Electronic Warfare - Accommodation

Transcription

SHEPHARD
SHEPHARD
NEW SECTION FOR 2008
TEST EQUIPMENT
ELECTRONIC WARFARE handbook 2008
Electronic Warfare
Airborne systems
handbook 2008
ground systems
naval systems
Radar systems
A Shephard Press publication
TEST EQUIPMENT
guide to suppliers
QUICK REFERENCE
product guide
The concise global industry guide
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Editor
Peter Donaldson [email protected]
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Electronic Warfare
handbook 2008
3Comment
The editor ponders the spread of defensive EW to, potentially, all military
vehicles and to foot soldiers with the rise of the RF jammer to defeat
remote-controlled IEDs.
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The Shephard Electronic Warfare Handbook is
published annually by The Shephard Press Ltd.
© 2008 The Shephard Press Ltd
Published April 2008
ISSN 1461-6203
4Counter IED needs drive EW market
The EW systems market is estimated at US $23 billion over the next 10
years, a small number considering widening needs and advancing threats.
9 Airborne systems
Outline descriptions and technical data on aircraft self-protection and
ELINT/COMINT systems, listed alphabetically by product designation with
usage key.
45 G
round systems
Concise descriptions and data on self-protection systems for ground
vehicles, listed by product designation and including a usage key.
55 Naval systems
Warship ESM and ECM equipment listed by designation with concise
descriptions and usage key.
69 R
adar systems
Key ground-based, airborne and shipboard radar systems listed by
designation. Ship radar entries are fire control related.
107 T
est equipment
A new section for this year’s edition with details of equipment used to test
EW systems on the flight line, in maintenance facilities and laboratories.
Member of the Periodical Publishers
Association.
Production and DTP by Clear Impressions,
High Wycombe, Bucks, UK.
Printed by Williams Press, Berkshire, UK.
SHEPHARD
The Shephard Press Ltd
268 Bath Road, Slough,
Berkshire, SL1 4DX, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1753 727001
Fax: +44 (0)1753 727002
117 G
uide to suppliers
A worldwide listing of companies in the electronic warfare industry, listed
by company name. Each entry includes website URLs and email addresses,
where available, along with contact names and telephone numbers. The
Product Guide, from page 142, helps narrow your search for a supplier –
divided into air, ground and naval sections, with companies then listed by
product type.
COVER: Flares and vortices from this C-17 combine to form a ‘smoke angel’.
(photo: usaf, sgt russell e cooley iv)
Peter Donaldson « INTRODUCTION
One of our biggest inventions
just became smaller.
The world’s most comprehensive integrated EW Suite for airborne platforms just
WELCOME
W
elcome to the 2008 edition of Shephard’s
Electronic Warfare Handbook. The Ground
Systems specifications section has expanded
this time to incorporate some of the ever-growing
number of bomb jammers on the market, which have
emerged to combat the pernicious threat of Remote
Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs). IEDs
of all kinds are the biggest cause of death, disability and
injury to US and coalition troops in Iraq and are also a
growing threat in Afghanistan. RCIEDs represent a
sub-species that is particularly deadly because they can
be set off from a safe distance by someone with the
luxury of observing the target area and picking the exact
moment to cause maximum damage to their target.
The trigger for the device could be a mobile phone, a
remote control device for a child’s toy or a garage door, a
military or professional specification radio or something
put together from easily and cheaply available electronic
components. The good news is, all of those things can be
jammed by suitable transmitters that can provide a
bubble of protection around a convoy, a foot patrol, an
individual vehicle, a check point or any other valuable
and vulnerable asset. The size of that bubble, other
things being equal, depends on the relative power of the
jammer and the device use to trigger the IED. The more
sophisticated jammers can even leave ‘windows’ in the
jamming to enable friendly communications.
This ‘democratisation’ of communications EW is a
remarkable development in response to a rapidly
evolving and deadly threat. Not so long ago, defensive
EW for platforms as large as main battle tanks was
considered an expensive luxury. Now RCIED jamming
systems are being provided for all sorts of vehicles and
even for individual soldiers. Compared with radar
jammers, for example, capable of defending aircraft or
ships, these are cheap and simple pieces of technology,
but the sheer numbers required in Iraq and Afghanistan
where the IED is the weapon of choice for insurgents and
terrorists means that they will absorb large amounts of
money for the foreseeable future.
This is EW for the close quarter battle using concepts
developed for strike aircraft operations in which support
jamming would be intended to deny an enemy use of the
electromagnetic spectrum with which he could build and
maintain situational awareness and strike back at the
attackers. It is also a success story and has doubtless
saved many lives. Terrorists adapt, of course, and fall
back on unjammable low-tech solutions such as trip
wires, pressure plates and command wires, but these are
either more random in their effects or much riskier to
operate and so are less effective. The RCIED jammer,
therefore, reduces the terrorists’ options.
The other close quarter EW story is less happy. That
is the battle against the RPG and the guided anti-armour
missile. Several systems variously combine millimetre
wave radar, passive infrared and laser sensors with short
range missiles of some kind to destroy incoming
projectiles. This is a particularly demanding technology
as it must be effective against threats but must also
minimise risks to friendly troops and noncombatants in the vicinity. The basic idea, however, is one
that has been used successfully in the close-in defence of
warships for many years. If there’s a lesson in this it is
that all EW is connected.
Peter Donaldson, Editor
[email protected]
became smaller – and smarter. In fact, the CIDAS family is so compact and capable you
can use it on any aircraft, any mission, anywhere. The extremely modular and lightweight
solution allows you to choose any combination of our radar (CIDAS-300), missile and
laser warners and countermeasures dispensing. It will significantly enhance the survivability of your fighter, helicopter or transport aircraft.
SHEPHARD
Electronic Warfare Portfolio
PUBLICATIONS
EVENTS
» DEFENCE HELICOPTER
» FUTURE LAND WARFARE 2008 The magazine for the military and public service helicopter
industry. Six issues per year.
London, UK
» UNMANNED VEHICLES
Dedicated to the unmanned systems industry – platforms,
payloads, missions. Ten issues per year.
12-13 JUNE
www.shephard.co.uk/events
» AIR POWER MIDDLE-EAST 2008
Abu Dhabi, UAE
12-13 OCT
» ELECTRONIC WARFARE 2009
MAY 2009
www.shephard.co.uk/ew
» DIGITAL BATTLESPACE
Munich, Germany
SAAB AVITRONICS
Targeting the global C4ISTAR community. Launch issue will
be published September 2008.
contact
www.saabgroup.com
» ANNUAL HANDBOOKS
The Shephard Press, 268 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 4DX, UK
Electronic Warfare, Digital Battlespace, Night Vision.
Tel: +44 (0)1753 727001 Fax: +44 (0)1753 727002
visit us at www.shephard.co.uk
3
VIEW » Peter Donaldson
Counter IED NEEDS
drive EW market
Is the new money going into the fight against a widespread but low-tech threat, risking long
term neglect of EW development? By Peter Donaldson
A
ccording to respected defence market soothsayers
Forecast International, the world market for EW
systems will be worth an estimated US $23 billion in
development and production contracts over the next
decade. The company’s study entitled ‘The Market for
Electronic Warfare Systems’ predicts that around 35,814
units of leading electronic countermeasures (ECM), radar
warning receivers (RWRs), electronic support measures
(ESM), and other EW systems that make up this analysis
are expected to be produced through 2017. While that might
look like a substantial figure, it averages out at just $2.3
billion per year. That is really rather small compared with
defence budgets in total and in particular that of the US
Joint IED Defeat Office (JIEDDO) which looks set to absorb
up to $4.5 billion in 2008 alone, according to one estimate.
‘The need to counter IEDs has led to a sharp demand
for systems and research designed specifically for that
task,’ said Andrew Dardine, Forecast International senior
aerospace and defense analyst and author of the analysis.
‘The threat from these devices has only grown in size and
sophistication over the past few years. As a result, major
contracts have been awarded to move the effort forward.’
A recent beneficiary of this funding is Mercury
Computer Systems, a subsidiary of Mercury Federal
Systems Inc. In March, the company received a US $2.5
million contract award from the US Army’s CECOM
organisation at Ft Monmouth in New Jersey, for
development and demonstration of a test bed to support
the Joint Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive
Device Electronic Warfare (JCREW) programme. This test
bed will be used by the US Government to develop and test
advanced open-architecture technology for counter-IED
systems development, says the company.
Under this contract, Mercury will provide an opensystems digital signal processing (DSP) architecture and
systems engineering support services both to the US
government and to contractors that use the test bed
facilities. In addition, says Mercury, it will demonstrate a
scalable data acquisition and processing application within
a very dense, size/weight/power (SWaP)-constrained
environment. Mercury will further demonstrate the
X-Midas platform-independent software framework as an
application environment, which is designed to re-use
4
Electronic Warfare Handbook 2008
existing applications from other government and
contractor sources for developing DSP applications.
At the same time, Mercury also announced a related
agreement with ITT Electronic Systems to demonstrate
algorithm component portability for the JCREW test bed
architecture, which is an important element of the R&D
objectives of the program. ‘It is our intention to collaborate
with high-technology companies such as Mercury, to
enable the rapid design and development of affordable
electronic warfare systems for military applications,’
said Pete Steensma, director, advanced concepts and
technology at ITT Electronic Systems. ‘We look forward t
o this relationship and the mutual pursuit of follow-on
opportunities in the electronic warfare market.’
meeting crew objectives
Other defence giants are also benefiting, including
Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems, but they don’t have
this emerging EW market to themselves. On 16 January,
the US Navy picked Northrop Grumman to design, develop
and deliver systems to counter radio controlled IEDs in
both dismounted and mounted versions, which are
elements of the US DoD’s JCREW effort.
‘Our solution demonstrates the inherent capabilities
and flexibility of our software-defined radio technology to
meet CREW objectives,’ said Jerry Agee, corporate vice
president and president of Northrop Grumman Mission
Systems sector. ‘We are committed to the success of CREW
and look forward to working closely with NAVSEA to aid
our country in defeating IEDs.’
Under a one-year, $16 million cost-plus-award-fee
contract from the Naval Sea Systems Command, Northrop
Grumman must rapidly develop and demonstrate flexible
CREW technology and systems that address evolving
threats. The company is contracted to deliver seven
dismounted and seven mounted development model CREW
systems and provide engineering support services, training,
maintenance and repair.
On 17 January, just a day after the announcement of
Northrop Grumman’s NAVSEA contract, BAE Systems in
York, Pennsylvania said that it had received a $7 million
contract modification from the US Army to prepare almost
1,700 Bradley combat vehicles to receive IED jammers.
Under this contract, the company will manufacture and
install the A-kits, which are the assemblies used to mount
the system, onto 1,691 Bradleys. The system to be installed,
the CREW-2 is made by Syracuse Research Corporation
and is designed to counter a wide range of RCIEDs.
With this modification, the contract – originally awarded
in July 2007 from the Army’s TACOM Life-Cycle Management Command for $7 million is now worth $14 million.
The A-kits will be produced at BAE Systems’ York,
Pennsylvania facility with installation being performed at Ft
Bliss, Texas and Ft Stewart, Georgia. Work on the contract
is expected to begin in May 2008 and continue until
September 2009.
Obviously, some of that JIEDDO money is going into
EW systems to jam mobile phone and other RF signals used
to detonate remote controlled IEDs (and probably into
other technologies able to detect their electronic circuitry),
but a large proportion will go into other, non-electronic
defeat mechanisms such as armour. While it is impossible
to argue against any effort to counter the biggest threat to
US, NATO and coalition troops in theatre, the sums involved
put the spend on more traditional EW into perspective and
raised the question of whether the area is actually
suffering significant neglect.
To answer that question would take more space than is
available here, but the worry is more a long term than a
short term one. As an illustration, helicopters that go into
Iraq and Afghanistan now must have good defensive aids
suites if they are to be operationally effective, and for the
most part they are getting them – usually through Urgent
Operational Requirements (UORs) in UK parlance and
equivalent procedures in other nations. The Danes, for
example, rapidly adapted their podded AMASE helicopter
DAS (originally developed in short order for its Apache
» Bomb jammers that block RF signals used to trigger
bombs are saving lives in Iraq and Aghanistan. (us army)
attack helicopters) for its Fennec scouts. The long term
worry is encapsulated in that annual $2.3 billion figure and
the possible diversion of resources that the, admittedly
vital, IED jammers represent.
EW INTEGRATION CAPABILITIES
As helicopters will remain vital to war fighting into the
foreseeable future, money is being allocated to protect
types yet to enter service. In February, Northrop Grumman
announced that it had been selected by the US Naval
Aviation Systems Command for phase two of the APR-39
radar warning receiver (RWR) integration programme for
the Navy’s new CH-53K helicopters.
Under the terms of the $17 million contract, Northrop
Grumman will incorporate all electronic warfare (EW)
integration capabilities of the A(V)2 and B(V)2 versions
of its APR-39 RWR now in production – including EW
controller and integration interfaces to multiple missile and
laser warning sensors – into the existing fleet of CH-53Ks.
The phase two programme also includes the integration
of the APR-39 RWR with Northrop Grumman’s Directional
Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) systems onboard each
of the helicopters.
‘The insertion of new, faster processors into the APR-39
in addition to the massive memory expansion will upgrade
the system and allow programmers to keep up with threat
developments,’ said Greg Schmidt, vice president of radio
frequency combat and information systems programs at
Northrop Grumman’s Aerospace Systems Division. ‘In
addition, the integration of APR-39 and DIRCM will provide
a state-of-the-art solution for warfighters looking to 
5
» Low rate initial production of the EA-18G Growler is
scheduled to run from 2009 to 2012.
protect against electro-optical, infrared, radio frequency
and electronic warfare threats.’ According to the company,
the APR-39 B(V)X upgrade is scheduled for completion and
flight testing in late 2009 or early 2010.
Northrop Grumman says that its DIRCM system
is the only such aircraft protection system currently in
production and is now installed or scheduled for installation
on several hundred military aircraft to protect approximately 40 different large fixed-wing transports and small
rotary-wing platforms from infrared missile attacks. The
system functions by automatically detecting a missile
launch, determining if it is a threat and activating a
high-intensity laser-based countermeasure system to
track and defeat the missile.
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have moved the focus
of defensive EW development into the close quarter battle
on the ground, both against IEDs and other cheap, simple
yet hard–to-counter systems, RPGs in particular. Now there
are several systems under development that purport to be
able to shoot down RPGs and anti-tank guided missiles
even when such weapons are fired from ranges so short
that there is very little time to react. Such systems are vital
to protect vehicles too small to carry thick armour or
others, such as helicopters, which have severe weight
constraints for other, obvious, reasons. This kind of system
has to react instantly and automatically while minimising
risk to friendly troops or non-combatants who happen to
be near the vehicle. This is a tall order and seems to be
stretching the technology – very closely integrated sensors
and effectors controlled by complex software – and most
seem to be encountering difficulties and delays in
development and widespread fielding is still probably a
long way off.
Meanwhile, in the world of EW systems for fast
movers, the suite for the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike
Fighter is moving forward. In September, BAE Systems in
Nashua, New Hampshire, announced that it had completed
acceptance testing for spiral release 2. According to the
company, the system met all contractual requirements
during formal evaluation by Lockheed Martin. This spiral
release provides the capabilities to perform initial
manufacturing system checkouts on F-35 BF-4, the first
full avionics aircraft, scheduled to fly in the first quarter
of 2009, says BAE Systems.
‘Delivery of the first flight-representative electronic
warfare system for F-35 maintains our track record of being
6
on time, on cost, and under weight after 66
months of F-35 system design and development,’
said Dan Gobel, Joint Strike Fighter electronic
warfare vice president for BAE Systems.
The system was delivered to Lockheed Martin
Aeronautics’ Mission Systems Integration
Laboratory in Fort Worth, Texas. It will be used for
integration and then released to the production
floor and installed in an F-35 aircraft.
Big ticket items such as the F-35 suite and the urgent
efforts to get IED jamming systems into service can be
deceptive in that they distract attention from the fact that
governments have long been reluctant to fund expensive
EW development work. A situation, according to Forecast
International, that has driven EW manufacturers to seek
new markets for their technologies, such as missile
protection for civilian airliners.
‘The need to protect civilian airliners and other
non-military aircraft has led many companies to invest
large sums of money into adapting their military infrared
(IR) countermeasures systems to new uses. The scope of
this effort is truly international, with companies such as
Saab, EADS, and Israel’s Rafael taking a strong lead, as well
as BAE systems and Northrop Grumman.’
ITT is proud to join forces with EDO Corporation. Our partnership enhances ITT’s ability to
support our customers’ evolving needs. By combining our mutual strengths, we play an
important role in programs such as the Joint Strike Fighter, the Coast Guard Deepwater
program, and initiatives to counter IEDs. It also brings us a step closer to our ultimate goal.
Bringing warfighters home, safe and sound. To find out more, visit defense.itt.com.
Together with EDO, we’ve got their backs.
And fronts. And sides.
HISTORIC LAIRCM FUNDING
While the prospect of equipping civilian aircraft is far from
certain, the military demand for this technology is more
assured, says Forecast International. Northrop Grumman’s
Large Aircraft IR Countermeasures (LAIRCM) system is
expected to be installed on a growing number of NATO and
US aircraft. The FY08/09 US defense budget features one
of the biggest allotments for LAIRCM development and
procurement in the system’s history.
The Pentagon plans to spend well over $1 billion
through FY13 on procurement of the systems for these
aircraft, declaring that its long-range desire is to equip a
total of 444 aircraft.
Andrew Dardine, Forecast International’s senior
aerospace and defence analyst, believes that the need to
adapt and adopt airborne electronic attack (AEA) systems
will also be a major market driver. ‘Low-rate initial
production of the US Navy’s all-important EA-18G Growler
AEA platform is to run through 2009-2012. Meanwhile,
upgraded EA-6B Prowlers are deploying as fast as they can
be completed. Desperately needing to disrupt and disable
enemy communications on a moment’s notice, the US
Marine Corp has already taken an early lead in the
program, procuring its own fleet of upgraded aircraft.’
In terms of funding, based on a projection of the
current US defense budget, Dardine concludes that the
Navy will likely spend more than $2.3 billion over the next
10 years on R&D for EW technology. Likewise, the Air Force
can be expected to commit some $673.6 million for its own
EW needs – a number that may change dramatically with
the prospect of a possibly renewed B-52 Airborne
Electronic Attack programme, he says. ≥
ITT, the Engineered Blocks logo, and ENGINEERED FOR LIFE
are registered trademarks of ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc.,
and are used under license. ©2008, ITT Corporation.
Communications • Sensing & Surveillance • Space • Advanced Engineering & Integrated Services
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2008
EQUIPMENT
AIRBORNE SYSTEMS
For aircrew, the office is always a busy place. To
carry out their missions successfully they need
every assistance to help understand and deal
with the threat environment. That’s why we
developed the Helicopter Integrated Defensive
Aids System (HIDAS) utilising multi-spectral
sensors and pre-loaded intelligence to produce
comprehensive tactical pictures of the
operating environment.
The system offers optimum self-protection by
rapidly identifying hostile weapon systems
and initiating appropriate tactics and
countermeasures. Radar, laser and missile
warning systems, not to mention a
countermeasures dispensing system, combine
to take the weight off the crew’s shoulders.
Working closely with industry partners we can
integrate the best sensor and countermeasure
technologies available to help those who
routinely go into harm’s way, and get them
home safely after a hard day at the office.
www.selexgalileo.com
The equipment featured in this section is divided into:
±Chaff, flare and decoy systems
±Elint and Comint Systems
±IR Jammers
±Laser warning receivers
±Missile launch detectors and approach warners
±Radio frequency jammers
±Radar warning receivers
±Integrated self-protection systems
Within each section, the systems are listed in alphabetical order
by name or alphanumeric designation.
F u r t h e r o n.
SELEX GALILEO is the single brand identity for
SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems and Galileo Avionica.
While every effort has been made to
provide accurate information, the
publishers cannot be held responsible
for errors or omissions. If you have any
comments, additions or corrections you
would like to be made, please contact
the editor.
AIR » Chaff, flare and decoy systems
CHAFF, FLARE & DECOY
SYSTEMS
ALE-47 AV Family
Advanced Countermeasures Dispensing
System
ACDS computer controlled airborne combat proven system,
with enhanced capabilities for chaff, flare and advanced decoy
dispensing. Functions as a stand alone or integrated with EW
Suit, ACDS includes a wide range of Smart Dispensers. The NVG
Compatible Mini-Control and Display Unit provide display of the
threat direction detected by EW sensors and generates Audio
Warning. The system interfaces with EW warning systems,
Aircraft Avionics and Smart Dispensers of any type. BAE
SYSTEMS Rokar International
Advanced Countermeasures Dispensing
System Pod
The ACDS Pod can be offered in a sub-sonic or super-sonic pod
installation. The system can function both as a stand alone self
protection system with the installation of a MWS in the pod or as
an integrated part of an EW Suit. Directions of dispensing are
easily adjustable on ground. BAE SYSTEMS Rokar International
Advanced Digital Dispensing
System
czs
Computer controlled, threat adaptive countermeasures
dispensing system for use on fast jets, helicopters, transport
and maritime patrol aircraft. Via its cockpit control and display
unit, ADDS can dispense chaff, flare, RF and future types of
expendable payloads. BAE SYSTEMS Rokar International
xz
Countermeasures dispensing system for chaff, flares and
expendable radar jammers such as POET and GEN-X.
Expendables are loaded in multiples of 10 and can be fired
manually or automatically under warning receiver control. BAE
SYSTEMS North America
xz
Chaff/flare dispensing system for fixed-wing aircraft. Comes in
several configurations adapted to different aircraft types.
Contains 30 chaff cartridges or 15 flare cartridges per dispenser.
Loaded weight 60 kg. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALE-45
z
Internally mounted chaff/flare dispensing system for F-15s.
Automatic response to threat notification given by RWR, tail
warning set or pilot. Incorporates programmer assembly, four
dispensing switch assemblies and eight stores magazines. BAE
ALE-47
sxz
Threat adaptive, internally or externally mounted chaff/flare/
expendable jammer dispensing system. Manual operation mode
provides six pre-programmed, cockpit selectable, dispensing
sequence / programmes. Symetrics Industries Inc
10
ALE-50 Towed Decoy System
mz
Acts as a preferential target that lures enemy missiles away by
providing a much larger radar cross-section than the aircraft.
System consists of a launch controller, launcher and towed
decoy. The decoy control/monitor electronics and power supply
are contained in the launch controller. The launcher which holds
the decoy magazine, can be customized to fit any candidate
aircraft. The decoy has a ten year shelf life and is packaged in a
sealed canister which also contains the payout reel. RAYTHEON
Systems Company
ALE-52
z
Chaff and flare dispenser for F-22 fighter aircraft. BAE
z
sxz
Large, internally or pod mounted chaff cutter dispenser. Pod
length 337 cm and diameter 48 cm. Pod empty weight 138.5 kg,
internal unit 36 kg. Pod chaff payload weighs 145 kg, internal
164 kg. Alliant Techsystems
Ariel Towed Radar Decoy
BOL 300-series
Countermeasures
Dispenser
z
Countermeasures dispensing system
designed to fit inside modified LAU-7 missile
launch rails. The original Gas Bottle is
replaced with a front mounted new Gas
Bottle providing cooling for the AIM-9 IR
seeker head. RR-184 Chaff and MJU-52/B IR
payload is stored in plastic frames with each
BOL Dispenser taking 160 packs. Saab
Avitronics
BOL 500-series
Countermeasures
Dispenser
sz
The BOL countermeasures dispenser is now
in production and available for integration
into CRL and LAU-12x family of AMRAAM
and AIM-9X launchers. The BOL 500-series
Dispenser can also be fitted inside Pylons or a purpose built
Conformal Housing to be fitted on the side of Pylons or the
Aircraft fuselage. Saab Avitronics
sx
ALE-55
AN/ALE-43(V)
for laying chaff corridors. Can also be linked to RWR for
aircraft self-protection. Dedicated to chaff. BAE SYSTEMS
North America
ALE-40
The ALE-47AV incorporates the latest in dispenser systems
technology bringing the standard ALE-47 family, to the front of
the modern dispenser systems. ALE-47AV uses information
from EW sensors such as RWR and MWS to determine the
correct response to defeat IR and RF threats. The ALE-47AV
includes a wide range of Smart Dispensers of different types: for
internal, dual and external mounting. Combat proven the
ALE-47AV family is the trusted system of choice for aircraft and
aviator survivability. BAE SYSTEMS Rokar International
Fibre Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) designed for a wide range of
platform types. BAE SYSTEMS North America
z
ALE-38/41
Bulk dispensing systems used by USAF (-38) and USN (41)
ALE-39B
Chaff, flare and decoy systems « AIR
xz
Slaved or autonomous fibre-optic towed deception/repeater
jammer for fast jets or large fixed-wing aircraft. H-J band
frequency coverage. Spherical spatial coverage. Noise, repeater
and advanced countermeasures techniques. Fitted to Tornado
and Typhoon. Technology demonstrator under way with DSTL
for solid state version. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
BOL
z
An advanced electro-mechanical, non-pyrotechnic
countermeasures dispenser with proven superior performance.
It holds 160 chaff/IR packages, up to five times more than
conventional dispensers. Placed out on the wings, vortices will
greatly improve dispersion and provide the rapid blooming rate
essential to breaking radar locks and, in pre-emptive mode, deny
acquisition of IR-seekers. The system is in operational service on
US Navy’s F-14 Tomcat, UK Harrier GR7 and Tornado, USAir
Force’s/Air National Guard’s F-15 Eagle and the Swedish Gripen
fighter.. The system is currently under development for Royal
Australian Air Force’s F/A-18 Hornet and in production for
EF-2000 Typhoon. Countermeasures dispensing system
designed to fit missile launch rails, but conformal version
usually preferred. Saab Avitronics
» USAF F-15E Strike Eagles from the 494th Fighter Squadron
launch chaff and flares while flying toward the Royal Air Force
Holbeach bombing range. (us air force)
xsz
BOP-L Chaff & Flare Cartridges
The new range of lightweight, intelligent and high performance
countermeasures dispensers, specifically designed for
helicopters, where weight and space must be considered,
and for transport aircraft. The BOP-L family of advanced
countermeasures dispensers offers superior system integration
and levels of protection for helicopters and transport aircraft.
Flexible configuration, low weight in conjunction with high
performance makes BOP-L a perfect choice in new and retrofit
installations. Takes NATO 1 x 1 and 2 x 1 inch payloads. Saab
Avitronics
Family of leading edge, visually covert, Special Material Decoys
(SMD) IR countermeasures designed to protect fighter, transport
and helicopter aircraft from MANPADS and air-air IR-guided
missiles. MJU-50/B (1x1x8’) and MJU-51/B (2x1x8’) were
developed under USAF ASTE programme, the MJU-64
developed by the USN, and are compatible with ALE-40, 45, 47,
M130, and any CMDS capable of employing these form factors.
M-211 (1x1x8’) developed under US Army AIRCMM programme for
advanced helicopter protection and use in ALE-40, 45, 47, M130,
and any CMDS capable of employment of 1x1x8’
countermeasures. MJU-49 for all aircraft fitted with ALE-39 or
capable of expending 36mm x 5.8” round decoys. MJU-52/BOL
IR infrared decoys for employment with the SSAB BOL
dispenser. Alloy Surfaces Co Inc (a subsidiary of the
Chemring Group)
BOZ EC (Enhanced Capability)
z
Chaff and flare dispensing system suitable for high-speed
aircraft. Provides aircraft with high capacity and extended
duration countermeasures protection both pre-emptive and
reactive. A chaff and flare dispenser controller (CFDC) is built
into the pod to manage dispenser communication, control and
BIT. Has cocktail capability, ie the possibility to eject different
types of flares in different trajectories in any sequence to
provide protection from advanced IR threats. Achieved by the
integration of forward and sideways firing pyrotechnical
dispensers. Effectiveness equivalent to BOL. Can also feature an
aft sector missile approach warner. Is compatible inertially and
aerodynamically with BOZ pod. Saab Avitronics
BVP-30-26M
z
Chaff/flare dispenser for MiG 29. Comprises two fin root
extension mounted 26 mm magazines with 30 round capacity.
CADS
z
Countermeasures dispensing system for (fast) combat aircraft.
A typical configuration will include one cockpit control unit, one
management unit and dispensing chassis adapted to the aircraft
configuration. Alkan
Chaff & Flare Cartridges
Family of chaff and IR expendables. Including: M-206 – 207
x 25 x 25 mm (0.04 kg) IR decoy flare, MJU-x – 264 x 74 mm
(0.4 kg) IR decoy flare, RR-129/AL – 147 x 36 mm (0.23 kg)
chaff cartridge. 136/AL – 196 x 40 mm (0.09 kg) chaff cartridge,
170/AL – 207 x 25 x 25 mm (0.03 kg) chaff cartridge, 171/AL –
31 m long (19 kg) chaff roll, 179/AL – 19 kg chaff roving bundle
matching any frequency in A-L bands. BAE SYSTEMS
North America
Chaff and Flare
Expendables
xsz
Standard and customer-tailored IR and RF Countermeasures,
including advanced aerodynamic, thrusted and spectral
flares in a variety of formats to counter advanced missile
threats. Compatible with Tracor (now BAE SYSTEMS) AN/
ALE-39, 40, 45, 47 and M130, Alkan, MBDA, Rokar, MES ECDS,
Vinten (Thales), SAAB Avitronics and Russian dispensers.
Proprietary Modular Expendable Block (MEB) is based on need
to increase number of chaff and/or flare salvos. Suits wide
range of digital dispensers. Chemring Countermeasures Ltd, a
member of Chemring Group
11
COMET IR countermeasures pod
zx
Large capacity IR decoy material dispenser designed to provide
up to 30 minutes of continuous protection for combat and
transport aircraft operating at low altitude. The system is
pre-emptive and does not require cueing from warning sensors.
Six canisters in the pod can be driven independently or together
to mimic the engine signature throughout the flight envelope.
Illustrations show Comet fitted to A10 and C130. RAYTHEON
COMPANY
CORAIL
xz
Conformal or pod mounted chaff and flare dispenser. Holds
between 56 and 126 cartridges depending on their size.
Measures 2,616 x 163 x 218 mm, weighs 130 kg. In service on
Mirage F1. MBDA
DM/A-202
sz
Chaff and flare dispenser consisting of a control and display unit
and four launching units (expandable to eight). Each launch unit
includes firing circuits and a removable magazine and may be
installed internally or externally. Normal payload is 108 chaff or
54 flare cartridges. CDU shows cartridges remaining and
includes a dispensing mode selector. DTS Ltda
sxz
Dual Band Spectral Flares Spectral flares from Wallop Defence Systems are designed to
decoy the latest in discriminating dual-band infra-red seeking
missiles and are fully compatible for deployment from Western
dispensers. Operationally-proven, dual band spectral flares
provide helicopter, transport aircraft and fast jets with
unrivalled protection against modern man-portable air defence
system (MANPADS) missile threats. 118 Spectral Flares: DSTL
02 – Cross Section 25 x 25 mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 140 g;
Ejected Weight 85 g; Ejection Velocity 25 to 35 m/sec; Burn
Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers: AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47
Series, M130, VICON 78, MES,Terma, Rokar, Alkan & Saphir.
Typical Aircraft: Lynx, Puma, Sea King, EH101, CH47 Chinook,
Cougar, AH64 Apache, C130, A109, B412. 218 Spectral Flares:
HS2S Mk 1 – Cross Section 25 x 50 mm; Length 205 mm;
Weight 268 g; Ejected Weight 189 g; Ejection Velocity 30 to 60
m/sec; Burn Duration >2.5 sec. Typical Dispensers: AN-ALE 40,
45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON 78, Terma & Alkan. Typical Aircraft:
F16, Harrier GR9, C130, AV8B, Jaguar. DSTL 24 – Cross Section
25x50mm; Length 205mm; Weight 250g; Ejected Weight 171 g;
Ejection Velocity 30-60m/s; Burn Duration >3s. Typical
Dispensers: AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series,M130, VICON 78, Terma
& Alkan. F16, Harrier GR9, C130, AV8B, Jaguar. 36mm Spectral
Flares: HS6S (36S) – Cross Section 36 mm diameter; Length
148 mm; Weight 280 g; Ejected Weight 190 g; Ejection Velocity
20-45m/sec; Burn Duration 3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers:
AN-ALE-39B & 47 Series & VICON 78. Typical Aircraft: A7, EA-6B,
F/A-18, P3, MH-60. Wallop Defence Systems
ECLAIR-M
z
Complementary decoy dispenser to SPIRALE in service on all
versions of Mirage 2000; integrated in drag-chute bay; integrated
with SPIRALE system, quadrupling its flare capacity. MBDA
ELIPS-NG
s
Chaff and flare dispensing system for helicopters and light
aircraft. In service with French and foreign air forces on various
helicopters. Can accept any kind of cartridge and manage up to
384. Up to three types can be mixed in a magazine. Can be
linked to RWRs or MWRs. ALKAN
12
FG-3, FG-6, FG-9 Infrared Flares
z
Fully compatible in form, fit and function with M-206, MJU-7B
and MJU-10B flares respectively; all use Magnesium/PTFE
cartridge pellets; FG-3 has dimensions 25 x 25 x 205 mm,
dispensed from AN/ALE-40/47, M-130, ADDS, SAMP 60/120/240;
FG-6 has dimensions 25 x 51 x 205 mm, dispensed from AN/
ALE-40/47, ADDS, SAMP 60/120/240; FG-9 has dimensions 64 x
51 x 205 mm, dispensed by AN/ALE-40/47, ADDS, SAMP
60/120/240. Israel Military Industries Ltd
Sniper ATP
GT-1 F-35 Lightning II
Countermeasures dispensing system capable of ejecting chaff
(up to 68 cartridges) that covers 2-18 GHz and flares (up to 32
cartridges) covering 1.5 to 5 micron IR waveband. China
National Import and Export Corporation, Beijing
Integrated Countermeasures
Dispenser (ICMD)
s
Integral element of AN/ALQ-212 Advanced Threat Infrared
Countermeasures System (ATIRCM) BAE SYSTEMS North
America
Kilgore IR Countermeasure
Flares
C-130J
GMLRS
Longbow /Arrowhead
Address Interpretation
MCSP
Tactical Wheeled Vehicles
csxz
Family of IR decoy flares. KC-001 – dimensions 36 x 148 mm;
weight 270 g; compatibility D27/ALE-39 A magazine, MX-7721/
ALE-29A, MX-7829/ALE-29A, AN/ALE-39. KC-002 – dimensions
25 x 52 x 205 mm; weight 375 g; KC-003 – dimensions 36 x 148
mm; weight 270 g; compatibility AN/ALE-29A and AN/ALE-39.
KC-004 – cross section 55 mm; length 375 mm; weight 1.65 kg;
ejected weight 2 x 650 g. KC-006 – dimensions 52 x 65 x 205
mm; weight 1,020 g. MJU-7A/B 25 x 52 x 205 mm, weight 370 g.
MJU-10/B- 52 x 65 x 205 mm, weight 1.2 kg. M206 – dimensions
25 x 25 x 205 mm, weight 200 g. MJU-32/B – dimensions 36 x
148 mm, weight 273 g. MJU-38/B – dimensions 36 x 148 mm,
weight 273 g. MJU-39/B – F-22 Flare MJU-40/B – F-22 Flare.
Kilgore Flares Co LLC, a member of Chemring Group
L-028K
UKCATT
xz
Chaff dispenser for medium to large transports and fast jets.
Russian electronics industry
Lacroix Chaff, Flare and
Decoy Systems sxz
Verdite (IR) and Junon (Chaff) are three-shot 19 mm diameter
cartridges. IR output is adapted to signature of helicopters.
Junon is a wide RF bandwidth chaff cartridge optimized to
protect helicopter. Verdite and Junon are integrated onto
MUCALIR ammunition for Saphir dispenser (MBDA) Helir
ammunition for Elips dispenser (Alkan), M119 magazine and any
other type of existing dispenser. Lacroix Airborne
Countermeasures
Lacroix CHAFF AND FLARE
CARTRIDGES
sxz
Lacroix makes a wide range of chaff IR and electro-optical
decoy cartridges dedicated to protection of any type of
platforms (Mirage family, F16, F18, C160, C130, helicopters etc).
Decoy cartridges are compatible with any type of dispensers.
Signatures of decoys are optimized for type of platform to be
protected. Lacroix produces dual band IR flares to defeat
advanced threats. Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures.
Swanwick Centre
© 2008 Lockheed Martin Corporation
B E T W E E N PA R T N E R S H I P S P R O M I S E D A N D PA R T N E R S H I P S A C H I E V E D,
T H E R E I S O N E I M P O R TA N T W O R D : H O W.
In a world that continues to change dramatically, governments increasingly seek to accomplish
their most vital goals by working with advanced technology companies from around the globe.
Building and sustaining partnerships that achieve their objectives is a matter of how. And it is
the how that makes all the difference.
M-130
s
Countermeasures dispensing system developed for helicopters
using ALE-40 technology. Used on a wide variety of helicopters.
Compatible with M1 and RR-170A/AL chaff cartridges and M206
flares. BAE SYSTEMS North America.
MCP
x
Modular Countermeasures Pod can house up to 10 chaff/flare
magazines, towed decoy, missile warning system. Usually
controlled by ALQ-213/EWMS. Empty pod weighs 65 kg and
measures 227 x 38 x 44 cm TERMA AS
MICLIR
s
External diameter 19 mm; length 150 mm; burning time >=2 s;
maximum output 1.4 kW/s; temperature range -40 deg to +70
deg; rise time 100 mx, decoy life 5 years, 3 months on
helicopter. Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures
MTV Flares
sxz
Traditional point source Magnesium Teflon Viton (MTV) flares
are designed to counter the earlier generations of IR MANPADS.
They are produced in rectangular and round form factors to the
customer’s technical and performance specifications. They can
be used in a wide range of flare dispensing systems and are also
available with innovative developments. All Wallop Defence
Systems flares are fitted with a unique safety and initiating
mechanism that conforms to NATO STANAG 3525 (DEF STAN
13-27) and UK Ordnance Board regulations. 118 MTV Flares
DSTL 44: Cross Section 25x25mm; Length 205mm; Weight 169
g; Ejected Weight 114 g; Ejection Velocity 26-54m/s; Burn
Duration >3s. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series,
M130, VICON 78, MES, Terma, Rokar, Alkan, Saphir. Typical
Aircraft: Lynx, Puma, Sea King, EH101, CH47 Chinook, Cougar,
AH64 Apache, C130, A109, B412.
DSTL 45 – As DSTL 44 apart from >3.5 sec burn duration. 118
MTV/AERO Flares: DSTL 22 – Cross Section 25x25mm; Length
205 mm; Weight 197 g; Ejected Weight 142 g; Ejection Velocity
35-55m/s; Burn Duration >4 sec. Typical Dispensers – As DSTL
44. Typical Aircraft – As DSTL 44. 218 MTV Flares: DSTL 46 and
DSTL 47 – Cross Section 25x50mm; Length 205 mm; Weight
338 g; Ejected Weight 259 g; Ejection Velocity 25 to 35 m/sec;
Burn Duration > 3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47
Series, M130, VICON 78, Terma, Alkan. Typical Aircraft F16,
Harrier GR9, C130, AV8B, Jaguar. 228 MTV Flares: HS4 – Cross
Section 50 x 64 mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 1.16 kg; Ejected
Weight 0.94 kg; Ejection Velocity 19-31m/sec; Burn Duration >3.5
sec. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON
78. Typical Aircraft C-17, F15, Tornado ADV. 36 mm MTV: HS6 –
Cross Section 36 mm diameter; Length148 mm; Weight 280 g;
Ejected Weight 190 g; Ejection Velocity 20-30m/sec; Burn
Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE-39B & 47 Series,
VICON 78. Typical Aircraft A7, EA-6B, F/A-18, P3, MH-60. Cart CM
55mm MTV: No1 Mk2A – Cross Section 55 mm diameter;
Length 375 mm; Weight 1.63kg; Ejected Weight 2x650g; Ejection
Velocity 16-31m/s; Burn Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers
BOZ 107, VICON 78, BOP/Z. Typical Aircraft Tornado GR4, F3,
IDS. Wallop Defence Systems
MUCALIR
s
External diameter 19 mm; length 150 mm; burning time >= 2 s;
maximum output 1.4 kW/s; temperature range -40 deg to +70
deg; rise time < 100 ms; decoy life 5 years, 3 months on aircraft.
Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures
14
Chaff, flare and decoy systems « AIR
Multi-Blu Cartridge
sz
Split F-3 (M-206 EQ) pellet in three parts with built in ejection
delays providing three times more protection than standard
flares. Dimensions 1 x 1 x 8 in. Overall weight 230 g. Israel
Military Industries Ltd
OZISIK CMDS
Airborne Helicopter Counter Measure Dispenser System. OZISIK
CMDS is used to dispense Chaff/Flare decoys to seduce RF/IR
guided missiles in order to protect helicopter platforms. It
consists of five LRUs: System Control Unit, Dispense Control
Unit, Dispenser Base, Magazine and Safety Switch. Aselsan
PHIMAT
z
Pod-mounted chaff dispenser for fast jets. Carries 210 chaff
packs. Can be fired manually or triggered by RWR. Is 3.6 m long
x 1.08 m diameter. Weighs 105 kg. In service on various fighters.
MBDA
Pylon Integrated Dispenser
Station (PIDS) z
Pylon mounted system for countermeasures dispensers on
F-16s. It also accommodates missile warning sensors on Royal
Danish Air Force F-16s, the EADS MILDS F, AN/AAR60(V)2.
TERMA AS
Rheinmetall’s chaff and
flare systems
cxz
High efficient spectrally balanced decoys, array flares and
spot flares to protect carrier aircrafts, helicopters and jets
against infrared-guided missiles. Aircraft-like signature with
fast rise time combined with high radiant intensity render
RWM’s products are suitable for protection against modern
SAM/AAM with infrared seeker heads, including those with
two-colour ratio discrimination. The efficiency is seeker
tested. Examples include the DM69 A2 Array Flare, a 2x1x8 in
flare, fitting AN/ALE-40/47 dispensers. Rheinmetall Waffe
Munition GmbH
SAMP 60/120/240A Series chaff
and flare dispensers
sxz
Stand-alone dispensers which can be integrated into a complete
self-protection EW suite. SAMP 60A consists of control and
operating panel and two 30-round chaff/flare magazines, while
SAMP 120A/240A holds up to 4/8 magazines, each with
30-round chaff/flare. The system allows selection of manual,
semi-automatic and automatic operating modes, trigger modes
and continuously displays inventory. It has 3 BIT levels and is
NVG compatible. The system holds up to 16 dispense, escape or
jettison programs and support operating of two programs in
parallel. Israel Military Industries Ltd
SAPHIR
s
Chaff/flare system in service on Fennec, Gazelle, Lynx, Puma
and Cougar helicopters; in production for Tiger and NH-90
(SAPHIR-M version); each dispenser has between 18 and 72
cartridges depending on cartridge size; 2 – 10 dispensers per
system; pilot selects from 12 settings (plus default ‘survival’
mode) with various numbers of salvos, cartridges per salvo and
intervals between salvos; integration into ECM system allows
semi-automatic and automatic triggering. MBDA
SAPHIR 400
x
Large capacity chaff/flare dispenser for A400M
European transport aircraft. Fully compatible
with all decoy standards and formats. MBDA
Sky Buzzer
xz
A high-power, radar jamming and deception
decoy to protect both fighter and transport/
mission aircraft. It is effective against a wide
range of radars (including monopulse) by
producing angular errors in target tracking
radar or missile seeker heads. The jamming
techniques are generated onboard by an
advanced Digital Radio Frequency Memory
(DRFM) and transferred to the decoy via a fibre
optic cable. Sky Buzzer does not affect the
aerodynamic behaviour of the aircraft. It can be
deployed by parachute (for later recovery) or retrieved during
flight by an active winch. The high effectiveness of Sky
Buzzerhas been successfully approved on Tornado, F-4 Phantom
and other aircraft. EADS Airborne Systems
SPIRALE
z
Internally mounted chaff/flare system in service on all versions
of Mirage 2000. Integrated within ICMS 2000 ECM system of
Mirage 2000. The ammunition payload consists of up to 36 IR
cartridges fitted into the cartridge dispensers and 112 chaff
packs in the chaff dispensing tubes. Can be complemented by
DDM missile detector. The addition of ÉCLAIR-M multiplies the
flare payload by four. MBDA
SPIRIT-NG
x
Countermeasures dispensing system for heavy/large aircraft. In
service on C130 (Hercules) and C160 (Transall). Can accept any
kind of cartridges, including special cartridges (diam 55 mm).
Modular architecture, up to 24 dispensers chassis (A400M).
ALKAN
SPREAD (Self PRotection Expendables
Airborne Dispenser)
A countermeasures dispensing system (CMDS) designed to
increase the survivability and mission effectiveness of airborne
platforms against radio-frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) threats.
SPREAD is capable of operating with any RWR/MWS/LWR via
MIL-STD-1553B data bus and discrete interfaces. It has also
glass-cockpit and NVIS compatible versions and is capable of
dispensing 1”x1” chaff, 1”x1” dual chaff, 1”x1” flare, Multi-Blu-3
and other chaff/flare cartridges with similar dispensing
characteristics. The system consists of five line replaceable
units (LRU); system control unit (SCU), dispense control unit
(DCU), dispenser base, magazine and safety switch. The system
developed under SSM contract is integrated with AH-1P, AH-1W,
Mi-17, AB-205, AS-532, S70A, T-129 and CN-235. It is operational
since 2006. The system is rapidly adaptable to other military
platforms. MiKES, Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc
SYCOMOR
z
Chaff/flare dispensing system in pod (2.95 m) or conformal pack
(2.5 m) for fast jets. Pod/pack holds 2 gondolas, each with 3
chaff tubes & 7 dispensers with 4 cartridges apiece. In service
on Mirage F1. MBDA
» An A-10 Thunderbolt II fires flares in Afghanistan.
(us air force)
TACDS
sz
Threat Adaptive Countermeasures Dispenser is a replacement for
earlier ALE-39, ALE-40, M-130s and ALE-45, that is able to take
input from threat warning systems and respond. Manual,
semi-automatic and automatic operating modes. Load/mission
mixes include five payload types per magazine, 15 magazine mixes,
multiple and simultaneous firing. BAE SYSTEMS North America
Towed Active Decoy (TAD)
z
Smart off-board radar jammer for countering amplitude monopulse techniques and home-on-jam ECCM. Can operate autonomously or with an on-board jammer. Thales Airborne Systems
xz
sxz
UP-P1/UV-p2
Chaff/flare dispensers for IL-76, Su-24, Su-27, Tu-22.
VICON 70
Light, modular countermeasures pod for aircraft unable to
accept airframe-mounted devices. Pod can contain chaff and
flare dispensers, radar and missile approach warners and has
manual and fully automatic operational modes. Uses modules
from VICON 78 system. Weighs 210 kg fully loaded. Diameter
356 mm. Thales Optronics (Vinten) Ltd
VICON 78
msxz
Family of lightweight chaff/flare dispensing systems. Manual,
semi-automatic and fully automatic threat adaptive dispensing
capability. Vicon 78 is able to interface with a wide range of
radar warning receivers, missile warning systems, and defensive
aids suite controllers. Can control up to 24 dispensers, which
can be installed internally, semi-recessed, externally faired or in
pods. Dispenser module takes interchangeable chaff and flare
magazines containing up to 64 payloads, or Modular
Expendable Blocks. Thales Optronics (Vinten) Ltd
X-Guard
zsmxc
Airborne fibre-optic towed active radar decoy system. Creates a
more attractive false target for missiles and results in ‘an
exploding attacking missile, far away from the aimed at platform
and the reusable X-Guard decoy. Designed to defeat advanced
tracking principles such as monopulse and lock-on-receive-only.
Offers wide frequency coverage, extended spatial coverage, high
ERP from solid-state array, in-flight streaming and retrieval,
enhanced graceful degradation, high reliability, compatibility
with ‘all types of platforms’. Rafael
15
AIR » ELINT and COMINT systems
ELINT & COMINT SYSTEMS
ADACS
xs
Airborne Digital Automatic Collection System adaptable to
aeroplanes and helicopters combines ESM and precise emitter
parameter measurement and covers 0.5 to 20 GHz. Handles CW,
ICW, pulse Doppler, LPI-3D, jitter/stagger/agile, pulse
compression and frequency agile radars in dense EM
environments. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton
Advanced Systems Inc
Advanced Digital Receiver Processor
(ADRP) EW System
zsmxc
A passive, low-cost, high-performance digital receiver-based
ESM system that provides superior situational awareness by
rapidly detecting, identifying and locating combat threats
autonomously. The system provides Electronic Intelligence
(ELINT), Electronic Support Measurement (ESM) and Radar
Warning Receiver (RWR) functions. Installation flexibility for
Airborne, Sea-based, Land-based, and Manned and Unmanned
platforms is enabled by a modular open systems architecture. It
interfaces to any antenna configuration and has a small
footprint, minimizing installation effects. Low total cost of
ownership and reduced programme risk are provided by field
programmable gate arrays which allow for modification without
the need for expensive hardware upgrades. The proven
operational software has been developed from previous EW
programs and is maintained in a common product line
repository, reducing development time and maintenance
expense. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego
AES-210/E
sz
Family of lightweight ESM and ELINT systems for helicopters
and aeroplanes tasked with land or maritime surveillance, also
contributes to self-protection. Covers 0.5 to 18 GHz. Azimuth
coverage 360 deg, DF accuracy 3 deg RMS or better, library of
more than 1,000 emitters, interfaces RS 422, RS232, 1553B,
ARINC; weight 45 kg typical. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
AES-210/V
m
Lightweight ESM and ELINT systems for UAVs. Features:
Detecting, identifying and locating of ground-based, airborne
and shipborne radars. Covers Low and High bands. Superhet/
IFM Receiver. Fine DF using digital phase interferometer.
Interfaces RS 422. Weight 22 kg typical. Elisra Electronic
Systems Ltd
ALQ-78
x
Pylon-mounted radar detection system for maritime patrol
aircraft. Automatically detects radar signals, measures
parameters and bearings and passes them to aircraft central
data processing system. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALR-73
x
Passive ESM system fitted to US Navy E-2C airborne early
warning aircraft. Offers very high probability intercept in dense
EM environments, automatic operation, 360 deg coverage,
reports new emitters. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton
16
ALQ-142
Electronic Warfare Systems
s
Lightweight, high-performance ESM for naval helicopters.
Covers 2 to 25 Ghz. As part of LAMPS III system, data is linked
back to warship’s SLQ-32(V). Offers 360 deg azimuth coverage
and provides real-time detection, platform identification and
bearing of shipborne emitters. RAYTHEON Company
ALQ-151(V2) Quickfix
s
RF direction finding, interception and jamming system fitted to
US Army EH-60 special mission helicopters. Covers 2-80 MHz in
DF and jamming modes. Deals with AM, FM, CW and SSB signal
types. Bandwidths of 8, 30 or 50 KHz. Puts out 500 W of RF
power. TRW Systems and Information Technology.
ALR-801
x
ESM and ELINT system for maritime patrol aircraft. Covers 0.5
to 18 GHz, extendable to 40 GHz. IFM receiver searches,
deinterleaves multiple pulse trains, identifies emitters from user
supplied library. Claims 100% probability of intercept. Pulse
environment 2 million (max), processes up to 1,024 emitters
simultaneously. Sensitivity 60 dBm, weight 70.3 kg Condor
Flugdienst GmbH
AMES
x
Modular ESM system that can be upgraded with ELINT
capabilities. Basic system has four spiral DF antennae with
channelised receivers and a digital signal processor. Advanced
version adds a fine DF subsystem. Adding superheterodyne
receivers and an intrapulse analysis package turn AMES into an
ELINT system. Covers 2-18 GHz. INDRA DTD
AN/ALR-606
sx
ESM receiver that provides both threat warning and signal
analysis functions for maritime patrol aircraft, both fixed-wing and
helicopters. The system provides continuous 360° threat warning.
It is controlled by a crew member through a touch-screen display
to select and analyse detected signals. Northrop Grumman
Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division
ARIES
He takes mission execution
seriously, and so do we.
x
Integrated EW system providing tactical ELINT, COMINT, tactical
surveillance, ECM support and training. Modular system fits
medium to large transport aircraft. Elettronica SpA
ASTAC
xsz
Pod-mounted ELINT system. Frequency coverage of C to K
bands; length 400 cm; diameter 40 cm; weight 400 kg; high
sensitivity and high detection ranges; signal extraction in dense
electromagnetic environments; accurate localisation of emitters;
realtime or deferred time processing. Thales Airborne Systems
AYR-1
x
ESM system for large surveillance aircraft. Designed for passive
interception, identification and analysis of RF signals in a dense
EM environment. Total weight thought to be around 855 kg.
Boeing Company
BM/KZ 8608
x
ELINT detection and analysis system covering 1 to 18 GHz.
Designed to detect, identify, locate and analyse signals from
both land-based and shipborne radars. High probability of
intercept, high sensitivity and accurate parameter measurement
claimed. Frequency accuracy 5 MHz, azimuth coverage 360 deg,
bearing accuracy 5 deg (1-8 GHz) 3 deg ( 8 – 18 Ghz). China
National Electronics Import & Export Corp
Protecting the lives of warfighters — it’s the driving force behind all that we do at Raytheon.
And our electronic warfare systems have been doing it for over 50 years. From decoys and
jammers, to radar warning receivers and new digital technology, our comprehensive range of
products enables today’s pilots to detect and defeat the threat. But what separates us from the
others is our commitment to program execution. We deliver combat-proven performance you
can count on, where you need it and when you need it. Because we’re just as serious about his
successful mission as we are about our own.
www.raytheon.com
© 2008 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success
Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
CHALS-X(M)
z
ELINT and COMINT systems « AIR
CS-5500
x
Communications High Accuracy Location System-Exploitable
(Miniaturised). Employed on US Army Guardrail /Common
Sensor RC-12 aircraft. Provides precision communication emitter
locations. Reduction in size and weight from CHALS-X achieved
by repackaging receiver and processor. Size: 0.6 cu ft; weight:
30 lb; power: 90 W. BAE SYSTEMS North America
Advanced Electronic Surveillance and Collection system having
wideband superheterodyne multi-channel acquisition, receiving,
ELINT collection and analysis capability. Supports multiple
operator positions which include Microsoft Windows based HMI
with full search and collection control, signal recording, and
signal analysis functions. EDO Corporation
COMSIM
CS-5550
A terrain-interactive Communications planning simulator, which
includes ability to inject effects of EW / interference. Realistic
exercise planning using live RF signals from actual CNR
equipment connected directly into COMSIM equipment which
simulates actual RF environment. Can run exercises of up to 24
hours involving up to 10 separately located communications
teams each having up to 4 radios. CNR frequency range up to
500MHz. Proven terrain mapping / propagation models
applicable worldwide. Thales Aerospace Division
Lightweight ESM system providing monopulse direction finding
and a high gain directional antenna for detailed signal analysis.
EDO Corporation
CS-2010 HAWK Receiver/DF System
x
Expandable, multi-operator pooled resource architecture. VF
through EHF RF coverage. VersaNet TDMA control and data bus.
Programmable multi-mode spectrum and DF analysis displays.
Covers 20 MHz to 40 GHz. EDO Corporation
CS-2040 Mini-Hawk System
x
Single operator 2 channel ELINT receiving system. Covers
0.5 – 18 GHz with 500 MHz of instantaneous IF bandwidth.
MD-128 provides analysis demodulation with variable filters,
attenuators. 6.5 in colour LCD display for RF pan, IF Pan,
control and display. EDO Corporation
The next generation high-performance microwave receiver/
tuner covering the frequency range from 0.1 to 20 GHz. The
unprecedented phase noise, tuning speed, dynamic range and
group delay performance make this the tuner of choice for the
search and collection of communications and EW/Radar signals
where high Probability of Intercept (POI) and collection fidelity
are essential. This state-of-the-art super-heterodyne tuner
architecture is well suited for both COMINT and ELINT
applications. Rockwell Collins
Digital receiver
The Digital Receiver provides a very large instantaneous
bandwidth in the GHz range in combination with an extremely
high frequency resolution and very high receiver sensitivity. It
has the capability to receive and analyse overlapping and
multiple RF signals with very short reaction time in a dense
scenario. The unit can be used for Radar Warning, ESM and Elint
applications. EADS Airborne Systems
CS-36400 Spectrum Monitoring System
Single operator ELINT receiving system. TN-118 Tuner covers 80
MHz to 18 GHz frequencies with 50 MHz of instantaneous IF
bandwidth. 7.4 in electroluminescent display with 640 x 400
resolution. Available displays include RF spectrum search, IF
Pan and Time base. EDO Corporation
CS-5060
Complete, lightweight, integrated ELINT/ESM sensor subsystem.
Provides ability to automatically acquire, identify, locate and
report on modern radar emitters. Comprises an integrated
antenna assembly including omni and high gain DF antennas, RF
distribution unit, wideband microwave tuner and a VME based
signal processing unit. EDO Corporation
18
DMI-601 AM
EL/K-7032
The Airborne Integrated SIGINT System (AISIS), is a multi-role
Intelligence System for non-communication and Communication
signals. The AISIS perform the tasks of search, intercept
measure, locate analyze, classify and monitor ground, airborne
and naval transmissions, characterized by short duration,
variety of signal types and changes in the signals parameters.
COMINT frequency range: 20 to 1200 MHz, ELINT frequency
range: 0.5 to 18 GHz. Installed on Business Jet Aircraft G-5 and
other types. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd
EL/I-3100
CS-6040 Microwave Receiver/Tuner
CS-3045 Airborne ELINT Systems
An Airborne ELINT System consisting of omni and high gain
direction finding (DF) antennas, receivers, signal processors and
operator workstations and software designed for use in airborne
surveillance applications. The systems may be used for ELINT or
ESM applications and consist of mature, field proven equipment,
and newly released SAT control and analysis software. Typical
frequency coverage is supported from 0.5 to 18 GHz or from 0.5
to 40 GHz, with options for lower and higher frequency
coverage. Rockwell Collins
EL/I-3001 Airborne Integrated SIGINT
System
m
Airborne COMINT system that can grow into a multi-sensor
reconnaissance tool with the addition of subsystems such as
electro-optics and radar. Designed to be installed on light
aircraft or UAVs, it copes, says ELTA, with dense
communications environments characterised by exotic signals,
short transmissions, frequency hoppers and frequent changes
in network parameters. DF subsystem covers 30 to 1,500 MHz or
higher if requested; COMINT subsystem covers 0.3 to 1,500 MHz
with an optional extension up to 3,000 MHz; standard EO
subsystem is a multimission optronic stabilised payload (MOSP)
with thermal imager, TV camera and laser rangefinder. Typical
installation in a CATPASS 250 aircraft would have three
operator stations. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and
Communications Division
x
COMINT system covering 20 to 500 MHz, designed for large
transport aircraft. Computer-controlled automation minimises
number of operators for multiple simultaneous tasks. Includes
AM, FM modes with CW and SSB as options, frequency
resolution 1 KHz to 10 Khz optionally. Elta Systems Group,
SIGINT, EW and Communications Division
EL/K-7071 Integrated UAV COMINT/
DF System
m
The ELTA EL/K-7071 is a UAV Communication Intelligence
payload system. The System tasks are to scan, intercept,
measure, locate, analyze, classify and monitor ground, airborne
and naval communications transmissions characterized by high
mobility, short duration, modern signals and frequent changes
in the signal parameters. The modular architecture, the compact
size, the low power consumption and the flexible interfaces
provide for installation of the COMINT/DF Payload onboard
UAVs, tactical to MALE and HALE UAVs. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd
EL/L-8282MPA ESM/ELINT for MPA
z
State of the art ESM/ELINT System for tactical and strategic
Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) missions. The System performs
anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare and search and
Rescue missions. Surveillance, detection, geo-location and
tracking of radar emitters are continuously executed. Frequency
coverage, 0.5 to 18 GHz (MMW optional). The EL/L-8382 is
installed on variety of MPAs as P-3C, F-50, C-130 and shortly on
Nimrod 2000. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd
sx
Removable airborne ELINT system that can be installed in
transport aircraft and helicopters. Covers 0.5 – 18 GHz, with a
superheterodyne receiver with 500 MHz instantaneous
bandwidth and an instantaneous frequency measurement
module. MMI can be adapted to client. Optional DF module
measures AOA with 360° coverage. DTS Ltda
EAGLE
The Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment
(EAGLE) is a family of integrated electronic support receiver
systems for ISR, ELINT and ESM applications. Net-Centric in its
architecture, the EAGLE technology supports rapid emitter
detection, DF and signal measurement. Wide instantaneous
bandwidth operation allows the EAGLE to search many
thousands of frequency bins per second in any predetermined
set of frequency bands over its entire frequency range.
Wideband digital receiver operation combined with an advanced
pulse processor and modern software based DSP technology
ensures that the EAGLE is effective at intercepting modern
large time-bandwidth product radar emitters, as well as
conventional radar types. Frequency coverage: typically from
0.5 to 18.0 GHz. Special EAGLE systems can be supplied to
cover 30 MHz to 40 GHz in a single VXI Chassis. Telemus
19
EL/L 8300
x
Family of ESM and SIGINT/ELINT systems for large aircraft with
optional frequency coverage as broad as 2 to 1,500 MHz for
COMINT and 0.03 to 40 GHz for ELINT. Elta Systems Group,
SIGINT, EW and Communications Division
EL/L 8312A
x
ELINT system suited to large aircraft covering 0.5 to 18 GHz.
Includes EL/L 8312R receiver, EL/L 8321 pulse digitiser and EL/S
8610 computer and a colour display. Provides monopulse DF
with 360 deg coverage and instantaneous measurement,
automatic signal analysis and ID in dense environment. Elta
Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and Communications Division
EL/L-8356 EW Analysis Station (EWAS)
The ELTA EL/L-8356 EW Analysis Station is an innovative,
generic tool for Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) systems
analysis. The EWAS is a COTS based instrumentation system
and includes a generic set of ECM generation and analysis
software. Frequency range 6 to 18 GHz (extendable to 2 –
18GHz). The EWAS facilitates ECM life cycle tasks including
Performance Verification, development, software testing,
qualification, ECM system and software maintenance and ECM
Techniques development. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd
EL/L-8385 UAV ESM/ELINT System
m
The EL/L-8385 is a UAV Integrated Electronic Support Measures
(ESM) and ELINT System. The modular architecture, the
compact size, the low power consumption and the flexible
interfaces provide for installation of the ESM/ELINT Payload
onboard UAVs, tactical to MALE and HALE UAVs. IAI/ ELTA
Systems Ltd
Electronic Surveillance
Payload (ESP)
m
Extremely lightweight ESM payload developed to operate as a
stand-alone ESM system for integration on UAVs. ESP is based
on Emitter Location System (ELS) with an improved probability
of intercept (POI) for emissions from search, tracking and fire
control radars. Primary purpose of ESP is to provide enemy
Electronic Order of Battle (EOB) through emitter identification,
geo-location of emitters and detailed recording of emitter
parameters for ESM/ELINT analysis. ESP consists of a controller
which includes an acquisition and analysis receiver and a nose
mounted interferometric antenna array. Frequency Coverage:
0.5-18 GHz. Direction Finding: 1 deg RMS Class above 2 GHz and
3.5 deg RMS @ 700 MHz. Saab Avitronics
ELINT Sensor
m
The ELINT payload is a highly sensitive sensor for the detection,
location and classification of radar emitters to be installed on
either manned or unmanned platforms (e.g. Global Hawk). It
provides an automatic mode for continuous survey of a wide
area of the electromagnetic spectrum for known and unknown
emissions, a manual mode for the detailed analysis of emitters,
mission monitoring and data evaluation – performed on either
onboard operator station or at ground station and data
recording for post-evaluation of all monitored emitters. EADS
Airborne Systems
ES5000
sxzm
COMINT and ELINT system for most types of aircraft. Covers
comms emitters from 2 to 1,200 MHz non-comms emitters from
0.02 to 18 GHz. TRW System and Information Technology
EW-1017
x
ESM system for large surveillance aircraft covering 0.5 to 20
GHz band. Designed to receive and identify all emissions
illuminating aircraft, prioritise and warn of potentially lethal
threats. BAE SYSTEMS North America
GABRIEL
x
Large transport aircraft based system utilising ASTAC ELINT
and TRC series SIGINT technology. Designed to detect, analyse,
identify and localise radar emissions while also intercepting,
classifying, analysing and monitoring radio communications.
Thales Airborne Systems
HES-21
An ESM/ELINT system, combined with a self protection system,
and supported by two separate human machine interfaces. The
ESM system has a digital receiver, a narrow band receiver, and a
wide band receiver that together with the antenna system give
close to 100 % probability of intercept. The digital receiver with
its interferometer antenna arrays gives outstanding
performance. The self protection system comprises radar
warning, laser warning, missile approach warning and chaff and
flare dispenser systems. Saab Avitronics
Hyper Lite
New generation ESM system designed to be adaptable to
airborne, shipboard and ground tactical environments. Compact
and light, it offers threat warning and situational awareness;
emitter location; complex signal recognition and data collection;
signal demodulation and copy. Covers 20 to 1,200 MHz with 25
kHz channelisation. Compressive receiver provides 60 MHz of
instantaneous bandwidth. Digital alarm processing software
supports 48,000 frequency bins. DF accuracy 1-5° nominal.
BAE SYSTEMS Information and Electronic Warfare Systems
Koob-3M
z
z
Thought to be SIGINT system for MiG 25RBK recce and strike jet.
Landysh
Pod-mounted SIGINT system reportedly carried by Sukhoi
Su-24MP EW variant of Fencer strike aircraft.
LO-6 Berzoya
s
z
Radar warning receiver for late production MiG 25 variants.
LO-81 Fantasmagoria-B
Pod-mounted emitter location system for fast jets such as
Su-24M, can be used to cue anti-radiation missiles.
LT-500
UNRIVALLED PROTECTION
Wallop Defence Systems, a Division of Esterline Technologies, has over 60 years’
experience and expertise in military pyrotechnics having been actively engaged
in research, development and production of a wide range of advanced pyrotechnic
devices for use in land-based, maritime and airborne applications of armed forces
across the world.
Within its three main business areas of Aircraft Countermeasures, Naval Decoy
Systems and Pyrotechnics, Wallop Defence Systems provides a comprehensive
service of capabilities, resources and experience.
z
Modular interferometric emitter targeting system for pod or
internal installation on fast jets. Weighs 34 kg without antennas.
Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc
Wallop Defence Systems Ltd
Hampshire, United Kingdom
www.wallopdefence.com [email protected]
Esterline Defense Group
Corporate Headquarters, California, USA
www.armtecdefense.com [email protected]
20
Maritime Patrol Suite
x
Designed for light Maritime Patrol Aircraft. Provides a
comprehensive capability of detecting targets, identifying
threats, collecting ELINT data and communicating with ground
station. Comprises a central target management system,
sensors and operator’s console. Basic MPA suite includes radar,
FLIR/TV, ESM system and ASW equipment. Features: Detection
of targets by radar; SAR mapping, ISAR classification;
alternative configuration; easy adaptation to operational
requirements; detection of radar emissions by ESM/ELINT
system; accurate direction finding and geo-location by
triangulation. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
Passive Ranging SubSystem (PRSS)
z
Radar detection, identification and location system that uses
self-scaling Doppler and self-resolving, long baseline
inteferometry so a single tactical aircraft can locate hostile
emitters. Based on an open architecture using VME cards.
Lockheed Martin EPI-Owego
Pastil
z
Radar warning receiver fitted to Sukhoi Su39 naval variant of
Su-25 Frogfoot close air support/strike aircraft. Covers 1.2 to 18
GHz and said to be effective against PD and CW radars. Central
Scientific Institute for Radiotechnical measurement
Phalanger m
Passive ESM/ELINT payload for UAVs designed to detect,
identify, localise ground-based radars and display tactical
situation. Delivers either radar tracks for real time display and
analysis or uses high capacity recording feature for post flight
analysis. Frequency range: E to J (optional C to K), range
accuracy better than 5 km at 100 km claimed. Weight: < 20 kg
Power: <300 VA consumption. Thales Airborne Systems
Rohde & Schwarz COMINT
System
nvx
Automatic system fitted to small/medium and mobile solutions
for army, navy and air force. For radio monitoring and radio
location, covers HF up to microwave frequencies. Designed for
simultaneous handling of multiple signals in a dense EM
environment. Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG
SARIGUE
x
Large transport aircraft based ELINT and COMINT system.
Latest Sarigue NG version uses ASTAC ELINT and TRC series
COMINT technology. Thales Airborne Systems
Shar-25
sz
SIGINT system fitted to the MiG 25RBF strike and
reconnaissance aircraft.
SOCCAM
cx
Modular, COMINT systems based on a compact, flexible and
low-cost ESM receiver covering V/UHF bands. Digital signal
processing; standard cartographic application, digital audio
recording; work-stations in ethernet LAN operating under UNIX
and ADA; suitable for aircraft, land vehicles or ships; ground
support centre for pre- and post-mission analysis. INDRA
22
SRS-4A, -4B and -4V
sz
sz
m
SIGINT systems for MiG 25RB reconnaissance and strike aircraft.
SRS-9 Virzh
SIGINT system for MiG 25RBT reconnaissance and strike aircraft.
STRATUS
Aerostat-borne COMINT surveillance system offered for coastal
air and ground surveillance as well as comms and over-thehorizon relay applications. Features and benefits include
continuous wide frequency coverage in all weathers, long range
coverage up to 270 km, radio horizon range, high reliability and
ease of operation, command and control systems. RAFAEL
SYREL
z
Podded tactical ELINT system for fast jets, acts as a penetration
aid for strike packages, datalink for ground station included. Pod
is 3.57 m long, 42 cm in diameter, weighs 265 kg with antennas
front and rear with receivers, amplifiers and recorders in the
centre. Thales Airborne Systems
Tangazh
x
Podded ELINT system for Sukhoi Su 24MR reconnaissance jet.
TDF-2040
Direction Finding (DF) system operating in the HF (500 kHz
to 30 MHz) and V/UHF (20,000 MHz) range. Uses the DF
technique and operates as a stand-alone DF system or as part of
a master/slave emitter location network. Capable of measuring
direction to fixed-frequency, frequency hopping and burst
transmissions. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member
of the Elisra Group
Top Scan
Dual-axis interferometric ESM, ELINT, DF and localisation
system aimed at ground based emitters. Autonomous or
controlled operating modes offered, as are options for control
via datalink from remote ground station. Mission planning and
emitter library updates can be carried out aboard. Patented
algorithms designed to overcome ambiguity, multi-path
interference and eliminate outliers. Handles dense EM
environments. PRI tracking mode enables simultaneous tracking
of multiple targets. High probability of intercept and long
detection ranges claimed, said to cope with mobile SAM and gun
systems. Light, modular and compact, sensor module can be
mounted in pod or conformal fairing. RAFAEL
USD-9(B)/(C)/(D) Guardrail
x
ELINT system in US Army RC-12 covers three bands 20 to 75
MHz, 100 to 150 MHz and 350 to 450 MHz. Downlinks data to a
ground stations Guardrail Common Sensor System is latest
version with full SIGINT capability thanks to Advanced Quick
Look (AQL) ELINT system and Communications High Accuracy
Airborne Location Systems (CHAALS), and improved COMINT
package. TRW Systems and Information Technology
Yaguar
Emitter targeting system fitted to MiG 25BM defence
suppression aircraft. Cues Kh-58U ARM.
z
AIR » IR jammers
Laser warning receivers « AIR
IR JAMMERS
AN/ALQ-212 Advanced Threat Infrared
Countermeasures (ATIRCM)
All-laser transmitter
New generation system (Advanced Threat IR Countermeasures/
Common Missile Warning System) directable IR jammer using
narrow beam modulated IR lamp or laser linked to missile
warner (AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System), fine track
sensor. BAE SYSTEMS North America
z
Compact, laser-only DIRCM transmitter takes advantage of the
lack of large arc lamps to provide higher jamming performance
in a smaller, lighter package with lower drag. Four-axis gimbal
can effectively jam at nadir, allowing for mounting in any
position on the aircraft. Northrop Grumman Electronic
Systems Defensive Systems Division
AN/AAQ-8
sxz
Airborne multiple threat IR countermeasures system using a
modulated sapphire jamming source to provide protection. It is
pod-mounted and can be configured with a ram-air turbine to
provide operation independent of the aircraft. Also known
internationally as MIRTS. Northrop Grumman
AN/AAQ-24(V) Nemesis
xs
US/UK Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) system
for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters for protection from IR
missiles. Integrates warning, tracking and jamming functions.
Northrop Grumman ESSS’s AN/AAR-54 passively detects missile
plume energy, tracks multiple energy sources and classifies
each as a lethal missile, non-lethal missile or clutter. A
Rockwell-developed fine track sensor 256 X 256 staring array
that produces an image of the missile which is processed to
allow NEMESIS to lock the IR jamming beam onto the missile.
Turret formats are optimised for helicopter or fixed-wing
applications. Multiple turrets can be used on large aircraft.
Northrop Grumman/BAE SYSTEMS Avionics
AN/ALQ-144A
s
Family of IR jammers for helicopters using heated and modulated
graphite IR source. ALQ-144A variants offered as upgrades to
older ‘Basic and ‘VE’ units. ALQ-144A (V)1 is standard version;
(V)3 adds an on/off switch for RF countermeasures; (V)5 is a
dual phase-locked (V)1 with a jam code selector switch;
ALQ-144A+ is a more powerful version of the (V)1; ALQ-144A+(5)
is a more powerful version of dual phase-locked A+. Weighs <14
kg. FOV 360 deg azimuth. Transmitter dimensions are 241 x 241 x
336 mm. BAE SYSTEMS North America
AN/ALQ-157
x
IR jammer for transport aircraft and large helicopters against Band I,
II and III IR missiles. More than 700 in service on more than 10
aircraft types. Comprises an IR lamp-based transmitter, control power
supply, electromagnetic interference filter assembly and aircrew
control indicator. In-flight selection of five pre-programmed jamming
codes. System weighs 218 lb. BAE SYSTEMS North America
AN/ALQ-204(V) LANCIR
x
Upgrade to the Matador (below) giving it directional IRCM
capability to counter more advanced IR guided missiles. BAE
AN/ALQ-204(V) Matador
x
Active IR jammer for large jet transports. Consists of multiple
transmitters, controller unit and operator’s controller. Operator’s
controller handles 1 to 12 transmitters, incorporating system
status display. 360 deg azimuth coverage. Individual transmitters
contain a 4 to 12 kW IR source. Contains pre-programmed
multi-threat jamming codes. BAE SYSTEMS North America
24
s
Semiconductor Infrared
Laser Countermeasures
(SILC)
s xz
Laser IRCM system designed for all types of
aircraft. Designed to work with any missile
approach warning system capable of extremely
accurate angle of arrival calculation. BAE
SYSTEMS North America.
AN/ALQ-224
Retrievable fiber-optic towed decoy system designed for large
aircraft. BAE SYSTEMS North America
Challenger IRCM
c
Low-cost omnidirectional IR jammer for light battlefield
helicopters. Two external transmitter units (ETUs) covering 360
deg in azimuth. BAE SYSTEMS North America
Defensive Avionics Receiver Transmitter
(DART)
ns x z
Supersonic qualified fine track sensor and DIRCM transmitter
head for use with multi-band laser. Marketed for multiple
platforms including fast jets, transports, helicopters and ground
vehicles. Features fixed, faceted dome and a high torque gimbal
drive for fast slew and settle performance. Laid onto incoming
missile by missile approach warner such as AAR-57. Also acts as
multi-function precision acquisition, pointing and tracking unit.
Dimensions: 150 mm in diameter, 274 mm high, 8 kg weight.
System control unit requires one ATR box weighing 15.8 kg. BAE
SYSTEMS
Improved Self Defence System (ISDS)
x
Infrared jamming system for large aircraft, usually consisting of
one modulated IR transmitter per engine. Protects against a
variety of IR missiles. System including control units and a
single transmitter weighs 33.36 kg with 29.5 kg for each extra
transmitter. Also available in a pod. BAE SYSTEMS North
America
JAM-AIR
s
Directional Infra-Red Counter-Measures (DIRCM), with high
power jamming energy against all IR missiles. Very fast and
accurate dual axis electro-optic beam. Lightweight and cost
effective, optimised for helicopters. Rafael Electronic Systems
Division
JETEYE
x
A directional IRCM system being developed to provide
protection to commercial aircraft against the threat of infrared
guided missiles. The JETEYE system’s design is based on the
Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures (ATIRCM) system,
developed to protect military aircraft. A major focus of the
18-month program included working closely with experts from
the commercial airline industry to ensure the system fits into
the existing commercial airline infrastructure. BAE SYSTEMS
North America
QRC 84-02A
xz
Quick Reaction Contract 84-02 IRCM systems is a multi-threat
IR jammer for jet, fighter and transport aircraft, powered by a
ram air turbine. Northrop Grumman Corp
SPS-141 Gvozdika
z
Airborne IR jammer fitted to the MiG-27 Flogger.
TADIRCM/Agile Eye
Directional IR countermeasures system with low
profile, low drag and weight for tactical aircraft
applications. Compatible with both UV and IR
missile warning systems. System integration and
verification tests are complete for both
hardware and software, including with a
two-colour IR missile warning system. It has
been flight tested on a P3 and completed live
firing tests on cable cars (jammed three SAMs and 2 AAMs) and
on a QF4 droned Phantom. BAE SYSTEMS Information and
Electronic Warfare Systems
Viper mid-IR laser
cz
Modular, compact all-band laser for IRCM applications developed
by Northrop Grumman and Fibertek for the Nemesis DIRCM
family. Said to be capable of jamming ‘virtually all field IR
missiles’, it uses 320W of electrical power, weighs under 10 lb in
a package two inches high. Selected for CV-22 tiltrotor and
Australian Wedgetail AEW aircraft. Northrop Grumman
Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division
LASER WARNING
RECEIVERS
ALTAS
» A UK Royal Air Force E3 Sentry, one of a fleet of seven, which
is due for a mid-life update to its systems including EW
equipment. (photo: tony osborne)
Series 1223 Laser Warning
Receiver
sxvn
Fully programmable multi-role LWR providing detection and
identification of laser rangefinders, trackers, designators and
beam-riders in the 0.4 to 1.7mm bands. Optimised channel for
beamrider detection. Covers 360 deg azimuth by +/-45 deg
elevation. Offers better than 15 deg azimuth DoA accuracy. Able
to function as part of an integrated DAS or as a stand-alone
system. Integrated into HIDAS on UK and export Apaches.
Suitable for naval vessels. SELEX Sensors and Airborne
Systems
Type 491
zxsm
The ALTAS Advanced Laser Threat Alerting System is a passive
system designed to detect, track and warn of hostile laser
sources aiming at the platform. ALTAS permits easy installation
and integration on all flying military platforms. ALTAS detects
laser sources within the laser bands. This provides for the
detection of all laser range finders and laser target designators.
ALTAS delivers all parameters required to initiate very effective
counter-measures. To reduce integration efforts and space
requirements, all processing activities are performed within the
sensor heads; no separate processing unit is required. ALTAS
can be easily integrated into higher level electronic warfare
suites using standard interfaces. EADS Airborne Systems
LWS-20V-3
sz
Laser warner for helicopters and attack aircraft. Power
source 28 VDC (MIL-STD-704); power consumption 120W; weight
6.5 kg; MIL-E-5400 Class I, B; onboard laser source blanking;
RS-422, MUX BUS (option), Pentium processor. Elisra Electronic
Systems Ltd
z
Laser warner Eurofighter Typhoon. Six-sensors provide
spherical coverage and simultaneous multiple source
threat-detection; spectral response 0.4 to 1.5 µm; detects both
single shot and continuous wave sources. SELEX Sensors and
Airborne Systems
MISSILE LAUNCH
DETECTORS & APPROACH
WARNERS
AAR-57
sz
The AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System (CMWS) consists
of four or six missile warning sensors, depending on coverage
around the aircraft, and an ECU. Sensors detect the launch and
motor-burn of an approaching missile, providing warning to the
crew and automatically dispensing IR flares. It is also a missile
warning subsystem for the AN/ALQ-212 ATIRCM/CMWS onboard
IR countermeasures system. BAE SYSTEMS North America
25
AIR » Missile launch detectors and approach warners
AAR-60 MILDS
sxz
MILDS AN/AAR-60 is a passive imaging missile warning system.
It operates in the ultraviolet “solar blind” (UVSB) spectrum and
receives the radiation emitted from an approaching missile
exhaust plume. The MILDS staring receiver concept provides
maximum detection probability combined with a high MTBF as
no moving parts are used. The AN/AAR-60 can handle up to
eight threats simultaneously. To reduce integration effort and
space requirements all processing is done within the
sensorheads, no separate processing unit is necessary. MILDS
can be installed either self-contained, only connected to a
Chaff/Flare Dispensing system and a control panel or can be
easily integrated into higher level Electronic Warfare suites
using standard interfaces. In production for NH90 and Tiger
helicopters. Proposed for several other Helicopters. EADS
Dornier GmbH, MBDA
ALQ-156(V)
sxz
Pulse Doppler radar missile detection system for tactical aircraft
and helicopters. Provides time-to-go cue to optimise use of
expendables. Receiver/transmitter measures 518 x 259 x 193
mm and weighs 22.5 kg. Accuracy +/- 4.5 deg. Model 156A
developed for US Navy tactical aircraft. Weight 20.5 kg with a
power requirement 360W. BAE SYSTEMS North America
AN/AAR-47
sx
Passive electro-optical missile approach warning system for
helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Consists of a computer
processor, control indicator and four optical sensor converters.
Alliant is developing upgrade kits to cut noise and false alarms,
boost sensitivity and range, improve detection efficiency and
extend temperature range, reliability. Total weight of system
20.5 kg. BAE SYSTEMS North America/Alliant Defense
Electronics Systems
AN/AAR-54(V)
sxn
Passive IR missile warning system developed under US/UK
directional IRCM programme. Can be fitted to a wide variety of
platforms, such as tactical aircraft, helicopters, transports and
armoured fighting vehicles. Adaptive and modular, it consists of
up to six wide field-of-view sensors for spherical coverage, and
an electronic unit. It has very fine angle of arrival discrimination
and provides all-weather protection. It can cope with dense
electromagnetic clutter environments and multiple
simultaneous targets. Northrop Grumman
DDM
Missile detector in service on Mirage 2000 and Rafale. Also
known under the acronym of SAMIR. The system is capable of
detecting the “infrared signature” of the missile during its
propulsion phase while rejecting background clutter. Highly
sophisticated algorithms allow a very low false alarm rate, while
providing a long detection range. DDM has two IR sensors;
providing passive and covert IR threat detection; with
panoramic coverage. 360 deg in azimuth; location accuracy:
better than 2 deg. MBDA
EL/M-2160 Missile Approach
Warning System
xc
An airborne Missile Approach Warning System that provides
reliable warning of missile attack for timely activation of
countermeasures to protect the platform by diverting the missile
to increase the aircraft survivability. Installed on C-130, C-160,
F-27 and VIP aircraft and helicopters. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd
26
HOFIN
s
Hostile Fire Indicator, passive acoustic small arms/AA fire
detector for helicopters. Audible warning. Comprises sensor
array, computer unit and indicator unit together weighing < 6 kg.
MS Instruments PLC
IRIS-400
x
A passive, imaging infrared missile warning system developed
for the A400M military transport aircraft. Provides the highest
levels of reliability and safety owing to its large detection range,
spherical field of view and advanced software that is fully
programmable by the user. Completely integrated to the
Defensive Aids Subsystem. MBDA
LIP
zs
Active, possibly pulse doppler, missile approach warner for
helicopters including Kamov Ka-29, Mil Mi-24 and slow jets such
as the Sukhoi SU-25.
LO-82 Mak-UL
z
Thought to be an ultra-violet missile launch detection or
approach warning system for strike aircraft such as Sukhoi Su-24.
MILDS
s
MILDS comprises four to six highly evolved detectors providing
high resolution and high sensitivity without the need for special
cooling. Can be fully integrated into existing countermeasure
systems or integrated with directed IR countermeasures. Can
also be installed as a stand alone system capable of activating a
decoy system. In production for the NH-90 and Tigre
helicopters. MBDA
Multi-Image Multi-Spectral (MIMS) TwoColour Missile Warning Sensor
m
Missile warning sensor purported to offer an optimum
combination of an IR sensor’s long range and a UV sensor’s
clutter rejection capability. Uses two IR bands to discriminate
between missile and clutter IR signatures. Offered for both
airborne and ground platforms. Northrop Grumman Electronic
Systems Defensive Systems Division
MWS-20
cx
Active missile approach warner for helicopter (MWS-20 H) and
transport Aircraft (MWS-20 TA) applications. Comprises a
transceiver/processor unit, four antennas and a cockpit display
control box. Provides 360 deg angular coverage and performs
direction of arrival, time to impact and missile range, speed and
bearing calculations on passive, active and semi-active
surface-to-air, air-to-air, anti-shipping and anti-radiation missiles
that use radar, infra-red, laser, fibre optic or wire guidance.
Active technology minimises false alarm rates, provides
all-weather capability and insensitivity to decoys. Weight < 10 kg.
Passive Airborne Warning
System (PAWS)
sz
IR sensor-based missile approach warner accurate enough to
cue a Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) turret. Has
a multi-threat warning capability with a time-to-impact
estimation ability and an accurate approach direction indication.
Can automatically trigger a countermeasures dispenser.
Individual sensor units weigh 4.4 kg each with dimensions of 132
x 187 x 365 mm. Processor weighs 9 kg and is 203 x 369 x 127
mm in size. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
There are other ways to test a self protection system.
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EW Systems in the market. Take advantage of the
other unique advantages missim has to offer: It is
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20 metres. Up to 255 free programmable scenarios and possibility of simulating weapon systems
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second to none.
RUAG Aerospace
Aircraft and Defence Systems · P.O. Box 301 · 6032 Emmen · Switzerland
Tel. +41 412 682 081 · Fax +41 412 683 995 · [email protected] · www.ruag.com
E XCELLENCE IN QUALIT Y – FOR YOUR SAFE T Y AND SECURIT Y
AIR » Missile launch detectors and approach warners
z
Active Pulse Doppler missile approach warner fitted to RAF
Harrier GR7. Transmit/receive unit measuring 15 x 24 cm and
weighing 5.5 kg. Signal processing unit with dimensions of 327 x
125 x 160 mm with a weight of 7 kg. Active array main and
radome antenna 21 x 10 cm, weighing 0.55 kg. Small blade
antennas unit measures 150 x 100 x 50 mm, weighing <0.5 kg.
SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
Tail Warning Function (TWF) radar
z
Pulse doppler radar designed to detect incoming missiles in tail
sector of aircraft and initiates countermeasures. Has completed
a series of tests by the USAF at low altitudes and high speeds
over both land and water. Throughout these tests, says EDO, the
radar exceeded specified missile detection rates with very low
false alarm rates. EDO Corporation
ALQ-131(V)
z
Software controlled radar detector and jammer installed on
early Mirage 2000 strike fighters. Covers the 6 to 20 GHz
frequency band. Warns pilot of threats and starts most
appropriate jamming technique. Thales Airborne Systems
m
Communications band noise jammer for UAVs and manned
aircraft. Covers 1.5 to 1,200 MHz , puts out 30 Watts and weighs
1.5 kg. Dimensions 160 x 220 x 50 mm. Kintex
Airborne Communications
Jamming Payload
m
Designed to cope with modern threats (eg free channel search,
frequency, hopping, burst); activated over the mission area in
flight; jamming coverage enhanced with a deployable antenna.
Weight 12.5 kg dimensions 370 x 220 x 210 mm. Thales
Airborne Systems
AN/ALQ-99
z
Fully-integrated, computer-controlled support jamming system,
main payload of EA6B Prowler, upgraded version will equip
EA-18 ‘Growler’. Intercepts and automatically processes radar
signals and jams diverse threats with very high effective
radiated power. Significantly reduces the detection range of EW,
ground controlled intercept and acquisition emitters. Delays
strike group position information to ‘shooters’. Reduces fire
control emitters tracking range. Forces fire control emitters into
autonomous target acquisition mode. Reduces ‘shooters’
engagement window. EDO Corporation
ALQ-126B Deception ECM (DECM) system
z
The self-protection radar jammer for F-15. Band 3 subsystem
was first deployed on F-15C aircraft as part of Desert Shield/
Storm in the early 1990s and continually upgraded. The F-15E
has ALQ-135 Band 1.5 and Band 3 subsystems providing
full-frequency capability against pulse, pulse Doppler and
continuous wave threats. Production now focused on Band 1.5.
Northrop Grumman Corp
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xsz
Self-protection jammer used by three US military services and
allied nations. Installed internally on many helicopters, inside
the ALQ-164 pod on AV-8B, and inside a wing pylon on F-16 and
F/A-18. The current production ALQ-162(V)6 counters
sophisticated continuous wave (CW) and pulse Doppler (PD)
radars. Northrop Grumman Corp
RADIO FREQUENCY
JAMMERS
AJ-XX
ALQ-135
ALQ-162
ABD 2000
xz
Self-protection jammer pod used by the US Air Force and 11
other countries to protect F-16, A-10 and F-4 aircraft. Current
initiatives include completing Block II upgrades of international
pods and beginning mid-life update activities. Northrop
Grumman Corp
© 2008 Northrop Grumman Corporation
PVS 2000
z
Multi-mode, power-managed deceptive ECM system designed to
counter pulse-radar threats over the 2- to 18 GHz frequency
range. Capable of a wide variety of deception jamming
techniques including inverse conical scanning, range gate pull
off, swept square wave and main lobe blanking. Dimensions 411 x
270 x 609 mm, weighs 86.3 kg. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALQ-164 Deception ECM (DECM)
z
Pulse and CW radar jamming pod fitted to US, Italian and
Spanish AV-8s. Dimensions 216 x 44.5 x 40.6 cm, weighs 188 kg.
Covers G-J bands. Power 115 V, 400 Hz AC 3 kVA. BAE
ALQ-165 (ASPJ)
z
Internal self-protection radar jammer fitted to US Navy and US
Marine Corps F-14Ds and F/A-18 C/Ds, slated for deployment on
US Navy F/A-18 E/Fs as part of IDECM Blk I. Used by several
export customers on F-16 Cs and F/A-18 C/Ds. Northrop
Grumman Corp and ITT
ALQ-167(V)
sz
Manual or fully-automatic podded noise and deception jamming
system. Yellow Veil in UK RN service. Fitted with either single
crystal video or dual system with both crystal video and
superheterodyne search receivers. Continuous fore and aft
coverage in 2 – 18 GHz range. Multiple manufacturers, EDO
Corporation is latest identified
ALQ-178(V)
z
Internally-mounted integrated radar warning and jamming
system for fast jets (F-16). Continuous wideband
superheterodyne RWR. Separate forward and aft jammers.
Automatic countermeasures dispensing. Display shows threat
radar type and direction. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALQ-184(V) ECM pod
xz
Podded radar jamming system for fighter aircraft, Multibeam
system using Rotman lenses; high-gain antennas; medium
power mini-TWT; crystal video receivers and signal processor;
DF on all received signals; instantaneous RF signal processing
wide open in angle and frequency; selective directional high
effective radiated power against multiple emitters. RAYTHEON
COMPANY
=D=;LJGFA;O9J>9J=& It
is now possible to accelerate legacy
electronic warfare systems ahead a full generation with a straightforward
modular upgrade. Next Generation EW technologies from Northrop Grumman
employ open architecture and digital building blocks to deliver maximum
flexibility, accelerating combat capabilities. By mixing and matching
components, fighting capacities are mission customized. With over fifty
years of experience, backed by legendary support, Northrop Grumman
delivers critical performance advantages in complex frequency environments.
www.northropgrumman.com
28
AIR » Radio frequency jammers
ALQ-187
z
The internally mounted ALQ-187, in association with an RWR, is
a fully integrated, power managed, electronic countermeasures
system. The jamming system interfaces with the RWR for threat
identification and power management and operates in concert
with the aircraft’s chaff/flare dispenser. It can counter multiple
pulse, pulse Doppler and continuous waveform threats including
surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft artillery and air-to-air
weapons. RAYTHEON COMPANY
ALQ-202(V)
z
Internally-mounted autonomous radar SPJ for fast jets.
Superheterodyne-based receiver technology provides frequency
selectivity, sensitivity and intra-pulse capabilities. BAE
AN/ALQ-136
cs
Exportable, automatic, power-managed radar jammer system
designed to provide protection for attack helicopters and
special operations aircraft. The enhanced ALQ-136(V)2 traces its
lineage to the ALQ-136(V)1/5 combat-proven in Desert Storm.
US Army aviation officials reported the ‘outstanding
performance’ of the ALQ-136 as a primary contributor to
mission success. Deployed on AH-64 Apache and AH-1 Cobra
attack helicopters. ITT Industries, Avionics Division
AN/ALQ-184(V)9 ECM Pod with
Towed Decoy
z
Combines the combat-proven ALQ-184 ECM Pod with the
ALE-50 Towed Decoy System. Selectively directs high power
jamming against multiple emitters. The ALE-50 lures
radar-guided missiles away from the host aircraft. Dual
redundant 1553B interfaces increase ability to communicate
with host aircraft and other onboard systems. Uses proven
ALM-233 support equipment. RAYTHEON COMPANY
AN/ALQ-165 ASPJ
z
Combat-proven electronic countermeasures system for tactical
aircraft. Internally-mounted jamming protects against multiple,
simultaneous modern radar-guided threats. Approved for
export. International customers include Finland, Switzerland
(F-18s) and Republic of Korea (F-16). ITT Industries, Avionics
Division
AN/ALQ-172(V)
x
Combat-proven electronic countermeasures system for B-52
bomber and Special Operations C-130s. Protects against
multiple pulse, pulse Doppler, continuous wave threats
simultaneously. Counters monopulse radars. Enhanced
ALQ-172(V)3 for US Air Force’s Special Operations AC-130H
gunships will provide extended frequency coverage. Another
upgrade will provide US Air Force Special Operations AC-130U
gunship and MC-130E/H Combat Talon I/II aircraft with improved
reliability, more memory and flight-line reprogrammability. ITT
Industries, Avionics Division
AN/ALQ-218
New EW receiver suite for the ALQ-99 now in engineering and
manufacturing development (EMD) phase. Will replace current
receiver subsystem on ALQ-99s carried by US Navy Prowlers.
Draws on state-of-the-art technologies to provide precise
passive radar threat detection, identification, geolocation and
jammer control. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
Defensive Systems Division
30
Radio frequency jammers « AIR
ARI 23246 Sky Shadow
z
Fully autonomous radar jamming pod fitted to UK and Saudi IDS
Tornados, capable of countering multiple simultaneous threats.
Software programmable threat library. Automatic power
management. Modular construction allows for differing
operational configurations. Length (approx) 3.35 m and
diameter 38 cm. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
BEL
z
Miniature expendable radar jamming decoy designed to counter
CW, pulsed and pulse Doppler radar threats such as active and
semi-active missile seekers, even those using ECCM techniques
such as monopulse direction finding. Fits standard dispensers.
Thales Airborne Systems and Etienne Lacroix
ELT/555 FAMILY
ELT/558 FAMILY
The ELT/558 family of low band jammers is designed for
effective self-protection of fighter aircraft and combat
helicopters. Systems ensure platform protection using Jamming
and Deception of Search / Scanning, Acquisitions & Tracking
and TWS radars, as well as Fire Control /CW illuminators. The
systems have been installed in the Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft.
Elettronica SpA
BM/KG 8601, 8605, 8606 A family of self-protection jammers using noise and repeater
techniques. Southwest China Research Institute of Electronic
Equipment
BOQ X300
z
High-end jammer pod for self-protection, escort and stand-off
jamming, suitable for fast jets. Can be configured for any
combination of bands 2-6, 6-18, 18-40 GHz. Based on a modular
architecture, it can be fitted with conventional or electronically
scanned antennas. Features a self-contained, high-performance
RWR. Saab Avitronics
CAIMAN
z
Podded noise and deception jammer for fast jets to protect
groups of strike aircraft. Two pre-programmed jammers put out
several kW against low frequency emitters, and nearly 1 kW
against I band emitters. Manual, semi-automatic and automatic
modes, ram air turbine powered. Measures 595 cm x 41 cm.
Weighs 550 kg. Thales Airborne Systems
EL/L-8212 Self Protection
Jamming Pod
z
Modern and advanced jamming pod designed to enhance the
survivability of small fighter aircraft. The system includes
sophisticated receiver processor, exciter and transmitters
and housed in a lightweight low drag pod. The Pods are
installed onboard F-16, F-5, A-4 and Eastern fighters. IAI/ELTA
Systems Ltd
EL/L-8222 Self Protection
Jamming Pod
z
Modern and advanced jamming pod designed to enhance the
survivability of large fighter aircraft. The system includes
sophisticated receiver processor, exciter and transmitters and
housed in a lightweight low drag pod. The Pods are installed
onboard F-15, F-111, F-4 and Eastern fighters. IAI/ELTA Systems
Ltd
ELT/553 FAMILY x
The ELT/553 family of airborne deception jammer is designed to
provide self-protection for tactical combat aircraft covering
roles involving ground and air threats. Light or enhanced
configurations offer ideal self-protection solutions to helicopters
or large radar-cross section aircraft, respectively. The ELT/553
systems have been installed in the following platforms: Tornado,
AMX. Elettronica SpA
z
The ELT/555 family of jamming pods is self-powered, fully
automatic, designed to provide self-protection for combat
aircraft covering roles involving ground and air threats. The
systems have been installed in Mirage F1, Northrop F5, MB 339
and Hawk aircraft. Elettronica SpA
GSY 1501
x
Modular communications band ESM and jamming system
covering 20 to 1,000 MHz and optionally down to 1.5 MHz New
capabilities and extra operators can be added. Jammers can put
out more than 1kW of RF power. Installed in South African Air
Force Boeing 707-344C. EADS Airborne Systems
J/ALQ-8
z
Radar jammer for F-15J. Operates in three bands: 1- 4, 4 – 8 and
y7.5 – 18 GHz and interfaces with the J/APR-4A. Mitsubishi
Electric Corp
Long Star ASJ
s
Escort Jamming System with sensitive and highly-directional
full-mission coverage receiver; capable of performing ELINT and
non-lethal/lethal SEAD missions; effective radiated power is
consistent with army radar burnthrough needs. Modularity
provides rapid installation and transmitters whose frequency
coverage can be tailored for specific missions. Rafael
Electronic Systems Division
Multi-Beam Array Transmitter (MBAT),
Airborne
A family of high-effective-radiated-power compact solid state or
travelling wave tube transmitters described as suitable for any
mission. Size, ERP and spatial coverage tailored to specific
platform and mission requirements, but off-the-shelf
configurations are available. Uses high-speed electronic beam
steering to jam several threats simultaneously. Frequency
coverage described as ‘wide’. Can also be adapted to shipboard
requirements. RAFAEL
PAJ-FA
z
Pod-mounted, wideband, automatic, radar detector/jammer for
fast jets. Has programmable threat library. Upgraded version of
the Barem system. Can use multiple independent jamming
techniques. Weighs 85 kg. Thales Airborne Systems
RAVEN
x
The RF Airborne Volumetric Electronic Neutralization (RAVEN)
is an integrated airborne electronic warfare system designed to
perform multiple types of ECM and jamming missions. It is
designed to take advantage of larger business jet platforms,
such as the Challenger, Embraer and Gulfstream aircraft, which
provide ample space and prime power to enable simultaneous
high ERP jamming in multiple radar and communications bands.
RAVEN provides the flexibility of full band coverage in a single
multi-band mission-capable system that can take on a mixed
» A US Navy Aircraft Ordnanceman prepares LUU 2B/B flares
for loading onto F/A-18C strike fighters. (us navy)
tasking including, SIGINT, SOJ, and threat spoofing. Frequency
coverage: 30 MHz to 18.25 GHz. A business jet fitted with the
RAVEN can fly the following missions without changing
hardware or operating software: Air defence radar network
suppression – SOJ, air defence communications network
disruption – SOJ, suppression – SOJ, naval task force RF sensor
and communications collection. SIGINT. Telemus
Samovar
z
Programmable responsive stand-off noise jammer in a pod.
Covers 8-16 Ghz. Developed to protect Norwegian F-16s
launching Penguin anti-ship missiles. Automatically identifies
and responds to threats and generates CW, interrupted CW and
pulsed jamming. Kongsberg Gruppen AS, Norwegian Defence
Research establishment
Sky-Shield support jammer system
z
Single-pod escort or stand-off radar jamming system to protect
combat aircraft from radar threats on the ground. Advanced
technique generator implements both noise and time
techniques, some unique to support jamming. Offers both
autonomous and controlled operational modes to detect,
collect, measure, identify and jam threat radars. Features
hemispheric coverage, high-res terrestrial dual axis DF. Modular
multi-beam array transmitters provide wide frequency coverage.
Wide bandwidth Digital Radio Frequency Measurement (DRFM)
receivers are fully programmable for pulse recording and
repeating etc. Solid state array transmitters provide high
effective radiated power, high MTBF, modularity, compactness,
says Rafael. RAFAEL
31
AIR » Radio frequency jammers
Sorbtsya-S
z
Active radar jamming systems for fast jets. Possible use in
co-operative jamming role or as provisional jamming cover for
unprotected aircraft in formation. Russian industry
SPIDER
z
Expendable active radar jamming decoy also known as the
Leurre Electromagnetique Actif (LEA). Fired from standard
decoy dispensers to counter coherent missile homing heads and
monopulse trackers. Under development. MBDA, Thales
Airborne System
SPJ-20
sz
Self-protection radar jammer for fixed-wing aircraft and
helicopters. Engages the following ECM techniques: range and
velocity gate pull off, AM, false targets and noise. Utilises CW
repeater, pulse repeater, 2 RF sources as ECM resources.
Frequency range of 6 – 18 Ghz (with option of 2-18 GHz by adding
Power Amplifiers). Weighs 42 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
SPJ-40
z
Self-protection radar warning and jamming system for fighter
aircraft that includes wideband reception and transmission, high
effective radiated power (ERP), wide angular coverage, high
sensitivity, multi-threat capability and coupling with a
countermeasures dispensing system. Forms the active part of
Elisra’s ASPS. Weight 40 kg (without Transmitters). Elisra
Electronic Systems
SPS-150 Lyutik
Self-protection jammer for MiG 25 RB.
SPS-160 GERAN
SPJ for Su-24 Fencers (GERAN-F) and Su-27 Flankers.
SPS-170
Family of SPJs for Su-34 and Su-35.
SY 1500
z
z
z
z
Communications jamming system capable of airborne, land or
maritime operation. Deployed by South African Air Force in Oryx
helicopters. Covers 20-500 MHz band in two parts: 20-100 and
100-500. EADS Airborne Systems
Tactical Radar Electronic Combat
System (T-RECS)
Modular and scalable integrated electronic combat system that
provides electronic surveillance, radar warning, self-protection
radar jamming, escort and stand-off jamming, and other EW
functions. Incorporates an array of technologies including
digital receiver and exciter and miniature microwave power
module transmitters. Northrop Grumman Corp
zm c
Tactical Radar Jammer (TRJ)
TARAN
z
Airborne radio navigation and communication (particularly IFF)
jammer covering 0.5-2 GHz frequency range. Reportedly installed
in Spanish Air Force Dassault Falcon 20 jets. INDRA DTD
TSPJ
z
Tornado Self Protection Jammer. Podded jamming and
deception system, operational on German Tornados and
adaptable to other aircraft in comparable roles. Software control
allows the generation of many different jamming techniques
without hardware changes. Based on a Digital Radio Frequency
Memory (DRFM) module, TSPJ can operate alone or be
triggered by a RWR. Designed to counter both coherent and
non-coherent radars. EADS, ELTA
RADAR WARNING
RECEIVERS
ALQ-155(V)
x
Subsystem that integrates the ALR-46 RWR and ALT-28 jammer
aboard the Boeing B52H. Performs power management
functions and accurate frequency set-on for jammers. Upgrade
incorporated components from ALQ-135 and -165 jammers.
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems
Division
ALR-45 and ALR-45F
z
Radar warning and countermeasures control system for fast jets
(F-14). Crystal video receiver. Reprogrammable software.
ALR-46(V)
x
Digital radar threat warning system. Utilises 2 to 18 GHz crystal
video receiver and a reprogrammable digital processor. Visual
and audio warning. Capable of feeding 16 processed emitters
simultaneously to jammer, missile seeker or data collection
system. Modular design allows analysis of CW emitters and also
performance in C/D band direction-finding. Northrop Grumman
– formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc
ALR-56A/C
xz
Advanced RWR incorporating four DF receivers (one per
high-band quadrant antenna), C/D band superheterodyne
receiver/power supply, controller, and an analysis processor
interacting with a control panel and an azimuth indicator via a
MIL-STD-1553B bus. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALR-67(V)3 RADAR WARNING RECEIVER
z
Advanced digital receiver currently deployed on US Navy
F/A-18E/F aircraft. Provides accurate, unambiguous threat
warning and emitter identification. Sophisticated, lightweight
RWR combines fully channelized receiver architecture with the
processing power of dual COTS Power PC G4 processors.
RAYTHEON COMPANY
z
ALR-87
z
Advanced radar threat warning system for fighters, procured by
Swiss Air Force. C-J band frequency coverage (extensions
provided). Incorporates quadrant channelised crystal video,
distributed narrowband superhetrodyne and immediate
frequency measurements. EDO Corporation
xz
17/4/08
x
Frequency coverage of 0.5 – 18 GHz. Low-phase noise,
synthesised tuners. Automatic mm wave activity detection.
Programmable acquisition thresholds. Built-in LIFM. MIL-SPEC
airborne or ground-based receiver/DF system. Integrated
antenna/receiver control and display. Digitally refreshed
multi-mode DF and scan display. Programmable scan and DF
thresholds. EDO Corporation
New all-digital receiver currently in development for fighter and
transport aircraft. Compact package that is substantially lighter
in weight and lower in cost than comparable systems. Advanced
tactical targeting techniques also in development.
RAYTHEON COMPANY
12248 MTTS ElecWarfareAd V3.qxp:Layout 1
ALR-81(V)1 and ALR-81(V)3
Digital RWR for Luftwaffe F-4s. Utilising Applied Technology
Advanced Computer. A wide-open, crystal video field
programmable system. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton
ALR-69A(V) Radar Warning
Receiver
xz
RWR system for fast jets and transports. Activates
countermeasures automatically. Warning and DF on CW signals,
frequency measurements on pulse signals for ambiguity
resolution, threat antenna scan combined with rate analysis
dedicated jammer frequency for management of jammer power
and blanking functions. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton
66A(V)1: high sensitivity crystal radio receiver. Covers 2 – 20
GHz, 360 deg azimuth. Weight 27 kg. 66B(V)3: Crystal video
receiver. Protects against all pulsed radar. Weight 87.3 kg.
16:24
Page 1
confuse your enemy
ECM Components + Systems
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ALR-62(V)
ALR-69(V)
s
z
RWR for F-15s that interfaces with ALQ-135 jammer to form
Tactical EW System. Contains processor/low-band receiver,
high-band receiver IP-6968 display, power supply, C-9429
control unit, a TEWS controller and an antenna array. 56C:
digitally controlled. Dual channel superheterodyne receiver
covering E-J bands. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALR-56M(V)
ALR-66(V) family of RWRs and
ESM systems
ALR-68(V)
Radar jamming system for both support jamming and
self-protection of UAVs, helicopters and light tactical aircraft.
Part of T-RECS (below). Covers 0.5-18 GHz with 0.1-40 GHz as an
option. Power output 10W at 0.5-18 GHz and 100W at 6-18 GHz,
weight 46.3 kg. Northrop Grumman
32
Radar warning receivers « AIR
z
RWR for F-111 fast jets. System consists of complete antenna set,
forward aft receivers, digital processor and cockpit threat
indicator/countermeasures control units. Northrop Grumman
– formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc
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Mini, Midi and Standard TWTs
Compact TWT Amplifiers
Multi-octave frequency coverage
High-reliability microprocessors and data converters
Ultra-rugged construction
Customised packaging solutions
Tel: +44 (0) 1245 493493
www.e2v.com
33
AIR » Radar warning receivers
ALR-93(V)1
smxz
RWR and ESM system. Contiguous over 0.5 – 20 GHz frequency
range. Independent co-operative, amplified crystal vide, IFM,
SHR receiver tyes. 360 deg azimuth coverage. Actioned against
pulsed radars (pulsed Doppler included) CW, ICW, LPI, jitter/
stagger, pulse compression, frequency agile and agile-agile
radar types. Weight 49.3 kg. Northrop Grumman – formerly
Litton Advanced Systems Inc
ALR-93(V)2, 3, 4
msxz
ESM systems based on ALR-93(V)1 threat warning system.
Offers positive threat identification, over-the-horizon detection/
passive targeting (aided by precise parameter measurement and
direction finding to 1 – 3 deg), passive ranging, instantaneous
emitter and platform classification, threat avoidance, automatic
parameter display and pulse analysis. Northrop Grumman –
formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc
ALR-94
z
x
RWR selected for the F-22 Raptor. BAE SYSTEMS North America
ALR-733 FAMILY
Family of ESM systems designed to provide surveillance,
ELINT–type signal analysis and data-collection for post-mission
analysis while securing RWR functionality. ALR-733 family fulfills
the operational requirements for maritime patrol applications
as well as AEW&C missions. Systems are onboard the ATR-42,
the NH90 (NFH) helicopter, the EH101 and Embraer 145
platforms. Systems are being upgraded with digital receiver
enhancements and NCO functions. Elettronica SpA
ALR-2002
sz
RWR for F-111 strike aircraft, F/A-18 tactical fighter and S-70A
helicopter. Standard frequency range coverage, expansion
capability to mm wave and EW suite controller. Emitter types:
CW, low and high PRF, PD and complex. 2002A: (F111) total
system weight 60 kg. 2002B: (F/A-18) and 2002D (S-70) weight
<40 kg. BAE SYSTEMS (Australia)
AN/ALQ-78
x
Pylon-mounted ESM system for maritime patrol aircraft. 3
Automatically detects radar signals, measures parameters and
bearings and passes information to central data processor. BAE
AN/ALQ-210 ESM Situational Awareness and
Threat Warning (ICON) FHELI
The AN/ALQ-210 ESM system performs situational awareness
and threat warning, including geo-location (interferometer
based). The system is designed with an open architecture in
order to accommodate scalable functionality. The flexibility of
the AN/ALQ-210 architecture has been proven through variants
that have demonstrated Specific Emitter Identification, digital
modulation analysis and frequency extension. Multiple IF
detection bandwidths optimize signal detection in the presence
of interference signals (on and off-board). AOA accuracies are
commensurate with interferometer techniques. A downloadable
system dwell strategy/emitter library is re-programmable using
a PC based tool set. The AN/ALQ-210 ESM system has
successfully completed operational flight testing and is in
production. An AN/ALQ-210 ESM variant system also exists and
includes additional capability such as, frequency extension,
enhanced ID capability and antenna calibration PROM.
Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego
34
AN/ALQ-217 Situational Awareness
System x
The AN/ALQ-217 ESM system is a variant of the AN/ALQ-210
adapted for large, fixed-wing aircraft, providing a broad
situational awareness capability. The system performs passive
emitter detection, identification, and location. To provide high
detection sensitivity, the system includes switch/amplifier WRAs
to compensate for the long cable runs required on large
platforms. The core threat detection, identification, bearing
measurement, and geo-location techniques are highly similar to
those provided by the AN/ALQ-210. Additional geo-location and
enhanced emitter identification techniques are provided by the
addition of a digital IF analysis receiver. These techniques
include RF Doppler based geo-location (to supplement
long-baseline-interferometry) and enhanced ID. Further
exploitation of intentional and unintentional waveform
modulation, including Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) is a
system configuration option. A downloadable system dwell
strategy/emitter library is re-programmable using a PC based
tool set. The chassis provides several spare card slots to
accommodate spiral growth. The AN/ALQ-217 ESM system has
successfully completed operational flight testing and is in
production. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego
AN/ALR-47
z
Radar warning receiver developed for US Navy S-3 Viking ASW
aircraft. Uses twin superherodyne narrowband receivers.
System is no longer in production. Lockheed Martin Systems
Integration Owego
AN/ALR-76 x
ESM/RWR system fitted to US Navy S-3 Viking ASW aircraft.
Offers instantaneous 360 deg coverage and monopulse DF
capability. Specialises in detecting and processing very brief
radar transmissions typical of submarines. No longer in
production. BAE SYSTEMS North America
AN/ALR-91(V)3
RWR covering 0.5 to 20 GHz. Northrop Grumman – formerly
AN/APR-44(V)
sx
Small, lightweight RWR with low power consumption fitted to US
Army helicopters and special mission fixed-wing aircraft. BAE
AN/APR-46
x
High performance RWR covering 30 MHz to 18 Ghz. Fitted to
USAF MC-130 Combat Talon special forces Hercules. EDO
Corporation
AN/APR-48A
s
Radar frequency interferometer (RFI) for AH-64D Apache
Longbow attack helicopter. The AN/APR-48A detects, identifies
and locates radar emitters precisely in varying terrain and
heavy electromagnetic interference. The system weight is 29.5
lb and includes ultra-light second generation wideband antenna,
receiver and processor design with integrated RF components
using GaAs and MMIC, interferometer for precise AOA, VLSI
chip technology for monopulse parameter measurement and
digitization, and a COTS Single Board Computer with an
Operation Flight Program and emitter library for processing.
The system is capable of very accurate angle-of-arrival
measurements. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego
Mission Critical
AN/APR-50
z
Involved in the B-2 Defensive Management System (DMS) for
more than 20 years, Lockheed Martin Systems Integration –
Owego provides the AN/APR-50 electronic support measures
(ESM) system on the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber Fleet. The AN/
APR-50 is designed to protect B-2 aircrews by detecting,
identifying and locating RF Threat emitters in varying terrain
and dense electromagnetic environments. Combined with
Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego’s VLSI and GaAs
hardware technology and Advanced Threat Analysis Software,
the AN/APR-50 represents one of the most complex and
sophisticated ESM systems in the USAF. Lockheed Martin
Systems Integration – Owego
AN/ASQ-213 Harm Targeting System
z
Pod-mounted emitter location system that provides targeting
data for the AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile.
RAYTHEON COMPANY
APR-39(V)
sxz
RWR system for combat helicopters, low speed aircraft and fast
attack craft. System made up of two dual-video receivers, four
spiral cavity-backed antennas, NoE blade antenna, indicator
unit, a comparator and control unit. Frequency coverage of E, F,
G, H, I most of J bands and portions of C and D bands. Weight
3.63 kg. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced
Systems Inc
AWARE (REWARDER)
s
RWR for Lynx and Gazelle helicopters. Frequency coverage 2-18
GHz. Detects pulse, pulse doppler, CW and interrupted CW
signals. Better than 10 deg RMS bearing accuracy. Weight 13 kg.
BM/KJ 8602
z
Programmable RWR. Warns of multiple threats from pulse & CW
radars. Features automatic sorting, identification, audio alarm
and recording. Can trigger jammers, chaff, flares. China
National Electronics Import & Export Corp
BOW
The BOW family has a highly modular design with growth
potential and scalability for a long life and adaption to changing
requirements. Basic configuration the wideband receiver gives
good threat warning. Can be complemented with narrowband
receiver for better detection range for weak signals, better
selectivity in signal dense environments and increased
performance for more demanding applications. The BOW
high-end configurations include a digital receiver and
interferometer antenna arrays giving long detection range,
detailed analysis and fingerprinting of complex signals and high
performance emitter location, all for excellent performance and
ESM/ELINT capabilities. Basic frequency ranges and 360 deg
DF-coverage can be complemented with extended frequency
ranges, increased spatial coverage and dual polarisation. Saab
Avitronics
C-EAGLE
A family of integrated communications electronic support
receiver systems for ISR applications. The C-EAGLE can be used
for COMINT, communications surveillance and spectrum
monitoring. Wide frequency coverage is possible using the
C-EAGLE with systems that cover HF to SHF. Telemus
CARAPACE SPS-3000
PERFORMANCE
EW System Interconnects from TIMES MICROWAVE SYSTEMS
z
Wideband warning system for fast jets designed to detect,
identify and localise all threat radars from 0.5 to 40 GHz in a
dense electromagnetic environment. Offers pulse-to-pulse
analysis of radars at long range. DF accuracy around 1 deg.
DM/A-104
Integrated Device
Assemblies
sz
Small, light, modular wideband RWR for helicopters and
fixed-wing. Covers 2 to 18 GHz (0.5 to 2 GHz optional). Includes
four orthogonal antennas for 360° coverage, each containing
wideband crystal video receiving channels. Digital signal
processor ensures simultaneous real-time evaluation of multiple
emitters, presenting to the pilot the type, lethality level and
direction of arrival, plus audio warning. Threats classified
according to a user-programmable data base. DTS Ltda
EAGLE (Electronic Acquisition Gathering
Locating Equipment)
Multi-Port Interconnects
Vehicle
Mounted / Deployed
Antenna Feeder Cables
A family of integrated ES receiver systems for ISR and ESM
applications used for radar emitter surveillance, intercept and
analysis, ELINT, and emitter situational awareness. The EAGLE
offers highly capable receiver technology, using modern VXI
based tuners, advanced pulse processors, signal digitizers and
software-based DSP technology. Telemus
ELT/156X FAMILY
PhaseTrack™ for Critical
Phase Applications
sz
Family of light radar warning receivers designed to provide
self-protection for utility, combat aircraft and helicopters. It is
designed to detect, analyze and identify all the electromagnetic
emissions that pose a threat to the platform. For a full EW suite,
the EW controller monitors the multi-threat scenario and
coordinates the countermeasures. The systems have been
installed in the following platforms: A129, AB212, CH47, AB412,
SH3D, AB205, AMX. Elettronica SpA
EN/ALR-300V1
Military
Low Smoke Cables
Blind Mate
Antenna Solutions
z
Programmable RWR. frequency coverage C-J in five sub-bands.
Detects all pulse and CW radars. Displays 15 radars
simultaneously. 360 deg azimuth coverage. DF accuracy of
better than 12 deg RMS. Weighs 20 kg. INDRA DTD
EN/ALR-300V2
x
Computer controlled RWR. Covers C – J in four sub-bands. 360
deg azimuth coverage. Detects all pulse and CW radars. DF
accuracy of better than 12 deg RMS. Displays 15 radars
simultaneously. Weight 38 kg. INDRA DTD
EWR-99
sx
SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)
Cable Assemblies
MilTech™ Microwave
Transmission Lines
Programmable wideband RWR for helicopters and transport
aircraft. Detects CW, pulse and PD radars in dense EM
environment. Can control chaff/flare dispensers and work with
MWS-20 missile warner. Includes 4 antennas, CDU and
single-box receiver/processor. Thales Airborne Systems
World Headquarters: 358 Hall Avenue, Wallingford, CT 06492 • Tel: 203 -949 -8400, 1-800-867-2629 Fax: 203 -949 -8423
International Sales: 4 School Brae, Dysart, Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland KY1 2XB UK • Tel: +44(0)1592655428 Fax: +44(0)1592653162
China Sales: Unit A, Floor 14, East Ocean Center, No. 618 Yan’an Road East, Shanghai, China 200001 • Tel: 86-21-33184650 Fax: 86-21-53854506
36
We bring technology to life.
www.timesmicrowave.com
EWS-A AIGLE
z
RWR and countermeasures management system for fast jet
upgrades. Detects pulsed, PD and CW emitters in dense EM
environments. Offers short reaction time, confident
identification thanks to IFM and 100% POI. Weighs 10 kg. Thales
Airborne Systems
HARM Targeting System (Export) Latest version of the HTS that allows the missile to be
fired in its most effective mode – ‘range known’. RAYTHEON
COMPANY
J/APQ-1
z
Radar mounted radar and IR threat warning receiver for F-15s.
Automatic activation of countermeasures. Mitsubishi Electric
Corp
J/APR-4
z
RWR for F-15J/DJ Eagles. Processes multiple inputs
simultaneously in a dense electromagnetic environment.
Reprogrammable software package. Multi-threat data
presentation in alphanumeric and graphic format. Tokimec Inc
J/APR-4A and J/APR-4B
z
Advanced RWR for later F-15J/DJ. Multiple high speed
microprocessors with reprogrammable software. Tokimec Inc
J/APR-5, J/APR-6 and J/APR-6A
z
RWRs for RF-4E and F-4EJKai Phantoms. Similar characteristics
to J/APR-4A, but shapes, configurations and interfaces are
different, to fit specific aircraft. Tokimec Inc
J/APR-L10
s
Radar warning receiver for Japanese Ground Self Defense Force
AH-1S Cobra attack helicopters. Tokimec Inc
J/APR-L11
c
UH-60JA utility helicopters. Tokimec Inc
J/APR-L12
s
OH-1 scout helicopters. Tokimec Inc
LR-100 Multi-Function Electronic
Support Systems
mszx
Integrated self-protection systems « AIR
SPO-23
Generic features of the RWS family include full pulsed, pulse
Doppler and continuous wave (CW) handling capability.
Comprehensive Threat Library Management System (TLMS).
Various threat libraries can be selected in flight according to
mission type and/or geographical area. Memory Loading Unit
(MLU) for the loading/unloading of software on the flight line.
Full recording/playback facilities. Internal defensive aids
computer in the Electronic Warfare Controller (EWC) interface
to and control the Countermeasures Dispensing System (CMDS).
CMDS card resides in the EWC and replaces conventional CMDS
cockpit controller. RWS 300 is an ultra wide band system
covering 0.7-40GHz, RWS 50 covers 2-18GHz. Both systems are
in production and can be upgraded to include laser and missile
approach functions. Saab Avitronics
4 – 18 GHz RWR to replace SPO-15. Incorporates 2 or 4
four-beam azimuth antennas, up to 4 HF units, receiver/
processor unit and cockpit indicator unit. System claims to offer
360 deg azimuth coverage with +/- 30 deg elevation. Stated
bearing accuracy is 10 deg. Integrated threat library comprises
128 modes. Weight: 18 – 30 kg.
S-EAGLE
A family of integrated electronic support (ES) receiver systems
for SIGINT applications. The S-EAGLE can be used for radar
emitter and communications signals surveillance, intercept, and
analysis. Telemus
Sky Guardian 200
xsz
RWR system in widespread use on helicopters and fixed-wing
aircraft. Frequency coverage of 2-18 GHz in three bands.
Instantaneous 360 deg azimuth coverage. Better than 10 deg DF
accuracy. Programmable library holds more than 2,500 emitter
modes. Weight 17 kg. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
Sky Guardian 2000
xzs
Family of fully programmable, lightweight RWR and ESM
systems with digital architecture for helicopters, fixed-wing
aircraft and naval vessels. Provides high probability of detection
and identification of agile emitters in C to K bands with a low
false alarm rate. Uses advanced signal processing architectures
and algorithms to process Pulse, Pulse Doppler and CW
emissions. Library size in excess of 4,000 entries. Covers 360
deg azimuth by +/-45 deg elevation. Offers better than 10 deg
rms azimuth DoA accuracy. RWR variant can be used
stand-alone or incorporate an embedded DAS Controller for
Integrated DAS solutions. ESM variant can be fully integrated
with Seaspray radar. Enhanced Emitter Identification (EEI)
capability available growth. Offers in-flight data recording for
post-mission playback and analysis. SELEX Sensors and
Airborne Systems
SPO-2
z
Radar warning receiver fitted to Tupolev Tu-95 and Tu-95K
strategic bombers and cruise missile launchers.
SPO-10
z
z
H – J band radar warning receiver for MiG 29 and MiG 21SM
Radar Homing & Warning
Receiver (RHWR)
z
Fitted to Tornado. Designated ARI 18241/1 for the ADV and ARI
18241/2 for IDS Tornado. Enhanced DF capability, frequency
coverage 0.5 – 18 GHz. Fully programmable. SELEX Sensors
and Airborne Systems
38
SPO-15 Beryoza
Radar warning receiver for MiG 29. FoV 360 deg
SPO-3
RWR for MiG 21
SPS-1000V-5
z
z
Radar warning system for fighter and transport aircraft
incorporating a superhet IFM receiver and with a millimetre
wave option. Receives pulse, CW, High PRF and pulse doppler
signals. Weight breakdown is 15 kg superhet receiver, analyser
and CD receiver, 4 kg pilot controller and display, 9 kg antennas
and amplifier/detectors, interface to radar blank and flare/chaff
dispensing systems. Environmental conditions – MIL-E-5400,
Class II qualified. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
SPS-20
sz
Low-cost RWR. Features: Detection of search and track pulsed
radars; direction finding; interface with flare/chaff dispensers;
recording of emitter parameters during flight; wide band
acquisition; high sensitivity receiver; high probability of
intercept; fast reaction time. Frequency coverage 0.7 to 18 GHz.
Azimuth coverage 360 deg. Weight 7.5 kg. Elisra Electronic
Systems Ltd
Weight <50 lb; two channel interferometer receiver; 500 MHz
bandwidth; VME based processor; support multiple interfaces on
a VME backplane; can operate with any antenna configuration;
amplitude < 15 deg, interferometer <1 deg DF accuracy. Northrop
Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc
z
RWS-300 / RWS-50
SPS-2000
sz
Radar warning and identification system, can be integrated with
jammers. Frequency range: 0.7 to 18 GHz. Threat recognition
based on pre-programmed library. Up to 16 threats displayed
with relative bearing, lethality and emitter-type audio warning.
Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
SPS-3000 zs
RWR and ESM system. Incorporates design features based on
digital instantaneous frequency measurement, advanced
filtering and clustering firmware, high probability of intercept,
fast response times and a low false alarm rate. Forms the
passive part of Elisra’s ASPS. Weight 25 kg. Elisra Electronic
Systems Ltd
TDS -FA/ -TA / -H zxs
TDS, the Threat Detection System is a compact, userprogrammable radar warning receiver. Detects and DFs all types
of signals (continuous wave, pulsed and pulsed-doppler
emitters) in dense environments. Sensitive Instantaneous
Frequency Measurement ensures high POI and early warning.
Making use of highly miniaturised technology, TDS offers a high
level of performance while featuring minimal weight (6kg with
aerials), volume and power consumption. Thales Airborne
Systems
INTEGRATED SELFPROTECTION SYSTEMS
Advanced Capability Pod (ACaP)
z
Combat-proven self-protection pod for fast jets. Can be carried
on F-16 stations 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8. Integrated receiver uses Digital
Radio Frequency Measurement (DRFM) architecture. Receiver
data can be used for situational awareness. Low drag pod is
self-cooled, weighs 211 lb. EDO Corporation
AIRMOR
cx
A ‘fully autonomous’ and modular countermeasures Self
Protection Suite for helicopters and transport aircraft. Integrates
IMI core components and off-the-shelf items from other
suppliers. The core components are IMI’s Management & Control
Unit which processes information from both EW sensors and the
aircraft’s avionics to generate the optimum response to a
particular threat, and the Control & Display Unit. A typical Airmor
suite might have an MWS passive UV missile launch detector,
IMI’s Management & Control Unit , Control Display Unit and
countermeasures dispensers and expendables. Radar and laser
warning systems as well as Directed Infra Red Countermeasures
warners can also be integrated. Israel Military Industries
Advanced Self-Protection Integrated
Suite (ASPIS)
z
Integrated system of RWR, jammer, chaff/flare dispensers for a
variety of aircraft, eg Greek F-16s. Interchangeable subsystems
offer configuration flexibility. Northrop Grumman – formerly
AN/ALQ-161A
z
Integrated RF countermeasures system. Provides 360 deg
receive and jamming coverage against many simultaneous
threats, and also provides a tail warning function. Primarily in
an automatic mode where the system receives, identifies and
jams threat radars instantaneously. Manual intervention as
desired. Highly programmable on the ground and in the air.
Specifically designed for the B-1B airframe. EDO Corporation
AN/ALQ-178
A family of advanced, internally mounted self-protection
systems specifically designed and developed for fighter aircraft,
including the F-16, F-4E and F/A-18. Fully operational since 1986,
the AN/ALQ-178 is currently in operation for two major air
forces. It is a proven self-protection suite of integrated radar
warning receiver (RWR) and electronic countermeasures (ECM)
system providing the pilot with situational awareness and
deceptive RF jamming. Versions have superheterodyne, wide
band and digital receiver capabilities to provide precision
parameter measurement and required sensitivity for timely and
accurate threat detection and identification. Its integrated
architecture, utilizing a common receiver system, results in rapid
threat identification and state-of-the-art counter responses
(both RF ECM and chaff and flare). The AN/ALQ-178 is flight-line
programmable for mission adaptability. Program updates to the
threat data library are achievable with user-friendly mission
data file generator. The system design embodies extensive
built-in-test (BIT) capabilities which provide fault isolation to the
(LRU) level. MiKES, Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc
39
AIR » Integrated self-protection systems
AN/ALQ-211 SIRFC
s
Suite of Integrated Radio Frequency Countermeasures.
Advanced situational awareness, threat warning and electronic
countermeasures suit. Counters multiple, simultaneous pulse,
pulse Doppler and CW threats. Intercepts, analyses and counters
multiple air and ground RF threats including all modes of early
warning, air Defence, airborne interceptor and coastal and
surface surveillance radars. High power pulse and continuous
wave ECM transmitters protect against coherent and
non-coherent radars. Also provides robust countermeasure
techniques against monopulse radars. Fuses multi-spectral (RF,
IR, Laser) sensor threat data. ITT Industries, Avionics Division
AN/ALQ-213(V)/EWMS
zxs
AN/ALQ-214 IDECM RFCM
z
Internal techniques generator integrated with fibre optic towed
decoy. Advanced protection for F/A-18E/F and B-1B bomber.
Independent repeater mode, coherent digital RF memory. Ada
EW integrated software. Plug-in onboard transmitters. Predicted
total weight with rack 158.2 lb. ITT Industries, Avionics Division
x
AN/ALQ-221 Advanced Defensive System
Fully integrated defensive system designed for U-2S aircraft.
Provides both situational awareness and defensive
responses. BAE SYSTEMS North America
xs
Integrated Electronic Warfare Self Protection System for
transport and rotary wing aircraft. ASES is designed to protect
large body aircraft dedicated for special missions and can be
easily adapted to the needs of rotary wing aircraft. Integrated
with the Central Management Unit, ASES provides radar
warning, missile warning and situational awareness and chaff/
flare dispensing capabilities. Aselsan
ASPS
xc
Self Protection Suite designed for use on fixed and rotary wing
aircraft. Integrates RWR (SPS-3000), ECM Jammer (SPJ-40),
MWS (PAWS) and CFDS. Features: Digital Receivers, Direction
finding; high probability of intercept, high sensitivity; fast
reaction time; voice alarm; frequency measurement; automatic
recording of emitter data. Frequency coverage: low band to Ku.
Spherical Coverage. Elisra Electronic Systems
CAMPS Civil Aircraft Missile Protection
System
CAMPS is designed to be an integrated part of the aircraft to
effectively counter MANPADS threat against civil aircraft, troop
transport, military special mission and VIP aircraft. It has a UV
missile approach warning system with multi-target tracking
capability (up to 8 simultaneously) and electromechanical
dispensing of a new type of pyrophoric decoys developed by
Chemring Group. The dispensing needs no detonation squibs.
Apart from meeting military requirements for aircraft
protection, the system allows for civil certification. Saab
Avitronics
40
mcx
The Compact Airborne Threat Surveyor (CATS) combines ESM
and self protection functions in a ‘single lightweight equipment’.
Designed for helicopters, transport aircraft and UAVs, it uses
proven digital technology, multiple receiver architecture and
validated geolocation algorithms derived from the latest fighter
EW systems. Geolocation places threat symbols on digital maps.
Frequency coverage is E-K bands with C-K optional, angular
coverage is 360° in azimuth and +/- 45° in elevation.
Geolocation accuracy within 5% of actual range ‘within
seconds’. Processing unit requires 6MCU box. Weighs 15 kg
without display. Uses 260W without display. Thales Airborne
Systems
Electronic Warfare Management System for combat aircraft,
transports & helicopters. Replaces individual CDUs with a
management unit, a new display (MFD) and PCMCIA data
loading/recording/unloading. Incorporates 3-D audio threat
warning. HOTAS control of manual semi-automatic or automatic
modes offered. EWMS can initiate best combination of chaff,
flares and jamming. TERMA AS
ASES
CATS
CIDAS Compact Integrated Defensive
Aids Suite
CIDAS is a further progression of the fully integrated defensive
aids suite (IDAS). CIDAS 100 is the small and light weight variant
with electro-optic sensors, a controller and BOP series CM
dispensers. Designed for the protection of aircraft against
MANPADS and laser based threats. CIDAS 300 is the high-end
system which can be configured with full multi-spectral
detection capability for radar, with a digital receiver as an
option, as well as laser and missile approach warning. Fully
integrated with Saab’s new advanced lightweight CM dispenser,
BOP-L. The modular system architecture allows CIDAS to be
configured for any one or any combination of the three sensor
types. CIDAS is one of the most compact and lightweight
defensive aids suites in existence today. Flight-line software
load/unload with External Data Loader Unit (EDLU). Different
threat libraries can be selected in flight according to mission
type and/or geographical area. Gigabytes of recording memory
(processed and/ or raw data) via Ethernet link to External Data
Loader Unit (EDLU). Post Mission Playback and analysis facilities
by means of Flight Data Analyzer (FDA). Comprehensive Threat
Library Management System (TLMS). Saab Avitronics
DASS
s
The Defensive Aircraft Survivability Suite is intended for US
Army Longbow Apaches consists of the AN/ALQ-211 Suite of
Integrated RF Countermeasures (SIRFC), the AN/ALQ-212 Suite
of Integrated IR Countermeasures (SIIRCM), AN/AVR-2A(V)
Laser Detecting Set with SIRFC acting as the sensor fusion
processor. Integrates threat information into a single, prioritised
‘big picture’ of the battlefield, automatically activates
appropriate countermeasures. ITT Industries, Avionics
Division; BAE SYSTEMS; Raytheon Company; Boeing
DASS 2000 Defensive Aids Suite
xz
Fully integrated defensive system compatible with a wide range
of platform types. Long-range, multispectral threat detection
and identification capabilities provide the aircrew with full
situational awareness through sensor fusion and ensure the
application of optimum self-protection countermeasures. These
capabilities ensure platform survivability in all phases of mission
performance. BAE SYSTEMS North America
AIR » Integrated self-protection systems
Electronic warfare suite
for helicopters
s
The EW suite consists of a radar-, laser- and missile-warners and
a threat evaluation processor together with a chaff/flare
dispenser system. In a threat situation the system reacts
automatically without any involvement of the crew. The EW
suite has been selected by multiple European customers as well
as Australia on the Tiger and NH-90. The EW suite is a
collaborative development of EADS, THALES and MBDA
EL/L-8427/8 Integral Compact
EW Suite, RWJS
sz
Compact and modern Self Protection Suites, internally installed
onboard fighter aircraft, helicopters and other military aircraft.
The RWJS consists of ESM receiver, Jammer, C/F dispensers,
Missile Warning System and LWS. IAI ELTA Systems Ltd
EL/M-2160F Flight Guard
cx
DAS for civil aircraft. Consists of Elta’s EL/M2160 doppler radar
missile approach warner and a flare dispensing system, all of
which operate automatically. Provides a very short reaction
time, time-to-impact measurement for optimum flare release
timing. Offers 360° coverage, all-weather operation, high
reliability and low false alarm rate, says Elta. Weight 60 kg,
width 306 mm, length 361 mm, height 207 mm. Power
consumption 500W. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and
Communications Division
EWPS-100
sz
EWS-16
z
Internally mounted self-protection system for the F-16 including
radar warning, jamming and locating subsystems. Designed to
detect, identify and localise all modern threats without
ambiguity in dense electromagnetic environments. Includes
a 32-bit processor-based management unit, crystal video
and high-speed wideband superheterodyne receiver, an
instantaneous wideband direction finding interferometer, IFM
receiver, real-time spectral analysis processing, a plug-in
mission report module, a jammer capable of countering multiple
threats, integrated with the decoy dispenser. Thales Airborne
Systems.
EURODASS
z
Defensive Aids Sub-System (DASS) for Eurofighter Typhoon. A
fully integrated EW suite with an ESM, on-board, RF jammer,
towed radar decoys, and an active radar-based missile approach
warner. All are controlled via the Defensive Aids Computer.
SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (prime contractor),
Elettronica SpA, INDRA DTD, EADS
z
Also known as Integrated Electronic Warfare Suite (IEWS), the
electronic warfare system for the Block 60 F-16s. Employs the
latest radio frequency (RF) and digital technologies to provide a
fully integrated radar warning and jamming solution with
growth potential. Northrop Grumman Corp
Helidas
s
Suite of proven self-defence equipment for helicopters. Single
point cockpit control, IR jammer alternatives, multiple missile
warning system choices, lightweight dispensers, cost-effective
radar warning alternatives and growth options to laser warning.
All elements are in production and have been previously
exported and installed. BAE SYSTEMS North America
HIDAS
s
Helicopter Integrated Defensive Aids System. Integrated EW
suite providing radar warning, laser warning and missile threat
warning, with straightforward growth to radar and IR
countermeasures. Programmable threat and countermeasures
library loaded from PCMCIA card. In-flight data recording and
post-mission playback. Installed on UK and international
Longbow Apaches. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
HLR-108
s
ESM system for Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force
SH-60J Seahawk helicopters. HLR-108B/C are upgraded
versions. Tokimec
Self-protection suite for helicopters and combat aircraft
against radar controlled threats. Covers 2 to 18 Ghz (0.5 to
2 GHz optional). Integrates the DM/A-104 RWR, the DM/A-202
chaff and flare dispenser and the DM/A-401 self-protection
jammer. DTS Ltda
42
Falcon Edge
Integrated self-protection systems « AIR
ICMS
Modular Self-Protection
System (MSPS)
Lightweight EW suite designed for retrofit market and
combining the Sherloc RWR with the Barem radar detector/
jammer and Alkan 5081 podded decoy system. Thales Airborne
Systems
IRON-FIST ACTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM (APS)
A system to increase the self-defence capability of armoured
fighting platforms, ranging from light vehicles such as HMMWs,
through light and medium weight Armoured Personnel Carriers
(APCs) and up to heavy Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) and
Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), against modern battlefield threats
such as Anti-Tank Missiles and kinetic energy projectiles.
Iron-Fist APS incorporates two layers of protection: Soft-kill,
using an electro-optic directional jammer, and a hard-kill based
on intercepting the threat at a safe distance from the defended
platform. It provides 360 degrees protection also at very
close-range engagement scenarios in both open and urban
environments. Its highly modular system design enables
incorporation of other types of sensors and soft kill
countermeasures into the system architecture. Iron-Fist has
undergone extensive series of field jamming and interception
tests against various threat types, including on the move and
urban environments, in both light and heavy configurations.
Israel Military Industries Ltd
SATIN
z
Integrated CounterMeasures Suite internally-mounted in Mirage
2000. Incorporates three warning receivers, two detectorjammers and a chaff/IR flare dispenser. Missile detector function
can incorporate an infra-red warning receiver. All parts linked to
a central interface and management unit. Thales Airborne
Systems and MBDA
MiDAS MiKES Integrated Self Protection
System
An advanced, internally mounted self-protection electronic
warfare system specifically designed for high performance
fighter aircraft. Countermeasures dispenser system (CMDS)
provides intelligent control of chaff/flare dispensing system for
dynamically adapted enhanced countermeasures self protection
response. It has a digital receiver based RWR and is flight-line
programmable for mission adaptability. Program updates to the
threat data library are achievable with mission data file
generator by means of in country re-programmability feature.
Record mode provides data collection for post-flight analysis
supporting threat parametric value changes. The open
architecture design of the MiDAS enables it to be easily tailored
for specific system and platform requirements on both tactical
and strategic aircraft. MiDAS RWR, ECM and CMDS application
can be either internal or external POD or a mix of both. MiKES,
Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc
z
x
Self-protection system for large transport aircraft incorporating
chaff/flare dispensing systems. RWR, missile detection systems
and IR jammers. BAE SYSTEMS North America
Suite of Integrated Sensors And
Countermeasures (SISCM)
SISCM is designed to provide a highly integrated, multi-sensor
threat warning and countermeasures capability using
off-the-shelf technology. All subsystems are controlled by the
APR-39B(V)2 EW managment system, which also fuses data
from other aircraft sensors and systems such as INS, GPS and
radar etc. Records threat and GPS data for post mission analysis
and planning. Compatible subsystems include multiple UV and
IR missile approach warners, Nemesis family DIRCM turrets, the
AN/ALQ-162(V)6 radar jammer, the AN/ALE-47 countermeasures
dispenser and such laser warning receivers as the 301-MA and
AVR-2/2A. Even the ALQ-213 EW management system can be
used. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive
Systems Division
SPECTRA
SPS-65(V)3
cx
Radar and laser warning system designed for use on helicopters
and transport aircraft. Integrates RWR which detects all CW,
high PRF, low ERP radars and laser sensors. Features: Direction
finding; high probability of intercept, high sensitivity; fast
reaction time; audio alarm; frequency measurement; interface
with chaff, flare dispensers; automatic recording of emitter data.
Frequency coverage: low band to 18 GHz. Reception coverage of
360 deg. Weight 16 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems
SPS-65(V)5
cx
Radar and laser Self Protection Suite designed for use on
helicopters and transport aircraft. Integrates RWR which detects
all CW, high PRF, low ERP radars and multi-band laser sensors.
Provisions for CFDS and ECM. Features: Wide and Narrow band
Digital Receivers, Direction finding; high probability of intercept,
high sensitivity; fast reaction time; voice alarm; frequency
measurement; automatic recording of emitter data. Frequency
coverage: low band to 18 GHz. Reception coverage of 360 deg.
Weight 11 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems
SPS-H, SPS-TA, SPS-FA
xzs
Family of lightweight and modular self-protection systems for
helicopter (H), transport aircraft (TA) and fighter aircraft (FA).
Integrate TDS family RWRs, MWS-20 missile Approach Warner,
Chaff & Flare dispenser and optional Laser Warning Receiver.
Threat Warning Equipment (TWE)
sx
Lightweight integrated self-protection system based on a radar
warning receiver from Thales Airborne Systems linked to a laser
warning manufactured by EADS. Provides interfaces to
subsystems such as chaff/flare dispensers Sensor data are
correlated and evaluated through a programmable threat
library. Selected for Tiger attack- NH-90 transport/naval
helicopters. Offers user programmable threat library and
symbology. Provides flight reports for tactical ELINT. Weight < 15
kg, radar frequencies: bands E to K, Power consumption : 200
Watts. MIL STD 1553 B interface. Thales Airborne Systems
ZEUS
z
Internally mounted, fully integrated radar warning and RF
jamming system for RAF Harrier GR7. Frequency coverage C-J
band. Digital processor upgrade completed. Fully programmable
threat library and countermeasures. 360 deg azimuth coverage
+- 45 deg elevation coverage. Weight 118 kg. SELEX Sensors
z
Internally-mounted radar, laser and IR self-protection system in
service on Rafale. Fully integrated internal system featuring
techniques and technologies which ensure detection, location
analysis and countering all threats in the usable frequency
range. Efficient co-operation and compatibility with navigation
and weapon system. Incorporates MBDA chaff/flare dispenser
and IR missile detector (DDM) functions. Thales Airborne
Systems, MBDA
43
Communication
Communications
Intelligence & Electronic
Warfare solutions (CIEW):
a new family of COMINT & EW
solutions to meet the current
defence and security threats
CIEW is the new-generation range of
COMINT & EW services, systems and
equipments developed by Thales. It is
primarily designed to deliver information
dominance and enable Command &
Control operations on the newly digitised
battlespace.
INTELLIGENCE
Airborne
Airborne systems
systems
ground
ground systems
systems
Intelligence Q is a range of strategic intelligence
gathering solutions for national or joint users. It is
designed to meet the current and near-term
communications signals of the homeland defence,
border monitoring and national security environments.
naval
naval systems
systems
Radar
Radar systems
systems
Test
Testsystems
systems
LAND
guide
guide to
to suppliers
suppliers
product
product guide
guide
electronic
electronic warfare
warfare
Thales is the first European provider of C4ISR solutions
with references in more than 120 countries. It is
also the first European manufacturer of SIGINT &
EW equipment.
This industrial and operational lead rests on
a comprehensive range of skills in the field of
communications intelligence & electronic warfare,
a significant contributor to information dominance
in the current operational environment.
Events
Events diary
diary 2008
2008
Land Q is a range of electronic support and electronic
attack solutions tailored to Army tactical users.
It is designed to target the current and near-term
communications signals of airland engagement.
NAVAL
EQUIPMENT
GROUND SYSTEMS
The equipment featured in this section is all listed under the heading:
±Self-Protection Systems
Naval Q is a range of electronic support and electronic
attack solutions tailored to maritime tactical users, either
on littoral or onboard combat ships. It is designed to
target the current and near-term communications
environment of littoral and naval operations.
Q mission packages all rely on the same core
equipment capabilities for interception,
analysis, direction-finding and C2 warfare or
force protection.
www.thalesgroup.com
Self-protection systems any more complex than smoke dischargers are
still a comparative rarity among armoured vehicles, largely due to cost
constraints. However, technology is changing and so are attitudes,
therefore more systems of this kind are likely to find their way onto
world markets.
The systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric
designation.
the editor.
GROUND » Self-protection systems
SELF-PROTECTION SYSTEMS
ARENA E
Radar directed hard-kill defensive system designed to destroy
incoming guided missiles and ATGMs that threaten the tank.
Weighing between 1,100 and 1,300 kg depending on the
configuration, Arena E system consists of a millimetre-wave
search and tracking radar, a central computer that triggers one
or more munitions, held in a turret-mounted belt of dischargers,
to neutralise the incoming weapon. The radar begins tracking
the threat at 50 m from the tank, triggers the countermeasure
at around 25 m, which shreds it with a cone of fragments, the
whole process reportedly taking 0.07 of a second. Warning
lights tell accompanying infantry to stay away outside the 30 m
lethal radius from the tank. KBM, Kolomna, Moscow
AN/VLQ-11 Shortstop Electronic
Protection System (SEPS)
ECM system that prematurely detonates RF proximity-fused
artillery, rocket and mortar rounds. Vehicle-mounted and
man-portable versions are available. Detects signals from
proximity-fused weapons, modifies the signal and sends it back
to the weapon, making it think it is close to the ground so it
detonates prematurely. EDO Corporation
AwiSS
The AWiSS active protection system has been specifically
designed for the protection of armoured vehicles against
shoulder-fired anti-tank rockets and guided missiles.
Approaching projectiles are detected, tracked and engaged by a
responsive, comprehensive 360° sensor system, which consists
of a search-and-track radar, using blast/fragmentation grenades.
The grenade is fired from a lightweight launcher, which can be
aligned extremely rapidly in azimuth and elevation, in the
direction of the approaching projectile and ignited so that the
projectile is neutralized at safe distance from the vehicle. AWiSS
can engage several approaching projectiles at very short
intervals. The project is a research and technology
demonstration programme. Diehl BGT Defence
BOMB JAMMER VIP-300WOTS
This vehicle mounted modular multi-band radio signal bomb
jamming system is designed as an RF Jammer to suppress the
extended spectrum of radio signals used to detonate an RCIED
or radio controlled improvised explosive device. The Bomb
Jammer VIP 300WOTS transmits ‘fast random sweep’
interference signals that interfere with current threats including
cell phones, walkie talkies, and satellite phones, according to the
manufacturer. It creates intensive barrage interference within
the whole frequency range and at the same time amplifies the
jamming signal on the narrow frequency channels which makes
it more effective against the use of walkie talkies and cell
phones, says the company. Homeland Security Strategies Inc
46
Self-protection systems « GROUND
BOMB JAMMER VIP-200 PORTABLE
JAMMING SYSTEM
BOMB JAMMER VIP-600 BOMB RANGER
JAMMING SYSTEM
The portable RF Jammer, the VIP 200, is a hand held bomb
jammer built into a briefcase. It is designed as an IED jammer in
that it transmits RF interference that blocks radio receivers
found in a cellular IED, satellite phone IED, mobile IED, or radio
IED from obtaining any RF signals, and is vital to preventing a
Remote Controlled Improvised Explosive Device (RCIED) from
receiving a detonation signal. The RF Jammer neutralizes the
detonation signal as a result of the saturated level of RF
interference. Homeland Security Strategies Inc
The VIP-600 is a portable Bomb Jammer built into a backpack.
It is designed for defensive jamming of Radio Controlled
Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs). The VIP-600 broadcasts
radio wave energy, blanketing an entire area to prevent radio
receivers from acquiring the detonation signals for remotecontrolled explosive weapons. It is a man-portable system that
will provide durable reliability for law enforcement – military
forces in the field. It can also be placed in a vehicle for greater
mobility when securing areas against RCIEDs. Homeland
Security Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER VIP-300F CONVOY
JAMMING SYSTEM
The VIP 300F Convoy Jamming System is an IED jammer used
by a group of vehicles travelling together as a convoy for
security. It consists of a configuration of Bomb Jammer
broadcasting modules that emit radio interference from various
vehicles within the convoy. This interference is essentially a
series of multiple RF Jamming signals that are transmitted at
high speed and envelope any radio receiver within their area of
effectiveness. Homeland Security Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER VIP-300S VEHICLE
JAMMING SYSTEM
The Bomb Jammer VIP 300 S is a vehicle mounted modular
radio signal jamming system designed for defensive jamming of
radio controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs). It uses
sophisticated RF technology to prevent trigger devices from
activating remote controlled bombs. The system can be
mounted in a single vehicle, or transferred between vehicles.
Homeland Security Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER VIP-300X ENHANCED VEHICLE
JAMMING SYSTEM
This RCIED jamming system is designed to defend the operators
against explosive devices utilizing a radio frequency transmitter
as a means of detonation. To counter an RCIED attack, the
would need to receive an enhanced level of radio interference
from the jammer in order to neutralize the remote activation
signal and prevent the explosive device from triggering. This
interference blocks radio signals of cell phones, walkie talkies,
and satellite phones. Using barrage radio interference, it
provides effective jamming of IED radio links over broad
frequency ranges without the performance shortfalls inherent
in spot noise, barrage noise, or swept CW jammers. The carrier
frequency of the RCIED jammer is transmitted rapidly over the
entire frequency band, so the exact frequency of the radio link
does not have to be known. At random frequencies within the
band, the sweep is momentarily stopped in time to provide a
holding period at a fixed frequency. The sweep rate is also
varied in a random fashion to prevent any possible
synchronization of the receiver with the jammer for the
purposes of defeating the jamming. Homeland Security
Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER VIP-900 STATIONARY
RF JAMMER
The RF Jammer or Bomb Jammer VIP 900 is a stationary
mounted modular radio signal jamming system designed for
defensive RF Jamming of radio controlled improvised explosive
devices or RCIEDs. The RF Jammer helps secure and protect
people in and by office buildings, embassies, consulates, and
border crossing checkpoints from terrorist activated remote
controlled weapons. The RF Jammer may also be used to
protect homes, schools, convention halls, public buildings,
hotels, and other civilian gathering places used targeted by
terrorists. The jamming has no dangerous effects on normal
vehicle electronics, computer, telephone or other office
equipment functions. Homeland Security Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER SJ-5000 STADIUM JAMMER
The Bomb Jammer SJ-5000 is a customized bomb jamming
system that works to defeat remote controlled terrorist bombs
from detonating at a stadium, sports complex, or large
gathering areas. It uses stationary tower mounted RF jamming
systems that block radio controlled improvised explosive
devices or RCIEDs from receiving the radio detonation signal.
Homeland Security Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER COVERT BOMB
JAMMING SYSTEM VIP 300T
The Trunk Jammer VIP 300T is a high power IED jammer
installed into the trunk of a car, rear of a truck, or armoured
vehicle. It saturates the environment with radio frequency
pulses of electromagnetic energy. The HSS trunk mounted IED
jammer deals with cellular IED threats, satellite phone IED
threats, low and high band radio wave IED threats as no other
IED jammer functions like the Bomb Jammer, especially the new
covert version mounted in a trunk of a vehicle, says the
manufacturer. In addition, says the company, the HSS IED
jammer is unique in that it is designed not to break squelch of a
walkie talkie radio. A walkie talkie IED is a very difficult threat to
neutralize unless one uses the Bomb Jammer brand of
electronic countermeasures. Other IED jammers break squelch
and set off roadside bombs, car bombs, and RCIEDs that use
commercial radio receivers to detonate. Homeland Security
Strategies Inc
» Diehl BGS’s AWISS vehicle protection system deploys
radar directed munitions against RPGs and anti-armour missiles.
(diehl bgt)
BOMB JAMMER RADIO JAMMER VIP 300U/O
The Radio Jammer VIP 300U/O is an upgraded transportable RF
jammer that uses a proprietary barrage jamming method to
defeat remote controlled improvised explosive devices. It
incorporates optional jamming modules for extended frequency
coverage as well as increased output compared to the
VIP-300U. Intensifying the power output helps to increase the
level of protection in order to jam radio receivers of a remote
controlled IED, especially if the radio transmitter happens to be
located in close proximity to the radio receiver/ radio detonator.
Using jammers with an expanded architecture helps to cover
both known and unknown threats in VHF, UHF, and microwave
frequency ranges. The Radio Jammer is configured in a pair of
transportable cases. Homeland Security Strategies Inc
BOMB JAMMER TERRORIST TRAP
VIP-16 JAMMER
The Terrorist Trap VIP-16 series is a remote controlled jammer,
operable from far away. That means that it can interrupt radio
controlled IEDs in isolated areas such as hazardous territories,
mountain areas, desert terrains, and be operated by the user
from a safe distance. It is comprised of jamming modules that
work with radio noise generators in conjunction with proprietary
software, power amplifiers, and an antenna feed. These modules
are activated by an automated control unit (by long range data
transmitters). Depending upon the power amplifier type, the
VIP-16 can be outfitted onto a UAV drone, hidden underground,
or mounted on portable vehicles such as a jeep, truck, armoured
troop carrier, or helicopter. Radio reconnaissance and jamming
range: 20-950 MHz (the top margin of the range can be
increased up to 2000 MHz). Efficiency: jamming of wireless
communication lines at 3 to 30 km if mounted on the ground
carrier, or at 20 to 100 km if mounted an airborne platform
(unmanned aerial vehicle, aerostat, and helicopter). Homeland
Security Strategies Inc
47
BOMB JAMMER MANPACK-6 BOMB RANGER
JAMMING SYSTEM
Manpack 6 is portable jamming system that can be carried
by a person in areas that are under risk of encountering remote
controlled improvised explosive devices or RCIEDs. The system
for EOD personnel is designed to jam pre-set radio spectrum
frequencies and blanket entire areas. It emits radio energy to
jam transmissions including: short wave and VHF frequencies,
VHF aviation and satellite Navigation systems, commercial
simplex (duplex), trunking, cellular and satellite. The Manpack 6
is compact, portable, and lightweight, used for civil defense
teams and explosive ordnance disposal – EOD use in domestic
or international areas. It can be carried like a backpack, or
placed in a vehicle for greater mobility. Homeland Security
Strategies Inc
CREW 2.1
FCLAS
CREW 2.1 is a vehicle mounted RF jammer to counter radio
detonated IEDs. It has been deployed in large quantities with US
forces on combat operations. It is also known as the CVRJ
(CREW Vehicle Receiver/Jammer) system. The Mobile
Multi-Band Jammer (MMBJ) is a related version of this product.
EDO (now part of ITT)
Full Spectrum Active Protection Close-in Layered Shield
(FCLAS) is a developmental short range survivability system for
ground and tactical vehicles designed to help defeat Rocket
Propelled Grenade (RPG) attacks. TARDEC describes it as ‘the
first self-contained, lightweight, close-in US active protection
system surpassing all other world capabilities. Within half a
second, FCLAS conducts surveillance, acquisition, tracks the
threat, launches, fuses, and detonates the countermeasure to
defeat the incoming threat.’ US Army Tank-Automotive
Research, Development and Engineering Center
DAS – Defensive Aids System
For armoured vehicles. Consists of a core processor and add-on
threat warning modules including laser warning receiver, radar
warning receiver and countermeasures such as smoke, flares,
chaff and jammers. BAE SYSTEMS
DMR-1
BOME is a battlefield jamming system designed primarily for
light vehicles. This system is intended to neutralise ground and
airborne surveillance radar. Bome is available in two versions
and operates in two bands: E to G and H to J. The system is
programmable and features DRFM. Thales Aerospace Division
Described as a ‘wide-frequency’ bomb jammer, the DMR-1 covers
the 20 to 2,020 MHz band and provides a jamming range of ‘not
less than 30 metres’ from its 26 Watt output, according to the
manufacturer. The internal antenna is hidden. A portable
system, it weighs 10 kg and measures 460 x 345 x 240 mm and
runs for 60 minutes on internal batteries or indefinitely on
mains power. Hi-Tech Electronics
CERBERUS
DMR-2
Defensive aids subsystem (DAS) for armoured fighting vehicles,
includes laser detectors and grenade dischargers. Incorporates
up to eight Thales Optronics laser detector arrays, FVS 25
control/display unit and arrangements of FVG 66 or FVG 76
grenade launchers. FVS 25 display subsystem features audio
and visual threat alarms, threat identification and threat
bearing identifications. Thales AFV Systems
A larger system, the DMR-22 is intended for fixed site or
vehicle-mounted applications. The 23 kg, 528 x 528 x 138 mm
system covers the 20 to 2,600 MHz frequency band and offers a
range of ‘not less than 35 m’ from its 62 Watt output and
external omni antenna, according to the manufacturer. It runs
on 12V DC power. Hi-Tech Electronics
BOME
GALIX
Self-protection system for armoured fighting vehicles. Consists
of firing panel and launch tubes. Munitions are IR decoys.
Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices
» Rafael’s Trophy active protection system is designed to defend
a wide range of armoured vehicles. (rafael)
IAAPS
The Integrated Army Active Protection System (IAAPS) is in
development to protect Future Combat Systems armoured
vehicles against ATGMs and RPGs. It uses a mixture of active
radar and passive electro-optical sensors to detect, classify
and track incoming threats and a combination of ‘soft-kill’
countermeasures (IR jammers and decoys) and ‘hard-kill’
countermeasures to defeat them. Testing has shown the
system capable of defeating a variety of threats fired at
both stationary and moving vehicles. BAE SYSTEMS United
Defense/Northrop Grumman
IEDS-200 JAMMER
The IEDS-200 is an RF jammer designed to prevent remote
controlled detonation of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)
via mobile phone networks and other radio systems. The 9kg
unit’s bandwidth coverage encompasses CDMA, GSM, VHF,
UHF, RC etc. It fits into a discreet briefcase with no external
antenna and can also be fixed to ceilings and walls. It will
operate for between 30 and 60 minutes on its internal
batteries or indefinitely on external power (110~240V/50~60Hz).
Aegis Corea
DMR-22
CIAPS
Developmental Close In Active Protection System (CIAPS) for
defence of combat vehicles against rocket propelled grenades
and missiles fired without warning from close range. CIAPS
consists of radar staring in all directions that can detect an
incoming threat and launch one of an array of pre-positioned
interceptors to intercept and destroy the warhead before it hits
the protected vehicle. Intended for use on Stryker and other
wheeled armoured vehicles. US DoD, Redstone Arsenal
CICM
Close In Countermeasure is a complete active protection system
designed to defeat incoming threats. CICM is modular,
lightweight, low-cost and is designed to be adaptable to a wide
range of ground, sea and air platforms. The CICM system is
comprised of passive threat launch detection and active radar
tracking subsystems, an advanced fire control processor, a
simple user interface, and an extremely high speed gimbaled
launcher that fires a multi-gun cluster munition. CICM
successfully defeated RPGs in tests late in 2005. BAE
48
The DMR-22 is larger, more powerful and boasts a longer range
than the DMR-2. Also a vehicle mounted or fixed-site bomb
jammer, it has a power output of up to 355 Watts and offers a
range of ‘not less than 40 m’. It uses an external omni antenna
and runs of 12V DC power. Hi-Tech Electronics
DMR-3
Pascall oscillators hit new lows
The OCXO Series has been designed
to meet the increasing demand
for ultra low noise performance.
Briefcase sized 12 kg RCIED jammer covering the 20 to 520 MHz
frequency band. It offers a range of ‘not less than 30 m’ with 60
minutes operation on its internal rechargeable battery and
unlimited operating time on external power, for which it has an
AC/DC adapter. It has an internal antenna and can be fitted with
a larger external one. The portable or vehicle mounted DMR-3
measures 460 x 380 x 125 mm. Hi-Tech Electronics
Phase noise for 100MHz unit
Min guaranteed
performance
EJAB for anti-bomb jamming
The Electronic Jamming Anti Bomb EJAB is an innovative and
sophisticated solution, which utilizes the Elisra Group’s
battle-proven electronic jamming superiority to block the
remote activation of IEDs via RF frequency and other
communication means – radio, cellular phone, satellite and
remote control devices. The jammer can be either vehiclemounted or handheld. Developed in response to the
requirements of Israel’s security forces facing real combat zone
threats, the system provides an optimized solution that has
already been repeatedly proven in the field. The modular EJAB
enables customers to extend the frequency range to meet
emerging combat zone requirements. Elisra
Tel +44(0) 1983 817300
Fax +44(0)1983 564708
e-mail [email protected]
100Hz
1kHz
level 5
-120
-150
-174 dBc/Hz
level 4
-125
-155
-175 dBc/Hz
level 3
-130
-158
-176 dBc/Hz
level 2
-132
-160
-176 dBc/Hz
level 1
-135
-162
-176 dBc/Hz
10kHz offsets
thinking inside the box
www.pascall.co.uk
A subsidiary of Emrise Electronics
49
» France’s Nexter Leclerc main battle tanks could be defended
by the Galix active protection system. (nexter)
JAMKIT
PATROL-BJX
KBCM The JAMKIT is a high power multi band jamming system
designed for easy installation inside any suitable vehicle. It is
constructed to simultaneously jam most of the existing cellular/
satellite/walkie-talkie standards (frequency bands) used around
the World. JAMKIT comprises the following elements: a
high-power jamming system constructed inside one single large
Pelican attache case (or customers may choose to have the
frequency bands split to two smaller cases, one unit containing
the cellular and satellite bands, and the second unit containing
the VHF/UHF frequencies); a set of five-eight high gain
omni-directional antennas with connecting RF cables; and a
special design for vehicle installation. A wired remote control
unit for fast operation and control. It covers nine frequency
bands including VHF/UHF cellular and satellite and provides 350
Watts of RF jamming power. SESP Group Ltd
VHF/UHF bomb jammer developed for SWAT teams, military
security forces and bomb disposal squads for anti-terror security
applications. The PATROL-BJX has an overall RF output power of
300 watts, and is constructed to simultaneously jam most
existing VHF/UHF communication standards, as well as garage
door remote controls, car alarm systems and handmade radio
emitters. Its ‘smart active’ cooling system enables unlimited
continuous use. Antennas are attached and operated from the
jammers internal batteries, or plug into either AC mains or DC
power source and start to operate. SESP Group Ltd
Defensive Aid Suite for armoured vehicles designed to counter
anti-tank guided missiles and as MBT fire-control systems. KBCM
detects threats accurately and warns the crew via the intercom,
transmits the data to a screen and suggests appropriate
retaliation. Countermeasures can be used in manual or
automatic mode. The automatic mode optimises the response
time. The system is structured around a computer and features
a man/machine interface, a laser warning receiver, missile
warning system, screening smoke and an infrared jammer.
Modular and upgradeable, it can incorporate newly-developed
equipment (laser jammer) and can be interfaced with the
FINDERS Battlefield Management System in order to provide
coordinated protection to a whole armoured unit. KBCM is
currently being fitted to the AMX-10RC wheeled armoured
vehicle as a technological demonstrator. It has been evaluated
by the French Army and will be part of the future developments
for the LECLERC main battle tank. Nexter
JAMPACK
JAMX
JAMX is an RCIED jammer offered in two versions, one for
military shelters and one for the Hummer vehicle. The JAMX
Military Shelter covers continuously and simultaneously the
full spectrum of RF communication frequencies from 20MHz to
3000MHz (33 separate frequency bands). It offers more than 2
kW of total RF power. The operator may choose to leave certain
communication links ‘open’ as and when required. The entire
system is covertly installed inside an ambulance type standard
military shelter (M997). Careful design ensures that no parts of
the system are left exposed, and all the antennas are completely
enclosed within the shelter. The JAMX Mk 4 Hummer H2
vehicle is customized to accommodate a fully integrated broad
band jamming system for the protection of military and police
convoys. It jams the same spread of frequencies, and also
enables the driver/operator to leave certain communication
links ’open’. Using the latest jamming technology, the fourth
generation of the JAM X has an ultra high overall RF
transmitting power of 1,575 Watts. all elements of the system
are concealed. The jammer modules; independent 10,000 watt
AC generator; back-up battery pack and all other components
are hidden from view inside the trunk and rear compartments of
the vehicle. The systems omni directional antennas are all
concealed beneath a glass fibre false roof. SESP Group Ltd
JAMV MK3
The JAMV Mk3 is an RCIED jamming system integrated into
luxury vehicles such as the Mercedes S500L and the Toyota
Land Cruiser. The JAMV system covers continuously and
simultaneously the most commonly used communication RF
frequencies from 66MHz to 2500MHz, which terrorists are
using to detonate road-side bombs (RCIEDs). Using the latest
jamming technology, the third generation of our JAMV now has
an ultra high RF transmitting power of 1,000 Watts (1,315 Watts
for the Land Cruiser) for maximum range. This state-of-the-art
RF jamming system is installed in the trunk of the vehicle. The
system is supported by a fully integrated active smart cooling
system, and powered by a dedicated specially customized DC
alternator. A set of high gain omni directional antennas are
mounted on the roof and rear of the vehicle. System
management (activation, control and operation) is carried out
via a remote control unit which is installed (in a covert manner)
inside the driver’s console unit. The customization includes
special RF shielding for full protection of driver and passengers.
Optional armouring to level B6 is available for all our Military
and VIP vehicles. SESP Group Ltd
50
The JAMPACK is a lightweight battery powered portable high
power multi-band jammer, built into a sturdy back pack. It is
designed for protection of ground troops and bomb disposal
squads against the threat of remotely controlled improvised
explosive devices (RCIEDs). Features: jams cellular, satellite,
VHF/UHF frequency bands; suitable for any environment;
equipped with high capacity Mil Spec rechargeable batteries.
Only sold to law enforcement and military end users, or their
official suppliers. SESP Group Ltd
PATROL-PX
The PATROL-PX multi band jammer can be constructed to jam
up to six frequency bands simultaneously, and has a maximum
overall RF output power of 300 watts. The jammer can operate
either with its specially designed 8dBi internal directional
(planar) high gain antennas, or optional 8dBi or 14dBi external
omni directional type high gain antennas – according to user
requirements. A ‘smart active’ cooling system enables unlimited
continuous use. The system has a fully protected circuit in case
of disconnection of antennas. The jammer can be equipped with
multi level potentiometers for adjusting RF output power level
of each frequency band separately (optional). The sturdy trolley
type attaché case eases mobility. The jammer is designed for
easy installation and use. Simply attach selected antennas and
operate from the jammers internal batteries, or plug into either
AC mains or DC power source and start to operate. All
operational switches and check LEDs are externally installed.
SESP Group Ltd
PATROL-T
This multi band jammer can be constructed to jam up to four
cellular or satellite mobile phone frequency bands
simultaneously, and has a maximum overall RF output power of
60 Watts. The jammer can operate either with its specially
designed 8 dBi internal directional (planar) high gain antennas,
or optional 8 dBi or 14 dBi external omni directional type high
gain antennas – according to User requirements. A ‘smart
active’ cooling system enables unlimited continuous use. The
system has a fully protected circuit in case of disconnection of
antennas. The jammer can be equipped with multi level
potentiometers for adjusting RF output power level of each
frequency band separately (optional), up to 15 Watts per band.
The sturdy trolley type attaché case enables ease of mobility.
The jammer is designed for easy installation and use. Simply
attach selected antennas and operate from the jammer’s
internal
batteries, or plug
into either
mains or DC power 1
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source and start to operate. All operational switches and check
leds are externally installed. SESP Group Ltd
Laser warning device for individual soldiers. Battery-powered.
Acts against laser sensors, range finders, target designators and
beam-riding missile systems. BAE Systems
16/4/08
19:02
Page 1
Military
Sciences
SHEPHARD
www.rusi.org
The 8th RUSI/Shephard Future Land Warfare Conference
‘Sustaining the Force – Soldier First’
12 -13 June 2008
London
Supported by
British Army
Produced in
Partnership with
In Association
with
Speakers include:
General Sir Richard Dannatt KCB CBE MC ADC Gen
Chief of the General Staff, British Army
PATROL-TX
The PATROL-TX multi band jammer can be constructed to jam
up to three frequency bands simultaneously, and has a
maximum overall RF output power of 300 watts (100 Watts per
band). The jammer can operate either with its specially
designed 8dBi internal directional (planar) high gain antennas,
or optional 8dBi or 14dBi external omni directional type high
gain antennas – according to User requirements. A ‘Smart
active’ cooling system enables unlimited continuous use. The
system has a fully protected circuit in case of disconnection of
antennas. The sturdy trolley type attaché case eases mobility.
The jammer is designed for easy installation and use. Simply
attach selected antennas and operate from the jammers
internal batteries, or plug into either AC mains or DC power
source and start to operate. All operational switches and check
LEDs are externally installed. SESP Group Ltd
LADIS
�Over 450 delegates in 2007
�Representatives from 16 countries
�Sponsorship sold out in 2007
�Free attendance to all OF-5 and above
General Bernard Cuche
Chief of Staff, French Army
Lieutenant General Peter Leahy AO
Chief of Staff, Australian Army
Lieutenant General Ross Thompson US Army
Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for
Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology, United States Army
To discuss sponsoring/exhibiting, contact: Defne Alpay • [email protected] • +44 (0)1628 606992
For delegate enquires please contact: Kathy Burwood • [email protected] • +44 (0)1628 606979
Sponsors
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Sponsors
51
MUSS
» EADS’ MUSS is a multi-function self-protection system
combining threat sensors and countermeasures.
Multi-function self-protection system for
armoured fighting vehicles. Passive UV
sensors look for the UV signature of the
incoming missile plume, tracking its flight
path in azimuth and elevation. The laser
warner detects and analyses impinging laser
beams to calculate the source’s direction in
azimuth (optionally in elevation), the pulse
repetition frequency and other parameters.
A central computer fuses data from all the
sensors, initiates countermeasures and
acts as a display and control unit for the
crew. Available countermeasures include
pyrotechnics (visual and IR screening smoke)
and an IR jammer. Missile Warner: P-MILDS.
Wavelength UVSB. FOV: 95 deg Image
angle. Laserwarner: HARLID. FOV: 95 deg
in Azimuth ± 45 deg in Elevation. Resolution
(AZ u. EL): ± 0.7 deg/± 1.0 deg. Wavelength 0.4 – 1.7µm LRF/
LTD. Smoke Dispenser: 81 mm SSM. IR Jammer: Type MK II.
EADS LFK
Land Electronic Defence System(LEDS)
LEDS family combines active signature management, softkill
and hardkill mechanisms to provide full spectrum active
protection to land vehicles. Full hemispherical coverage is
provided to detect incoming threats and alert the crew. When
installed in full configuration, the system will offer main battle
tank comparable protection to light and medium combat
vehicles against engagement by weapons like the RPG-7,
anti-tank missiles, KE ammunition, mortars and artillery shells.
LEDS consists of a sensor suite, a central active defence
controller, a high speed directed dispensing system (HSDL)
and countermeasure options, ranging from fast multi-spectral
smoke, through active signature management devices and
decoys, to hard-kill options that destroy the approaching
ammunition before it hits the vehicle. The LEDS system makes
provision for various interfaces that allow for comprehensive
integration with on-board combat vehicle systems. The system
also incorporates a mission data support facility. The sensor
suite provides hemi-spherical coverage. Sensor options include,
laser warning, missile approach warning and a future active
threat acquisition and tracking system. The HSDL provides
hemispherical countermeasure deployment, in the appropriate
sequence, onto the detected threat direction. Dispensing can be
controlled manually or fully automatically. Saab Avitronics
LWD 2
Laser warning system for armoured fighting vehicles. Comprises
a control unit, junction box and between one and 12 detector
arrays. Standard vertical FoV -12º to +47º, vertical FOV of 195º.
Spectral response 400 – 1,600 nm. Azimuth resolution +/- 7.5º.
Response time <0.1 – 0.2 s. Avimo Ltd
52
SEPS
Shortstop Electronic Protection Systems is a field proven
protection system used to pre-detonate electronically fused
munitions. SEPS provides highly effective protection against
proximity fused indirect-fire munitions such as artillery,
mortars and rockets. Three versions for vehicle mounting,
stand-alone field units and manpack units. Provides an
effective electronic umbrella against a wide range of fused
threats. Condor Systems
Shtora-1
A tank DAS based on infrared jammers, laser warning receivers
and laser-obscuring smoke dispensers, Shtora-1 was developed
for and fielded on Russian MBTs. It defeats Command-to-LineOf-Sight ATGMS with jammers that disrupt the tracking loop.
CLOS missile guidance relies on a goniometer that measures
the angle between an IR beacon on the back of the missile and
the line of sight to the target; guidance commands seek to
reduce that angle to zero. Jammers provide an alternative IR
source that introduces large errors into the tracking process.
Against laser-guided weapons, Shtora-1 uses a system of laser
receivers that measure angle of arrival and trigger appropriate
smoke dispensers. At the push of a button, the tank commander
can slew the turret onto the laser source to engage it with the
main gun. VNII Transmash/Elers-Elektron Ltd
SPN Series
Vehicle-mounted, threat adaptive noise jamming systems
against airborne fire control and side-looking surveillance
radars. SPN 2/3/4 aimed at 2 – 20 GHz airborne and side-looking
radars. SPN-2 covers 13.3 t0 17.5 GHz segment of J band. SPN-4
aimed at emitters with wavelengths in 3 dm range. Kvant
SPR-2 Ground Jamming System
Designed to initiate premature detonation of radar
proximity fused artillery and mortar rounds to protect
vehicles, installations and personnel. APC mounted, requires
two crew. Frequency coverage A and B bands (Russian
terminology). Equivalent sensitivity 100 – 110 dBW. ECM potential
no less than 300 W. Jams single frequency ‘autodyne’ fuses,
even those with defensive channels. Jamming probability
claimed 0.8. Survivability enhanced by short transmission
and frequency agility.
TLQ-32 ARM-D
Decoy system against anti-radiation missiles. Emulates
frequency-agile radars, has 360 deg coverage, offers protection
of both the radar and the decoy assets against ARMs, is
lightweight fibreoptic interface between radar and decoy
emitter groups. Modular packaging. ITT Industries
TR-1000
Hand-held RCIED jammer for protection of individuals.
Effective range: Well beyond an 80 foot radius depending on
the strength and type of system. Input power: In-built 6.0v Ni
MH battery pack. Output signal strength: 900mW. Signal
source: Synthesized Operation. This is the ultimate in portable
protection. Comp Nine
TRC 274 FPJ – FORCE PROTECTION JAMMER
Compact wide band V/UHF com jammer for force protection
against radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (IEDs).
Typical coverage would be 20-500 MHz and 800-2500 MHz
bands to cope with main threats, with options down to 2 MHz
and up to 3000 MHz. It features integrated ESM capacity and
offers a wide choice of noise and jamming modulation
waveforms. It is fitted in a transportable cabinet for easy vehicle
integration. Thales Land & Joint Systems
» The Bradley armoured fighting vehicle is a candidate for the
US Army’s developmental IAAPS system. (us dod)
Trophy
TShU 1-7 IR Jammer
An active protection system for armoured fighting vehicles,
Trophy rapidly detects and tracks any anti-tank threat,
classifies it, estimates the optimal intercept point in space
and finally neutralizes it away from the platform using a
countermeasure. The threat detection and warning subsystem
consists of several sensors, including search radar with four
flat-panel antennas, located around the protected vehicle, to
provide full hemispherical coverage. The neutralization process
will take place only if the threat is about to hit the platform.
Claimed to neutralise all known anti-tank rockets and anti-tank
missiles. Offers full performance on AFV in motion, against
short range threats, in close and urban terrain and under all
weather conditions. Can engage several simultaneous threats
from different directions. Easy integration on light as well as
heavy platforms claimed. Rafael Armament Development
Authority Ltd
IR self-protection jamming system for armoured fighting
vehicles, such as T-72 and T-90. Comprises: two 280 x 350 x 350
mm IR radiator unit (weighing 30 to 35 kg each), power supply/
control unit 280 x 350 x 120 mm (10 to 15 kg) and control panel
100 x 70 x 50 mm (0.3 to 0.6 kg). Specified system life 1,000
hours, MTBF 250 hour. Elers-Electron Ltd
Vehicle Hostile Fire Indicator(VHFI)
Acoustic gunfire detection system originally developed for
helicopters now being adapted to ground vehicles. Warns crew
that they are under fire and gives general direction of where
bullets are coming from. Five piezoelectric plate transducers
detect shockwaves from supersonic bullets and feed signals to a
central computer which generates visual and aural warnings.
MS Instruments PLC
Y050
Hand-held RCIED jammer for protection of individuals. Features:
0.6 Watt total power, range well beyond 30 feet; antenna:
external type. Uses rechargeable 3.6V 2500ma Ni-MH battery
pack – 3 hour run time. For charging battery: a/c adaptor and
car cable supplied. Handheld size and aluminium case. Comp
Nine
53
SHEPHARD
Airborne
Airborne systems
systems
ground
ground systems
systems
naval
naval systems
systems
Radar
Radar systems
systems
Test
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guide
guide to
to suppliers
suppliers
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product guide
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electronic
electronic warfare
warfare
Events
Events diary
diary 2008
2008
EQUIPMENT
NAVAL SYSTEMS
Warship ESM and ECM equipment specifications, with basic
descriptions and technical data.
The equipment featured in this section is listed under the following
headings:
Munich
May 2009
For further information on how your company
can participate in EW 2009, please contact Defne Alpay on
+44 (0)1628 606992 or email [email protected]
www.shephard.co.uk/ew
±RF, IR and Acoustic Decoys
±ESM and Jammers
Within each section, the systems are listed in alphabetical order
by name or alphanumeric designation.
the editor.
NAVAL » RF, IR and acoustic decoys
RF, IR & ACOUSTIC DECOYS
ALEX
v
Automated Launch of EXpendables. Integral part of the EW
suite or stand-alone system. Modularity allows a number of
control consoles, launchers and displays to be adapted to
individual ships. Fully integrated with ship’s ESM/NAV/wind
sensors; automatic misfire detection/correction; built in test;
provides and implements optimum tactics; handles multiple
threats; automatic decoy cartridge reseed. Sippican Inc
Bandfish Mk2
v
Expendable acoustic decoy that counters acoustic homing
torpedoes. Used by UK submarines. Operates independently of
launch vessel and hovers in mid-water, transmitting a high
intensity acoustic signal. Operating depth can be programmed
prior to launch. Bandfish Mk2, provides enhanced acoustic
performance and an upgraded signal generator programmable
with the customers’ choice of acoustic signals. From surface
ships, it is deployed in LEAD rockets fired from standard Mk 36
SRBOC launchers. Ultra Electronics
Barricade
v
Chaff and IR flares system. Consists of six sets of triple barrels
firing spin-stabilised 57 mm rocket. Mk III provides improved
electronics, lighter launcher (95 kg) and further stealth features
Wallop Defence Systems Ltd
Barracuda
v
Based on the Wallop Defence SuperBarricade system, Barracuda
is a passive ship-borne torpedo decoy system that provides its
host vessel with a versatile self-defence capability against
anti-ship torpedoes. It employs the 102mm Barracuda rocket
family to deploy acoustic torpedo decoys to give all round
protection and is effective, reliable, light in weight and easily
installed or retro-fitted, having little deck recoil. Barracuda can
be fully loaded or combined with other rockets to protect Naval
platforms from both surface and sub-surface threats. Wallop
Defence Systems Ltd
Bullfighter
v
The new generation of 130 mm decoys for SRBOC launcher
systems to protect naval vessels up to the size of frigates
against anti-ship missiles equipped with RF and/or IR seekers.
Combined RF and IR payload is co-located and effective against
radar and infrared threats simultaneously. Bulldog has been
successfully seeker tested against modern RF and IR seekers
with highly sophisticated ECCM during national and NATO trials.
Overall length 1,208 mm, total weight approx 21 kg, submunition weight 3 kg, number of sub-munitions 5, IR payload
per round 1,250 g, RF payload per round 8,000 g, reaction time
<3 sec, effective time >40 sec, effective RF waveband 8-18 GHz,
effective IR wavebands 3-5 and 8-13 microns. Options include
auto-sequencer, auto-walk-off and load status indicator.
Bullfighter is in service with the German and Polish Navy. Buck
Neue Technologien, Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
56
RF, IR and acoustic decoys « NAVAL
v
C-GEM
Dagaie Mk2
Active offboard decoy system that can be packed into standard
sized chaff rockets. Includes a low-power technique generator
and high ERP transmitter arrays that transmit jamming signals.
Features include wide frequency coverage, extended spatial
coverage, solid-state active array, fire-and-forget operation,
electronic beam steering, very fast response, suitable for
various launcher types. Rafael Electronic Systems
Shipborne chaff and IR decoy launcher system. Comprises ten
munitions (IR centroid, chaff or rocket launcher module chaff
loadings). Ammunition weight is 50 kg per centroid suitcase, 20
kg for the rocket. Average reaction time is < 4 s Matra Defense
Equipment & Systems
Chaffstar II
v
Seduction chaff cartridge. Frequency coverage 2 – 20 GHz
(single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). 112 x 1,067 mm
dimensions. 8.2 kg (payload); 18.2 kg (complete cartridge)
weights. Sippican Inc
Chemring Current RF and IR
Countermeasures Rounds
v
Cartridge Chaff 130mm Seduction Mk36: 130 mm
mortar-launched munition for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers.
Cartridge Chaff 130mm Seduction Mk214 Mod 1 Seagnat: 130
mm NATO standard mortar-launched munition for all Seagnat
and SRBOC launchers. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Distraction
Mk216 Mod 1 Seagnat: 130 mm NATO standard rocket launched
munition for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers – fixed range.
Cartridge Chaff 130mm Distraction Mk216 Mod 3: Improved
Distraction Chaff round – insensitive munition. Cartridge Chaff
130mm Distraction PW 216 Mod 2: 130 mm calibre advanced
rocket launched munition for all Seagnat & SRBOC launchers –
variable range and barometric height sensor. Cartridge IR
130mm Seduction PIRATE: 130 mm mortar-launched
anti-imaging decoy for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers.
Cartridge IR 130mm Seduction TALOS Autofire with Base
Lifter: 130 mm mortar-launched walk-off decoy for all Seagnat
and SRBOC launchers. Cartridge Dual Chaff / IR 130mm
Seduction CHIMERA: 130 mm mortar-launched decoy with
both chaff and IR payloads against advanced threats. Cartridge
IR 130mm Seduction Mk245 A2: 130 mm mortar-launched
walk-off decoy for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers. Chemring
Countermeasures Ltd, Member of the Chemring Group
Chemring’s Future Developments of RF
and IR Countermeasures Rounds
v
Cartridge CNR 130mm Distraction PW216 Mod 3: Corner
Reflector Round for distraction and seduction signature reduced
ships. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Seduction Multi-Payload: New
variable range Seduction decoy based on successful Chimera
Dual Mode Round. Cartridge IR 130mm Seduction
Multi-Payload: Provides variable range walk off and co-located
Seduction in one round. Cartridge Chaff or IR Seduction
Variable Range Sub-munition: For small ships Cartridge
Vertical Launch with Chaff, IR or Corner Reflector Payloads:
In design consideration. Chemring Countermeasures Ltd,
Member of the Chemring Group
Corvus
v
Chaff decoy launching system. Firing arc approximately 160 deg
in azimuth and 30 deg in elevation. Launcher weight 585 kg.
Tube diameter 195 mm. Tube length 1.6 m. Vickers Shipbuilding
& Engineering Ltd
DESEAVER MK I and II
v
Decoy control and launching System. Acting on Data from the
ship’s command and control system and/or sensors, DESEAVER
launches expendable decoys with priority and timing from an
array of manoeuvring stabilised or fixed rocket launchers.
Evaluates threats, selects appropriate countermeasures,
computes deployment procedure and launches decoy. Controls
up to six types of IR, RF and acoustic rockets, allocates
resources and displays the threat and decoy environment.
Designed to operate from a single console in three modes:
automatic, where it evaluates the tactical picture, selects
threats to be engaged and generates countermeasures
response; semi-automatic, where it functions automatically but
requires operator initiation: and manual. Elbit Systems Ltd
DLF(3)
v
A refinement of Replica. Suitable for seduction, confusion and
distraction. Protects against missile threats. Irvin Aerospace Ltd
Gemini
v
Combined chaff and IR decoy cartridge. Frequency coverage 2 –
20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). 112 x
434 mm cartridge weighs 5.2 kg. Sippican Inc
Giant Mk 245
Giant represents the product family of 130 mm IR decoys for
SRBOC to protect naval vessels against anti-ship missiles
equipped with infrared (IR) sensors, including modern, imaging
IR-seekers (IIR). Giant has been successfully seeker tested
against modern IR- and IIR-seekers with highly sophisticated
ECCM during national and NATO trials. Overall length 1,208 mm,
total weight approx 21 kg, weight of one sub-munition 3 kg,
number of sub-munitions 5, IR payload per sub-munition 1,250
g, reaction time <3 sec, effective time >40 sec, effective IR
wavebands 3-5 and 8-13 microns. Options include autosequencer, load status indicator. Giant is in service with a
number of NATO navies and other naval forces worldwide. Buck
Neue Technologien Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
HIRAM II
v
IR anti-missile decoy cartridge. Ignites on impact with water.
Weight 15.9 kg. Dimensions 112 x 1,220 mm. Liquid fuel with 45
sec (min) burn time. Sippican Inc
Integrated Decoy System
v
‘Third generation’ decoy system designed to counter all modern
threats and tactics. Features real-time optimised decoy
deployment, a fixed or rotating launcher and a computerised
decoy controller that can be integrated with ESM, ECM and C4I
systems. Decoys include LRCR confusion types that present
false tactical data before an engagement to prevent accurate
location of the platform; MRCR distraction decoys to defeat
missiles when they are searching for targets, even missiles fired
in salvoes; BT-41 seduction decoys to deceive any missiles whose
seekers have locked onto the ship; and Heatrap IR decoys that
provide a ship-like signature across the IR bands. Rafael
» Rheinmetall’s Multi-Ammunition Softkill System (MASS) uses
decoys to protect ships from advanced, sensor guided missiles.
(rheinmetall)
LACROIX Naval Countermeasures
v
Shipborne expendable decoys for seduction, distraction and
seduction/dissimulation. Use both chaff and IR modules and
chaff rockets. Chaff covers I/J band. IR decoys cover 3 to 5 and
8 to 14 um bands. Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices
Lead
v
Acoustic countermeasure deployment system designed to
distribute a pattern of decoys around a warship. The LEAD
acoustic device is based on Bandfish Mk2. Enclosed within a
mortar or rocket propelled LEAD cartridge, it is launched from
standard SRBOC Mk-36/Seagnat launchers. LEAD cartridges are
fully compatible with standard launch tubes and ready use
lockers. Ultra Electronics
Light Chaff Launching System
v
Short-range twin-installation for light chaff. 105-mm cal, 6-tube
launchers. 2x6 ready-to-fire rockets. Alenia Difesa Otobreda
Division
Long-Range Chaff Rocket (LRCR)
v
Radar decoy system. Length 922 mm, weight 9.4 kg, diameter
89 mm and has a range of 10 – 12 km. Double-barrelled launcher
is 1,250 mm in length, weighs 12.5 kg and is 216 mm in diameter.
Rafael Electronic Systems Division
LOROC
v
Long Range Offboard Chaff distraction decoy cartridge.
Generates ship-sized radar echo 1 to 4.5 km from launch
position. 112 x 1,067 mm cartridge weighs 14.74 kg. Dimensions.
Frequency coverage 2 – 20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or
band coverage). Sippican Inc
LURES
v
Litton Urgent Response Electronic Seduction. Active radar
seduction decoy. Rocket launched from Mk-36 or DAGAIE Mk 2
chaff launcher. High radiated power protects large ships.
Operates for more than 1 hour. Northrop Grumman – formerly
57
MASS – Multi Ammunition Softkill System
A naval self-defence system which protects ships from attacks
by advanced, sensor-guided missiles, whether on the high seas
or in coastal waters, as well as against asymmetric terrorist
attacks. The decoys operate by seducing the incoming missile’s
target seeking system. An automated decoy system, MASS
offers substantial tactical, operational and logistical advantages
and can be installed on all kinds of ships. It can be integrated
into any command system or operated as a stand-alone unit.
The innovative, programmable omnispectral ammunition used
by MASS guarantees protection in all relevant wavelengths of
the electromagnetic spectrum (UV, EO, laser, infrared, radar).
MASS has already been successfully introduced by the navies of
Germany, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the UAE as well as another
country in the Middle East. Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
MSCAD (Mobile Softkill Countermeasure
Acoustic Decoy)
A mobile acoustic decoy compatible with the standard SRBOC
Mk-36/Sea Gnat launcher system. May be deployed alone or in
combination with Ultra’s LEAD deployment system. Both LEAD
and MSCAD generate high intensity acoustic signals, specially
designed to defeat the latest passive and active homing
torpedoes. Ultra Electronics
PK-2
For tomorrow’s threats
v
Decoy launcher. Calibre 120 mm. Rosvoorouzhenie State
Corporation
A light, simple and easy-to-use electro-optical (EO) system. It
can be deployed as a FCS for remote control of medium/small
calibre guns, as well as an optical aid to more complex Fire
Control Systems and for day and night surveillance tasks. Based
on state-of-the-art process unit and last generation EO sensors,
it belongs to the latest generation of light Surveillance/Fire
Control. MEDUSA MK4/B can be fitted with up to four sensors:
B/W TV, Laser, IR; an optional colour TV can be added. The
monitor displays the TV/IR image and presents the target data
(bearing, elevation, range) in addition to other indications (Lat,
Long, Time). SELEX Sistemi Integrati
MEDUSA MK4/L ELECTRO-OPTICAL
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
PK-16
v
Automated system for launching IR and radar decoys to protect
against subsonic and supersonic anti-ship missiles. US
adaptation of the MK 36 to increase flexibility and incorporate
the joint US/Australian NULKA decoy. Controlled by an EW suite
or integrated combat system. US MK 53 Mod 4 consists of one
decoy launch processor, six processor power supplies, four
launchers and eight decoys. Sippican
v
Decoy launcher. Calibre 82 mm. Rate of fire: 1 – 2 rounds/sec in
burst mode. Range 200 to 1,800 m. Rosvoorouzhenie State
Corporation
RBOC II
v
Chaff and IR Flare launching system – a family of mortarlaunchers, controls and support equipment. Deck mounted
stationary six tube array, each at varying elevations from 45 –
75 deg Sippican Inc
Replica
A light, simple and easy-to-use electro-optical (EO) surveillance
system, designed for maritime patrol and for sea control and
Homeland Protection operations. Based on state-of-the-art
process unit and last generation EO sensors, it belongs to the
latest generation of light Surveillance/Fire Control Systems.
The director is controlled from a Control Desk provided with
monitor, keyboard and joystick. The monitor displays the TV/IR
image and presents the target data (bearing, elevation, range)
and additional information (Lat., Long., Time). The system
can be connected to the Search or Navigation radar in order
to receive target designation. It is also able to provide target
indication towards external systems. MEDUSA MK4/L performs:
EO surveillance and search, target detection, recognition
and identification, target tracking through the Automatic
Video Tracker and video recording and play-back. SELEX
Sistemi Integrati
MK 53 Decoy Launching System
today’s solutions
Decoy launcher. Comprises two ZIF-121 launcher units and
Tersiya fire-control package. Calibre: 140 mm. 100 rounds
per launcher. Weight: 15,000 kg Rosvoorouzhenie State
Corporation
PK-10
MEDUSA MK4/B ELECTRO-OPTICAL FIRE
CONTROL SYSTEM
v
v
Automatic offboard floating decoy against ASMs. Full elevation
and azimuth coverage. Deploys on water contact giving
immediate full radar cross-section. Container size 1.14 m long,
0.55 m diameter, weighs 67 kg. Irvin Aerospace Ltd
SAGAIE Decoy System
v
EM and IR decoy system. Launcher is 2 m high, contains
10 rockets. Sweeping radius of 1.6 m. Empty weight 1,600
kg. Container length 1.8 m, diameter 33 cm, weight 80 kg
EADS, MBDA
v
SCLAR Multipurpose Rocket Launcher Close-in missile decoy system with UCLAR fire control system.
Holds 20 x 105 or 110-mm cal chaff and IR rockets with
automatic selection. Elevation from -1 to +54 deg. Training
+/- 150 deg. Maximum slewing speed in elevation 30 deg/s and
azimuth 60 deg /s. Firing rate: 1 rocket/s. Alenia Difesa
Otobreda Division
Shield Tactical Decoy System
v
Chaff and IR decoy system against ASMs. Protection through
confusion, distraction, seduction/breaklock and seduction dump
modes. Launcher available in six- to 24-barrel variants. Fuses
enable large multiband chaff deployment up to 2 miles from
ship. BAE Systems Insyte
Photograph by: Mick Storey; © Crown Copyright / MOD, image from www.photos.mod.uk
Chemring Countermeasures has over 40 years experience and is a world leader
in the design, development and manufacture of advanced RF and IR
countermeasures for air, sea and land applications.
The company’s Technology Department with its extensive research and
development facilities ensures Chemring Countermeasures is at the forefront
of the industry to counter increasingly sophisticated missile technology.
SHIELDS
Developmental Shipboard Electro-Optic Defense System is an
EO/IR closed-loop countermeasure system to defeat
sea-skimming cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles.
Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems and Sensors
58
Tel:
+ 44 (0) 1722 411 611
Web: www.chemringcm.com
Ship Launched Acoustic Decoy (SLAD)
v
Designed to protect ships from acoustic torpedoes, 112 mm or
130 mm SLAD cartridges can be launched from standard RBOC
II or SRBOC launchers. SLAD deploys an acoustic transmitter
under a float and puts out a powerful broadband jamming signal
followed by a ship-like seduction signature. Also compatible with
ALEX decoy launchers. Sippican
SKWS Naval Decoy System
v
Lightweight launcher developed for small and large ships
carrying standard 130 mm tubes in fixed positions in various
azimuth angles. 6 and 12 tube launchers; low-pressure deck
mounts; 360 deg coverage; advanced launch algorithms;
automated operation; C3 integration. TERMA AS
SRBOC (Super Rapid Blooming Off
Board Chaff)
v
Chaff and IR flare launching system with power converter,
bridge and master launcher controls, and service lockers each
storing up to 35 cartridges. Deck-mounted fixed tube launcher
with elevation angles of 45 and 60 deg. Sippican Inc
Super Chaffstar (PIC)
v
Rapid bloom seduction chaff decoy cartridge covering 2 – 20
GHz. Cartridge weight 22.2 kg. Dimensions 130 x 1,220 mm.
Sippican Inc
Super Gemini
v
Combined chaff and IR decoy cartridge covering 2 – 20 GHz
(single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). Cartridge weight
20 kg. Dimensions 130 x 1,220 mm. Sippican Inc
Super Hiram III
v
Large (22 kg) floating IR decoy compatible with SRBOC
launcher. Dimensions 130 x 1,200 mm Sippican Inc
Super LOROC
v
Distraction chaff cartridge complementing seduction rounds
and compatible with SRBOC launcher system. Cartridge weight
21.8 kg. Dimensions 130 x 1,220 mm. Covers 2 – 20 GHz (single/
multiple frequencies or band). Sippican Inc
SuperBarricade Decoy System
v
Chaff & IR flare countermeasures system offering confusion,
distraction, seduction/centroid and dump modes. Two
lightweight fixed launchers (24 barrels in total), control system
(control unit, tactical computer and bridge display unit). IR
decoys (emitting both 3 – 5 and 8 – 14 µm) deployed from 102
mm rocket. Wallop Defence Systems Ltd
Super Walk-Off IR Decoy
v
Seduction IR decoy compatible with SRBOC. Produces several
small IR clouds in sequence at increasing distances from the
ship to ‘walk’ the missile away. Diameter: 130 mm. Overall
length: 1,200 mm. Weight: 23 kg. Burn time: 15 seconds
(minimum). Sippican
60
ESM and jammers « NAVAL
APECS II
ESM & JAMMERS
Aldebaran
v
Electronic support measures/electronic countermeasures (ESM/
ECM) system INDRA
Altesse
v
ALerT and Surface Ship Evaluation. Provides alert on
communication signals, tactical situation development and
COMINT. Includes new functions to cope with dense
environment, frequency hopping signals, burst etc. Covers 20 to
500 MHz (extensions to 1 MHz and 3,000 MHz optional); bearing
accuracy 1 deg RMS. Interfaces with combat system via RS 232C,
Ethernet. Antenna types are ANT 184-A (20 to 3,000 MHz), ANT
206 (1 to 3,000 MHz). used with TR 274 H/V/UHF digital
communication jammer. Thales
AN/BLQ-10(V)
,
Submarine ESM and threat warning optimised for dense
electromagnetic environment of littoral battlespace. Described
as an ‘affordable, low-risk, modern’ tactical EW system, it offers
automatic detection, acquisition, identification and localisation;
‘full spectrum’ radar processing; automatic threat warning and
situation assessment; extensive commercial off-the-shelf and
non-developmental hardware and software; open architecture.
Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems and Sensors
AN/SLQ-32(V) EW System
v
The US Navy’s principal EW system for surface combatants. It is
available in five versions: the (V)1 and (V)2 suites, are passive,
providing early warning, identification and direction finding
capability for simultaneous multiple threats. The (V)3 suite, in
addition to the capability of the (V)2 provides active response
for simultaneous jamming of multiple threats. The (V)4, an
expanded variant of the (V)3, is used on aircraft carriers. The
(V)5 marries a (V)2 with an active jammer called ‘Sidekick’.
Raytheon Company
AN/SLY-2(V)
v
Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS)
developed to replace AN/SLQ-32. Features include: precision Az/
El; proven multi-path recognition and rejection techniques;
situation assessment; reduced EMI/Improved EMC; integrated
hardkill/softkill decisions; intelligent and adaptive blanking.
Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems
AN/SSQ-108 OUTBOARD
v
Large, sophisticated radio communications detection and
analysis system fitted to large combatants in the US and UK
navies. It is capable of determining enemy electronic order of
battle at long range, including over the horizon. It is now subject
of the Co-operative OutBoard Logistics Upgrade project. BAE
v
Advanced programmable ESM and ECM
system covering 0.5 to 18 GHz.
Phased-array transmitters jam through
360 deg and with an 18 dBm average ERP
over threat-frequency range. Tracks up to
500 signals in dense environments and up
to 24 threats simultaneously. Intercepts,
processes and jams both frequency- and
PRI-agile systems. Concentrates jamming
on highest priority threats. Crosspolarisation techniques counter monopulse
seeker radars. Countermeasures
techniques include spot and barrage
jamming, swept-spot noise and cover pulse,
plus a variety of deception-jamming
modes. EDO Corporation
AR-700A (V1), (V2),
(V3)
v,
Family of ESM and direction finding systems for surface ships,
submarines and aircraft. Covers 0.5 to 18 GHz, extendible to 40
GHz. Core is ASP-2000 signal processor. V1 provides ESM over
2-18 GHz and DF to 5º RMS. V2 improves V1 DF accuracy to 2º
RMS and adds 0.5-2 GHz coverage. V3 adds operator console.
ARGOSystems
AR-900
,v
» USS John Paul Jones (DDG 53), like most USN combatants, is
fitted with the SLQ-32 EW system scheduled for replacement
with the advanced SLY-2(V). (us navy)
Bald Head
,
NATO reporting name for Russian submarine RWR and ESM
system thought also to serve as a passive targeting aid for
anti-ship missiles.
Effective ESM capability for small ships and submarines.
Provides 360º, 1 – 18 GHz RF coverage for 100% PoI and highly
accurate DF. Stand-alone or easily integrated in the shipboard
combat systems. Options: frequency extensions to 40 GHz;
miniaturised antenna for submarine optronic masts. EDO
Corporation
ARBB 33 Jammer
v
Shipborne noise and deception jammer (supersedes ARBB
32). Active against designation, pulsed fire control and active
missile seeker radars. Jamming modes include continuous
noise, pulsed noise, cover pulsed, synchronous and
asynchronous false echoes, and range gate pull off. Operates
in H/I and J bands, covering two 180 deg sectors. Thirty-six 10
deg lobes cover both sides and direction-find to within 5 deg.
Thales Aerospace Division
ARBR-17
v
Radar detection, analysis and threat warning system.
Omnidirectional antenna and eight-port directional antenna
occupy same mast. Fitted to several French-built warships.
ARES-2N
v
Naval Platform Radar ESM capable of detecting, intercepting,
identifying, classifying, tracking, Direction-Finding, localizing,
audio warning, platform correlating and recording the
electromagnetic emissions. A key feature of the system is
its precision parameter measurement and advanced emitter
characterization capabilities. The system can trace marked
emitters and locate them automatically. Frequency Range:
(2-18 GHz). Aselsan
Bell Nip
v
NATO reporting name for Russian Kursk RWR and ECM control
system for large combatants such as carriers and Kirov class
large guided missile cruisers. Two sets of antennas cover 8 – 20
and 10 – 40 GHz bands.
Bell Shroud
v
NATO reporting name for Russian MP-401 Start RWR and
jammer (Bell Squat) control system for frigates & destroyers.
Bell Slam
NATO reporting name for RWR system.
Bell Tap
v
v
NATO reporting name. Directional ESM system. Covers 4 – 10
GHz. Bearing accuracy approximately 2.5 deg.
BLQ-355
,
Submarine ESM system with IFM receiver covering 2 to 20 GHz.
Offers 100% probability of intercept, identifies, and tracks radar
emitters. Fitted to Spanish Navy Galerna class submarines and
Type 209s of other navies. INDRA DTD.
BM/HZ-8610
Sensitive (better than -70 dBW), accurate(2.5 deg RMS)
DF systems covering 2-18 GHz, data storage capability of
500 – 1,000 modes. China National Electronics Import
& Export Corp
Brick Group
,v
NATO reporting name for ESM/threat warning equipment
61
NAVAL » ESM and jammers
COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE & ELECTRONIC
WARFARE SOLUTIONS (CIEW)
CIEW is the new-generation range of COMINT & EW services,
systems and equipments developed by Thales Land & Joint
systems division to cue the decision-maker in the current
operational environment. It is primarily designed to deliver
information dominance and enable Command & Control
operations on the newly digitised battlespace. The CIEW family,
gathered under the Q brand, includes the global know-how of
Thales to design and deliver COMINT & EW solutions tailored to
the missions and operational environments of defence and
security users, respectively named Intelligence Q, Land Q and
Naval Q. Land Q is a range of electronic support and electronic
attack solutions tailored to Army tactical users. It is designed to
target the current and near-term communication signals of
airland engagement. Naval Q is a range of electronic support
and electronic attack solutions tailored to maritime tactical
users, either on littoral or onboard combat ships. It is designed
to target the current and near-term communications
environment of littoral and naval operations. Intelligence Q is a
range of strategic intelligence gathering solutions for national
or joint users. It is designed to meet the current and near-term
communications signals of the homeland defence, border
monitoring and national security environments. The Q mission
packages all rely on the same core equipment capabilities for
interception, analysis, direction-finding and C2 warfare or force
protection, which can be tailored to fulfil each user’s operational
environment. Thales Land & Joint Systems
Cross Loop
v
NATO reporting name for a DF system associated with small
Russian surface combatants and support ships.
CS-3600 ESM Systems
A precision ESM system featuring a unique receiver architecture
covering the 2 to 18 GHz frequency range (extended frequency
options available.) The system is designed for use in naval and
ground based applications. The dual receiver architecture was
selected to meet demanding ESM requirements for 100%
probability of emitter intercept and the ability to work in dense
RF environments. The CS-3600 ESM System consists of a
monopulse DF and omni antenna array, a pulse analyzer unit,
IFM and channelised receivers, a VME DF processor, and an
operator workstation. Rockwell Collins
CS-5060
v
Fully automatic ESM/ELINT system in use by US and allies on
ships, aircraft and ground platforms. It combines long-range
signal detection, high probability of intercept, fine grain
parameter measurement and complex signal handling. EDO
Corporation
CS-6040 Microwave Receiver/Tuner
See ELINT & COMINT Systems in AIRBORNE section.
Rockwell Collins
C-PEARL
,v
DIGITAL SHARK ECM
A compact lightweight state-of-the-art ESM system, based on a
modern Digital Receiver, enabling automatic detection, data
measurement and identification of threats. Offering high
reliability and maintainability, it delivers 100% probability of
intercept and very high accuracy of frequency and direction
measurements with intra-pulse data. The C-PEARL family of
ESM systems is fully qualified and operational in conjunction
with on-board radars, and integrated with various combat
systems. A single small antenna array handles both
Instantaneous Frequency Measurement and Instantaneous
Direction Finding with common multiple channel digital
receivers. This unprecedented combination yields 100%
probability of single pulse intercept at full dynamic range
probability and frequency coverage with excellent frequency
filtering. The ESM antenna introduces a very low Radar
Cross Section (RCS) which is essential for stealth design.
C-PEARL-DV is a stand-alone ESM system which can be easily
integrated with the Digital SHARK ECM system. Rafael
A state-of-the-art ECM system consisting
of a modern digital receiver; an advanced
DRFM based technique generator
integrated with Multi-Beam Array
Transmitter (MBAT). This system enables
the ship’s EW suite to support appropriate
defensive response against all types of
airborne radars, surface radars and missile
seekers. Main Features: Compact ECM
system; DRFM based fast coherent and
accurate frequency set-on; Power
management; Advanced and modern
trackers and techniques generators; High
transmitting power; Fast beam switching;
Easy software maintenance through the
use of standard data buses and high-level
language; High reliability and
maintainability; Modular system with
growth potential; Interfaces with other
combat systems and data sources. Rafael Electronic
Systems Division
C-PEARL-S
,
A variant of C-PEARL adapted for submarines by integrating
a unique antenna array with the submarine’s ESM mast,
search periscope and attack periscope. Rafael Electronic
Systems Division
Cicada-R ,v
The Cicada-R subsystem has the capability to provide a
platform with self-protection by means of jamming or deception
countermeasure techniques against either single or multiple
threats that are active on the 6.5-18 GHz frequency band.,
The sophisticated jamming and deceiving unit is used to counter
complex radar signals (based on DRFM technology). Cicada-R
uses a pointing ECM antenna (radome with parabolic and horn
antenna on stabilised 3-axis platform). As option a phased array
ECM antenna can be used. Frequency range: 6 to 18 GHz. MRCM
COLDS
,v
Common Opto-Electronic Laser Detection System detects laser
sources of 0.4 to 1.1 nanometres with extension to Band 2 (1.1 nm
to 1.7 nm) achieved with two dedicated sensor heads and extra
computer cards. Can work as a stand-alone system with its
own control and display unit or integrated with C2 or combat
systems. Sensor head covers a 186 deg in azimuth and 90 deg in
elevation. Elevation FOV can be mechanically adjusted within 90
deg (–25 deg to +65 deg). Four configurations are available for
different ship lengths and wavelength coverage: 1. COLDS 70/1:
Ships up to 70m, Band 1 coverage. 2. COLDS 70/2: Ships up to
70m Band 1 and 2 coverage. 3. COLDS 140/1: Ships up to 140m,
Band 1 coverage. 4. COLDS 140/2: Ships up to 140m, Band 1 and
2 coverage. EADS LFK
DM/A-301
» Electronics technicians work aloft on one of the amphibious
assault ship USS Tarawa’s radars while at anchor in the Suez
Canal. (us navy)
v,
Low cost ESM system suitable for ships, submarines and ground
stations. Aircraft and helicopter version can also be provided.
Frequency range from 2-18 GHz and 3 MHz RMS accuracy. DF
accuracy 5ºRMS (depending on installation). Over 1 Mpps
processing capability, user programmable Data Base and
recording capability for ELINT analysis. DTS Ltda
EAGLE
The Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment
(EAGLE) is a family of integrated electronic support receiver
systems for ISR, ELINT and ESM applications. Net-Centric in its
architecture, the EAGLE technology supports rapid emitter
detection, DF and signal measurement. Wide instantaneous
bandwidth operation allows the EAGLE to search many
thousands of frequency bins per second in any predetermined
set of frequency bands over its entire frequency range.
Wideband digital receiver operation combined with an advanced
pulse processor and modern software-based DSP technology
ensures that the EAGLE is effective at intercepting modern
large time-bandwidth product radar emitters, as well as
conventional radar types. Frequency coverage: typically from
0.5 to 18.0 GHz. Special EAGLE systems can be supplied to
cover 30 MHz to 40.0 GHz in a single VXI Chassis. Telemus
ES-3701(V)
,vb
Tactical ESM surveillance and RWR system. 360 deg high
precision monopulse DF combined with patented ‘autohet’
receiver for 100% POI. Designed for smaller ships, submarines.
Provides situation awareness, targeting, self protection and
surveillance, includes a Microsoft Windows-NT HMI. EDO
Corporation
ESTAS
ESTAS is a three-dimensional ESM Shipborne Threat Alert and
Surveillance system. Features instantaneous hemispherical
coverage, high sensitivity and high POI, automatic rejection of
jamming and interference, built-in ELINT collection and analysis,
automatic 3D DoA – azimuth and elevation measurements,
flexible interfaces, integrated logistic support, multi-band
coverage, automatic extraction of signal parameters and
emitter/platform classification. Can distinguish between
airborne and surface threats and has ‘special capabilities’ to
detect Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radars, according to
ELTA. ELTA Systems Ltd
EWCC – Electronic Warfare Command &
Control system
The EWCC System coordinates engagement plans and performs
appropriate softkill reactions against threats (anti-ship missiles,
targeting radars, etc). It controls EW sensors and effectors in
conjunction with the Combat System for picture compilation,
threat evaluation and weapon assignment. The EWCC’s new
concept of EW library contains threat description as well as
associated countermeasures. SAGEM Défense Sécurité
FL-1800U
,
Submarine ESM system covering 2 – 18 GHz. Azimuth coverage
360 deg. Elevation coverage -10 to +60 deg. EADS Deutschland
GmbH
FL-1800S
v
Shipborne radar detection, analysis and jamming system
covering 0.5 to 18 GHz. Offers 360 deg coverage. EADS
Deutschland GmbH
ESM system covering 0.5 – 40 GHz for all types of ships and
submarines. Spatial coverage 360 deg azimuth; typical 40 deg
elevation. Sensitivity -60 dBm. Very accurate DF and pulse/CW
measurements. Optional ELINT capabilities. Can be integrated
with ECM system such as RAFAEL SHARK system. Rafael
62
C-PEARL-DV
Flat Track
v
NATO reporting name. Barrage & deception radar jamming
system able to counter anti-ship missiles. Rosvoorouzhenie
State Corporation
63
Maigret 5800
v,
The system combines radar ESM (Maigret R 5800) and
communications ESM (Maigret C 5800) inputs in the frequency
range of 0.25 MHz to 40 GHz. The system can also have
extended roles, such as ELINT and COMINT (Electronic and
Communications Intelligence). Communications ESM has a
frequency range from 0.25 MHz to 3,000 MHz. For the tactical
Radar ESM systems, based on digital reception, the frequency
range from 2 to 18 GHz with the ability to extend it down to 0.5
GHz and up to 40 GHz is available. Maigret 5800 offers a one
mast antenna solution with an outstanding sensitivity and
bearing accuracy. MRCM
MBAT/RAN 1010 and 1020
v
Multibeam jammers covering 7.5 – 18 GHz with 360 deg
instantaneous azimuth coverage. Very high ERP with options for
antenna stabilization. Fast beam steering with multi-lobe
jamming. Rafael Electronic Systems Division
Mentor 2000
v
ESM system. Frequency coverage 2 – 18 GHz and 0.5 – 40 GHz
option. Azimuth coverage 360 deg. Bearing accuracy 2 to 3 deg.
Library size 40,000 radar modes. Reaction time < 1 s. SELEX
Sensors and Airborne Systems
MRKP-60
,
Combined RWR and navigational radar for submarines. Offers
24 RWR and eight active radar channels. Weight 700 kg.
Rosvoorouzhenie
NATACS 2000(ICON) SHIP
Integrated tactical COMINT and DF system covering HF (0.1 to
30 MHz) and V/UHF (20,000 MHz) bands. Very fast scanning
(using wideband receivers) counters advanced frequency agile
communications in dense electromagnetic environments,
enables monitoring, direction and location finding, signal
classification and digital audio recording. Fusion of the data with
that from on-board ESM systems enables completion of the
tactical picture. Described as fully operational with the Israeli
and other navies. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member
of the Elisra Group
Naval Laser Warner System
The NLWS are optimised for detection and classification of:
range finders, dazzlers, target designator and Command to Line
of Sight (CLOS) missile guidance systems (beam riders). The
system consists of a number of 310 and 500 sensors. The 310
sensors provide azimuth coverage of 90 deg and elevation
coverage of 80 deg. The 500 sensors provide top coverage of
100° conical, which provides warning against high attack angle
threats such as laser-guided bombs. The system DF accuracy is
7.5 deg RMS. Wavelength coverage is 0.53 to 1.8 microns. The
NLWS can be installed as a stand-alone system or can be
interfaced with CMS and a Countermeasure system. Saab
Avitronics
Naval Laser Warner
v
Series 1223 Laser Warner modified helicopter LWR for surface
platforms.(See Airborne Laser Warner entry). SELEX Sensors
64
Nettuno 4100 Family
v
The Nettuno 4100 systems provide naval platforms with an
Active Electronic Defence effective against both terminal
missile attacks and long range designation radar systems. The
modular ECM product is based on all-solid-state technology.
Variants available suitable for corvettes, frigates and
destroyers/large-frigates. Designed to concentrate power in the
required direction, dealing with simultaneous threats. No
mechanical stabilisation required, no moving parts and no
wave-guides, only cables. Outstanding reliability and availability,
very soft degradation. Elettronica SpA
NOLQ-1/NOLQ-2 EW Suite
v
Includes ESM system, jammers and SRBOC decoy launcher.
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
NOLR series (-5, -6, -6C, -8, -9)
v
ESM systems fitted to several classes of Japanese Maritime Self
Defence Force warships.
NS-210E
v
Lightweight shipborne ESM for real time Electronic Order of
Battle generation and immediate threat warning. Comprises
omni-directional antenna; high-gain directional antenna, front
end RF unit, receiver/processor and operator’s console.
Features: Automatic detection and ID of radars; high POI, long
detection range; accurate DF; fast reaction for threat warning;
audio and visual alert signals; combined digital IFM/superhet
receiver; presentation of EOB; handling of dense environment
and exotic signals; automatic or manual operation; recording
data for analysis. Covers 0.5 – 18 GHz; DF accuracy of 1 deg to 15
deg RMS. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
NS-9003A-V2/9005 ESM/ECM Suite
v
Integrated ESM and countermeasures control system that
provides a ship with real-time EOB, immediate threat warning
and automatic ECM response. Offers 100% POI of over-thehorizon signals, performs IFM and DF on a per-pulse basis. It
covers 2 – 18 GHz (optional 0.5 – 40 GHz). Covers 360 deg in
azimuth. ECM frequency range I/J bands. ECM techniques
include spoofing, jamming deception, tracker synchronisation
and look-through. Up to 16 simultaneous ECM engagements.
Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd
NS-9005 Radar Jammer
v
Noise and deception jammer covering 7.5 to 18 GHz. Generates
spot, barrage or swept noise jamming and deception
modulations (range/angle gate pull off and false targets). Elisra
Electronic Systems Ltd
Nulka
v
All weather, rocket launched, hovering active missile decoy.
Manual, semi-automatic and automatic modes. Fire control
system receives data from ship’s combat system. Weighs 400 kg
fully loaded and shock mounted BAE Systems (Australia)
OLR-13
Special naval version of the Communications-Electronic
Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment (C-EAGLE) COMINT
and Wideband Communications Surveillance System. Telemus
OLR-9/-9B
v
Threat warning systems reported on Japanese
Maritime Self Defence Force destroyers of the
Hatakaze, Haruna and Shirane classes. Fujitsu
OLT-3
Radar jamming system. Fujitsu Ltd
Outfit UAP
v
,
ESM system for RN Submarines. Thales
Aerospace Division
Outfit UAT
v
ESM system for RN surface vessels. Eight
element antenna array, receiver/processor,
operator’s console. Integrated into ship’s
command system. Thales Aerospace Division
PALS
v
Passive Littoral Surveillance System. Ship
ESM, situational awareness and surveillance capability for EEZ
Management. Using specific enhanced emitter identification
software and algorithms to identify and monitor vessels in the
littoral environment enabling the creation of databases and
contact libraries. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
,
,v
Park Lamp
NATO reporting name for Russian submarine DF system.
Phoenix
Automatic ESM and DF system covering the 2-18 GHz band. Uses
an instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver.
ARGOSystems
Prism III
v
ESM receiver with threat warning capability. Frequency 2 – 18
GHz (0.5 – 2 GHz). Four antenna monopulse DF array. Interface
with combat system or console option. Weight Signal processor
31 kg and antenna 36 kg. BAE SYSTEMS (Australia)
Quad Loop
,
NATO reporting name for Russian submarine DF and
monitoring systems
Rim Hat
NATO reporting name for Russian submarine RWR
RM/HZ 8610
,
v
ESM, threat warning & countermeasures control system
covering frequency bands from 2 – 8 GHz and 7.5 – 18 GHz.
Elevation coverage -10 to +30 deg, 360 deg azimuth. Stores
500-1,000 radar modes. China National Electronics Import &
Export Corp
Rum Tub
v
NATO reporting name for Russian MP-404 submarine ESM
antenna group.
RW-23-1 RWR
» A SELEX Siren decoy is propelled by its rocket motor from its
launch tube in a trial firing at sea. (selex)
S-EAGLE
The Signals-Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating
Equipment (S-EAGLE) is a family of integrated electronic
support receiver systems for ISR and SIGINT. S-EAGLE can be
used for both radar emitter and communications signals
surveillance, intercept, and analysis. It is built using VXI (VME
bus Extension for Instrumentation) based tuners (receivers),
advanced pulse processors, signal digitizers and software-based
radio and DSP technology. The S-EAGLE offers the ability to run
both COMINT and ELINT on a single receiver hardware platform
and a single PC server processor. S-EAGLE uses RAVEN-ES/SE
software, a family of real-time Windows-NT/2000/XP
applications designed to support the entire family of EAGLE ES
systems. Frequency coverage: typically from 10 kHz to 18.25 GHz
in a single integrated system or VXI Chassis. Telemus
Sabre
v
Modular high performance ESM and jamming system covering
0.5 – 18 GHz (option to 40 GHz). Automatically identifies and
tracks emitters. Uses a phased-array transmitter with high ERP,
interoperable with phased-array radars. Steerable antenna has
polarisation control. Jammer uses advanced DRFM-based
techniques generator plus a wide range of noise and deception
techniques. Accuracy 2 deg RMS. Sensitivity -60 dBm. Dynamic
range 60 dB. Processing time <1 s. Jammer offers diverse modes
over 7.5 – 18 GHz using phased array and steerable antennas.
Scorpion 2
v
Noise and deception jamming system covering 7.5 to 18 GHz.
Covers 360° in azimuth, transmits up to 350 kW ERP and
handles up to 6 threats at once. Polarisation is variable. Offers
automatic, semi-automatic and manual activation of jamming.
v
Shipborne RWR. Covers 2 to 18 GHz frequency band. Weighs 238
kg. China National Electronics Import & Export Corp
65
SCR-390(V) 1/2
v
Communication interception receiver system. Detects, locates,
monitors, records, classifies and analyses V/UHF signals, HF
optional. Active and passive capabilities integrated into a single
operator position; standard connections to C2 and navigation
systems; option of automatic transmission modulation type
classifier. INDRA
The different family configurations can provide: self-protection
function, with the capability to drive automatically active ECM
equipment (jammers) or passive ECM equipment (chaff & flares);
Tactical ELINT functions, with a specific law enforcement
application; enhanced ELINT functions, providing the capability
to operate in a very high density scenario without performance
degradation, detection of LPI emitters and passive ranging and
localization. The systems can work with Nettuno-4100 ECM, to
form a fully integrated ESM/ECM system. MPEC compatibility
functions. Elettronica
,v
Search and warning system for surface vessels and submarines.
Frequency coverage 2 – 18 GHz. (0.5 – 40 GHz options available).
DF accuracy 3 deg RMS. Sensitivity -62 dBm. Dynamic range 60
dB. Thales Aerospace Division
SES-210
v
v,
The SME/UME surface and subsurface Systems consist of a
range of compact, high performance units using CW immune
ESM, ELINT and LPI receivers in a parallel architecture. The
Systems detect, intercept, analyse and identify radar signals in
the 2-18 Ghz (optional 1 – 40 Ghz) frequency range with a
frequency resolution of 1.25Mhz. The Systems provide full 360°
DF coverage with 5° RMS accuracy for the Amplitude DF
configuration and 2° RMS for the Interferometric Phase
configuration. Pulse density capability of 2.5 million pulses per
second. System sensitivity of –65 dBm for Wideband, –75 dBm
for Narrowband and –80 dBm for the optional Spin DF system.
Systems are suitable to be fitted to frigates, corvettes, OPVs,
FACs and submarines. Saab Avitronics
Squid Head
SRS-1 (Combat DF)
v
SSQ-95(V)
A shipborne EW suite based on digital receivers and digital
technique generators, optimized to handle very dense
electromagnetic environments. Capable of threat identification
and simultaneous jamming and deception of multiple threats, it
is an EW system for both ESM and ECM applications. Featuring
high Effective Radiated Power (ERP) and advanced DRFM based
Technique Generator, the system employs advanced power
management techniques to provide the winning-edge against
any challenge. From real-time signal detection and analysis in a
complex electromagnetic environment, through identification,
jamming and deceiving of surface ships, attacking missiles,
aircraft and radar sites, SEWS-DV is the system of choice,
whatever the threat. Designed to fit on-board all types of ships
including OPVs, corvettes, frigates and destroyers, it meets
MIL-E-16400 requirements. Operated by a single crew member,
SEWS-DV features high reliability and maintainability, as well as
full modularity, enabling expansion according to user
requirements. The system easily interfaces with the Combat
Management System (CMS) and other on-board combat and
data systems. Rafael Electronic Systems Division
Side Globe
v
NATO reporting name. Noise jamming system for large surface
ships. Covers C, E/F and I/J bands.
Siren v
Active offboard decoy incorporating directional RF jammer.
Consists of low g rocket, parawing, transmitter, receiver and
antennas, control electronics and a battery source. Length 1.70 m,
13 cm diameter and weight 28 kg. 130 mm fixed launcher. SELEX
Sensors and Airborne Systems / Thales Aerospace Division
66
,
NATO reporting name for Russian submarine DF and intercept
system
Lightweight ELINT and ESM system covering 0.5 to 18 GHz with
an option to extend to 40 GHz. Countermeasures can be
integrated. Elisra Electronic Systems.
SEWS-DV
v
Radar detection, analysis and warning system. Instantaneous
frequency measuring antenna and receiver subsystem. Data
transfer unit incorporating high speed digital processor.
CANEWS II available. No longer in production. Lockheed
Martin Canada
SME/UME range of ESM and
ELINT Systems
Seal Family
Sealion
SLQ-501 CANEWS
v
Digital DF and signals exploitation system. BAE SYSTEMS
North America
v
Active electronic decoy buoy. Operates in I/J bands.
Self-contained A-size package weighing 17.3 kg (914 x 125 mm).
Operational in high sea-states, reusable. Lockheed Martin
Electronics & Missiles Systems
Stop Light
,
NATO reporting name for Russian ‘Nakat’ broadband ESM
system with instantaneous frequency measurement. Widely
exported.
TDF-1200-3G
v bx
Self-contained, multichannel, wideband interferometric DF
system covering 20 to 3,000 MHz. Can operate alone or as part
of a master/slave emitter location network. High scanning rates
handle extremely dense electromagnetic environments with
frequency hopping, burst and other agile transmissions. Can
also operate as part of the ground-based EWIS integrated
electronic warfare suite. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a
member of the Elisra Group
TIMNEX II
,
TIMNEX II is the third generation of an advanced ESM/ELINT
system for submarines which performs detection, direction
finding, identification, display and recording of electromagnetic
emitters in real time. Covers 2-18 GHz with optional expansion
up to 0.5-40 GHz. Advanced processors, high sensitivity, help
assure 100% probability of intercept, while small antenna
provides outstanding bearing measurement accuracy, says Elbit.
TIMNEX II assures very short response time for analyses of all
types of radars and high omni-directional probability in dense
EM environments. TIMNEX II-C includes a fully integrated
COMINT segment for full electromagnetic analysis. The TIMNEX
family is modular, adaptable to simple and sophisticated
configurations, and tailored to customer operational
requirements. It can be supplied as a stand-alone system or fully
integrated into the submarine combat system. Operational on
board the Israeli Dolphin and Gal class submarines and various
other submarines worldwide. Elbit Systems Ltd, Haifa
TRC 273 SMART RHINO TACTICAL HF JAMMER
Enhanced HF communications ECM system covering the 1.5-30
MHz frequency band. It offers enhanced HF interception and
follower-jammer capability. It puts out up to 1 kW of power
through several types of antenna configurations. Thales Land &
Joint Systems
TRC 274 Tactical H/V/UHF jammer
The TRC 274 family of smart jammers is a digital and modular
ECM solution designed for selective denial and disruption of
hostile command & control assets. Featuring built-in ESM, it is
designed to degrade, deceive or deny military, paramilitary and
civilian communication networks. A compact design, a short
set-up time, and mobile features provide TRC 274 with tactical
characteristics ideal for use in a variety of sea, air and land
configurations. It can either be integrated in an electronic
warfare system or rely on its own interception, signal processing
and broadcast abilities to provide electronic attack or force
support. Waveband coverage: HF (1.5-30 MHz); V/UHF (20-3,000
MHz). Covers up to 800 protect frequencies or 10 sub-bands. Up
to 1kW power amplifier. Thales Land & Joint Systems
TRC 6200 SIOUX COMPACT WIDE BAND
DIRECTION FINDER
The TRC 6200 is a new generation of wideband interceptor and
direction finder designed for tactical use : real-time search,
interception, direction finding, automatic targets classification,
analysis, and recording of all RF signals, including frequencyagile emissions. It is based on advanced miniaturized
technology which leads to a very compact, manpack design,
high performance multi-purpose sensor. TRC 6200 Sioux is
designed with a modular architecture (block and module levels)
and enables service upgrades through technology insertion. HF
& VUHF frequency band : 2-3000 MHz. Instantaneous bandwidth
: 40 MHz in VUHF & 2 MHz in HF. Offers automatic emitters
classification (fixed, burst, frequency hopping). Lightweight
packaging (<12 kg). A man-portable version with integrated DF
antenna is available. Laptop or PDA exploitation also offered.
Thales Land & Joint Systems
TRC 6300 XPLORER DIGITAL INTERCEPTOR &
DIRECTION FINDER
The TRC 6300 is a new generation of digital radio sensor
designed for fast real time interception, direction finding,
automatic classification and tracking of complex broadband
VUHF signals in a dense electromagnetic environment. It can
either be integrated in a wider electronic warfare system or rely
on its own interception, classification and exploitation
capabilities to carry out any land, maritime or airborne mission.
Frequency band : 20-3000 MHz. Instantaneous bandwidth : 20
MHz. Scanning speed : > 20 GHz/sec. It can cope with most agile
signals (80µs LPI signal) in dense environments thanks to
processing capabilities > 1million DF/s. It also provides automatic
emitter classification (fixed, burst, frequency hopping). Thales
Land & Joint Systems
TRC 6400 TACTICAL WIDEBAND COMINT
SIGNAL ANALYZER
The TRC 6400 features a single wideband channel (HF, V/UHF,
HV/UHF). Real-time wideband panoramic display : 300 kHz in HF
(2 MHz in option), 20 MHz in V/UHF. Offers: automatic
modulation recognition, real-time demodulation and decoding,
automatic or manual digital recording, off-line signal analysis,
tactical packaging. Thales Land & Joint Systems
TRC 6500 DIGITAL INTERCEPTOR AND
DIRECTION FINDER
The TRC6500 is a new generation of digital radio sensor
designed for fast real time interception, direction finding,
automatic classification and tracking of complex broadband HF,
VUHF and SHF signals. It is based on the latest technology
allowing high performance on an open architecture. It can either
be integrated in a wider intelligence or EW system or rely on its
own interception, classification and exploitation capabilities to
carry out any land, naval or airborne mission. Frequency band :
1-6000 MHz. Instantaneous HF bandwidth : 30 MHz.
Instantaneous bandwidth V/U/SHF : 80 MHz. TRC 6500 can
cope with most agile signals (80µs LPI signal) in dense
environments. It offers automatic emitter classification (fixed,
burst, frequency hopping), and automatic emitter identification.
Other features include wide Band buffering and recording;
multi-channel (HF, V/UHF, SHF); real-time wideband panoramic
display; automatic direction finding; real-time demodulation
and decoding; automatic or manual digital recording. Thales
Land & Joint Systems
TRC 8310 PASSIVE MULTIMODE SENSOR FOR
LITTORAL SURVEILLANCE
The TRC 8310 performs co-operative vessel monitoring. It
confirms location by decoding the Maritime Mobile Service
Identity (MMSI) and by Direction Finding (DF) of the Automatic
Identification System (AIS) transmitters. For non co-operative
vessel monitoring it exploits passive detection and direction
finding of echoes, by using terrestrial numerical television (TNT)
networks. In addition it can include further spectrum survey
capabilities, such as GSM, PMR, Thuraya, Inmarsat monitoring
and DF, ATC/VTS decodingand DF, PCL with FM, DAB etc.
Frequency band : 20 MHz –3 GHz. Simultaneous processing of
AIS & TV channels. AIS DF principle : wide aperture azimuth,
interferometry. PCL detection: adaptive ST reference filters.
PCL anti-jamming : echoe 80 dB below the direct path. PCL
resolution: horizontal elliptic range: 30m. Thales Land & Joint
Systems
TWR-3000
v
Wideband receiving system covering 20 to 3,000 MHz.
Incorporates an embedded ‘activity detector’ which samples
frequency sub-bands and processes the data by FFT ‘machine’
and other sophisticated algorithms. Processed output is an
‘activity vector’ including all detected channels within the
sub-band. Fast scanning handles extremely dense environments
characterised by frequency hopping, burst and other agile
transmissions. Integrated into a variety of COMINT systems for
fast searching and scanning, providing the initial data needed by
other subsystems for monitoring, classification, analysis,
recording and jamming. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a
member of the Elisra Group.
67
Type 18
,
Submarine DF and ESM system reportedly fitted to USN attack
submarines. BAE SYSTEMS North America
UL-5000K
,
v
Receives radar signals through antenna assembly (omnidirectional antenna and an array of directional antennas).
Signals are passed to the receiver/processor where frequency
and angle of arrival are measured and digitised. Signal
processor associates pulses with each other, measures pulse
train modulation characteristics, forms report which is
compared against library. Argon ST Inc
v
WBR-3000 ESM/ELINT/DF System
Shipborne radar detection, analysis and jamming system
covering 2 to 18 GHz. Offers 360 deg coverage. EADS
Deutschland GmbH
Vampir New Generation VNG WBR-2500 ESM System
IR search and track system; third generation 3 – 5 or 8 – 12 um
IRCCD focal plane array (640 x 512); rotating sensor head 550
mm diameter x 1.2 m high; simultaneous tracking of 100 targets.
Detection ranges: Fighter Aircraft: more than 20 km;
Sea-skimming missile: more than 13 km; Small boat: more than
10 km; -20 to +60 deg elevation coverage with a field of view of
10.5 deg in elevation; 150 kg turret weight. SAGEM Défense
Sécurité
Airborne
Airborne systems
systems
,
Modular, open architecture system combines the WBR-2000’s
IFM-based wideband receiver system and a narrowband
scanning superheterodyne ELINT receiver. Covers 0.5 to 18
GHz frequency range, 0.1 to 40 Ghz optional. Antenna options
allow variable DF-accuracy performance (7 deg Monopulse, 2
deg Spinner, 2 deg Hybrid Monopulse, < 1 deg Interferometer).
Processes 3 million plus interleaved pulses per second;
response time <1 second, tracks 500 emitters simultaneously.
Argon ST Inc
ground
ground systems
systems
naval
naval systems
systems
Radar
Radar systems
systems
Vigile
Advanced multi-platform naval ESM/ELINT system. Covers E to
J bands simultaneously. Offers all-horizon single-pulse intercept
and DF, very accurate DF and true 100% POI. Detects agile,
multi-mode and pulse Doppler emitters. Highly resistant to
reflection and multipath. Offers superior control of dense
environments with rapid threat classification and identification
and high tracking capacity. It also features a user programmable
library and interfaces with other systems such as ECM, combat
and navigation. Recording system offers pulse-by-pulse replay.
Warrlock
v
DF system covering 1-500 MHz band as standard, extendable to
1 GHz. Offered for ships, land mobile applications and fixed
installations and for one or two operators. High sensitivity
claimed. Scan revisit times fast and programmable, time/
bearing display has review feature to deal with multiple
frequencies. CEA Technologies
Watch Dog
v
NATO reporting name for Russian Nakat M wide-open ESM
system. Frequency range of 1 – 8 GHz. Utilises two beam arrays
and incorporates and instantaneous frequency measuring
capability.
WBR-2000 ESM/DF System
v
IFM-based wideband receiver covering 2 to 18 GHz, with 0.5 to
40 GHz optional. Antenna options allow variable DF-accuracy
performance (7 deg Monopulse, 2 deg Spinner, 2 deg Hybrid
Monopulse). Consisting of antenna assembly, receiver/processor
and operator display. Small and light with 100% POI in dense
environments. VME -based open architecture, offers continuous
self-monitoring, 15,000 mode library, programmable aural and
visual alarms, and an intuitive graphical interface. Argon ST Inc
Test
Testsystems
systems
WBR-3000
Wideband receiving system covering 20 to 3,000 MHz.
Incorporates an embedded ‘activity detector’ which samples
frequency sub-bands and processes the data by FFT ‘machine’
and other sophisticated algorithms. Processed output is an
‘activity vector’ including all detected channels within the
sub-band. Fast scanning handles extremely dense environments
characterised by frequency hopping, burst and other agile
transmissions. Integrated into a variety of COMINT systems for
fast searching and scanning, providing the initial data needed
by other subsystems for monitoring, classification, analysis,
recording and jamming. The receiver is available in two
configurations: single or dual channel. Tadiran Electronic
Systems Ltd, a member of the Elisra Group
Wine Flask
v
,
NATO reporting name. Barrage and deception radar jammer.
AN/WLQ-4(V)
Automated SIGINT detection and analysis system fitted to US
Navy submarines. General Dynamics Information Systems
and Technology
WLR-1H(V)
v
ESM system covering 0.55 – 20 GHz. Dynamic range 60 dB.
Automatic frequency, PRI, pulse width, angle of arrival, scan
type, scan period, pulse amplitude and beamwidth analysis.
Tracks 300 emitters. Boeing
WLR-8(V)
v,
Modular tactical radar detection and analysis system covering
40 MHz to 18 GHz. Automatically measures signal direction,
provides threat warnings and scans a wide frequency range
sequentially or simultaneously. General Dynamics Information
Systems and Technology
ZLR series v,
Radar threat warners reportedly fitted to Japanese Maritime
Self Defence Force surface combatants and submarines.
68
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2008
EQUIPMENT
RADAR SYSTEMS
The radar systems in this section are divided into:
±Airborne Surveillance
±Airborne Fire Control
±Land-based Air Defence
±Battlefield Radars
±Naval Fire Control
Systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric
designation.
the editor.
RADAR » Airborne surveillance and maritime patrol
Airborne Surveillance
and Maritime Patrol
AN/APQ-156
AN/APQ-181
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Multifunction tactical
radar fitted to A6E Intruder strike aircraft and EA-6B Prowler
electronic warfare aircraft. Capable of search mapping,
targeting, terrain following, terrain avoidance and beacon
tracking. Northrop Grumman, USA
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: LowProbability-of-Intercept (LPI) radar fitted to the B2
Spirit stealth bomber. The radar currently features a
two-dimensionally scanned antenna. This will be
replaced with an Active Electronically Scanned Array
(AESA) antenna the B-2 Radar Modernization
Program (RMP). When the RMP is complete, each
radar set will consist of five line replaceable units or
LRUs: the AESA and its associated power supply,
signal processor, data processor, and receiver/exciter.
It will feature full redundancy. Raytheon Electronic
Systems, USA
Agrion
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Surveillance and missile
targeting pulse radar from the Iguane family fitted to Saudi
AS-565 Panther helicopters (Agrion 15). Missions include ASuW
(search, surveillance, over-the-horizon targeting for friendly
ship-launched missiles, automatic command-to-line-of-sight
guidance for the helicopter’s own AS-15TT missiles), SAR,
environmental protection, navigation, weather avoidance.
Features a paraboloid antenna with other types as options pulse
compression, frequency agility, ECM resistance. Thales
Airborne Systems, France
AN series
Frequency: 9.5-10 GHz, linear FM, fixed or agile Description:
ASW and ASuW radars derived from AN/APS-137. Designed for
detection of periscopes exposed for under 5 sec. Transmitter:
coherent, 500 kW peak, 500 W average power. Antenna:
stabilised, n x 360 deg scan, 6, 60, and 300 rpm, sector scans,
34.5 dB gain. Receiver: linear FM pulse compression, automatic
gain control, constant false alarm rate. Digital signal processing:
high resolution scan-to-scan integration, multi-target
track-while-scan, optional SAR and ISAR. Display processing: PPI
and B scan, multiple high-resolution video formats, optional
ISAR with range profile, video freeze. Standard interfaces: 1553,
ARINC 407 synchro, RS-232, RS-343, RS-170 video. Detection
ranges: periscope, Sea State 4, 25 nm; large patrol boat, SS4, 75
nm; destroyer in SS5, 170 nm. Modes: periscope/small target,
surface surveillance, nav/weather, image. Options: custom
antenna installations, classify-while-scan, coherent look-down
air target detection and tracking, ISAR, SAR, DBS, GMTI, image
classification, control and display. Raytheon Electronic
Systems, USA
AN/APN-241
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: High-resolution ground
mapping radar developed specifically for the C-130 mission and
operational requirements. It enables accurate low-level
navigation and precision aerial drops, predictive windshear
detection in all weather conditions, and situational awareness
for all-weather formation flying. Northrop Grumman
Information Technology sector, USA
AN/APN-242
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Colour weather and
navigation radar marketed as a form fit and function
replacement for the APN-59. Detects weather with full colour,
black and white, or green displays of storms.Terrain mapping
and navigation high resolution ground mapping mode with
latitude/longitude stabilized electronic cursor to provide range
and azimuth information to waypoint. Detects fighter aircraft at
extended ranges through intervening rain showers concurrent
with other operating modes. Detects airborne and ground
beacons and optionally interrogates IFF equipped aircraft.
Range: 444.5 km (weather detection), 185.2 km (IFF
interrogation) Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
(Sperry Marine), USA
70
AN/APQ-158
Description: Terrain following/terrain avoidance radar for the
USAF MH-53J Pave Low III long range SAR/special operations
helicopter. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/APQ-164
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Phased array multi-mode
pulse-Doppler offensive radar system integrated into the Boeing
B1B strategic bomber. Performs navigation, terrain following/
terrain avoidance and weapon delivery functions, along with
ground moving target indication, beacon interrogation and air
refuelling rendezvous. Northrop Grumman, USA
AN/APQ-170
Frequency: I and J Band Description: Multi-mode radar fitted
to MC-130H Combat Talon II special operations Hercules, used
for terrain following/terrain avoidance, weather mapping and
avoidance, navigation and beacon interrogation. DRS
Sustainment Systems Inc, USA
AN/APQ-174/186
Description: Multi-mode radar for special operations. Modes:
standby, terrain following (normal, power management, weather
penetration), terrain avoidance (TA), ground mapping (GM),
air-to-ground ranging, beacon interrogation, weather detection,
TF/TA, TF/GM, TF/Beacon, TF/weather. Set clearances: 100, 150,
200, 300, 500 ft. Turning flight capability: use of terrain storage
for pre-turn and turn-back status, 5.5 deg/sec turn rate.
Weather performance: selectable circular polarisation, works
despite 10 mm/hr rain. Features: high ECM resistance, semicovert operation (power management), low reflectivity terrain
performance, Mil Std 1553 interface. Fail safe: extensive internal
monitoring, periodic and initiated BIT, end-to-end test. Modules:
Pod, Radar Interface Unit, Pressurisation unit. Weight: 250 lb.
Size: pod – 13 in diameter, 43 in long, RIU 30 x 9 x 14 in. Power:
115 VAC 400 Hz 2,100VA, 28 VDC 38 W. MTBF: 144 hours
specified. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/APS-124
Description: Long range maritime search and targeting radar
originally developed for US Navy Seahawk. Modes: long range
search (2 microsecond pulse duration, pulse repetition
frequency of 470 Hz, 6 rpm scan rate, 296 km max display
range); medium range search (1 microsecond pulse duration,
940 Hz, 12 rpm scan rate, 74 km max display range), fast scan
surveillance (0.5 microsecond pulse duration, 1,880 Hz, 120
rpm). Antenna: stabilised linear array in belly radome, 360 deg
scan capability. Features: High mean output power, good clutter
rejection for detection of small targets in high sea states, digital
scan converter for scan-to-scan integration, datalink for
communication and operation as ship-helicopter team for
missile targeting and submarine hunting. Helicopter
installations: US Navy SH-60B, Spanish Navy S-70B-1. Raytheon
Electronic Systems, USA
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: AEW radar fitted in
rotodome of E-2C Hawkeye AWACS aircraft. Features false alarm
rate control, clutter rejection and digital ground moving target
indication. Now superseded by later upgrades. Lockheed Martin
Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA
AN/APS-128/-128D
Description: Digital maritime surveillance radar fitted to a
variety of fixed wing MPAs with different radome and antenna
shapes and sizes. Both parabolic and flat-plate antennas in
service. Range: 65 km (fishing vessel), 111 km (trawler), 185 km
(freighter), 222 km (tanker). Telephonics, USA
AN/APS-137B(V)5
Frequency: I and K Band Description: Dual band radar at the
heart of the Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System (AWADS)
fitted to USAF C130E Hercules transports. As well as being able
to image major terrain features and man-made structures, it is
used for both long-range and precision ground-mapping,
weather detection and beacon interrogation/reception. DRS
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Maritime patrol radar
fitted to USN P3 Orion as part of the ASuW Improvement
Program (AIP). It provides both multi-resolution SAR and ISAR,
allowing high performance over land, sea, and in littoral regions.
Current operational capabilities include long-range surface
search and target tracking, periscope detection in high sea
states, ship imaging and classification using Inverse Synthetic
Aperture Radar (ISAR), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for
overland surveillance, ground mapping, and targeting. Related
programs and upgrades include a precision targeting capability
at long stand-off ranges, a ground moving target indication
(GMTI) mode, and a variant suitable for the S-3B Viking
Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
Used on the AC-130U Specter gunship, the AN/APQ-180 is a
modification of the APG-70 and has fixed target track, ground
moving target indication and track, projectile impact point
position, beacon track, and a weather mode. The APG-70 antenna
and analogue signal processors were modified and added to
complete the APQ-180 system. The AC-130U Specter gunship is
an air-to-ground platform equipped with a 105mm howitzer and
25mm and 40mm cannons. It is operated by the US Special
Operations Forces. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/APS-138
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Replacement for
APS-125 on Hawkeye incorporating new rotodome with L3
Randtron Total Radiation Aperture Control Antenna offering
continuous surface to altitude coverage, automatic
simultaneous detection and tracking of surface and air targets,
time difference height finding. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar
and Sensor Systems, USA
AN/APS-139
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Upgrade to APS-138
on Hawkeye designed to improve performance against low
RCS targets. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and Sensor
Systems, USA
AN/APS-125
AN/APQ-175
AN/APQ-180
» Scaled Composite’s Proteus optionally piloted aircraft tests the
developmental Multi-Platform Radar Technology Insertion
Program (MP-RTIP) sensor. (scaled composites)
AN/APS-145
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: High-power UHF Doppler
radar fitted to current Hawkeye 2000 AWACS aircraft. Range is
said to be 40% greater than that of the APS-138, increasing the
continuous surveillance volume to 6 million cubic miles.Uses a
rotating antenna within a circular radome mounted atop the
aircraft to detect and track multiple threats on the sea, in the
air, over land, and the critical land-sea interface simultaneously.
Increased scan-to-scan correlation maintains over 20,000
tracks. It maintains operation in dense signal environments
where others fail, and automatically selects the clearest
operating frequency. A triple Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
feature which allows for continuous detection of all targets over
the entire tactical area. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and
Sensor Systems, USA
AN/APS-147(V)
Description: New multi-mode maritime inverse SAR radar.
Modes: target imaging, small target/periscope detection, long
range surveillance, weather avoidance, all weather navigation,
short-range SAR, enhanced LPI search, target designation.
Features: high throughput signal and data processing; claims to
detect very small targets and display them with a resolution
unmatched by other radar; advanced processing claimed to
allow much lower output levels than traditional maritime radar
resulting in very low LPI. Installations: will upgrade 300 USN
SH-60R LAMPS MkIII helicopters. Status: Completed Technical
Evaluation and Operational Evaluations, entering full rate
production 2006. Telephonics, USA
71
AN/APY-1/2
APS-143C(V)3 Ocean Eye
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHZ Description: Airborne Warning And
Control System (AWACS) radar installed in large rotodome
above the fuselage of the Boeing 707-320B in US, NATO, UK,
French and Saudi service, and on Boeing 767s in Japanese
service (the E-767). Has a 360 deg view of the horizon, can
detect and track both air and sea targets simultaneously and
can extract airborne targets from surface clutter ‘that confuses
other present-day radars’. APY-2 has full maritime capability.
Azimuth scanning of the phased array is mechanical, but
elevation scanning and beam forming are electronic using phase
shifting elements. Operating modes are: Pulse-Doppler
Non-Elevation Scan (PDNES), Pulse-Doppler Elevation Scan,
Beyond The Horizon (BTH), Passive, and Maritime. Range: More
than 320 km. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Large phased-array
ground surveillance Side Looking Airborne Radar with synthetic
aperture and moving target indication capability. It is the
primary sensor of the USAF/US Army Joint Surveillance
Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) in the E-8A, a converted
Boeing 707. Operating modes are: Moving Target Indication/
Wide Area Surveillance (MTI/WAS), MTI Sector Search (MTI/SS),
Synthetic Aperture Radar/Fixed Target Indication (SAR/FTI).
The Radar Technology Insertion Program will add a more
powerful radar, higher resolution, and concurrent SAR and MTI
modes. Range: More than 250 km. Northrop Grumman
Description: Family of maritime surveillance, tracking and
imaging radars. Antenna: stabilised, corporate fed planar array
or parabola; full 360 deg; 45 – 360 deg sector scan; searchlight;
bandwidth >500 MHz; optional integral IFF interrogator
antenna/R-T/Processor; optional integrated ESM antennas;
polarisation V or H; azimuth accuracy 0.5 deg; no waveguide
pressurisation needed. Power: 8 kW peak from helix TWT; no
special cooling needed. PW: 0.1, 10, 23.4 or 40 microseconds.
Range: up to horizon at 28,000 ft; detects 1 sqm target up to
24 nm in Seat State 3; range resolution 1 m for ISAR/SAR;
close-in range down to 90 ft (30 m). Features: 46 frequency
pulse-to-pulse agility; pulse compression >3,000:1; TWS
tracker options for 30, 100 and 200 targets; 5-colour weather
avoidance mode; Sea MTI; GMTI; integral IFF; built-in display/
control generator; automatic-image-selection for ISAR;
scan-to-scan integration; SART beacon detection. Modules:
Antenna/Pedestal; Transceiver; Signal Processor. Interface:
Mil Std 1553B; optional RS-422, ARINC429; interfaces for FLIR
steering, ESM, data link, recording. Weight: typical 180 lb
(80 kg) with full RP/ISAR/Spotlight/Stripmap SAR/SMTI/TDMS;
display extra. Options: modular additions of Range Profiling
(RP), Inverse SAR, Stripmap and Spotlight SAR, SMTI, TDMS,
AIS; target data hand-off for Penguin missile; oil slick detection
optimisation; iceberg detection/mapping optimisation.
Installations: aerostats (anti-drug); C-26 Metro; F-20/HU-25;
F-90; C-130; F-27; C-212; Saab 340; Beech 100/200; Dash-8; P-3
Orion; S-70B/C; SH-2G; Panther. Status: in production; more than
200 operational. Telephonics, USA
AN/UPX-505 IFF Interrogator (IFFI).
APS-504(V)
The unique design of the IFF required for multi-mode radars
enables this sensor to provide IFF reply video and target reports
in all radar modes if commanded, or independently In Radar
Standby. The equipment is a Mark XIIA Interrogator with Mode
S. Operation in Modes 1, 2, 3, C, 4, 5 Level 1 and Level 2, and
Mode S Level 1 and Level 2, is provided in such a way as to
maximize automation and transaction management to ease
operator workload. Telephonics, USA
Frequency: 8.9 to 9.4 GHz (9.345 GHz in weather mode, Tx
9.375 GHz, Rx 9.310 GHz in beacon mode) Pulse Repetition
Frequency: 320 to 2230 pps depending on mode Description:
Multi-mode maritime patrol radar with surface search,
anti-submarine warfare, ground stabilized search, weather and
weather contour and beacon modes. TWT transmitter features
frequency agility, 2 SAW-based pulse compression modes, 3
pulse modes. System offers selectable constant-false-alarm-rate
processing, pulse-to-pulse integration, selectable scan-to-scan
integration and sector scanning plus multiple (20 target)
track-while-scan capability. The parabolic or high-performance
flatplate antenna is stabilised on two axes. Range: 370 km.
Northrop Grumman Navigation and Space Sensors, Canada
AN/APY-3 SLAR
AN/ZPQ-1 TESAR
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: High-performance,
lightweight, low-cost synthetic aperture radar and associated
ground station provide continuous imagery onboard the
Predator Tier II UAV. Weighs 75 kg. Northrop Grumman
Electronic Sensors and Systems, USA
Anemone
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Multifunction radar
developed as an upgrade for French Navy Super Etendard
carrier borne strike aircraft. Air-to-surface surveillance and
targeting is its primary function, in which it feeds target data to
the Exocet missile, but it also has air-to-air and ground mapping
functions. It is a monopulse radar with a low-sidelobe slotted
flat plat antenna and track-while scan capability. Thales
Antilope 5TC
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Navigation and terrain
following radar for Mirage 2000 D and N models. Designed to
perform terrain following and mapping functions as well as
air-to-ground and air-to-air targeting. Thales Airborne
Systems, France
72
APS-508 Radar
This radar, being provided under the CP-140 Aurora Incremental
Modernization Program (AIMP), integrates into a single radar,
for the first time, the traditional functionality of ASW/ASU
maritime patrol and overland air-to-ground SAR/GMTI. The
sensor suite is the ideal solution for aircraft upgrades or new
production, where the user must meet multiple divers mission
requirements with a single aircraft. The APS-508 meets the
demanding requirements of the military maritime environment
of the Aurora MPA aircraft, a version of the Lockheed Martin P-3
Orion operated by forces worldwide. As such, it is a natural fit
for those forces interested in upgrading their MPA fleets to
improve performance, provide new capability, and to avoid the
costs and problems caused by obsolescence. The transmitter
uses an 8kw TWT with 5% duty cycle for an average power
output of 400 watts. The 1 GHz bandwidth provides extremely
fine resolution and frequency agility. The three-channel receiver
provides for both analogue and digital pulse compression,
depending on mode. Telephonics, USA
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APS-717
Description: I-Band operation Airborne radar family for
surveillance and meteorological applications suitable to be
installed on board fixed or rotary wing aircraft to support such
missions as: search and rescue; maritime patrol; transport.
Galileo Avionica, Italy
analysis: digital processing with FFT. Helicopter identification:
blade flashes analysis. Target designation data: azimuth,
elevation, range, speed, accuracy sufficient for AAM lock on, EO
system pointing. Interface: 3 MCU ARINC 600 box, 5 kg, 1553B
databus. Thales Airborne Systems, France
E-801M/E Oko
APS 784
ASV Anti-Surface Vessel, ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare, Weather,
Short range, 360° Surveillance, developed for the Italian Navy
version of the EH 101 helicopter. Galileo Avionica, Italy
ASARS-2
Description: Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar System for
the USAF U-2. Real-time, high-resolution reconnaissance system
with all-weather, day-night, long-range mapping capabilities.
Detects and accurately locates fixed and moving ground targets.
It gathers detailed information, formats the data, and transmits
high resolution images. Raytheon is currently delivering
upgrades under the ASARS Improvement Program (AIP).
ASARS-2 is the foundation for current production and
development radars such as HISAR, Global Hawk, and the
Airborne Reconnaissance Low-Magnification (ARL-M) Crazy
Hawk. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
Wavelength: 10 cm band Description: AEW radar fitted to
Kamov Ka-31 shipborne helicopter. Features a 6 x 1 m flat plate
antenna that folds out from underneath the aircraft. Thought to
be capable of detecting 200 airborne and surface targets while
simultaneously tracking 20 to 40. Range: 200 km (ships), 115 km
(fighter aircraft). Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of
Radio Engineering, Russia
Airborne surveillance and maritime patrol « RADAR
EL/M-2022U
EL/M-2075
Description: UAV radar payload and a ground radar operator
station that controls the radar’s operation and processes the
data sent via the UAV’s data link. Sea mode provides detection
of small to large ships with automatic tracking of all detected
targets; classification mode provides range signature and
Inverse SAR (RS & ISAR) imaging with automatic classification
using an ISAR library; imaging mode provides wide area
strip-SAR imaging and high-resolution spot-SAR imaging for
littoral surveillance; air mode provides for detection and
tracking of airborne targets; nav/weather mode provides Real
Beam Mapping (RBM) and a 4-colour weather avoidance display.
In MALE UAV configuration it weighs 114 Kg and puts out 2300
Watts, while in VTOL UAV configuration it weighs 50Kg and puts
out 1,000 watts. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Phased-array radar that
forms the heart of the Israeli Phalcon AEW system that can be
installed in Boeing 707 and other airliner and business jet
airframes. Conformal phased array antennas mounted on the
fuselage enable simultaneous 360 deg coverage and
instantaneous focus on selected targets. Beams can be pointed
at any direction in space at any time. A flexible time-space
energy management technique allows: selectable surveillance in
which the scan rate in selected areas is much higher; optimized
detection and tracking of manoeuvering and high value targets
by means of a high scan rate and beam shapes optimized for
each target; fast track initiation (2 to 4 seconds) without false
alarms by means of verification beams sent at newly detected
targets; extension of detection range by transmitting extra long
dwells in selected sectors. High fault tolerance and redundancy
flows from the use of distributed, solid state transmitting and
receiving elements. The system continues its operation even if
some of the units are faulty. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel
EL/M-2022 series
Description: Multi-mode surveillance radar designed for ASuW,
ASW, littoral warfare, maritime surveillance and EEZ patrol,
anti-drug enforcement operations, coast guard and fisheries
patrol, search and rescue. Optimized for detection of small
targets in rough seas, long range maritime surveillance. Offers
range profile, SAR and ISAR classification modes, Synthetic
Aperture (SAR) and Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) imaging
for enhanced coastal surveillance, Moving Target Indication
(MTI), navigation and weather modes. It has a 256-target
track-while-scan capability including IFF tracking. Planar array
antenna is vertically polarized and has ‘ultra-low’ sidelobes and
is stabilised in azimuth and elevation. Range: 200 NM (large
targets up to horizon). IAI Elta Electronics, Israel
EL/M-2055
EL/M-2022A
EL/M-2060P
Frequency: 20 to 90 MHz Description: CARABAS stands for
Coherent All RAdio BAnd Sensing. It is a low VHF-band synthetic
aperture radar designed to penetrate foliage and camouflage
and produce high resolution SAR images. Military applications
include: reconnaissance and wide area surveillance, searching
for camouflaged and hidden targets, defence treaty compliance
and conflict awareness. Civil applications include: forest stem
volume measurement, topographical mapping and digital
elevation modeling (DEM), mapping (buildings, power lines),
search and rescue operations, subsurface imaging in arid areas.
CARABAS I featured an aft-facing 5.5 m dual boom antenna
array mounted on a business jet. CARABAS II has two 8.2 m
forward facing probe antennas. CARABAS III uses phased array
technology. FOI (Swedish Defense Research Agency) and
Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden
Description: Maritime surveillance radar family. Modes: long
range surveillance and ASW, navigation and weather, maritime
moving target indication, Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, ISAR
and range profile classification, beacon interrogation. Features:
Low false alarm rate, multi-target track while scan (TWS) of up
to 100 targets, expand and freeze, sector/full scan, detection
and track accuracies compatible with electro-optical systems,
ECCM (low probability of intercept, low sidelobe levels.
Interfaces: MIL-STD-1553B, RS-422. Optional features: airborne
targets detection, IFF interrogator compatibility, control
interface to electro-optical system, integrated radar and optical
sensor video display, different video interface standards.
Variants: (V)1 detection range (Sea State 3) of 55 nm (small
ships), 50 target TWS, power requirement 1 KW, weighs 65-70
kg; (V)2 detection of 1 m2 target in SS3 at 25 nm, small ships at
80 nm, needs 2 KW, weight 89-98 kg; (V)3 1 m2 target in SS3 at
28 nm, small ships at 80 nm, needs 2.3 kW, weighs 95-103 kg.
Growth potential: spare memory space and computing power,
different video interface standards. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel
Description: SAR/GMTI reconnaissance system for combat
aircraft with three basic operating modes: strip mode provides
fast coverage of very large areas at stand-off ranges plus overall
assessment of an entire region with sufficient mapping detail
for target detection; spot mode provides detailed examination
of a designated area of interest with high resolution for target
classification; while in strip/Ground Moving Target Indication
(GMTI) mode, moving targets are highlighted on-top of the strip
SAR image. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel
DAV
EL/M-2022H
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Rotor-mounted, air-to-air
radar. Functions: detection, recognition of aeroplanes and
helicopters at low and very low altitude; recognition,
classification; missile approach warning; air collision warning.
Operational characteristics: all-weather; very short reaction time;
accurate threat localisation; easy integration into weapon system;
missile envelope calculation; low false alarm rate; low probability
of intercept; jammer rejection, no increase to helicopter’s RCS.
Transmitter: solid state source, transistorised amplifier, frequency
agile. Antenna: rotates with main rotor, 24 deg elevation
coverage, weight; under 60 kg, power under 800 W, diameter; 90
cm, height 42 cm. Receiver: low noise, superheterodyne. Doppler
Description: Helicopter maritime patrol version of the 2022
family offering the following operating modes: sea mode
provides detection of small to large ships with automatic
tracking of all detected targets; classification mode performs
range signature and inverse SAR (RS & ISAR) imaging with
automatic classification to class (ISAR library); imaging mode
offers spot-SAR imaging for littoral surveillance (performance
depending on platform velocity); air-mode optimises for
detection and tracking of airborne targets; nav/weather mode
offers Real Beam Mapping (RBM) and 4-colour weather
avoidance display. Output power is 2 kW and weight is 75 kg. IAI
Elta Electronics, Israel
ASTOR
Description: UK battlefield surveillance Synthetic Aperture
Radar/Moving Target Indicator (SAR/MTI) system installed in a
Bombardier Global Express business jet. The radar is a variant
of the Raytheon ASARS 2. The SAR will provide high-resolution
images for decision makers and the MTI will monitor hostile
forces – their quantity, direction and speed. Range: Up to 300
km. Raytheon Electronic Systems, UK
CARABAS 1
74
Description: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground
Moving Target Indication (GMTI) all weather Reconnaissance
System for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). Offers: real time
generation of SAR Imagery and Ground Moving Target
Indication (GMTI); long ranges and wide area coverage; high
resolution; squint imaging capability for flexible area coverage;
flexible mission planning, management and real-time re-tasking;
advanced imagery exploitation and efficient image intelligence
(IMINT) extraction and reporting; simple integration within
existing UAV systems; modular payload configurations. MALE
UAV: 66 kg / 1,100 Watts. Tactical UAV: 36 Kg / 700 watts. IAI
Elta Electronics, Israel
EL/M-2060T
Description: Synthetic Aperture Radar/Ground Moving Target
Indication reconnaissance system for transport aircraft offering
strip, spot and strip/GMTI modes. Strip mode provides fast
coverage of large areas at stand-off ranges and overall
assessment of an entire region with sufficient mapping detail
for target detection. Spot mode enables detailed examination of
a designated area of interest with high resolution for target
classification. In strip/GMTI mode, moving targets are
highlighted on-top of the strip SAR image. An airborne
exploitation station provides two or more on-board operator
stations. A ground exploitation station (in a fixed installation, a
transportable shelter or a customised configuration) provides
user friendly data processing and automatic and/or
computer-aided tools for data exploitation and intelligence
reporting. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel
ENR-European Naval Radar
Description: X band; Transmitter: TWT type; fully coherent 200
W average power. The advanced capabilities of the ENR enables
fulfilment of the whole range of maritime patrol missions with
both civilian and military objectives: Maritime patrol,
Anti-Surface Warfare (AsuW), Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW),
Situation awareness (Air/Air, Air/Sea), Maritime surveillance,
Border surveillance, Search and rescue, Vessel and submarine
snorkel detection and tracking in rough sea, Target classification
(ISAR). Galileo Avionica, Italy
Erieye
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Long-range Airborne Early
Warning & Control (AEW&C) system based on active phased
array pulse-Doppler radar. Can be installed in commercial and
military aircraft, including regional jet or turboprop airliners.
Detects and tracks targets at ranges of up to 450 km over land
or water. System includes radar (with integrated SSR/IFF),
electronic support measures, communications and data links,
comprehensive command-and-control facilities and selfprotection system. Range: 450 km. Ericsson Microwave
Systems, Sweden
Gabbiano
State-of-the art, X-band Pulse Doppler Radar, conceived to
match a variety of all-weather surveillance missions, both on sea
and over ground. In addition to the standard modes A/S Search
with TWS and Navigation Aid, this Radar provides the High
resolution modes which enable the User to classify the
intercepted targets (ISAR) and to identify the fixed targets
(SAR). Available in two versions, tailored for different installation
requirements: 360° antenna, for UAV platforms, helicopters, and
aircrafts (under belly) ± 90° antenna, for light and medium
helicopters and aircrafts (nose). Galileo Avionica, Italy
Gukol 1
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Weather, navigation and
terrain avoidance radar for light/business aircraft and
helicopters. Range: 600 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Gukol 2
terrain avoidance radar for larger passenger aircraft. Range:
400 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
75
Gukol 3
Kopyo-21I
MM/APS-784
terrain avoidance radar for ultralights. Range: 250 km.
Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Description: Multi-mode radar fitted to Indian MiG-21 Bis UPG
strike fighters. Phazotron describes it as a 4th+ generation
radar that meets all the requirements of the latest light,
multirole combat aircraft. It is the first in a new modular family
that includes the Kopyo-25, Kopyo-A and Kopyo-M. Phazotron
NIIR, Russia
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz (X band) Description: Pulse Doppler
surface search radar for the Italian Navy’s EH101. Eliradar is a
consortium of FIAR and Officine Galileo. Designed to detect very
small objects such as submarine periscopes despite heavy sea
clutter, rain and electronic countermeasures. Modes:
anti-surface vessel (including missile launch assistance),
anti-submarine warfare (periscope detection), weather
avoidance, navigation. Antenna: parabolic with 360 deg scan
and sector scan, 1.8 m diameter radome. Transmitter: coherent
travelling wave tube type. Features: pulse compression,
pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, adaptive, multiple target
track-while-scan strategies, scan-to-scan integration. Display:
can feed digital multi-function displays. Two separate scan
converters for video displays, different formats and orientations
can be presented on each, integrated IFF. Modules: fits into the
aircraft as four separate line replaceable units. Interfaces: Mil
Std 1553B, multiple video outputs in standard format. Eliradar
Consortium, Italy
Gukol 4
Frequency: 8 to 10 or 20 to 40 GHz Description: Weather,
navigation and terrain avoidance radar for military transport
aircraft. Range: 600 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Kopyo-A
Description: Developmental a multifunction radar for combat
helicopters. The Hector radar is capable of detecting air threats
(helicopters), including hovering helicopters and low-altitude
flying aircraft. It can also be used to detect land targets, to
supply target designation (TD) data to the weapon system.
Thales Airborne Systems, France
Description: Multi-purpose 360 deg radar intended for
helicopters and designed for coastal monitoring, search and
detection of sea surface and ground targets, including small
targets (boats, cutters, periscopes); Search and detection of air
targets; identification and tracking of up to 10 targets; weather
mapping and avoidance. Weighs less than 100 kg. Candidate for
upgrade of Indian Navy Ka-28s. Range: 250 km. Phazotron
NIIR, Russia
HEW 784-Early Warning Radar
Kopyo-M
Description: Pulse Doppler surveillance radar designed for the
Early Warning version of the EH 101 helicopter for the Italian
Navy. Primary mission: Early Warning and Tactical defence
against air targets. Galileo Avionica, Italy
Description: Kopyo-M is similar to Kopyo-21I, but thanks to
modifications including a new signal processor, its detection
range against air targets is 25% longer it generates maps in
SAR mode in half the time. Phazotron also claims greater
reliability, lower weight and smaller size and offers it for further
upgrade of the MiG-21 Bis and similar aircraft. Phazotron NIIR,
Russia
Hector
Horizon
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz (I/J band) Description: I-band long range
ground surveillance radar. Primary sensor of HORIZON system
mounted on Eurocopter AS 532UL Cougar and feeding
information to ground station in 5-ton truck via datalink.
Resolution: 40 m in range, 2 m/s in velocity. Operating modes:
high resolution ground mapping, moving target indication (MTI),
fixed echo indication, electronic intelligence (ELINT). Scanning:
combined mechanical and electronic, sector width up to 360 deg,
any sector axis, rate 2 deg, 4 deg or 8 deg/sec. Coverage:
panoramic surveillance of 20,000 km2 in 10 seconds. Continuous
or ‘snapshot’ surveillance. Target location, classification and speed
measurement while scanning. Classification: three categories;
helicopters, wheeled and tracked vehicles, others. Survivability:
ultra low sidelobe antenna, frequency agility, ‘snapshot’ mode.
Datalink range: 100-150 km. Range: 200 km (clear weather), 150
km (rain and clouds). Thales Airborne Systems, France
Hughes Integrated Surveillance And
Reconnaissance (HISAR)
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Border surveillance,
remote sensing and maritime patrol radar with ground mapping,
synthetic aperture and moving target indication capability. It is
related to radars used in the U2 and B2. Strip SAR mode offers 6
m resolution, spot SAR offers 1.8 m. Can detect oil spills. Range:
110km, 50 km (oil spill). Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
I-Master
An advanced lightweight SAR/GMTI radar for tactical UAVs and
small fixed/rotary-wing platforms. I-master is capable of wide
area, all-weather surveillance, detection, classification and
location of fleeting and time-sensitive targets. Thales Airborne
Systems, France
76
ORB 37
Frequency: 9.375 GHz Description: Weather and ground
mapping radar developed for French C-160 Transall transport
aircraft. Can interrogate SAR beacons. Features slotted
flat-plate antenna. Thales Airborne Systems, France
PicoSAR
Description: Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) fitted to
MiG-25RBK reconaissance/strike aircraft. Country: Russia
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Phased array radar fitted to
Boeing’s 737 Airborne Early Warning and Control aircraft. Long
rectangular antenna is mounted longitudinally above the
fuselage. Detects airborne and maritime targets simultaneously.
Electronically scans through 360 deg in under 10 sec. IFF is
integrated and phased array technology allows electronic beam
steering and interleaved multi-mode operation. Range: 370 km,
555 km (IFF). Northrop Grumman, USA
Kvant
Obzor
Description: AEW radar fitted to the Antonov An-71 ‘Madcap’
AWACS. Nautshno-Issledovatelsky Institut Priborostroyeniya
(NIIP) Vega, Russia
Description: Nose-mounted targeting radar for Tupulev Tu-95/
Tu-142 Bear and Tu-160 Blackjack cruise missile carriers.
Leninets Holding Company, Russia
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Nav/attack radar for
Tu-22M3 ‘Backfire C’ and Tu-95K22 ‘Bear G’ bombers. Reported
to have doppler beam sharpening and terrain avoidance modes.
Leninets Holding Company, Russia
L-88(V)3
Ocean Master
Raphael TH
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Latest variant of a family of
radars developed for use in tethered balloons (aerostats) for
coastal surveillance. Uses commerical technology to improve
performance and reduce weight. The 29 ft radar antenna
rotates within a fabric windscreen to provide 360 deg coverage.
Range: 370 km. Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics and
Surveillance Systems, USA
Description: Sea surveillance radar for detection of all types of
targets (including small ones) in all sea states. Track while scan:
32 targets. Classification modes: range profile: Inverse Synthetic
Aperture Radar (ISAR) optional. Weather avoidance: colour
display of cloud iso-contours. Map mode: high range resolution
ground mapping. Display: colour TV display, tactical situation,
range scales up to 240 nm. Weight: less than 100 kg including
human-machine interface. Maintenance: Built in test (no test
bench). Status: In production. Sold to French Navy and to export
customers. Ocean Master is the basis for the European Navy
Radar (ENR) for NH90 is being developed by FIAR, Thales and
EADS. Thales Airborne Systems, France
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: New tactical UAV radar
combining Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving
Target Indicator (GMTI) capability. Weighing 30kg, it is aimed at
a wide range of unmanned air vehicles (UAV), helicopters, small
fixed wing aircraft and tilt rotor platforms. It is designed to fit
existing EO payload mountings. On air vehicles able to carry just
one payload, this unique feature enables the sensor to be
exchanged within a few minutes. With GMTI capability it can
detect both vehicle and infantry movements at ranges up to
20km. Very low speed targets can be detected through the use
of multi-channel processing. Offers 360 deg coverage from a
stabilised antenna. Thales Airborne Systems, France
ORB 32
RDR-1400C
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Modular family of
maritime surveillance and fire control radars intended for EEZ
protection, ASW, ASuW, and SAR missions. Modes include
search, missile fire control, navigation and weather avoidance.
Paraboloid antenna is stabilised in pitch and roll and to true
motion or azimuth. Scan modes include 360 deg at 80 rpm or
selectable sector scans. ORB 3203 and 3214 versions are
optimised for ASW, ORB 3202 and 3212 are optimised for
reconnaissance and target designation. ORB 3201 and 3211 are
smaller, simpler versions optimised for SAR, EEZ protection and
surface search. Thales Airborne Systems, France
Weather, search, navigation, beacon tracking; oil slick detection;
Frequency: I-band. Antenna: planar antenna in 4 different sizes;
sector scan 60 and 120 degrees; scan rate 28 deg/sec. PW: 0.5
and 2.35 microseconds. Power: 10 KW peak. Modes: weather,
precise groundmapping (2 modes); navigation; beacon navigation
and tracking; search; oil slick detection. Features: good surface
clutter rejection allowing detection of small boat and other SAR
type targets down to a minimum range of 300 m. Display: colour
or monochrome; EFIS. Range: 240 nm maximum. Weight: RDR
1400C-106 model 34.1 lb. Installations: 8,000 platforms; Cougar,
Super Puma, HH/MH-60, SH-3, Mi-7/8, LOH, EC-155, AB-212,
AB-412, EH-101 Cormorant, MBB-105, CN-235, C-295, C-130, Co-228,
Oryx, C-47, S-61; Status: -106 in production. Telephonics, USA
Kub
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Low cost, all weather,
Lightweight surveillance sensor suitable for Tactical Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles as well as both fixed wing and rotary wing
manned platforms. The system has been designed to deliver a
high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging
capability. Modes: Strip SAR; Spotlight SAR; GMTI. SELEX
Sensors and Airborne Systems
PNA-D
Lockheed Martin Advanced Imaging
Radar System
Description: Synthetic aperture Radar developed from the
ASARS-1 sensor used in SR-71. Offers swath, fixed- or moving
target indication and navigation modes. Range: 185 km.
Lockheed Martin, USA
Iguane
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Frequency agile, pulse
compression maritime surveillance radar with side-looking
airborne radar (SLAR) capability. Missions include ASW, ASuW,
SAR environmental monitoring and weather avoidance. Fitted to
Atlantique/Atlantique 2 MPAs. Thales Airborne Systems, France
Multi-role Electronically Scanned
Array (MESA)
» Monitoring air contacts aboard the nuclear-powered aircraft
carrier USS Harry S Truman. (us navy)
Lynx SAR
Frequency: 16.7 GHz (variable between 15.2 and 18.2 GHz)
Description: Lightweight synthetic aperture radar designed for
UAVs such as Predator as well as manned aircraft. From an
altitude of 25,000 feet, Lynx can produce one-foot resolution
imagery at distances of up to 55 km. At a resolution of four
inches, the radar can make images of scenes which are 25 km
away (about 16 miles) even through clouds and light rain.
Detects very small changes in a scene using coherent change
detection. Can detect moving targets. Range: 85 km. General
Atomics/Sandia National Laboratories, USA
77
Airborne surveillance and maritime patrol « RADAR
RDR-1500B/RDR 1700
SARIS
Searchwater 2000MR
Super Searcher
Land and sea surveillance radar; optimised for medium to low
altitudes. Frequency: I band. Antenna: Phased array in 3
different sizes; pedestal for 360 deg and 120 sector scan. PRF:
200, 800 or 1,600 Hz; PW: 0.1, 0.5 or 2.35 microseconds. Modes:
surface search; terrain mapping; weather avoidance. Range: 160
nm max. Features: RDR1500 B has optional 20-target tracker;
LCD colour display; map overlay; FLIR steering and display; RDR
1700 built-in 20-target tracker and all interfaces for glass
cockpit integration. The RDR-1700 multi-mode, X-band radar has
a flexible design that allows installation in helicopters as well as
fixed-wing aircraft for support of search and rescue activities
that require detection of small vessels. The system has an
integral target tracking capability. Weight: less than 35 kg. Three
search modes and 360 deg digital colour scanning. Modules:
RDR1500B has antenna/pedestal; transceiver; processor; control
unit; 6 in cockpit display; 9 in operator display; new RDR 1700
model has only antenna/pedestal; transceiver; processor.
Weight: 75 lb for RDR1500B; 50 lb for RDR 1700. Installations:
HH-65 Dolphin, Agusta A-109, AB-412, AS-555N Fennec; An-32,
AS-355, Super Puma, Cougar, C-212, F-406, Do-228, P-166, Lynx
100, Sea King SH-3; Status: RDR1500B in full production; RDR
1700 in production 2003; more than 300 operational.
Telephonics, USA
Description: Synthetic aperture radars for helicopters, UAVs,
business jets and fighter aircraft. Designed to provide real-time
submetric class images. ‘When used jointly with image analysis
tools, SARIS detects and classifies all surface targets,’ claims
Thales. Thales Airborne Systems, France
Description: Multi-mode, coherent pulse Doppler and pulse
compression maritime surveillance radar with digital processing
and adaptive threshold control. Operational roles and modes:
ASW and ASuW in littoral or open water, air-to-air (look up and
look down), moving target indication (MTI), navigation and
ground mapping, weather, beacon homing, target classification
(range profile, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, spotlight SAR).
Frequency: range: X band. Transmitter: 8 kW typical peak power,
allows multiple pulse durations and pulse repetition frequencies.
Antenna: planar or reflector with 360 deg scan capability,
vertically or horizontally polarised. Cooling medium: Ambient
air. Power consumption: 2.5 kVA typical. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553,
RS422, ARINC 429 or user defined. Weight: less than 100 kg.
Features: low weight, low cost, track-while-scan of more than
100 targets, detects small targets in high sea states, littoral and
open water processing, ISAR/SAR classification of targets, low
probability of intercept. Can be supplied as stand alone or as
complete mission system with IFF, ESM, Datalink, FLIR and INS.
EPS etc., compatible with all fire and forget missiles. Thales
Frequency: X-band Description: Maritime surveillance radar.
Modes: Surveillance, weather, ground mapping. Antenna: Planar
and paraboloid reflector types are available. Can be selected to
fit existing radomes. 360 deg operation with operator selectable
sector scanning and sector blanking. Transmitter: four pulse
repetition frequencies, three pulse widths, frequency agile,
X-band transponder optional, combined transmitter and
receiver. Displays: 625/525 line standard raster scan. Display
scales: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 mm. Monitors 14, 12, 10 or
8 inch colour, or 10 or 7 inch monochrome. Flat panel 16-20 in
option. Weight: less than 85 kg typical. Power: 1.4 kVA typical.
Cooling: ambient air via integral fans. BIT: comprehensive
built-in-test. Missile compatibility: All fire-and-forget missiles,
eg Exocet, Sea Eagle and Penguin. Thales Airborne Systems,
France
RDR-1600
Description: Search and Rescue, Weather Avoidance Radar
System selected for Danish EH-101s. Designed for operation in
both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, the RDR-1600
accommodates today’s modern glass configured flight decks
and multi-function displays. Utilising the latest mechanical
packaging techniques and surface mount technology, the
RDR-1600 provides maximum performance with a 25%
reduction in weight and power consumption compared with
competitors, says the company. Offers a minimum detection
range of 450 feet for precision approach landings, ‘half that of
current industry standards’. Telephonics, USA
RDR-1700B Argos Radar
An evolutionary development of the widely deployed
RDR-1500B, infused with new capabilities from the RDR-1700
and APS 143C(V)3 systems. The RDR-1700B is a 1 kW X-Band,
airborne, coherent, search radar providing manned or
unmanned, fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft with the ability to
search for, detect, and track targets while performing over
water surveillance. It provides surface search, real beam
mapping, weather avoidance and Search and Rescue
Transponder (SART) beacon detection using advanced radar
techniques including digital waveform generation, digital-pulse
compression, frequency agility over the entire band, Constant
False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processing, and scan to scan
integration. The basic radar can be enhanced to include the
following optional growth modes: Inverse Synthetic Aperture
Radar (ISAR), strip-map SAR and spotlight SAR. Control of the
RDR- 1700B is via Telephonics’ self-contained Tactical Display
Management System (TDMS) Graphical User Interface (GUI). The
RDR-1700B was designed using a COTS, Compact Peripheral
Component Interconnect (cPCI) based, open architecture for
superior flexibility in adapting to specific platform and mission.
Telephonics, USA
78
Sea Dragon
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Maritime patrol radar with
SAR/Inverse SAR capability that forms the heart of the Sea
Dragon mission suite designed and integrated as an upgrade to
Indial Ilyushin Il-38 May maritime patrol aircraft. Leninets
Holding Company, Russia
SEA Vue
Description: Family of maritime surveillance radars. Frequency:
9.4 GHz to 9.8 GHz. Features: SeaVizon, a combination of
parameters and signal processing designed for superior target
detection in all sea states. Adaptive aperture ISAR for imaging
from zero to very high sea states. Performance: Typical
detection ranges in sea state 3: Man in life raft 30 nm, Patrol
boat 95 nm, Tanker 230 nm. Modes: Small target detection,
surface surveillance, navigation and mapping, Weather
avoidance, ISAR with Range Profiling, SAR. Display: Colour or
monochrome flat panel, PPI and B-scan presentations, multiple
high resolution video formats, ISAR image, range profiling
(A-scan) presentation in addition to ISAR images, SAR map. Full
coherent operation for ISAR, SAR and Moving Target Detection.
Transmitter: Coherent, solid state, grid modulator TWT Power:
8kW, 15 kW, or 50 kW peak. Antenna: stabilised, parabolic or flat
plate, 360-degree scan at 6 RPM, 60 RPM or 120 RPM. Has
sector and searchlight capability, integral IFF. Receiver-ExciterSynchronizer-Processor (RESP): Linear FM pulse compression,
Digital pulse compression, Sensitivity Time Control (STC),
Automatic Gain Control (AGC). Line replaceable units: Antenna
23 kg, Transmitter 30 kg, RESP 37 kg. Standard Interfaces:
ARINC 429, RS-232, RS-422, MIL-STD-1553, RS-170 Video, RS-343
Video, STANAG 33508. Available Enhancements include: Moving
Target Discriminator, ISAR Classification Aids, Digital map
coastline overlay, Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS), Coherent
look-down air target detection and tracking. Raytheon
Seaspray 7000 and 7500
Frequency: 9 to 10 GHz (X Band) Description: A range of Active
Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) multi-mode surveillance
radars for helicopter and fixed wing surveillance platforms. The
radars combine a state of the art AESA scanner with a
Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) processor, offering leading
edge air-to-air, air-to-sea and air-to-ground capabilities.
Seaspray 7000E is being supplied for the UK Royal Navy
Surface Combatant Maritime Rotorcraft (SCMR) variant of the
Future Lynx and Seaspray 7500E is being supplied for the US
Coast Guard HC-130H Hercules patrol aircraft. Modes include
Surveillance, Navigation, Weather, Transponder, ISAR, SAR,
GMTI, MTI, TWS and integrated AIS. SELEX Sensors and
Airborne Systems
Shmel M
Description: AEW radar fitted to the Beriev A50 Mainstay
AWACS, mounted in a 9 m diameter dome above the fuselage.
Range: 230 km (fighter sized target), 400 km (ships).
Nautshno-Issledovatelsky Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP)
Vega, Russia
Searchwater 2000AEW
Description: Heliborne Airborne Early Warning (AEW) radar
selected for upgrade of UK Royal Navy’s AEW Sea King fleet to
AEW Mk7 standard. Operational roles: warning against low level
attack; intercept direction of fighter aircraft; is a highly mobile
gap filler; autonomous secure air defence command and control
unit; maritime surveillance system offering detection of very
small targets, even periscopes, in high sea states; over-thehorizon targeting, search and rescue and coastal surveillance.
Modes: air-to-air (look-up and look-down), moving target
indicator (MTI), maritime surveillance (ASW and ASuW) in
littoral or open water, navigation and ground mapping, target
classification, weather, beacon homing. Features: Pulse Doppler/
pulse envelope interlacing. Can discriminate between high
velocity airborne targets and lower velocity land and sea
targets, and can detect small targets in sub-land and sea clutter.
Integrated Mk XII IFF, INS/GPS, Link 16. Operator facilities: large,
high res flatpanel colour displays and interactive control panels.
Highly modular and can be fitted to a wide range of fixed and
rotary wing aircraft. Thales Airborne Systems, France
Shtyk
Description: Side Looking Airbore Radar (SLAR) fitted to
Sukhoi Su-24MR maritime reconnaissance aircraft. NautshnoIssledovatelsky Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP) Vega,
Russia
Small Tactical Synthetic aperture
Radar (STacSAR)
Frequency: 17 GHz Description: SAR developed for use in UAVs
or small manned aircraft. Range: 10 km. Lockheed Martin, USA
TriSAR
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Real-time, high
resolution, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) designed to meet
land and maritime surveillance requirements. Configurations
are available for fixed wing aircraft, helicopters and UAVs. Its
three imaging modes are: strip-map, Inverse Synthetic Aperture
Radar (ISAR) and spotlight SAR. Missions include: maritime
and harbour surveillance, ice surveillance, fisheries patrol,
economic zone enforcement, border surveillance, search and
rescue, environmental surveillance (such as oil slick detection)
and battle damage assessment. Array Systems Computing
Inc, Canada
Varan
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Multimode maritime pulse
compression radar, a member of the Iguane family designed for
ASuW, ASW, Search And Rescue (SAR) and environmental
protection missions. Modes include search, missile fire control
(OTHT for ship-launched missiles), navigation and weather
avoidance. Antenna is paraboloid in shape. Low peak power
output coupled with a very sensitive receiver give a low
probability of intercept, combined with frequency agility it
provides good ECM resistance. There are several selectable
pulse repetition frequencies and pulse widths. Synthetic
aperture Radar and Side Looking Airborne Radar modes are
optional. Range: 55 km (snorkel), 110 km (fast patrol boat) 240
km (cargo vessel) – all figures assume sea state 3 to 4. Thales
Virazh
Description: Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) fitted to
MiG-25RBV ‘Foxbat B’ reconaissance/strike aircraft. Some
sources indicate that the V in MiG-25RBV stands for Virazh.
Russia
Wet Eye
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Maritime ASW/ASuW
radar fitted to Illyushin IL-38 and Tupulev Tu-142 maritime patrol
and ASW aircraft Leninets Holding Company, Russia
79
RADAR » Airborne fire control
Airborne Fire Control
AESA
Active Electronically Scanned Array technology demonstrator,
aimed at producing phased array equipment to upgrade earlier
Swedish radars. Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden
Airborne fire control « RADAR
AN/APG-66
AN/APG-71
Frequency: 6 to 10 GHz Description: Coherent pulse-Doppler
fire control radar originally developed for the F-16, now adapted
to platforms including Hawk 200, T-39N, Skyhawk, PBN
Defender and aerostats. Compatible with radar guided missiles
including Sparrow, AMRAAM, MICA, Skyflash, Penguin plus IR
guided Sidewinder. Features a mechanically scanned slotted
flat-plate antenna. Range: 148 km. Northrop Grumman
Frequency: 8 to 12 Ghz Description: Digitized upgrade of the
Northrop Grumman F-14A/B’s AWG-9 radar, for the F-14D, said to
double its range. Programmable processors and digital displays
are included along with upgraded electronic counter
coutnermeasures (ECCM). Major changes were made in the
signal processor, data processor, digital display, central
processor, receivers, and antenna configuration. Range: 213 km.
AN/APG-67
AN/APG-73
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode radar providing
situational awareness and fire control. Long-range detection
and tracking allow manoeuvring to gain tactical advantage.
Integrated and tested with BVR missiles (semi-active and data
link). lock-on and tracking are reliable track during ‘high g’
manoeuvres. Coherent pulse-Doppler picks targets out of
ground and sea clutter. Distraction due to false alarms is
minimized. Fourth-generation design takes advantage of 21st
century signal processing with a compact transmitter, processor
and antenna using less than 1.9 cu. ft./0.054 cu.m. Offers
high-resolution SAR imaging, ECCM capabilities, monopulse
tracking, guard channel with full two channel processing, pulse
compression, CFAR processing, 10-target track-while-scan.
Range: 75 km (fighter sized target). Lockheed Martin Naval
Electronics & Surveillance Systems-Radar Systems, USA
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Coherent, multimode,
multiwaveform search-and-track sensor that uses
programmable digital processors to provide the features and
flexibility needed for both air-to-air and air-to-surface missions.
Its motion sensing subsystem with reconnaissance software, a
stretch waveform generator module, and a special test
equipment instrumentation and reconnaissance module enable
the F/A-18 to make high resolution radar ground maps
comparable with those of the F-15E and the U-2 and perform
precision strike missions using advanced image correlation
algorithms, says Raytheon. It is an upgrade of the APG-65 that
provides higher throughputs, greater memory capacity,
improved reliability, and easier maintenance. Reprogrammable,
it responds to new threats and accommodates future modes
and weapons through software rather than hardware changes.
AMSAR
Technology development and demonstration programme aimed
at providing phased array ‘Active Multirole multifunction
Solid-state Active-array Radar’ systems for future French,
German and UK combat aircraft. GTDAR, BAE SYSTEMS,
Thales Airborne Systems, EADS, France, UK, Germany
AN/APG-63
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Highly flexible,
all-weather multimode radar combining long range acquisition
and attack capabilities with automatic features to provide the
instant information and computations needed during air-to-air
and air-to-surface combat. Fitted to the F-15 and operational
since 1973. In 1979, it was the first airborne radar to incorporate
a software programmable signal processor, allowing quick
response to new tactics or to accommodate improved modes
and weapons through software reprogramming. Range: 161 km.
AN/APG-68
AN/APG-63(V)1
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Reliability/maintainability
upgrade to APG-63 including state-of-the-art hardware with
significant growth opportunities. As part of a radar retrofit
program for the US Air Force, the APG-63(V)1 is being produced
to replace outmoded APG-63 radars installed in F-15 C/D.
AN/APG-63(V)2
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Major radar upgrade for
the US Air Force F-15C aircraft, adding an active electronically
scanned array (AESA), substantially increasing pilot situational
awareness, while enhancing reliability and maintainability. Agile
beam provides nearly instantaneous track updates throughout
the field of vision, enhanced multi-target tracking capability and
elimination of the need for a hydraulic system. It can
simultaneously guide multiple AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles to
several targets widely spaced in azimuth, elevation, or range.
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode radar with
planar array antenna fitted to F-16 variants from Block 25 C/D
models on. Allows BVR engagements with AMRAAM missile. AN/
APG-68(V)9 is the variant fitted to Block 50/52 aircraft.
Air-to-air modes include track-while-scan of up to 10 targets,
range-while-search, velocity search, raid resolution, uplook
search, ‘situation awareness’ mode and an automatic aquisition
air combat mode. Air-to-ground modes include real beam
mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, freeze frame, maritime
search, ground moving/fixed target indication and tracking,
ranging and beacon homing. The (V)9 variant provides a 33%
improvement in air-to-air detection range over earlier versions
of the radar and introduces synthetic aperture radar, which
allows high-resolution ground mapping for 24-hour, all-weather
precision strike capability. The combination of new technology
with open-systems architecture also reduces total ownership
cost of the radar. Range: 296 km (search). Northrop Grumman
AN/APG-70
AN/APG-65
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode radar for
air-to-air and air-to-surface missions, features programmable
digital computers. For air-to-air operations, it offers ‘clean
scope’, look-down/shoot-down capabilities, search, track and
automatic acquisition modes such as high pulse repetition
frequency (PRF) velocity search, high/medium PRF range-whilesearch, single target track, and a track-while-scan mode that
tracks 10 targets simultaneously and displays eight.
Air-to-surface operations, it provides Doppler beam sharpened
sector and patch mapping, medium range synthetic aperture
radar, “real beam” ground mapping modes, fixed and moving
ground target track, air-to-surface ranging, terrain avoidance,
precision velocity update, and a sea surface search mode with
clutter suppression. Fitted to F/A-18 Hornet, F-4 Phantom, AV-8B
Harrier II Plus. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
80
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: A multimode radar with
air-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities. As an upgrade of the
APG-63, the APG-70 was designed for greater reliability and
easier maintenance. Gate array technology enables the APG-70
to incorporate modes not available in earlier radars while
providing greatly enhanced operational capabilities in other
modes. The APG-70 is employed on late model F-15C, D, and E
aircraft and on the F-15I and the F15S. Range: 185 km. Raytheon
cueing information by digital means to combined arms team.
Increases combined arms kills. Attack zones and no fire zones
automatically displayed. Lockheed Martin Missiles And Fire
Control, USA
AN/APG-79
Description: Agile beam radar with solid-state, digital array that
scans at nearly the speed of light, enabling detection and
tracking of multiple air and ground threats simultaneously.
Offers increased range and resolution to boost lethality and
survivability. Built-in resource manager lightens aircrew
workload. Agile beam forming (permits thousands of beam
positions per second). Multiple radar modes, include: real beam
mapping, synthetic aperture radar, air-to-air search, air-to-air
track, passive mode, sea surface search, ground moving target
indication, near-simultaneous multi-target and multi-missile
tracking, interleaved radar modes, including air-to-air and
air-to-ground. Supports independent dual cockpit operation.
AN/APG-80
Description: Agile beam radar with Active Electronically
Scanned Array antenna fitted to F-16 Block 60 aircraft built for
the United Arab Emirates. Shares basic technology with APG-81
for F-35 JSF and APG-77 for F22 Raptor. Northrop Grumman
AN/APG-81 AESA
AN/APG-76
Description: Multimode radar system developed as an upgrade
for the Israeli F-4 Phantom 2000 programme. Features a
mechanically scanned flat-plate antenna. Air-to-air modes
include look-up/look-down, air combat and beacon modes.
Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping, doppler beam
sharpening, SAR/GMTI and beacon tracking. Northrop
Grumman Electronic Systems, USA
AN/APG-77
Description: Low probability of intercept (LPI) fire control radar
for the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter. It is designed to provide
F/A-22 with unprecedented capability in air-to-air combat,
allowing the pilot to track and shoot at multiple threat aircraft
before the adversary’s radar detects the F/A-22. The antenna is
an active, electronically-scanned antenna (AESA) featuring a
separate transmitter and receiver for each of the radiating
elements to provide the agility, low radar cross section and wide
bandwidth needed. Solid-state technology and elimination of
mechanical moving parts promise to leap ahead of current
standards for reliability and field repairability. Northrop
Grumman Electronic Systems lead contractor, USA
AN/APG-78 Longbow
Frequency: 94 GHz Wavelength: Millimetre wave Description:
Millimetre wave, LPI fire control radar for AH-64D Longbow
Apache attack helicopter. Survivability: A seven-fold
improvement over AH-64A. Automatically detects, prioritises
and classifies the highest priority targets. Reduces exposure
(inside threat timelines). Is effective against ground and air
targets. Has selectable automatic prioritisation. Passively
locates and attacks emitters (with radar frequency
interferometer). Lethality: Four-fold improvement in lethality.
Cues fire-and-forget MMW Longbow Hellfire missile (AGM-114L).
Improves rate of fire. Places more effective fire on targets at
maximum range of 8 km. Combined arms: Provides target
Description: The Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA)
multi-function radar for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter will
incorporate the agile beam steering capabilities developed for
the F-22’s APG-77. The Active Electronically Scanned Array
(AESA) multi-function radar for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter will
incorporate the agile beam steering capabilities developed for
the F-22’s APG-77. ‘Unmatched’ multi-mode capability of the
radar will support air-to-air, air-to-surface and electronic
warfare missions, the latter thanks to a radio frequency
subsystem integrated with the main radar array. It will provide
the pilot with precision all-weather targeting and advanced
air-to-ground automatic target cueing, says Northrop Grumman.
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA
AN/APQ-126(V)
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control and
navigation radar fitted to A-7D/E strike aircraft. Raytheon
AN/APQ-153
Frequency: I Band Description: Fire control radar fitted to
Northrop Grumman F-5E/F lightweight fighter/advanced trainer.
Features air-to-air search, target acquisition, illumination for semi
active missiles, steering cues to keep target within Sidewinder
seeker envelope or guns on target. Range: 37 km (search), 18 km
(missile lock). DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA
AN/APQ-157
Frequency: I Band Description: Version of the above configured
to two crew aircraft. Range: 37 km (detection), 18 km (lock on)
against fighter. DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA
81
Airborne fire control « RADAR
AN/APQ-159
Grifo family
N001
PS-46/A
Frequency: I Band Description: Upgrade to APQ-153 offering
frequency agility, more reliable components including a new
planar array antenna, increased detection and lock-on
performance, compatibility with Maverick missile. Range: 74 km
(detection), 37 km (lock on) against fighter. DRS Sustainment
Systems Inc, USA
Description: Family of advanced monopulse Doppler radar
systems. Modular, multimode, lightweight system, from 80 to
500 W average power, with full Air-to-Air (look up and look
down) and air-to-surface capability, including state-of-the-art
high resolution mapping modes. Installed onboard several
aircraft such as F5, Mirage III, F-7 and L159. Galileo Avionica,
Italy
Description: Mechanically scanned pulse-Doppler fire control
radar associated with Su-27, -30 and -33 variants of the Flanker
fighter. Features single-target engagement capability.
Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP),
Russia
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Pulse-Doppler multimode
radar installed in Sweden’s JA-37 Viggen fighter/interceptors.
Antenna is mechanically scanned, signal processing is digital.
Incorporates look-down/shoot-down capability, selectable PRF
(medium with Doppler filters and signal processing for
look-down mode, low for look-up mode). Modes include search,
acquisition (via HUD, semi- or fully automatic), TWS, continuous
track, continuous wave target illumination for semi-active Sky
Flash missiles, ground mapping and surface target ranging.
Dogfight mode couples radar to flight controls to aim the gun.
Range: Approx 50 km (look-down mode). Ericsson Microwave
Systems, Sweden
AN/AWG-9
Description: Airborne Weapon Control System (AWCS)
integrated into F-14 fighter interceptors operated by the USN
and sold to Iran. Powerful pulse and pulse-Doppler radar has 24
target TWS capability with simultaneous engagement of six.
Provides initial target data and mid-course guidance for AIM-54
Phoenix long-range AAMs, target illumination for semi-active
AIM-7 Sparrow AAMs, range confirmation for AIM-9 Sidewinders
and gunfire control. Integrated with TV camera system for long
range target idenfication. Compatible with datalinks including
Naval Tactical Data System and Airborne Tactical Data System.
Replaced by APG-71. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
Cyrano IV family
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Family of multi-mode
airborne radars fitted to Mirage F1 and -50 fighter aircraft. Offer
air-to-air modes including search, automatic tracking,
interception and fire control, dogfight modes and home-on-jam,
can also be used for terrain avoidance, ground mapping and
air-to-surface ranging. Thales Airborne Systems, France
Komar
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multi-role radar aimed at
upgrades of older Russian and Chinese combat aircraft.
Air-to-air modes include multiple target tracking, vertical
manoeuvre, HUD and boresight modes. Air-to-ground modes
include real beam mapping, SAR and Doppler beam sharpening.
It can also designate targets for radar guided ASMs and produce
fire control solutions for guns and free-fall bombs. Phazotron
NIIR, Russia
Kopyo
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode coherent
pulse-Doppler radar aimed at MiG-21 upgrade market. Uses a
slotted flat-plate antenna and digital signal processing. Air-to-air
modes include look-up/down, track-while-scan (eight targets,
engage two), vertical search, wide-angle search, HUD search and
boresight modes. Air-to-ground modes include real beam
mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, zoom/freeze frame,
track-while-scan (four targets), MTI and ranging. Phazotron
NIIR, Russia
ECR90 Captor
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Captor is a third
generation coherent multimode radar for high performance
combat aircraft and the primary sensor for Eurofighter
Typhoon. Detects, identifies, prioritises and engages targets
beyond the effective range of the enemy weapon systems,
whilst remaining resistant to severe jamming. For long-range
air-to-air engagements it uses: adaptive PRF mode scheduling,
automatic track-while-scan, automatic target prioritisation, raid
assessment, non co-operative target identification and data
adaptive scanning. In close range visual combat it uses:
automatic acquisition, allowing short-range off-boresight
missiles to be fired in a dynamic engagement, single-target
tracking, boresight (BST) mode, vertical scanning, HUD field of
view scanning, slaving to external demand. In air-to-surface
engagement it offers: real beam mapping, sea modes for static
and moving ship detection and tracking, ground moving target
identification and tracking, high resolution DBS mapping,
precision velocity update and air-to-surface ranging. Euroradar
Consortium, UK, Germany, Spain, Italy
EL/M-2032
Description: Multimode airborne fire control radar. Modular
hardware design, software control and flexible avionic interfaces
enable installation in F-16, F-5, Mirage, F-4, Mig 21 and other
fighters and can be customized. Air-to-air modes enable
long-range target detection and tracking for weapon delivery or
automatic target acquisition in close combat engagements.
Air-to-ground modes include very high-resolution SAR mapping,
target detection and tracking over Real Beam Mapping, Doppler
Beam Sharpening and SAR maps in addition to ranging. In
maritime missions the radar provides long range target
detection and tracking, target classification (RS, ISAR). IAI Elta
Systems Group, Israel
82
Kopyo-25
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Podded version of
Kopyo-21I designed for the Sukhoi Su-39 aircraft close support/
strike aircraft. Provides the aircraft with an advanced radar
without major modifications to the airframe. Kopyo-25 may also
be offered for Indian MiG-27L upgrades. Antenna is of the
slotted, flat plate type. Air-to-ground modes include ground
mapping, SAR imaging, moving target indication and sea search.
Air-to-air modes include track-while-scan, range-while-search
and single-target tracking. Air combat modes include HUD
search, slewable search, boresight scan and vertical scan.
Range: Up to 57 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Mitsubishi airborne radar
Description: Fire control radar with phased array antenna for
the F2 fighter, which was developed from the F-16. Multimode
radar offers air-to-air, air-to-ground and anti-shipping modes.
Supports targeting of weapons such as short range and BVR
AAMs, guns, ASMs and free fall bombs, for which it can do
Continuously Calculated Impact Point (CCIP) calculations.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan
Moskit 23
Description: Multimode radar developed to replace Sapfir in MiG
23. Offers air-to-air modes including: range finding, search and
track, tracking-while-scan of eight targets and simultaneous
engagment of two, close combat. Offers air-to-to-surface modes
including: real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening,
synthetic aperture radar, moving target detection on land and
water. Compatible with R27R(T), RVV-AE and R73 air-to-air
missiles (as well as R23T and R24T missiles), Kh-31A missile and
KAB500KR guided bombs, unguided rockets, guns and bombs.
Range: 90 km (air target), 100 km (ship). Phazotron NIIR, Russia
N011
Description: Updated version of N001 for more advanced
Flanker variants featuring both air-to-air and air-to-ground (TF,
TA and mapping) modes and a slotted flat-plate antenna.
Simultaneous tracking of 15 targets and engagement of six are
claimed. Range: 100 km (head on), 40 km (tail on) against 3 m2
RCS targets. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut
Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia
N011M
Frequency: 1 to 2 and 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode
passive phased array radar for advanced Flanker variants
including Su-27M, Su-35, Su-30/MKI. Air-to-air and air-to-surface
modes are offered. Air-to-surface modes include TF, TA and
mapping. Range: 400 km (AWACS), 100 km (head on 2 m2
target), 40 km (tail on 2 m2 target). Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy
Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia
N019 Sapfir-29
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Wavelength: 3 cm Description:
Pulse-Doppler fire control radar with look-down/shoot down
capability developed for the MiG-29. Dedicated to air-to-air
combat, it has three PRF settings: high for closing targets,
medium for retreating targets and interleaved high/medium for
all-aspect detection. Multiple modes can be used together
through time division multiplexing. Antenna is of the twist
cassegrain type. Range: 150 km (max displayed), 70 km if target
is below 3,000 m. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Osa
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Lightweight (120 kg)
multimode phased array radar able to track and engage multiple
targets simultaneously. Sources disagree on the numbers;
some give it a 16 target TWS capability with simultaneous
engagement of four, other say it can track eight targets and
engage four, while yet others say it can detect eight targets,
track four, and engage two at the same time. Altitude coverage:
85 km (head on), 40 km (tail on) against 5 m2 RCS target.
Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP),
Russia
PS-05/A
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Advanced, modular
multimode fighter radar for the SAAB/BAES JAS-39 Gripen. It
offers high-resolution air-to-air and air-to-ground modes,
outstanding tracking performance, comprehensive ECCM, high
reliability and full support for AMRAAM missiles. For air-to-air
operations, it offers long-range search; multiple-target trackwhile-scan; multiple priority target tracking, single target tracking,
raid assessment, AMRAAM mid-course update, close combat
search and autoacquisition. Air-to-surface modes include:
long-range search and surveillance, surface moving-target
indication, priority tracking of multiple ground and sea targets;
real-beam mapping, high-resolution mapping using synthetic
aperture radar technique (SAR), air-to-ground ranging and
velocity vector calculation. Ericsson Microwave Systems,
Sweden
RBE2
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: The first multi-function
electronic scan radar in production for a combat aircraft
(Dassault Rafale). Two-axis electronic scanning permits
simultaneous designation of multiple targets to different
air-to-air missiles, while the radar continues the search in
directions totally independent of the tracked targets. At very
low altitude, the RBE2 radar computes a wide area 3D map in
order to combine automatic terrain following with terrain
avoidance. The RBE2 radar also uses high resolution
air-to-ground mapping. An active antenna AESA, which is now in
development. RBE2 is operational onboard French Navy Rafales.
Thales Airborne Systems, France
RC family
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHZ Description: Compact multimode
radars of modular construction aimed at combat aircraft and
advanced trainers, developed from the Mirage 2000-5’s RDY
radar. Mechanically scanned antenna is a slotted flat-plate type
with four dipoles mounted on it, probably serving the IFF
interrogator and/or missile datalink. Modes include include
automatic prioritisation, lock on and engagement of multiple
targets, look-down/shoot-down, look-up/shoot-up in air-to-air
combat, ground mapping, doppler beam sharpening and ranging
in air-to-ground work, and track-while-scan of two targets plus
target calibration in maritime air-to-surface engagements.
Range: 102 km (fighter, head on). Thales Airborne Systems,
France
RDI
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHZ Pulse Repetition Frequency: 100,000
pps Description: Air superiority optimised pulse-Doppler radar
installed in Mirage 2000B and C models. Slotted, flat-plate
antenna features integrated IFF capability. High PRF gives
accurate target speed measurement. Air-to-air modes include
all-altitude search, track while scan and continuous tracking/
missile guidance. Air-to-ground modes include mapping and
ranging. Thales Airborne Systems, France
RDM
Description: Multi-role coherent Doppler radar developed for
Mirage 2000B, C and DE models. Has air-to-air capability, but
air-to-surface functions are emphasised. Air-to-air modes
include all-aspect, all-altitude search and interception.
Air-to-surface modes are mapping, terrain avoidance and blind
let-down, and maritime search and attack. Thales Airborne
Systems, France
83
Land-based air defence « RADAR
RDY
Super Komar
Zaslon M
1L13-3
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Multi-function radar
equips the Mirage 2000-5 Mk2, providing air-to-air, air-toground and air-to-sea capabilities enabling simultaneous
detection and tracking of multi-targets. In air-to-air mode, it can
select several targets for MICA missiles equipped with active
electromagnetic or passive infrared seekers. In air-to-ground
and air-to-sea modes, the radar generates information supplied
to the system for firing of conventional or guided weapons. The
RDY radar equips all versions of the Mirage 2000-5 already
delivered to French and foreign Air Forces. Thales Airborne
Systems, France
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Upgraded version of the
above featuring digital signal processing. Air-to-air modes
include look-up/down, track-while-scan, range-while-search,
vertical manoeuvre and HUD-search and boresight modes.
Air-to-ground modes are as for Kopyo plus zoom/freeze frame
in mapping, track-while-scan and MTI. Range: 75 km. Phazotron
NIIR, Russia
Frequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Further upgrade
including the addition of a larger 1.4 m diameter phased array
antenna. Performance reported to be 50 to 100 better than the
original. Reported to have hit a target 300 km away with an
R-37 missile. Tracks 24 targets at once, engages 6. Anti-tactical
ballistic missile capability reported. Range: 400 km (20 m2
target). Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya
(NIIP), Russia
Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Air-transportable,
mobile, long-range, 2D air search radar system carried on three
trucks and a trailer. Antenna is of flat, multiple dipole type,
mechanically scanned at 10 or 20 rpm. Range: 500 km Altitude
coverage: 40,000 m. Russia
Super Kopyo
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Wavelength: 3 cm Description:
Upgraded Kopyo with longer detection ranges at all aspects,
lighter weight and faster processors. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
RP-21 Sapfir
Description: Air-to-air radar first fitted to MiG-21 fighters in the
1960s (NATO code name Spin Scan). Range: 20 km (16 m2
target). Phazotron NIIR, Russia
RP-22 Sapfir 21
Frequency: 12.88 to 13.2 GHz Description: Upgraded Saphir for
late 60s MiG 21 fighters. NATO code name Jay Bird. Range: 30
km (16 m2 taget). Phazotron NIIR, Russia
RP-25 Sapfir 25
Look-down/shoot-down radar for MiG-25PD interceptor of late
‘70s vintage, developed as a replacment for the Foxbat’s original
RP-25 that was compromised by Viktor Belenko’s defection to
Japan with his MiG-25. Range: 100 km (16 m2 RCS target), 115 km
(bomber, look-up mode). Phazotron NIIR, Russia
RP-35
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode digital
phased-array coherent radar with Hands-On-Throttle-AndStick (HOTAS) operation. Reported air-to-air modes include
range-while-search (RWS), velocity search, single-target
tracking, track-while-scan (TWS) of 24 targets with engagement
of four at once, raid assessment, vertical scanning, HUD search,
wide-angle search, boresight mode and automatic terrain
avoidance. Air-to-surface modes are ground mapping (including
real beam), Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, zoom/freeze frame,
GMTI, four-target track-while-scan and ranging. Range: 140 km
(head on), 65 km (tail on). Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Scipio SCP-01
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Multimode radar
developed for lightweight combat aircraft. It has been selected
by Brazilian Air Force to equip the AMX aircraft, a joint
development between Italian and Brazilian industries. Coherent
and frequency agile, it offers air-to-air modes including
look-down, automatic detection, designation and tracking, plus
ground mapping and air to surface ranging. Pulse compression,
pulse Doppler and track-while-scan are also offered. Galileo
Avionica, Tectelcom, Italy, Brazil
Sokol
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Passive phased array fire
control and navigation radar with air-to-air and air to ground
modes, initially associated with Sukhoi Su-27 variants. Air-to-air
modes include wide-angle search, boresight search, HUD search
and vertical scan. Air-to-surface modes include real beam
mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, zoom/freeze frame, SAR,
track-while-scan (four targets), ranging, GMTI. Range: 180 km
(head-on), 80 km (tail-on) against a 3 m2 RCS target. Phazotron
NIIR, Russia
84
Super Kopyo PH
Description: Lightweight version of Super Kopyo with a phased
array antenna. Air-to-air modes include look-up/down,
range-while-scan, single target tracking and air combat
manoeuvring. Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping,
Doppler beam sharpening and SAR. Phazotron NIIR, Russia
UAP 13
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar fitted to
SAAB 35 Draaken interceptors. Ericsson Microwave Systems,
Sweden
Vixen 500E
Frequency: 9 to 10 GHz (X Band) Description: The first in a
range of Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) multi-mode
Fire Control Radars (FCR) intended for fast jet platforms. The
radar combines a state of the art AESA with a Commercial Off
The Shelf (COTS) processor, offering leading edge air-to-air and
air-to-surface capabilities. Modes include Air-to-Air: All aspect
TWS, Single target track, and a number of E-Scan Interleaved
modes. Air Combat: Slewable scan, Vertical scan, HUD search,
and Boresight. Air-to-Surface: Real beam mapping, SAR ground
mapping, Sea surveillance, Beacon, Ranging, GMTI, and ISAR.
Zaslon
Frequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: The first phased array
radar to enter service on a fighter aircraft, Zaslon is the primary
sensor of the MiG-31 (NATO Foxhound) interceptor. It is capable
of detecting and tracking cruise missiles through ground clutter.
Said to be able to track 10 targets and engage four at the same
time. Antenna is 1.1 m in diameter and weighs 300 kg of total
1,000 kg weight. Range: 300 km against large airborne target,
200 km (bomber), 120 km (fighter) Altitude coverage: Down to
25 m. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya
(NIIP), Russia
Zaslon A
Frequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Upgraded Zaslon variant
with a new data processor, giving extended capabilities, longer
range and better ECM resistance. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy
Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia
Zaslon AM
Frequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Upgrade to Zaslon’s data
processing systems for all in-service MiG-31s. NauchnoIssledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia
Zhuk
Description: Zhuk, Zhuk-ME, Zhuk-MSE, Zhuk-MSFE constitute a
family of radars with slotted flat plate or phased array antennas
offering multiple air-to-air and air-to-ground modes. Air-to-air
modes include: target acquisition with speed/range
measurement in free space and against ground or sea clutter;
single/multiple target tracking with simultaneous engagement
of several. Close manoeuvre combat modes include vertical
scanning, HUD Field of View scanning, wide FoV scanning,
fixed-beam and turning beam; detection and engagement of
hovering helicopters; recognition of target types and number
(raid assessment); targeting, target illumination and radio
(datalink) guidance for RVV-AE, R-27R1 (R1E) missiles; targeting
for R-73E, R-27T(TE), Kh-29T(TD) missiles. Air-to-surface modes
include: real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, ‘focused
antenna’ SAR; zoom and freeze frame; multiple target tracking;
maritime surveillance; moving target indication and tracking;
slant range measurement; platform speed measurement;
informational support of low altitude flight (TF/TA); targeting
for Kh-31A, Kh-29T(TD) missiles. Range: 100 km (head on), 40
km (tail on). Phazotron NIIR, Russia
Land-based Air Defence
146-1
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Mobile surveillance and
targeting radar for control of surface-to-air missiles. System
consists of antenna/transceiver trailer, electronics van and
three 75 kW generator vans. Solid state, phased array antenna,
real time processing provide multi-target tracking capability.
ECCM techniques include adaptive wideband pulse-to-pulse
frequency agility. Set-up/dismantling takes 2 hours. Range: Up
to 200 km. Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics
Technology, China
1L 117
Frequency: 3 GHz Wavelength: 10 cm Description: 3D early
warning, GCI and ATC radar based on an upgrade of the P-37
system. All electronics are solid-state except for stable coaxial
magnetrons and cathode-ray tubes. Twin, angled antennas
enable a V-beam technique for the altitude coordinate
measuring produces a relatively cheap 3D-radar with accurate
altitude measuring, according to manufacturer. Consists of one
module containing antenna, transmitters, receivers, IFF and MTI
processing equipment, a second with the operator cabin and a
third housing the power supplies. Set-up/tear-down take 8
hours. Range: 350 km. Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant
(LEMZ) Joint Stock Company (JSC), Russia
1L13-3 Nebo-SV
Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Wavelength: Metric Description:
Mobile 2-D VHF band air defence and ATC radar system mounted
on URAL-4320 off road Vehicles. Phased array antenna is of
folding design and includes antenna rotation and lifting motors.
IFF antenna is separate. Metric wavelength and techniques such
as repositioning of radiation pattern in elevation claimed to
combine with others to give counter-stealth capability. Range:
50 to 330 km depending on altitude for fighter sized target.
Altitude coverage: 40,000 m. NITEL JSC, Russia
36D6
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Short-range, mobile 3D
surveillance, target acquisition and fire control radar associated
with Russian S-300P SAM system. Includes IFF interrogator. Said
to be highly effective in detecting low, medium and high altitude
targets, moving in wide speed range, including winged missiles
with RCS equal to 0.1 m. Capable of tracking 100 targets
simultaneously. Range: 46 km (night, 0.1 m2 RCS target flying at
100 m), 175 km (night, 0.1 m2 target flying at 18,000 m). Altitude
coverage: 20,000 m. Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering
Research Institute, Russia
39N6E Kasta-2E2
Frequency: 300 MHz to 1 GHz Description: Solid-state
short-to-medium-range radar claimed to be able to acquire
stealthy targets as well as aircraft, hovering helicopters, UAVs
and cruise missiles at very low altitudes in heavy clutter and
bad weather. Designed to be integrated into military and civil air
defence, coast and border control, air traffic and air operations
control networks. System consists of hardware truck, antenna
truck and mobile power station mounted on off-road vehicle
chassis. A remote operator post can be installed up to 300 m
away. Range: 5 to 150 km. Altitude coverage: 6,000 m.
All-Russian Radio Engineering Institute, Russia
3D RAC
Description: 3D alert and coordination radar for use with
medium-, short- and very short-range air defence weapon
systems. Optimised for detecting low-observable targets and
under severe weather, jamming and propagation conditions.
Designed for unattended operation in stand-alone or networked
configurations with advanced weapon control post integrated in
the radar shelter. C130 transportable. Set-up/tear-down in 15
minutes on unprepared site by two people. Range: 100 km.
Altitude coverage: 30,000 ft. Thales Air Defence, France
51U6 Kasta-2E1
Frequency: 300 MHz to 1 GHz Description: Surveillance radar
optimised for detection of small and low-flying targets such as
UAVs and cruise missiles as well as helicopters and fixed-wing
aircraft in heavy clutter. Range: 5 to 150 km. Altitude coverage:
6,000 m. All-Russian Radio Engineering Institute, Russia
85
RADAR » Land-based air defence
55G6-1 Nebo
Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Mobile, 3D, long-range
surveillance radar capable of detecting targets over a wide
range of speeds and altitudes. Large antenna aperture and high
power said to provide superior detection of small targets such
as cruise missiles and stealth vehicles. Includes autonomous
power supply. Set-up time on unprepared site 22 hours. Range:
65 to 400 km depending on target RCS and altitude. Altitude
coverage: 75,000 m. NITEL JSC, Russia
55G6-UE Nebo-U
Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Surveillance radar with
stated capability against stealthy targets and high resistance to
countermeasures and clutter. Range: 70 to 400 km depending
on target altitude and RCS. Altitude coverage: 70,000 m.
Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute, Russia
55Z6-3/55K6-3
Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Long-range, mobile air
surveillance radar with high resistance to countermeasures.
Range: 65 to 400 km against fighter-sized targets, depending
on altitude. Altitude coverage: 60,000 mz. Nizhniy Novgorod
Research Radio Technical Institute, Russia
5N69
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Long range, fixed-site, 3D
air-search radar known to NATO as ‘Big Back’ provides range,
bearing, altitude and IFF information. Twin parabolic cylinder
antennas use electronic scanning. Range: 280 nm (500 km).
Russia
67N6E Gamma-DE
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Mobile, air transportable
medium-to-long-range air defence and ATC radar said to be
capable of detecting and tracking small RCS targets in severe
clutter, jamming and weather. Major components are the
mechanically rotated phased array antenna; processing, control,
display and transmitting equipment; IFF interrogator; electrical
power supply; spares kit and measurement equipment. Range:
360 km max Altitude coverage: 60,000 m All-Russian Radio
Engineering Institute, Russia
Acquisition and Radar Control
System (ARCS)
Description: Mobile, radar-based, low-altitude target acquisition
and fire control system combining a development of the
Raytheon TPQ-36A radar and Kongsberg’s KMC 9000 control
console. Kongsberg Gruppen AS Defence Systems, Norway
AN/FPS-108 Cobra Dane
Frequency: 1.215-1.400 GHz Description: Very long-range
ballistic missile and satellite detection and tracking radar
designed for fixed installations. Circular, 35,000 element phased
array antenna is 30 m in diameter. System can track 100 objects
at the same time. Range: 46,000 km (satellite tracking mode)
AN/FPS-88 surveillance
AN/TPS-71
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Upgrade of the FPS-8
above, with longer range, more advanced signal processing,
ECCM and IFF capability. Lockheed Martin, USA
Frequency: 5 to 28 MHz (HF) Description: Relocatable, bistatic
over-the-horizon backscatter (OTHB) surveillance radar
designed to track both aircraft and surface targets at long
range. Transmit and receive sites are separated by 92 to 185 km.
Range: 930 to 2,960 km Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/TPS-32
Frequency: 2.905 to 3.080 GHz Description: Helicoptertransportable 3D tactical surveillance and GCI radar with large
planar array antenna. Features integral IFF system. Azimuth
scanning is mechanical, elevation by means of frequency shift.
Range: 556 km Altitude coverage: 30.48 km ITT Gilfillan, USA
AN/TPS-43
Frequency: 420 to 450 MHz Description: Long-range,
fixed-installation radar developed to detect and track submarine
launched ballistic missiles and satellites. Features two flat,
circular, 2,000 element phased array antennas 30 m in
diameter. Range: 4,800 km Raytheon Electronic Systems,
USA
Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Description: Mobile tactical 3D
surveillance, GCI and fire-control radar. Digital coherent moving
target indication, pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, jamming
analysis and transmission selection, coded pulses and sidelobe
blanking provide strong performance in the face of clutter and
countermeasures. Fits into two M35 trucks or one Hercules
aircraft. Features a flat-plate antenna. Range: 447 km
(fighter-sized target) Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors
and Systems Division, USA
AN/FPS-117
AN/TPS-44 Alert Mk 2
Frequency: 1.215 to 1.4 GHz Description: Medium to long-range
air defence, ATC and GCI radar featuring MTI and doppler
processing to assist in clutter rejection, and integrated IFF
capability. Large, square (7.32 m sides) phased array antenna
produces multiple short- and long-range pencil beams. Antenna
is scanned electronically in elevation, mechanically in azimuth.
Offered in both fixed-site and mobile variants. Range: 5.8 to
288 km Altitude coverage: 30,480 Lockheed Martin, USA
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 400, 533,
800 Description: Tactical surveillance radar with ‘modified
parabolic’ antenna, solid state electronics, IFF system. Consists
of antenna module and separate electronics/operator shelter.
Helicopter, truck or C130 transportable. Set up takes four people
about 40 minutes. Integral part of US 407L tactical air control
system. Target Corporation, USA
AN/FPS-115 Pave Paws
AN/TPS-59
AN/FPS-118
Frequency: 5 to 28 MHz (HF) Description: Over-the-horizonbackscatter (OTHB) long-range early warning radar. A bi-static
system, the FPS-118 uses multi-element transmit and receive
arrays up to 200 km apart and up to 1.1 km wide. OTHB radars
use HF frequencies that are reflected by the ionosphere to
detect targets beyond the horizon. Range: 800 to 2,880 km
Lockheed Martin, USA
96L6E
AN/FPS-124(V)
Wavelength: Centimetric Description: Vehicle-mounted
surveillance and targeting radar associated with S-300 PMU
series and 90Zh6E SAM systems. Features an azimuth-swinging
multibeam antenna array providing electronic beam scanning in
elevation, outputs automatically to the 30N6E, 30N6E1, 30N6E2
target illumination and target indication radars. Said to be
capable of detecting stealthy aircraft. Range: 5 to 300 km
Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant (LEMZ) Joint Stock
Company (JSC), Russia
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: 2D medium-range surveillance radar designed for unattended operation in fixed sites,
tower mounted and protected from weather by a dome. Range:
130 km Altitude coverage: 4.5 km Lockheed Martin, USA
Frequency: 1.215 to 1.4 GHz Description: Long-range tactical
surveillance radar now with capability against tactical ballistic
missiles. Solid-state transmitter elements feed large rectangular
(9.1 m high x 4.9 m) planar array that generates pencil beams
scanned mechanically in azimuth. Antenna is truck- or
trailer-mounted with processing electronics and operator
console in a separate shelter. TPS-59M variant has smaller
antenna for easier mobility. Range: 370 km (TPS-59M) Altitude
coverage: 30.5 km. (TPS-59M) Lockheed Martin, USA
AN/TPS-63
Frequency: 2.7 to 2.9 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 300 to
405 pps Description: Nodding height finder mounted on a
tower in fixed installations or on a six-truck, three-trailer set up
for relocatability. Transmits 3.2 x 0.9 Lockheed Martin, USA
Frequency: 1.225 to 1.4 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 300,
375, 500, 750 Description: Low altitude tactical air defence and
ATC radar with MTI and constant false alarm rate processing
capability. Its ECCM capabilities include frequency agility, PRF
staggering and pulse coding for clutter rejection. System fits
into a single shelter with antenna mounted on top for ease of
deployment. Range: Up to 370 km. Currently available with a
new solid state transmitter. Northrop Grumman Electronic
Sensors and Systems Division, USA
AN/FPS-8
AN/TPS-70
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 360 pps
Description: Medium range surveillance, warning and ATC/GCI
radar mainly used in fixed installations. Features a large,
tower-mounted parabolic reflector. Lockheed Martin, USA
Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 250 to
275 pps Description: Long-range tactical radar capable of
detecting and tracking tactical ballistic missiles and aircraft
simultaneously. Flat plate antenna generates multiple beams to
scan all ranges and elevations at the same time. Azimuth
scanning is mechanical. System consists of antenna and
separate electronics and operator shelter. Range: 450 km
Altitude coverage: 30.3 km Northrop Grumman Electronic
AN/FPS-6
ADR System
Description: Composed of a Vehicle and a Sensor Group on a
trailer, the Aselsan ADR system is capable of fast and accurate
detection and identification of air targets at low altitude air
defense. ASELSAN ADR performs 3-D target detection and
tracking at short to medium range, classify the targets as rotary
or fixed wing, full coverage in azimuth and electronic scanning
in elevation, IFF in middle and low-level altitude ranges,
communicating the target report to the command control
system, jammer detection. Aselsan
86
AN/TPS-75
Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 235,
250, 275 Description: Deployable, long-range, tactical 3D radar
system used as an integral sensor in the US Ground Theater Air
Control System (GTACS). Transportable by truck, helicopter or
C-130, its main components are the shelter and the large
flat-plate Ultra Low Sidelobe Antenna. IFF is integrated. Set up
takes nine people 2.5 hours. Range: 240 nm (444 km) Altitude
coverage: 95,500 ft Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors
and Systems Division, USA
AN/TPS-78
Frequency: 2.8 to 3.1 GHz Description: The next generation of
the successful AN/TPS-70 radar, it has all the capabilities of its
predecessor but is a completely air cooled solid state radar with
the additional capabilities of MTD processing and increased
tactical mobility using a completely redesigned mobile pallet.
Can be configured for aircraft or missile detection Range: 450
km Altitude coverage: 30.3 km Northrop Grumman Electronic
Argos 45
Frequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Truck/shelter-mounted
tactical gap-filling air surveillance radar designed to coordinate
forward area low altitude air defence systems that defend
battalions and selected combat support units which are
vulnerable to high speed low level multirole aircraft and attack
helicopters. Coordinates MANPADS and AAA. Features integral
IFF. An ‘unlimited number’ of autonomous firing units receive
the target data through TDRs (Target Data Receivers). Range:
45 km SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy
Argos 73
Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: Low level mobile air
surveillance radar, consisting of a solid-state primary radar and
a monopulse secondary surveillance radar. This is a derivative of
the AN/TPS 73 radar.Offered in a mobile version for low and
very low air defence as well as in a fixed version for coastal
applications, is designed to detect and identify targets moving
at different speeds (from hovering helicopters to aircraft flying
up to MACH 3) and featuring very small radar cross sections, in
a clutter and jammed environment, and in saturating attacks
using stand-off and smart weapons. Range: 120 km Altitude
coverage: 10,000 m SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy
ARSR-4 (AN/FPS-130)
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Unmanned, long-range, 3D
air surveillance radar capable of civil ATC and military air
defence roles in fixed installations. Includes full secondary
surveillance radar/IFF capability. An array of feed horns
generates two stacks of elevation beams from the single
antenna. Circular polarisation improves detection performance
in bad weather. Range: >400 km Northrop Grumman
Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA
87
Big Bird
DR-162 ADV-ER
Falcon Series Surveillance
GRL 600 – India
Frequency: 3 to 4 GHz. Long-range early warning radar associated
with SA-10 Grumble and probably other SAM systems. Optimised
for detection of low flying attack aircraft and cruise missiles. Big
Bird is NATO code name applied to Russian designations 5N64,
5N64S, 64N6, 64N6E and 64N6E1. Back-to-back phased-array
antennas are carried on a six-axle all-terrain articulated truck.
Range: 260 km against fighter-sized target Measuring
Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude, short/medium
range air defence and surveillance radar mounted on a single
10-tonne truck. Mechanically scanned antenna is mounted on an
18 m folding mast. Can be operated autonomously or integrated
into IADS network. Range: 140 km EADS Defence and
Communications Systems, International
Frequency: 4 to 6 GHz (G-Band) Wavelength: 5.5 cm
Description: 2D surveillance radar designed to detect and track
low flying and sea surface targets. Can be operated remotely
and configured as a mobile system. Dual-feed, reflector-type,
low sidelobe antenna can be raised on a mast. Operator can
choose between horizontal and circular polarisation. Range: 100
to 160 km Altitude coverage: Up to 3 km ITT Gilfillan, USA
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-level, gap-filling air
defence radar system with local area warning and target
designation capability. System fits into two trucks and can be
set up in 30 minutes. Can track up to 40 targets simultaneously
and feed data to 12 weapon systems. Range: 50 km against
fighter aircraft Bharat Electronics Ltd, India
Daryal, Daryal-M, Daryal UM
Wavelength: 1.5 to 2m Description: Anti-ballistic missile and
spacecraft tracking radar designated Pechora in the west.
Features separate phased array antennas for transmission and
reception positioned 0.5 to 1.5 km apart. Mints Radio
Engineering Institute, Russia
Delta
Wavelength: Decimetric Description: Surveillance radar
designed for unmanned operation in remote areas against small,
low flying targets. Range: 40 to 180 km against fighter type
targets depending on altitude. Altitude coverage: 10,000 m
Desna-M
Wavelength: Decimetric Description: Large, long-range, 3D
surveillance radar with strong resistance to countermeasures,
road and rail transportable. Range: 300 km max against
fighter-sized target at 10,000 m altitude Pravdinsk Radio Relay
Equipment Plant, Russia
Dnepr ABM
Frequency: 150 MHz? Description: Member of a ballistic missile
warning/tracking radar evolved from the Dnestr series. NATO
code name Hen House was inspired by the shape of the building
that supports the antenna array. Range: 1,900 km against target
with 1 m2 RCS, up to 5,000 km against larger targets. Mints
Radio Engineering Institute, Russia
Don-2N
Wavelength: Centimetric Description: ABM and space vehicle
tracking radar Range: 600 to 1,00 km Altitude coverage: 1,000
km Mints Radio Engineering Institute, Russia
DR 151
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude, point defence
and surveillance radar mounted on a single 10-tonne truck.
Mechanically scanned antenna is mounted on an 18 m folding
mast. Range: 45 km EADS Defence and Communications
Systems, International
DR 162
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude, short-range
air defence and surveillance radar mounted on a single 10-tonne
truck. Mechanically scanned antenna is mounted on an 18 m
folding mast. Features frequency diversity. Range: 90 km EADS
Defence and Communications Systems, International
DR 172S
Frequency: 1.2 to 1.4 GHz Description: 2D short/medium range
low altitude air defence radar featuring two-channel frequency
diversity and MTI capability, integrated secondary surveillance
radar/IFF . Fits into two shelters. Range: 140 km EADS Defence
and Communications Systems, International
88
Dunai-3U
Wavelength: Decimetric Description: Continuous wave ABM
and space vehicle tracking radar Range: 4,500 km Long Range
Radio Communication Research Insitute Production
Complex, Russia
EL/M-2083 ADAR
Frequency: 390 MHz to 1.55 GHz Description: ADAR is an
advanced three dimensional (3D) solid state active phased array
L-band radar for ATC and air defence. It simultaneously provides
high update rate and long range surveillance by implementing
Electronically Steered Multi-Beam techniques (ESMB). Offers
‘exceptional’ clutter and chaff rejection, availability higher than
99%, an MTBCF of more than 1,000 hours plus superior beam
adaptation and SW flexibility. ADAR consists of the active array
vehicle (antenna vehicle), C2 shelter, IFF, cooling system and
power generator. Scan rate is 6 or 12 rpm. Range: (220 nm)
against 1 m2 target Altitude coverage: 100,000 ft IAI Elta
Electronics Industries, Israel
ESR 220
Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Rapid
deployment battlefield local warning radar system. Offers low
altitude target detection. Features include: solid-state bulk
amplifier, fully coherent architecture, high mobility on all-terrain
transporter, full autonomy on single vehicle, air transportability
by standard cargo aircraft, integral command centre within
armoured shelter, comprehensive ECCM suite, integral
generator, combined radar/IFF, and local or remote control and
status monitoring. Range: 65 km (RCS=2m², 80% Pd, 10-6 Pfa)
RRS a joint venture between Reunert Limited,European
Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) and
Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd., South Africa
GRL 610
Flycatcher
Frequency: I band search I/Ka band tracking Description:
All-weather air defence weapon control radar system for point
and area defence with AA guns against medium- to very
low-level attacks by ECM-protected aircraft. Controls up to three
weapons, being either all medium caliber guns or two guns one
missile optional (command line-of-sight or semi-active homing):
parallax distance upto 1000 m. Container construction,
retractable antennas, diesel-driven power supply,
microminiaturized solid state electronics. Thermal imaging
camera displays selected target to operator. Range: 20 km
Bharat Electronics Ltd, India
Furgon
Wavelength: Metric Description: Very large, but mobile air
defence early warning radar using 32 x 11 m parabolic antenna.
System is contained in seven trailers, with a set-up time of
around 62 hours. Range: 280 to 300 km Altitude coverage:
35,000 m Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research
Institute and NITEL JSC, Russia
Gamma-S1E
Wavelength: Centimetric Description: Long-range, 3D air
defence and ATC radar mounted on three trucks, two of which
tow equipment trailers. Can be used by rapid deployment forces.
Features a phased array antenna with co-located IFF system
Minimum set up time quoted as three minutes. Completes one
azimuth scan every 10 seconds. Can be remotely controlled from
up to 15 km away over a radio link. Range: 10 to 400 km max
Altitude coverage: 30,000 m All-Russian Radio Engineering
Institute, Russia
Gerfaut
ESR 360L
Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Rapidly
deployable medium range 3D low cover radar. Features include
an active antenna housing distributed transmitter and receiver,
six beams with simultaneous-lobing, integral track-while-scan
capability, a fully coherent architecture, a comprehensive ECCM
suite and a o-located or remote operations centre. Range: 200
km (detection), 300 km (instrumented) RRS a joint venture
between Reunert Limited,European Aeronautic Defence and
Space Company (EADS) and Kgorong Investment Holdings
(Pty) Ltd., South Africa
ESR 380
Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Longerrange variant of ESR 360 family Range: 330 km (detection)
450 km (instrumented) RRS a joint venture between
Reunert Limited,European Aeronautic Defence and Space
Company (EADS) and Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty)
Ltd, South Africa
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band) Description:
Radar designed for surveillance, early warning, target
acquisition and designation for SHORADS and VSHORADS
weapons. They support corps anti-aircraft defence, provide alert
to mobile troops, protect vital assets and key points. Altitude
coverage: up to 5,000 m. Can be fitted to all battlefield vehicles.
Range: 14-30 km Thales Air Defence, France
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-level, gap-filling air
defence radar system mounted in three trucks. Radiation
pattern from parabolic antenna has flat bottom to avoid ground
clutter. Operator can select from 12 transmission frequencies.
Offers full tracking capability against manoeuvring targets. Has
integral IFF antenna. Range: 90 km against fighter aircraft
Altitude coverage: 30 to 1,700 m Bharat Electronics Ltd, India
HARD/Improved HARD
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: The Helicopter and
Aircraft Radio Detection (HARD) system is a 3D search and
acquisition radar specially designed to be a ‘silent radar’ in
short range air defense missile systems. Small size and low
weight make it easy to integrate in vehicles of all kind. HARD
uses a complex search beam pattern and multiple tracking
beams, a strategy which contributes to its ‘outstanding’ ECCM
and LPI characteristics. The HARD process different channels,
MTI for fixed wing targets, HLC for helicopter detection and
analysis and a non-MTI channel for increased sensitivity and
detection of tangential targets. Range: 8 to 10 km (helicopter),
16 to 20 km (fixed-wing aircraft). Ericsson Microwave
Systems, Sweden
HN-401R
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Mobile 2D long-range air
defence surveillance radar with a 17 x 8 m apperture
horizontally polarized planar array antenna. Range: Maximum
range reported as 300 km against a 1.5 m2 target. China
National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China
HR-3000 (HADR)
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E- to F-Band) Description: 3D, phased
array air defence radar designed for national air defense
networks as a gap filler, to augment exist capability, or to
replace obsolete equipment. Elevation scanning of pencil beam
is electronic, azimuth scanning of 4.8 x 6 m antenna is
mechanical at 10 to 12 rpm. Range: 320 km (200 nm) against 1
m2 target Altitude coverage: 98,000 ft (30 km) Raytheon
Indra II
Giraffe AMB
Frequency: C-band (NATO G- to H- Band) 4 to 8 GHz
Description: Agile Multi-Beam (AMB), 3D radar system
with integrated command, control and communications for
use in tactical air defence and surveillance systems. The latest
in an established family, Giraffe AMB is designed to keep a
threat adapted alert status, to optimise air defence reaction
time by providing early target information and to optimise air
defence efficiency by co-ordination of fire units, that may be of
mixed types. Can operate autonomously for point defence and
in an area defence as a gap filler. Ericsson Microwave
Systems, Sweden
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude radar designed
for gap filling role in an air defence network. It is a transportable
and self-contained system with easy mobility and deployment
features. Capable of handling 200 tracks, it is a fully coherent
system, uses frequency agility, pulse compression and advanced
signal processing techniques such as MTD and CFAR. Track
while scan operates in 2D mode. Offers full tracking capabilities
against manoeuvering targets. Features integral IFF and can
associate with primary targets. Probability of detection is 90%
with a single scan. Deployment time is about 60 minutes. The
system consists of an antenna, transmitter cabin and display
cabin mounted on three separate vehicles. Range: 90 km (for
fighter aircraft) Altitude coverage: 35 m to 3,000 m Bharat
Electronics Ltd, India
89
J/FPS-2
JY-27
Master-A
N-22
Description: Phased-array 3D air defence radar for fixed-site
applications. Mechanical rotation for azimuth scanning,
electronic scanning used in elevation. NEC Corporation, Japan
Multi-function, 3D radar gap filler radar designed to detect and
track highly manoeuvrable aircraft, UAVs and cruise missiles.
Operates unattended, stands alone with co-located C2 facility.
Transported in three 10-tonne trucks and one 20-tonne trailer.
Set-up/tear-down: 90 minutes/8 people. Range: 300 km
(surveillance mode), 370 km (tracking mode). Altitude coverage
up to 80,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France
Frequency: S-band. Description: mobile medium-range 2D
surveillance radar for a tactical use; mounted on four-axle truck
chassis; reflector antenna elevated on twin arms; deployment
time ca. 3 minutes. Range: 100 km. Altitude coverage: 7 km
RADWAR, Poland
Description: Long-range 3D phased array air defence radar
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan
Frequency: 0.2 to 0.3 GHz (A to B band) Description:
Long-range surveillance radar with airborne moving target
indication and constant false alarm rate processing capabilities.
Solid state transmitter offers frequency agility, pulse
compression, spectrum filtering. Can be operated unattended.
Range: More than 330 km East China Research Institute of
Electronic Engineering, China
J/TPS-102
JY-8A
Description: Short-range, phased-array mobile air defence
radar NEC Corporation, Japan
Description: 3D targeting and fire control radar for missiles and
guns. Consists of antenna and receiver shelter on a trailer,
truck-mounted operations and maintenance shelters and tractor
unit. Range: 150 km China National Electronics Import and
Export Corp, China
J/FPS-3
Jindalee Operational Radar
Network (JORN)
Frequency: 3 to 30 MHz Description: High frequency Over The
Horizon Backscatter (OTHB) radar network with separate
transmission and reception sites. Jorn is designed to detect
aircraft, ships and ocean wave heights. Range: Up to 3,000 km
from transmission sites. RLM Systems, Australia
JLG-43
Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz (E/F-band) Description: Mobile nodding
height finder transportable in two trucks. Range: 200 km
Altitude coverage: 25,000 m China National Electronics
Import and Export Corp, China
JLP-40
Frequency: 1 to 2 Ghz and 2 to 4 GHz (D and E/F-bands)
Description: Tactical ground-controlled interception (GCI) radar
derived from Russian Bar Lock system. Distinctive double
parabolic antennas (D-band upper, E/F-band lower) mounted on
rotating cabin feature vertically stacked feed horns. Range:
Range reported as 270 km. China National Electronics Import
and Export Corp, China
JY-10F
Description: Family of cabinet mounted data processing
systems capable of handling inputs from up to six radars,
performing analogue to digital conversion and generating an air
picture. East China Research Institute of Electronic
Engineering, China
JY-11
Description: Fixed-site or ground mobile solid state low altitude
surveillance radar for integrated or stand-alone applications.
Features include a dual-frequency antenna and solid state
transmitter. Uses pulse compression and constant false alarm
rate processing techniques. Range: 180 km East China
Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China
JY-9
Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz (E band) Description: Air defence
surveillance radar designed to detect targets at low altitudes, in
clutter and ECM. Antenna, ops shelter and power cart are air
transportable. Set-up time 20 minutes. Range: 150 km East
China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China
JY-9F
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E to F band) Description: Multi-purpose,
low-altitude air defence, fire control and ATC radar mounted in
two truck/trailer pairs. Range: More than 150 km East China
Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China
Long range 3D air defence radar designed for unattended
operation, stand-alone transceiver/antenna system with
co-located C2 facility. Available in fixed and mobile
configurations. Backbone infrastructure integrated in air C2
network. Deploys in three 10-tonne trucks and one 20-tonne
trailer. Set-up/tear-down time: 2 hours/8 people. Range: 470 km
Altitude coverage: 100,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France
Master-M3R
Fixed or deployable 3D long range air defence and anti-TBM
radar with azimuth and elevation electronic scanning. Rotating
antenna mode for surveillance and tracking, staring mode for
sector scanning (anti-TBM mode). System fits into five 20 ft ISO
containers, each weighing less than 8 tonnes. Set-up/tear-down
time less than 2 hours. Range: 470 km (air defence mode), 1,000
km (TBM defence mode). Thales Air Defence, France
Kabina-66
Wavelength: Decimetric Description: Long-range detection and
guidance radar system with NATO code name Back Net. System
includes 2 range detectors and 2 to 4 altitude determination
subsystems. Capable of detecting both low- and high-altitude
targets, Kabina-66 Back can detect and identify anti-radar
missiles and counter their seekers. To antennas rotate at 6 rpm.
Range: 380 km against fighter at high altitude Pravdinsk Radio
Relay Equipment Plant, Russia
Lena
Wavelength: Metric Description: Fixed-installation early
warning radar featuring 32 x 11 m parabolic antenna. Range:
300 km max against fighter-sized target at 10,000 m altitude
Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute and
NITEL JSC, Russia
Long Track
Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: Mobile, tactical air defence
radar mounted on large tracked vehicle. Parabolic reflector
features stacked feeds, rotates at 15 rpm. Range: 150 km
Altitude coverage: 30,000 m Russia
JY-14
Low Altitude Aircraft Detection
System (LAADS)
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 4,160 to
4,840 pps Description: Truck/helicopter/C-130 transportable
low altitude air defence radar, C2 and fire control system for
short range anti-air systems such as MANPADS and guns.
Stowable, parabolic reflector antenna is supported by an
extendable mast on a standard US 280 shelter. Range: 60 km
(30 km for hovering helicopter) BAE SYSTEMS, USA
Frequency: 3.2 to 3.4 GHz. Description: mobile 3D search radar
for tactical use; can be easily integrated into an air defence
system; N-26 family includes two basic versions: the light-weight
N-26B and the armoured N-26C; antenna is elevated on twin
arms. Range: 60 km / 100 km (depending on operation mode)
Altitude coverage: 10 / 8 km (depending on operation mode)
RADWAR, Poland
Oborona 14
Wavelength: Metric Description: Long range, early warning
radar derived from Lena family. Mobile on six-unit truck and
trailer set. Has separate low and high beams, emphasised by
different operating modes. Set-up takes 24 hours. Range: 300
km max against fighter-sized target at 10,000 m altitude
Altitude coverage: 45,000 m Nizhegorodsky Radio
Engineering Research Institute and NITEL JSC, Russia
Odd Group height finder
Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: Height finding radar system
featuring large paraboloid antenna Russia
Over-The-Horizon-Backscatter
Master-S
Low-altitude medium-range tactical 3D radar designed to fill
gaps in coverage and provide warning against low altitude
threats such as cruise missiles, attack helicopters and fighters
with advanced terrain avoidance systems. Designed for
unattended, stand-alone operation with co-located C2,
integrated into air C2 network. Hard to detect and jam.
Transportable in two 10-tonne trucks/C-130. Set-up/tear-down
on unprepared site: 30 minutes with four people. Range: 150 km
Frequency: 4 to 30 MHz Wavelength: Short wave Description:
Very long-range, powerful radar system designed to detect ICBM
launches via atmospheric disturbances caused by exhaust
plumes. Country: Russia
P-10
Frequency: 73 to 93 MHz Description: Mobile early-warning
radar, NATO code name Knife Rest, associated with SA-2
Guideline SAM system. Thought to be obsolete. Range: 185 to
280 km Country: Russia
P-12
Master-T
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band). Tactial 3D
long-range radar operable under ‘the worst’ active jamming,
chaff and clutter conditions. Mobile in two 10-tonne trucks/C130,
designed for unattended, stand-alone operation with co-located
C2 facility or integration into air C2. Set-up/tear down in 30 min
with four people. Range: 440 km (380 km against small aircraft)
MMSR
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E to F band) Description: Large,
long-range 3D air-surveillance and ground-controlled
interception (GCI) radar with frequency agility and diversity, low
sidelobe antenna, 1 MW transmission power and low power
decoy mode. Covers 20 degrees in elevation. Range: 450 km
Altitude coverage: 30,000 m East China Research Institute
of Electronic Engineering, China
90
Master-M
N-26
Frequency: 3.2 to 3.4 GHz. Description: mobile multi-beam 3D
search radar, for target acquisition purposes in medium and
short range air defence systems; can be mounted on almost any
cross-country vehicle chassis, antenna is automatically levelled,
data renewal time 2 s. Range: 40 km RADWAR, Poland
Model 17C
Frequency: 03. to 1 GHz Description: Mobile early warning radar
optimised for detection of medium- and high-altitude air targets.
One truck carries large yagi antenna array and operator cabin,
second truck provides electrical power. Range: Intermediate
China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China
Frequency: 147 to 161 MHz Description: Truck- or trailermounted early-warning radar, NATO code name Spoon Rest,
associated with SA-2 Guideline and SA-3 Goa SAM systems.
Range: 185 to 280 km Country: Russia
P-14
Frequency: 150 to 180 MHz Description: Large, long-range
early warning radar with NATO code name Tall King inspired by
11 x 30 m antenna Range: 500 to 600 km Altitude coverage:
45,700 m Country: Russia
P-15
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 200 to
700 pps Description: Mobile medium-range warning and target
acquisition radar with NATO code name Flat Face. Associated
with both SAMS and guns, effective against low-flying targets.
Usually mounted on a Zil-157 6x6 truck and trailer combination.
Reported set-up time is 10 minutes. Range: 250 km (70 km @
300 m altitude) Country: Russia
91
P-15M
RAT 31DL
S743D Martello
Theater Missile Defense Radar
Frequency: C-band Description: Mobile medium range warning
and target acquisition radar designed to provide low altitude
targeting for SAMS. Features a mast-mounted paraboloid
antenna. NATO code name is Squat Eye. Range: 128 to 200 km
Country: Russia
Frequency: 2-4 GHz Description: High performance
transportable L-band (D-NATO band) land based phased
array 3D long range radar, fully solid state in antenna radar.
Multiple independent and simultaneous narrow pencil beam
scanning architecture with monopulse technique for height
measurement. Of latest State-of-the-art technology, and
classified as NATO Class-1 radar, the RAT 31DL incorporates
advanced technical capabilities for counter-measures (ECCM).
Designed to operate in a modern and complex environment,
the RAT 31DL is able to rapidly adapts to a broad spectrum of
changing scenarios where jammers coexist with heavy clutter.
The RAT 3DL features Anti-Tactical-Ballistic Missile (ATBM)
capabilities as well. Range: >500 km SELEX Sistemi
Integrati, Italy
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Major upgrade of the 723
Martello. Advanced planar phased array antenna, new
transmitter provide more bandwith, greater reliability and easier
maintenance/support. Signal processor uses massively parallel
computing techniques, automatic reconfiguration in case of
failures. BAE Systems Insyte
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Long-range surveillance
and fire control radar for detection, tracking and engagement of
theatre ballistic missiles as part of the Theatre High Altitude Air
Defence (THAAD) system. Uses a trailer-mounted phased array
antenna with an area of 9.2 m2. Range: 1,000 km Raytheon
S763-LANZA
TRM-L 3D
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: High performance L-band
land based long range radar that uses a scanning pencil beam
tecchnique. Fully solid state for high reliability. Combines
antenna, transmitter and receivers from 743 Martello with signal
processor and IFF supplied by Indra of Spain. Range: 470 km
Altitude coverage: >30,000 m BAE Systems Insyte
RAT 31 DL/M 3D DEPLOYABLE LONG
RANGE RADAR
Series 320
Frequency: 4-6 GHz Description: Short- to medium-range
surveilance and target acquisition radar system housed in
6-axle cross country vehicle. Self contained and mobile it
includes integrated secondary radar system and operator
workstations in one vehicle for rapid deployment and fast
set-up/tear-down. Fully-coherent multi-mode phased array
suveillance and target acquisition radar system for detecting,
tracking small, fast and low-flying aircraft, missiles and hovering
helicopters. It can be deployed as a stand-alone radar or can be
integrated into air defence networks in coordination with other
radars and command control systems. Set-up/tear-down takes
two people 10 minutes. Range: 200 km EADS Defence and
Communications Systems, International
P-35/37
Frequency: Multiple frequencies between 2.695 and 3.125 GHz
Pulse Repetition Frequency: 375 pps Description: Mobile,
trailer-mounted warning and GCI radar with twin paraboloid
antennas, each producing three vertically stacked beams. NATO
code name Bar Lock A (P-35), Bar Lock B (P-37). Each of P-35’s
antennas has four wave guides, while P-37’s have three. P-37M
Bar Lock C has two (upper) and four (lower) wave guides.
Range: 200 to 390 km Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant
(LEMZ) Joint Stock Company (JSC), Russia
Protivnik-GE
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Long-range, 3D,
surveillance, ATC and GCI radar with large, vertically mounted
rectangular antenna array, which is mechanically scanned in
azimuth. Range: <400 km Altitude coverage: 50 m to 120 km
PRV-11
Frequency: 2.56 to 2.71 GHz. Mobile height finding radar system
featuring nodding paraboloid antenna and rotating cabin mounted
on trailer. Range: 180 km Altitude coverage: 32 km Russia
PRV-9
Frequency: 6 to 8 GHz Description: Mobile height finding radar
system featuring a slim, eliptical nodding antenna. NATO code
name Thin Skin. Range: 240 km Altitude coverage: 30 km
Country: Russia
PSM 33 Mk II
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Long-range 3-D mobile
radar employing electronic scanning in elevation for determing
target altitude. It uses mechanical azimuth scanning. System is
configured in three vehicles, one each for the antenna,
transmitter cabin, and the receiver and processor cabin. Features
include: frequency agility, monopulse processing for height
estimation, adaptive sensitivity time control, jamming analysis
indication, pulse compression, plot filtering/tracking, data
remoting and integrated secondary surveillance radar. It has an
autonomous display for stand-alone operation, but can be
connected to an air defence network. Air transportable, set up
takes eight people less than an hour. Range: 440 km (surveillance) 510 km (early warning) Bharat Electronics Ltd, India
RAT 31 S/SS
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Based on previous
experiences in tactical medium range radars (RAT 31S – RAT
31SC) and on advanced technologies used in long range radars,
RAT 31S/SS is the new advanced 3D, highly mobile, fully solid
state multi-mission medium range radar for gap-filling, area
defence and point defence. Offers full band pulseto-pulse
frequency agility from low Peak Power solid state transmitter,
high detection performance in all environments utilizing
Adaptive Moving Target Indication (AMTI) with anti-clutter/
ECCM features, monopulse height measurements. Transportable
by C-130 Hercules and CH-47 Chinook helicopter. Set-up takes 15
minutes. Range: Medium SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy
92
A tactical Long Range Radar operating in D-band, specifically
designed to support the NATO troops in peacekeeping missions.
It can be deployed on the battlefield as a front line system to
protect and survey territories and assets against all air threats.
To perform these tasks in a worldwide tactical environment,
RAT 31 DL/M is highly mobile and does not require any special
loading/uploading equipment. The whole system is housed in
two 20 ft ISO container, mounted on two commercial
cross-country trucks for land mobility. This radar is designed
for rapid deployment to provide the Corps with the capability
to move quickly for regrouping. It is equipped with its own
electrical power source and is self-sufficient for a long time.
The radar architecture is the worldwide unique Multiple
Simultaneous Pencil Beams (MSPB). The multiple beams are
electronically and independently steered in elevation both in
transmission and reception. This technology allows innovative
and dedicated war-fighting solutions against several threat
sources such as TBM, ECM and mass raid. The system exceeds
NATO requirements for the Deployable AIR Defence Radar.
SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy
Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Description: Family of E/F-Band air
defence radars with large planar phased array antennas
electronically scanned in elevation and mechanically in azimuth.
Available in two versions with either 6.4 x 5.18 or 3.65 x 9.75 m
trailer-mounted antennas. They use a high degree of automation.
Moving Target Indication helps penetrate ground clutter. Range:
370 or 556 km depending on transmitter power ITT Gilfillan, USA
Silent Sentry Passive Radar Detection
System
Frequency: 50 to 800 MHz Description: Passive receiver
system that detects and tracks air targets by monitoring
reflected FM signals from pre-surveyed radio and TV stations.
Lockheed Martin Mission Systems, USA
ST-68UM
Frequency: Centimetric Description: Low-altitude, 3D radar
designed to detect cruise missiles. Range: 20 km (cruise missile
flying at 60 m, heavy ECM). Set up time is 1 to 2 hours
depending on whether antenna tower is used. Country: Russia
Struna-1
Rezonans surveillance
Frequency: Metric Description: Long range radar designed to
detect challenging targets such as stealth aircraft, cruise
missiles, ballistic missiles and other hypersonic vehicles. Range:
500 km (350 km against fighter-size target at 10,000 m)
Altitude coverage: 100 km Long Range Radio Communication
Research Insitute Production Complex, Russia
S713/723 Martello
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Family of high performance
transportable land based long range 3D radars operating
in L-band. Fully solid state for high reliability. 713 version’s
antenna, transmitter, signal and data processing systems,
cooling and air conditioning, and power generation systems all
pack into ISO containers for C130 transportability. 723 version
features a more advanced large, rectangular planar array
antenna with lower vertical and wider horizontal appertures,
plus individual transmitters feeding each element to ensure soft
degradation in the case of failures. Antenna rotates at 6 rpm.
723 fits into a trailer and a container. Range: 500 km (723A)
BAE Systems Insyte
Description: Bi-static (separated transmit and receive sites)
radar system designed to detect stealthy aircraft and missiles.
Altitude coverage: 7 km Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering
Research Institute, Russia
Tactical Ballistic Missile Detection
Radar
Description: A variant of AN/TPS-70 designed to detect and
track tactical ballistic missiles, or switch back to air defence
mode. Twin, angled phased array antennas mounted on the back
of a truck. Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and
Systems, USA
Tactical Control Radar
Frequency: 8.2 to 12.4 GHz Description: Mobile, air
transportable, Short-range warning, alerting and cueing radar
system with weapon control and other C2 functions. It is
designed to minimise mutual interference between air
defenders and friendly air space users. Features multiple target
handling and engagement capability. It makes local threat
evaluation and engagement calculations to assist the
commander’s decision making process, and give effective local
fire distribution. Mounted in a single vehicle, it takes two people
10 minutes to set up. Range: 40 km (against 4 m2 target)
Altitude coverage: 3,000 m Bharat Electronics Ltd, India
TRM-S
Frequency: 4 to 6 GHz Description: Aerea defence 3D radar
system mounted in two 10-tonne trucks, one for the unmanned
electronically scanned antenna/transceiver system, the other
for the operator shelter. Set-up takes six operators under 30
minutes. IFF integrated into antenna array. Frequency, PRF and
polarisation are all agile to maximise ECCM capability and can
control a stand-off self-protection decoy. Uses pulse
compression to boost range resolution. Range: 200 km EADS
Defence and Communications Systems, International
TRS 2052
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Large, fixed-site,
tower-mounted early warning radar whose double curved
antenna produces high- and low-cover beams. Features
integrated IFF antenna. Range: >350 km Thales Air Defence,
France
TRS 2053
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Similar to 2052 but with
smaller antenna, 2053 is designed as an air defence gap filler or
an aircraft recovery radar Thales Air Defence, France
TRS 2054
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Wavelength: 23 cm Description: Long
range surveillance radar, tower-mounted for fixed sites. Features
a dual beam antenna with reduced sidelobes, good
discrimination of small targets in clutter. Can be operated
unmanned. Range: 370 km against small aircraft Thales Air
Defence, France
TRS 2056
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Movable aircraft recovery
radar with smaller antenna than 2053. Thales Air Defence,
France
93
Battlefield radars « RADAR
TRS 2100 Tiger S
Type 571
76N6
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: High-performance,
low-altitude surveillance radar with moving target indication
capability and pulse compression for clutter rejection. Can be
used alone or as a gap filler in an air defence network and is
transportable by helicopter.5 x 2.3 m antenna features integral
IFF aerial. Range: 110 km Altitude coverage: >6,000 m Thales
Air Defence, France
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz (D band) Description: 2 D moving target
indication radar for low altitude surveillance, features frequency
hopping capability. Transported by two trucks, one carrying the
antenna and operations cabin, the other the power supply.
Array uses two vertically stacked parabaloid antennas. China
National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China
Description: Search and target acquisition radar (NATO code
name Clam Shell) associated with S300PMU and PMU1 (SA-10
Grumble) SAM systems. Features separate transmitting and
receiving phases array antennas and is capable of tracking 180
targets simultaneously. It is a shelter/trailer-mounted system
towed by a truck, antennas are on folding masts. Set-up/
tear-down time is 120 minutes. Range: 90 km (target at 500 m),
120 km (target at 1000 m) Lira Design Bureau, Russia
Type 581
TRS 2105/2106 Tiger G
Frequency: 4 to 6 GHz Description: Tactical, low-altitude
surveillance, weapon control and C2 radar using frequency
agility, pulse compression, MTI, coherent transmission and
constant false alarm rate processing to cope with clutter,
countermeasures and hostile atmospheric conditions. Cabin, 8
m folding mast and 3 x 1.6 m antenna fit into C-130. Range: Up
to 100 km Thales Air Defence, France
TRS 2140
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Intermediate range,
low-altitude, 3D surveillance radar for point, area defence or
gap filling. Optimised for detection of very manoeuvrable
targets including missiles, helicopters and supersonic aircraft in
the face of clutter and countermeasures. Range: 145 km
TRS 2201
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Very powerful (20 MW
peak), long-range, 3D air-defence radar for fixed sites as part
of integrated air defence system. Range: >460 km Thales Air
Defence, France
TRS 2215/2230
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Long-range 3D air defence
radars for fixed but relocatable (2230) or mobile (2215)
applications. Mobile version fits C130/C160. Hight finding is by
electronically scanned phased array. Mechanically rotated
azimuth antenna is mounted above. Both feature low sidelobes.
Clutter/countermeasures resistance techniques include
inhibition of jammed frequencies, pseudo-random pulse
repetition freuqency generation, automatic clutter processing
and MTI filtering. Range: 510 km Altitude coverage: >30,500 m
Thales Air Defence, France
TRS 22XX
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Mobile, air transportable,
long-range 3D air defence radar with antenna that rotates for
azimuth coverage but uses phased array electronic scanning for
altitude coverage. Features sophisiticated jamming avoidance
techniques such as pulse-to-pulse or burst-to-burst frequency
agility, and ECCM strategies such as strobe extraction and
least-jammed frequency selection. Range: 470 km Altitude
coverage: 100,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France
Type 408-C
Frequency: 100 to 120 and 150 to 180 MHz Description:
Long-range, early warning radar capable of operating on both
frequency bands at once and which is frequency agile within
both. Can counter asynchronous pulse jamming and repeater
pulse jamming. Range: Long China National Electronics
94
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz (D band) Description: Two-truck
transportable tactical air defence radar for medium- to
low-altitude surveillance. Features 9.7 m scanner that requires
stabilising legs. Range: 190 km China National Electronics
YLC-4
Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz (UHF) Description: 2 D long-range
surveillance radar with moving target indication capability,
height coverage up to 30,000 m, solid-state transmitter and
receiver, large, trailer mounted, low sidelobe antenna with
stabilising legs. Frequency agile in both pulse-to-pulse and
burst-to-burst senses. Range: 410 km Altitude coverage:
30,000 m Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics
Technology, China
Battlefield Radars
76N6S
Description: Low-altitude search and target acquisition radar
for S300PMU missile system, optimised for low RCS targets in
ground clutter and heavy ECM. Transporter is a MAZ-543 truck.
Range: 90 km (target at 500 m), 120 km (target at 1000 m) Lira
Design Bureau/Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant (LEMZ)
JSC, Russia
7941 Muzzle Velocity Radar System
The system measures a wide variety of field, anti-aircraft and
naval artillery shells and provides accurate muzzle velocity data
to enhance first round hit probability. The system also calibrates
its host weapon on the basis of the measurement of the
velocities of multiple rounds. Acquired calibration data can be
stored and used in muzzle velocity management. Muzzle
Velocity Range: 50-2000 m/s. Aselsan 9KA 500 Mk3
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Coastal defence fire
control radar for artillery and missiles, integrated with EO
sensors, remotely operated. SAAB Systems, Sweden
1S91
9S15MTZ
Frequency: 4 to 10 GHz Description: Fire control radar system
with NATO code name Straight Flush associated with the 3M9
Kub (NATO SA-6 Gainful) SAM. Consists of two independently
revolving antennas mounted one above the other on a tracked
armoured vehicle. Search and detection, at 4 to 8 GHz, tracking
and illumination at around 8 GHz. Command guidance for
missile thought to be at lower frequency. Range: 90 km
reported Altitude coverage: 10 km Country: Russia
Wavelength: centimetric Description: 3D target acquisition and
tracking radar associated with the S-300V SAM system. It is
designed to detect and identify targets including aircraft,
tactical ballistic and cruise missiles and feed the information
either to the S-300V command post (CP) data processing
centres for air defence C3I systems. Large, low-sidelobe planar
array antenna is mounted on a tracked armoured vehicle.
Range: 100 km (fighter-sized target) Measuring Instruments
Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia
3D RAC
Frequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Truck-mounted, C-130
transportable, multi-mode 3D radar for co-ordinating medium
range, short range and very-short range air defense weapon
systems. Optimized for detecting low observable targets, it
can operate under the most severe weather, jamming and
propagation conditions. It detects and classifies modern threats,
including helicopters hovering at very low altitude. Planar
phased-array antenna is mounted on extendable mast. IFF is
integral. Range: 100 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 ft Thales
Raytheon Systems, France/USA
9S18M1E
Wavelength: centimetric Description: Mobile, 3-D, frequencyagile coherent pulse radar designed to detect and identify air
threats and feed target data to the Buk-M1E AD missile system
and air defence C2 systems over a secure datalink. Electronic
beam scanning is used for elevation and mechanical antenna
rotation in azimuth. Pulse-to-pulse cancellation circuit
minimizes clutter, chaff and cloud returns. Radar is mounted
on a GM-567 tracked armoured vehicle. Range: 100 km
(fighter-sized target) Measuring Instruments Research
Institute (NIIIP), Russia
64N6E
Wavelength: centimetric Description: Mobile, 360 deg scanning
radar with a two-face phased array antenna, automatic
operation. It cues the 83M6E control system associated with the
S-300 PMU1 AD missile. It tracks a variety of threats in spite of
heavy ECM, identifies detected threats and measures the
bearings of hostile jammers. Carrier frequency hopping protects
against spot jamming, while a three-path automatic equalizer
handles sidelobe barrage jamming. MTI circuits help reject chaff.
Set-up/tear-down time reported as 5 minutes. Range: 260 km
(fighter-sized target Measuring Instruments Research
Institute (NIIIP), Russia
ABS-1
Description: Artillery Ballistic Station: a muzzle-velocity
measuring radar for artillery and mortars. Russia
ADAR-1 Chang Bei
Description: Truck-mounted multifunction, phased-array
search, target tracking and fire control radar associated with
Taiwan’s Tien Kung (Sky Bow) SAM system. It cues a continuous
wave illuminator for missile guidance, enabling multiple target
engagements. Range: 500 km Chung Shan Institute of
Science and Technology (CSIST), Taiwan
» An Air Force technician performs a periodic maintenance
inspection on an AN/TPS-75 air surveillance radar at irkuk Air
Base, Iraq. (us air force)
AMSTAR
Description: Man portable surveillance and target acquisition
radar designed for observer and reconnaissance elements of
infantry, armour and artillery forces. The radar performance is
optimised for operation against targets as widely varying as
personnel, vehicles, in-shore vessels and low flying helicopters.
Range: Single scan at 9 deg/s. Pedestrian: 11 km, Vehicle: 22 km,
Tank: 26 km, helicopter: 21 km, boat: 13 km, vessel: 42 km.
Thales Air Defence, Germany
AN/MPQ-53
Frequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Surveillance, target
acquisition and tracking radar for the Patriot SAM system, which
is capable of engaging airborne targets including tactical ballistic
missiles at all altitudes. Multiple phased array antennas are
mounted on a large rectangular carrier, itself mounted on a truck
trailer. These arrays carry out the target acquisition and tracking,
IFF, missile guidance and sidelobe cancellation functions. Range:
3 to 170 km Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz. Medium range 3D radar for the US Army’s
new Short Range Air Defence (SHORAD) system. It is designed for
co-ordination of anti-aircraft weapon systems such as Stinger,
HAWK or surface launched AMRAAM missiles and as a gap-filler.
Phased array antenna and receiver/processor is mounted on a
trailer towed by a Humvee. The generator is housed in the back of
the Humvee. Narrow beam is phase- and frequency-scanned.
Range: 75 km Thales Raytheon Systems, USA
AN/PPQ-2 PSTAR (Portable Search and
Target Acquisition Radar)
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod
mounted surveillance and target acquisition radar with IFF for
the defence of forward deployed units from air attack. Boasts
excellent performance despite clutter and ECM. The
Pulse-Doppler radar can classify helicopters based on Doppler
returns from rotor blades. Range: 20 km Lockheed Martin
Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA
95
RADAR » Battlefield radars
AN/PPS-5C
ARINE
ARTHUR
CREDO
Frequency: J Band Description: Lightweight, Manportable
Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar (MSTAR). Features
wide area surveillance, acquisition and audio mode (for target
classification) to 42 kilometre range. Clutter map overlay on
detections is available as an aid to set-up and determining
areas of visibility. Also provides fall of shot mode for adjustment
of friendly artillery and mortar fire. Available with rugged
PC-based man-machine interface (MMI). System is fully IP
addressable for use in an integrated sensor suite. DRS
Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 5,000
or 5,500 pps Description: Medium medium range portable
radar system designed for surveillance and target acquisition.
Tripod-mounted, it is optimised for the detection of all types
of ground targets – personnel and vehicles – and of low-flying
targets such as helicopters, drones or micro-lights. Range:
100 m to 24 km Indra DTD, Spain
Description: ARTillery HUnting Radar is the weapon-locating
element within a counter-battery system at brigade or division
level. Capable of detecting, tracking and determining the point
of origin of artillery shells, mortar projectiles and rockets. Can
also be used to register and correct outgoing fire. Phased array
antenna and operator shelter can be mounted on 4 x 4 truck or
tracked BV206 armoured vehicle. Range: 20 to 30 km Ericsson
Microwave Systems AB, Sweden
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Two-person-portable,
pulse doppler ground surveillance radar optimised for the
detection of moving targets such as individuals, groups of
people and vehicles. Can be mounted on vehicles or set up on
the ground. Trained operator can distinguish target types via
audio and visual outputs. Range: 4 km (people) 10 km
(armoured vehicle) Kintex, Bulgaria
AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder
Description: Medium-range weapon locating radar which
accurately, rapidly, and automatically locates fire from up to 10
enemy mortars, artillery pieces and rocket launchers in multiple
locations, detecting and reporting their positions on the first
round. Carried by a vehicle and trailer, it can be positioned and
ready for operation in 15 minutes. Range: Mortars: 15 km,
artillery: 18 km, rockets: 24 km ThalesRaytheon Systems, USA
Description: Long-range weapon locating radar which
accurately, rapidly, and automatically locates simultaneous fire
from up to 10 different enemy mortars, artillery and rocket
launchers, reporting their positions on the first round in
seconds. can be positioned and ready for operation in 30
minutes. Adjusts friendly fire. Range: Maximum 50 km.
Effective: mortars 20 km, artillery 30 km, rockets 40 km
ThalesRaytheon Systems, USA
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Weapon locating and
counter battery radar. Block II upgrade to TPQ-37 increases
range, cuts support requirements, adds tactical ballistic missile
tracking capability. Transportable by single C-130 sortie or
multiple CH-47 Chinook lifts. Range: Maximum 400 km.
Effective: mortars 30 km, artillery 60 km, rockets 100 km,
tactical ballistic missiles 300 km. Raytheon Electronic
Systems, USA
AN/UPS-3
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Air-droppable Tactical
Defense Alert Radar (TDAR) is a short range, 2D radar used for
cueing Stinger and Avenger gunners to low-flying aircraft and
helicopters beyond visual range. Can be linked into an air
defence network by cable or radio. Can be mounted on a
pedestal or in a Humvee. Range: 8 to 10 km (helicopters), 20 km
(fixed-wing aircraft) BAE SYSTEMS, USA
ARK-1M
Frequency: 6 GHz Wavelength: 5 cm Description: Mortar,
artillery and rocket locating and fire control radar. Range: Up to
9 km (artillery location), up to 13 km (mortar location), up to 15
km (artillery fire control), up to 17 km (mortar fire control), up to
30 km (rocket location and fire control), 30 km (TBM location),
40 km (TBM fire control). Rosvoorouzhenie, Russia
ARS2000
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable,
tripod-mounted surveillance and fire adjustment radar designed
for detecting, classifying or tracking targets moving on or close
to the ground or sea and artillery fire adjustment. Fully
solid-state design features a user-friendly operator interface
with a B-Scope or PPI display, alarm / friendly zone selection, a
digital map overlay, an integrated camera and visual doppler
spectrum for target classification. Can be controlled remotely.
Range: Up to 40 km (selective range screens)
ARS-2000 Ground Surveillance and
Artillery Fire Adjustment Radar
An X-band, solid-state, pulse-Doppler radar that uses pulse
compression, mono-pulse reception and digital signal processing
techniques. System applications include battlefield surveillance
and intelligence collection, border surveillance, coastal
surveillance, precision artillery fire adjustment, high value
facility security. Detection range: max 38 km. (for moving
targets on the or close to the ground or sea). Aselsan
ARS2001
Description: Man-portable, tripod-mounted surveillance and fire
adjustment radar designed for detecting, classifying or tracking
targets moving on or close to the ground or sea and artillery
fire adjustment. Fully solid-state design features a user friendly
operator interface with a B-Scope or PPI display, alarm /
friendly zone selection, a digital map overlay, an integrated
camera and visual doppler spectrum for target classification.
can be controlled remotely. ARS2001 features circular antenna.
Range: Up to 40 km (selective range screens)
ARSS-1
Arabel
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz (I/J Band) Description: Multi-function
fire control radar capable of detecting, tracking and engaging
multiple targets including jet aircraft, cruise missiles and
tactical ballistic missiles – can track 100 and engage 10
simultaneously. Includes datalink to send target position
updates to Aster 30 missile until its own active radar seeker
takes over. Phased-array antenna rotates at 60 rpm, features
full electronic scanning with large deflection (+/- 45 deg in
elevation and bearing), narrow beam, very low side lobe level.
Transmitter is frequency-agile and varies pulse width. Receiver
uses advanced doppler, pulse compression, mono-pulse tracking.
Range: 50 km (missile, 0.5 m2 RCS), 100 km (jet fighter) Thales
Air Defence, France/Italy
96
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod-,
shelter- or vehicle-mounted Advanced Radar Surveillance
System designed to detect and classify moving targets on the
ground or a low altitude and short ranges using coherent
Doppler techniques. Can be carried by two personnel and
consists of three main parts: antenna unit, tripod and remote
control and display unit. Can be deployed in less than 5 minutes.
Windows NT operating system makes operation easy and user
friendly. Range: Pedestrian 7-10 km, group 10-12 km, light
Vehicle 15 km, heavy vehicle 30 km, hovering helicopter 15 km
Telephonics/IAI Elta, USA/Israel
Crotale
ASKARAD
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable,
tripod-mounted new generation ground-surveillance radar
system used for surveillance of moving targets and for artillery
fire adjustment. ASKARAD combines surveillance, target
acquisition and classification, target tracking and artillery fire
adjustment functions within one unit. Can also be used as a
helicopter homing aid. Range: Vehicle convoy: 30km, heavy
vehicle (tank): 25km, helicopters: 20km, light vehicle (jeep):
15km, soldiers: 15km, 155 mm shells burst: 8km
BFSR – MR
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Ground based surveillance
and acquisition radar capable of detecting and displaying
moving targets including people, vehicles, tanks and low-flying
helicopters. It supports artillery units by providing location of
shell bursts and by providing fire correction data. Pulse-Doppler
radar with parabolic reflector, pulse compression, superheterodyne receiver. Bharat Electronics Ltd, India
BFSR-SR
Description: BattleField Surveillance Radar – Short Range. Man
portable, battery powered surveillance and acquisition radar,
capable of detecting and displaying a diversity of moving
targets such as pedestrians, vehicles, tanks, etc. The radar can
be carried in three man packs. Range: (With PD of 0.9) crawling
man with 0.05 m2 RCS: 0.5 km, ‘moving’ man with 0.2 m2 RCS :
2 km, moving ‘personnel’ with 4 m2 RCS: 5 km, moving ‘B’
vehicle with 4 m2 RCS: 8 km, moving heavy vehicle with 20 m2
RCS: 10 km, low flying helicopter with 2 m2 RCS: 7 km Bharat
BOR-A 550
Frequency: 9.5 GHz Description: Ground, coastal (sea) and
low-level air surveillance radar that detects, locates,
automatically classifies and tracks moving targets. It has a
proven performance at long ranges against small & slow targets
such as people and rubber boats. Mechanically-scanned
parabolic reflector and receiver/processor are tripod-mounted
and linked by cable to a laptop-style control and display unit.
Range: Pedestrian 16 km (19 km option), vehicle 33 km (39 km),
tank 42 km (50 km), helicopter 31 km (36 km), boat 19 km (22
km), vessel: 60 km (80 km). Thales Air Defence, Germany
COBRA
Large, long-range COunter Battery RAdar mounted on four-axle,
off-road capable truck. COBRA employs an advanced, fully
active, microwave phased array antenna with state-of-the-art
digital signal processing. Search and track beams are
automatically scheduled and multiple projectiles – both hostile
as well as friendly counterfire – are simultaneously detected,
verified, classified and tracked. Euro ART (Thales Defence Ltd,
Thales Air Defence, EADS Deutschland, Lockheed Martin
Government Electronic Systems), UK/France/Germany/USA
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (surveillance) and 10 to 20 GHz (fire
control) Description: Surveillance and fire control radars for the
Crotale short-range air defence missile system. Designed to
counter fixed and rotary wing aircraft, cruise and tactical
ballistic missiles, saturation attacks with stand-off weapons.
Pulse Doppler search radar has phased array antenna, rotates
at 60rpm. Monopulse Doppler tracking radar features
centre-fed dish antenna. Both have advanced ECCM. Tracking
system includes thermal imager. Normally installed on two
vehicles including: armoured tracked, wheeled or shelter on
trailer, one for search radar, one for tracking radar, optics and
missiles. Range: 16 km (1 m2 RCS target) Altitude coverage: Up
to 4.5 km Thales Air Defence, France
Crotale NG
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (surveillance) and 10 to 20 GHz (fire
control) Description: Surveillance and fire control radars for the
Crotale New Generation short-range air defence missile system.
Designed to counter fixed and rotary wing aircraft,cruise and
tactical ballistic missiles, saturation attacks with stand-off
weapons. Pulse Doppler search radar is the Gerfaut solid state
device (see below). Monopulse Doppler tracking radar features
centre-fed dish antenna. Both have advanced ECCM. Tracking
system includes thermal imager. Can be installed on one vehicle:
armoured tracked, wheeled or shelter on trailer. Range: 20 km
(search), >20 km (tracking) Altitude coverage: 0 to 5 km Thales
Air Defence, France
Cymbeline
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Phased array, mortar
locating radar that detects the flight path of a mortar bomb at
two points in its trajectory, as it passes through the radar beam,
allowing the point of origin to be identified and engaged.
Cymbeline has been built in vehicle-mounted and towed
configurations. Range: 10 km (81 mm mortar bomb) Thales, UK
Dagger
Description: ‘Robust and accurate’ surveillance radar designed
originally for the new Rapier Field Standard C air defence
system now in service with the British Army. AMS (BAE
SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy
DN 181 Blindfire
Description: Trailer-mounted tracking and fire control radar for
Rapier SAM system. Surveillance radar detects target and cues
tracking/missile guidance radar which tracks both target and
missile, datalink sends steering commands to missile. AMS
(BAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy
97
Dog Ear
EL/M-2128NG Minder
Fan Song
JY-17
Frequency: 3 to 6 GHz Description: Surveillance and target
acquisition radar for 9k35 Strela 10 SAM system. Dog Ear is
mounted on an MT-Lbu tracked armoured vehicle Range: 80 km
(acquisition), 35 km (tracking) Country: Russia
Description: New generation miniature, high resolution radar
designed to monitor, automatically detect and warn about
intruders and vehicles in a guarded area. Clusters can operate
alone or as part of a network along a fence or on poles for
example, and operated remotely. No moving parts. Range:
1,000 m (pedestrian), 1,500 m (vehicles) IAI Elta Systems
Group, Israel
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (A, B and F versions), 4 to 8 GHz
(C, E versions) Pulse Repetition Frequency: 828-1,440 pps
(search), 1,656-2,880 pps (track) Description: Tracking and
fire control radar associated with V-75 (SA-2 Guideline) SAM.
Trailer-mounted with tilting superstructure, the radar has
two orthogonal antennas(lewis scanners). The E version has
two extra parabolic dishes. Can track six targets simultaneously.
Range: 60-120km (A/B versions), 70-145km (D/E/F versions)
Russia
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable battlefield
radar developed for detection, location and recognition of
targets moving on the ground. This solid-state, tripod-mounted
system can be operated remotely and feaures a high degree of
automation and advanced signal processing techniques.
Antenna is of the flat plate type. East China Research
Institute of Electrical Engineering, China
DR Series
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: DR 621, 622, 641 and 645
are pulse-Doppler radars designed for very low-altitude air
defence against strike aircraft and helicopters. Features include
flat-plate, low-sidelobe antenna and robust ECCM capability.
Range: 20 km Siemens, Germany
EL/M-2129
JY-17A
Frequency: 35 GHz Description: LPI fire control radar for the
RBS23 BAMSE SAM system. Eagle is mounted on the missile
control centre trailer between the two three round launchers
and can be raised to 8 m on a mast to see over obstacles. It can
track two targets at once and can engage helicopters, UAVs and
air-to-surface missiles as well as aircraft. Range: Up to 15 km
Ericsson Microwave Systems AB, Sweden
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Coherent pulse
compression radar for military, paramilitary and security
applications. Automatically detects moving targets, such
as people, vehicles, gliders and helicopters. Also supports
artillery fire correction by locating shell impacts.Integrated into
multi-sensors security systems, as part of Eltass electronic
border security system. Graphical user interface is Windows
2000 based. Range: 8KM (Walking Person), 12KM (Heavy
Vehicle), 24KM (Helicopter), up to 10 km (155mm artillery shell
impact). Range can be increased by adding power, amplifier,
larger antenna. IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel
EDR140
EL/M-2140NG
Flycatcher Mk2
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz. C-130-deployable mobile designation
radar designed for use with towed anti-aircraft weapon systems.
Antenna rotates at 30/60 rpm, signal processor uses MTI &
non-coherent channel, tracks 100 targets simultaneously. ECCM
features include frequency agility, random PRF stagger, digital
pulse compression, dual pulse, dual frequency transmission, low
mean antenna sidelobe level. Antenna is a composite planar
array. Range: 50 km (2m², 80% Pd, 10-6 Pfa) RRS, a joint
venture between Reunert Limited, EADS and Kgorong
Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd, South Africa
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Coherent pulse
compression radar for military, paramilitary and security
applications. Automatically detects moving targets, such as
people, vehicles, gliders and helicopters. Also supports artillery
fire correction by locating shell impacts.Integrated into
multi-sensors security systems, as part of Eltass electronic
border security system. Graphical user interface is Windows
2000 based. Range: 14km (walking people), 25km (helicopters),
60 km (heavy vehicles), up to 15 km (artillery shell impact).
Range can be increased by adding power, amplifier, larger
antenna. IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fire control system for
short range air defence guns and missiles. Features 3D radar
and IR/TV sensor with laser rangefinder. Range: 25 km Thales
Air Defence, Netherlands
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Trailer-mounted fire
control radar associated with S-125 NEVA-M (SA-3 GOA) SAM.
Capable of tracking up to six targets and guiding two missiles
simultaneously at low altitude in heavy clutter. Uses distinctive
45 deg angled trough antennas. Range: 40 to 85 km depending
on target altitude Country: Russia
Gin Sling
Model 378
Description: NATO code name for the target acquisition,
tracking and fire control radar associated with China’s HQ-2J
missile (itself based on the Russian SA-2 Guideline). Features
two trough antennas, one vertical and one horizontal for 3D
target tracking and a pair of dish antennas that are probably
illuminators or command links operating on different
frequencies to guide the semi-active or command-guided
missile, plus a TV camera. All are mounted on a cabin that
revolves on a four-wheeled trailer. China Precision Machinery
Import, Export Corporation, China
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 3,120 to
3,130 pps Description: Modular, portable radar with
tripod-mounted parabolic antenna and transceiver plus separate
processing, control and display, power generation and
conditioning elements. Designed for detection, tracking and
recognition of personnel, vehicles and ships. Range: 20 km
(vehicles), 6 km (people) China Fujian Radio Equipment
Factory, China
Eagle
EDT-FILA
Frequency: 8 to 40 GHz Description: Trailer-mounted fire
control radar designed for use with 35-40 mm anti-aircraft
guns. Features one 8 to 20 and one 20 to 40 GHz radar,
laser rangefinder, IFF, TV camera. Avibras Industria
Aerospacial, Brazil
EL/M-2080 Green Pine
Description: Transportable ground-based, multimode solid state
phased array radar designed to autonomously detect and
simultaneously track ‘dozens’ of tactical ballistic missiles from
long ranges, under all weather and ECM conditions. Modular
active array technology includes multiple advanced transmit /
receive modules, provides high redundancy, graceful
degradation, high reliability and high availability. Part of
the Arrow anti-tactical missile system. IAI Elta Systems
Group, Israel
EL/M-2106NG
Description: Compact mobile coherent pulse-Doppler,
pulse-compression radar for point air defense of deployed
mobile military units, protection of sensitive sites, gap filling in
main AD radar system, and support to surface-to-air weapon
systems, either directly or through a C–3 centre. Offers
automatic detection of airborne targets, track-While-Scan of up
to 60, threat differentiation and classification. IFF is optional.
Weighs less than 150kg including transport boxes. Range: 60km
(instrumented), 40km (large/fighter aircraft), 25 km (hovering
helicopter) Altitude coverage: 0 – 20,000ft IAI Elta Systems
Group, Israel
98
ESR 220
Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Rapid
deployment battlefield local warning radar system. Offers low
altitude target detection. Features include: solid-state bulk
amplifier, fully coherent architecture, high mobility on all-terrain
transporter, full autonomy on single vehicle, air transportability
by standard cargo aircraft, integral command centre within
armoured shelter, comprehensive ECCM suite, integral
generator, combined radar/IFF, and local or remote control and
status monitoring. Range: 65 km (RCS=2m, 80% Pd, 10-6 Pfa)
RRS a joint venture between Reunert Limited, European
Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) and Kgorong
Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd, South Africa
EWACS
Description: Active phased array radar based Early Warning
and Control System provides very long range detection
of tactical ballistic missiles. One radar provides detection,
tracking, high range resolution and SAM battery allocation.
Range: 1,500 km AMS (BAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint
venture), UK/Italy
FARA
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Short-range, one-personportable radar for detection of people and vehicles. Trained
operator can distinguish target types via audio and visual
outputs. Range: 0.8 km (people), 3 km (vehicles) Kintex, Bulgaria
Flap Wheel
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Conical scanning fire
control radar for 57 and 130 mm anti-aircraft guns, upgraded
with LLTV tracker. Country: Russia
GS-11
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Short-range, manportable ground surveillance radar, tripod-mounted. Also known
as PSNR-2, NATO code name is Garpin. Range: 1.5 km (people),
4.5 km (vehicles) Country: Russia
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Radar designed for
detection, location and identification of moving targets on the
ground or water surface and of aircraft at low altitude. It is a
solid-state, coherent pulse-Doppler system that uses pulse
compression and both linear and circular polarisation. Can be
mounted on vehicles or sited independently. Range: 30 km
(ship), 25 km (large armoured vehicle), 20 km (helicopter), 15 km
(small vehicle), 10 km (personnel). East China Research
Institute of Electrical Engineering, China
Low Blow
Model ST-312
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Medium range, vehicle or
tripod mounted radar for use against moving targets on the
ground or at low altitudes. Features a vertical or circular
antenna polarisation, coherent pulse doppler operation with
digital signal processing. Range: 40 km (large vehicle), 35 km
(helicopter), 35 km (small vehicle), 15 km (person) China
National Electronics Import Export Corporation, China
GS-13
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Long-range battlefield
surveillance radar. Range: 12 km (people), 25 km (vehicles)
Country: Russia
IR-3
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable ground
surveillance radar designed to detect moving targets including
personnel and vehicles. Range: 5 km (person), 10 km (vehicle)
Yugoimport SDPR, Yugoslavia, Federal Republic
Falco/RIOC
J/MPQ-7
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Tracking illumination
radar in X-band for semi-active housing missile guidance. AMS
(BAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Motar locating/counter
battery radar with phased array antenna capable of generating
multiple beams. Antenna and receiver/processor appear to
share trailer towed by tracked vehicle incorporating operator
shelter. Toshiba Electric Company, Japan
Monitor
Frequency: 5 to 8 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod
mounted ground surveillance radar designed to detect moving
targets. Control and display via PC. Range: 5 km (person), 8 km
(vehicle), 12 km (helicopter), 20 km (ship) Strela Scientific
Research Insitute, Russia
MPDR 12
Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: High data-rate (60 rpm)
pulse-Doppler radar with good clutter rejection performance.
Used as the search/acquisition radar for the German Gepard
tracked air defence vehicle, it features an integral MSR 400 Mk
XII IFF/secondary radar. Teamed on Gepard with a Siemens
pulse-Doppler tracking and fire control radar. Range: 16 km
(search) 3.5 km (engagement) Siemens, Germany
99
MPDR 16
RB-12
RPK-2 Tobol
SNAR 10
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Pulse-Doppler search and
target acquisition radar associate with Roland SAM system, uses
the same MSR 400 Mk XII IFF/secondary radar device as the
MPDR 12. Range: 16.5 km Siemens, Germany
Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Description: Short-range, portable
surveillance radar.Detects, automatically locates and recognises
pedestrians, vehicles, light aircraft, helicopters, ULMs and UAVs.
The RB 12 fulfils all kind of tactical surveillance missions for
battlefield intelligence, infantry reconnaissance, artillery, border
or sensitive sites surveillance. Range: 3 km (lone person), 21 km
(light vehicle), 28 km (heavy vehicle,tank). Thales Air Defence,
Germany
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar
mounted on ZSU-23-4 Shilka tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft
gun system, NATO code name Gun Dish. Country: Russia
Frequency: 35 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 2,540 to
4,410 pps Description: 2D pulse-Doppler battlefield surveillance
radar system mounted on an MT-LB tracked armoured vehicle.
Capable of tracking targets including shell impacts for artillery
fire control. Range: 26 km Country: Russia
MPG-25
CW target illumination radar cued by ADAR-1. Uses centre-fed
dish antenna to illuminate targets for Tien Kung SAMs. Chung
Shan Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST), Taiwan
RB12B
MSTAR
Frequency: 17GHz Description: Man-portable Surveillance and
Target Acquisition Radar, designed to detect ground based and
low flying moving targets (aircraft, vehicles and infantry).
Powered by a standard Army field battery, provides a reliable
day/night wide area surveillance capability. Full colour map
based display shows dead ground, relief and target track history.
Support for vector, raster and DTED maps including a wide
variety of datum and grid standards. Direct read out of target
position in any supported grid/datum format including military
grid. The 37.5 kg radar can be carried in a vehicle (for example,
Warrior Observation Post Vehicle) or broken down into three
easily man-packed loads. Range: >40 km Thales, UK
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Short-range ground
surveillance radar optimised for detection, classification and
tracking of moving targets on the ground from individuals to
armoured vehicles. Features tripod mounted flat-plate antenna
and receiver/processor and separate laptop-style control and
display unit linked by 25 m cable. Range: 6.4 km (vehicle), 3 km
(person) Thales, France
S9S32
Description: Missile guidance station for S300V SAM (NATO
SA-12A). Phased array radar is mounted on missile battery and
capable of tracking 12 targets simultaneously. Set-up/tear-down
time if 5 minutes by its crew of 6. Range: 10 to 150 km
Measuring Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia
SCB
Description: Man-portable or vehicle mounted surveillance
radar for military and para-military users. AMS (BAE
SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy
Frequency: 9.38 to 9.44 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency:
1,500 pps Description: Man-portable surveillance radar
deployed ashore to protect moored patrol boats of the Royal
Norwegian Navy. Range: 89 km max, 0.47, 1.39 and 2.8 km
range scales. Racal Norge, Norway
Roland
Shahine
Frequency: 1 to 2 and 10 to 20 GHz Pulse Repetition
Frequency: 5,000 pps Description: Surveillance and fire control
radars associated with Roland short-range SAM system.
Surveillance and target acquisition is by the 1 to 2 GHz Siemens
MPDR-16 radar, while target is tracked and missile is guided by
the Thales Domino 3D radar through a command-to-line-of-sight
(CLOS) mechanism. Generally mounted on vehicle turret
between twin missile tubes. Range: 16 km (1 m2 RCS target)
Thales/Siemens, France/Germany
Frequency: 2 to 4 and 12 to 18 GHz Description: Surveillance
and fire control radars associated with Shahine short-range
SAM system. Surveillance and target acquisition is by the 2 to 4
GHz pulse-Doppler MTI radar on one tracked vehicle, while
target is tracked and missile is guided by the monopulseDoppler radar on the missile firing vehicle. Range: 17 km
Altitude coverage: 6,000 m Thales, France
MW-7-JB
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Mobile, trailer-mounted
fire control radar for anti-aircraft artillery. Features centre-fed,
mechanically scanned circular dish antenna on top of control
cabin; IFF interface; frequency agility. Powered by external
generator or towing vehicle. Range: 55 km Huanghe Machine
Building Factory, China
NR-100
Description: Man portable pulse-doppler radar designed to
detect and track moving people and vehicles, providing
targeting information for infantry weapons. Range: 1.5 to 1.8 km
(standing soldier), 3.5 to 4 km (vehicle) Kintex, Bulgaria
PIF 518
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Artillery fire control and
mortar locating/counter battery radar Range: 20 km Bharat
Romb
Frequency: 6 to 8 and 10 to 20 GHz Description: Low altitude
fire control (target tracking and missile command guidance) for
the 9M33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) SAM system. NATO code name for
the radar is Land Roll. Search, tracking and command guidance
antennas are all mounted on a six-wheeled all-terrain armoured
vehicle. Range: 30 km Country: Russia
Rasit
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz. Ground surveillance pulse Doppler radar
designed to detect and classify moving targets on the ground or
at very low altitude. Can be mounted on light utility trucks,
armoured vehicles, shelters or a tripod. Range: 40 km (aircraft,
vehicle), 20 to 30 km (helicopter), 20 km (soldier) Thales, France
RATAC-S
Frequency: 9.5 GHz. Multipurpose radar designed to detect,
locate, classify ground targets or low-flying aircraft at medium
to long-ranges. Can also be used for artillery fire-control and
probably as a counter-battery radar. Range: Light vehicle: 24
km, helicopter: 28 km, main battle tank: 30 km, vehicle convoy:
38 km, 105mm shell: 8 km, 155mm shell: 15 km, soldiers: 18 km
Alcatel SEL/Thales Communications, Germany
100
SJ-202
Description: Medium range, air defence radar associated with
HQ-2 missile, probably passes targets to Gin Sling fire control
radar. Uses large, multiple dipole antenna mounted on a trailer.
Range: 115 km (detection) China Precision Machinery Import,
Export Corporation, China
Skyranger Radar System
TOR
Frequency: 4 to 6 and 20 to 40 GHz Description: 3D target
acquisition and tracking radar associated with the TOR SAM
system (NATO code name SA-15 Gauntlet). 3D pulse-Doppler
electronically beam steered E/F-band surveillance radar
provides range, azimuth, elevation and automatic threat
evaluation data on up to 48 targets for the digital fire control
computer processing system. Automatic track initiation can be
performed on the 10 most dangerous targets. Phased-array
pulse Doppler G/H-band tracking radar is capable of
simultaneously tracking two targets traveling at speeds of up to
700 km/h in all-weather, clutter and ECM. Range: 25 km
Rosvoorouzhenie, Russia
TRD-1211
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Long range 3D surveillance
radar. Planar array antenna forms one cosec square
transmitting beam and 8 stacked pencil beams for reception.
The azimuth scanning is achieved by mechanical rotation of the
antena. The height estimation is achieved using the monopulse
method. TRD-1211 radar consists of three main units and a
mobile power station. They can be transported using any truck
capable of carrying ISO containers. Links into air defence C3I
systems. Range: 350 km Altitude coverage: 40 km
Przemyslowy Instytut Telekomunikacji (Telecommunications
Research Institute), Poland
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Tripod-mounted,
pulse-Doppler ground/coastal surveillance radar capable
of detecting and tracking a variety of moving targets and
cueing infantry weapons. Can be operated remotely and
transmit warnings over radio link. Range: 2 km (person), 4 km
(small vehicle, helicopter, ship) Strela Scientific Research
Insitute, Russia
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Radar element of
Skyranger multi-mission, three-vehicle air/ground defence
system (gun vehicle, missile vehicle and the radar vehicle, all
wheeled). Advanced 3D I-band search and acquisition radar
capable of detecting and tracking small, fast and steep attacking
targets in dense ECM. It generates a three-dimensional aerial
image, classifies detected targets, and carries out a threat
analysis. Assures continuous detection of targets even on the
move. Range: 25 km Oerlikon Contraves AG (a division of
Rheinmetall De-Tec AG), Switzerland
RP-200 Credo-1
Snap Shot
Type 311
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Tripod-mounted,
pulse-Doppler ground/coastal surveillance radar capable of
detecting and tracking a variety of targets including people,
vehicles, ships and helicopters as well as providing fire-control
data for artillery. Range: 15 km (people), 20 km (small vehicle),
25 km (MBT), 30 km (ship) Strela Scientific Research Insitute,
Russia
Description: Early warning and ranging radar associated with
9M37 (NATO SA-13 Gopher) infrared guided SAM. Dish antenna
is mounted between launch boxes on rotating assembly
mounted on a tracked armoured vehicle. Country: Russia
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 2,500 or
833 pps Description: Fire control radar associated with 37 and
57 mm anti aircraft guns. Type 311B features integral IFF system,
311C radar has frequency agility, longer range. Set-up/tear-down
time is approx 15 mins. Range: 30 km (fighter sized target), 40
km (311C on fighter sized target) China National Electronics
Import Export Corporation, China
PSNR-5M Kredo-M
Frequency: 6 to 8 GHz Wavelength: 3 cm. Man-portable, tripod
mounted ground surveillance radar designed to detect moving
targets. Control and display via PC. Country: Russia
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Man-portable battlefield
surveillance radar enabling detection and classification of
moving ground targets up to 24 km. Assists artillery and mortar
firing units by giving feedback on shell impacts. Low peak power
makes the system ‘virtually undetectable’ – even sophisticated
devices will not detect Squire before it has detected them, says
Thales. Range: Single scan at 7deg/sec. Pedestrian: 10 km,
Vehicle: 21 km, Tank: 28 km, Helicopter: 21 km, Boat: 12 km,
Vessel: 48 km Thales Air Defence, Germany
SCB 2130A
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Man portable surveillance
radar with small parabolic antenna plus separate control,
processing and display unit linked by 100 m cable. Set up time
by two people is 10 minutes. Range: 10 km (crawling soldier), 15
km (walking soldier, hovering helicopter), 20 km (moving
helicopter), 30 km (vehicle), 33 km (armoured vehicle) Belgian
Advanced Technology Systems, Belgium
RD 170BT
Squire
RP-100 Fara-1
TRS 2630 Gerfaut
Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Solid-state radar designed
for surveillance, early warning, target acquisition and
designation for short- and very-short-range air defence
systems. Modular system features three types of antenna, three
types of transceiver and two types of processing unit. Range: 14
to 30 km Altitude coverage: 5 km Thales Raytheon Systems,
France/USA
101
Type 313
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Development of Type
311 incorporating TV camera and laser rangefinder, frequency
agility in 313A. Altitude coverage: 35 km Chuanbei Electronic
Industry Co, China
Type 702
Frequency: 4 to 10 GHz Description: Computerised, truck-andtrailer-mounted anti-aircraft fire-control radar and TV camera
system also capable of engaging surface targets. Radar features
frequency agility. Range: 40 km (large vehicle), 35 km
(helicopter), 35 km (small vehicle), 15 km (person) China North
Industries Corp, China
Type 704
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz. Counter-battery radar capable of
tracking artillery rounds, mortar bombs and rockets either to
locate source of hostile fire or correct outgoing fire. Antenna is
of the flat-plate, electronically scanned type and is mounted with
the transceiver on a small flat-bed truck, operators’ controls and
displays are in a second van. Range: 12 to 16 km depending on
size of round China North Industries Corp, China
Naval Fire Control
1802 SW
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Lightweight autonomous
fire control radar for control of both the Seawolf point defence
missile system and naval gunnery. BAE Systems Insyte
3R95 (NATO Cross Swords)
Frequency: 4 to 6 and 20 to 40 GHz Description: Surveillance,
target acquisition and fire control radar for the SAN-9 ‘Gauntlet’
SAM system designed to counter low-altitude attack from
aircraft and sea-skimming missiles. Range: 45 km
Rosoboronexport, Russia
4R60 Grom (NATO Head Light)
Frequency: 4 to 8 and 8 to 12 GHz Description: Family of
missile control radars with a prominent pair of large grid type
dish antennas plus smaller solid dishes and a fifth still smaller
antenna, possibly for a missile command link. All are supported
by a central pillar. Range: 60 km Altitude coverage: 25 km
Type 706 IBIS
Description: Air defence fire control radar designed to counter
low-altitude attacks. Good clutter rejection and ECCM capability
are incorporated. Parabolic reflector antenna is raised to 12 m
on a mast on top of the operating shelter truck. Transceiver
is of the coherent pulse-Doppler type and uses digital signal
processing. Range: 40 km (large vehicle), 35 km (helicopter),
35 km (small vehicle), 15 km (person) Altitude coverage: 50 m
to 4 km China North Industries Corp, China
911(805SW)
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Autonomous tracking
radar for both the conventional and vertical launch Seawolf
short-range point defence missile system, fitted to the Type 22
and 23 Frigates. BAE Systems Insyte
AN/SPG-34
Type 92 (J/MPQ-N1)
Frequency: 8.74 to 8.99 GHz Description: Obsolete 30 kW radar
with dish antenna on 40 mm gun mount, forms part of Mk 63
gunfire control system. Range: Approx 37 km. Country: USA
Description: Mortar locating radar mounted on trailer towed by
truck. Features curved reflector antenna. Japan
AN/SPG-50
UAR 1021
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Pulse-Doppler search and
track radar for Contraves Skyguard air defence system.
Ericsson Microwave Systems AB, Sweden
X-TAR
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fully coherent X-band
radar of the Shorar family optimised for special applications
such as early warning for manpads and guns or for tactical air
defence units dealing with very low altitude threats in an
intense ECM environment. Antenna is of parabolic reflector
type. Range: 28 km Oerlikon Contraves AG (a division of
Rheinmetall De-Tec AG), Switzerland
Frequency: 8.5 to 10 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 2,000
pps Description: Obsolete gunfire control radar, upgrade of AN/
SPG-34 Country: USA
AN/SPG-51
Frequency: 4 to 6 GHz and 8 to 10 GHz Description: Tracking/
illumination radar system for Standard missiles, uses a
pulse-Doppler technique for automatic target acquisition and
tracking, used on several types of US warship and widely
exported. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/SPG-52
Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Description: Gunnery radar associated
with US Mk 70 fire control system Country: USA
AN/SPG-53A/B/D/E/F
Description: 3D search and acquisition radar of X-TAR family
under development. Appears to feature mechanically rotated
flat-plate, phased array antenna. Oerlikon Contraves AG (a
division of Rheinmetall De-Tec AG), Switzerland
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fire control radar built in a
number of variants associated with both gun systems such as
the Mk 68 Mod 19 Gun Fire Control System aboard Charles F
Adams class destroyers and the Tartar missile. Country: USA
Zoopark-1
AN/SPG-60
Frequency: 6 to 8 GHz Description: Counter-battery and ATC
radar system mounted on tracked MT-LB u armoured vehicle.
Tracks incoming artillery, mortars, rockets and missiles. Range:
8 km (105 mm shell), 10 km (155/203 mm shell), 12 km (81 mm
mortar, 122 mm rocket), 15 km (120 mm motar), 20 km (220 mm
rocket), 35 km (TBM) Rosvoorouzhenie, Russia
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Air target acquisition and
tracking radar, a component of the US Mk 86 fire control system
on US Spruance class destroyers. Lockheed Martin Naval
Electronics and Surveillance Systems, USA
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Continuous wave
illuminator controlled by the AN/SPY-1 phased array radar at the
heart of the Aegis air defence system. Illuminates targets for
SM-2 SAMs. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA
AN/SPQ-9B
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Track-while-scan radar
used with the Mk-86 Gunfire Control system. Detects
sea-skimming missiles at the horizon, even in heavy clutter.
Simultaneously detects and tracks surface targets. Also works
with the SPY -1 radar, controlling weapons such as the SM-1/
SM-2 missiles and the Mk 45 5 inch 54 calibre gun. Equipped
ships include US Ticonderoga class cruisers, LHD-1 amphibious
ships, LPD-17 San Antonio class amphibious ships, DD-963
Spruance class destroyers and DDG-51 destroyers. Northrop
Grumman Norden Systems, USA
» The radar-controlled Mk-15 Phalanx Close In Weapon System
(CIWS) engages a practice target. (us navy)
APAR
CEA-Mount Illuminator
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Active Phased Array Radar
providing target detection, tracking and multiple missile control
based on mid-course guidance and terminal homing. CW
generation and illumination is a built-in feature. The 3,424 T/R
elements in each face provide a powerful and redundant system
architecture. The complete APAR multifunction radar consists
of 4 faces covering 360 degrees. Thales Nederland prime
contractor, Netherlands, Germany, Canada
Description: Continuous wave illumination (CWI) transmitter
and command uplink for ship-self defence systems such as
NATO SeaSparrow and next generation Standard Missile.
CEA-Mount is an evolutionary development of CEA’s solid-state
CWI system developed for the Anzac Frigate as a MK73
Transmitter replacement. CEA Technologies Pty Ltd, Australia
Arabel
Description: 3D multifunction radar for anti-missile self-defence
of major vessels. This radar is intended for the French Navy’s
air- defence, anti-missile SAAM system, in particular for the
nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle. Covers 360
deg in azimuth and 90 deg in elevation, provides track
confirmation and initiation over the same antenna revolution,
tracks more than 130 targets and up-link to missiles in flight,
simultaneous engagement of all types of missiles, automatic
adaptation to the threat clutter, ECM.
CEROS 200
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Radar and EO weapon
director designed for general purpose applications against air,
surface, and land targets on board ships from 150 tons and
upwards. A single CEROS 200 Director can control all weapons
to create a three-layer defence: long range engagement with
SAMs of both semi-active and command-to-line-of-sight types;
medium range engagement with guns of any calibre; short
range engagement with close-in weapons. Can engage all types
of air targets, including sea skimmers and high divers. Country:
Sweden
DRBC 32
Castor 2B
X-TAR 3D
102
AN/SPG-62
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Monopulse, moving target
indication radar with integral electro-optical sensor used for
weapon control including gunfire splash spotting. Range: 0.5 to
27 km Thales Air Defence, France
Castor 2C
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Target tracking radar for
gunfire control against air, surface and shore targets. Users
Doppler filtering tracking techniques to track targets in heavy
clutter and ECM. Integrated with electro-optical sensors. Range:
0.5 to 27 km Thales Air Defence, France
Castor 2J/C
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Radar and electro-optical
director for use in weapon fire control on ships of any tonnage.
Designed to counter sea-skimming missiles in very hostile
environments. A monopulse doppler radar, it rejects clutter and
jamming by: pulse compression and a narrow-aperture beam,
velocity discrimination using velocity filters, clutter
decorrelation through frequency agility, random- frequency
agility in single pulses and bursts, wide frequency band, fully
passive tracking capability. Range: 0.7 to 30 km Thales Air
Defence, France
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Gunfire control radars
associated with 57 and 100 mm naval guns Range: 15 km
against 0.1 m2 RCS target. Thales Air Defence, France
DRBC 33
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Target tracking and
gunfire control radar for 57, 76 and 100 mm guns. Controls the
100 mm guns on French Navy Cassard, Georges Leygues and
Suffren class destroyers. Uses fully coherent monopulse
tracking techniques. Thales Air Defence, France
EMPAR SHIPBORNE MULTIFUNCTION RADAR
EMPAR (European Multifunction Phased Array Radar) is the
state-of-the-art multifunction radar. It operates at C-band,
performing concurrently 3D detection, multiple target tracking
and missile guidance. To be fitted on board medium and large
tonnage vessels, playing the role of main ship sensor, It may be
integrated within both Combat and Missile systems supporting:
Self Defence, Local Area Defence, Medium Range Defence, Long
Range Defence and detecting High Diving and Sea Skimming
Missiles, Aircraft and Helicopters, Large Vessels and Fast Patrol
Boats. EMPAR is a rotating phased array antenna radar which
uses single pencil beam in transmission and multiple beams in
reception. Each beam can be steered, within a wide angular
sector, along any bearing and elevation direction with respect to
103
RADAR » Naval fire control
the antenna broadside resulting in whole hemisphere coverage. It
adapts its operation mode, selecting in real time: Transmitted
Frequency, Waveforms, Signal and Data Processing. Its
Multifunction Capabilities are: Full volumetric search coverage,
Low Altitude and Surface search, Multiple Target Tracking, Up-link
transmission for missile guidance. SELEX Sistemi Integrati
Naval fire control « RADAR
Mk 23
MR-123 Vympel
Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: 2D target acquisition radar
assocated with Sea Sparrow missile, forms an element of the Mk
91 missile fire control system. Range: 37 km against 1 m2 RCS
target Northrop Grumman Norden Systems, USA
Description: Fire control radar associated with AK-630M gatling
gun based CIWS Rosoboronexport, Russia
Mk 25
Eye Bowl
Frequency: 3 to 4 GHz Description: Tracking and command
guidance radar for the SS-N-14 torpedo dropping missile. Range:
56 km Rosoboronexport, Russia
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fire control radar designed
as part of US Mk 37 GFCS and still in service with export
customers. Western Electric, USA
Mk 35
Front Dome
Frequency: 6 to 10 GHz Description: Target illumination radar
for SAN-7 and SAN-17 SAMs Rosoboronexport, Russia
Frequency: 10 GHz Description: Radar associated with US Mk
56 gunfire control system for the 3 inch 50 calibre anti-aircraft
gun. Range: Approx 15 miles Country: USA
Front Door
Mk 91
Frequency: 3 to 4 GHz Description: Mid-course guidance radar
for SSN-12 ‘Sandbox’ anti-ship missile. Rosoboronexport, Russia
illumination radar for semi-active Sea Sparrow SAM system
Raytheon Electronic Systems, Terma Elektronik, NEA
Lindberg, Bronswerk Amersfoort, Kongsberg Gruppen, US,
Denmark, Netherlands, Norway
Hawk Screech
Description: Gunfire control radars associated with 45, 57 and
76 mm guns. Rosoboronexport, Russia
Mk 92 Mod 1/Mod2/Mod5/Mod6
Herakles
Description: Multifunction 3D surveillance and fire control
radar for self- defence, extended self- defence and the
establishment of the medium- to long- range situation of
vessels. Herakles is designed to equip frigates as the sole radar
on board and can cue or guide all types of active or semiactive
homing missiles. Establishment of the 3D air, jamming and
surface situation, missile detection (SSM and ARM) and weapon
deployment (missiles and guns) are performed concurrently.
Selected for the FREMM program. Thales Naval, France, Italy
Description: US Navy version of the Signaal M20 series FCS and
is widely deployed on board FFG 7 Oliver Hazard Perry class
frigates to provide targeting data to Mk 75 naval gun and the Mk
13 guided missile launching system. United Defense, USA
Mk 95
Description: Fire control radar for the Sea Sparrow missiles, a
part of the Mk.91 missile fire control system on USN Spruance
class destroyers. Country: USA
MPZ-301 Baza (NATO ‘Pop Group’)
Hot Flash
Description: Gun and missile control radar for the Kashtan
Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) with two GSh-30K six-barrel
gatling guns and and two SA-N-11 SAM clusters. Features a pair
of paraboloid antennas, one for target tracking, the other for
missile guidance. The command module ensures IFF procedures,
target acquisition and designation, and data generation for gun/
missile fire. The combat module comprises a gun/missile mount,
a radar and optical control systems, a computing system, and
power supply system. Country: Russia
Frequency: 4 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar for
SA-N-4 SAM system. Rosoboronexport, Russia
MR-103 Bars
Frequency: 6 to 8 GHz Description: Gun control radar for
corvettes, fast attack craft and patrol vessels Rosoboronexport,
Russia
MR-104 Rys (NATO Drum Tilt)
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Gun control radar for 30
mm AK230 gatling gun CIWS Rosoboronexport, Russia
LIROD Mk2
Frequency: 18 to 27 GHz Wavelength: 8 mm Description: Small,
smart gun-control radar and optronic director that uses
millimetre waveband and an elliptical beam for extremely
accurate tracking, especially at low elevations. LIROD’s
capabilities include full TV tracking, as well as support facilities
such as PAC/MDI. Stealthy shape and low weight suit the LIROD
Mk2 for small ships. Thales Naval, Netherlands
LR62
Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Description: Gunfire control (splash
spotting) radar associated with 130 and 150 mm naval guns.
Range: Up to 60 km China National Electronics Import and
Export Corporation, China
104
MR-105 Turel
Frequency: 6 to 10 GHz Description: Fire control radar for
AK-726 twin dual purpose 76 mm gun mount aboard Russian
warships such as Kara class guided missile cruiser.
MR-114 Lev
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Gun fire control radar
(NATO code name Kite Screech) for AK 100 mm naval guns.
Range: 40 km Rosoboronexport, Russia
MR-145 Drakon
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Gun fire control radar
(NATO code name Kite Screech) for AK 100 mm naval guns.
Pedestal mounted dish antenna has prominent feed
arrangements, possibly cassegrain. ECM resistance enhanced by
sharing control of gun mount with optical sight, high immunity
to active and passive jamming, two radar wave bands, laser
range finder and automatic TV tracking unit. Range: 40 km
MR-184
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Two-band target tracking
radar, TV tracker, moving target selection, antijamming
equipment, and control devices for the AK-130 dual 130 mm
naval gun mount Rosoboronexport, Russia
MR-352 Positive E
Description: Target acquisition and fire control radar for anti-air
and anti-surface missile systems. NATO code name Cross Dome.
Mounted atop helicopter hangar on Neustrashimy class frigates.
MR66
Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Missile defence radar
designed to detect and track incoming sea skimmers and hand
them off to point defence weapon systems. Range: 10 km China
National Electronics Import and Export Corporation, China
NA-18L/B ELECTRO-OPTICAL FIRE CONTROL
SYSTEM
An Electro-Optical (EO) Fire Control System suitable as a main
Fire Control System on board medium and small size vessels, as
well as secondary Fire Control System for larger vessels fitted
with Radar Fire Control Systems. It is one of the most modern
EO systems, with a new concept of Director, lighter, allowing a
total of 360° training and elevation excursion, due to its
spherical shape. NA-18L/B EO FCS can be fitted with up to four
sensors: B/W TV, Laser, IR; an optional colour TV can be added.
The sensors carry out the acquisition and tracking functions
under the control by the FCS processor and by its console. It
may be connected to the Ship Search or Navigation Radar for
simultaneous presentation of radar video for surveillance
purposes and self designation capability. The System drives up
to three guns against the target under tracking and can be
provided with a dedicated twin-monitor multifunctional console
or controlled by any console of the Combat Management
System. SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy
NA25X RADAR AND OPTRONIC FIRE
CONTROL SYSTEM
same target. A third sensor (Laser Range Finder) can be added
to provide a complete EO tracker. NA25X can be provided with a
dedicated twin-monitor multifunctional console or controlled by
any Combat Management System console. Through an internal
additional function the NA25X system can be integrated inside
an Artillery System (including at least 2 FCSs) in order to
optimise the use of all onboard guns against multiple concurrent
targets (missiles, air and surface targets). SELEX Sistemi
Integrati, Italy
NA30S RADAR AND OPTRONIC FIRE CONTROL
SYSTEM
An advanced modular weapon control system designed to
control surface-to-air missile system and guns (up to three gun
outputs) in a sophisticated threat environment and in
coordinated fire reaction mode. It is a modern Fire Control
System (FCS) provided with a tracking radar, a I-band fully
coherent equipment which is characterised by anti-nodding,
ECCM and anti-clutter features together with high tracking
accuracy. A set of two EO sensors (TV camera, IR camera) can
be mounted on the radar director to enable firing assessment
and to provide an alternative line-of-sight on the same target. A
third sensor (Laser Range Finder) can be mounted to provide a
complete EO tracker. NA30S can be provided with a dedicated
twin-monitor multifunctional console or controlled by any
Combat Management System console. Through an internal
additional function the NA30S system can be integrated inside
an Artillery System (including at least 2 FCSs) in order to
optimise the use of all onboard guns against multiple
concurrent targets (missiles, air and surface targets). SELEX
Sistemi Integrati, Italy
RAN-30X SHIPBORNE MULTIMODE RADAR
A state-of-the-art 2D Air/Surface Surveillance radar in X-band. It
is suitable for small and medium ships with different operational
mission roles. It is available in two different versions to be
effective against surface targets as small ships, snorkels, low
flying targets (Anti-Surface Warfare) and against high diving air
targets (Anti-Air Warfare). Detection and tracking capabilities,
together with the fast antenna rotation, ensure short reaction
time and quick target designation either directly to weapon
systems or to the Fire Control Systems. As a main onboard
sensor, it also offers long-range detection capability thanks to its
OTH (Over-the-Horizon) surveillance mode to assist the
compilation of the tactical picture. RAN-30X plays four different
roles: Air/Surface Surveillance, Navigation Support and Heli
control, Over the Horizon, Anti-sea-skimmer missiles. Each mode
has been designed with a proper set of transmitting waveforms.
The Antenna is mechanically stabilized in roll and pitch. The
reflector antenna performs two different beams and two
polarization (linear and circular) used to cope with the different
applications. Fixed and adaptive MTI/MTD filters allow to update
the clutter maps and optimising its performances against the
worst environmental conditions. SELEX Sistemi Integrati
A radar and EO Fire Control System (FCS), able of controlling
medium calibre guns in the anti-aircraft and anti-surface roles as
well as small calibre guns in the CIWS role. Up to three guns of
different calibres can be controlled at the same time. It is a
modern Fire Control System, provided with a tracking radar, a
J-band fully coherent equipment which is characterised by
anti-nodding, ECCM and anti-clutter features together with high
tracking accuracy. A set of two EO sensors (TV camera, IR
camera) can be fitted on the radar director to enable firing
assessment and to provide an alternative line-of-sight of the
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RADAR » Naval fire control
RAN-40L SHIPBORNE LONG RANGE RADAR
STIR 180/240/HP
A 3D Long Range Early Warning Radar with fully solid state
active phased array antenna.The radar design has been
intensively proven on the land based 3D RAT-31DL (Long Range
Surveillance Radar provided worldwide to the NATO Countries
and Foreign customers). RAN-40L ensures detection of aircraft
up to 400km and a minimum range of 180m. Radar instrumental
range is divided into sections in which different waveforms are
used: Short Range (SR) waveform for sea, land and weather
clutter suppression and Long Range (LR) waveform to optimise
performance in terms of coverage and ECCM capability. Radar
coverage is obtained by phase-scanning in elevation, while
mechanically rotating in azimuth. The antenna rotates at 6 or 12
rpm providing 360° azimuth coverage. Two independent and
simultaneous pencil beams are used in transmission and in
reception. High elevation accuracy is guaranteed by monopulse
techniques. Very low antenna side lobe prevents interference
outside main lobe. Fixed and adaptive MTI/MTD filters allow to
update the clutter maps, optimising its performances against
the worst environmental conditions. The Tracker Unit can
manage more than 500 real 3D tracks with the assistance
during the plots generation process of a sophisticated false
alarm control function. SELEX Sistemi Integrati
Description: Medium-to-long range tracking and illumination
radar system designed primarily to control point and area
defence missile systems such as NATO Seasparrow, ESSM and
Standard Missiles (SM1 and SM2), direct control of guns. The
STIR 180 with both I- and K-band facilities provides excellent
low-level target tracking for missile and gun control. All STIR
configurations have optional TV/IR tracking capabilities. Thales
Naval, Netherlands
SEAPAR
Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Smaller, lighter version of
APAR, using identical technology and system architecture.
SEAPAR is specifically designed to match the capabilities of the
NATO Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM). Can be used on
board smaller vessels where the four fixed antenna faces may
be fully integrated into the ship’s superstructure. Thales Naval
ST1802
Frequency: 8.9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Monopulse tracking
radar for with MTI capability, TWT replaces magnetron as RF
source. Marconi, UK
ST802
Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Monopulse tracking radar
for direction of guns up to medium calibre and missiles.
Marconi/Ericsson, UK
Airborne
Airborne systems
systems
TMX/EO
ground
ground systems
systems
Frequency: 8.6 to 9.5 GHz Description: Three-axis tracking
module equipped with X-band radar and TV camera, infrared
camera, and laser rangefinder, for precision measurements of
aerial, naval, and land- based targets for guns and missiles in
the Seaguard family of ship defence systems. CW signal in-beam
injection for target illumination is optional. Range: 0.3 to 80 km
Oerlikon Contraves, a division of Rheinmetal DeTec,
Switzerland
naval
naval systems
systems
Radar
Radar systems
systems
Test
Test systems
systems
Top Dome
associated with the SAN-6 SAM system. Radar tracks both
target and missile and sends course corrections via command
link. Can engage several targets simultaneously.
guide
guide to
to suppliers
suppliers
product
product guide
guide
TRS 3220 Pollux
electronic
electronic warfare
warfare
gunfire control radar usually used with Triton surveillance and
target designation radar in Vega fire control systems.
Electro-optical sensor is mounted alongside cassegrain dish
antenna. Range: 30 km Thales Air Defence, France
Type 88C
Description: Surveillance and target indication radar integrated
with an electro-optical sensor and fitted to Houjian class fast
attack craft. Optimised for detection of low altitude and
sea-skimming targets. China North Industries Corporation,
China
Events
Events diary
diary 2008
2008
EQUIPMENT
TEST SYSTEMS
Type 903/904
STING EO
Description: Medium-range, lightweight dual band (I and K)
weapon control system, primarily for gun control. It combines a
1.2 m radar director with TV, IR and laser sensors allowing
optronic tracking and an automatic ‘best sensor’ selection
process. The three data sources provide high redundancy,
performance and ECCM resistance. A shell measuring feature is
incorporated to support facilities such as Pre-Action Calibration
(PAC) and Miss Distance Indication (MDI). Thales Naval,
Netherlands
STIR
Description: Separate Target Illumination Radar associated with
the Mk 92 fire control system aboard US FFG-7 Oliver Hazard
Perry class frigates. The MK 92 has a track-while-scan radar
uses the Combined Antenna System (CAS) with search and track
antennas in a single radome. The STIR provides a large antenna
to illuminate targets beyond CAS range for SM-2 Standard
missiles. United Defense, USA
106
associated with obsolete Sea Cat SAM system Plessey, UK
Type 909
illumination radar for the semi-active homing GWS-30 Sea Dart
area air defence SAM system fitted to UK and Agentine Type 42
anti-air warfare destroyers and UK Invincible class VSTOL
aircraft carriers. Features a secondary anti-surface capability.
Main cassegrain dish antenna, small IFF dome and what could
be a command uplink antenna are normally protected by a
prominent dome. Two are fitted to the ships, one before and one
after the bulk of the superstructure. Range: Approx 55 km BAE
Systems Insyte
This section includes brief descriptions of equipment used to test EW
systems on the flight line, in maintenance facilities and laboratories.
Some products also have simulation and training capabilities.
Systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric
designation.
WM20 series
Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Family of gun and missile
fire control radars with distinctive spherical radome, widely
exported and fitted to frigates, patrol vessels and fast attack
craft. Thales Naval, Netherlands
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TEST EQUIPMENT
Advanced Multiple Environment
Simulator (AMES II)
A modular EW threat simulator system capable of expansion
and customisation. Developed over a period of 10 years, the
design satisfies the multiple requirements of the EW
community’s criteria for test and evaluation. A dynamic and
static RF threat simulator, AMES II can generate a radar threat
environment of over 2,000 complex emitters. It also has
considerable multispectral capability, with ‘hooks’ provided for
interfacing to infrared (IR) and electro-optic (EO) subsystem
simulators. The system is controlled by a host DEC/Alpha
computer that runs software written in Ada within a Windows
environment. A graphical user interface (GUI) serves as the
main operator interface used to create and generate scenarios
(dynamic or static) or emitters. It can also operate as a slave
device to an external simulation computer in real time.
Features: Realistic simulation of sophisticated high-density
radar signal environments. Up to 2,048 independent complex
emitters can be software programmed. Modern PD/CW threat
radars simulated. Frequency Coverage: 10 MHz to 96.0 GHz
in selected bands. Supports up to 64 RF sources. 3D scan
computed for each pulse. Priority strategy is programmable.
3D amplitude or phase AOA simulation computed on each
pulse. C3 emitters controlled. Databases: EWIR, KILTING, DMA
Maps. Simulated propagation effects include: beacon range,
multipath, ducting, and polarization effects. Closed loop
receiver/jammer operation. Constructs dynamic and static
scenarios in English. Controls and colour displays are
interactive. Three-dimensional dynamic scenarios include
frame freeze/playback. Simulated RWR display. 500 fully
programmable receiver platforms. Simulates aircraft antenna
and cable loss. Threat movement is fully programmable.
Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems
AN/ALM-290 Improved Flight Line Payload
Simulator (IFLIPS)
Manufactured by NSWC Crane for use on aircraft configured
with Navy-style round, six inch expendable countermeasures.
IFLIPS performs release and control checks and ALE-47 CMDS
troubleshooting, continuous stray voltage testing. It detects
single, dual, triple, quad and jettison fires. Battery life exceeds
30 hours on six D-size alkaline cells. Displays: BIT/stray voltage
results-pass/fail; valid fire count-total valid fire pulses; valid
fire list -dispenser pin numbers w/valid fires; invalid fire list
-dispenser pin numbers w/invalid fires; no fire list; dispenser
pin numbers w/no fires. Payload simulator mechanical data;
designed to Mil-PRF-28800 (flight line qualified). Dimensions:
9.20” w x 7.68” l x 8.13” h. Weight: 10 lbs; interfaces with D-66
and D-67 dispenser housings. Symetrics Industries
AN/ALM-295 Countermeasure Dispenser
Test Set
Built to test the AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispensing
system, the AN/ALM-295 is composed of two ruggedized CDTS
in a single, weather-resistant carrying case that can be carried
by one person. Modes of operation include: built-in test,
jettison, misfire detection and correction, fire test, and stray
voltage. The AN/ALM-295 is functionally equivalent to the
existing ALM-288 tester but with added enhanced features. The
ethernet port will allow for future enhancements, such as being
able to download all test results or to slave testers to verify a
particular mission data file profile prior to flight. By using newer,
lower power electronics, greater running life can be achieved,
and data from multiple tests can be stored and later
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TEST EQUIPMENT
downloaded for analysis and archiving. Program upgrades are
performed using a laptop computer. Each CDT consists of a
weather-resistant chassis, a multi-line, backlit alphanumeric
LCD display, control switches, internal electronics and sensor
contacts, and carrying handles. The unit is battery powered
and totally self-contained. The Symetrics Countermeasures
Dispenser Tester (CDT) part number 403200 performs flight
line safety and functional checks of the AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispenser systems. The CDT is installed into a
dispenser and will automatically perform tests and display
the test results. Symetrics Industries
AN/PLM-4 Radar Signal Simulator (RSS)
The EDO TSO RSS is a portable, self-contained, lightweight,
flexible, and cost-effective radar simulator that tests radar
warning receivers (RWR). The RSS is designed to test aircraft
and helicopter RWR detection and identification capabilities
against the latest hostile threats. The RSS was originally
designed for flight line or end of runway testing. The AN/PLM-4
can be adapted to perform a variety of different tasks. EDO TSO
customers are already adapting the system to be used for
laboratory, shipboard, and vehicle testing. The US Air Force
(USAF) selected the RSS AN/PLM-4 to replace the aging AN/
APM-427. EDO TSO has several new RSS operational
configurations and more on the drawing board. These
configurations include the AN/PLM-4 End-to-End Test
System (ETETS) that performs automated performance
evaluation of Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) and RWR
sytems. The ETETS is comprised of the RSS AN/PLM-4, a
rugged laptop computer with EDO TSO developed wizard driven
test software, and a Radio Frequency Measurement Device
(RFMD). The wizard driven test program enables depot level or
similar electronic warfare (EW) engineers to design custom test
applications for a system-under-test (SUT). The new test
applications can then be delivered to the appropriate field
locations and loaded into an ETETS laptop. EDO Corporation
(now part of ITT)
AN/USM-464 Countermeasures Test Set
Downsized SRMU
The AN/USM-464 Downsized Subsystem Reliability
Maintainability Upgrade (SRMU) provides the capabilities of
the current AN/USM-464 Countermeasures Test Set (CTS) in a
smaller package (two-person lift, one-person portable) rugged
enough for the flight line. Using enhanced commercial
instrumentation software, the user sees real time test results.
It can emulate threat signals with the onboard MARS function
generator and is provided with the control and information for
on the spot diagnostic analysis. GUI soft panels provide control
of each subsystem. Modular mechanical design and an open
architecture instrumentation platform allow it to be configured
for the needs of the on a wide variety of aircraft. Five RF output
ports, five RF input ports and five available VME growth slots
provide maximum test flexibility as new avionics/weapons
systems are deployed. BAE Systems
AN/USM-670 Joint Service Electronic
Combat Systems Tester (JSECST)
The JSECST is a platform-independent EW system and cable
tester whose core hardware and software require no
modifications to support multiple platforms, says AAI. It
‘has been designated by the Defense Department as the first
organizational level Automatic Test System Family Tester – the
standard flight line electronic warfare test system supporting
all branches of the US military’. A digital synthesizer enables
realistic emitter simulations and multiple-threat scenario
environments. The highly flexible and fully programmable
measurement subsystem includes an RF receiver front end, a
high-speed digitiser, and digital signal processing techniques
to measure and analyse system under-test performance
data. The core test set consists of electronics assembly and
accessory case, easily carried by two technicians. Carrier deck
operable, it covers the frequency range from 10 MHz – 18.5 GHz,
expandable to millimetre wave frequencies. AAI Corporation
(now part of Textron)
ATIRCM Mallina
A ruggedized version of the Super MEOS system. Developed as
a training aid, It comprises the UV Mallina and a further
improved IR beacon unit. The IR Beacon unit comprises some
216 individual wide-band, mid-IR transmitters offering nearly
twice the power of the original IR beacon in Super MEOS. Each
IR transmitter can be controlled to provide spatial signatures
with increased temporal dynamic range. ESL Defence (a
division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)
» A Missim handset from Swiss manufacturer Ruag. The system
can test all types of DAS sensor on the flight line.
Controls and Displays (C&D) Simulator
EDO TSO’s C&D Simulator is designed to simulate the
system-under-test (SUT) controls and displays. It works in
real-time displaying true data and controlling the SUT or it can
operate in a post-test environment using recorded data. It can
also act as a backup to the actual SUT controls and displays.
EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)
Automated Test Equipment
Countermeasures Dispenser Tester
Starting from requirements analysis, MiKES designs/develops
various automated support/test systems utilizing GPIB, VXI, PXI
and LXI basis, or other as may be required. The systems are
used for; engineering test equipment for system verification/
validation tests, automated production test equipment for
acceptance testing, environmental stress screening and
qualification test equipment, field test equipment, and
intermediate/depot level maintenance and fault isolation
equipment. Examples of current test systems are I-Level ESM
automatic test equipment (ATS), LRU/SRU Production and
maintenance test station, chaff/flare dispenser test station,
chaff/flare dispenser O-level tester, Analysis processor and
display test station, environmental stress screening (ESS) test
station, and radar signal simulator (RSS). MiKES, Microwave
Electronic Systems, Inc
The CDT is a self-contained, battery powered flight line tester. It
improves aircraft readiness in performing fast and reliable flight
line safety and functional checks of countermeasures dispenser
systems. Compatible with the ALE-47, ALE-45 and ALE-40, and
variants of these systems. It replaces the US Air Force AN/
ALM-176 Stray Voltage Test Set, the AN/ALM-177 Dispenser Test
Set and the Flight Line Payload Simulator. BAE Systems Rokar
Combat Electromagnetic Environment
Simulator (CEESIM)
Electronic Countermeasure Target
Simulators (ECM/TS)
CEESIM provides high-fidelity, static and dynamic real-time
RF signal stimulus for a variety of hardware-in-the-loop,
stand-alone, and man-in-the-loop applications. Available system
outputs include digital, video, IF, RF-injection, and RF-radiation.
A scalable configuration supports up to 8,192 simultaneous
threat signals, and from 1 to over 100 ports per frequency
used. The CEESIM family of simulators sets the world standard
in RF simulation for use in development, test and evaluation
(T&E), maintenance, and training support of airborne,
land-based, shipboard, and space-based electronic warfare
(EW) sensors, electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems, and
electronic support measure (ESM) systems. Northrop Grumman
Amherst Systems
Utilizing ultra-wideband DRFM, fast set-on frequency, and
accurate Doppler generation to provide the ultimate in coherent
technique generation. The family of simulation products
includes a versatile, high performance, Electronic
Countermeasure and Target Simulator (ECM/TS) system. The
heart of this system consists of ultra-wide-band and spectrally
clean multi-bit digital RF memories (DRFMs) that are based on
industry standard VME bus architecture. The ECM/TS system
can be configured to utilize from 1 to all 12 bits. These DRFMs
are ideal for target return generation, as well as the simulation
of coherent jammers of various fidelities. With optional ECM
technique generation software, the system can provide a
complete system for laboratory, anechoic chamber, or
free-space radar and seeker testing requirements. Kor
Electronics
Digital Threat Simulator (DTS)
Simulates RF emitter/threat by generating digital words that
describe the emitter/threat. The DTS bypasses the normal
receiver processing that generates the emitter/threat digital
description words and enables the testing without injecting or
radiating RF signals into the system being tested. EDO
Corporation (now part of ITT)
109
TEST EQUIPMENT
Electronic Warfare (EW) and Avionic
Systems Mobile/Transportable Test
Lines (TTL)
EDO’s transportable test lines are fully self-contained
laboratories on wheels. They house electronic warfare/avionics
system racks, the system-under-test (SUT), test equipment,
computers, cabling, an electrical generator, an environmental
control system, oil and air cooling systems, plus antenna masts
for receive and transmit capability. Equipment can be easily
removed and installed in permanent laboratory facilities.
Transportable test lines are designed for mobility and can be
used at remote EW test ranges, main operating bases, and
contractor facilities. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)
Electronic Warfare Simulators (EW SIM)
Applications utilizing EW simulators can be separated into the
three major categories: test and evaluation, library
programming/reprogramming and training. EW simulators are
used for the test and evaluation, and validation and verification
of electronic warfare systems. By simulating the electronic
signal environment and stimulating these EW systems in a
programmable and repeatable scenario, accurate testing of
system performance and the validation and verification of
software libraries are achieved. With the addition of instructor
and student stations, highly realistic training on actual systems
is realized. KOR Electronics’ Basic Electronic Environment
Simulator (BEES) provides a COTS-based solution for EW
testing. High fidelity signal environments are created through
an easy to use man-machine interface for accurate testing. The
Waveform Modulation Generator (WMG) may be operated
alone or in conjunction with other EW simulation assets. The
WMG specializes in the generation of very high fidelity signals
with advanced modulations for application with today’s most
sophisticated receivers. By employing DRFM technologies, the
WMG offers the added capability to record and replay these very
high fidelity waveforms and arbitrary waveform construction
capabilities. Kor Electronics
Enhanced Automated Special Test
Equipment (EASTE) AN/ALM-280
A ruggedized, fully programmable mobile radar/electronic
warfare test system designed to accomplish performance
verification of a wide variety of R/EW systems. The test cart
hardware and software design makes it flexible and extensible.
The EASTE is a tool for developmental testing of new or
upgraded radar or EW systems. The USAF’s EASTE carts are
currently used to support testing and maintenance on the B-1A
and B-2A bombers. In addition, the AN/ALM-280 has a tested
configuration for supporting the B-52 bomber. The remote
terminal keyboard/display with its user-friendly display prompts
enables a single technician to control test activity and analyse
results remotely, even from inside the aircraft crew
compartment. The EASTE operates in automatic, semiautomatic, or manual modes to provide the different
configurations needed to test, perform fault isolation, and assist
in the maintenance of the system-under-test. EDO Corporation
(now part of ITT)
Excalibur Lab Test and Evaluation EW
Simulators
DRS produces laboratory test and evaluation simulator systems
based on the company’s Excalibur radar threat simulator
products and ancillaries integrated to provide direct coupled
systems that are capable of validating emitter libraries,
functionality and performance of ESM receivers and RWRs. For
receiver test and development applications, DRS’s coupled RF
systems provide a realistic simulation of the EW environment.
Coupled RF simulators provide hard-line RF injection into the
system-under-test. A RF environment of hundreds of complex
emitters can be simulated. Modularity enables users to build
simulators ranging in size from man-portable systems to large,
rack-mounted systems. DRS’s ThreatBuilder software is used to
script emitters, platforms, receiver definitions and scenarios,
both 2D and 3D. DRS Technologies
Excalibur Naval Range EW Simulators
End-to-End (ETE) Electronic Warfare
Test System
Advanced electronic warfare/electronic combat test system. It
provides extensive system level test capability by combining
accurate RF stimulus and advanced RF measurement
techniques with automated diagnostic routines tailored
specifically for the system-under-test. To this end, it uses
modular electronic units that are designed for stand-alone
operation but may be combined via an Ethernet for full EW/EC
system checkout and diagnostics. The system features options
for a high power, free space module and intermediate-level
interface test adapters for LRU checkout at deployed locations.
ETE features automatic, semi-automatic and manual operating
modes with Ethernet control. It can be operated remotely from
up to 1,000 feet away and monitors and records test results.
Other capabilities include multiplexed emitter outputs and
complex emitter generation. Ninety percent VXI/VME COTS
design, militarized construction, all-weather ruggedness and a
removable hard drive all feature, as does a MIL-STD-1553B
interface. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)
110
DRS produces naval range simulator systems based on its
Excalibur threat simulator product and ancillary systems
integrated together to provide free space radiating systems for
ESM receiver emitter library validation, bearing accuracy
checking and radar range calibration. These range simulators
can be packaged to operate from existing shore facilities or can
be fully contained in a mobile ISO shelter to support operations
from a temporary site. DRS Technologies
WE DON’T GAMBLE
ON EW TESTING.
NEITHER WILL YOU.
That’s because you’re holding the
winning hand when your EW and
avionic systems are confidence
checked by any of AAI’s advanced
test technologies. We deliver it all:
END-TO-END TESTERS for aircraft in
maintenance hangars and depots.
PRE-FLIGHT TESTERS for flight lines
and flight decks.
LABORATORY TESTERS for OEM
labs and back shop applications.
LABORATORY TESTERS
Lab JSECST, MEON,
Baringa, and Hydra are
fully programmable stimulus
and measurement systems
that support EW
testability in the
OEM lab or the
maintenance depot.
TRAINING RANGE SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT for full flight EW
envelope verifications.
For more information or to
receive an authentic deck of
AAI playing cards, e-mail us
at [email protected] or
phone 1-800-655-2616.
Expendable Countermeasures
(EXCM) Simulator
The EDO TSO EXCM Simulator enables the integrated testing of
expendable countermeasure systems (ie, chaff, flares) and other
aircraft avionics systems. The EXCM Simulator is controlled via
a touch-screen display and a special application, developed by
EDO TSO to simulate the loading and unloading of expendable
countermeasures. The EXCM integrated testing ensures that
aircraft avionics and the EXCM systems do not interfere with
each other. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)
Innovation That Works is a registered trademark of AAI Corporation.
aaicorp.com
TEST EQUIPMENT
Portable – Precise – Fast
FSU67 spectrum analyzer
IR Mallina
The R&S FSU67 extends the upper frequency limit in spectrum
analysis from 50 GHz to 67 GHz. This eliminates the need for
external harmonic mixers. Featuring a continuous frequency
range starting from 20 Hz, the R&S FSU67 also performs
harmonics measurements in one go without requiring any
modifications to the test setup. Other characteristics are high
measurement accuracy without unwanted products, and
excellent RF performance – features that will be appreciated by
developers and manufacturers of microwave components, shorthaul microwave links in the range of 52 GHz or 58 GHz as well
as aerospace and defense applications. Rohde & Schwarz
A long-range stimulator for pilot training and doctrine and
tactics analysis for IR MWS systems. IR Mallina is capable of
providing one-colour or two-colour IR stimulation and is thus,
compatible with AAR-44, AAR-58, PAWS, and PAWS II IR MWS.
It is modular in design such that additional channels can be
added to increase the maximum power. It is manufactured as
ruggedized Mil-specification equipment and is modular in design
for compatibility with UV Mallina and other DIRCM Mallina units.
ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)
Functional and Stray-voltage Tester
The FAST is a hand-held armament pre-flight tester that
functions as a flight line tester. It is used to perform ‘O’ Level
armament system functional and stray voltage tests prior to
armament loading to the aircraft. It improves the accuracy and
quality of testing and provides additional capabilities for ‘I’ Level
testing and analysis. BAE Systems Rokar
Hydra
Developed as a confidence flight line test set and Systems
Integration Laboratory (SIL) tool for stimulating Laser Warning
Receiver (LWR) threats, Hydra is compatible with VVR-1,
VVR-2A, LWS-200/300/400, and Series 1220/1223. It is
man-portable, battery-powered and is manufactured as
ruggedized MIL-specification equipment. It can be provided with
software tools for threat re-programming and full remote
operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part
of Textron)
ICST
CI Systems’ Infrared Countermeasures Sensor Tester (ICST)
simulates a realistic, dynamic scenario for sensor testing at the
lab and depot level. In the scenario, the ICST controls the
target’s position relative to the sensor, the temperature of the
IR source and the sensor’s rotational position. It is a modular
test system that may be modified according to customer
requirements. The system consists of three major components:
the sensor motion assembly, the target motion assembly and a
controlled IR source. The optimum distance from the sensor to
the target is 2.8 m, manually adjustable. CI Systems
IR Baringa 5
Integration Laboratory (SIL) tool for stimulating IR missile
warning systems (MWS). IR Baringa 5 is compatible with
AAR-44, AAR-58, PAWS, and PAWS II. It is man-portable,
battery-powered and is manufactured as ruggedized
MIL-specification equipment. It can be provided with software
tools for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL
Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)
IRTS
The infrared threat simulator (IRTS) is a medium to long-range
electro-optical missile threat simulator for testing missile
approach warning systems. It simulates an IR radiation profile,
based on parameters such as the missile signature, atmospheric
conditions, missile speed and range. It is available as a
broadband or spectral source. ‘Dual colour’ configurations are
available. An integrated GPS synchronizes the IRTS to any
other equipment used in the drill or experiment. The GPS can
also synchronize between several IRTS sets to create a true
‘missile-field’ simulation. Training crews can use it to learn how
to operate missile warning systems and IR jammers. It also has
an option for a video tracker and a motorized pedestal. With the
optional radiometer, it gives a complete analysis of missile
simulation on the one hand and testing of IR jammers on the
other. CI Systems
Keeping track of security-critical signals with the ¸PR100
portable receiver.
Frequency range 9 kHz to 7.5 GHz
6’’ color display with continuously variable backlighting
Y Monitoring of short-duration and frequency-hopping signals
Y High scan speed across entire frequency range up to 2.0 GHz/s
Y High-sensitivity signal processing that detects
remote ignition devices even in standby mode
Y Tone function that acoustically guides rescue
personnel when emergency transmitters
are detected
Y
Y
Joint Threat Emitter (JTE)
A multi-threat, hi-fidelity simulator with realistic effective
radiated power levels, which simulates both single and double
digit surface-to-air and anti-aircraft artillery radar systems. JTE
accurately trains combat aircrew to defeat or avoid integrated
air defence systems around the world in a war-like training
environment. JTE will replace most threat emitter systems on
USAF and ANG training ranges. The Joint Threat Emitter offers
‘true’ warfighter training for the combat pilot. Northrop
Grumman Amherst Systems
Measurement and Verification
System (MAVS)
An automated RF instrumentation system that measures the RF
threat inputs to the system-under-test (SUT) and the RF output
jamming. It measures and records: frequency, pulse width, pulse
repetition interval, scan time, power modulation parameters
(jamming waveforms), delta time-between-channels (response
time). It also provides automatic display of measured
parameters; stores measured results for post-test analysis;
performs automated calibration routines of the RF
measurement paths; performs automated performance checks
of the RF SUT including: receiver sensitivity, parametric
encoding of the RF input and transmitter output. EDO
Corporation (now part of ITT)
www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/pr100
112
TEST EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT
Meon v3
Mobile EW and Radar Test System (MERTS)
MSS II (Dual Wave)
Developed as an end-to-end, confidence flight line test set for
stimulation and radiometric measurement of MWS/IRCM
systems. It is compatible with ALQ-144, ALQ-157, ALQ-204
(Matador), AAQ-24 (Nemesis), and ALQ-212 (ATIRCM).
Man-portable, battery-powered and manufactured as
ruggedized Mil-specification equipment. MEON v3 can be
provided with software tools for threat re-programming and full
remote operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI
Corporation, part of Textron)
Fully mobile, turnkey test and evaluation equipment for field
applications. Includes both the CHAMELEON II and RSS8000
systems integrated into one operational unit. The MERTS
equipment is housed in an ISO container and enables on-site
test and evaluation of radar and EW systems as well as operator
training. It includes an on-board diesel AC generator together
with an air-conditioned operator environment within the
container. The transmitter and antenna system feature TV
camera pointing and tracking, Az/El antenna stabilization and
high radiated powers of up to +60 dBW provided by TWT
amplifiers. In standard form, it covers 0.5 to18 GHz. Other bands
are available. Herley Industries Inc
The Missile Signal Simulator II is a compact
hand-held and self-contained missile engine
radiation plume simulator designed to test the
readiness and performance of dual colour
missile warning systems on the flight line as a
routine test or before take-off as well as in the
laboratory. It contains two miniature IR
radiation sources, which are modulated by a
built-in microprocessor to a reliable simulation
of the change in two bands of IR radiation
emitted by any missile engine. The simulation
provides the IR signature of the missile from the
time of its launch. Portable and compact, the
MSS II weighs 2.6 kg including batteries and
covers IR Band 1 (4.5 to 5 microns with cut on @
4.4) and Band 2 (3.5 to 4.1 micron cut off @ 4.1).
It can be positioned up to 3 m from IRCM
sensors. CI Systems
Micro-AMES
A transportable threat environment simulator housed in a 50”
rack on casters. Fully compatible with the AMES II, it runs
dynamic and static scenarios generated from the same databases
as those used with the larger system. The Micro-AMES can
simulate EW, AEW, ground control intercept, missiles, AI, AAA,
communications, and jammer signal environments. It may be
used either as a standalone RF simulator or as a companion to
the AMES II. Applications: Range testing, flight line testing,
anechoic chamber testing, lab testing, and training. Features:
realistic simulation of sophisticated high-density radar signal
environments; transportable high-fidelity threat environment
generation; universal EW threat simulation; over 2,000
software-programmable independent complex emitters.
Frequency coverage: 10 MHz up to 96 GHz in selected bands.
Digital, video, and IF output modules are available. Amplitude
AOA simulation: up to 12 ports. Real-time scan computed for each
pulse. Controls and displays are interactive. Operates alone or in a
network and is modular and easily expandable. Plug-in modules
are interchangeable, databases transportable and software is
common. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems
Missim (Missile Simulation)
Ruag describes Missim as ‘one tester for all self-protection
suites’. It is a hand-held three-in-one flight line tester combining
radar, laser and guided missile signatures for testing most EW
systems on the market. Compatible with air, ground and
maritime applications, it is also suitable for civil as well as
military applications, says the company. Modular construction
enables stimulator combinations to be tailored to customer
needs. It’s radar, laser, UV and IR outputs are non-hazardous
and eye-safe. It can be used from between zero and 20 metres
from the sensors to be tested and features up to 255 free
programmable scenarios plus an automatic mode to simulate
weapon systems simultaneously or sequentially. Ruag says it
offers full, fast and simple testing from a handy piece of
equipment that is easy to stow aboard an aircraft. Other
features include built in test and remote control/data link
capabilities. A Windows-based programming tool is included at
no extra cost. It is compatible with the EW suites on aircraft
such as the NH-90, F/A-18, F-5 and C-130, with MSWS, AMPS
systems and missile warning systems such as MAW-200/300,
AAR-44, AAR-54, AAR-57, AAR-60 (MILDS) etc, laser warners
including the LWS-300, COLDS, LSU, ALTAS, LWS-20 etc, and
radar warning receivers such as the RWS-300, TWE, ALR-67
(V2)/(V3), ALR-2000, etc. Ruag
114
Mobile Reprogrammable Emitter
Simulator (MRES)
Supports electronic warfare system testing and aircrew combat
training. It provides the ability to simulate any known threat
signature with a single set of hardware, and can be rapidly
reprogrammed. MRES can operate in stand-alone mode at a
non-instrumented range for use in RDT&E, pre-deployment
grooming, and electronic intercept/ECM training, or it can
function as a fully integrated asset in more complex range
settings. It is a wideband emitter, operating from 2 –18 GHz (0.4
– 2 GHz optional), and provides the ability to radiate up to 64
threats simultaneously. Target tracking options include ACMI/
TACTS interface, optical, or IFF. Northrop Grumman Amherst
Systems
Model 527 Radar Signal Simulator
Mimics multiple emitters with multiple modes, such as search,
acquire, and launch, in order to test radar warning receiver
(RWR) systems installed in aircraft. In end-of-runway and walk
around testing up to 120 feet from the aircraft, it stimulates
RWR systems with free-space radiation. The operational
readiness of the systems under test is verified by threat
reception and recognition as displayed in the cockpit. The Model
527 covers frequencies from 500 MHz to 18 GHz with options
from 10 MHz to 18 GHz and up to 2 millimetre wave bands and
can be programmed via a graphical interface that comes with it.
A high-fidelity, high-power, low-spurious signal output enhances
RWR testing, and it can also be used in an integrated mode with
ESL Defence Baringa and Meon EO/IR simulators (listed under
ESL). AAI Corporation (now part of Textron)
MSS LR
Missile Signal Simulator – Long Range (MSS-LR) is a compact
hand-held and self-contained missile engine radiation plume
simulator for testing missile-warning systems on the flight line
or in the laboratory. The LR version is optimised for those
systems that require testers to be used at a range greater than 3
m. This portable 3 kg system’s output covers the MWIR
waveband and can be used at up to 30 m from the sensors it is
testing. It can store up to four missile profiles at once and
complete more than 500 operations per full battery charge, says
the company. Because of the need to use it at longer ranges, the
operator can sight it via a riflescope rather than the simple blade
sights used on the shorter-range testers. CI Systems
MSS UV
Features the same simplicity and robustness implemented in the
IR MSS model with 4 user-loaded profiles and full field
functionality, says CI Systems. Portable and compact, it weighs
2.6 kg with batteries and covers UV wavelengths in the 260 to
280 nm range. Using MSWindows™ compatible software, it can
be loaded with up to four long- and short-duration profiles of up
to 10 seconds and achieves a maximum optical output of more
than 35 µWatt/m2 at 10 metres. CI Systems
Nemesis Mallina
MSS
The Missile Signal Simulator tests readiness and performance of
missile warning systems in the flight line, in regular routine, and
close to take-off. It does so by simulating the changes of the
missile’s IR radiation signature from launch through flight to a
target. Designed to MIL standard requirements, it withstands
severe field environment conditions while maintaining its
reliability and accuracy. The operator chooses the simulated
missile signature from pre-loaded files. The MSS is delivered with
a single or dual channel, with each channel simultaneously
emitting at a different spectral band. The scenarios are emitted
from the same optical exit. The scenarios are independent or can
be related by a factor. Portable, compact and lightweight, the 2.5
kg unit covers single or dual, related or non-related simultaneous
spectral bands within the MWIR spectrum. CI Systems
» The Rohde & Schwarz FSU67 Spectrum Analyzer features
high accuracy without unwanted products.
A combination of UV Mallina and the IR Beacon/Detector Module.
A long-range stimulator for pilot training and doctrine and tactics
analysis for MWS/DIRCM systems. DIRCM Mallina is compatible
with ALQ-144, ALQ-157, ALQ-204 (Matador), AAQ-24 (Nemesis),
and ALQ-212 (ATIRCM). It is manufactured as ruggedized
MIL-specification equipment and is provided with software tools
for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL
Pico-Ames
A desktop electronic warfare (EW) environment simulator that
utilizes the latest in software and electronic circuit design
technology. It generates simulations of various multiple threat
radar environments primarily for use in testing and evaluating
EW systems. The system produces up to 64 complex emitters in
increments of 16. Dynamic signal simulation capability allows the
user to generate various combinations of static and/or dynamic
platforms that emit pulse radars, pulse doppler (PD) radars, and
continuous wave (CW) radars for an amplitude AOA system. The
Pico-AMES can be configured as part of a host system that
employs a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)
through the Ethernet interface. Features: graphical user
interface; modular design; automated calibration; built-in test.
Threat environment generation: up to 64 simultaneous,
independent, user programmable complex emitters; dual beam,
pulse-on-pulse, pulse-on-CW simulation; AOA amplitude
simulation with up to 10 ports. Frequency coverage: 0.5-18.0
GHz (extended ranges available). RF modules are compatible and
interchangeable with AMES II modules. Fast-tuning VCO sources
are synthesized phase-locked. Operates alone or in a network
via wireless LAN. VME open architecture is modular and
expandable. Compatible with AMES II: databases are
transportable, software is common and RF modules
interchangeable. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems
Portable Radar Simulator (PRS)
A self-contained and flexible radar simulator that tests
electronic warfare systems. Operators use the PRS’s internal
controls and displays or its remote terminal to configure and
control its operation. An operator, using the remote terminal,
can control operation up to 250 feet away. It can generate a
variety of complex RF emitters/threats/signals and stimulate
the system-under-test (SUT) via free-space radiation or
direct-coupled RF. It can be used for closed loop testing by
connecting the PRS to the aircraft’s MIL-STD-1553 BUS and
measuring the SUT responses to the PRS generated emitters.
EDO TSO’s Portable Radar Simulator is used at forward
operating bases during operational deployments to support B-1B
end of runway checks, threat-of-the-day mission changes,
system maintenance. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)
Radar Signal Simulator RSS-1000/-2000/2000s/-2500
The RSS series is a family of light, compact, man-portable radar
signal simulator and EW test units designed for flight-line
operation. A single operator can perform a complete Radar
Warning Receiver (RWR) or EW check of the entire system from
antenna through cockpit display. MicroKim
115
TEST EQUIPMENT
Radar Signal Simulator RSS-4000
Smart Breech Plate Adapter (V2)
A light, compact, man-portable radar signal simulator and EW
test unit designed for flight line and lab operation. A single
operator can perform a complete radar warning receiver (RWR)
or EW check of the entire system from antenna through cockpit
display. The RSS-4000 can generate up to 1,000 simultaneous,
complex radar emitter simulations. MicroKim
The SBPA-V2 is an Advanced Flight-Line Tester for present and
next generation Electronic Countermeasures Dispensing
Systems such as ADDS, ACDS, ALE-45, ALE-47 and M130. It can
substitute existing flight-line test equipment such as the
ALM-176, ALM-177, M-130 tester and previous versions of SBPAs.
The SBPA is an effective tester, improving aircraft readiness by
performing fast and reliable flight line safety and functional
checks. It also shortens the dispensing system maintenance
cycle. BAE Systems Rokar
Radiated Direction of Arrival Simulator
(RDAS)
SR has developed an angle of arrival (AOA) simulation test
employing microprocessor-controlled electromechanical
hardware, which duplicates the effect of electromagnetic signals
impinging on the SUT. The AOA simulation uses a centroid
technique measuring the field from four antennas arranged in a
square (quad). This is identical to finding the mechanical CG.
This approach offers several advantages over flight testing
because there is no risk of accident or signal compromise, cost
per run is much lower that flight test, and EM environment
levels can be independently tailored to suit test requirements.
Spectra’s approach uses a panel with 15 antennas and the
associated hardware. This approach offers the advantages of
simpler equipment, and the ability to simulate different signals.
Spectra Research
Real-Time Infrared/Electro-Optic Scene
Simulator (RISS)
An IR/EO scene simulation system, providing a set of integrated
products for development, test, and evaluation of infrared and
electro-optic sensor systems. Software and high performance
graphics hardware generate high-fidelity, real-time, reactive
simulations for testing and evaluating systems in hardware-inthe-loop and man-in-the-loop configurations. Available software
tools enable the user to develop radiometrically accurate
databases and scenarios that include 3D objects, validated IR
models, and user-defined gaming areas. RISS supports testing
of IR missile approach warning (MAW), missile seeker, IR
search-and-track (IRST), and forward-looking IR (FLIR) systems.
Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems
Signal Measurement System (SMS)
Provides real-time RF monitoring and analysis for hardware-inthe-loop, installed system, and open-air range applications. It
validates the test environment by verifying threat simulator
signals, measures SUT (system-under-test) response to this
environment in real-time, allows correlation of electronic
countermeasures (ECM) with threat activity, and monitors test
progress to indicate failures or anomalies. SMS allows post-test
analysis of the test environment and SUT performance. The
system operates in stand-alone mode or can be integrated with
EW stimulators to enable shared use of databases and use of a
common time base. It can be configured for laboratory, anechoic
chamber, or free-space operation. Northrop Grumman
Amherst Systems
Airborne
Airborne systems
systems
ground
ground systems
systems
Solent
Flight line IR jammer test set to provide maximum confidence to
aircrew that an IR jammer is transmitting correctly. The test set
will confirm that the correct jamming code has been selected
and the intensity of the jamming signal. Solent has been
successfully tested with ALQ-144, ALQ-157, MIRTS and
Challenger. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation,
part of Textron)
naval
naval systems
systems
Radar
Radar systems
systems
Test
Testsystems
systems
Super MEOS
Developed as a medium-range, end-to-end, stimulator for DT&E
and OT&E for MWS/DIRCM systems. It was initially developed for
the ATIRCM/CMWS JPO. The system adopts the original DIRCM
MEOS systems with an additional significantly increased IR
beacon unit and improved ergonomic user interface. Super
MEOS has a maximum standoff range in excess of 3 km. Super
MEOS is not supplied as ruggedized MIL-specification
equipment. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation,
part of Textron)
guide
guide to suppliers
suppliers
product
product guide
guide
electronic
electronic warfare
warfare
Events
Events diary
diary 2008
2008
UV Baringa 5
Integration Laboratory (SIL) tool for stimulating UV Missile
Warning systems (MWS). UV Baringa 5 is compatible with
AAR-47, AAR-54, AAR-57 (CMWS), AAR-60 (MILDS), and
MWS-200. It is man-portable, battery-powered and is
manufactured as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment. UV
Baringa 5 can be provided with software tools for threat
re-programming and full remote operation. ESL Defence (a
division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)
UV Mallina
A long-range stimulator for pilot training and doctrine and
tactics analysis for UV MWS systems. UV Mallina is compatible
with AAR-47, AAR-54, AAR-57 (CMWS), AAR-60 (MILDS),
and MWS-200. It has a maximum standoff range in excess of
5 km (dependent upon warner sensitivity and atmospheric
conditions). The stimulator is manufactured as ruggedized
MIL-specification equipment and is modular in design for
compatibility with IR Mallina and other DIRCM Mallina units. ESL
DIRECTORY
GUIDE TO SUPPLIERS
This section lists companies involved in the air, land and sea sectors of the
electronic warfare and countermeasures industry.
Entries include:
± Company name
± Address
± Telephone and fax numbers
± Email addresses
± Website urls
± Contact names
± Company activity
The Product Guide on page 142 lists all companies by industry sector.
To update an entry or submit information for publication in the next handbook or
online directory, go to www.shephard.info/hbr.htm and complete the electronic
registration form. Alternatively, fax Mohan Sadasivan on +44 (1628) 669789 or
send an email to [email protected] specifying Electronic Warfare Handbook
as the subject.
116
the editor.

Electronic Warfare - Accommodation

Transcription

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