates, because low framerates will make
the Legacy (and any FSX aircraft) handle poorly. If you don’t like this shimmering
and would prefer to keep AA settings low, you can opt to turn off the ‘Ground roll
vibration’ and ‘Engine vibration on ground’ altogether.
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SOUNDS PAGE
The Sounds page of the Config Panel
SPOILER MOTOR SOUNDS
This setting will enable or disable the sounds heard when the spoilers are opening
or closing. It will not disable the wind sounds heard when the spoilers are open.
This setting has been provided for those who wish to use an analogue controller to
operate the spoilers.
We do not recommend using an analogue controller for the spoilers in the Legacy
because the real aircraft uses a simple on/off switch to completely open or
completely close the spoilers.
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OXYGEN PAGE
The Oxygen page of the Config Panel
HYPOXIA SIMULATION
This setting will enable or disable the hypoxia simulation. For detailed information
on the hypoxia simulation please see the ‘Oxygen and Hypoxia’ section of this
guide.
OXYGEN SWITCH ON LOAD
This setting affects whether the pilot oxygen will be on or off whenever the Legacy
is loaded in FSX.
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PILOT FITNESS
The fitter your pilot then the higher you will need to fly before the effects of
hypoxia (oxygen starvation) will take effect. You will also need to fly for longer
before noticing the effects of hypoxia. For detailed information on the hypoxia
simulation and how it is effected by pilot fitness, please see the ‘Oxygen and
Hypoxia’ section of this guide.
HEAVY BREATHING
As you gain altitude and the air becomes thinner, it becomes harder and harder
to breathe. With ‘heavy breathing’ enabled, you will hear the sound of the pilot
struggling to get enough air into his lungs. The volume of this sound will increase
the higher you fly, and will also get louder prior to loss of consciousness from the
effects of hypoxia. With ‘heavy breathing’ disabled, you will never hear this sound.
OXYGEN TANK SIZE
This setting affects the size of the oxygen tank. The small tank will take about
50mins to run out at 25,000ft, the medium tank will take about 2 hours, and
the large tank will take about 10 hours. The rate at which the oxygen depletes
increases as you climb - all tanks will last longer at lower altitudes, and shorter at
higher altitudes.
Please note, whenever you load the Legacy, the oxygen tank will be returned to
100% capacity.
For detailed information on the system, please see the ‘Oxygen and Hypoxia’
section of this guide.
TROUBLE-SHOOTING THE CONFIG PANEL
Please go to the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Config Panel’ section on page 119 for
information on how to solve any Config Panel problems you may encounter.
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VIRTUAL COCKPIT
PANEL
Pilot’s panel featuring 3D gauges and switches
PANEL LAYOUT
The layout of the RealAir Legacy panel represents a well-equipped real-world
Legacy equipped with mostly analogue gauges. While some Legacys are equipped
with more contemporary “glass” gauges we chose what are known as “steam” or
“traditional” gauges for a number of reasons. Firstly we feel that analogue gauges
are more readable in a simulator since glass gauges require frequent zooming
in to see the detail required for navigation. Secondly, conventional gauges are in
our opinion not only less complex to use, but they also offer an aesthetically more
satisfying look. There is a third reason: glass gauges significantly reduce computer
performance and frame rate.
The layout we chose places the “sacred six” gauges all within view of the left seat
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pilot in an array that is easy to see. The placing of the RMI on the far right hand
side was a difficult decision but on balance we felt that in most countries GPS
navigation is starting to overtake the use of ADF navigation.
On the lower left of the panel are all the main switches for battery, lights, pitot
heat, fuel pump and spoilers. At the lower centre are the throttle, prop and mixture
controls together with the fuel selector and the aileron and rudder trims. These
trims are easy to use by clicking the left and right portions of the switches with the
left mouse buttons, and a right click anywhere on these switches will return the
trims to zero.
The VM1000C all-in-one engine monitor to the right of the panel displays all
the information you need related to engine parameters, fuel management, and
electrical system monitoring.
VM1000C engine monitor, pilot oxygen gauge and Hobbs meter.
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IFR NAVIGATION
The RealAir Legacy is fully equipped for IFR flight, having an array of radio
navigation gauges including an HSI, VOR2, RMI (which can track both VOR and
NDB stations) and DME. The autopilot can be used to track VOR stations, GPS
waypoints, and can capture and track the glideslope on ILS approaches.
If you own either a Flight1 GTN or RXP GNS GPS unit, we’ve made it easy for you to
integrate these into the Legacy panel. The GTN and GNS units will fully integrate
into the panel allowing you to track GPS waypoints via the HSI, and the autopilot
can also be slaved to the GTN or GNS units. Please see the sections on GTN and
GNS add-on gauges and their use in the Legacy elsewhere in this document.
Main IFR instruments
WHY NO 2D PANELS?
RealAir Simulations was one of the first developers to abandon the old-style
traditional ‘2D panels’ in FS9, FSX, and now P3D. Our reasoning was this: We make
our 3D virtual cockpits and panels so smooth, efficient and life-like that there is
simply no need for the old style ‘2D panels’.
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We give you options in our various views to focus in on a ‘fixed’ 3D view just like
the traditional panels used to appear in flight simulator. But the difference is that
our 3D panels are sharper, clearer and run more smoothly than any of the older
style panels, thus making ‘2D panels’ in our aircraft entirely redundant.
If you are new to this concept we urge you to compare and see the difference!
Not only can you pan, zoom and position yourself wherever you choose, but you
can also cycle through many view options, some of which are ‘fixed’ views that
enable you to concentrate on the task in hand. For more information see the Views
sections of this guide.
The Legacy’s gauges are all created as 3D objects with animated parts, in exactly
the same way a 3D modeller would create a retractable undercarriage, aileron
or flap for a FSX aircraft. This means that the gauges are not only truly three
dimensional, but the needle movement is tied in to your core flight simulator frame
rate to give the smoothest gauge animation possible. For example, if you are able
to run FSX at 30 frames per second then your gauges will update at 30 fps. If
you can run FSX at 90fps then the gauges will also update at 90fps. In effect this
means the gauge animations appear completely smooth.
By contrast the gauges in older virtual cockpits are made as two dimensional
gauges which are then applied to flat surfaces on the VC panel. Gauges made in
this way are limited to a maximum of 18 fps but in practice they often refresh at an
even lower rate than that, so they tend to appear jerky in their movement.
VIEWS
NAVIGATING YOUR WAY AROUND THE PANEL
There are a number of methods by which you can zoom in on a portion of the
panel in order to see more detail. The first and most obvious is to use the standard
pan and zoom keys in FSX, but that is not always the quickest or easiest approach.
In the sections below we detail the other navigation methods you can use in our
Legacy.
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The custom throttle and fuel selector view
CUSTOM VC VIEWS
In the Legacy virtual cockpit, there are multiple custom VC views that can be
accessed by pressing the ‘A’ key to cycle between these custom views. For
example when you first load the Legacy, FSX defaults to the main pilot VC view
(left seat). If you wish to jump to the co-pilot’s seat, press the ‘A’ key. This view
is very useful, for example, when making right hand turns on to a final approach,
where the co-pilot has a better view.
For the other views press ‘A’ key yet again, or to reverse the cycle of views, press
‘Shift A’. These focus more closely on a number of fixed views in order to see
various functions, gauges and switches. Every switch or function has at least one
view where you can see and use the relevant control.
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VC VIEW CLICK-SPOTS
The Legacy VC panel features hidden click-spots to make it easy to jump between
the various camera VC views. The image below shows where each click-spot is
located and the legend below this image explains the function of each click-spot.
Left-click to jump to the ‘IFR Main Instruments’ view.
Right-click to jump to the main VC view.
Left-click to jump to the ‘Radios’ view.
Left-click to jump to the ‘Right Seat’ view.
Left-click to jump to the ‘Throttle and VM1000C’ view.
Left-click to jump to the ‘VM1000C Closeup’ view.
DISABLING THE VC VIEW CLICK-SPOTS
If you are a Track-IR user or prefer not to have this feature, it can be disabled via
the Legacy’s Config panel. To do this open the Config Panel, go to the ‘Graphics
Options’ page and select ‘Disable VC-view click-spots’.
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VC VIEW KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
To make navigating the extra VC camera views even easier, you can assign
keyboard shortcuts within FSX. By default two key commands are already set, they
are as follows:
F9: Jump to the main VC view.
F10: Jump to the ‘IFR Main Instruments’ view.
ASSIGNING KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS TO JUMP BETWEEN VC VIEWS
You can add keyboard shortcuts for some of the other Legacy VC views, but it is
necessary to manually add these shortcuts via the FSX control assignment menu.
This is done as follows:
è In
FSX, navigate to ‘Options/Settings/Controls’.
è Click on the ‘Buttons/Keys’ tab.
è In the Assignments box, under the Event heading, scroll down until you see
‘View Camera 5 (Select)’. You need to assign keys to this event plus the four
events below it. Specifically these events are attached to the following Legacy VC
camera views:
View Camera 5 (Select): ‘Radios’ view.
View Camera 6 (Select): ‘Throttle and VM1000C’ view.
View Camera 7 (Select): ‘Right Seat’ view.
View Camera 8 (Select): ‘VM1000C Closeup’ view.
View Camera 9 (Select): ‘2D Panel’ view.
You can assign a keyboard or joystick button shortcut to any of these events by
selecting the event and pressing the ‘New Assignment’ button. We recommend
assigning keyboard numbers 5 through 9 for the events above. That way, when
you press (for example) ‘5’ on your keyboard you’ll jump to the Co-pilot view, and
so on. For additional help on assigning keys read the FSX help documents.
Please Note: These view assignments are global across all aircraft, so any
changes you make here could potentially affect other aircraft in FSX. That is why
we haven’t mapped keyboard shortcuts to these events for you. This is a limitation
of the FSX view system.
Please also note: There is a limited number of events to map views to, so not all
of the Legacy’s camera views can have keyboard shortcuts assigned to them. We
have chosen to map the events above to the most important views for general
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flying. The other views can still be accessed by cycling through the VC views with
the ‘A’ key.
Some information on the unused ‘View Camera x’ events: The FSX view system is
very limited. ‘View Camera 0’ doesn’t work - this appears to be an FSX bug. ‘View
Camera 1’ through to ‘View Camera 4’ are assigned to other views by default, for
example, ‘View camera 4’ is assigned to the exterior top-down view. This left us
with only 5 views to assign to the Legacy’s extra VC views, and we can only work
within the constraints of FSX.
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MOUSE INTERACTION
MOUSE WHEEL
All of the switches, knobs and levers in the Legacy can be controlled by your
mouse wheel.
è Rotate
the mouse wheel forwards to move a switch or lever up, or to rotate a
knob or wheel clockwise.
è Rotate
the mouse wheel aft to move a switch or lever down, or to rotate a knob
or wheel anti-clockwise.
The mouse wheel can be used at all times, no matter which of the mouse
interaction methods you have chosen in the Legacy Config Panel.
CLICK-DRAG MOUSE INTERACTION
By default, all of the instruments in the Legacy’s VC feature a click-drag mouse
interaction technique unique to RealAir’s FSX and P3D aircraft. It works as follows:
For on/off switches: Simply click on the switch as usual.
For rotary adjustment knobs:
For example, the HSI course knob, plus many more:
è To
INCREASE the value: Left-click and drag UP.
è To DECREASE the value: Left-click and drag DOWN.
For rotary knobs with an inner and an outer knob:
For example, the tuning knobs on the nav/com radios.
è To
rotate the INNER KNOB anti-clockwise: LEFT-click and drag UP.
è To rotate the INNER KNOB clockwise: LEFT-click and drag DOWN.
è To
rotate the OUTER KNOB anti-clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag UP.
è To rotate the OUTER KNOB clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag DOWN.
In practice the click-drag method works as follows: To tune the nav or com WHOLE
digits, LEFT click and drag on the knob. To tune the nav or com FRACTION digits,
RIGHT click and drag on the same knob.
This might sounds a little complicated from the above description, but to actually
use you’ll find it quite simple, intuitive, fast and precise. It allows the radios in
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particular to be adjusted in a realistic way. No more searching for invisible mouse
click areas, waiting for the mouse cursor to change. No more clicking on the radio
numbers when in real life you turn a knob to tune the radio. No more waiting for
values to slowly increase — the faster you drag the faster the values change. If you
haven’t tried this mouse interaction in any previous RealAir aircraft, we encourage
you to give it a try.
If you find you are experiencing difficulty adjusting instruments in the VC when the
camera view is moving around due to turbulence or g effects, switch to a different
VC view using the ‘A’ key.
All of the zoomed in views have the camera movement effect turned off to
facilitate easy instrument mouse clicks (see the Views section for detailed
information).
LEFT-CLICK/RIGHT-CLICK MOUSE INTERACTION
Rather than the click-drag method described above, you can choose to use a more
conventional left-click/right-click mouse interaction technique in the VC.
To enable this option, go to the ‘Panel Options’ page of the Legacy Config Panel
and select the appropriate options on the right hand side of the page.
The left-click/right-click mouse interaction method works as follows:
For on/off switches: Simply click on the switch as usual.
For rotary adjustment knobs:
For example, the HSI course knob, plus many more:
è To
INCREASE the value—right click.
è To DECREASE the value—left click.
For knobs with an inner and an outer knob (eg the nav/com tuning knobs), you
need to position the cursor over either the inner or outer knob to affect each knob.
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Click and drag, or use your mouse wheel to move the power levers
MOVING THE ENGINE LEVERS WITH THE MOUSE
To move the throttle, propeller or mixture levers, left-click on the lever you want
to move and drag your mouse up or down while holding the mouse button down.
You can also use your mousewheel - to do this hover the cursor over the lever
you want to move and rotate the mousewheel. Please note if you have a joystick
control set to operate any of these controls, it will often take control of the lever to
a point where the mouse controls cannot be used.
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VC DETAILS
CANOPY
The Canopy can be opened by pressing ‘Shift-E’ or clicking on the canopy handle
which is located between the left and right seat back-rests. If you open the canopy
while moving, or with the engine running you will hear the wind rushing past the
open canopy. If you accelerate from standstill with the canopy open it will gradually
lower as the air pressure pushes it down. If you leave it open in flight it will remain
slightly raised, and will also move up or down in response to g loads.
VC GAUGE SHIMMERING
You may notice a slight ‘shimmering’ on the VC gauges. This is an unwanted byproduct of their high resolution graphics. This can be reduced by increasing antialiasing and anisotropic filtering in your graphics driver control panel. Increasing
these values has a very positive effect on FSX graphics in general, including the
scenery, but it will reduce your framerates. See the ‘Setup Guide - Video card
settings’ section on page 23 of this guide for more information.
VIRTUAL COCKPIT LIGHTING
If the virtual cockpit panel appears too dark you can switch on the lights. To turn
on the panel and gauge back-lighting, click on the ‘Panel Lights’ switch next to the
cockpit lights switch or press ‘Shift-L’.
A feature of the panel and gauge back-lighting in the RealAir Legacy is that it
works at all times, day or night, as it would in real life. In contrast the back-lighting
in most other FSX aircraft only works at night time.
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Instrument back lighting can be dimmed
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GAUGES AND SWITCHES
INFORMATION ON GAUGES AND SWITCHES
Most switches and gauges in the Legacy V2 will be familiar to experienced sim or
real world pilots. However there are some switches and gauges whose functions
aren’t immediately obvious. On the following pages you’ll find information on some
of these gauges and switches:
MISCELLANEOUS
INSTRUMENT LIGHT DIMMER
The brightness of the instrument lights can be adjusted using the dimmer knob
on the VC panel. This knob is located directly above the airspeed indicator. The
dimmer will adjust the brightness of all of the lit gauges - when the ‘panel lights’
switch is on, it will adjust the brightness of the various mechanical gauges, and it
will control the brightness of the various digital and LCD gauges even when the
panel lights switch is off (because those instruments are always lit).
SPOILER CONTROLS
The spoilers are controlled by a simple on/off switch on the main panel. They do
not have a proportional control like you would see in a sailplane or larger aircraft.
For this reason we do not recommend using an analogue controller to operate the
spoilers in the Legacy.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
The circuit breakers are located on the far right of the panel. These are all nonfunctional in FSX, because FSX does not allow functioning circuit breakers.
ALTERNATE AIR
Pulling out this lever will provide an alternate air source for the engine’s induction
system. The alternate air source takes air from within the engine cowling, and is
only used if the normal air source becomes blocked (for example a blocked air
filter). Do not use the alternate air source unless it is absolutely necessary.
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ANNUNCIATORS
MAIN ANNUNCIATOR PANEL
The main annunciator panel in the Legacy is located directly above the radio
stack. The labels are mostly self explanatory. To test that all annunciator lights are
working, press and hold the small grey spring-loaded button in the centre, toward
the bottom of the annunciator. All annunciator lights on each unit should light for as
long as you keep the mouse button held down. The screenshot below shows how
the annunciators will look while the annunciator’s test button is being pressed.
Main annunciator panel, directly above the radio/GPS stack
MASTER WARNING
The Master Warning annunciator is located directly above the airspeed indicator.
It will light whenever one of the red ‘warning’ messages on the main annunciator
panels are lit. It will initially flash for ten seconds before becoming permanently lit.
It will stay on for as long as the warning message it is alerting you to (on the main
annunciator panel) remains lit. You can switch the Master Warning annunciator off
by pressing it with your mouse button, after which it will stay off until such time as
a new warning message lights on the main annunciator panel.
WARNING SOUND
Whenever the master warning annunciator is triggered, you will hear a short beep
alerting you to the problem.
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VM1000C ENGINE MONITOR
ABOUT THE VM1000C
The VM1000C is an all-in-one engine monitor. It is used to monitor all of the
engine, electrical and fuel parameters on a single screen. It replaces all of the
analogue engine and electrical gauges you would normally see in a light aircraft
such as the Legacy.
VM1000C Engine Monitor
STARTUP ANIMATION
When you switch on the master battery the VM1000C comes to life. You’ll need to
wait a few seconds while it runs through its startup routine.
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VM1000C FUNCTIONS EXPLAINED
Manifold Pressure: In the top left you’ll see a manifold pressure indicator. This
includes a bar graph for quick scans and a digital readout for setting the exact
manifold pressure (in Hg).
RPM: In the top right you’ll see the RPM indicator. Like the manifold pressure it
includes a digital readout and a bar graph to aid quick scanning.
EGT: On the second row down on the left is the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT)
readout. It includes a bar graph for each cylinder as well as a digital readout of the
hottest cylinder’s EGT in degrees Fahrenheit. This readout is useful when leaning
the engine at altitude.
TIT: Between the EGT and oil pressure readings, and directly above the OAT
reading, you will see a readout for the Turbine Inlet Temperature. This readout
will only be visible when you have the turbocharged engine option enabled in the
Legacy Config Panel.
Oil Temperature and Pressure: On the second row in the middle you’ll find oil
temperature and pressure with both bar graphs and digital readouts.
Electrical System: On the second row on the right you’ll find a display showing the
electrical system’s voltage and amperage.
CHT: In the bottom left you’ll find the Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) display.
This includes a bar graph for each cylinder as well as a digital readout showing the
hottest cylinder’s temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
Fuel System: On the bottom row in the middle is the fuel system display, showing
both fuel flow in Gallons Per Hour (GPH) on the left and fuel pressure in PSI on the
right.
Fuel Quantity: In the bottom right you’ll find the fuel quantity display, showing the
left fuel tank’s quantity on the left and the right fuel tank’s quantity on the right.
This display reads in gallons
OAT: Finally, nestled between the CHT display and the fuel system display, and
quite easy to miss, is the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) display measured in
degrees Celsius. This value is useful for setting the true airspeed calibration on the
airspeed indicator. It measures in degrees Celsius (rather than Fahrenheit) so it can
be used for this purpose.
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VM1000C WARNING MESSAGES
The real beauty of the VM1000C is that it makes it very hard to not notice when
one of the engine or electrical system readings goes outside safe limits. When this
happens “WARN” flashes at the top of the VM1000C display, the bar graph of the
indicator that has gone outside limits flashes, the master warning annunciator on
the main panel will start flashing, and you will hear an audible warning beep. An
engine reading will need to go outside safe limits for at least a couple of seconds
before it will trigger the master warning light/beep. This is to stop unnecessary
warnings when readings go outside limits for only an instant (this can happen
when throttling up quickly on the turbo engine, for example).
VM1000C Warning Alert
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ANGLE OF ATTACK (AOA) INDICATOR
The AOA indicator, directly to the left of the airspeed indicator
ABOUT THE AOA INDICATOR
Directly to the left of the airspeed indicator is the angle of attack indicator. This
provides a visual representation of the angle of the wings relative to the air that is
flowing past them. This is an extremely useful gauge in that it can tell you, among
other things, how close the wing is to a stall situation no matter how fast you are
flying, how many g you are pulling, or if the flaps are up or down. Most pilots are
used to using airspeed to judge how close the wings are to stalling - but airspeed
will only be a reliable indicator of how close you are to a stall when flying at 1g (ie
straight and level), and at one wing loading. If the aircraft is significantly heavier,
or the aircraft is pulling some g (for example in a turn) then the wings will stall at a
higher airspeed. In contrast, a wing will stall at about the same angle of attack no
matter what the airspeed, weight or g load.
With a little practice the AOA Indicator can be used to replace the airspeed
indicator as the primary indicator for judging the final approach and landing speed.
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USING THE AOA INDICATOR
The green, yellow and red bars give a visual readout of the angle of attack. When
the green, yellow and red bars are visible, it indicates a very safe angle of attack,
when only the yellow and red bars are visible, it indicates the wings are getting
close to the stall angle of attack, and when only the red bars are visible, it indicates
the wings have exceeded the stall angle of attack.
When the flaps are lowered, you will see a green circle in the middle of the AOA
indicator. When the flaps are raised you will only see a black spot.
Below the coloured AOA bars you will see a numerical readout - this indicates AOA
as a percentage - 0 matching the zero lift AOA, and 100 matching the maximum
stall AOA. Below these numbers you will see a horizontal white line when the gear
is down and locked. This white line will disappear when the gear is raised.
Two bars down from the yellow bars you will see a green bar with a small gap in
the middle. This is calibrated to match the ideal approach angle of attack for the
aircraft the gauge is fitted to. To fly an approach using only the AOA indicator,
trim the elevator to maintain the AOA at this value. You will find the airspeed will
be very close to the typical approach airspeed, but the advantage of using the
AOA gauge is that when you turn, or if you are flying at a high weight, or if you
have the flaps up or down, the AOA will be a more reliable indicator of approach
speed. In practice, it is best to maintain a slightly lower AOA on final approach - the
calibrated approach AOA is good for maintaining the minimum approach speed,
ideal for short landings or landings over obstacles, but most of the time it is better
to fly at a slightly lower AOA to give a better view forward and to provide a higher
safety margin in case of engine problems. With a little practice you’ll find you only
use the airspeed indicator on landing to double check that the AOA readings are
correct.
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In the image above, the AOA reading on the left shows a very low, safe angle of
attack (notice the high airspeed). The AOA reading on the right shows the AOA
at the ideal approach angle of attack - notice the small gap in the middle of the
lowest green bar - this indicates that this bar is the calibrated approach angle of
attack. Notice also the black spot in the middle of the gauge - this indicates that
the flaps are up (airspeed is a little high for approach, that is because the flaps are
up). Notice also on the left hand image there is no white line below the numbers
- this indicates the gear is raised. On the right and in the images below there is a
white line visible below the numbers - this indicates the gear is down and locked.
In the image above, the AOA reading on the left shows the angle of attack at the
ideal approach angle, and the green circle is illuminated in the middle of the gauge
indicating that the flaps have been lowered. Notice how much lower the airspeed
is compared to the top right image on this page - that is due to the lowered flaps.
The AOA reading on the right in the image directly above shows the wing is very
close to a stall. Unless you were deliberately trying to stall the wing (to enter a
spin for example) this reading tells you to immediately lower the angle of attack by
pushing forward on the stick and/or increasing power.
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TRUE AIRSPEED CALCULATOR
ABOUT TRUE AIRSPEED
The airspeed indicator needle displays Indicated Airspeed (IAS). Indicated
airspeed is very useful to a pilot when flying an aircraft but cannot be used for
navigation purposes. True Airspeed (TAS) is the speed at which an aircraft is
moving relative to the air that surrounds it. As you gain altitude True Airspeed
becomes much higher than Indicated Airspeed.
USING THE TAS CALCULATOR
The Legacy’s airspeed indicator has a basic True Airspeed calculator. To use it, turn
the black knob at the right of the ASI until the number on the moving white card at
the top matching your altitude is in line with the current Outside Air Temperature
(OAT) directly above it. There is an OAT reading on the VM1000C (see below).
Calculating True Airspeed
The above example shows the white card at the top set to an altitude of “8”,
(meaning 8000 ft) lined up with the “0” on the scale above it (corresponding to
an OAT of 0 deg C). The needle now points to an indicated Airspeed of 220 knots
while the white bordered value shows a True Airspeed of 245 knots.
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STANDARD GPS
USING THE DEFAULT GPS 500
VIRTUAL COCKPIT GPS
By default, at the centre of the Legacy panel is the standard FSX GPS 500
screen placed inside a custom 3D surround, with back-lit 3D knobs and buttons.
Functionally it is exactly the same as the default 2D FSX GPS except the left and
right arrows used to navigate the default FSX 2D GPS have been replaced with the
RealAir click-and-drag mouse control feature as used on all the rotary knobs in the
Legacy VC.
The default GPS 500. The Nav/GPS switch can be seen below the autopilot
2D POPUP GPS
You can access the default 2D FSX GPS by pressing ‘Shift-2’ or by clicking on the
GPS screen in the VC.
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ON/OFF CONTROL
You can switch off the GPS if required by clicking the on/off switch on the left side
of the unit (the small knob marked with a small c).
NAV/GPS
Immediately above the airspeed indicator you will find the NAV/GPS toggle switch.
If this switch is set to ‘Nav’ then the HSI and autopilot will be slaved to the Nav 1
radio. If this switch is set to ‘GPS’ then the HSI and autopilot will be slaved to the
GPS. This switch is only visible when the GPS500 is selected as your GPS.
AUTO CRS
When the HSI is being controlled by the GPS (Nav/GPS switch set to GPS), and
with ‘Auto CRS’ enabled, the HSI course needle will automatically move to the
current GPS course. With ‘Auto CRS’ disabled, the HSI course needle must be
manually set to match the GPS course bearing. The latter is more realistic for an
aircraft like the Legacy.
SHIMMERING
The VC mounted GPS screen can appear to ‘shimmer’. If this gets very annoying
you can switch off the GPS or you can modify the FSX VC view to remove the
momentum effect (head movement). Visit the various FSX user forums for advice.
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MOUSE INTERACTION
LEFT-CLICK/RIGHT-CLICK KNOB OPTION
Place the mouse over the knob you want to move (inner or outer) and then:
è To
rotate the knob anti-clockwise: Right-click.
è To rotate the knob clockwise: Left-click.
CLICK-DRAG MOUSE INTERACTION
As an alternative to the left/right click method, you can choose to navigate the
GPS using our click-drag technique. To select this option, go to the “Panel Options”
page of the Legacy’s Config Panel. This method works as follows:
è To
rotate the INNER KNOB anti-clockwise: LEFT-click and drag UP.
è To rotate the INNER KNOB clockwise: LEFT-click and drag DOWN.
è To
rotate the OUTER KNOB anti-clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag UP.
è To rotate the OUTER KNOB clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag DOWN.
è To
operate the GPS cursor, left-click quickly on the inner knob.
MOUSE WHEEL
You can use the mouse-wheel to rotate the knob, you just need to position the
cursor over either the inner or outer knob to do this. You can also use the mousewheel to rotate the knob in the desired direction.
CURSOR CONTROL
è To
operate the GPS cursor, middle-click on the inner GPS knob or left-click just to
the left of the GPS knob (see image below).
Left-click to operate the GPS crsr control
Middle-click to operate the GPS crsr control
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FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650
ABOUT THE FLIGHT1 GTN
Flight1 Software sell a very realistic recreation of the real world Garmin GTN 750
and GTN 650. These gauges are almost exactly the same to use as their real
world counterparts, and are considerably more capable and more realistic than the
default FSX GPS 500.
If you own either the Flight1 GTN 750 or GTN 650, you can choose to use these
units in place of the standard FSX GPS 500. Integration of the Flight1 GTN units is
all handled by the Legacy V2 Config Panel.
You can install one or two of the same GTN units into the VC panel (2 x GTN 750s
shown)
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FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650
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FLIGHT1 GTN INSTALLATION
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Before setting up the Legacy to use either or both of these gauges, it is important
to understand the following:
è The
Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650 must be bought separately. Neither the
Flight1 GTN 750, nor the Flight1 GTN 650 are included as part of the Legacy V2
package.
è Before
setting up the Legacy V2 to use the Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650,
you must have one or both of these gauges installed in FSX.
è You
need to use the Legacy V2 Config Panel to install the Flight1 GTN gauges
into the Legacy V2. Following this initial setup you can then use the Flight1 GTN
Config program to modify the various GTN settings (more on this below).
è Flight1
sell the GTN 750 and GTN 650 separately. If you buy and install only the
GTN 750, then you can only install the GTN 750 into the Legacy V2. If you buy and
install only the GTN 650, then you can only install the GTN 650 into the Legacy
V2. If you buy both, and install both into FSX, only then can you install both units
into the Legacy V2.
INSTALLING A GTN GAUGE INTO THE LEGACY
1. If you haven’t done so already, install the Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650 into
FSX (see notes in section above), using the installer provided by Flight1.
2. Install the RealAir Legacy V2 (you have probably done this already).
It is not important whether you install the Legacy V2 first or the GTN 750/650 first.
All that matters is they are both installed into FSX.
3. Open the Legacy V2 Config Panel and navigate to the ‘GPS & Radios’ page.
4. Click on the ‘Select GPS’ drop down box and select ‘Flight1 GTN 750’ or ‘Flight1
GTN 650’.
5. You have the option of installing a second GTN gauge either of the same type
or if you own both the GTN 750 and the GTN 650, one of each. Once you have
chosen the first GTN gauge, a drop down box will appear that allows you to select
the second GTN gauge.
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6. Select whether you would like separate nav/com radios installed using the
show/hide nav/com button. Select whether you would like a separate transponder
installed by pressing the show/hide transponder button.
7. To finish configuring your GTN installation, you can rearrange the position of
the GTN gauges as well as the other radios by using the ‘Rearrange Panel Layout’
screen on the right hand side of the GPS & Radios page.
8. Click the Save button (bottom right) and exit the Config Panel. Now when you
load the Legacy V2 in FSX the Flight1 GTN gauges will be configured according to
your selection.
Please Note: The Legacy V2 Config Panel will only allow you to install whichever
Flight1 GTN gauges are currently installed onto your computer.
If you have neither the Flight1 GTN 750 nor the GTN 650 installed into FSX, then
you will not see an option to install either of these gauges.
USING THE FLIGHT1 GTN CONFIG PROGRAM
Once the above steps have been completed the Flight1 GTN gauges will be
installed into your Legacy V2 using default GTN settings. You can either leave
it this way and go fly the Legacy V2, or you can now use the Flight1 GTN config
program to alter the GTN gauge settings to your liking. There are some limitations
- you must use the Legacy V2 Config Panel to select the actual panel layout and
install the gauges into the Legacy V2, and you must use the Flight1 GTN config
program to alter the actual GTN settings. The Flight1 config program can alter such
settings as 2D GTN popup window size and position, which radios each gauge
controls, and so on (see Flight1 GTN documentation for more info).
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USING THE GTN 750/650 IN THE LEGACY
BACK-LIGHTING
The custom 3D knobs and buttons are all backlit. The back-lighting is tied to the
panel lights. To turn the back-lighting on or off, switch the panel lights on or off.
MOUSE INTERACTION
When installed into the Legacy’s 3D panel, these gauges work identically to how
they work when installed into a 2D panel (or pop-up window). The only difference
is the buttons and knobs are modelled in 3D. All of the default click-spots and
mouse interaction methods are retained. For example—left click to turn a knob
anti-clockwise, right click to turn a knob clockwise, and so on. See the documents
accompanying the Flight1 GTN gauges for more information.
2D POP-UP
To see a 2D pop-up of the GTN units, click on the lower left hand edge of the GTN
gauge, press ‘Shift 2’ to open the first GTN gauge, or press ‘Shift-3’ to open the
second GTN gauge (if installed). See the documents accompanying the Flight1
GTN gauges for more information on the exact location of the popup click spots.
NAV/GPS SWITCH
The GTN units take control of the Nav/GPS switch, so with the Flight1 GTN units
installed there is no separate nav/gps switch on the Legacy’s panel, instead
there is a button on the GTN unit to make this selection. See the Flight1 GTN
documentation for more information on how to make this selection.
FLIGHT1 GTN OPTIONS
The Legacy V2 Config Program is only for integrating the Flight1 GTN gauges into
the Legacy V2. For setting various options on the Flight1 GTN gauges themselves,
please use Flight1’s own Config program. For information on how to do this please
view the documentation accompanying your Flight1 GTN gauges.
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AUTO DTK OR MANUAL DTK?
Previous versions of the RealAir Config Panel had an option to select between
‘Auto-DTK’ or ‘Manual DTK’. We chose to remove this option in the new Legacy
Config Panel because it could cause conflict with the ‘Auto-CRS’ setting in Flight1’s
own Config program. To switch between Auto DTK and manual DTK, open the
Flight1 GTN Config program and locate the ‘Auto CRS’ option. For information on
how to do this please view the documentation accompanying your Flight1 GTN
gauges.
SEPARATE NAV/COM RADIOS
You have the option of installing separate nav/com radios to accompany the nav/
com radios built in to the GTN gauges. In real life it is very unlikely that you would
have separate nav/com radios installed alongside the GTN units, but we chose to
provide this option because many people find the separate nav/com radios to be
quicker and easier to tune.
SEPARATE TRANSPONDER
You also have the option of installing a separate transponder radio to accompany
the transponder radios built in to the GTN gauges. In real life it is very unlikely
that you would have a separate transponder radio installed alongside the GTN
units, but we chose to provide this option because many people find the separate
transponder to be quicker and easier to tune.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE AUDIO PANEL?
The GTN 750 has a dedicated page for controlling all audio functionality, so
the dedicated audio panel is not required. The GTN 650 does not have this
functionality, so the audio panel remains when there is only a GTN 650 installed.
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TROUBLE-SHOOTING
FLIGHT1 GTN VERSION COMPATIBILITY
To avoid potential problems please make sure you are using the most up-to-date
version of the Flight1 GTN gauges currently available (see Flight1 website).
Please visit the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Flight1 GTN Integration’ section on “Flight1 GTN
Integration” on page 123 of this guide for more information on specific F1 GTN
integration problems and their solutions.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation or installation
of the Flight1 GTN 750/650 gauges—you will need to get in touch with Flight1
regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Flight1 GTN/RealAir Legacy
VC integration issues.
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REALITY XP GNS 530/430
ABOUT THE REALITY XP GNS
Reality XP sell a very realistic recreation of the real world Garmin GNS 530 and
GNS 430. These gauges are almost exactly the same to use as their real world
counterparts, and are considerably more capable and more realistic than the
default FSX GPS 500.
If you own the Reality XP GNS 530 or GNS 430, you can choose to use these units
in place of the standard FSX GPS 500. Integration of the Reality XP units is all
handled by the Legacy V2 Config Panel.
Legacy VC panel with a Reality XP GNS 530 and GNS 430 installed
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REALITY XP GNS INSTALLATION
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Before setting up the Legacy to use either or both of these gauges, it is important
to understand the following:
è The
Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430 must be bought separately. Neither
the Reality XP GNS 530, nor the Reality XP GNS 430 are included as part of the
Legacy package.
è Before
setting up the Legacy to use the Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430,
you must have one or both of these gauges installed in FSX.
è We
recommend using the Legacy Config Panel to install the RXP gauges into
the Legacy. Following this initial setup you can then use the RXP Configurator to
modify the various RXP settings.
è Reality
XP sell the GNS 530 and GNS 430 separately. If you buy and install only
the 530, then you can only install the 530 into the Legacy. If you buy and install
only the 430, then you can only install the 430 into the Legacy. If you buy both, and
install both into FSX, only then can you install both units into the Legacy.
è You
can only use two of the same GNS units on one panel if you have purchased
the RXP Unlimited pack. If you don’t have this pack then you can only have one
530, one 430 or one 530 plus one 430.
è Cross-fill
is only available if you have purchased and installed the RXP Unlimited
pack. This is because the RXP gauges only support cross-fill with the unlimited
pack installed, which is something we at RealAir have no control over.
INSTALLING A REALITY XP GNS GAUGE INTO THE LEGACY
1. If you haven’t done so already, install the Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430
into FSX (see notes in section above), using the installer provided by Reality XP.
2. Install the RealAir Legacy V2 (you have probably done this already).
Please note: It is not important whether you install the Legacy V2 first or the GNS
530/430 first. All that matters is they are both installed into FSX.
3. Open the Legacy V2 Config Panel and navigate to the ‘GPS & Radios’ page.
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4. Click on the ‘Select GPS’ drop down box and select ‘Reality XP GNS 530’ or
‘Reality XP GNS 430’.
5. If you own both the RXP GNS 530 and GNS 430, or if you own the RXP
Unlimited pack, you will have the option of installing a second RXP GNS gauge.
Choose this second GNS by clicking on the ‘Select GPS 2’ drop down box.
6. Select whether you would like separate nav/com radios installed using the
show/hide nav/com button.
7. To finish configuring your GNS installation, you can rearrange the position of
the GNS gauges as well as the other radios by using the ‘Rearrange Panel Layout’
screen on the right of the GPS & Radios page.
8. Click the Save button (bottom right) and exit the Config Panel. Now when you
load the Legacy V2 in FSX the Reality XP gauges will be configured according to
your selection.
Please Note: The Legacy Config Panel will only allow you to install whichever RXP
GNS gauges are currently installed onto your computer.
If you have neither the Reality XP GNS 530 nor GNS 430 installed into FSX, then
you will not see an option to install these gauges.
USING THE RXP CONFIGURATOR
Once the above steps have been completed the RXP gauges will be installed into
your Legacy V2 using various default RXP settings. You can either leave it this way
and go fly the Legacy, or you can now use the RXP configurator to alter the GNS
gauge settings to your liking. There are some limitations - you must use the Legacy
V2 Config Panel to select the actual panel layout and install the gauges into the
Legacy, and you must use the RXP Configurator to alter the actual RXP settings
(whether to have audible warnings, etc etc).
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USING THE RXP GNS GAUGES IN THE LEGACY
BACK-LIGHTING
panel lights. To turn the back-lighting on or off, switch the panel lights on or off.
MOUSE INTERACTION
When installed into the Legacy’s 3D panel, these gauges work identically to how
they work when installed into a 2D panel (or pop-up window). The only difference
is the buttons and knobs are modelled in 3D. All of the default click-spots and
mouse interaction methods are retained. For example—left click to turn a knob
anti-clockwise, right click to turn a knob clockwise, middle click to enable the
cursor, etc etc. See the documents accompanying the Reality XP GNS 530/430 for
more information.
You may notice when using the VC-mounted GNS gauges that the custom Reality
XP cursors flash when you move the cursor. This is normal and is related to the
way FSX renders the cursors on the VC panel.
We’ve found the screens look best on the VC panel with the brightness turned
down slightly.
2D POP-UP
To see a 2D pop-up of the GNS units, click on the GNS screen or press ‘Shift 2’.
panel lights.
NAV/GPS SWITCH
The GNS units take control of the Nav/GPS switch, so with the Reality XP GNS
units installed there is no separate nav/gps switch on the Legacy’s panel, instead
there is a button on the GNS unit itself to make this selection. See the Reality XP
GNS documentation for more information on how to slave the panel avionics to the
GNS or nav radios.
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RXP GNS OPTIONS
The Legacy V2 Config Program is only for integrating the RXP gauges into the
Legacy V2. For setting various options on the RXP GNS gauges themselves,
please use Reality XP’s own Configurator program. For information on how to do
this please view the documentation accompanying your RXP GNS gauges.
AUTO DTK OR MANUAL DTK?
Previous versions of the RealAir Config Panel had an option to select between
‘Auto-DTK’ or ‘Manual DTK’. We chose to remove this option in the new Legacy
Config Panel because it could conflict with the ‘Auto-CRS’ setting in Reality XP’s
own Configurator program. To switch between Auto DTK and manual DTK, open
the RXP Config program and locate the ‘Auto CRS’ option. For information on how
to do this please view the documentation accompanying your RXP GNS gauges.
CROSS-FILL
Previous versions of the RealAir Config Panel had an option to set GNS crossfill settings for owners of the RXP Unlimited pack. This doubled-up on a setting
that can be made using RXP’s own Config program, so we chose to remove this
option from the Legacy V2 Config program. To set cross-fill, please use the RXP
Config program. For information on how to do this please view the documentation
accompanying your RXP GNS gauges.
SEPARATE NAV/COM RADIOS
You have the option of installing separate nav/com radios to accompany the nav/
com radios built in to the GNS gauges. In real life it is very unlikely that you would
have separate nav/com radios installed alongside the GNS units, but we chose to
provide this option because many people find the separate nav/com radios to be
quicker and easier to tune.
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TROUBLE-SHOOTING
REALITY XP GNS VERSION COMPATIBILITY
To avoid potential problems please make sure you are using the most up-to-date
version of the Reality XP gauges currently available. Older versions of the gauge
can cause some minor, and some major issues.
FSX VERSION COMPATIBILITY
The Reality XP GNS gauges require either FSX SP2, or FSX Acceleration to be
installed to work properly with the Legacy V2.
The RXP gauges will not work with FSX Steam Edition.
Please visit the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Reality XP Integration’ section on page 123
of this guide for more information on specific RXP integration problems and their
solutions.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation of the Reality
XP GNS 530/430—you will need to get in touch with Reality XP regarding
these matters. We can only offer support on Reality XP GNS/RealAir Legacy VC
integration issues.
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OXYGEN AND HYPOXIA
HYPOXIA
ABOUT HYPOXIA
As you gain altitude the air gets thinner, making it harder and harder to breathe.
Above a certain altitude the air will become too thin to provide your body with
enough oxygen to function properly. If you continue to fly above this altitude
without supplemental oxygen, you will gradually succumb to the effects of oxygen
starvation, also known as ‘hypoxia’.
The effects of hypoxia are subtle at first and resemble the effects of mild alcohol
intoxication. As it gets worse, you start to lose muscle coordination and your field
of vision narrows. One of the most dangerous aspects of hypoxia is that you lose
your critical faculties, so you may not be aware of how much danger you are in. If
corrective action isn’t taken and your body continues to be starved of oxygen, you
will gradually lose consciousness altogether. You may become unable to safely
control the aircraft before you completely lose consciousness.
HYPOXIA VS ALTITUDE
The time it takes before you can no longer fly the aircraft as a result of oxygen
starvation reduces as altitude increases. Without supplemental oxygen at 15,000ft,
a fit young pilot will take around thirty minutes or more to lose the ability to control
the aircraft, while at 35,000ft the same pilot will only take about 30 to 60 seconds
to lose control of the aircraft.
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TIME OF USEFUL CONSCIOUSNESS
Time of useful consciousness is defined as the amount of time an individual is able
to perform flying duties efficiently in an environment of inadequate oxygen supply.
It is the period of time from the interruption of the oxygen supply or exposure
to an oxygen-poor environment to the time when useful function is lost, and the
individual is no longer capable of taking proper corrective and protective action. It
is not the time to total unconsciousness.
These times have been established from observations over a period of years and
are for an individual at rest. It is important to note that these times are for a fit,
young person. As fitness reduces and age increases, these times will be reduced.
ALTITUDE
TIME OF USEFUL CONSCIOUSNESS
15,000 FT MSL
30 MINUTES OR MORE
18,000 FT MSL
20 TO 30 MINUTES
22,000 FT MSL
5 TO 10 MINUTES
25,000 FT MSL
3 TO 6 MINUTES
28,000 FT MSL
2.5 TO 3 MINUTES
30,000 FT MSL
1 TO 3 MINUTES
35,000 FT MSL
30 TO 60 SECONDS
Time of Useful Consciousness table
HYPOXIA SIMULATION IN THE LEGACY V2
We have simulated the effects of hypoxia in the Legacy V2. When you fly at an
altitude where the air is too thin to provide an adequate oxygen supply to your
virtual lungs, and you have supplemental oxygen switched off, you will hear a
heavy breathing sound as your virtual self struggles to breathe. This will be quite
subtle at first but as you continue to climb the heavy breathing will get louder and
louder. If you ignore this warning sign, your vision will gradually darken and you
will find it harder and harder to control the aircraft. If you continue to ignore these
signs, the heavy breathing will get even louder, your vision will go completely black
and you will completely lose the ability to control the aircraft. When this happens
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your virtual self has lost consciousness and there is no way to regain control of
the aircraft - you have passed the point of no return and a serious crash is now
inevitable.
This being a simulation, the results of course aren’t too bad - to regain control of
the aircraft all you need to do is reload the Legacy V2 and your virtual self will be
completely healed.
The time it takes to get to the point where you can longer control the Legacy will
approximately match the times given in the ‘Time of useful Consciousness’ table
above. It is important to note that these times are meant as a guide only, there
are many factors that will affect how long it takes to lose consciousness, but
generally speaking you should find the times above are quite close to what you
will experience in the Legacy V2.
HYPOXIA AND PILOT FITNESS
In the Legacy V2 Config Panel, on the ‘Oxygen’ page, you will find a slider marked
‘pilot fitness’. This will affect the altitude at which your virtual self will start to
succumb to the effects of hypoxia.
When this slider is set to ‘fit’, the time it takes to lose control of the Legacy at any
given altitude will approximately match the times given in the ‘Time of Useful
Consciousness’ table. At this setting the Legacy’s virtual pilot can safely fly up to
approximately 12,500 ft before he has difficulty breathing.
When this slider is set to ‘very unfit’, your virtual pilot will respond as though he is
approximately 4,000 ft higher than he is - so he will start to find it hard to breathe
at only 8,500 ft.
As an example, if your ‘very unfit’ pilot was flying at 18,000 ft, it will take him the
same time to lose control as the time given for 22,000 ft in the ‘Time of Useful
Consciousness’ table above. So using the table above - a ‘fit’ pilot will take 20 to
30 minutes to lose control at 18,000 ft, while a ‘very unfit’ pilot will take only 5 to 10
minutes to lose control at 18,000 ft.
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OXYGEN SYSTEM
ABOUT THE OXYGEN SYSTEM
The Legacy V2 includes a supplemental oxygen system to allow you to fly at high
altitudes without succumbing to hypoxia. It is a very simple system comprising an
oxygen tank that is filled prior to flight, with the oxygen delivered via an oxygen
mask.
OXYGEN SYSTEM GAUGE
On the far right hand side of the panel you will see the oxygen gauge. In the middle
is a large white switch - this turns the oxygen supply on or off. On the left of the
gauge is a column of green lights - these give a visual reading of the oxygen tank
quantity (see image below).
On the right hand side of the gauge are two warning lights - at the top is an amber
light that lights when you are above 12,500 ft - this is considered the altitude above
which oxygen is essential. At the bottom is a red light that indicates a fault in the
oxygen system - this light should remain off at all times unless there is a fault in the
system.
Please note - there is no light on the oxygen gauge to tell you whether or not the
oxygen system is switched on. However there is an annunciator light on the main
annunciator panel that lights when the oxygen system is on (see section below).
Oxygen gauge quantity lights
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OXYGEN ANNUNCIATORS
There are three lights on the main annunciator panel relating to the oxygen system:
The oxygen system annunciators
Oxygen Reqd. Short for ‘oxygen required’ - this annunciator lights whenever you
fly above 12,500 ft pressure altitude with the oxygen system switched off. If this
warning lights, it will trigger the master warning annunciator and you will hear
the master warning alarm. Switching the oxygen system on or descending below
12,500 ft pressure altitude will turn this warning light off. Note - ‘pressure altitude’ is
not necessarily the same as indicated altitude.
Oxygen Qty. Short for ‘oxygen quantity’ - this annunciator lights in amber when the
oxygen tank quantity is low, and turns red when the oxygen tank is empty. When it
turns red, the master warning will illuminate and you will hear the master warning
alarm.
Oxygen On. This annunciator will light in a green colour whenever you switch on
the oxygen system. If the oxygen system is still on when you switch off the engine
on the ground, then this annunciator will light in an amber colour, warning you that
the oxygen system needs to be switched off prior to exiting the aircraft.
USING THE OXYGEN SYSTEM
Using the oxygen system is tremendously easy - simply switch the oxygen system
on when flying at altitude. If you have the ‘pilot fitness’ slider set to ‘fit’ or above,
you don’t need to switch the oxygen on until you see the ‘oxygen reqd’ annunciator
at about 12,000ft or above. If you have the slider set to anywhere less than ‘fit’ then
you will need to turn on oxygen before this altitude. As a rule of thumb, if you turn
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oxygen on whenever you are flying above 8,000ft that will ensure your virtual pilot
always has the oxygen he needs. The heavy breathing sound is another indicator
that you need to switch the oxygen on - if at any time you hear the heavy breathing
sound it means your virtual pilot is struggling for air and the oxygen system needs
to be turned on.
AVOIDING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS DUE TO HYPOXIA
If you ignore the various warning signs while flying at altitude you will start to feel
the effects of hypoxia. This will start with the screen subtly darkening. When it gets
to a severe state the screen will darken, then lighten (as if you were getting drowsy
and starting to fall asleep). The controls will start to move around and when you do
apply a control input the aircraft will become increasingly difficult to control. You
will also hear the heavy breathing sounds get louder. When you start to see, hear
and feel these effects, it means your state of hypoxia has become severe. If you
take immediate action by switching on the oxygen supply or rapidly descending
to a safe altitude you may be able recover and continue flying, but it all depends
on how bad you have let things get and how quickly you take corrective action.
Usually if things get to this point you won’t be able to recover by descending,
because your condition will continue to worsen until such time as you get below a
safe altitude, and you probably don’t have enough time for that - you will probably
completely lose consciousness before arriving at a safe altitude. If instead of
descending you switch on the oxygen supply then you will most likely regain
control, but you will need to wait a short period for the oxygen to get into your
system before you completely recover.
In our simulation, a totally black screen in VC view indicates you have lost
consciousness, at which point all you can do to avoid a crash is reload the Legacy.
To avoid a loss of consciousness, the trick is simply to take corrective action before
things get too bad, so basically turn on the oxygen early, or if you have run out of
oxygen, descend as soon and rapidly as possible. The turbocharged version of
the Legacy can fly as high as 35,000ft, and at that altitude if the oxygen system
fails or runs out, you have only seconds to initiate an emergency descent. If in this
situation you don’t descend immediately and rapidly, there is a very real chance
you won’t have enough time to get to a safe altitude.
If you never want to have to deal with the effects of hypoxia in the Legacy, then
you can simply disable the hypoxia simulation (see section below).
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OXYGEN SYSTEM OPTIONS
HYPOXIA SIMULATION
This setting will enable or disable the hypoxia simulation. When enabled you will
need to manage your oxygen supply to avoid loss of consciousness (see pages
above), and when set to disabled you will never have to think about your oxygen
supply - you will be able to fly as high as you like for as long as you like with no ill
effects (as is the case in most simulator aircraft).
PILOT FITNESS SLIDER
This slider adjusts how high and for how long your virtual pilot can fly before
suffering from oxygen starvation (hypoxia). For detailed information on this setting
please see the ‘Pilot Fitness’ section on page 84 above.
Please note: this option will only be available when ‘Hypoxia Simulation’ (see
above) is enabled.
HEAVY BREATHING
This setting will enable or disable the heavy breathing sounds heard when flying at
altitude with the oxygen system switched off. When set to ‘disabled’, you will never
hear the heavy breathing sounds under any circumstances.
Please note: this option will only be available when ‘Hypoxia Simulation’ (see
above) is enabled.
OXYGEN SWITCH ON LOAD
This will set the state the oxygen switch is in whenever the Legacy is loaded.
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OXYGEN TANK SIZE
This setting sets the size of the oxygen tank, which affects how long you can
fly with the oxygen system switched on. The rate at which oxygen is consumed
depends on the altitude at which you are flying, so the time that each tank lasts will
also depend on the altitude at which you are flying.
ALTITUDE
SMALL TANK
MEDIUM TANK
LARGE TANK
5,000 FT
6 HOURS
15 HOURS
78 HOURS
10,000 FT
4 HOURS
10 HOURS
48 HOURS
15,000 FT
2 HOURS
5 HOURS
26 HOURS
20,000 FT
65 MINS
2.7 HOURS
14 HOURS
25,000 FT
50 MINS
2 HOURS
10 HOURS
Oxygen tank duration vs altitude (approximate)
Small Tank. The small tank size simulates the very small oxygen tanks often seen
in two place kit aircraft such as the Legacy. When using the small tank you need
to manage the oxygen supply carefully, and be sure to monitor the tank quantity
when flying at higher altitudes. If the tank does run out, you will need to descend
very quickly to avoid the effects of hypoxia (see sections above).
Medium Tank. The medium tank has been sized so that you still need to monitor
the oxygen supply on longer flights, but you don’t need to spend as much
attention to it as you would with the small tank.
Large Tank. This tank is similar to the tank you would see fitted to an aircraft such
as the Cirrus SR22 - that is to say unusually large for an aircraft of the Legacy’s
size. Use this tank if you want to use the oxygen system but don’t want to
experience the bother of running out of oxygen on a long flight. With this tank you
effectively never have to think about oxygen quantity because your fuel tanks will
be empty well before the large oxygen tank is empty.
REFILLING THE OXYGEN TANK
The oxygen tank quantity is not saved between flights, so to refill the oxygen tank,
simply reload the Legacy and it will be back to 100% capacity.
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ABOUT THE TURBO ENGINE
Included in the Legacy V2 package is an optional turbocharged engine. This
variant is based on the competition/racer versions of the Legacy seen at places
like the Reno Air Races. Some of these variants carry turboprop engines, while
others have turbocharged piston engines. Our variant is a turbocharged piston
engine producing over 400 hp and on full power can produce a remarkable 300+
knots cruise at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate now far exceeds the normally
SWITCHING BETWEEN TURBO AND NATURALLY ASPIRATED
If you wish to fly either the normal or turbo variant this option is available via the
Legacy config panel. If chosen, the option applies the turbocharged engine to all
liveries within the package, including the additional liveries we have now included,
so the turbo variant is not dependent on an given livery. To change the engine
power, simply pause the simulator, open the config panel and enable or disable
the turbo option, then quickly reload the Legacy using the standard FSX key “Aircraft(reload)” or the P3D equivalent - “Reload Vehicle”. There is no need to exit
the sim and the operation can be done in seconds, even while you are flying the
Legacy. There is also no need to load another type of aircraft. Simply reload and
the change is instant.
MANAGING POWER
When flying the turbo variant, care has to be taken when applying power to
prevent overspeed of the manifold pressure limit which is indicated on the
VM1000C engine management display. The maximum manifold pressure for the
turbo engine has been extended to 38.5 inches. It is easy to exceed this limit with
aggressive use of the throttle!
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The turbo engine is capable of over 38” manifold pressure
TURBO LEGACY PERFORMANCE VALUES
The table below shows expected performance values for the turbocharged Legacy
when using full available power at standard temperature and pressure for a given
altitude. Please note that these values are an approximation and it would be rare
to cruise with full available power in the real aircraft. Thus the values indicated
below are a reflection of the maximum performance possible.
ALTITUDE
POWER
RPM
IAS
TAS
SEA LEVEL
38.3” HG
2400 RPM
254 KT IAS
254 KT TAS
5,000 FT
38.3” HG
2400 RPM
254 KT IAS
269 KT TAS
8,000 FT
38.3” HG
2400 RPM
255 KT IAS
283 KT TAS
10,000 FT
38.3” HG
2400 RPM
252 KT IAS
289 KT TAS
12,500 FT
38.3” HG
2400 RPM
255 KT IAS
302 KT TAS
14,500 FT
32.9” HG
2400 RPM
248 KT IAS
303 KT TAS
18,000 FT
32.0” HG
2400 RPM
230 KT IAS
298 KT TAS
Turbo Legacy performance at max power vs altitude
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LANDING LIGHTS
CUSTOM 3D LANDING LIGHTS
ABOUT THE 3D LANDING LIGHTS
The Legacy V2 includes custom 3D modelled landing lights that actually light
the terrain rather than cover the terrain in a white wash (as the default landing
lights do). This method of creating landing lights was first pioneered by Mike
Johnson of Lotus Sim in his wonderful L39 and has since been used by many other
developers.
Custom 3D landing lights
3D LANDING LIGHT BRIGHTNESS
The nature of these lights means they will look brighter or darker depending on
the lightness or darkness of the surface they are shining on. On very dark grey
runways they will look quite dim but on lighter grey runways they will look nice and
bright. If you use a product like REX to set your runway textures we recommend
setting the runways to one of the lighter grey options to really bring out the best in
the Legacy’s landing lights.
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3D LANDING LIGHT LIMITATIONS
With these landing lights it is possible to produce much better and more
atmospheric landing lights overall, but there are some limitations that cannot
be avoided. The biggest limitation occurs in low visibility when the edges of
the textures that produce the landing light become visible when they should be
invisible. This results in big square polygons being visible on the ground in front of
the aircraft when near the ground and in low visibility. We have to stress that this is
a problem that is present in all aircraft with this method of lighting, and it appears
to be an insurmountable limitation of this form of landing light. We have been able
to reduce the severity of this problem to the point where the big square polygons
are only visible at early dusk and late dawn in low visibility (less than 5 miles) - at
all other times the landing lights appear natural. To do this, we needed to set the
landing lights to become visible at a very low height in low visibility, that is to say
the lower the visibility then the lower you need to be to the ground before the
landing lights become visible. In high visibility the lights will become visible at quite
a high altitude. This is not ideal but we believe it is the best compromise possible
given the limitations of FSX in this regard. In real life, if you were flying in very low
visibility the landing lights would only be reflecting the fog back at you, so we
believe this is an acceptable compromise.
DEFAULT LANDING LIGHTS
OPTION TO USE DEFAULT LANDING LIGHTS
In the Legacy V2 Config Panel you will find an option to use the default FSX style
landing lights rather than our custom 3D landing lights. This has mainly been
provided as a solution to disappearing VC click-spots.
Some users of our FSX aircraft have reported experiencing disappearing VC clickspots, which means they aren’t able to click on any of the gauges or controls in
the VC. We and other developers have found that removing custom 3D landing
lights from an aircraft’s 3D model fixes the problem for most users. That is the only
reason we have provided this option in the Legacy V2.
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The Legacy makes for a wonderful touring aircraft
FLYING THE LEGACY
INTRODUCTION
The Legacy is a delight to flying, being fast and stable and relatively easy to fly. It
has a very broad range of abilities - on one hand it is capable of basic aerobatics,
on the other it can be flown purely on instruments with no reference to the outside
world. The following section provides general guidelines and tips for flying the
Legacy through its entire envelope within FSX.
CHECKLISTS
For checklists and performance figures, please see the separate ‘Pilot’s Checklists’
document, accessible via the Legacy Config panel or from within FSX via the pilot’s
kneeboard.
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GENERAL FLYING TIPS
START-UP
To start the Legacy, first apply the parking brakes. Switch on the master battery
and then switch the fuel pump on for a few seconds. The real-world Legacy fuel
pump is extremely loud and though we have somewhat reduced its volume in this
simulation, you might still find it irritating. It was a difficult decision whether to
reduce the volume further but in the interests of authenticity we did leave it at a
reasonably realistic level. Thankfully you can switch off the pump for normal
operation after a few seconds before starting the engine.
Magneto/engine start key on far-left
Check that the mixture control is closed (mixture full rich), the prop control is fully
forward and the throttle set to idle. Place your mouse over the ignition key. A
small “hand” will appear. To start, drag the hand with the left mouse button down
and pull to the right, or if you have a different mouse interaction option set in the
Config Panel, right click to turn the key to the right or left click to turn it to the left.
After cycling through the three magneto positions the starter will engage at full
right position. We have set the starter sequence so the Legacy does not always
guarantee a start first time, just as in the real aircraft. You may have to make two
attempts before firing up the engine, especially if it is cold. IMPORTANT: If you are
starting the engine at an airfield that is significantly higher than sea level, you may
have to lean the mixture by pulling the red mixture lever out a little. This is normal.
In the unlikely event that the engine does not start after repeated manual attempts,
you can use the standard FSX keys to ensure start-up. By default this is “CTR E”.
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TAXI
Once you have started, taxi to your runway using modest amounts of throttle. The
RealAir Legacy comes with two options for ground steering - a “free-castoring”
nosewheel and a nosewheel connected directly to the rudder pedals. This option
is set via the Legacy Config Panel before you start FSX. If you have no rudder
pedals, but you have a twist grip on your joystick, set “free-castoring nosewheel”
to “disabled”. If your rudder pedals include brake pedals then you can optionally
choose to enable the “Free-castoring nosewheel”. This is how it is in the real
Legacy and allows you to steer on the ground by using left or right braking. We
have designed the flight model so that a little burst of throttle will create enough
airflow for the rudder to steer even at quite slow speeds without the use of
differential brakes. Or you can use a combination of rudder and brakes.
DIFFERENTIAL BRAKING TIPS
In long, airliner type of aircraft there is sufficient wheel-base length to make
differential braking quite easy. In smaller GA aircraft where the wheel-base is
extremely small, slight differences in differential braking pressure can lead to the
aircraft squirrelling to the right and left, seemingly out of control. The only way
to fully address this is to reduce overall braking strength, but that results in the
aircraft not stopping quickly enough under ground braking.
A way round this involves one or both of two options: Firstly, you can slightly
reduce the pedal toe brake sensitivity in the calibration menu of FSX. Too much
reduction in sensitivity can lead to milder brakes but that could mean you over-run
the available runway length. Another method is to use the brakes in a different
way. Start by using just a little braking and try to keep absolutely equal pressure
with both feet, then concentrate on adding exactly equal pressure with both feet.
The most sensitive point is half braking strength, where one foot pressing just a
tiny amount more than the other can result in an unequal force which turns the
aircraft sharply. One way to overcome this is to start by applying full brakes, and if
your pedals are correctly calibrated this should result in perfectly equal brake force
on each side.
When using toe brakes it is essential that your calibration is correct on both sides.
To do this perform a windows/control panel/devices or other software calibration
and check that the sliders in the calibration window show both pedals moving
equally for a given movement.
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Your toe braking will improve after a few dedicated practice runs, concentrating on
exactly on even pressure all the way from mild to strong braking.
BEFORE TAKE-OFF
Before take-off, set two notches of flaps, then set your trim to be approximately
33%. This value appears if you have “tooltips” enabled in FSX and you hover
your mouse over the elevator trim gauge (and almost all the other gauges on the
Legacy panel). The trim gauge green indicator will show this value approximately
as illustrated below:
Arrow points to the elevator trim indicator
Depending on fuel and payload, you might have to experiment with this trim
position. We never recommend strictly set trim levels because it is unrealistic to
do so where varying levels of fuel and pilot/baggage loads are selected. Generally
speaking up-trim should be always used for take off.
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TAKE-OFF AND CLIMB
When lined up for take off, slowly increase the throttle until maximum power is
achieved. At sea level you might see the power LED display flash which tells you
that you have exceeded the maximum fuel flow or maximum Manifold Pressure. If
this happens you can very slightly reduce power on take off. Likewise, if you have
set your weather to be hot (above say 85 degrees Fahrenheit) you may see a
temperature warning on your engine instruments. Again, slightly reduce power so
the LED indicator shows safe temperature.
Legacy cockpit during a typical climb
The take-off run is extremely brisk and you can expect to rotate within 14 seconds
from standstill. Lancair recommend rotating at just after 65 knots indicated. Rotate
slowly, as doing so abruptly can result in an immediate stall. For safer take-off you
can opt to rotate at 70-75 knots and this will enable a smoother lift off with little
risk of a stall when fully loaded. After take-off, retract the landing gear and when
at a safe speed select flaps up. Even fully loaded you should expect between
2,000 and 2,200 feet per minute climb rate with full power at sea level and in
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some cases, especially with a lighter fuel or pilot load, you might see a remarkable
2,400 fpm, or if the ambient temperature is very cold. In hotter weather the climb
capability will be reduced.
Keep an eye on your temperatures on the VM1000C engine gauge to the right of
the panel. The LED indicators accurately present all the information you need to
keep the engine at optimum performance.
As you climb you will have to gradually lean the fuel mixture to maintain available
power, but in this simulation we have eliminated the need to pull the red mixture
control level back to the exaggerated amount required by some of the default FSX
piston engined aircraft. To save engine wear you can also reduce the propeller
rpm by slowly pulling the blue prop lever back. Please refer to Flight Simulator’s
learning centre for information about constant speed prop control. The Legacy is
very flexible regarding propeller rpm but the general rule is that prop rpm should
be roughly “squared”, or a similar value to the Manifold Pressure which will also
decrease slowly as you climb.
CRUISE
The Legacy is capable of phenomenal cruise speeds for its class.
310 hp naturally-aspirated engine: With the naturally-aspirated engine fitted,
typically you will see 240 knots true airspeed or more at 8,000 feet and 75%
power.
Note: 75% power does not mean throttling back to a perceived 75%, it refers to
75% of the maximum available sea-level power. Above 2,000 feet the Legacy’s
manifold pressure will gradually decay as you climb, and 75% power is the
approximate power available at the optimum cruising altitude of 8,000 feet with
the throttle lever fully forward. The Legacy’s ceiling is 19,000 ft but for practical
purposes and best economy you can elect to cruise at up to 15,000 ft for better
fuel efficiency. But the optimum cruise height for speed is approximately 8,000 ft.
400 hp turbocharged engine: The turbocharged piston engine on full power can
produce a remarkable 300+ knots cruise at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate
far exceeds the normally aspirated Legacy and the ceiling is beyond the normal
limit of 18,000 ft - although higher than 12,000 ft is of course not recommended
without oxygen! Maximum power can be maintained to a higher altitude thanks to
the turbocharger compensating for the reduced air pressure as altitude increases.
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Typical fast cruise with the 310 hp naturally-aspirated engine
Reducing RPM with the propeller lever: Most single prop aircraft in FSX show a
marked reduction in performance when reducing propeller rpm during the climb
and cruise. While there will be a slight reduction in performance with reduced
rpm, we feel FSX exaggerates these differences. As far as was possible, we have
addressed this issue by reducing the amount by which performance falls off when
selecting lower rpm. In the RealAir Legacy, cruising at a typical 2400 rpm will only
show a few knots difference in speed compared with 2700 rpm, rather than the
default reduction of up to 25% in airspeed.
For more information about typical power settings please refer to the checklists
document.
GENERAL HANDLING
Despite the semi-aerobatic capabilities of the RealAir Legacy, it can also be flown
with very sensitive finesse for the most subtle manoeuvring in the circuit (pattern)
or on long journeys. The stick is very responsive yet very controllable. The roll rate
can be as high as 360 degrees (a full roll) in just over three seconds at a suitable
airspeed, or you can fly in pitch and roll as though the Legacy was a heavier
aircraft, by using small and subtle movement of the stick. The Legacy is, we hope,
our finest aircraft yet in terms of control and aerodynamics.
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SPOILERS
The Lancair Legacy has a very powerful engine with correspondingly high power
to weight ratio, together with a very low drag airframe and wings. This means that
in level flight speed will build very quickly and be quite hard to bleed off when
approaching an airfield for a landing. In order to assist here, the Legacy is fitted
with powerful spoilers to aid deceleration. They are deployed by using the white
spoiler switch on the panel. We recommend you try a few approaches without the
spoilers to experience the slippery nature of the Legacy’s airframe. This quality will
encourage you to plan well ahead when approaching an airfield.
Please Note: The Legacy’s spoilers are designed ONLY to be deployed by using
the panel spoiler switch or by pressing “/” on your keyboard because they should
be 100% open or 100% closed with no increments in between. Thus they should
not be used with a lever if you have one in use for this purpose on other aircraft.
When you use a lever, the spoiler motor sounds won’t match the spoiler movement
at all. If you simply must use a lever to control the spoilers, you can disable the
spoiler motor sounds via the Legacy V2 Config Panel.
Descending with spoilers deployed
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DESCENT AND LANDING
As we have explained above, the Legacy is a low-drag aircraft. This means that
not only can it cruise at high speed, but this also means that it is reluctant to lose
speed even at idle throttle, especially when descending. Add to this the necessity
to prevent shock cooling of the engine as you descend by avoiding idle power,
and it can be quite difficult to descend steeply without the airspeed increasing to
unwanted levels. So your descent to an airfield needs to be planned in advance,
unless of course you “cheat” by using the spoilers! At idle throttle a descent rate
of more than a thousand feet or so per minute will result in unwanted acceleration.
To deploy the spoilers press the spoiler switch on the panel or press the “/” key on
your keyboard and the spoilers will open fully.
Legacy on final approach
It can sometimes be more satisfying to practice approaches without the need to
deploy the spoilers as this helps to build engine and speed management skills.
When approaching an airport you should reduce speed to below 132 knots before
extending the landing gear or using the first flap stage. We recommend you drop
the landing gear as soon as possible when close to an airfield as this will provide
enough drag to prevent unwanted acceleration. With a typical load of say 50% fuel
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and two pilots, gradually add flaps notch by notch until the speed drops to 100-110
knots. With full flaps and gear down you should achieve a 500-600 feet per minute
descent rate with a power settings of around 12-15 inches manifold pressure when
trimmed out. You can shoot a final approach on full flaps as slow as 80-85 knots,
but we recommend you opt for a higher speed of 90 or even 100 knots until very
close to the runway threshold as this gives a better safety margin and also enables
a better view over the nose.
With full flaps and idle power, the Legacy will decelerate quickly so there is no
need to approach low and slow which requires a lot more up trim and restricts your
view.
Aim to be over the threshold at 85 knots, or perhaps less if you are loaded very
lightly, then gently flare and hold the Legacy a couple of feet above the runway
with landing assured before cutting the throttle. Lancair recommends that you do
not abruptly cut the throttle at this point because lift can be lost quite quickly if you
do so. The rudder is powerful enough to keep straight with very small rudder input
and the brakes are powerful enough for rapid deceleration.
Note: For more detailed information about power and propeller settings please
see the section in this document on specifications and performance.
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MANAGING SPEEDS
There is somewhat of a myth that handling high-powered light aircraft is difficult,
or complicated, or requires specialised documents in order to safely operate and
manage these craft. In fact the same broad rules apply as they do to almost any
other light aircraft. Many simulator enthusiasts seem to think that a package is not
complete without hundreds of pages of detailed performance charts. In fact it is
not necessary to possess such documents in order to safely manage the Legacy.
What is required is a careful application of sensible skills relating to all aspects of
flying, engine management and particularly the landing phase in order to avoid
pitfalls like stalling inadvertently or approaching at excessive speed, two of the
most common cause of Legacy accidents.
The most important concept to grasp is that the Legacy’s laminar flow wing
provides the opportunity to go fast almost effortlessly but also can stall in a steep
turn or on approach with little notice. While use of the spoiler/speed brake is not
necessary, it can get you out of trouble when descending steeply. A well managed
descent can also be flown without the spoiler. More important is that the circuit
or pattern airspeeds are critical in order to maintain safe approaches. The four
stage flaps are very useful also in containing runaway speed, but conversely they,
like the spoilers, can quickly reduce airspeed to a critical state without careful
monitoring on the approach.
Comparing the Legacy to a typical single engined GA aircraft like a small Piper
or Cessna, the rule of thumb is that every stage of climb and approach/landing
adds 15-20 knots. Where a C172 might perform a final approach at 70-80 knots,
the Legacy requires nearer 100 knots. Even 110 knots will do no harm unless you
are landing on a short runway, because the powerful flaps bleed off speed very
quickly.
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ENGINE MANAGEMENT
Regarding engine management, similar rules apply to those of a less powerful
aircraft. These basic rules apply as much to the Legacy as any other light aircraft
and the excellent AOPA website has very useful information relevant to the
Legacy:
http://flighttraining.aopa.org/students/solo/skills/engine.html
The crucial thing to understand is the relationship between Manifold Pressure (MP),
RPM and mixture. When increasing power the methodology is as follows:
1. Slightly increase the mixture.
2. Increase RPM (push the prop levers forward).
3. Increase power (raise the MP).
When reducing speed and power, do the above the opposite way round:
1. Reduce Power (lower the MP).
2. Decrease RPM (pull the prop levers back).
3. Adjust the mixture
Doing the above is less stressful on the engine. But other stress on the engines
of both normal and turbo aspirated high performance aircraft concerns overleaning the mixture. The tendency to over-lean mixture in order to gain maximum
power for a given MP setting creates a lot more heat in the engine. If you overlean the turbo variant of our RealAir Legacy V2 you’ll find it can achieve way over
300 knots TAS at high altitudes. This is because FSX and Prepar3D do not model
engine “roughness” when over-leaning. What happens in the sim is that the engine
will keep running then suddenly cut at the over-lean point. If you are seeing 305
knots TAS then it is likely you are over-leaning. This is a controversial subject but
the conventional wisdom is that you should not over-lean but just be a little rich of
maximum lean, or lean-peak - meaning the point at which the EGT or exhaust gas
temperature reaches its peak. This saves engine wear and keeps temperatures
well within limits.
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NAVIGATION
IFR INSTRUMENTS
The RealAir Legacy is fully equipped to fly on autopilot under IFR (Instrument
Flight Rules). In addition to the regular analogue gauges which enable you to
tune to two simultaneous VOR stations, with the primary HSI (Horizontal Situation
Indicator) having a standard course selector and Heading Bug, we include an RMI
(radio magnetic indicator) to tune to ADF stations, and the Legacy comes with an
adapted version of FSX’s Garmin 500 GPS that has some customised aspects to
tuning plus our own lighting scheme.
If you need a close up of the GPS one of the included views zooms it in, or you
can click in the centre of the GPS display and the standard 2D FSX GPS pop up
appears. You can move this display anywhere on the screen or move it to a second
monitor if you have one.
SLAVING AUTOPILOT TO GPS OR VOR
In tandem with the KFC autopilot, which you can slave either to the standard VOR
HSI or the GPS by using the Nav/GPS toggle switch in the upper left part of the
panel, the Legacy will fly smoothly on autopilot and capture VOR stations or ILS
transmitters for lateral and glide slope approaches to airports.
For more details on the operation of the autopilot please see the KFC autopilot
manual included in this package, which can be accessed using the Config Panel.
FURTHER READING
It is beyond the scope of this guide to offer detailed information about basic
navigating procedures and this information is already comprehensively covered
within FSX’s excellent “Learning Center” . There are also many searchable
websites which offer free training and guidance on air navigation.
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AEROBATICS AND FLYING CLOSE TO THE LIMIT
One of the joys of flying aircraft like the Legacy is to take the simple approach of
piloting “by hand” and enjoying the many realistic qualities we have built into this
simulation. RealAir has been a steady campaigner for sim flying to be as close
to the feeling of being in a real aircraft as possible. While autopilot flying can be
satisfying, we have painstakingly designed into this simulation many features that
some sim enthusiasts might be unaware of. We place great emphasis on flying
qualities that some otherwise well designed simulator aircraft lack.
In particular we put a lot of care into flight characteristics and effects which both
reward skilled manual flying but also punish bad habits and poor flying skills.
Our simulations go much further than a bland experience of just taking off, flying
straight and level, then descending and landing. The Legacy is alive with many
features which give excellent feedback and aerodynamic responses to pilot input
that go far beyond the original limitations offered by the core FSX simulator. In
order to achieve this we have built into our aircraft advanced aerodynamic features
that stretches to the limit what is possible in FSX, and we want you to experience
these features to the full.
The Legacy is capable of mild aerobatics
From the moment you start the engine you will see and hear many features that
RealAir Simulations has patiently developed over the years and our Legacy is the
culmination of that effort. You will see and feel an appropriate vibration when the
engine is started and running at idle. You will also experience, in both sound and
movement, appropriate airframe reaction to runway taxiing and engine changes,
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a realistic ground roll sound, canopy opening and closing sounds, perfectly coordinated sounds between interior and exterior engine sounds, and many more
features which will reveal themselves as you become more immersed in flying it.
STALLS AND SPINS
The Legacy does not give much notice of an impending stall. The stall warning,
together with our custom stall-onset buffeting effect, kicks in only a couple of knots
before a full stall, and this is a feature of the real Legacy too. If you see and hear
this effect and wish to avoid a full stall, immediately push the stick forward and you
will lose a couple of hundred feet or so, then recover.
The Legacy is known to have a brisk stall usually accompanied by quite a strong
wing drop. We have simulated this in the RealAir Legacy by programming a marked
drop of the nose when a stall occurs. In many FSX GA aircraft we feel the stall is far
too bland and mild and we have addressed this by a designing into the Legacy’s
aerodynamics a substantial and sudden loss of lift, with the nose dropping quite
dramatically. If you fail to push the stick forward to gain enough airspeed and unstall the wings, but instead continue to hold the stick back, you will likely see a
wing-drop too, and if you still keep the stick fully back, this will likely develop into
an incipient or full spin without any rudder input at all. In this simulation this feature
enhances our previous work in making spins as authentic as possible within the
limitations of FSX. We believe this is the first time a full spin without rudder input
has been achieved in FSX.
There is some controversy among real Legacy pilots as to whether this aircraft is
capable of safely recovering from a full spin, due partly to the pendulum force of
the weight of fuel in the wings and partly due to the design of either the elevator or
rudder. We do not have sufficient information to clarify this but nevertheless we are
keen to provide full spinning capability as we feel this encourages good situational
awareness and the development of safe and skilled flying. Adding rudder in the
direction of rotation will increase the intensity of the spin still more and you will
hear a “woosh” sound as the Legacy yaws and rolls, caused by the side-slipping.
The Legacy will continue spinning for as long as you hold the stick back,
sometimes even when you apply opposite rudder. Usually, only the relaxation of
back pressure or a forward motion of the stick together with opposite rudder will
recover the spin. Please note however that trim position can influence the severity
of the spin and this is an unavoidable limitation of the hard-coded trim functions in
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FSX. If you use a lot of up-trim before stalling then the spin will be slower and even
sometimes turn into a flat spin. For more authentic spinning just gradually pull the
stick back in neutral trim position. This is an unavoidable limitation within FSX.
To recover from a spin, let the nose drop and the Legacy build airspeed before
attempting to gently pull out of the resulting dive. This should result in a fairly
immediate recovery. Pulling the stick back abruptly when recovering from the dive
could result in another spin in either direction.
Spinning the Legacy
TIGHT TURNS
RealAir Simulations has been at the forefront of developing accelerated stalls in
FSX and P3D. In the Legacy you can turn very tightly, pulling enough positive “G”
to temporarily black out. When the Angle of Attack indicator shows the red sector
you are close to a stall. When turning very tightly the accompanying induced drag
will reduce your airspeed even at full power. If the speed continues to drop and
you continue the tightness of the turn you might experience a buffet. To avoid
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stalling or a wing drop, ease the stick forward to lower the angle of attack, keeping
a brief look at the angle of attack indicator. If you continue the turn without
adjusting, you will likely enter a full spin!
Note: With low fuel loads and therefore a lighter aircraft it is less likely that
accelerated stalls will occur, although adding some up trim will increase its
likelihood.
STALL TURNS AND HAMMERHEADS
With practice you can perform perfect stall turns or hammerheads. To do so,
accelerate to between 160 knots and 200 knots then pull up into a full power climb
that is perfectly vertical. You can check this by panning your view over the left or
right wing. Reduce the power. When you decelerate to around 50 knots or below,
kick in the right or left rudder and if you are perfectly vertical you should achieve
a very satisfying hammerhead. You can perform this almost from a standstill by
kicking the rudder at below 30 knots, but you’ll need a burst of power in order
to promote sufficient airstream over the rudder. Our Legacy is programmed to
add airflow over the rudder with power on and this makes a big difference to this
manoeuvre at low speeds.
You can also do tail slides by pulling up in exactly the same way and keep the
Legacy perfectly vertical. As the airspeed reduces to zero, look over the wing and
you’ll see a tail slide followed by the nose dropping and eventually a near vertical
dive is the result. We do not know whether this manoeuvre is recommended by the
manufacturer!
Please note that some hammerhead or stall turns could result in a yaw to the
right even if you have left rudder engaged. This can be due to the engine torque
twisting the Legacy to the right. You can overcome this by kicking the left rudder
earlier in the vertical or by adding power to help rudder authority.
LOOPS
To loop the RealAir Legacy, it is best if you reduce the amount of fuel on-board
to around a half, but with careful engine and aircraft management, the Legacy
will loop fine even fully loaded to max gross weight. After checking your view for
traffic, point the nose slightly down and accelerate to at least 160 knots. Apply
full power and pull the joystick back so you achieve an initial climb of around 4
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positive “G”. The Legacy has a positive G limit of 4.4 G so be careful not to exceed
this. The AOA gauge will help you judge the amount of back pressure to use. As
you lose speed in the climb, slightly reduce the angle of attack by relaxing the stick
to avoid stalling, then when upside down, you can increase the stick pressure. You
should see the horizon appear upside down. Let the nose drop and then gently
pull out of the dive. Your loop is complete.
If you exceed the 4.4 G limit you’ll hear an airframe over-stress sound effect.
You can do many variations on this manoeuvre including immelmans, cuban 8s,
and all manner of other loop-based manoeuvres. The Legacy is so powerful in
terms of power-to-weight ratio it should be effortless in performing a wide range of
aerobatics.
SIDE-SLIP
RealAir Simulations was the first developer to enable side-slipping in FSX, which
by default is not normally capable of achieving this manoeuvre. As long as ten
years ago we found a way to overcome this restriction and we have steadily
refined side-slipping with each successive aircraft release, and the Legacy is the
culmination of our refinement of this feature, which almost all GA aircraft should be
able to achieve. Side-slipping is a very useful way of reducing height very quickly
without commensurate increase in airspeed. It is therefore extremely useful when
approaching airfields too fast and too high, a situation which is likely to happen
given the Legacy’s lack of drag.
To side-slip and lose height quickly, press the right rudder and slip right, while
using some opposing (left) aileron to counteract the yaw. For sideslips in the
opposite direction, reverse the above described procedure. In this way you can
slip the Legacy sideways to the line of the runway, and the drag created by the slip
keeps the airspeed down while at the same time enabling dramatic loss of height.
Conversely you can slip (yaw) to the left and counteract the slip with left aileron.
The Legacy can do either completely smoothly and without fuss. Additionally you
can give short bursts of throttle which will force faster airflow over the rudder for
an even more extreme slip, though we do not recommend you do this except to
demonstrate just how effective the airflow over the fin is.
Side-slipping will trigger a “woosh” wind sound as the airflow collides with the side
of the fuselage.
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Side-slipping the Legacy on final
Please note, side-slipping is not the same thing as “crabbing” when approaching
and landing in a cross wind. In this case the Legacy (and indeed any aircraft) is not
side slipping. It is merely travelling slightly sideways in relation to the ground, not
in relation to the air surrounding it.
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PILOT OPERATING INFORMATION
PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK
The Lancair Legacy, being a kit plane with many different variants, power
capabilities and custom-made attributes has never had an official Pilot Operating
Handbook. On the Lancair manufacturing website there is an “advisory” example
POH which you are free to download for personal use, though we cannot
ourselves publish that document in this package due to copyright. Here is the link
to that document:
http://www.lancair.com/support/docs-legacy/
BASIC CHECKLISTS
We have provided a basic checklist for a typical Legacy, one that is equipped with
the standard 310 hp naturally-aspirated Continental engine. To view this checklist,
click on the link on the Home page of the Legacy Config Panel, or access the
checklist via the pilot’s kneeboard from within FSX.
FURTHER READING
Please see the section on ‘Engine Management’ on page 105 of this guide, as
well as the section on ‘Managing Speeds’ on page 104 of this guide.
If you need further detailed guidance about operating the Legacy there is also
the wonderful Legacy Owners and Builders Organisation (LOBO), which offers
comprehensive advice, including safety guides and statistics, together with very
useful additional info about handling the Legacy. Again, this information is the
copyright of the website and out of respect for their hard work we do not rerepublish this resource here, but of course you are welcome go to the website and
gain more detailed insights into operating the Legacy:
http://www.lancairowners.com/lancair-owner-resources/
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RELOAD AIRCRAFT
HOW TO USE THE RELOAD AIRCRAFT COMMAND
Before we get in to trouble-shooting specific areas, it is worth discussing the FSX
reload aircraft command. There are many times when this command is extremely
useful, for example when you make a change in the Legacy V2 Config Panel while
the Legacy V2 is loaded in FSX, or if the Legacy flaps have failed and you want to
get them working again, or when dealing with certain technical issues.
By default there is no key assigned to the reload aircraft command in FSX, so you
will need to assign one. To do this, follow these steps:
1. In FSX go to ‘Options’ - ‘Settings’ - ‘Controls’, then click on the ‘Buttons/Keys’ tab
at the top of the dialog box.
2. In the ‘Event’ column find ‘Aircraft (reload). Select this event.
3. Now click on ‘New Assignment’.
4. In the dialog that opens, select the key or button command you want and press
‘OK’. Be sure to select an assignment that isn’t already used. If the key assignment
is already used you will see a warning message at the top of the dialog box.
5. Now press ‘OK’ on the ‘Settings- Controls’ dialog and you are finished.
Now whenever you wish to reload the aircraft, simply press the key you assigned
in the steps above.
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SOUND EFFECTS
‘STUCK’ TURBO SOUNDS AFTER SWITCHING VIEWS
Very occasionally you might hear one of the turbo whistle sounds playing when
it shouldn’t be playing. If this happens it is almost always after changing throttle
setting to idle then changing views repeatedly. This appears to be an issue related
to onboard sound devices (as opposed to dedicated sound cards).
The stuck sound will start playing properly as soon as you throttle up or
alternatively you can press ‘Q’ twice (to toggle sound off then on). Either action will
clear the sound glitch immediately.
The best way to avoid these kinds of sound glitches is to use a dedicated sound
card instead of relying on your motherboard’s onboard sound device.
If using a dedicated sound card is not an option, please try the following:
1. In your Windows / Control Panel / Sound settings dialogue, on the ‘Playback’
page make sure that either ‘Speakers’ or ‘Headphones’ are selected.
2. In the Speaker Properties dialog, go to the ‘enhancements’ page (if available).
Make sure that all ‘enhancements’ are disabled.
3. In your Windows / Control Panel / Sound settings dialogue, on the
‘Communications’ page, under the heading ‘When Windows detects
communications activity’, select ‘Do nothing’.
4. In your Fsx.cfg file, make the following setting:
SOUND_LOD=0
This will stop 5.1 channel sound from being used in the sim (which can cause
problems).
5. In FSX, on the Options / Settings / Sound page, under ‘Windows Sound Devices’,
be sure to choose the most reliable sound driver option.
6. If you do experience any engine sound glitches, they will clear as soon as you
either press Q twice, or throttle up.
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CUSTOM SOUNDS STOP WORKING
In very rare circumstances the gauge that triggers the custom sounds can stop
working. When this happens you won’t hear any of the custom sounds. We
found that this only happened when we spent long periods in FSX changing
between aircraft and Legacy liveries while making and testing changes during
the development process. If you do experience this problem, the only solution we
have found is to restart FSX.
For us, this problem never occurred when we loaded up only one or two liveries
and flew around as normal - it only ever happened after long periods testing and
re-testing changes, where we reloaded the aircraft dozens of times and often
more. Even then it was extremely rare.
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GRAPHICS ISSUES
LOW FRAME-RATES
While many sim forums are awash with tweaks and fsx.cfg settings which attempt
to extract every possible performance improvement out of FSX, some of these
tweaks can actually make things worse, or at best offer some improvement
while at the same time increasing the possibilities of a crash, freeze, display
issue or other stability problem that rarely is caused by any loaded aircraft alone.
Running the Legacy with your sliders all at maximum is not recommended until
you have first flown the Legacy on modest or low graphic settings. Thereafter we
recommend that you gradually increase the detail in scenery and other graphical
options until you arrive at a workable compromise.
Many of the Legacy’s flying characteristics rely on a reasonably high and smooth
frame rate of approximately 30 fps in order for the flight model to display at its
best. While 25 fps is adequate for procedural flying (for example navigating under
autopilot) a frame rate much below this will start to affect the fluidity and fidelity of
the aerodynamic responses, together with far less pleasing movement and manual
pilot control input.
Using a modest but reasonably up to date computer, you should be able to easily
achieve 30 frames per second in the Legacy, provided you are not at large,
graphically intensive airports, or are using heavy amounts of road or air traffic.
Higher specified computers should be able to deliver a higher frame rate than this.
VC GAUGE SHIMMERING
You may notice a slight ‘shimmering’ on the VC gauges. This is an unwanted byproduct of their high resolution graphics. This can be reduced by increasing antialiasing and anisotropic filtering in your graphics driver control panel. Increasing
these values has a very positive effect on FSX graphics in general, including the
scenery, but it will reduce your framerates.
See the ‘Setup Guide - Video card settings’ section on page 23 of this guide for
more information.
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SHIMMERING FAINT WHITE LINES, OR TINY GAPS ON THE EDGES OF
SOME PARTS
You may notice what look like very faint white lines, or what can appear to be very
tiny, narrow gaps, on the edges of some 3D parts, and these lines can appear to
‘shimmer’. This can be seen around the edges of the fuel gauges and elevator trim
wheel, and sometimes on the seats and other parts.
Firstly these aren’t actually gaps, and secondly they’re not a result of something
inherently wrong with the 3D model. They are caused by a rendering problem that
we have no control over. In a nutshell, when a polygon is exactly 90 degrees to the
viewpoint you can sometimes see what appears to be a very faint white line on the
edges of that polygon. You can test this by turning off the engine vibrations and
then moving the eyepoint. You can see when a polygon lines up at exactly 90 deg
the white line will appear and you only have to move a tiny bit, and as the polygon
is no longer 90 deg to the camera the line will disappear. This issue is completely
outside of our control and has something to do with the way FSX is rendering
the scene. This problem is much more noticeable in the Legacy V2 compared to
other FSX aircraft because the RealView moving camera vibration effects make
it so your eye can readily notice these lines as they move and vibrate (our vision
has evolved to pick out moving objects), and once you’re conscious of them they
remain obvious.
Higher AA settings make these lines less obvious. Very high AA (16x) makes them
almost invisible, although we don’t recommend very high AA for most users due to
its effect on fps. If you find these lines particularly irritating the best thing to do is
to turn off ‘Ground roll vibration’ and ‘Engine vibration on ground’ by going to the
RealView page of the Legacy V2 Config Panel. This will stop the VC from vibrating
on the ground, which will stop the lines from shimmering and therefore make them
much less obvious.
LONG LOADING TIMES
The RealAir Legacy has very high resolution 3D modelling and textures. Because
of this it is normal to have to wait a short time for the aircraft to first load.
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CONFIG PANEL
CHANGES MADE IN THE CONFIG PANEL ARE NOT SAVED
The Legacy V2 Config Panel will work as described on the vast majority of
computers, but as you can imagine there can be a huge variation between
individual computer systems, individual Windows installations, different versions
of Windows, and individual user account preferences, so occasionally the Config
Panel can encounter problems when attempting to save your desired settings.
If when you make a change in the Legacy Config Panel and press ‘save’, you find
that your settings haven’t been saved when you load the Legacy in FSX, there are
a number of possible causes, many of which are outlined below.
FILE PERMISSIONS AND FILE OWNERSHIP
The most likely problem is that your Windows installation is not allowing the
necessary files to be modified. It is vitally important that all of the files in your
RealAir Legacy installation have their file permissions set to allow changes to be
made, and that Windows will allow the necessary files to be moved, copied and
overwritten. It is also vital that the Legacy’s files do not inherit file permissions from
any of the folders above the file in the file’s directory path.
CONFIG PANEL ERROR MESSAGES
New to the Legacy V2 Config Panel are some basic error messages to help
identify any problems with saving your settings. If there are problems you will see
these error messages almost immediately after you press ‘Save’ in the Legacy V2
Config Panel.
‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your aircraft.cfg
file with your chosen suspension settings: Could not set the specified value.’
The most likely cause of this error message is that the aircraft.cfg file within your
Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes. To fix this
you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This file is
located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2’.
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‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your panel.cfg
file with your chosen GPS settings: Could not set the specified value.’
As above, the most likely cause of this error message is that the panel.cfg file
within your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes.
To fix this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This
file is located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2\Panel’.
‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your options.
xml file with your chosen settings: Error saving XML file.’
As above, the most likely cause of this error message is that the Options.xml file
within your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes.
To fix this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This
file is located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2\Panel\
Config’.
‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your realview.
xml file with your chosen RealView settings: Error saving XML file.’
The most likely cause of this error message is that the RealView.xml file within
your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes. To fix
this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This file is
located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2\Panel\Config’.
SOLVING WINDOWS FILE PERMISSION AND FILE OWNERSHIP PROBLEMS
With the UAC enabled in versions of Windows from Vista or newer (ie Windows
Vista, 7 and 8 at the time of this writing), Windows can be very aggressive in
the way it won’t allow files to be moved or copied. For example, in Windows 7,
by default the ‘Program Files’ (and ‘Program Files x86’ folder in 64bit versions
of Windows 7) have their permissions set to not allow any files contained within
those folders to be modified or moved. For this reason we (and other developers)
recommend installing FSX to a location outside the Program Files folder, for
example ‘C:\FSX’.
If a Windows file permission problem is causing the Legacy Config panel to not
work, the only way to fix this problem is to manually alter file permissions in
Windows (Windows will not grant any programs the necessary permission to make
these changes). You need to set the file properties to allow ‘Full control’, and make
sure that ‘read-only’ is not set. This will guarantee that the Legacy Config Panel
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can make the necessary changes. The fastest way to do this would be to change
permissions in the FSX root folder, and then have Windows set all files and folders
contained within the FSX root folder to inherit those permissions. If done this way,
you’ll not only fix file permission issues with the Legacy Config panel, but you’ll
also avoid any file permission problems you may encounter with other third party
files installed into FSX. Sometimes we have found that this approach doesn’t work
and you need to alter each individual file’s permissions separately. For information
on which files to alter see the ‘Error Messages’ section above.
It is beyond the scope of this guide to show exactly how to change file permissions
because it can vary between versions of Windows and Windows User Account
settings. If you google something along the lines of ‘how to change file
permissions in Windows 7’, you should find plenty of information on how to go
about changing file permissions.
Another potential problem is Windows file ‘ownership’. This is similar to file
permissions but a little different. If the currently active Windows User Account
hasn’t been granted file ‘ownership’ by Windows, it may not be possible to make
changes to the file. Again the best course of action is to do a google search for
instructions on how to change file ownership. For example search ‘how to change
file ownership in Windows 7’.
We are very sorry that there is no easy fix when it comes to granting file
permissions and ownership in Windows, but that is the nature of these particular
Windows security features - only a Windows User with sufficient permission is
capable of changing these settings. This helps stop malicious software from
making unwanted changes to your computer. If at some time in the future you
need to reinstall FSX, installing it to a location outside the Program Files folder
should give you a good chance of avoiding these problems in the future.
REGISTRY PROBLEMS
Another possible problem could arise from incorrect FSX registry settings. When
the Legacy V2 Config Panel attempts to change the necessary files to save your
chosen settings, it reads the Windows registry to locate your FSX installation
directory, and then uses that registry value to locate the files that need changing.
If this registry value is incorrect, the Legacy V2 Config Panel won’t be able to find
the necessary files to make changes to them.
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The Legacy V2 installer (and all RealAir installers) also reads the Windows registry
to automatically detect your FSX installation directory. This means that if, when
you installed the V2 Legacy, the installer automatically and correctly detected your
FSX directory with no further input required, then the chances are that your FSX
registry settings are correct and don’t need repairing. If you had to manually input
your FSX directory into the Legacy V2 installer, there probably is a problem with
your FSX registry settings.
This latest version of the Legacy Config Panel has some extra code compared to
the config panels included with our older aircraft. The Legacy V2 Config Panel will
attempt to verify your FSX directory path registry value and if it thinks it is wrong a
dialog will open asking you for the correct location of FSX. You will only need to do
this once, this new directory path will be saved and used in the future whenever
you open the Legacy V2 Config Panel. This means that even with incorrect FSX
registry values the Legacy V2 Config Panel should still work.
If you suspect there might be an FSX registry problem, it is worth making efforts
to fix it because there is a very good chance that this could cause other problems
in FSX in addition to those relating to the Legacy. For this there are two possible
fixes. The first is to try the ‘repair’ utility in your windows control panel/programs
and features/FSX. The second and more drastic method is to uninstall and then
reinstall FSX. Obviously this is a big job, especially if you have a lot of third party
software installed and is definitely not recommended except as a very last resort!
Please note that the above described fixes are entirely at your own risk.
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FLIGHT1 GTN INTEGRATION
SHIMMERING
The Flight1 GTN screens on the VC panel can exhibit fairly severe ‘shimmering’
when in the main VC view. This is caused by the way anti-aliasing works combined
with the FSX moving camera ‘momentum’ effect. You will notice there is no
shimmering whatsoever in all of the Legacy’s zoomed-in VC views, because they
have the camera momentum effect disabled. You can disable the momentum
effect in the main VC view, but it must be done globally (and therefore will affect all
FSX aircraft). This is done by modifying the VC camera entry in your FSX ‘camera.
cfg’ file. We consider this an advanced technique and we cannot offer help on how
to do it, or support if you do try this mod. If you’d like to try this, we recommend
visiting the various FSX user forums for advice.
OTHER FLIGHT1 GTN PROBLEMS
Because we did not have anything to do with the creation or sale of the Flight1
GTN gauges, we cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation of
the Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650—you will need to get in touch with Flight1
regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Flight1 GTN/RealAir Legacy
VC integration issues.
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REALITY XP GNS INTEGRATION
SHIMMERING
The Reality XP GNS screens on the VC panel can exhibit fairly severe ‘shimmering’
when in the main VC view. This is caused by the way anti-aliasing works combined
with the FSX moving camera ‘momentum’ effect. You will notice there is no
shimmering whatsoever in all of the Legacy’s zoomed-in VC views, because they
have the camera momentum effect disabled. You can disable the momentum
effect in the main VC view, but it must be done globally (and therefore will affect all
FSX aircraft). This is done by modifying the VC camera entry in your FSX ‘camera.
cfg’ file. We consider this an advanced technique and we cannot offer help on how
to do it, or support if you do try this mod. If you’d like to try this, we recommend
visiting the various FSX user forums for advice.
OTHER REALITY XP GNS PROBLEMS
Because we did not have anything to do with the creation or sale of the Reality
XP GNS gauges, we cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation
of the Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430 — you will need to get in touch with
Reality XP regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Reality XP GNS/
RealAir Legacy VC integration issues.
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MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
DISAPPEARING CLICK-SPOTS
If you experience disappearing click-spots which mean you aren’t able to click on
any of the gauges or controls in the VC, we recommend the following:
Firstly—try reducing the detail settings in FSX. One thing we have noticed
speaking with customers who have experienced this problem—the more powerful
the user’s PC, the less likely it is that this problem will occur. Also, the more
stressed your PC is, the more likely this is to occur. Reducing detail settings in FSX
can help to alleviate this problem.
If the above fails to help, disable the Legacy V2’s custom 3D landing lights. To do
this, open the Legacy V2 Config Panel, navigate to the ‘Graphics Options’ page
and select ‘Use default FSX landing lights’. This should cure the problem.
PROBLEMS WITH ANIMATIONS IMMEDIATELY AFTER LOADING
Many of our custom animations use variables that need to be set to a certain
starting value whenever the Legacy is first loaded. Unfortunately FSX will often try
to set these variables to the values that were set when you saved your flight, or
the values that were set from the previous flight, instead of using the values that
were written into the code. In an attempt to overcome this problem we have even
written code that repeatedly sets the starting values for these variables many times
per second for the first few seconds after you load the Legacy, but even then FSX
can occasionally override these values. For example, immediately after loading,
you may very occasionally see the propellers rotating while the engines are off
- this behaviour is caused by the problem described above. Thankfully there is a
simple solution that works almost every time:
All you need to do is use the FSX reload aircraft command immediately after you
first load the Legacy.
This has the effect of setting the various variables to their proper values.
See the Reload Aircraft section above for help on using the reload aircraft
command.
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SUPPORT
We welcome both feedback and support queries via e-mail if you are a bone fide
RealAir Simulations customer.
Please thoroughly check the manuals and documents before contacting us with
a problem. It is highly likely that you will find the answer within this guide or the
other included documents.
If you have a support issue, it is very helpful if you include in your email the
following details:
• Your full name.
• Your order number or keycode.
• Date of order.
• Describe the problem you have encountered as accurately as possible.
We always make efforts to answer queries as quickly as possible, and our average
response time is often within a few hours and very rarely longer than 24 hours.
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CREDITS
The RealAir Legacy Version 2 was created by:
Sean Moloney - 3D modelling, textures, cockpit panels, gauge graphics and
programming, animation and sound programming, document writing and
presentation, installers, testing, website content creation and design, config panel.
Rob Young - Flight aerodynamics, sounds, document writing, testing, and customer
support.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TESTING
Thanks to Ryan Butterworth for his thorough and insightful testing.
CUSTOM SOUND GAUGE
Special thanks to Doug Dawson for his wonderful XML sound gauge.
FLIGHT1 GTN INTEGRATION
Thank you to Jim Rhoads for his valuable assistance with the Flight1 GTN
integration.
MULTIPLAYER GUIDANCE:
Geoff Drayson of www.fsmp.com
Geoff very generously helped us get our Duke V1.2 working well in multiplayer and
shared cockpit. His help with the Duke V1.2 contributed to the knowledge required
to make the Legacy V2 multiplayer compatible.
3D LANDING LIGHTS
Thanks to Jon Blum of Vertical Reality Simulations for divulging the incredible
intricacies of 3D landing lights to the FSX/P3D developer community.
This document written by Rob Young and Sean Moloney, January 2016
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Transcription

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