Manual of Operation and Instruction

Transcription

Manual of Operation and Instruction
Model 3440
Surface Moisture-Density Gauge
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: 1.877.TROXLER
Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661
Fax: +1.919.549.0761
www.troxlerlabs.com
Troxler products are protected by U.S. and foreign patents.
Copyright © 1989–2009
All Rights Reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording,
or information storage and retrieval systems, for any purpose without the
express written permission of Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, and are
registered in certain jurisdictions.
Fantastic is a trademark of Dow Consumer Products, Inc.
409 is a trademark of the Clorox Company.
Magnalube-G is a registered trademark of Carleton-Stuart Corporation.
Microsoft, Excel, Windows, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Word are
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
PN 104279
January 2009
Edition 17.7
ii
TROXLER SERVICE CENTERS
Troxler Corporate Headquarters
3008 Cornwallis Road
P.O. Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537)
Outside the U.S.A.: +1.919.549.8661
Fax: +1.919.549.0761
Web: www.troxlerlabs.com
Technical Support
Phone: 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537)
E-mail: [email protected]
Florida Service Center
2376 Forsyth Road
Orlando, FL 32807
Fax: 407.681.3188
Texas Service Center
2016 East Randol Mill Road
Suite 406
Arlington, TX 76011
Fax: 817.275.8562
Illinois Service Center
1430 Brook Drive
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Fax: 630.261.9341
Northern California Service Center
11300 Sanders Drive, Suite 7
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742
Fax: 916.631.0541
Troxler European Subsidiary
Troxler Electronics GMbH
Gilchinger Strasse 33
D.82239 Alling nr. Munich, Germany
Phone: ++49.8141.71063
Fax: ++49.8141.80731
E-mail: [email protected]
NOTE
To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service center
near you, call 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537).
Model 3440
iii
CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS
Units intended for use in countries that are members of the
European Community are shipped with a CE approved AC
adapter, Troxler bin number 108354.
Gauge cover is to be removed by trained service personnel
only. No user-serviceable components inside. Note:
Components behind cover can have voltage potentials in
excess of 50 volts during normal operation of the gauge.
Appendix C – Radiological Safety should be read carefully
and understood before using the gauge.
Alkaline Battery Use: See page F–2.
Safety Glasses: See page 3–2.
The source rod should automatically retract to the SAFE
position when the gauge is lifted.
See Scraper Ring/Tungsten Sliding Block Maintenance on
page F–5.
iv
EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Application of Council EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and Low Voltage
Directive 73/23/EEC
Standards to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1
EN 55011 Group 1, Class A
EN 50082-2
An EMC Technical Report/Certificate has been issued in accordance
with Part IV (Reg 50) of the UK Regulations (SI 1992 No. 2372) by a UK
appointed Competent Body, namely,
Interference Technology International Limited
41-42 Shrivenham, Hundred Business Park
Shrivenham, Swindon, Wiltshire SN6 8TZ
Certificate Number C283TRO.1ABS
Troxler Document Number 108205
Dated 16th January 1997
Manufacturer:
P.O. Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
USA
Apparatus:
Model 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge
Year of Declaration
1997 (Original)
2006 (Corrected)
Model 3440
v
NOTES
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES 3400
Introduction..............................................................................................1–2
Gauge and Accessories ............................................................................1–4
Control Panel Keypad ..............................................................................1–6
CHAPTER 2. GETTING STARTED
Turning the Gauge On..............................................................................2–2
Basic Parameter Setup..............................................................................2–4
Taking the Standard Count.....................................................................2–13
CHAPTER 3. MEASUREMENT SITE PREPARATION
Soil and Base Course Preparation ............................................................3–2
Asphalt Surface Preparation.....................................................................3–4
CHAPTER 4. TAKING A DENSITY/MOISTURE MEASUREMENT
Taking a Reading .....................................................................................4–2
Storing a Reading.....................................................................................4–4
CHAPTER 5. 3440 OPERATIONS
Offsetting a Reading ................................................................................5–3
Count Time Function .............................................................................5–12
Store Function ........................................................................................5–12
Proctor/Marshall/Voidless Function.......................................................5–13
Status Function.......................................................................................5–16
Mode Function .......................................................................................5–17
Project Function .....................................................................................5–17
Print Function.........................................................................................5–18
Erase Function........................................................................................5–21
Counts Function .....................................................................................5–21
Recall Function ......................................................................................5–22
Depth Function.......................................................................................5–22
Calculator Function................................................................................5–24
CHAPTER 6. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Stat Test....................................................................................................6–3
Drift Test ..................................................................................................6–7
Recover Erase ..........................................................................................6–9
Keypad Data...........................................................................................6–10
Auto-Station ...........................................................................................6–11
Special Calibration .................................................................................6–12
Nomograph.............................................................................................6–15
Precision.................................................................................................6–22
Set Units.................................................................................................6–24
Baud Rate...............................................................................................6–25
Model 3440
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
CHAPTER 6. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS (Continued)
Communication Protocol .......................................................................6–26
Battery Monitor......................................................................................6–27
Source Decay .........................................................................................6–30
Special Roadway....................................................................................6–31
CHAPTER 7. EXTENDED FUNCTIONS
Time/Date ................................................................................................7–2
Customer Name .......................................................................................7–3
Serial Number ..........................................................................................7–4
Calibration Date .......................................................................................7–5
Calibration Constants...............................................................................7–6
Rod Length...............................................................................................7–8
Erase Standard Counts .............................................................................7–9
Memory Clear ........................................................................................7–10
Burn-In...................................................................................................7–10
Calibration Standard ..............................................................................7–11
Remote Control......................................................................................7–12
APPENDIX A. THEORY OF OPERATION
Density ....................................................................................................A–2
Moisture ..................................................................................................A–5
APPENDIX B. RADIATION THEORY
Atomic Structure ..................................................................................... B–2
Radiation Theory .................................................................................... B–3
Radiation Statistics.................................................................................. B–4
Radiation Terminology ........................................................................... B–5
APPENDIX C. RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Radiation Types ...................................................................................... C–2
Radiation Exposure ................................................................................. C–3
Monitoring Radiation.............................................................................. C–4
3440 Radiation Profile ............................................................................ C–4
Source Encapsulation.............................................................................. C–6
Emergency Procedures............................................................................ C–6
APPENDIX D. LICENSING REQUIREMENTS
Specific License ......................................................................................D–2
Radiation Safety Program .......................................................................D–2
Personnel Monitoring..............................................................................D–2
Security ...................................................................................................D–2
Training...................................................................................................D–3
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
APPENDIX D. LICENSING REQUIREMENTS (Continued)
Leak Test.................................................................................................D–3
Notice to Employees ...............................................................................D–3
Incidents ..................................................................................................D–3
Disposal...................................................................................................D–4
Record Keeping.......................................................................................D–4
APPENDIX E. TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING
U.S. Requirements .................................................................................. E–2
Canadian Shipping Requirements ........................................................... E–4
APPENDIX F. PERIODIC MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
Batteries .................................................................................................. F–2
Mechanical Maintenance......................................................................... F–4
Electronic Maintenance........................................................................... F–9
Replacement Parts................................................................................. F–16
Returning a Gauge for Service .............................................................. F–27
APPENDIX G. 3440 SPECIFICATIONS
Measurement Specifications ...................................................................G–2
Calibration Specifications .......................................................................G–3
Radiological Specifications.....................................................................G–3
Memory Specifications ...........................................................................G–3
Electrical Specifications..........................................................................G–4
Mechanical Specifications.......................................................................G–5
APPENDIX H. LOG FORMS & COMPACTION TEST DATA
APPENDIX I. UNIT CONVERSION
Measurement Units .................................................................................. I–2
Radiological Units.................................................................................... I–2
APPENDIX J. PRINTING (UPLOADING) PROJECT DATA
Windows Hyperterminal .......................................................................... J–2
Viewing Project Data ............................................................................... J–4
INDEX
WARRANTY
Model 3440
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Title
1–1
1–2
3440 Gauge and Standard Accessories ................................. 1–5
3440 Keypad Layout ............................................................. 1–7
2–1
2–2
3440 Gauge Showing Rod Positions ................................... 2–14
Gauge Position on Reference Standard Block..................... 2–15
3–1
3–2
Drill Rod and Extraction Tool with Scraper Plate................. 3–2
Marking the Test Area .......................................................... 3–3
5–1
5–2
5–3
5–4
Gauge and Reference Standard Block Position for Trench
Offset................................................................................... 5–11
Serial Port Location............................................................. 5–18
Sample Project Printouts ..................................................... 5–20
Calculator Function Keys.................................................... 5–24
6–1
6–2
Stat Test Printout Sample...................................................... 6–6
Drift Test Printout Sample .................................................... 6–8
A–1
A–2
A–3
A–4
Direct Transmission Geometry ............................................ A–2
Backscatter Geometry .......................................................... A–3
Depth of Top Layer.............................................................. A–4
Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement...................... A–7
B–1
B–2
Diagram of an Atom..............................................................B–2
Variation of Radioactive Emission........................................B–4
C–1
C–2
Effect of Distance on Exposure.............................................C–3
3440 Gauge and Transport Case ...........................................C–4
D–1
Sample Notice to Employees ............................................... D–6
F–1
F–2
F–3
F–4
F–5
F–6
F–7
Retaining and Scraper Rings ................................................. F–5
3440 Baseboard Assembly .................................................... F–9
3440 Gauge Assembly (Sheet 1 of 2).................................. F–16
3440 Base Mechanical Assembly ....................................... F–20
3440 Source Rod Handle Assembly.................................... F–20
3440 Preamplifier Assembly............................................... F–22
3440 Front Panel Assembly ................................................ F–24
x
Page
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
1–1
3440 Keypad Functions......................................................... 1–8
A–1
Neutron Thermalization and Absorption Data ..................... A–6
C–1
Radiation Dose Equivalent Rates in Millirems per Hours.....C–5
F–1
F–2
F–3
F–4
F–5
3440 Gauge Assembly Parts................................................ F–18
3440 Base Mechanical Assembly Parts............................... F–21
3440 Source Rod Handle Assembly Parts........................... F–21
3440 Preamplifier Assembly Parts ...................................... F–23
3440 Front Panel Assembly Parts........................................ F–25
Model 3440
Page
xi
NOTES
xii
ATTENTION GAUGE OWNER
This gauge contains functions that require an ACCESS
CODE. This code must be entered before these functions may
be used. For more information on using the access code, refer
to the specific function in Chapter 7.
The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is:
4688 (Denmark only 2037)
This page should be removed if the access code is not to be
distributed to other parties or users of this gauge.
Model 3440
xiii
NOTES
xiv
CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES 3400
This chapter will familiarize the operator with the features and capabilities
of the Troxler Model 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. A brief
introduction to the system, as well as illustrations of the important
components of the system, are included. Taking time to review this chapter
before beginning operation of the system will help the operator to gain a
more complete understanding of system operations.
CONTENTS
Introduction..............................................................................................1–2
Gauge and Accessories ............................................................................1–4
Control Panel Keypad ..............................................................................1–6
Model 3440
1–1
INTRODUCTION
The Troxler Model 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge measures the
moisture content, density, and compaction of soils, soil-stone aggregates,
concrete, asphalt treated bases, asphalt surfacing, and other materials that
approximate similar ranges of density and/or moisture content. Currently
recognized as the industry standard for compacting control
instrumentation, the Model 3440 complies with the following American
Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards:
♦
ASTM D-2922: Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and SoilAggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
♦
ASTM D-2950: Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous
Concrete in Place by Nuclear Method
♦
ASTM D-3017: Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and
Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
The latest engineering, design, and manufacturing techniques have been
incorporated, as well as over thirty years of experience in the nuclear gauge
industry. The result of this effort is the ultimate in surface moisture-density
gauges – the Troxler Model 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge.
The versatile 3440 gauge uses two modes of operation (backscatter and
direct transmission) and can store over 450 readings. The gauge also
provides over 30 special functions and operator-selectable precision for all
phases of construction material testing. The LCD display and easy-to-use
keypad ensure the operator of fast, accurate test measurement results.
This manual contains sections that cover basic gauge setup and operation,
as well as advanced operating techniques. The appendices provide
information on radiation theory and radiation safety. Each chapter contains
a table of contents for quickly locating the function required. If a question
arises about the gauge, gauge operation, or an application not covered by
this manual, please contact the closest Troxler Sales/Service Center or your
Troxler Representative.
Changes and additions may be made to the 3440 gauge and this manual
without notice. Acquire updated information or a newer version of this
manual by contacting the Troxler Sales Department or a Troxler
Representative. The current edition of the manual can also be downloaded
and/or viewed (using Adobe® Acrobat® Reader) from the Troxler
website, www.troxlerlabs.com.
1–2
While no radiation hazard is imposed on operator(s) during
normal use, a potential hazard does exist if improperly used. The
sections of the manual covering radiological safety should be
required reading for all operators and potential operators. If these
sections are not completely understood, operators should seek
assistance from Troxler, an appointed Troxler representative or
others designated within the operator organization. Additional
nuclear safety information is available by attending a Troxler
Nuclear Gauge Training Course.
As changes are made to local, state, and federal regulations on a continuing
basis, the owner/operator must maintain a knowledge of these regulations.
The responsibility for compliance ultimately falls upon the owner. The
owner may also wish to purchase and subscribe to Titles 10 and 49 of the
U.S. Code of Federal Regulations in addition to applicable local/state
regulations pertinent to the owner’s license.
Any licensing issues discussed in this manual are for the United States. To
purchase a Model 3440 in Canada, owners must obtain a radioisotope
license from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC). The
owner should obtain copies of the CNSC Regulations and the
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations. This manual
provides a guide to Canadian shipping requirements on page E–4.
NOTE
International communities should follow local regulations
regarding products utilizing radioactive materials.
Model 3440
1–3
1. INTRODUCTION
Some information contained in this manual is used in training courses
offered by Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc., to assist purchasers in
obtaining a Radioactive Materials License from the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC) or an Agreement State. Owners are
encouraged to require study of this manual by operator(s) before allowing
any use of the instrument.
GAUGE AND ACCESSORIES
The Troxler 3440 gauge provides a fast, accurate, and inexpensive way to
find the moisture content and density of construction type materials. Take a
moment to become familiar with the features and controls of the 3440, its
components, operating principles, safeguards and cautions. Use Figure 1–1
and the list below to identify the gauge and standard accessories as they are
unpacked.
1.
The GAUGE is the portable surface moisture-density gauge
containing the radioactive sources, electronics and rechargeable
battery packs. The gauge serial number appears on the gauge handle
and the reference standard block, as well as on the calibration, source,
and warranty certificates.
2.
The REFERENCE STANDARD BLOCK is primarily used to
establish standard counts against which future measurements are
compared. The reference standard block is also an unchanging
reference for long-term stability checks.
3.
The SCRAPER PLATE/DRILL ROD GUIDE is used to prepare the
test site. It is used to guide the drill rod in preparing a hole for the
source rod for direct transmission measurements.
4.
The DRILL ROD is used to drill a hole for direct transmission
measurements. Under no circumstances should the source rod be
used for this purpose.
5.
The DRILL ROD EXTRACTION TOOL provides leverage to
remove the drill rod from clays and other materials.
6.
Two CHARGER/ADAPTERS are supplied: one for dc (12 volt
negative ground systems) and one for ac.
7.
The TRANSPORT CASE is specially fitted for safe transport of the
3440 and associated parts. The case is water-resistant, but is not
watertight. In case of inclement weather, the case should be protected
with some type of covering to prevent intrusion of rain, etc.
8.
OPERATOR’S MANUAL, CALIBRATION DOCUMENTS, and
GAUGE CERTIFICATE
1–4
1. INTRODUCTION
GAUGE
TRANSPORT CASE
SCRAPER PLATE/
DRILL ROD GUIDE
REFERENCE
BLOCK
AC CHARGER
DRILL
ROD
DC ADAPTER
EXTRACTION
TOOL
GAUGE CERTIFICATE
& WARRANTY
OPERATOR'S MANUAL W/
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
Figure 1–1. 3440 Gauge and Standard Accessories
Model 3440
1–5
CONTROL PANEL KEYPAD
The 3440 gauge control panel consists of two sections: the 20-key control
keypad (Figure 1–2) and the 〈ON〉 and 〈OFF〉 keys. Keystrokes result in an
immediate “beep” from the gauge. If the beep is not heard, the operation is
not completed. Gauge and control panel operations are described
throughout the manual. Table 1–1 summarizes the functions of each key,
and provides page references for more information on certain operations.
The 〈SHIFT〉 and shift function keys are color-coded yellow for ease of
identification. The 〈SHIFT〉 must be pressed before pressing a function
key. Functions are directly addressable from any other function except the
calculator mode. Pressing 〈SHIFT〉 causes the display’s top line to change
to –SHIFT FUNCTION–.
NOTE
If a function key is not pressed within four seconds, the gauge
reacts as if no key was pressed. If there is no action after
pressing a key, the gauge will return to READY after two
minutes.
The 〈YES〉, 〈NO/CE〉, and 〈START/ENTER〉 keys apply to all gauge
modes. For a complete reference to any function, consult the index.
Pressing 〈START/ENTER〉 from most modes will abort the mode and
begin a test.
The calculator function keys are 〈MS〉, 〈MR〉, 〈+〉, 〈–〉, 〈×〉, 〈÷〉, and 〈=〉.
1–6
EXIT
STORE
MS
NO/CE
C/CE
OFFSET
MR
PROCTOR/
MARSHALL
+
TIME
−
MODE
SPECIAL
7
8
9
PROJECT
PRINT
ERASE
4
5
6
COUNTS
DEPTH
CALC.
1
2
3
.
START/
ENTER
1. INTRODUCTION
YES
STATUS
RECALL
SHIFT
×
STANDARD
÷
0
=
Figure 1–2. 3440 Keypad Layout
Model 3440
1–7
Table 1–1. 3440 Keypad Functions
KEYS
YES
EXIT
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
Answers display prompts.
Permits exit from the calculator mode.
NO/CE
C/CE
Answers display prompts/Clear last entry.
Clears calculator entry.
STATUS
7
MODE
8
SPECIAL
9
STORE
MS
(SHIFT function) Displays status of gauge functions.
Number key.
(SHIFT function) Asphalt or Soils selection.
Number key.
(SHIFT function) Provides access to special functions.
Number key.
To store data in gauge memory.
Memory store function for the calculator mode.
OFFSET
MR
Select measurement offsets.
Memory recall function for the calculator mode.
PROJECT
4
PRINT
5
ERASE
6
PROCTOR/
MARSHALL
+
TIME
(SHIFT function) To enter, view, or erase a project.
Number key.
(SHIFT function) Download data.
Number key.
(SHIFT function) Erase data.
COUNTS
1
DEPTH
2
CALC.
3
SHIFT
×
2–6
6–1
4–4
5–3
2–8
5–18
Number key.
5–21
Proctor or Marshall value selection.
5–13
Addition sign for calculator function.
Select time interval for testing and measurement.
Subtraction sign for calculator function.
–
5–16
(SHIFT function) Displays last moisture and density counts.
Number key.
(SHIFT function) Selects depth mode.
Number key.
(SHIFT function) To access the calculator mode.
Number key.
Activates all SHIFT function modes
2–5
5–21
5–22
5–24
Multiplication sign for calculator mode.
STANDARD Provides access to standard count mode.
÷
Division sign for calculator mode.
RECALL
Number key.
.
Decimal point key.
START/
ENTER
=
1–8
(SHIFT function) Recalls last moisture and density reading.
0
See manual text and index.
Equals sign for calculator mode.
5–22
CHAPTER 2
GETTING STARTED
This chapter explains how to get started with the Series 3440 Surface
Moisture-Density Gauge. Functions explained include turning the gauge
on, basic parameter setup and taking a standard count.
CONTENTS
Turning the Gauge On..............................................................................2–2
Daily Inspection ................................................................................2–2
Basic Parameter Setup..............................................................................2–4
Setting Measurement Units ...............................................................2–4
Count Time Selection........................................................................2–5
Mode Selection .................................................................................2–6
Selecting a Project Number...............................................................2–8
Setting the Clock/Calendar .............................................................2–11
Taking the Standard Count.....................................................................2–13
Viewing the Last Four Standard Counts .........................................2–17
Model 3440
2–1
2. GETTING STARTED
NOTE
It is recommended that this chapter be read and fully
understood before operating the gauge for the first time.
TURNING THE GAUGE ON
The gauge uses rechargeable NiCad batteries (included) as a power source.
To turn the gauge on, press 〈ON〉.
When first turned on, the display screen fills with test characters before
proceeding to the self-test phase.
After two seconds, the gauge enters a 300-second self-test phase. During
the self-test, the gauge displays the gauge model number, software version,
serial number, company name, and progress (in seconds) of the test.
After the self-test, press any key to enter the Ready mode.
READY mm/dd/yyyy
Depth: xxxx
Time: x.xx min
Batt volts: x.x
The top line of the READY display alternates between the date and time.
The gauge returns to the Ready mode when the gauge is “ready” to proceed
to another function or there is no activity for more than 2 minutes.
After 5 hours of no activity, the gauge will automatically perform a total
power shutdown.
DAILY INSPECTION
The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation
of all safety features as follows:
1.
2–2
Push the source rod down into the backscatter position and then raise it
back to the shielded position. Turn the gauge over and verify that the
tungsten sliding block is completely shut. If the gauge base opening is
not completely closed by the sliding block, clean the sliding block and
verify proper operation before using, transporting, or storing the
gauge. Refer to the Cleaning the Tungsten Sliding Block section on
page F–4 for cleaning instructions.
WARNING
Do not store or transport the gauge unless the tungsten
sliding block is completely closed. Increased radiation
levels may violate transportation regulations, and may
cause excessive personnel radiation exposure.
2.
Model 3440
2–3
2. GETTING STARTED
If a radiation survey instrument is available, verify that the radioactive
gamma source is in place by measuring the exposure rate at the surface
of the gauge. The exposure rate should be approximately 10-20 mrem
per hour. A reading of about 1 mrem or less indicates that either the
survey instrument is not working or the cesium-137 (Cs-137) source
may be missing. Refer to the Troubleshooting information in
Appendix F for further instructions.
BASIC PARAMETER SETUP
SETTING MEASUREMENT UNITS
Before taking measurements, the operator should determine the unit of
measurement that is required for screen displays and/or printouts. The
available selections are Metric and PCF.
To execute the Set Units function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
Press 〈YES〉 three times for the display:
YES- Next menu
9- SET UNITS
10- BAUD RATE
11-COMM PROTOCOL
Press 〈9〉 for the display:
UNITS in PCF
Press: 1-PCF
2-METRIC
ENTER- No change
or the display will be:
UNITS in METRIC
Press: 1-PCF
2-METRIC
ENTER- No change
Press either 〈1〉 or 〈2〉 for the required units.
The gauge will remain in the selected mode until reset.
2–4
COUNT TIME SELECTION
The 3440 gauge provides three different count times to be used for taking
readings. The longest count time, four minutes, will usually provide the
highest accuracy. If a quick reading is required, one of the shorter periods
may be selected.
Press 〈TIME〉 for the display:
For example, assume that a count time of 1 minute is desired. Press 〈2〉 for
the display:
- Count Time 1 min
The display will return to READY.
Model 3440
2–5
2. GETTING STARTED
Time: xx min
1 - 15 sec
2 - 1 min
3 - 4 min
MODE SELECTION
The Mode function provides for the selection of Soil or Asphalt mode.
Under Asphalt mode, the sub-mode selection of % Marshall or % Voids
may be enabled.
Also, while in Asphalt mode, the % Voidless density selection may be
enabled.
To select the Mode function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈MODE〉 for the display:
MODE: SOIL
Select: 1- SOIL
2- ASPHALT
(CE to exit)
Soil Mode Selection
From the above display, press 〈1〉 to select Soil mode. The display is:
SOIL MODE
After a short delay, the display will return to READY. Chapter 4 provides
instructions for taking measurements in Soil mode.
Asphalt Mode Selection
From the first display on this page, press 〈2〉 to select Asphalt mode.
The display will be:
ASPHALT - %MA
Select: 1- %MA
2- 100-%MA
(CE to exit)
2–6
ASPHALT MODE, % MARSHALL. If % Marshall (or % compaction
compared to a Marshall target) is required, press 〈1〉 from the last display
on page 2–6.
% Marshall = (WD/Marshall) × 100
ASPHALT: %MA
Do you want to
ENABLE %VOIDS
also?
To enable % Voids, press 〈YES〉.
2. GETTING STARTED
% VOIDS = 100 × [1 – (WD/Voidless)]
NOTE
For the gauge to calculate % Voids, a voidless density must be
entered into the gauge as described on page 5–15. The voidless
density is the maximum theoretical density, or Rice test result.
ASPHALT: %MA
%VOIDS
After a brief delay, the screen display returns to the READY display.
ASPHALT MODE, 100 – %MA. If 100 – %MA is required, press 〈2〉
from the last display on page 2–6.
NOTE
The term % Voids is defined as 100 – %Voidless.
ASPHALT: 100-%MA
Do you want to
ENABLE %VOIDS
also?
100 – %MA = 100 × [1 – (WD/Marshall)]
To enable % Voids, press 〈YES〉.
%VOIDS = 100 × [1 – (WD/Voidless)]
After a short delay, the display returns to READY. Chapter 4 provides
instructions for taking measurements in Asphalt mode.
Model 3440
2–7
SELECTING A PROJECT NUMBER
The Project function allows unique alphanumeric project numbers to be
input into gauge memory. All subsequent readings for a project are stored
under its project number.
NOTE
Only one project number can be current in the gauge at any
one time. Other stored projects may be recalled at any time.
To select the Project function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈PROJECT〉for the
display:
Current Project:
PROJECT NUMBER
New Project?
Make an Existing Project Number Current
To make an existing project current, press 〈YES〉 to display:
Do you want to
make an existing
Project current?
Press 〈YES〉 to display:
PROJECT:
PROJECT NUMBER
1 - Select
2 - Next
Press 〈1〉 to select the displayed project, or 〈2〉 to display the next project
name.
2–8
Enter a New Project Number
To enter a new project number, press 〈YES〉 at the first display on the
previous page.
Do you want to
make an existing
Project current?
Press 〈NO/CE〉 to display:
Press SHIFT FOR
LETTERS (ENTER)
The project number may contain both numeric and alphabetic characters.
For each numeric character, press the desired number key.
For alphabetic characters, press 〈SHIFT〉 to display:
Input PR:
A
SHIFT- See chars
YES- Select
Press 〈SHIFT〉 until the desired character is displayed, then press 〈YES〉 to
accept the character. When the complete project number is displayed, press
〈START/ENTER〉 to activate the project number and exit.
View Old Project Data
To view data for an old project, from the first display on the previous page,
press 〈NO/CE〉 to display:
Do you want to
view and/or
erase a Project?
Model 3440
2–9
2. GETTING STARTED
Input PR:
PROJECT NUMBER
1 - View
2 - Erase
3 - Next
Press 〈3〉 (if required) until the desired project number is displayed, then
press 〈1〉 to display:
PROJECT NUMBER
mm/dd/yyyy
(Press SHIFT)
Press 〈SHIFT〉 to view the data for the displayed project number.
Erase Old Project Number
To erase an old project number, from the first display under the View Old
Project Data section on the previous page, press 〈NO/CE〉 to display:
Do you want to
view and/or
erase a Project?
PROJECT NUMBER
1 - View
2 - Erase
3 - Next
Press 〈3〉 (if required) until the desired project number is displayed, then
press 〈2〉 to display:
Project:
PROJECT NUMBER
SHIFT/YES= ERASE
Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈YES〉 to erase the project number shown on the
display.
2–10
SETTING THE CLOCK/CALENDAR
The Time/Date function allows the operator to change the current time-ofday or date that is displayed on the screen and used for measurement
reports.
To execute the Time/Date function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Enter Code ---and Press ENTER
The Access Code must be entered. This code is for authorized personnel
only. If you need assistance with the code, contact your nearest Troxler
Representative.
Enter the code and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈1〉 to select the Time/Date function. The display will be:
Current Date:
mm/dd/yyyy
Do you want to
change Date?
Press 〈YES〉 to change the current date. The display is:
Current Date:
mm/dd/yyyy
Input Date
and press ENTER
Model 3440
2–11
2. GETTING STARTED
Press 〈19〉 to display:
Input the new date and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
NOTE
Leading zeros must be entered for any single-digit day or
month. For example, the date June 9, 2000 must be entered as
〈0〉〈6〉〈0〉〈9〉〈2〉〈0〉〈0〉〈0〉.
After pressing 〈START/ENTER〉, the display will be:
Current Time:
hh/mm AM
Do you want to
change Time?
If the time of day is to be changed, press 〈YES〉. The display is:
Current Time:
hh/mm AM
Input Time
and press ENTER
Input the new time and press 〈START/ENTER〉. Again, note that the
leading zeros must be entered for any single digit hour or minute. For
example, 7:06 must be entered as 〈0〉〈7〉〈0〉〈6〉.
After pressing 〈START/ENTER〉, the display will be
Current Time:
7:06 AM
Select: 1- AM
2- PM
Select either 〈1〉 (for AM) or 〈2〉 (for PM).
After a few seconds, the display will return to the Extended Functions
menu.
2–12
TAKING THE STANDARD COUNT
The front of the 3440 gauge is closest to you when the gauge is placed with
the source rod to the left and the control panel to the right, as shown in
Figure 2–1. The handle contains the indexer trigger mechanism, used to
position the source rod on the notched index rod.
NOTE
The source rod should always be in the SAFE position
when the gauge is not in use.
The gauge should be turned ON before leaving for the worksite. This
allows the gauge to complete its self-test routine while in transit. The
standard count set can then be taken upon arrival at the work site without
any delays. The gauge automatically compares the new density and
moisture standard counts to the average of the values from the last four
standard counts. The new standard count will “pass” if the density standard
count is within 1% of the density average and the moisture standard count
is within 2% of the moisture average. After taking the standard count, be
sure to enter it in the log.
To take a standard count, place the reference standard block on a flat
surface at least 6 ft (2 m) from any vehicle or structure, and a minimum of
30 ft (10 m) from any other radioactive source. The surface can be asphalt
or concrete pavement, compacted aggregate or a similar surface with
density not less than 100 pcf (1600 kg/m3). Do not use truck beds,
tailgates, tabletops, and so on.
Model 3440
2–13
2. GETTING STARTED
NOTE
All Troxler nuclear gauges use low-level radioactive
sources for taking measurements. The sources in the 3440
gauge have a half-life of 30 years (cesium-137) and 432
years (americium 241:beryllium). In other words, the
amount of radioactivity from the cesium source will be
reduced by one-half (1/2) in 30 years. Because of this
continual decay, the standard count is taken to re-adjust
the gauge to compensate for the decay. This decay is a
known occurrence and will not compromise the accuracy
of the gauge as long as the standard counts are taken. It is
important to take the standard count when a gauge is
initially received from the factory and before taking
measurements at the worksite.
SAFE POSITION
(Use for Storage and Standard Counts)
INDEXER TRIGGER
BACKSCATTER POSITION
50 mm
(2 in)
SOURCE ROD
INDEX ROD
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
POSITIONS
300 mm
(12 in)
Figure 2–1. 3440 Gauge Showing Rod Positions
Place the gauge on the reference standard block as shown in Figure 2–2,
making sure the block top and gauge base are clean and smooth, with no
soil or other material to prevent good surface-to-surface contact. The gauge
must be positioned between the raised edges of the block and with the right
side of the gauge firmly seated against the metal butt plate on the block.
2–14
2. GETTING STARTED
METAL
BUTT
PLATE
REFERENCE
STANDARD
BLOCK
Figure 2–2. Gauge Position on Reference Standard Block
To begin taking a standard count, press 〈STANDARD〉 for the display:
-Standard CountDS= xxxx
MS= xxxx
Take new count?
Press 〈YES〉 for the display:
Is gauge on Std.
Block & Source
rod in SAFE pos?
Model 3440
2–15
Make sure the gauge is on the reference standard block as shown in Figure
2–2. Ensure that the source rod in the SAFE position and press 〈YES〉 to
begin taking the four-minute standard count.
Taking
Standard Count
xxx seconds
remaining
After count completion, the display is:
MS=xxxx xx.xx %P
DS=xxxx xx.xx %P
Do you want to
use the new STD?
The P indicated to the right of the percentage figures indicates that the new
counts are within the 1% density and 2% moisture limits. If the
percentages are not within these limits, an F will be displayed. If you do
get an F, or fail, display check for the following conditions:
Is the source rod in the proper position?
Are any other gauges close by?
Is the gauge seated correctly on the reference standard block?
Are the base of the gauge and the top of the reference standard block
both clean?
Is the reference standard block on a recommended surface?
If all other conditions are normal, do not accept the standard count just
taken. Press 〈NO/CE〉 and take another standard count.
NOTE
If the second count also fails, the old standard count sets
should be erased as described on page 7–9. Successive
standard count failures are usually the result of a prolonged
period between the last standard count and the new one. This
causes the tolerance to be exceeded because of source decay.
After the old standard counts are erased, four new standard
counts should be taken.
Press 〈YES〉 to accept the new standard count and enter it into memory. If
〈NO/CE〉 is pressed, the new count is not accepted and the display returns
to show the old values.
2–16
VIEWING THE LAST FOUR STANDARD COUNTS
To view the last four standard counts, press 〈STANDARD〉 for the display:
-Standard CountDS= xxxx
MS= xxxx
Take new count?
Press 〈NO/CE〉 for the display:
2. GETTING STARTED
-Standard CountWant to view
last four
Standard Counts?
Density Std Cts
1:xxxx 2:xxxx
3:xxxx 4:xxxx
(Yes for Moist.)
To view the moisture standard counts, press 〈YES〉. The display will be:
Moist. Std Cts
1:xxxx 2: xxxx
3:xxxx 4: xxxx
(Press any key)
The View Standard Count function may be exited by pressing any key.
Model 3440
2–17
NOTES
2–18
CHAPTER 3
MEASUREMENT SITE PREPARATION
This chapter covers the basic steps required to properly prepare a soil,
base, or asphalt surface for measurement.
CONTENTS
Soil and Base Course Preparation ............................................................3–2
Asphalt Surface Preparation.....................................................................3–4
3. SITE PREPARATION
Model 3440
3–1
SOIL AND BASE COURSE PREPARATION
Surface conditions for the test are critical to gauge performance and test
results. The scraper plate can be used to prepare surfaces that are not
smooth. Any small valleys, holes, or voids in surfaces can be filled with
sand or fine material from areas near the test site. Filling of large areas on
test surfaces should be avoided.
Placing the scraper plate on the surface to be tested, move the plate back
and forth in a small area to smooth the test site. Lift the plate to fill any
small depressions or voids present. Place scraper plate on the surface again
and press down slightly to level the surface.
WARNING
Wear safety glasses while hammering drill rod through
scraper plate.
Put the drill rod through the extraction tool and then through one of the
guides on the scraper plate (see Figure 3–1). Wearing safety glasses, step
on the scraper plate to hold it firmly and hammer the drill rod at least, but
not limited to, 2 in. (50mm) deeper than the desired test depth. The drill
rod increment markings include the additional 2-inch depth needed for rod
clearance. Before removing the drill rod from the scraper plate, mark the
test area as shown in Figure 3–2 to make it easier to position the gauge
over the site.
DRILL ROD
EXTRACTION TOOL
SCRAPER PLATE/
DRILL ROD GUIDE
Figure 3–1. Drill Rod and Extraction Tool with Scraper Plate
3–2
EDGE
MARKS
MARK FOR SCRAPER
PLATE CENTER
SCRAPER
PLATE
MARK FOR DRILL
ROD CENTER
SCRAPER
PLATE
METHOD 2
METHOD 1
Figure 3–2. Marking the Test Area
Remove the drill rod by pulling straight up and twisting the extraction tool.
Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping from side to side with the hammer.
This will distort the hole or cause loose material to fill the 2-inch gap from
the bottom of the hole. Carefully pick up the scraper plate and set it aside.
Place the gauge on the surface prepared by the scraper plate so the source
rod can enter the hole without disturbing any loose material around it.
Using the handle and trigger mechanism, lower the source rod into the
hole. Release the trigger at the desired depth and listen for the “click,”
indicating that the source rod is properly locked into position on the index
rod. Lightly press the top of the handle to confirm positive source rod
locking. Gently pull the gauge to the right until the source rod is firmly in
contact with the side of the hole.
Model 3440
3–3
3. SITE PREPARATION
CAUTION
DO NOT use the source rod of the Model 3440 gauge to
drill holes.
ASPHALT SURFACE PREPARATION
Test site selection for asphalt surfaces is much the same as soils except that
preparation differs slightly. Voids may be filled on coarse, open-graded
mixes using soft sand or cement powder, taking care to fill only the voids
and leaving the asphalt bare for surface contact with the gauge base. The
base should be resting on the asphalt and not on the fill material.
Try to “rock” the gauge – if you can “rock” it, place more fill material or
move the gauge to a flatter surface to correct the problem; the gauge should
not rock. Put the source rod in backscatter position, making sure the rod is
in the proper index rod notch and not resting on the asphalt.
3–4
CHAPTER 4
TAKING A DENSITY/MOISTURE MEASUREMENT
This chapter covers the basic steps required for taking and storing actual
density and/or moisture measurements with the Series 3440 Surface
Moisture-Density Gauge.
CONTENTS
Taking a Reading .....................................................................................4–2
Soil Mode..........................................................................................4–2
Asphalt Mode....................................................................................4–3
Storing a Reading.....................................................................................4–4
Storage – Asphalt Mode (Auto-Station Enabled)..............................4–4
Storage – Asphalt Mode (Auto-Station Disabled) ............................4–5
Storage – Soil Mode..........................................................................4–6
4. TAKING A MEASUREMENT
Model 3440
4–1
TAKING A READING
NOTE
When not taking readings, always keep the source rod in
the SAFE position. For added operator safety, the source
rod on the 3440 gauge automatically retracts to the SAFE
position when the gauge is picked up by the handle.
If you do not hear a “click” when the source rod is raised to the SAFE
position, look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding
block is completely closed. If the gauge base opening is not completely
closed by the sliding block, the sliding block may require cleaning. Refer
to the Cleaning the Tungsten Sliding Block section on page F–4 for
cleaning instructions.
CAUTION
Do not store or transport the gauge unless the tungsten
sliding block is completely closed. Increased radiation
levels may violate transportation regulations, and may
cause excessive personnel exposure.
SOIL MODE
Enable the Soil mode prior to taking a measurement. Refer to Chapter 2 for
more details on gauge setup.
Ensure that the site to be measured has been properly prepared. Refer to
Chapter 3 for more detail in site preparation. Position the gauge at the
proper location and release the source rod, pushing it to the proper depth.
Check to see that all parameters have been set to the correct values.
To start the measurement, press 〈START/ENTER〉 for the display:
Depth: xx
PR: xxxx
Time: xx
4–2
sec.
After the gauge completes its count time, the display will be:
%PR= xxx %
DD= xxx
WD= xxx
M= xx
%M= xx
The reading may be stored for later use by pressing the 〈STORE〉 key.
Refer to page 4–4.
ASPHALT MODE
Enable the Asphalt mode prior to taking a measurement. Refer to Chapter 2
for more details on gauge setup.
Ensure that the asphalt surface has been properly prepared. Refer to
Chapter 3 for more detail in site preparation. Place the gauge at the proper
location and move the source rod to the backscatter position (refer to
Figure 2–1 on page 2–14).
NOTE
In some applications, the source rod may be extended to place
the gauge in a Direct Transmission mode for use on soft
asphalt.
Verify that all parameters have been set to the correct values.
Start a measurement by pressing 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
Depth: xx
MA: xxxx
Time: xxx sec.
%MA= xxxx %
WD= xx
M= xxxx
%M= xx
%VOIDS= xxxx
The above display will remain until a function key is pressed, a new
measurement is taken, the 〈NO/CE〉 key is pressed, or the gauge shuts off
due to inactivity.
The reading may be stored for later use by pressing the 〈STORE〉 key.
Refer to page 4–4.
Model 3440
4–3
After the gauge completes its count time, the display will be:
STORING A READING
The 3440 gauge allows the operator to store measurements under specific
project numbers and station numbers for later recall. This function will
work in soil mode as well as in asphalt mode. The 3440 will provide for
additional numeric data storage under the station number and project. The
operator can also setup the gauge to prompt for the information required on
U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) projects (see page 6–31).
The 3440 gauge is equipped with an Auto-Station function that allows
automatic indexing of the station numbers. See page 6–11 for more
information on using this function.
To store readings, take a measurement following the procedure discussed
on pages 4–2 and 4–3. When the density and/or moisture results are
displayed, the reading may be stored.
STORAGE – ASPHALT MODE (AUTO-STATION ENABLED)
Press 〈STORE〉.
If the Auto-Station function is enabled, the display will be:
Station NUMBER?
Distance from
center line?
xxx ft.
From the above screen, input the distance from the centerline and press
〈START/ENTER〉 for the display:
Left or right
of center line?
1- LEFT
2- RIGHT
Pressing 〈1〉 or 〈2〉 yields:
Station: xx
is stored.
Do you want to
store more info?
4–4
If 〈YES〉 then:
Station:
1--------------Input and
Press ENTER
If 〈NO/CE〉 then:
Station: xx
Reading is
stored.
The READY screen is then displayed.
STORAGE – ASPHALT MODE (AUTO-STATION DISABLED)
If the Auto-Station function is disabled, the display will be:
Station NUMBER?
Press ENTER when
completed.
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 for:
Station: xx
Distance from
center line?
xxx ft.
Enter the number of the station and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
Left or right
of center line?
1- LEFT
2- RIGHT
Model 3440
4–5
Choose 〈1〉 or 〈2〉:
Station: xx
is stored.
Do you want to
store more info?
If 〈YES〉:
Station:
1--------------Input and
Press ENTER
Repeat loop until additional data is complete.
If 〈NO/CE〉:
Station: xx
Reading is
stored.
The READY screen is then displayed.
STORAGE – SOIL MODE
Press 〈STORE〉.
Station NUMBER?
Press ENTER when
completed.
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 for:
Station: xx
is stored.
Do you want to
store more info?
4–6
If 〈YES〉:
Station:
1--------------Input and
Press ENTER
Repeat loop until additional data is complete.
If not, press 〈NO/CE〉. The READY screen is then displayed.
Model 3440
4–7
NOTES
4–8
CHAPTER 5
This chapter contains descriptions and instructions for functions and
procedures used frequently by most gauge operators on a day-to-day basis.
In many cases, these operations will be performed every time a
measurement is taken. Therefore, this chapter should be reviewed and
completely understood before taking measurements in the field. Several of
these functions have been described earlier in this manual.
CONTENTS
Offsetting a Reading ................................................................................5–3
Offsets – Wet Density .......................................................................5–4
Offsets – Moisture.............................................................................5–5
Offsets – Trench..............................................................................5–10
Count Time Function .............................................................................5–12
Store Function ........................................................................................5–12
Proctor/Marshall/Voidless Function.......................................................5–13
Recall a Stored Proctor/Marshall Value..........................................5–14
Enter a New Proctor/Marshall Value ..............................................5–14
Voidless Density Value...................................................................5–15
Status Function.......................................................................................5–16
Mode Function .......................................................................................5–17
Project Function .....................................................................................5–17
Print Function.........................................................................................5–18
Printing a Single Project .................................................................5–19
Erase Function........................................................................................5–21
Counts Function .....................................................................................5–21
Model 3440
5–1
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
3440 OPERATIONS
CONTENTS (Continued)
Recall Function ......................................................................................5–22
Depth Function.......................................................................................5–22
Manual Mode..................................................................................5–22
Automatic Mode .............................................................................5–23
Calculator Function................................................................................5–24
Addition ..........................................................................................5–24
Subtraction ......................................................................................5–25
Division...........................................................................................5–25
Multiplication..................................................................................5–25
Chain Calculations..........................................................................5–25
Memory Storage Arithmetic ...........................................................5–25
5–2
OFFSETTING A READING
NOTE
When an offset has been enabled, all future readings will
automatically be adjusted with the offset factor regardless of
the test site. It is very important that the operator DISABLE
the offset function prior to taking readings on materials that
do not require an offset. Offset functions will be disabled if the
gauge is turned off for more than 10 seconds.
The 3440 gauge provides offsets for the following measurement types:
♦
Wet density measurements
♦
Moisture measurements
♦
Trench measurements
Offsets may be required for an accurate measurement if the material to be
measured meets any of the following conditions:
♦
Has a density outside the range of 70 to 170 pcf (1100 to 2700 kg/m3)
♦
Has a high concentration of elements with atomic numbers greater
than 20 (such as concrete, some coals, or ferrous soils)
♦
Is high in a hydrogen-rich material (such as gypsum, coal, or lime).
The 3440 gauge also requires an offset if measurements are to be taken
inside a trench or close to a structure. The walls of the trench or structure
may scatter the gamma photons and neutrons back to the gauge, resulting
in inaccurate density or moisture readings.
To enable the Offset function, press 〈OFFSET〉 to display:
-OFFSET- Select:
1-Dens. -OFF2-Moist. -OFF3-Trench -OFF-
Model 3440
5–3
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
The Troxler 3440 Gauge is factory calibrated for soils, asphalt, and
concrete. The operator can adjust gauge readings based on other
performance test, such as control strip results, core samples, or sand cones.
This adjustment, or shift, is known as an offset.
OFFSETS – WET DENSITY
To enable a wet density offset, press 〈1〉 from the display on the previous
page.
Density Offset
DISABLED
Do you want to
ENABLE?
- Wet Density Offset
x.x
PCF
Want to change?
To change the offset, press 〈YES〉 (pressing 〈NO/CE〉 leaves the factors
unchanged).
The display is:
- WD Offset Select: + or 1 = +
2 = Select either 〈1〉 or 〈2〉 for the display:
- WD Offset +
Press ENTER
when completed
Use the numbered keys to enter a new offset factor. When the entire value
is input, press 〈START/ENTER〉 for the display:
Density Offset
ENABLED!
The offset will be stored and the gauge returns to READY.
5–4
OFFSETS – MOISTURE
In rare cases, the material to be measured may contain significant amounts
of neutron absorbers such as boron or cadmium. These elements will result
in a moisture reading that is lower than the actual value. In these cases, the
offset factor will be a plus value.
To enable a moisture offset, press 〈2〉 from the display on page 5–3.
Moisture Offset
DISABLED
Do you want to
ENABLE?
Moisture OffsetK=x.xx
Do you want a
new M-Offset?
To change the moisture offset, press 〈YES〉 (pressing 〈NO/CE〉 leaves the
factors unchanged.)
The display is:
Select source
of Offset:
1- gauge derived
2- stored value
The operator may then select a previously stored offset value or a gaugederived value. The gauge-derived value may be a new value input via the
keypad or an actual value recorded from a measurement.
Model 3440
5–5
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
Moisture offsets (plus or minus) are sometimes needed when testing
certain materials that contain high amounts of hydrogen-rich compounds,
since the 3440 measures moisture by determining the amount of hydrogen
present in the material. Some hydrogen-rich materials are gypsum, coal,
lime, fly ash, organic material, mica clays, and phosphates. If the material
contains compounds that are high in hydrogen forms other than water, an
inaccurate reading may result. Offset factors for these measurements would
be a minus value.
Moisture Offset – Gauge Derived
From the last display on the previous page, select 〈1〉 for the display:
Select:
1- True M x.x %
2-Gauge M x.x %
ENTER to enable
For a true gauge-derived offset, two values must be input: the true
moisture value, which is determined by laboratory analysis, and the gauge
moisture, which is the gauge reading on the material to be tested.
If the above values are correct, press 〈START/ENTER〉.
To input a new true moisture value, press 〈1〉 for the display:
True Moisturex.x
%
Press ENTER
when completed
Input the laboratory value and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
To input a new gauge moisture value, press 〈2〉 for the display:
Gauge MoistureSelect:
1- Keypad entry
2- Measurement
KEYPAD ENTRY. To use the keypad to enter the gauge moisture reading
from a previous test, press 〈1〉. The display is:
Gauge Moisturex.x
%
Press ENTER
when completed
5–6
Input the gauge moisture via the keypad and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
SELECT:
1- True M x.x %
2-Gauge M x.x %
ENTER to enable
Press 〈START/ENTER〉.
K=x.xx
Do you want to
save this value
or later use?
f To enable the K value and store it in memory for later use, press
〈YES〉:
Enter desired
Memory location
of M-Offset:
(1-4)
Enter the appropriate value (1-4) and press 〈START/ENTER〉:
Moisture Offset
SAVED
K=x.xx
location x
Moisture Offset
ENABLED
K=x.xx
f To enable the K value, but not store it in memory, press 〈NO/CE〉. The
value will be enabled, but will not be saved after it is disabled or the
gauge is turned off.
Moisture Offset
ENABLED
K=x.xx
The offset will be enabled, but will not be saved after it is disabled or
the gauge is turned off. The display will then return to READY.
Model 3440
5–7
GAUGE MEASUREMENT. If the gauge is to be used to automatically
record the moisture value, press 〈2〉 from the third screen on page 5–6. The
display is:
Place gauge on
surface to test.
Press START for
(4) 1 min counts
Place the gauge in the backscatter position ONLY at the location to be
tested. Press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
Moisture Count
#1
Time: 60
sec.
After counting down to zero, the display will be:
Moist. count #1
MC =xxxx
Press ENTER for
next count
Position the gauge at the next test site and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
Repeat these steps for tests 3 and 4. After test 4 is completed, the display
will be:
Gauge MoistureOld:x.xx
%
New:x.xx
%
(ENTER to save)
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 to save the new value. The display is:
K=x.xx
Do you want to
save this value
or later use?
f To enable the K value but not save it for future use, press 〈NO/CE〉.
The value will be enabled, but will not be saved after it is disabled or
the gauge is turned off. The display will return to READY.
5–8
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
f To enable the K value and store it in memory for later use, press
〈YES〉. The display will be:
Enter desired
Memory location
of M-Offset:
(1-4)
Moisture Offset
SAVED
K=x.xx
location x
After a short delay, the display is:
Moisture Offset
ENABLED
K=x.xx
The offset will be enabled and the display will return to READY.
Moisture Offset - Stored Value
To recall a previously stored moisture offset, press 〈2〉 from the last display
on page 5–5.
Enter desired
Memory location
of M-Offset:
(1-4)
Moisture Offset
ENABLED
K=x.xx
The offset will be enabled and the display will return to READY.
Model 3440
5–9
OFFSETS – TRENCH
Vertical structures such as the walls of a building, trench, or ditch often
“echo” gamma photons and neutrons back to the gauge. This “echoing”
may adversely affect density and moisture measurements. Trench offsets
compensate for the influence of vertical structures on measurements.
Use a trench offset if taking a measurement inside a trench or within 2 ft
(0.6 m) of a large vertical structure. When used, the trench offset adjusts all
moisture measurements, but only the density measurements from
backscatter through 4 in. (10 cm).
To perform a trench offset:
As described on page 2–13, take the daily standard count outside the
trench and record the moisture and density count values.
Place the reference standard block and gauge in the trench. Position
the gauge on top of the reference standard block as in Figure 5–1.
Take a one-minute count using the Trench Offset mode as follows.
NOTE
During the one-minute count, the gauge must be the same
distance from the wall as it will be during the anticipated test
readings.
Press 〈3〉 from the display on page 5–3.
Trench Offset
DISABLED
Want to use
Trench Offset?
Press 〈YES〉 to perform the trench offset.
Trench Offset
M. constant=xxx
D. constant=xxx
Want to change?
Press 〈YES〉 to perform a new offset. Press 〈NO/CE〉 to use the
existing offset constants. If a new offset is to be performed, the display
will be:
Rod -> SAFE pos.
Press START for
1 min. STD cnt.
in Trench.
5–10
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
REFERENCE
STANDARD
BLOCK
METAL
BUTT
PLATE
Figure 5–1. Gauge and Reference Standard Block
Position for Trench Offset
Place the gauge on the reference standard block in the trench with the
source rod in the SAFE position.
Begin the one-minute count by pressing 〈START/ENTER〉.
The density and moisture trench offset constants will be calculated,
enabled and stored. If the gauge is not to be used for trench
measurements immediately, disable the offset.
To enable or disable an offset, press 〈3〉 from the display on page 5–3.
Using the numeric keys, select the offset for enabling/disabling. The
gauge will display the status of the offset and inquire if the operator
wishes to change the status. Answer the inquiry by pressing either
〈YES〉 or 〈NO/CE〉. The gauge will enable/disable the offset and
return to the READY display.
Model 3440
5–11
COUNT TIME FUNCTION
The 3440 gauge provides three different count times to be used for taking
measurements. The Count Time function is described on page 2–5.
STORE FUNCTION
The 3440 gauge allows the operator to store measurements under specific
project numbers and station numbers for later recall. The Store function is
described on page 4–4.
5–12
PROCTOR/MARSHALL/VOIDLESS FUNCTION
Soil mode
(DD ÷ PR) × 100 = %PR
Asphalt mode
(WD ÷ MA) × 100 = %MA
Asphalt mode
100 – [(WD ÷ VD) × 100] = %VOIDS
To select or change a Proctor, Marshall, or Voidless density value, press
the 〈PROCTOR/MARSHALL〉 key for the display:
MA=xxx.x
PCF
PR=xxx.x
VD=xxx.x
Want to change?
If not, press 〈NO/CE〉. Then press 〈START/ENTER〉. The screen reverts
to the READY display.
If a value is to be enabled, or a new value added or changed, press 〈YES〉.
The display is:
Select:
1 - MA
2 - PR
3 - Voidless
NOTE
After selecting Marshall (MA) or Proctor (PR) from the above
display, the steps for the selecting the Marshall and Proctor
values are identical. Therefore, this manual illustrates only
the Marshall value selection screens.
To change a Marshall value, press 〈1〉 to display:
Select source of
Marshall value:
1- Stored value
2- New value
Model 3440
5–13
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
The 3440 gauge provides for up to four different Proctor values, four
different Marshall values, and one Voidless density value to be stored for
later use. These values are used to determine percent compactions. The
percent compaction calculations for Soil and Asphalt modes are as follows:
RECALL A STORED PROCTOR/MARSHALL VALUE
To enable a previously stored value, press 〈1〉. The display is:
Select desired
Marshall:
1:x.x
2:x.x
3:x.x
4:x.x
Select the desired Marshall value by pressing 〈1〉, 〈2〉, 〈3〉, or 〈4〉 for the
display:
Marshall:
x.x
PCF
ENABLED!
The screen reverts to the READY display.
ENTER A NEW PROCTOR/MARSHALL VALUE
From the third display on page 5–13, press 〈2〉. The display will be:
Marshall:
x.x
PCF
Press ENTER
when completed
Enter the new value and press 〈START/ENTER〉, for the display:
MA=x.x
PCF
Do you want to
save this value
for later use?
Press 〈YES〉 to save the new Marshall value in a memory cell, for later use.
Select Marshall
Memory cell:
1:x.x
2:x.x
3:x.x
4:x.x
5–14
Press 〈1〉, 〈2〉, 〈3〉, or 〈4〉 to select the desired Marshall memory cell:
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
MARSHALL
x.x
PCF
ENABLED!
stored in cell x
VOIDLESS DENSITY VALUE
From the second display on the page 5–13, press 〈3〉 for the display:
Voidless Density
xxx.x
PCF
Press ENTER
when complete.
Input the Voidless Density value and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The screen
returns to the READY display.
Model 3440
5–15
STATUS FUNCTION
The Status function lets the operator check all gauge settings without
executing the particular function. Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈STATUS〉 for the
display:
-CONTROL STATUSPress YES to
view settings.
(CE to exit)
UNITS: xxx
TIME: xxxx
MODE: xxxx
(Press YES)
MA=x.x
PCF
PR=xxx.x
PCF
VD=xxx.x
PCF
(Press YES)
D OFF: x.x
TRUE %M=x.x
GAUGE %M=x.x
(Press YES)
%
%
AUTO-STATION:OFF
(Press YES)
Target Prec.(Press YES)
DepthCalib-
xxxx
xxxx
(Press YES)
Press 〈YES〉 to return to the first status display. Press 〈NO/CE〉 to return to
the READY display.
5–16
MODE FUNCTION
PROJECT FUNCTION
The Project function allows unique alphanumeric project numbers to be
input into gauge memory. All subsequent readings for a project are stored
under its project number. The Project function is described on page 2–8.
Model 3440
5–17
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
The Mode function provides for the selection of Soil or Asphalt mode. This
function is described on page 2–6.
PRINT FUNCTION
The Print function allows stored project data to be downloaded to a printer
or computer. As shown in Figure 5–2, an RS-232 serial port on the gauge
accepts a standard 25-pin “D” type interface cable connector. (To access
the serial port, remove the black cover on the faceplate.) Appendix J
provides instructions on using the HyperTerminal program in Microsoft®
Windows 95® and later operating systems to print (upload) data to a
computer.
Project data should be downloaded to a printer or computer before erasing.
This provides a permanent record of the data for use later.
CAUTION
To prevent damage to the 3440 gauge, turn the gauge
power off before connecting an interface cable.
Turn gauge and device off. Connect serial interface cable to gauge. Then,
turn both gauge and the serial device on. Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈PRINT〉 to
display:
Connect Serial
device & Select:
1- one Project
2- all Projects
Figure 5–2. Serial Port Location
5–18
DOWNLOADING DATA
-All ProjectsPress and hold
any key to abort
PRINTING A SINGLE PROJECT
From the first display on the previous page, press 〈1〉. The display will be:
PROJECT NUMBER
Press YES for
next Project.
ENTER to select
Press 〈YES〉 to scroll through the project numbers. Press
〈START/ENTER〉 to print the project desired project.
DOWNLOADING DATA
PROJECT NUMBER
Press and hold
any key to abort
Model 3440
5–19
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
To print all project data stored in the gauge, press 〈2〉. The gauge
immediately begins to download all project data to the printer. Figure 5–3
shows sample project printouts. While printing, the screen displays:
Soils Mode
*********************************
PROJECT NUMBER: 1
SN: 59441 DATE:
3/16/2000
*********************************
STA # 1
2:30 PM
3/16/2000
DEPTH: 4 inches
TIME: 15 seconds UNITS: PCF
Std Cnts: D 3445 M 26
Dens Cnt. 3568 Moist Cnt. 32
WD = –
DD = –
PR = 145.0
%PR = M = +
%M = +++++
Optional Data:
1234567890.1
--------------------------------STA # 2
2:30 PM
3/16/2000
DEPTH: 6 inches
WD = DD = PR = 145.0
%PR = M = +
%M = +++++
Asphalt Mode
*********************************
PROJECT NUMBER: 2
SN: 59441 DATE: 3/16/2000
*********************************
STA # 1
2:34 PM
3/16/2000
DEPTH: Backscatter
2
ft left of centerline
WD = DD = MA = 145.0
%MA = M = +
%M = +++++
Optional Data:
020590.01234
--------------------------------STA # 2
2:35 PM
9/16/2000
DEPTH: Backscatter
5
ft right of centerline
WD = DD = MA = 145.0 % VOIDS = +
Voidless Density = 145.0
%voidless = M = +
%M = +++++
Figure 5–3. Sample Project Printouts
5–20
ERASE FUNCTION
To select the Erase Function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈ERASE〉 for the display
Press SHIFT/YES
to ERASE ALL
STORED DATA!
(CE to abort)
NOTE
The following step will erase all project data stored in the
gauge’s memory!
Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈YES〉 to erase all stored data. After erasing all project
data from memory, the display will return to READY.
Note that “erased” data actually remains in memory until it is overwritten
by new data. If project data is erased accidentally, it may be recovered
using the Recover Erase function described on page 6–9.
NOTE
The Recover Erase function may not be able to recover erased
project data if new data has been stored since the erasure took
place.
COUNTS FUNCTION
The Counts function allows the operator to review the density and moisture
counts from the last measurement taken with the gauge.
To execute the Counts function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈COUNTS〉 for the
display:
Dens ct. = xxxx
Moist ct. = xxxx
SHIFT/RECALL to
see Readings.
The moisture and density counts from the last reading will be displayed.
Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈RECALL〉 to view the individual readings. (Refer to
the following pages for a more detailed description.)
Model 3440
5–21
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
The Erase function allows the operator to remove all project data stored in
memory.
RECALL FUNCTION
The Recall function allows the operator to review the last density and
moisture readings.
To execute the Recall function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈RECALL〉. If the
gauge is in Soil mode, the display will be:
%PR=xxxxx %
DD=xxxxx PCF
WD=xxxxx PCF
M=xxxxx %M=xxxxx
If the gauge is in Asphalt mode, the display will be:
%MA=xxxxx
%
WD=xxxxx
PCF
M=xxxxx %M=xxxxx
%VOIDS=xxxxx%
DEPTH FUNCTION
The Depth function allows the operator to select one of two depth modes:
manual or automatic. In the Manual mode, the gauge prompts the operator
to manually input the source rod depth using the keypad. In the Automatic
mode, the gauge automatically reads the depth strip on the index rod, and
then determines the source depth. To set the Depth mode, press 〈SHIFT〉
and 〈DEPTH〉.
MANUAL MODE
If the Depth mode is set to Automatic, the gauge display is:
Depth Ind: Auto
1- Select MANUAL
2- Calibrate
(CE to exit)
To set the Depth mode to Manual, press 〈1〉 for:
Depth Indicator:
MANUAL
5–22
AUTOMATIC MODE
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
If the Depth mode is set to Manual, the gauge allows the operator to
change the mode. After changing the mode to Automatic, the gauge
permits the operator to calibrate the depth strip.
NOTE
In the Automatic depth mode, the operator should calibrate
the depth strip after extreme changes in temperature. The
gauge automatically calibrates the depth strip when the
operator takes a standard count. The gauge also allows the
operator to calibrate the depth strip as follows.
To calibrate the depth strip, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈DEPTH〉.
Depth Ind: Auto
1- Select MANUAL
2- Calibrate
(CE to exit)
Press 〈2〉. The screen displays:
-DEPTH Calib Set rod at:
SAFE POSITION
and press ENTER
Position the source rod in the SAFE position and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
The gauge calibrates the depth strip. It then indicates that the depth
indicator is in the automatic mode as shown below, and returns to the
READY display.
Depth Indicator:
AUTOMATIC
Model 3440
5–23
CALCULATOR FUNCTION
The 3440 gauge can also be used as a four-function calculator. The
calculator function keys are shown circled on the keypad in Figure 5–4.
To execute the Calculator function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈CALC.〉 for the
display:
- CALCULATOR Use calculator
keys
Pressing any numbered key will clear the display (with the exception of the
top line).
ADDITION
To add 65 and 78: press 〈6〉, 〈5〉. Press 〈+〉, 〈7〉, 〈8〉. Press 〈=〉. The display
will give an answer of 143. Once a function has been completed and the
answer is displayed (with the equal sign to the left), pressing any numbered
key causes the display to clear (with the exception of the top line).
YES
EXIT
STORE
MS
NO/CE
C/CE
OFFSET
MR
PROCTOR/
MARSHALL
+
TIME
−
STATUS
MODE
SPECIAL
7
8
9
PROJECT
PRINT
ERASE
4
5
6
COUNTS
DEPTH
CALC.
1
2
3
.
START/
ENTER
RECALL
SHIFT
×
STANDARD
÷
0
Figure 5–4. Calculator Function Keys
5–24
=
SUBTRACTION
DIVISION
To divide 39 by 3: press 〈3〉, 〈9〉, 〈÷〉, 〈3〉. Press 〈=〉 for the displayed
answer of 13.
MULTIPLICATION
To multiply 33 by 3: press 〈3〉, 〈3〉, 〈×〉, 〈3〉. Press 〈=〉 for the displayed
answer of 99.
CHAIN CALCULATIONS
To perform a simple chain calculation, press 〈=〉 after each operation to get
an intermediate result. For example, to perform the calculation 2 + 5 × 9 –
3 and divide the result by 5: press 〈2〉 〈+〉 〈5〉. Then press 〈=〉 to get the
intermediate result of 7. on the last line of the display. Press 〈×〉 〈9〉 〈=〉.
The figure following the equal sign will be 63. Next, press 〈–〉 〈3〉 〈=〉 for a
result of 60. To divide this result by 5: press 〈÷〉 〈5〉 〈=〉 for the final
answer of 12.
A chain calculation such as 3+4(6+9)/2-8 must be performed using
algebraic notation: Parenthetical equations must be performed first,
followed by multiplication and division operations; then by addition and
subtraction. Therefore, the correct way to begin this calculation is: 〈6〉 〈+〉
〈9〉 〈=〉 to get the intermediate result of 15.
Next, do the multiplication 〈×〉 〈4〉 〈=〉 to get the next result of 60.
The next step is division: entering 〈÷〉 〈2〉 〈=〉 brings the next result of 30.
Finally, addition and subtraction: press 〈+〉 〈3〉 〈=〉 and 〈–〉 〈8〉 〈=〉 for the
final answer of 25.
MEMORY STORAGE ARITHMETIC
Calculator mode also includes the MS (memory storage) and MR (memory
recall) functions.
The MS function allows data to be stored in general memory for use with
other calculations or data may be stored under a specific project and station
number.
Model 3440
5–25
5. 3440 OPERATIONS
To subtract 65 from 78: press 〈7〉, 〈8〉, 〈–〉, 〈6〉, 〈5〉, then 〈=〉. The displayed
answer will be 13.
To use a numerical value as a constant (for instance, pi = 3.14159) press
the number keys and decimal in the proper order. When the displayed
figure is 3.14159, press 〈MS〉.
Select Storage:
1- Calculator
2- Project
Press 〈1〉 to store the data. An S will appear on the display to the right of
the figure, indicating the decimal number sequence of 3.14159 was stored.
If data is to be stored under a station number, press 〈2〉. The display will
be:
Station Number?
Press ENTER
when completed.
Input the station number and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The value will be
stored.
To Recall stored values for use in calculations, press 〈MR〉 and the stored
figures will appear on the display. An R will appear to the right of the
figure to indicate that the value is recalled from memory and not a
keyboard entry.
This figure can now be used as a constant. To change the constant or put a
different figure in memory, enter the new figure and press 〈MS〉, or press
〈MS〉 after a final result on the last line of the display. Figures in the
calculator memory can be used in calculations in the same manner as
figures entered separately. The figures in calculator memory may also be
recalled as long as:
♦
The gauge batteries do not become completely discharged or removed.
♦
The calculator memory is not cleared.
♦
The values are not changed or replaced with another set of figures.
To clear the calculator memory, press 〈0〉 and 〈MS〉.
Press 〈EXIT〉 to leave the calculator mode. The display will return to
READY.
5–26
CHAPTER 6
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
CONTENTS
Stat Test....................................................................................................6–3
Viewing Stat Test Data .....................................................................6–5
Printing Stat Test Data ......................................................................6–6
Drift Test ..................................................................................................6–7
Execute Drift Test .............................................................................6–7
Viewing Drift Test Data....................................................................6–8
Recover Erase ..........................................................................................6–9
Keypad Data...........................................................................................6–10
Auto-Station ...........................................................................................6–11
Special Calibration .................................................................................6–12
Enable Special Calibration..............................................................6–12
Disable a Special Calibration ..........................................................6–13
Perform a Special Calibration (Recalibration) ................................6–13
Nomograph.............................................................................................6–15
Enable Nomograph .........................................................................6–16
Disable Nomograph ........................................................................6–16
Change/View Nomograph Data ......................................................6–16
Precision.................................................................................................6–22
Model 3440
6–1
6. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
This chapter contains descriptions and operation instructions for the
Special Functions of the Series 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge.
These functions are typically not used on a day-to-day basis. In many
cases, these functions are used only one time for gauge configuration and
remain unchanged. The functions are arranged in order of use by a typical
gauge operator with the Stat Test and Drift Test listed first and continuing
through the Source Decay and Special Rdwy functions.
CONTENTS (Continued)
Set Units.................................................................................................6–24
Baud Rate...............................................................................................6–25
Communication Protocol .......................................................................6–26
Battery Monitor......................................................................................6–27
Battery Monitor...............................................................................6–27
Battery Status..................................................................................6–29
Source Decay .........................................................................................6–30
Special Roadway....................................................................................6–31
6–2
STAT TEST
The Stat Test, or statistical stability test, may be performed to validate the
normal operation of the gauge. Erratic readings or readings that seem to
fluctuate may indicate a problem with the gauge. If the readings are
suspect, the stat test may be executed.
A stat test should result in a ratio of actual-to-predicted standard deviation.
Ideally, the ratio should be 0.25, but acceptable limits are between 0.17 and
0.33. A definite instability exists if the ratio is outside these limits. Contact
the nearest Troxler Service Center for additional instructions.
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
- STAT TEST Want to view
last Stat data?
If 〈YES〉 is pressed to view the last stat test data, the display is:
DENS STAT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
R: x.xxx
-ENTER for Moist
To view the moisture data from the last stat test, press 〈START/ENTER〉.
The display is:
MOIST STAT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
R: x.xxx
View Stat. data?
The data for each of the readings may be viewed on the screen as described
on page 6–5.
Model 3440
6–3
To execute the stat test, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for the display:
If 〈NO/CE〉 is pressed from the Want to view...? screen on the previous
page, the display is:
Put gauge on Std
Block, rod in
SAFE position &
press START
For a stat test, place the reference standard block on a high-density surface
(at least 100 pcf (1602 kg/m3)) that is 5 ft (1.5 m) from a vertical surface.
Following the instructions given on the display, place the gauge on the
reference standard block with the source rod in the SAFE position.
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 for the display:
- STAT TEST Reading #1
Time= 60 secs
The gauge will take twenty 60-second counts. When all counts are
complete, the screen will display the average counts and ratio.
DENS STAT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
R: x.xxx
-ENTER for Moist
To view the moisture data, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display is:
MOIST STAT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
R: xxxx
View Stat. data?
Select method of
viewing data:
1- Screen
2- Printout
6–4
VIEWING STAT TEST DATA
From the Select method of viewing... screen on page 6–4, press 〈1〉 for
the display:
- STAT TEST Press SHIFT to
roll thru data
Press 〈SHIFT〉 for the display:
Press 〈SHIFT〉 and the gauge will display all twenty counts on the screen.
After the last count, the display will be:
DENS STAT TEST
AVG cnts: xx
R: x.xxx
-ENTER for Moist
To view the moisture data, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display is:
MOIST STAT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
R: x.xxx
View Stat. data?
Press 〈NO/CE〉 and the gauge will return to the READY display.
Model 3440
6–5
Stat. Counts #1
Density: x
Moisture: x
(Press SHIFT)
PRINTING STAT TEST DATA
From the Select method of viewing... screen on page 6–4, press 〈2〉 for
the display:
Connect Printer
& press START
After connecting the printer to the serial connector on the gauge, press
〈START/ENTER〉 for the following display. Figure 6–1 shows a sample
stat test printout.
- STAT TEST Downloading
data!
If the printer is not connected properly, an error message will be displayed.
********************************
Statistical Stability Test
********************************
Gauge Serial #:
18326
5/04/2000
7:21 AM
READING |
COUNTS
#
| DENSITY MOISTURE
1
3721
617
2
3725
639
3
3746
624
4
3740
617
5
3737
616
6
3744
628
7
3687
621
8
3748
628
9
3735
627
10
3737
623
11
3711
621
12
3729
622
13
3757
619
14
3732
602
15
3734
630
16
3749
623
17
3729
618
18
3726
619
19
3742
618
20
3743
618
Average: 3734
622
Ratio:
0.252
0.292
(PASS)
(PASS)
Figure 6–1. Stat Test Printout Sample
6–6
DRIFT TEST
If the stat test has already been performed (and has passed), but gauge
readings seem to be fluctuating from test to test, the Drift Test can be
performed to check the long-term drift of the 3440.
Pass and Fail limits are averages from the stat test and the difference in the
drift test average. If the average differences exceed 0.5% for density or 1%
for moisture, contact your Troxler service department.
Without turning off or moving the gauge from the time the stat test was
taken, wait 3 to 8 hours and implement the drift test.
To execute the drift test, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for the display:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
- DRIFT TEST Want to view
last Drift data?
EXECUTE DRIFT TEST
To execute the drift test, press 〈NO/CE〉 at the above display:
Put gauge on Std
Block, rod in
SAFE position &
press START
Model 3440
6–7
NOTE
The gauge should not be turned off between the stat and drift
tests. The stat test must be current. The gauge must not be
moved between the stat and drift tests to eliminate possible
failure due to positioning changes.
Place the gauge on the reference standard block. Make sure the source rod
is in the SAFE position and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
- DRIFT TEST Read #x Time:xxx
After the gauge completes five 4-minute counts, the display will be:
DENS DRIFT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
Drift: x.x % P
-ENTER for Moist
To view the moisture data from the last drift test, press 〈START/ENTER〉.
The display is:
MOIST DRIFT TEST
Avg cnts: xx
Drift: x.x % P
View Drift data?
VIEWING DRIFT TEST DATA
The data for each of the readings may be viewed on the screen or may be
printed. This function is the same as viewing the stat test data.
Refer to page 6–5 for instructions on viewing or printing drift test data.
Figure 6–2 shows a sample drift test printout.
********************************
DRIFT TEST
********************************
Gauge Serial #: 123456
O5/09/2000
3:01 PM
READING |
COUNTS
#
| DENSITY MOISTURE
-------------------------------1
3769
672
2
3801
661
3
3777
670
4
3740
694
5
3669
660
Average: 3751
671
Drift:
0.3 %
0.2 %
(PASS)
(PASS)
Figure 6–2. Drift Test Printout Sample
6–8
RECOVER ERASE
The Recover Erasure function may be used if project data is erased
accidentally.
NOTE
The Recover Erasure function may not be able to recover
erased data if other data has been stored since the erasure
took place.
To execute the Recover Erasure function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉
for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
Press 〈YES〉 one time for the display:
YES- Next menu
3- RECOVER ERASE
4- KEYPAD DATA
5- AUTO STATION
All data is
RECOVERED!
Model 3440
6–9
KEYPAD DATA
The Keypad Data function allows the operator to store numeric
information under a particular station number. This numeric information
may only be stored under the current project number and may be viewed or
printed using the Project function.
To execute the Keypad Data function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
YES- Next menu
3- RECOVER ERASE
4- KEYPAD DATA
5- AUTO STATION
Station number?
Press ENTER
when completed.
Input a previously stored Station Number. Press 〈START/ENTER〉 for:
Station:
1--------------Input and
Press ENTER
Input any sequence of numeric digits (up to 12) and press
〈START/ENTER〉.
Station:
1.
Do you want to
store more info?
Press 〈YES〉 or 〈NO/CE〉.
6–10
AUTO-STATION
The Auto-Station function allows the operator to initialize a station
number. When this function is enabled, the gauge will automatically
increment the station number by one after each reading is stored.
To enable the Auto-Station function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
YES- Next menu
3- RECOVER ERASE
4- KEYPAD DATA
5- AUTO STATION
Auto-Station
DISABLED
Do you want to
ENABLE?
Press 〈YES〉 to enable this function. The display will request the first
station number.
Initial Station
Number: x
Input and
Press ENTER
Input any sequence of numeric digits and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
The gauge will return to the READY display.
NOTE
Whenever a new project number is entered into the gauge, the
Auto-Station function is automatically disabled.
Model 3440
6–11
SPECIAL CALIBRATION
The Special Calibration function allows the operator to re-calibrate the
gauge constants temporarily for use in measuring particular materials.
These materials may be limestone or other materials that do not fall within
the range of a normal calibration. Once enabled, the Special Calibration
will remain in effect until the gauge is turned off or Normal calibration is
re-enabled.
To execute Special Calibration, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
Press 〈YES〉 two times for the display:
YES- Next menu
6-SPECIAL CALIB.
7- NOMOGRAPH
8- PRECISION
SPEC CALIB.-OFF
Press: 1- enable
2- disable
3- Recalib.
At this time, the operator may either enable an existing special calibration
or disable an existing calibration that has been in use. The operator may
also re-calibrate the gauge for use in a different material.
ENABLE SPECIAL CALIBRATION
Press 〈1〉 to enable the calibration. The display will be:
SPECIAL SOIL
CALIBRATION
ENABLED!
6–12
DISABLE A SPECIAL CALIBRATION
To disable a previously enabled special calibration, press 〈2〉 from the
SPEC CALIB. menu. The display will be:
NORMAL
CALIBRATION
ENABLED!
Before performing a special calibration, the following steps must be taken:
1.
The sample area must be prepared for testing.
2.
Gauge readings must be taken on each area.
3.
A wet density measurement using an alternative method must be
performed.
To perform a new special calibration, prepare a test site and position the
gauge. Position the rod at the correct depth and press 〈3〉 from the SPEC
CALIB. menu. The display will be:
Input rod depth:
(Enter 0 for BS)
xxinches
(Press ENTER)
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 after input of the rod depth. The display is:
SPECIAL CALIB.
Depth: x inches
Time: x min.
Press START
Model 3440
6–13
PERFORM A SPECIAL CALIBRATION (RECALIBRATION)
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 to begin taking the measurement. The display
will be:
SPECIAL CALIB.
Depth: x inches
Time:xxx secs.
Dens ct.=xxxx
Moist ct.=xxxx
To input sample
dens Press ENTER
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 to input the sample area wet density obtained
from the alternative test method. The display will be:
Input material
density x.x
PCF
ENTER to ENABLE
Input the material density and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will
return to READY.
6–14
NOMOGRAPH
In some cases, the 3440 may be used to determine the density of thin
asphalt overlays. This measurement may be performed with the gauge in
backscatter mode and using the “Nomograph” method of density
measurement. It should be noted that this method is not as accurate as a
true thin-layer gauge. However, this method may produce satisfactory
results under many conditions.
Obtaining an accurate overlay density with the Nomograph method
requires that the density of the bottom layer and the thickness of the top
layer be determined. The simplest method of determining the density of the
bottom layer is to take a nuclear gauge measurement prior to applying the
top layer or overlay. With the overlay applied and compacted, the depth of
the layer should be determined. At this time, the gauge may be used to
calculate the overlay layer density.
To access the Nomograph function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
YES- Next menu
6-SPECIAL CALIB.
7- NOMOGRAPH
8- PRECISION
NOMOGRAPH - OFF
Press: 1- enable
2- disable
3- chg/view data
At this time, the operator may enable, disable, or change the Nomograph
function.
Model 3440
6–15
When a nuclear gauge is used in backscatter mode on overlays under 3 in.
(7.5 cm), several effects must be overcome to produce an accurate reading.
With most gauges, the primary problem is the result of photons from the
source penetrating deeper than 3 in. (7.5 cm) and scattering back to the
gauge. These backscattered photons from the underlying material will
adversely influence the reading.
ENABLE NOMOGRAPH
Press 〈1〉 from the display at the bottom of page 6–15 to enable the
Nomograph function. The display will be:
NOMOGRAPH
ON
DISABLE NOMOGRAPH
To disable the Nomograph function, press 〈2〉 from the display at the
bottom of page 6–15. The display will be:
NOMOGRAPH
OFF
CHANGE/VIEW NOMOGRAPH DATA
To change or view the function data, press 〈3〉 from the display at the
bottom of page 6–15. The display will be:
Thicknessx.xx
in.
Press ENTER
when completed
Input the desired overlay thickness. Press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display
is:
Select to set1-Bottom dens.
2-Core
dens.
(CE to exit)
The wet density of the underlying or base material may be input using one
of two methods: keypad entry or by using the gauge to record actual
measurements.
6–16
Bottom Density – Keypad Entry
From the Select to set– display, press 〈1〉 for:
Average bottom
density:
x.x
PCF
Want to change?
If the display value is correct, press 〈NO/CE〉.
Press 〈YES〉 if the value is to be changed. The display will be:
Select method of
Entering density
1 - Keypad
2 - Measure
Press 〈1〉 to enter data with the keypad. The display will be:
Bottom densityx.x
PCF
Press ENTER
when completed
Enter the density of the bottom layer. The next display will be:
NOMOGRAPH
ON
Model 3440
6–17
Bottom Density – Measurement Entry
Bottom density values may be obtained by using the gauge to record an
actual measurement. Follow the instructions from the Bottom Density –
Keypad Entry description on the previous page until reaching the Select
method of... display.
Press 〈2〉 for measurement entry. The display will be:
# of Readings to
average (1-20)?
x
Press ENTER
Input the number of readings to be taken and averaged. Press
- Reading # 1 Time: x min.
Set rod to BS &
Press START
Prepare the site for measurement. Position the gauge and press
〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
- NOMOGRAPH Reading # 1
Depth: BS
Time:xx sec.
Reading # 1
WD:xxxxx
PCF
Move gauge and
press START
If more than one reading is to be taken, move the gauge to the next location
and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The gauge will repeat the above sequence
for each reading. When all the readings are completed, the display will be:
Average of x
Reading(s)xxxxx
PCF
Press ENTER
6–18
From the previous display, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
NOMOGRAPH
ON
Thin-layer overlay measurements may now be taken. Press
〈START/ENTER〉 to begin the test. The display is:
Depth: Backscat
MA: xxxx
(Nomograph)
Time: xxx sec.
After counting down to zero, the display is:
%MA= xxxx %
WD= xx
(Nomograph)
This test may be stored as any other test measurement. The recall function
and/or printout will show that the Nomograph function was used.
NOTE
Nomograph mode should be disabled before taking any
measurements not requiring the Nomograph function.
Core Density – Keypad Entry
The Core Density method allows the operator to input the density value of
a core sample for determining the overlay density.
From the Select to set– display at the bottom of page 6–16, press 〈2〉.
The display is:
Core Density x.x
PCF
Press ENTER
when completed
If the displayed density is correct, press 〈START/ENTER〉. If a change is
required, input the new value and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
Model 3440
6–19
Average measured
densityx.x
PCF
Want to change?
If the displayed value is correct, press 〈NO/CE〉.
Press 〈YES〉 if the value is to be changed. The display will be:
Select method of
Entering density
1 - Keypad
2 - Measure
Press 〈1〉 to enter data with the keypad. The display will be:
Measured dens.x.x
PCF
Press ENTER
when completed
Input the average measured density and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The
gauge will return to the READY display. Measurements may now be taken
and stored. These measurements should represent the density at or near the
core locations.
Core Density – Measurement Entry
From the Select method of... display above, press 〈2〉. The display is:
# of Readings to
average (1-20)?
x
Press ENTER
Input the number of readings to be taken and averaged. Press
- Reading # 1 Time: x min.
Set rod to BS &
Press START
6–20
Prepare the site for measurement. Place the gauge near the core location
and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be:
- NOMOGRAPH Reading # 1
Depth: BS
Time:xx sec.
If more than one reading is to be taken, move the gauge to the next location
and press 〈START/ENTER〉. The gauge will repeat the above sequence
for each reading. When all the readings are completed, the display will be:
Average of x
Reading(s)xxxxx
PCF
Press ENTER
Press 〈START/ENTER〉 to return to the READY display. Thin layer
overlay measurements may be taken and stored at this time.
Model 3440
6–21
Reading # 1
WD:xxxxx
PCF
Move gauge and
press START
PRECISION
Test results with precision limits as low as 0.5 pcf (8 kg/m3) are possible
under certain conditions. When given the desired degree of precision and a
test measurement, the 3440 automatically supplies this precision data to the
operator. Assuming the precision requested is within range and the time
required to calculate the required result does not exceed 60 minutes, the
following procedure can usually produce the required results.
The operator should be certain that the gauge is in the correct mode: Soil or
Asphalt. To execute the Precision function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and
〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
YES- Next menu
6-SPECIAL CALIB.
7- NOMOGRAPH
8- PRECISION
Precision:
x.xx
PCF
Press ENTER
when completed
If the gauge is in Soil mode, the display will request that the gauge be set
for the correct depth and will instruct you to press 〈START/ENTER〉.
Set depth for
1-min. count.
Press START
when ready.
If the gauge is in Asphalt mode, the display will reflect that the gauge
should be in the backscatter position.
Depth: xx
1 min. count.
Press START
when ready.
6–22
If the gauge is in the correct position, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The
display will be:
Precision Mode
Depth: xx
Time: xx sec
1-min. count
min. to
precision.
to begin?
CE to exit
xx
reach
Want
Press
Press 〈YES〉. After counting down, the display will be:
(For Soil mode)
%PR= xxx %
DD= xxx
WD= xxx
M= xx
%M= xx
(For Asphalt mode)
%MA= xxxx
WD= xx
%
NOTE
If the required precision cannot be reached in 60 minutes, the
following screen will be shown displayed.
-WARNING-Time to
reach precision
too high!
Press CE to exit
The precision mode will remain enabled until the gauge is turned off for
more than ten seconds.
Model 3440
6–23
SET UNITS
The 3440 gauge allows the operator to select whether screen displays and
printouts use measurement units of Metric or PCF. The Set Units function
is described on page 2–4.
6–24
BAUD RATE
The speed at which characters are transmitted to a printer or computer is
determined by the setting of this special function. The baud rate is
normally configured at bps or bits per second. A speed of 300 baud would
then be approximately 300 bps.
Valid baud rates for the 3440 gauge are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, and 4800.
To execute the Baud Rate function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
YES- Next menu
9- SET UNITS
10- BAUD RATE
11-COMM PROTOCOL
Press 〈1〉 〈0〉 for the display:
Baud Rate = 600
Do you want to
make a change?
Press 〈YES〉 to change the baud rate. The display will be:
Baud rate = 600
Input new rate.
Press ENTER
when finished.
Input the new baud rate and press 〈START/ENTER〉. After a few seconds,
the display will return to READY.
NOTE
If the wrong baud rate is entered, the error message –
ERROR– Illegal baud rate is briefly displayed. The gauge
then returns to the Do you want to make a change?
display shown above.
Model 3440
6–25
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
The Communication Protocol function allows the operator to select
whether a Line Feed is transmitted with a Carriage Return when the gauge
is communicating with a printer or other external device.
Consult the owners manual of your particular device to determine if you
need to send a line feed. To execute the Communication Protocol function,
press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
YES- Next menu
9- SET UNITS
10- BAUD RATE
11-COMM PROTOCOL
Comm. Protocol:
Send LF w/ CR.
Do you want to
change protocol?
Comm. Protocol
Select:
1- Send LF w/CR
2- No LF w/CR
Select the appropriate protocol by pressing 〈1〉 or 〈2〉. After entering a
selection, the display will reflect the new protocol.
Comm. Protocol:
No LF w/CR.
6–26
BATTERY MONITOR
The Battery Monitor function provides the operator with multiple methods
for displaying the battery status. The recommended display method is
actual battery voltage. However, the other choices may be useful. The
following choices are available:
♦
Display the actual battery voltage
♦
Display the estimated battery life
♦
Display the elapsed time from the last charge
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
Press 〈YES〉 four times for the display:
YES- Next menu
12- BATTERY
13- SOURCE DECAY
14- SPECIAL RDWY
- Battery Select:
1-Batt. Monitor
2-Batt. Status
BATTERY MONITOR
To change the way the battery is monitored and displayed, press 〈1〉 for:
Battery Monitor1-Batt. Life
2-Batt. Voltage
3-Elapsed Time
Model 3440
6–27
To execute the Battery Monitor function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉
for:
Battery Monitor – Battery Life
Press 〈1〉 to display battery life. The display will be:
Battery MonitorBatt. Life xx
Do you want to
change hours?
If the battery hours remaining are correct, press 〈NO/CE〉. The gauge will
return to the READY display. The remaining hours will be displayed.
Press 〈YES〉 if the hours are to be changed. The display is:
Battery MonitorBatt. Life --Input and
press ENTER
After inputting the new hours, the gauge will return to READY.
Battery Monitor – Battery Voltage
If the battery voltage is to be displayed on the READY screen, press 〈2〉
from the first Battery Monitor– display. The gauge will return to the
READY display. The battery voltage will be shown on the third line of the
display.
Battery Monitor – Elapsed Time
If the elapsed time is to be displayed on the READY screen, press 〈3〉 from
the Battery Monitor– display. The display will be:
Battery MonitorElapsed Time xxx
Want to reset
Elapsed Time?
If the elapsed time shown is to be reset to zero, press 〈YES〉. The gauge
will return to the READY display.
6–28
BATTERY STATUS
The battery status may be checked at any time. From the – Battery –
menu on page 6–27, press 〈2〉. The display will be:
Battery Status Batt volts:x.x
(7.0 = Batt Low)
(Press YES)
Last charge:
mm/dd - x.x hrs
Hrs used: x /p
(Press YES)
Press 〈YES〉 and the gauge will return to READY.
Model 3440
6–29
Press 〈YES〉 to view the date when the gauge was last charged, how long
the charge was and how many hours have elapsed since that charge. The
display will be:
SOURCE DECAY
The Source Decay function calculates a theoretical set of standard counts.
The radiation intensity of the source decreases by 2.3% per year. To
compensate, the last calibration standard counts are “corrected”
mathematically. The correction formula uses daily increments to
compensate the calibration standard count. The “corrected” counts may be
compared to the existing daily standard counts to determine if the gauge is
operating properly.
To execute the Source Decay function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉
for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
Press 〈YES〉 four times for the display:
YES- Next menu
12- BATTERY
13- SOURCE DECAY
14- SPECIAL RDWY
Std after Decay:
Current: xx
Predicted: xx
%Diff: xx
After a brief delay, the gauge will return to the Ready mode.
6–30
SPECIAL ROADWAY
After taking readings and pressing 〈STORE〉, operators can let the gauge
prompt them for the information required on U.S. FHWA projects. The
gauge can then download the readings and other information to a computer
or serial printer.
When shipped from the factory, the default storage mode is the standard
storage mode. To change the storage mode, select the Special Rdwy option
on the Special function menu. The gauge will display the current status.
Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉, then 〈1〉 〈4〉 for:
The 〈YES〉 key toggles the function on and off. To accept the displayed
status, press 〈NO/CE〉. Once the storage mode is changed, the gauge will
remain in this mode until it is changed again.
In both the Asphalt and Soil mode, the gauge can prompt the operator for:
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
FHWA number
Station number
Distance from centerline
Lane direction
Elevation above original ground
Elevation below finished grade
Compaction method
In the Asphalt mode, the gauge can prompt the operator for:
♦
♦
♦
Lift number
Lift thickness
Test type (surface mix, intermediate mix, or base mix)
In the Soil mode, the gauge can prompt the operator for:
♦
♦
Test type (soils or stone)
Further test type (embankments, pipe backfill, subgrade, abutment
backfill, retaining wall, or rockfill)
♦ If backfill, then pipe size
♦ If soil, then density required
Model 3440
6–31
Special Roadway
Mode:
OFF
Want to change?
NOTES
6–32
CHAPTER 7
EXTENDED FUNCTIONS
This chapter contains descriptions and operational instructions for the
Extended Functions of the Series 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge.
These functions require the use of an Access Code and are to be executed
by authorized personnel only.
CONTENTS
Time/Date.................................................................................................7–2
Customer Name........................................................................................7–3
Serial Number ..........................................................................................7–4
Calibration Date .......................................................................................7–5
Rod Length...............................................................................................7–8
Erase Standard Counts .............................................................................7–9
Memory Clear ........................................................................................7–10
Burn-In ...................................................................................................7–10
Calibration Standard...............................................................................7–11
Remote Control ......................................................................................7–12
Model 3440
7–1
7. EXTENDED FUNCTIONS
Calibration Constants ...............................................................................7–6
TIME/DATE
The Time/Date function allows the operator to change the current time-ofday or date that is displayed on the screen and used for measurement
reports. This function is described on page 2–11.
7–2
CUSTOMER NAME
The Customer Name function allows the operator to enter or change the
name of the gauge owner for printouts and reports. To execute the
Customer Name function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈2〉 for the following display:
Customer name
---------------Do you want to
change name?
Press 〈YES〉 to change the name.
A--------------SHIFT- See chars
YES- Select
ENTER- Finished
Press 〈SHIFT〉 to view a character of the alphabet. Press 〈YES〉 to select
the character and advance the cursor to the next space.
When the name entry is complete, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display
will return to the Extended Functions menu.
Model 3440
7–3
SERIAL NUMBER
The Serial Number function allows the operator to change the serial
number of the gauge if this value is lost in memory. To execute the Serial
Number function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈3〉 for the following display:
Serial Number-----Want to change
Serial Number?
Press 〈YES〉 to change the current number. The display is:
Serial NumberInput new Number
and press ENTER
Using the numeric keys, input the new serial number.
When the input is complete, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will
return to the Extended Functions menu.
7–4
CALIBRATION DATE
The Calibration Date function allows the operator to change the date of the
last gauge re-calibration. To execute the Calibration Date function, press
〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈YES〉 for the following display:
YES- Next menu
4- Calib. Date
5- Calib. Const.
6- Rod Length
DATE OF Calib:
-------Press ENTER
when complete.
Using the numeric keys, input the new date. Press 〈START/ENTER〉
when completed. The display will return to the Extended Functions menu.
Model 3440
7–5
CALIBRATION CONSTANTS
The Calibration Constants function allows the operator to change the
constants that the gauge uses to calculate a test result. If the gauge has been
repaired, or the memory has been lost, the constants must be re-entered.
NOTE
Each gauge contains a unique set of constants. These
constants are developed at the factory and are reflected on the
factory calibration sheet, which is shipped with every gauge. If
the constants are changed or are entered incorrectly, gauge
measurements will be incorrect.
To execute the Calibration Constants function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and
〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈YES〉 for the following display:
YES- Next menu
4- Calib. Date
5- Calib. Const.
6- Rod Length
7–6
Press 〈5〉 to select Calibration Constants. The display will be:
-CALIB. CONST.Enter Code ---and Press ENTER
The Secondary Access Code must be entered. Enter the code and press
〈START/ENTER〉. The display is:
-CALIB. CONST.E=x
Select: 1 = +
2 = If the value for the “E” constant on the screen equals that shown on the
calibration sheet, press 〈START/ENTER〉 to select the next constant.
If the “E” value is not correct, press 〈1〉 for positive number or 〈2〉 for
negative number and enter the value as reflected on the factory calibration
sheet. Press 〈START/ENTER〉 when completed.
NOTE
If your calibration sheet lists B*1000 and F*1000 values, the
calibration is in metric units. Therefore, the values on the
calibration sheet can be entered into the gauge without
conversion.
If your calibration sheet lists B and F values, then the
calibration is in English units rather than metric. Because the
gauge requires metric units, the B and F values must be
converted to metric units and divided by 1000. The most
direct conversion method is to multiply the B and F values by
62.4298, then enter the resulting product into the gauge.
The gauge will request a new value for the “F” constant. After accepting or
entering a corrected value for the “F” constant, the gauge requests a depth
value. The display is:
-CALIB. CONST.Enter depth:
- inches
(Press ENTER)
After the depth entry (0 for backscatter, 2 for 2 inches, etc.), accept or
enter the “A”, “B*1000” and “C” constants from the calibration sheet.
Repeat this procedure for every depth shown on the calibration sheet.
When all constants have been entered, the display will return to the
Extended Functions menu.
Model 3440
7–7
ROD LENGTH
If the gauge depth seems incorrect after calibrating the depth, the Rod
Length function allows the operator to set the rod length manually. The
operator should not need to set the rod length unless a new front panel
assembly is installed or the RAM is corrupt. To set the rod length
manually, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈YES〉 for:
YES- Next menu
4- Calib. Date
5- Calib. Const.
6- Rod Length
To access the Rod Length function, press 〈6〉. The gauge provides the
operator with two rod-length options: 8 or 12 inches. The display is
Set Rod Length
Select:
1- 8 Inch
2- 12 Inch
Press 〈1〉 or 〈2〉 to select the correct rod length. The gauge returns to the
Extended Functions menu. To return to the Ready mode, press 〈NO/CE〉.
If taking measurements in the automatic indicator mode, the operator
should calibrate the depth strip after manually entering the rod length.
7–8
ERASE STANDARD COUNTS
The Erase Standard Counts function allows the operator or service
technician to remove all (four) standard counts from gauge memory.
To execute the Erase Standard Counts function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and
〈SPECIAL〉 for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈YES〉 two times for:
YES- Next menu
7- Erase Std Cts
8- Memory Clear
9- Burn-in
Press SHIFT/YES
to erase all
Standard Counts
in gauge?!
Press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈YES〉 to erase all the standard counts. The display will
return to the Extended Functions menu.
Model 3440
7–9
MEMORY CLEAR
The Memory Clear function is to be used by qualified service personnel
only!
CAUTION
Executing the Memory Clear function will erase critical
information that is necessary for gauge operation!
BURN-IN
The Burn-In function is to be used by qualified service personnel only!
7–10
CALIBRATION STANDARD
The Calibration Standard function allows the operator or service
technician to input the factory calibration standard count.
To execute Calibration Standard function, press 〈SHIFT〉 and 〈SPECIAL〉
for:
SPECIAL FUNCTION
YES- Next menu
1- STAT TEST
2- DRIFT TEST
EXTENDED
FUNCTIONS
Representative.
YES- Next menu
1- Time/Date
2- Customer Name
3- Serial Number
Press 〈YES〉 three times for:
YES- Next menu
10- Calib. Std
11- Remote Cntrl
Press 〈1〉 〈0〉 to display:
Calib. Standard
Count: x
Input and
Press ENTER
Input the calibration standard count and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
The display will return to the Extended Functions menu.
Model 3440
7–11
REMOTE CONTROL
The Remote Control function is to be used by qualified service personnel
only!
7–12
APPENDIX A
THEORY OF OPERATION
This appendix contains brief explanations of the principle of operation of
the 3440 gauge. Backscatter mode and direct transmission mode are
explained, as well as the theoretical differences between the density and
moisture measurement technique.
CONTENTS
Density ....................................................................................................A–2
Moisture ..................................................................................................A–5
A. THEORY OF OPERATION
Model 3440
Appendix A–1
DENSITY
The Troxler Model 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge uses two modes
of operation: direct transmission mode (with the source rod extended) and
backscatter mode (with the source rod placed in the first notch below the
SAFE position).
In direct transmission mode (Figure A–1), the rod containing the
cesium-137 source is lowered to the desired depth, resulting in gamma
radiation emission. The detectors in the gauge base measure this radiation.
Gamma photons reaching the detectors must pass through the full distance
of soil, resulting in a large number of photons colliding with electrons
present in the soil. These collisions reduce the number of photons that
reach the detectors and thus allow the density of the material to be
calculated. In short, the lower the number of photons reaching the
detectors, the higher the density of the material. Since all of the photons
arriving at the detectors have passed through the full distance from the
source depth, the measured density is a true average for the material
between the surface and the source.
Figure A–1. Direct Transmission Geometry
Appendix A–2
In backscatter mode (Figure A–2), the gamma photons entering the
material being measured must be scattered (or reflected) at least once to
reach the detectors in the gauge. This result is achieved by leaving the
source rod in a retracted position in the gauge. The rod is locked in the first
position below the SAFE position, placing the source and detectors in the
same horizontal plane. Under ideal conditions, no photons would reach the
detector in a direct path from the source. However, this is not practical and
the directly transmitted photons are generally held to 10% or less of the
backscattered photons. Since no hole is required for the source rod, the
backscatter mode is preferred for surfaces such as concrete and asphalt.
However, since the photons have been scattered at least once, the average
energy of the photons reaching the detectors is lower than the average
energy of the photons in direct transmission conditions. This increases the
possibility of error due to the effects of chemical composition.
While the direct transmission geometry measures the average density from
the source depth to the surface, the backscatter geometry yields an average
that is heavily weighted by the surface density. Since the photon path
length increases for photons passing through deeper material, this is a
normal phenomena as most of the photons reaching the detectors will have
passed through the surface material and have decreasing percentages
through deeper materials.
Figure A–2. Backscatter Geometry
Model 3440
Appendix A–3
A normalized curve showing the percentages of photons at the detectors for
various depths is shown in Figure A–3. These curves can be used to
compute the gauge response to layered materials of different densities. As
an example, for a 20-mm thick material with a density of 2000 kg/m3
overlaying a material with a density of 2150 kg/m3, the gauge
measurement will indicate a density of 2089 kg/m3 [(2000 x 0.41) + (2150
x 0.59)].
Figure A–3. Depth of Top Layer
Appendix A–4
MOISTURE
The 3440 gauge uses a 40mCi americium 241:beryllium source with a
yield of 70,000 neutrons per second. The neutrons are used to measure the
hydrogen (water) content of the material because hydrogen in the material
will thermalize the neutrons.
Thermalization is the process whereby fast (or epithermal) neutrons
emitted by the source are slowed to velocities where additional collisions
with hydrogen or other molecules will not further slow the neutrons.
Neutron thermalization requires an average of nineteen collisions with
hydrogen nuclei. Other elements require a greater number of collisions for
thermalization (Table A–1).
Due to their high sensitivity, the He-3 detectors in the 3440 gauge are very
suitable for detection of thermalized neutrons. The He-3 tube is insensitive
to fast neutrons and the counts obtained are directly proportional to the
hydrogen/moisture content of the material.
Additionally, there are elements that absorb, or capture, neutrons into their
nuclei. The extent to which neutrons interact with nuclei is described in
terms of quantities known as cross-sections. The larger the cross-section,
the greater the possibility of neutron capture or absorption. Boron,
cadmium, and chlorine are elements that have large cross-sections and may
cause problems when attempting to measure the moisture of materials
containing these elements. An offset may be needed for the gauge if
moisture measurements are required in these materials.
Depth of Measurement, or the depth below which no more than 2% of the
counted neutrons pass before reaching the detector, is generally a function
of the moisture content. The normalized curve set shown in Figure A–4
illustrates the effects of moisture content on the radius of measurement.
This function may be expressed by:
or
Depth (mm) = 280 – (0.27 × M), where M = Moisture in kg/m3
Model 3440
Appendix A–5
Depth (in.) = 11 – (0.17 × M), where M = Moisture in pcf
Table A–1. Neutron Thermalization and Absorption Data
Element
Weight Fractions
of Earth’s Crust
Collisions to
Thermalization
Thermal
Absorption
Cross Section
Hydrogen
0.0014
19.0
0.33
Boron
*
109.2
759.00
Carbon
*
120.6
0.0034
Nitrogen
*
139.5
1.90
Oxygen
0.466
158.5
0.002
Sodium
0.028
224.9
0.53
Magnesium
0.021
237.4
0.063
Aluminum
0.081
262.8
0.23
Silicon
0.277
273.3
0.16
Phosphorus
0.001
300.8
0.19
Sulfur
*
311.1
0.51
Chlorine
*
343.3
33.00
Potassium
0.026
378.0
2.10
Calcium
0.036
387.3
0.43
Titanium
0.004
461.6
6.10
Manganese
0.001
528.5
13.30
Iron
0.050
537.2
2.53
*
1074.6
2390.00
Cadmium
Lead
*
1975.5
0.17
Uranium
*
2268.6
4.20
*
Weight fraction is less than 0.1%.
Appendix A–6
Gauge Measured Moisture Content (pcf)
40
DepthE = 11 - (0.17 X M)
35
32.3 pcf
30
25
20.8 pcf
20
15
10
5.95 pcf
5
0
2
4
6
Depth (in)
8
10
12
640
DepthS = 280 - (0.27 X M)
560
521 kg/m3
480
400
336 kg/m3
320
240
160
96 kg/m3
80
0
0
50
100
150
200
Depth (mm)
250
300
Figure A–4. Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement
Model 3440
Appendix A–7
Gauge Measured Moisture Content (kg/m3)
0
NOTES
Appendix A–8
APPENDIX B
This appendix is required reading for anyone who will operate the 3440
nuclear system. This appendix covers radiation theory, along with a brief
explanation of radiation statistics and radiation terminology.
CONTENTS
Atomic Structure .....................................................................................B–2
Radiation Theory.....................................................................................B–3
Radiation Statistics..................................................................................B–4
Radiation Terminology ...........................................................................B–5
Model 3440
Appendix B–1
B. RADIATION THEORY
RADIATION THEORY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
A more detailed discussion of radiological theory can be found in the
Troxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Program manual, provided at the
Troxler safety class.
All materials consist of chemical elements that can not decompose by
ordinary chemical methods. Some examples are:
(H) Hydrogen
(U) Uranium
(C) Carbon
(Cf) Californium
(O) Oxygen
(Co) Cobalt
The fundamental component of an element is an atom with a unique
structure (Figure B–1). The atom consists of smaller particles such as
protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are grouped
together in the nucleus. The electrons orbit the nucleus. An atom is
normally electrically neutral because the positive charges of the protons
cancel out the negative charges of the electrons.
ELECTRONS
NEUTRON
PROTON
Figure B–1. Diagram of an Atom
Protons carry a positive charge and are described as having a mass of one.
Neutrons have a neutral charge and also have a mass of one. Electrons
carry a negative charge and essentially have no mass.
MASS
(ATOMIC WEIGHT SCALE)
CHARGE
Protons
1.0073
+1
Neutrons
1.0087
0
Electrons
0.0006
–1
Since protons and neutrons are clustered together in the nucleus, the mass
of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. The atom in Figure B–1 has two
protons and two neutrons; therefore, it is a helium atom. The atomic weight
of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
Appendix B–2
RADIATION THEORY
The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity, or rate of
decay. This activity decreases with time. The length of time it takes a given
amount of radioactive material to decay to half of its original strength is
referred to as the half-life. The Am-241:Be source in the Model 3440 has a
half-life of 432 years, while the half-life of the Cs-137 source is thirty
years.
Model 3440
Appendix B–3
B. RADIATION THEORY
Radioactivity is the spontaneous breakdown of unstable nuclei
(radioisotopes) with the resulting emission of radiation. The basic unit of
radiation used in the U.S.A. is the curie (Ci). The curie is defined as 3.7 x
1010 disintegrations of nuclei per second. In the “Special Form”
encapsulated sealed sources used in the 3440 gauge, the unit of measure is
the millicurie (1/1,000 of a curie). The SI unit of radiation is the becquerel
(Bq). The becquerel equals one disintegration per second. Therefore, one
curie equals 3.7 x 1010 becquerel.
RADIATION STATISTICS
Radioactive emission is a random process. The number of emissions in a
given time period is not constant but varies statistically about an average
value. The variation in the number of emissions follows a Poisson
distribution about the true mean value. In this distribution, the standard
deviation (σ) about the mean (n) is defined as:
σ = √n.
When the mean is greater than 100, the Poisson distribution can be closely
approximated by the normal distribution (Figure B–2). The normal
distribution predicts the probability that any given count rate will fall
within a selected region about the mean.
Normal Distribution
-3σ
-2σ
-1σ
MEAN
68.3%
95.4%
99.7%
1σ
2σ
3σ
Figure B–2. Variation of Radioactive Emission
Using the mean of a larger number of counts to approximate the true mean,
the distribution shows that 68.3% of the time the count rate obtained will
be within ±1 standard deviation of the mean. Figure B–2 shows the
probabilities of counts falling within three standard deviations of the mean.
The operator can perform a statistical stability test (stat test) to compare the
experimental standard deviation to the theoretical standard deviation (see
page 6–3).
Appendix B–4
RADIATION TERMINOLOGY
Model 3440
Appendix B–5
B. RADIATION THEORY
The radiation absorbed dose, or rad, is the unit of absorbed dose equal to
0.01 Joules/kg in any medium. To account for the effect of various types of
radiation on biological tissue, the roentgen equivalent man (rem) or, more
appropriate for Troxler operators, the millirem (mrem) is used when
measuring radiation dose. The unit rem is derived from scaling the
radiation absorbed dose (rad) by a quality factor (QF). One rad is equal to
the exposure of one rem of photon radiation. For example, the average
neutron energy of an americium-241:beryllium source is 4.5 MeV. The
quality factor (QF) for this radiation is about 10. The absorbed dose of 1
rad of neutron radiation produces a dose equivalent of (absorbed dose x
QF) 10 rem.
NOTES
Appendix B–6
APPENDIX C
RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY
This appendix is required reading for anyone who will operate the 3440
nuclear system. This appendix provides a brief discussion of general
radiation safety. The exposure profile for the Model 3440 gauge is also
included, along with a discussion of the source encapsulation.
Radiation Types ......................................................................................C–2
Radiation Exposure .................................................................................C–3
Monitoring Radiation ..............................................................................C–4
3440 Radiation Profile ............................................................................C–4
Source Encapsulation ..............................................................................C–6
Emergency Procedures............................................................................C–6
Model 3440
Appendix C–1
C. RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY
CONTENTS
RADIATION TYPES
The radioactive sources in the Model 3440 gauge produce four types of
radiation:
Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Photons (Gamma Rays)
Neutrons
The alpha and beta particles are stopped by the source capsule. Only the
photon and neutron radiation contributes to any occupational radiation
exposure.
Photon (gamma) radiation is electromagnetic radiation, as are x-rays, radio
waves, and visible light. Visible light and photons have no mass or
electrical charge, and travel at the speed of light. Photons are energetic and
penetrating. Photons originate from the nucleus of the cesium-137 atom
after radioactive decay. The number of photons emitted from a 3440 gauge
is very low. Dense materials (i.e., lead, cadmium, etc.) provide the best
shielding against photon radiation.
Neutron radiation allows measurement of the hydrogen (water) content in a
material because the neutrons are slowed by collisions with materials
containing hydrogen atoms (for example: water, polyethylene, etc.).
Neutrons have no charge and are very penetrating.
Appendix C–2
RADIATION EXPOSURE
Government agencies set occupational exposure limits. The current limit in
the United States and in many other countries is 5,000 mrem per year.
Under average conditions, a full time employee working with the 3440
gauge will receive less than 200 mrem per year.
Taking advantage of all available means to limit radiation exposure is
always recommended. The three methods of limiting exposure are:
These methods are a part of the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably
Achievable) concept.
The simplest way to reduce exposure is to keep the time spent around
radioactive source to a minimum. If time is cut in half, so is the exposure,
with all other factors remaining constant.
Distance is another effective means to reduce radiation exposure. A
formula known as the “inverse square law” relates the radiation exposure
rate to distance (Figure C–1). Doubling the distance from a radiation
source reduces the exposure to one-fourth its original value. If the distance
is tripled, the exposure is reduced by a factor of nine, etc.
Figure C–1. Effect of Distance on Exposure
Shielding is any material used to reduce the radiation reaching the operator
from a radioactive source. While some types of radiation such as alpha
particles may be stopped by a single sheet of paper, other radiation such as
photons and neutrons require much more shielding. Dense materials, such
as lead, shield photons. Materials containing large amounts of hydrogen,
such as polyethylene, shield neutrons. The Model 3440 has built-in
shielding to reduce the exposure.
Model 3440
Appendix C–3
TIME
DISTANCE
SHIELDING
MONITORING RADIATION
In the United States, anyone working with or near radioactive materials is
subject to the limits on occupational exposure mentioned earlier and must
complete a radiation safety training course to be designated an authorized
operator. An individual designated as an authorized operator must work in
a “controlled” environment to the extent that their exposure to radiation
must be monitored. Several means of personnel monitoring or dosimetry
exist; the most common methods are film badges and thermoluminescent
dosimeter (TLD) badges.
In Canada, nuclear gauge operators are not normally classified as Atomic
Radiation Workers. In such cases, the general public dose limit of 0.5
rem/yr. would apply. Operators may not be required to wear a dosimeter.
To establish the personnel monitoring requirements for your application,
consult the conditions of your radioisotope license and the Atomic Energy
Control Board regulatory document R91 “Monitoring and Dose Recording
for the Individual”.
3440 RADIATION PROFILE
Table C–1 shows the radiation profile for the 3440 gauge. The table lists
the radiation dose equivalent rates (in mrem/hour) for each side of the
gauge and transport case shown in Figure C–2.
LEFT SIDE
TOP
BACK
LEFT SIDE
TOP
BACK
FRONT
FRONT
RIGHT SIDE
BOTTOM
TRANSPORT CASE
RIGHT SIDE
BOTTOM
GAUGE
Figure C–2. 3440 Gauge and Transport Case
Appendix C–4
Table C–1. Radiation Dose Equivalent Rates in Millirems per Hours
30
CENTIMETERS
Total
Gamma
Neutron
Total
Gamma
Neutron
Total
Gamma
Neutron
Total
1 METER
Neutron
10
CENTIMETERS
Gamma
SURFACE
Front
19.0
1.5
20.5
5.0
0.5
5.5
1.2
0.2
1.4
0.3
0.1
0.4
Back
18.0
0.8
18.8
6.0
0.4
6.4
1.5
0.2
1.7
0.2
0.1
0.3
Left Side
13.0
0.4
13.4
3.0
0.2
3.2
0.8
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2
Right Side
12.0
0.6
12.6
6.0
0.3
6.3
3.0
0.2
3.2
0.5
0.15 0.65
Top
19.0
0.9
19.9
3.5
0.6
4.1
0.6
0.4
1.0
0.15
0.1
0.25
Bottom
18.0
1.9
19.9
4.0
1.2
5.2
0.7
0.4
1.1
>
0.1
0.1
Front
8.0
0.3
8.3
3.0
0.25 3.25
1.1
0.15 1.25
0.3
>
0.3
Back
7.0
0.3
7.3
3.0
0.2
3.2
1.0
0.1
1.1
0.2
>
0.2
Left Side
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.3
>
0.3
0.2
>
0.2
0.2
>
0.2
Right Side
6.0
1.4
7.4
2.0
0.7
2.7
0.6
0.25 0.85
0.2
0.1
0.3
Top
13.0
0.2
13.2
3.0
0.15 3.15
0.9
>
0.9
0.3
>
0.3
Bottom
8.0
0.3
8.3
4.0
0.1
2.5
0.1
2.6
0.6
>
0.6
GAUGE
4.1
NOTES:
1.
Dose rates measured by the State of North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Radiation Protection.
2.
All values in mrem/hr.
3.
Indicates a reading of less than 0.1 mrem/hr.
4.
Dose equivalent rates for 0.3 GBq (8 mCi) Cs-137 gamma source and 1.48 GBq
(40 mCi) Am-241:Be neutron source
5.
Surface indicates surface of gauge or surface of transport case.
6.
Gamma measurements made with Ludlum Model 14C Survey Meter, calibrated
September 1987.
7.
Neutron measurements made with Nuclear Research Corporation Model NP-2
Survey Meter, calibrated March 1988.
Model 3440
Appendix C–5
TRANSPORT CASE
WITH GAUGE
SOURCE ENCAPSULATION
The source in the 3440 gauge meets regulatory requirements of U.S. and
international authorities as “Special Form” sealed source material. The
sealed sources used are encapsulated to prevent leakage of the radioactive
material and meet radiation safety requirements.
The neutron (americium-241:beryllium) and photon (cesium-137) sources
are compressed and welded inside stainless steel capsules.
Proper use of this instrument (following the instructions in this manual)
and the shielding design of the instrument will keep the exposure levels at
a minimum under normal conditions. The operator, however, may be
required to wear personnel dosimetry when using the 3440.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
If the nuclear gauge is lost or stolen, immediately notify the Radiation
Safety Officer (RSO).
The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on
the lines furnished below:
The company RSO is ________________________________________
Call the RSO at _____________________________________________
The regulatory agency is ______________________________________
Call the agency at ___________________________________________
If a gauge is damaged, then follow the steps below:
Locate the gauge and/or source.
Do not touch or move the gauge.
Immediately cordon off an area around the nuclear gauge and/or
source. A radius of 15 ft (5 m) will be sufficient. Do not leave the area
unattended.
Keep all unauthorized personnel away from the nuclear gauge.
Appendix C–6
If a vehicle is involved, it must be stopped until the extent of
contamination, if any, can be established.
The gauge operator should perform a visual inspection of the nuclear
gauge to determine if the source housing and/or shielding has been
damaged.
Use a survey meter to measure the dose rate at a distance of 3 ft (1 m)
from the gauge.
Contact the company RSO (name and number given at the beginning
of this section). Provide the RSO with the following:
The date, time, and location of the accident
♦
The gauge model and serial number
♦
The nature of the accident
♦
The location and condition of the gauge and/or source
♦
The dose rate at 3 ft (1 m) from the gauge
If you are unable to reach the RSO, then call your regulatory agency
(name and number given at the beginning of this section).
Follow the instructions of the RSO. The RSO may be required to
report the incident to the regulatory agency. The RSO may also be
required to notify the USDOT of accidents during transport.
Take a picture of the gauge. Perform a leak test and send the leak test
wipe to Troxler for analysis. The Troxler RSO will contact you and
give you an RGA (returned goods authorization). Do not ship a
damaged gauge to Troxler without an RGA.
Model 3440
Appendix C–7
♦
NOTES
Appendix C–8
APPENDIX D
LICENSING REQUIREMENTS
This licensing requirements outlined in this appendix apply to all Troxler
gauge operators in the United States. Operators of Troxler products outside
the U.S. should contact the Troxler International, Ltd. representative in
their area or the factory for more information on regulatory requirements.
CONTENTS
Specific License ......................................................................................D–2
Radiation Safety Program .......................................................................D–2
Personnel Monitoring..............................................................................D–2
Security ...................................................................................................D–2
Leak Test.................................................................................................D–3
Notice to Employees ...............................................................................D–3
Incidents ..................................................................................................D–3
Disposal...................................................................................................D–4
Record Keeping.......................................................................................D–4
Model 3440
Appendix D–1
D. LICENSING
Training...................................................................................................D–3
SPECIFIC LICENSE
Possession and use of the radioactive material found in a nuclear gauge
requires the operator to maintain a specific license issued by the United
States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or equivalent agreement state
licensing agency. Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. will provide
assistance and information for obtaining the necessary license.
RADIATION SAFETY PROGRAM
The specific license dictates that nuclear gauge operators maintain control
of the gauge in a manner to minimize radiation exposure to operators and
the general public. To determine the requirements applicable to your
operation, review both your licensing documents and the radiation safety
procedures accompanying your license application. The following
requirements are generally accepted by all licensing agencies in the U.S.
PERSONNEL MONITORING
Most licensing agencies do require personnel monitoring devices to be
worn by nuclear gauge operators. These devices record the actual radiation
to which the operator is exposed while operating the equipment. When the
equipment is not in use, the personnel monitoring device should be kept in
a radiation free area. The reports of radiation exposure supplied by the
personnel monitoring service must be maintained on file and available for
review by employees and the licensing agency. Contact Troxler or their
appointed representative for help in obtaining personnel monitoring
devices or radiation monitoring equipment.
SECURITY
Regulations further require that operators provide all necessary security to
prevent unauthorized use or removal of the gauge when in storage or in
transit. The transport case can be locked. A lock may be obtained from
Troxler (Part Number 12176). The gauge is supplied with a lock to secure
the source rod in the SAFE, shielded position.
Appendix D–2
TRAINING
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. continues to provide a one-day
training seminar for nuclear gauge operators and individuals designated as
Radiation Safety Officers. This class provides radiological physics
familiarization and instruction in the safety procedures required to operate
a nuclear gauge. Operators outside the U.S. should contact their Troxler
representative for training and assistance.
LEAK TEST
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
Figure D–1 on page D–6 is a reduced example of a “NOTICE TO
EMPLOYEES” (supplied by your licensing agency) that must be posted
where employees that use the gauge and others who may enter the gauge
storage area can see it. This notice must also be posted wherever and
whenever temporary gauge storage is necessary (in a trailer on the job site,
etc.). It is not required (or advisable) to post the notice on the outside of
any structure where it may be viewed by the general public.
INCIDENTS
If the gauge is removed from the custody of the licensee (i.e., lost, stolen,
etc.) or physically damaged to the extent that the source or shielding may
be or is compromised (open or danger), the licensee must notify the
licensing agency immediately. Call Troxler or your appointed
representative for further advice or assistance.
Model 3440
Appendix D–3
D. LICENSING
Unless specified otherwise by your radioactive material license, the gauge
must be leak tested at intervals not exceeding 12 months to ensure the
integrity of the radioactive sources contained in the gauge. First, make sure
the source rod is locked into the storage, or SAFE, position. Using the
Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit and accompanying instructions, remove
the control panel from the gauge front. Looking down into the gauge
interior locate the yellow radiation label in the middle of the gauge base
and on the top of the circuit board. Wipe the yellow label with the wipe
disk, using the tongs to hold the disk. Next, turn the gauge on one side and
locate the opening through which the source rod would protrude when
indexing. Wipe around and into this opening. Pack the disk, as instructed,
in the envelope and mail to Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. for
analysis. Reassemble the gauge and secure properly.
DISPOSAL
Regulations require that very strict methods be followed when disposing of
radioactive materials. For specific information concerning disposal costs
and available disposal sites, please contact the factory or your local Troxler
representative if outside of the United States. Generally, a Troxler gauge
may be transferred to another authorized licensee or returned to our factory
for final disposal.
RECORD KEEPING
In the United States, the following documentation should be maintained
and available for review by the licensing agency. (Outside the United
States, refer to your local licensing authority/agency or contact your
authorized Troxler representative).
1.
Radioactive Material License. A valid license must be on file and
should be periodically reviewed to ensure that all conditions are
current.
2.
Troxler Training Certificate. A certificate of attendance at a Troxler
Training Course is required by each operator.
3.
Regulations. A copy of the regulations furnished by your licensing
agency should be maintained as part of your records.
4.
Leak Test Report. As a means of verification of compliance with
current regulations, a copy of each Leak Test Report for each gauge in
your possession must be on file. (It is also a good idea to make a note
when Leak Tests are performed and sent. If you are inspected before
test results are returned, you have de facto (existing) proof of
compliance.)
5.
Personnel Monitoring Report. A copy of each personnel monitoring
report must be maintained in your files. This report must contain the
wearer’s name, social security number, date of birth, and actual
exposure received.
6.
Inventory, Receipt, and Transfer Records. A log to show gauge
location should be maintained. Whenever a gauge is removed from a
permanent to a temporary location, it should be noted on the log.
When removed from a temporary site, a log should show where the
gauge is being used. Operators should be required to sign out when
removing gauges and sign in when returning them. The licensee is
required to know where each gauge is at all times.
Appendix D–4
7.
Gauge Certificate. New gauges are shipped with a gauge certificate
denoting the radioactive material used in the gauge. The original
gauge certificate should be on file and a copy carried with the gauge at
all times.
8.
Transport Package Certification. The regulations require that each
shipper of a (Specification 7A) Type A package “must maintain on file
for at least one year after the latest shipment” testing methods and
results for the Type A package. Troxler has provided this document,
entitled “Testing Results for Type A Package for the 3440...” with the
3440 documentation.
9.
Transportation – Bill of Lading. U.S. DOT regulations require
properly prepared shipping documents when transporting a gauge (see
Appendix E).
10. Emergency Procedures. The telephone number of the licensing
agency and procedures for reporting incidents should be kept on file
for the convenience of concerned personnel.
11. Notice to Employees Poster. A copy of this notice should be on file.
A facsimile of this notice is on page D–6. For display requirements,
see the Notice to Employees section on page D–3.
D. LICENSING
Model 3440
Appendix D–5
Figure D–1. Sample Notice to Employees
Appendix D–6
APPENDIX E
TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING
Devices containing radioactive materials must be transported in accordance
with the rules of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The IAEA recommendations
have been codified in the International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Dangerous Goods Regulations. International customers should consult
their local government or licensing authority for applicable regulations.
CONTENTS
U.S. Requirements .................................................................................. E–2
Accident Notification Requirements................................................ E–3
Hazmat Training .............................................................................. E–3
Canadian Shipping Requirements ........................................................... E–4
E. TRANSPORTATION
Model 3440
Appendix E–1
U.S. REQUIREMENTS
The U.S. DOT hazmat regulations (49 CFR, Parts 100–185) apply any time
a nuclear device is transported by motor vehicle on a public highway or by
other means of transport (rail, air, ship).
The major requirements for transporting a nuclear gauge in the United
States are listed below. For more detailed information about these
requirements, please refer to the Troxler Transportation Guide.
♦
A copy of the current IAEA Certificate of Competent Authority for
each source in the gauge (Special Form Certificate) must be kept on
file. Current versions can be downloaded from the Troxler website,
www.troxlerlabs.com.
♦
A copy of the results of the Type A package testing must be kept on
file.
♦
Hazmat employee training records must be kept on file.
♦
An Emergency Response Information document must be in the vehicle
and immediately accessible to the driver.
♦
A properly completed bill of lading must be in the vehicle and
immediately accessible to the driver. The shipping papers must include
a 24-hr emergency response phone number.
♦
If shipping by air, a Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods must
accompany the air waybill.
♦
The package must be properly marked and labeled in accordance with
hazmat regulations.
♦
The package must have a tamper-evident seal.
♦
The package must be inspected prior to each shipment.
♦
The package must be securely blocked and braced in the vehicle to
prevent shifting during transport.
Appendix E–2
ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
In the event of a reportable incident involving radioactive material, notify
the licensing agency as soon as practical. The operator is also required to
notify, at the earliest practical moment, the U.S. DOT at 1-800-424-8802
of an accident that occurs during the course of transportation (including
loading, unloading, and temporary storage) in which fire, breakage,
spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of
radioactive materials.
HAZMAT TRAINING
The U.S. DOT regulations require every hazmat employer to train, test,
certify, and maintain records for each hazmat employee. Hazmat training
applies to anyone who transports or prepares for transport radioactive
materials. Refresher training is required every three years.
E. TRANSPORTATION
Model 3440
Appendix E–3
CANADIAN SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS
The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations (TDG) and
Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations (TPRM) apply
any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in
Canada.
For training and accident notification requirements, consult the
Transportation Of Dangerous Goods Regulations. For further information
on transporting a nuclear device, contact the transportation section of The
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC).
Appendix E–4
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
This appendix contains important information for maintaining and
servicing the 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. The following
procedures should be performed to keep the 3440 gauge in working order.
In the event that a serious problem with the gauge arises, contact your
nearest Troxler Service Center or Troxler representative for instructions.
CONTENTS
Batteries .................................................................................................. F–2
Alkaline Battery Use........................................................................ F–2
Mechanical Maintenance......................................................................... F–4
Sources............................................................................................. F–4
Inspecting Source Rod ..................................................................... F–4
Cleaning the Tungsten Sliding Block............................................... F–4
Scraper Ring/Tungsten Sliding Block Maintenance ........................ F–5
Gaskets............................................................................................. F–7
3440 Gauge Top Shell...................................................................... F–8
Electronic Maintenance........................................................................... F–9
3440 Baseboard Assembly............................................................... F–9
Troubleshooting ............................................................................. F–10
Possible Malfunction Indicators..................................................... F–14
Error Messages............................................................................... F–15
Replacement Parts................................................................................. F–16
Accessories .................................................................................... F–26
Optional Accessories...................................................................... F–26
Maintenance Supplies .................................................................... F–26
Returning a Gauge for Service .............................................................. F–27
Model 3440
Appendix F–1
F. PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
APPENDIX F
BATTERIES
The 3440 gauge constantly updates the battery condition. Depending on
operator preference, either the hours remaining or the battery voltage will
be displayed. A fully charged battery will last approximately eight weeks
under normal working conditions (eight-hour days) before recharging is
necessary.
A low battery condition is indicated by the following display:
READY mm/dd/yyyy
Depth: xxxx
Time: x.xx min
<Batteries low!>
When this display appears, the battery must be recharged within a few
hours. For best results, perform a full recharge with the ac charger. To
access the charger port, unscrew the two captive screws that attach the
black access cover to the front panel. Plug the charger into the round plug
under the access cover. Plug the other end of the charger into a standard
110 V ac wall outlet. For a full charge, recharge the gauge for at least
sixteen hours.
If necessary, for emergency use, a 30-minute recharge with the dc or ac
charger provides several hours of use. After a short recharge time, the
battery life display may not always indicate an accurate update of the
battery-life. Only a full sixteen-hour recharge will reset the battery life
indicator.
NOTE
For more information on updating or resetting the battery
monitor, refer to page 6–27.
Although batteries cannot be “overcharged”, rechargeable batteries have a
memory and repeated needless charging will shorten the battery life. Do
not recharge batteries unless the battery indicator signals a low battery.
ALKALINE BATTERY USE
If recharging is not an option, alkaline batteries may be used. An accessory
battery case assembly (PN 104148) is available as an option.
CAUTION
Do not mix alkaline and rechargeable batteries in the
gauge. Charging may cause alkaline batteries to explode!
Appendix F–2
For gauge serial numbers below 21675, the High Voltage Module must be
discharged before replacing the battery packs, as described in the following
paragraphs.
To replace the battery packs, first turn the gauge off. Remove the display
panel assembly and unplug it from the gauge. Press the high voltage
discharge switch located on the baseboard. The battery leads are red and
black, and are connected to white plugs on the left side of the baseboard.
Unplug both battery leads and the depth indicator strip’s clear leads in
order to prevent possible damage.
Remove the screws holding the battery packs in place and slide the packs
toward the baseboard. Lift out the battery packs and replace with the
alkaline packs. Reverse the procedure for connecting all the leads and
reinstalling the display panel. Remember to plug the depth indicator
strip leads and battery packs back in.
For Serial Numbers 21675 and Above
For gauge serial numbers 21675 and above, there is no longer a need to
discharge any high voltage.
To replace the battery packs, first turn the gauge off. Then, remove the
display panel assembly by loosening the four captive screws on the display
panel. Third, disconnect the ribbon cable from the baseboard. The ribbon
cable connection is a locking release. To disconnect, pull the levers on
either side of the ribbon down. After disconnecting the ribbon cable,
remove the four screws that attach the top shell to the gauge base and
suspend the top shell from the handle.
After noting the polarity of the connections, disconnect the battery packs
(located on either side of the post). The connectors are white plugs with red
and black wires. Remove the battery pack screws closest to the baseboard
(right) for each battery pack. To remove each battery pack, slide the pack
forward and lift up.
Replace each battery pack by sliding a new pack beneath the left screw and
washer. Replace the right screw for each battery pack. With the same
polarity as noted previously, connect the battery packs to the baseboard.
Replace the top shell. Be careful not to over-tighten the screws. Also, be
sure to tighten them evenly to prevent warping of the top shell.
Reconnect the ribbon cable to the baseboard assembly and replace the
front panel assembly.
Model 3440
Appendix F–3
For Serial Numbers Below 21675
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE
SOURCES
The 3440 gauge contains two radioactive sources. The americium241:beryllium source in the center of the gauge base is small and shielding
is not required. Never attempt to remove this source. The Cs-137 source is
welded inside the tip of the source rod. In the SAFE or shielded position,
the Cs-137 source is surrounded by tungsten, reducing the radiation to safe
levels.
INSPECTING SOURCE ROD
To ensure the integrity of the source rod, Troxler recommends that a
qualified Troxler service person inspect the gauge and the source rod at
least every five years. This inspection includes checking for wear,
corrosion, or damage that could affect the safety of gauge operation.
CLEANING THE TUNGSTEN SLIDING BLOCK
If the sliding block is not kept clean, it may stick partially or completely
open when the source rod is raised to the SAFE (shielded) position. This
will result in high radiation levels near or in line with the source rod
opening on the bottom of the gauge. After cleaning and re-assembling the
gauge, check the operation of the sliding block by pushing the source rod
into the backscatter position and then raising it back to the shielded
position. You should hear a click as the sliding block snaps shut. Inspect
the opening on the base of the gauge to confirm that the sliding block is
completely closed. If not, check that the spring was properly reinstalled
after cleaning. If the sliding block still does not close completely, contact
your nearest Troxler Service Center immediately.
WARNING
Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding
block is completely closed. Increased radiation levels may
violate transportation regulations, and may cause
excessive personnel radiation exposure.
Appendix F–4
Maintenance of the scraper ring or tungsten sliding block may
be required if the following problems are encountered while
using the gauge:
♦
Difficulty in lowering or raising the source rod (may indicate a need to
replace the scraper ring).
♦
No “click” is heard from the tungsten sliding block striking the back of
the shield cavity when the source rod is raised to the “safe” position.
♦
Erratic or incorrect density standard counts.
WARNING
Routine maintenance to clean the cavity beneath the
source requires removal of the bottom sliding block.
ALWAYS wear safety glasses and a dosimeter.
Procedure – Scraper Ring/Tungsten Sliding Block Maintenance
1.
With the source rod in the SAFE position, place gauge on its side.
2.
Clean the heads of the four screws to make removal easier and to
prevent the screw heads from stripping.
3.
Using a screwdriver, remove the bottom plate. Replace if excessive
wear is evident on the back of the bottom plate.
4.
If a large amount of dirt has accumulated on the backside of the
bottom plate, the scraper ring has become excessively worn and
should be replaced. Replace the scraper ring by first removing the
retaining ring with a small screwdriver or scribe (Figure F–1).
Carefully remove the scraper ring. Clean the entire plate of any debris.
Install the new scraper ring and replace the retaining ring.
Figure F–1. Retaining and Scraper Rings
Model 3440
Appendix F–5
SCRAPER RING/TUNGSTEN SLIDING BLOCK MAINTENANCE
5.
Remove the sliding tungsten shield. To reduce exposure when
removing the shield, Troxler recommends that the operator stand to
the side of the gauge. With a steel brush or rag, remove as much dirt as
possible from the cavity.
6.
Clean the sliding tungsten block. Replace the sliding block with the
angled side up. If installed incorrectly, the source rod will not extend
into the measurement position.
7.
Apply a light coating of Magnalube-G® paste to the top angled
surface of the block. Do not grease any other surfaces on the sliding
block or in the sliding block area. Remove any excess lubricant.
8.
Replace the bottom plate. Do not over-tighten screws in the
aluminum base. Ensure that the source rod moves up and
down freely.
Procedure – Source Rod Bearing Maintenance
If the source rod does not slide up and down freely, the source rod bearing
may require lubrication and cleaning. Lubricate the source rod bearing with
Magnalube-G paste.
NOTE
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. assumes no
responsibility for bearing life if lubricants other than
Magnalube-G are used.
1.
Carefully remove the gauge top shell by first removing the four 7/64inch head screws. Tie the top shell to the source/index rod.
2.
To catch any grease, place a rag or cloth under the vent valve located
below the grease fitting on the source rod tower.
3.
Using a standard 16-oz. grease gun with a Magnalube-G cartridge,
apply five shots of lubricant or until all dirty grease is ejected from the
vent valve and clean grease is visible.
NOTE
The vent valve was not installed on earlier gauges. Instead, an
Allen-head screw was located below the grease fitting. On
these gauges, remove the Allen-head screw before applying
lubricant to allow the old grease to be ejected. Failure to
remove the Allen-head screw may result in severe mechanical
damage to the base assembly.
4.
Remove any grease that was ejected. Reseat the top shell taking care
to properly seat the post gasket and replace the screws. Do not overtighten the screws.
Appendix F–6
Four gaskets seal the gauge from the environment. If the gauge has been
out in extremely wet or humid weather, or was used in a cold environment
and stored in a heated space, condensation may form on the inside of the
gauge. Normally, this is not a problem and the condensation will dissipate
overnight.
However, after using the gauge in any of the above conditions, it is
recommended that the display panel be removed to allow air to circulate
inside the gauge. Placing the gauge in a humidity-controlled or airconditioned room and loosening the display panel screws will allow the
gauge to “breathe”, reducing any moisture accumulation. A hair dryer (on
low heat) may also be used to dry out the inside of the gauge.
CAUTION
High moisture levels inside the gauge may result in
damage to the electronics, as well as erratic or fluctuating
moisture readings.
NOTE
All gaskets may be replaced without removing the sources
from the gauge.
To replace the control panel gasket, loosen the four screws and remove the
control panel. Use care in handling the panel, trying not to touch the back
of the circuit board. Unplug the connector from the keypad/display and
remove the panel completely. Remove the old gasket and install a new
gasket. Reassemble the connectors and panel.
To replace the two post gaskets and the top shell gasket, remove the four
screws that hold the top shell to the base. Lift up the base, remove the
gasket in question, and replace with a new gasket. A light coating of
talcum powder on the inside of the post gasket will aid in re-assembly.
Model 3440
Appendix F–7
GASKETS
3440 GAUGE TOP SHELL
Currently, the 3440 gauge top shell is manufactured from an engineering
thermoplastic designed specifically to provide high impact strength and to
offer excellent compatibility with many industrial solvents and petrochemicals. The top shell may be cleaned with mild (low alkaline) soap and
water. Other approved cleaning substances include: methyl, isopropyl, or
isobutyl alcohols. A cloth dampened with kerosene or diesel fuel may be
used to remove heavy soils. Avoid prolonged exposure and do not soak.
CAUTION
The use of any unapproved cleaning agents such as
methyl-ethyl-ketones, amines, and methylene chloride will
damage the top shell and void the warranty.
NOTE
In the past, the top shell was not compatible with
petrochemicals. Your top shell is compatible with
petrochemicals only if, upon removal of the keypad, there is a
ridge around the exposed opening. If not, use only a mild soap
(such as 409™ or Fantastic™) or alcohols (such as methyl or
isopropyl) to clean the top shell.
Appendix F–8
CAUTION
To avoid electrical shock and/or damage to the 3440
gauge components, turn off the gauge before servicing
any electronic component.
NOTE
Electronic maintenance is to be done by Troxler Qualified
Service personnel only. See page F–27 for information on
returning a gauge to Troxler.
3440 BASEBOARD ASSEMBLY
Figure F–2 shows the 3440 baseboard assembly with any parts requiring
general electronic maintenance labeled for the operator’s reference.
Figure F–2. 3440 Baseboard Assembly
Model 3440
Appendix F–9
ELECTRONIC MAINTENANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING
GAUGE FAILS STANDARD COUNTS
Ensure that the source rod opening on the gauge bottom is completely
closed or covered by the tungsten sliding block. If any opening is
visible, the sliding block should be cleaned. If the sliding block still
does not close completely, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center.
NO DENSITY READING
The most likely reason for no density readings is an electronic
problem, such as a failure of the detector preamplifier. However, as a
precaution, ensure that the tip of the source rod is intact and
undamaged (that is, the source is not missing). This can be done by
checking the radiation levels at the gauge base surface with a radiation
survey meter (without extending the source rod). A maximum reading
of 10-20 mrem/hr is normal, and indicates the source is present.
However, if the maximum reading is less than 1 mrem/hr or if a survey
meter is not available, perform a visual inspection of the source rod tip
as follows to confirm its integrity:
1.
Extend the source rod just far enough to see the source rod tip.
The tip should appear flat to slightly rounded and smooth.
2.
Stay at least 3 ft (1 m) away from the tip of the unshielded source
rod and complete the inspection as quickly as possible to
minimize exposure (the dose rate at 3 ft from the unshielded
source is about 2.7 mrem/hr).
If the visual inspection indicates the source rod tip is broken off
(source is missing):
1.
Immediately contact your Radiation Safety Officer (RSO).
2.
Initiate a search for the source starting at the location where the
gauge was last used.
3.
Report lost or missing radioactive sources to your state or federal
radiation control agency in accordance with applicable regulatory
requirements.
4.
Contact the Troxler Radiation Safety Department for further
advice.
Appendix F–10
If taking readings in the backscatter position, ensure the source rod is
properly locked in the notch and not resting on the test material.
Check the inside of the gauge for moisture. To dry the gauge interior,
remove the keypad. If necessary, use a hair dryer (on low heat) to
circulate warm air for one to three hours.
Remove any foreign objects from inside the gauge.
Ensure the hardware mounting screws are tight and in place.
Check count time – A 4-minute count will give the best precision with
a repeatability of ± 1 pcf.
Erratic density readings may be caused by a dirty sliding block. Clean
the sliding block.
Perform a statistical stability (stat) test. If test passes, proceed with
job. If test fails, repeat two more times. If test fails two out of three
times, contact Troxler Service.
GAUGE MEASUREMENTS ARE UNSTABLE; TUBES TEST
OKAY
Possible High Voltage Module or baseboard malfunction.
GAUGE TURNS OFF AFTER IT IS TURNED ON, OR WILL NOT
TURN ON
The gauge automatically turns off after five hours if no keys are
pressed. Try to turn the gauge on again.
Gauge may be wet. If the gauge is wet, dry the gauge interior with hair
dryer (on low heat) for three hours. Do not turn gauge on until
moisture is removed from the gauge interior or serious damage of
electronic components may result!
Batteries are below 6.0 V dc. Recharge or replace batteries.
Model 3440
Appendix F–11
GAUGE READINGS APPEAR ERRATIC
NON-FUNCTIONING DEPTH INDICATOR
Possible CPU Board malfunction or defective indicating strip. Use
manual override or recalibrate depth indicator.
GAUGE INDICATES SHORT BATTERY LIFE AFTER
RECHARGING
NiCad batteries may be charged up to 100 full charge/discharge
cycles. Batteries may be reaching end of life cycle-replace.
Charger/adapter may not be supplying the full voltage to the batteries;
check the ac outlet and the dc output (12 V dc).
Check that you are using the correct charger.
The ac charger may be defective. To check, use the dc charger to
charge the batteries.
Remove any loose screws or foreign objects from the gauge interior
that may cause an electrical short to ground.
CPU or baseboard malfunction.
BATTERY LIFE HOURS ARE INCORRECT
Charge the gauge overnight (16 hours).
Check battery voltage. If battery voltage is equal or greater than 7.0
volts, manually enter the correct hour value. With a new gauge after a
full 16-hour charge, enter a battery life of 200. With age the battery
life will decrease, so enter 200 hours and monitor the gauge until
<Batteries low!> is displayed. After the next recharge, enter the new
battery life (200 - battery low life). The operator may leave the gauge
in voltage mode for future reference. If battery voltage is less than 7.0
volts, change the mode to the elapsed time since last charge. Monitor
gauge until <Batteries low!> is displayed. If the time is too low (less
than 16 hours), replace the batteries.
Appendix F–12
Check for proper baud rate.
Check printer.
Check cable and connectors.
Check CPU jumper configuration and cable pins 2 and 3. Also,
possible CPU Board malfunction.
COUNTS ARE SATISFACTORY, BUT RESULTS ARE IN ERROR
Ensure the measurement depth corresponds to the actual source rod
depth.
Check the calibration constants.
Check to see if an offset (density, moisture, trench, or special) is
enabled.
Ensure the standard counts are correct.
GARBAGE OR “+++++” IS DISPLAYED
Check the standard counts in memory. If the standard counts are
suspect, perform new standard counts. If counts equal zero for both
systems, replace high voltage board (contact the Service Department).
Check gauge for water damage. If the gauge is wet, dry the gauge
interior with hair dryer (on low heat) for 3 hours.
Check the calibration constants. They should match the constants on
your calibration data sheet if your calibration sheet is in metric units.
Refer to the Calibration Constants section on page 7–6 to determine if
your calibration sheet is metric and, if not, for instructions on
converting B and F values from metric to English units.
If necessary, perform a statistical stability test, record the results and
call Customer Service.
Model 3440
Appendix F–13
RS-232 PORT DOES NOT FUNCTION CORRECTLY
POSSIBLE MALFUNCTION INDICATORS
CPU Board
Display malfunctions
No keypad response
RAM test fails
Batteries do not recharge
Battery Low indicator does not
function correctly
Keyboard test fails with front
panel disconnected from CPU
Board
Gauge does not access plug-in
option module or does not
function properly with module
plugged in (if option module is
functioning correctly)
Preamp Board
No moisture or density counts
Batteries do not recharge
Gauge fails tube test
Fuse blows repeatedly
Gauge fails stability or drift test
High Voltage Module
No moisture or density counts
Moisture or density counts are unstable
Batteries discharge prematurely
Gauge fails stability or drift test
Appendix F–14
Display test fails
Gauge does not turn Off
Beeper stops (or is erratic)
Gauge does not turn On when
charger is connected.
Auto depth indicator, battery low,
and gauge automatic shutdown do
not function properly.
When first turned on, the 3440 gauge enters a Self-Test phase to check the
internal systems for proper operation. If a fault is encountered during this
internal systems check, an error message is displayed.
The following error messages may be encountered in normal day-to-day
operation. These errors can usually be corrected if the operator takes
proper action.
Error Message
Corrective Action
Error #6 – Data Previously stored.
Error #7 – No serial device
connected!
Take another reading before
storing.
Check cables, connectors &
printer.
Error #8 – Illegal baud rate!
Re-enter another baud rate.
(No Error #)
Time to reach precision too high!
Re-enter lower precision value.
(No Error #)
Invalid Depth!
Change rod depth.
The following errors are not operator serviceable. Contact your Troxler
Service Department for more information.
Error #1 - Data NVRAM test error!
Error #2 - Key Pad test error!
Error #3 - GM Tube test error!
Error #4 - Helium Tube test error!
Error #5 - Display test error!
Model 3440
Appendix F–15
ERROR MESSAGES
REPLACEMENT PARTS
Figure F–3. 3440 Gauge Assembly (Sheet 1 of 2)
Appendix F–16
Figure F–3. 3440 Gauge Assembly (Sheet 2 of 2)
Model 3440
Appendix F–17
Table F–1. 3440 Gauge Assembly Parts
Match the reference number (Ref #) with the correct part in Figure F–3 on
the two previous pages.
Ref #
Part Number
Description
Qty
1
000212.4201
Screw, 4-40 × 3/4 S.H.C. SS
4
3
000408.1431
Screw, #8 × 1/2 PH Phil SS Type B
3
4
104149
3440 Battery Assembly
2
5
100528.2000
Screw, Captive
2
6
108330
3440/3430 Preamp Assembly
1
7
102070
3400 Heat Shield
2
8
102071
End Protector
2
9
102074
3400 Filter
1
11
107413
Lead Disk
1
12
106368
Gasket, Top Cover
1
14
107415
Radiation Label
1
16
000025.1026
Bushing, #10 x 0.250D x 0.187L Nylon
2
17
000001.0601
Washer, #6 Internal Lock SS
4
18
000610.1430
Screw, 10 x 5/8 PH Phil Type E
2
20
100989
Gasket - Molded for Base Post
1
21
106068
Topshell, 3440/3440
1
22
108329
3440 Nameplate
1
23
104122
Radiation Label
1
24
000900.0621
Screw, #4 (.114 Dia.) x 3/16" Drive
8
26
000310.4891
Screw, 6-32 x 5/8 SHCS w/ Insert
4
27
101603.1010
Roll Pin, 3/32 Dia. x 5/8 L
1
29
108335
3440 Front Panel Assembly
1
30
104130
Plunger Block
1
31
104106.1200
Depth Indicating Strip, 12-inch
1
104106.0800
Depth Indicating Strip, 8-inch
1
Appendix F–18
Ref #
Part Number
Description
Qty
Match 3440 Base Mechanics to Part Numbers Shown
32
105341.0801
3440 Base Mechanical Assembly 8-1
(For 104125.0801)
1
105341.0802
(For 104125.0802)
1
105341.1201
(For 104125.1201)
1
105341.1202
(For 104125.1202)
1
105341.1235
3440 Base Mechanical Assembly 12-3-5
(For 104125.1235)
1
34
108334
Assembly, Preamp Cover Box
1
35
000206.1400
Screw, 4-40 x 3/8 PHMS Phil
4
36
000001.0401
4
37
106340
Gasket, Depth Strip Hole
1
38
102662
Scaler Label (3401-3411)
1
39
000001.0801
3
40
103484
Reference Standard Assembly (3400)
1
41
106367
Gasket, Tower Flat
1
42
107414
Source Spacer
1
43
108346
Gasket Bracket, Front
1
44
108347
Label, Caution
1
Model 3440
Appendix F–19
Table F–1. 3440 Gauge Assembly Parts (Continued)
Figure F–4. 3440 Base Mechanical Assembly
5
1
3
2
4
6
Figure F–5. 3440 Source Rod Handle Assembly
Appendix F–20
7 8
the opposite page.
Ref #
Part Number
Description
Qty
1
105256
3400 Base Machining
1
2
100996
3400 Sliding Block
1
3
102351
3400 Round Bioshield
1
4
105264
3400 Bottom Plate Assembly
1
5
102069.1000
2400/3400 Wiper Cap
1
6
104594
Source Rod Bearing
2
7
107412
Source Cap
1
8
102399
3400 Shield Spring LC-055H-6
1
9
000608.1101
Screw, 10-32 x 1/2 FHMS Phil SS
4
10
012752
Seal, Wiper (V.S. S-35-14)
1
11
012759
Seal, Oil ID 5/8" #6204
2
13
013200
Fitting, 3/16 Grease w/ Serrated Shank
1
14
001006.4090
Screw, 5/16-18 x 3/8 Set Knurl
3
15
101603.0510
3/32 Dia. x 5/16 L. Roll Pin
16
012789
Magnalube-G Lubricant 14.5 oz
17
105239
Baseplate Gasket
18
018127.0001
Loctite, 242
19
105309
Spring Guide
2
.01
1
.001
1
Table F–3. 3440 Source Rod Handle Assembly Parts
the opposite page.
Ref #
1
Part Number
Description
Qty
104556
Gauge Handle 3440
1
2
104553
3400 Plunger
1
3
105108
Trigger
1
4
012200
Spring, Lee #LC-0242G-7
1
5
101604.1610
Roll Pin, 1/8 Dia. x 1"
1
6
012779.3000
Plug, Heyco Cap. #2643, Black
1
7
000824.4800
Screw, 1/4 - 20 x 1-1/2 Soc. HD Cap
8
018127.0001
Loctite 242
Model 3440
1
.005
Appendix F–21
Table F–2. 3440 Base Mechanical Assembly Parts
Figure F–6. 3440 Preamplifier Assembly
Appendix F–22
the opposite page.
Ref #
Part Number
Description
Qty
1
107903
Assembly, Preamp Baseboard
2
107164
Assembly, High Voltage Board
1
3
000923.2442
Spacer, 4-40 x .75 M/F
4
4
018127.0001
Loctite 242
5
108328
Preamp Mechanical Assembly
1
6
104136
Interface PC Board Bracket
1
7
000206.1400
Screw, 4-40 x 3/8 PHMS Phil
2
8
104098
G-M Tube Interface PCB Assembly
1
1
.001
9
100156
G-M Tube
2
10
000001.1001
1
11
000204.1400
Screw, 4-40 x 1/4 PHMS Phil SS
8
12
000001.0401
10
13
104094.0001
900 V dc Moisture Tube Assembly
1
14
000001.0601
2
15
000306.1401
2
16
107854
G-M Tube Holder
1
17
103540
Modified Tube Clamp
1
18
000604.1400
Screw, 10-32 x 1/4 PHMS Phil SZ
1
19
102119
7M Tube Pad
1
Model 3440
Appendix F–23
Table F–4. 3440 Preamplifier Assembly Parts
Figure F–7. 3440 Front Panel Assembly
Appendix F–24
the opposite page.
Ref #
1
Part Number
Description
Qty
108331
Ground Plate, CPU PC Board
1
2
104184.1000
Cover Plate Assembly
1
3
000204.1400
Screw, 4-40 × 1/4 PHMS Phil SS
3
4
107947
EMI Gasket 3440
1
5
000001.0401
7
6
104115
3440 Overlay
1
7
104134
3440 Front Panel
1
8
106369
Front Panel Gasket
1
9
107893
3440 CPU PCB Assembly
1
10
000923.0842
Spacer, 4-40 × 1/4 Lg. M/F Hex
5
11
102888
Cable, 3400-B Series
1
12
108314.0001
Ferrite Split Half
2
13
000202.1400
Screw, 4-40 × 1/8 PHMS Phil SZP
1
14
106856
Clamp, Grounding
1
15
018128.0001
Loctite 290 Wick & Seal
16
000203.1401
5
17
000011.0401
Washer, #4 Flat SS 5/16 OD
1
18
108314.1001
End Cap for Ferrite Split Half
2
Model 3440
.001
Appendix F–25
Table F–5. 3440 Front Panel Assembly Parts
NOTE
The following parts are not shown in the previous figures.
ACCESSORIES
Part Number
110403
104156
100421
102111
103484
103680.1000
106875.0002
106875.0004
106875.0008
106875.0010
106875.0012
103623.3440
104279
104337
Description
AC Adapter, 12 V CE
DC Charger
Drill Rod
Scraper Plate (Drill Rod Guide)
Standard Assy (3400) (Reference Standard Block)
Extraction Tool
Concrete Adapter 3400 2” w/Acc.
3440 Shipping Case/Carton Assy
3440 Instruction Manual
3440 Reference Card
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
Part Number
104148
102868
102876.0005
102873
109661
021140
104122
104661.1000
104324.1000
104340
104341
104334.1000
104719
Description
Accessory Battery Case Assembly
Leak Test Kit w/4 packets
Leak Test Packet (4 units)
1 oz. solution detergent
Survey Meter
Radiation Sign Kit
Radiation Label
Print Pkg. 3440
Cable, (Weigh-Tronix®) Printer-to-Gauge (M/M)
3440 Printer
3440 Printer Battery Pack
Cable, PC-to-Gauge (FEM/MAL)
Interfacing PGM Disk/Manual
MAINTENANCE SUPPLIES
Part Number
012786
012789
100761
Appendix F–26
Description
Lubricant Magnalube-G Paste 1 lb. Can
Lubricant Magnalube-G 14.5 oz.
Source Rod Pig
All shipments within the U.S. to the factory must comply with 49 CFR (see
Appendix E). Items returned for service must be accompanied by a
Returned Good Authorization (RGA) number, and a description of the
instrument and its problem. This information is used by Troxler shipping
and service personnel to expedite the repair work.
To obtain an RGA number, please call or fax the factory with your request.
Please have the following information available when calling or faxing
Troxler for an RGA number:
♦
System model and serial number.
♦
Part number/serial number (if applicable).
♦
Is system still under warranty?
♦
Problem or difficulty you are having with the instrument.
♦
Shipment method to Troxler and for return shipment.
♦
Shipping and billing address (not P.O. Box) - street address and zip.
♦
Phone number/contact (for questions from Troxler).
♦
Will estimate be required prior to performing any work on the system?
♦
Payment method: credit card, account number, or purchase order
number. All government agencies (city, county, state, and federal)
must send purchase order numbers.
NOTE
To prevent order duplication, if an order has been placed by
telephone, please write “Confirming Order” on any follow-up
written requests.
NOTE
Returning a 3440 gauge requires special handling and
shipping procedures. Follow the instructions in Appendix E.
Please contact a Troxler Sales Support or Service
Representative with any questions.
Model 3440
Appendix F–27
RETURNING A GAUGE FOR SERVICE
NOTES
Appendix F–28
APPENDIX G
3440 SPECIFICATIONS
This appendix contains measurement and gauge specifications for the 3440
gauge.
Measurement Specifications ...................................................................G–2
U.S. Customary Units ......................................................................G–2
SI Units ............................................................................................G–2
Calibration Specifications .......................................................................G–3
Radiological Specifications.....................................................................G–3
Memory Specifications ...........................................................................G–3
Electrical Specifications..........................................................................G–4
Mechanical Specifications.......................................................................G–5
Model 3440
Appendix G–1
G. 3440 SPECIFICATIONS
CONTENTS
MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS
Direct Transmission, 6 inches
Precision at 125 pcf
Composition error at 125 pcf
Surface error (0.05 in., 100% void)
15 sec.
1 min.
4 min.
±0.42 pcf
±1.25 pcf
–1.06 pcf
±0.21 pcf
±1.25 pcf
–1.06 pcf
±0.11 pcf
±1.25 pcf
–1.06 pcf
±1.00 pcf
±2.50 pcf
–4.68 pcf
±0.50 pcf
±2.50 pcf
–4.68 pcf
±0.25 pcf
±2.50 pcf
–4.68 pcf
±0.64 pcf
–1.12 pcf
±0.32 pcf
–1.12 pcf
±0.16 pcf
–1.12 pcf
1 min.
4 min.
Backscatter Density, (98%) 4 inches
Precision at 125 pcf
Composition error at 125
Moisture
Precision at 15 pcf
Depth of measurement at 15 pcf – 8.5 inches
SI UNITS
Direct Transmission, (150 mm)
Precision at 2000 kg/m3
Composition error at 2000 kg/m3
Surface error (1.25 mm, 100% void)
15 sec.
±6.8 kg/m3
±20.0 kg/m3
–17.0 kg/m3
±3.4 kg/m3
±20.0 kg/m3
–17.0 kg/m3
±1.7 kg/m3
±20.0 kg/m3
–17.0 kg/m3
±16.0 kg/m3
±40.0 kg/m3
–75.0 kg/m3
±8.0 kg/m3
±40.0 kg/m3
–75.0 kg/m3
±4.0 kg/m3
±40.0 kg/m3
–75.0 kg/m3
±10.0 kg/m3
–18.0 kg/m3
±5.0 kg/m3
–18.0 kg/m3
±2.5 kg/m3
–18.0 kg/m3
Backscatter Density, (98%) 100mm
Composition error at 2000 kg/m3
Moisture
Depth of measurement at 240 kg/m3 – 215 mm
Appendix G–2
CALIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS
Uncertainty of density standards:
Uncertainty of moisture standards:
Calibration standards range
Density:
Moisture:
Gauge operational range
Density:
Moisture:
±0.2%
±2.0%
109 – 165 pcf (1750 – 2640 kg/m3)
0 – 40 pcf (0 – 640 kg/m3)
70 – 170 pcf (1100 – 2700kg/m3)
0 – 40 pcf (0 – 640 kg/m3)
RADIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Gamma source
Neutron source
Source housing
Shielding
Surface dose rates
Source rod material
Shipping case
Certificates of Competent
Authority
Registry of Radioactive Sealed
Sources and Devices
0.3 ± 10% GBq (8 ± 10% mCi) Cs-137
1.48 GBq 10% (40 ± 10% mCi)
Am-241:Be
Stainless steel, encapsulation
Tungsten, lead, and cadmium
See 3440 Radiation Profile on
page C–4
Stainless steel
DOT 7A, Type A, Yellow II label,
TI = 0.6
CS-137 – USA/0614/S or USA/0356/S
Am-241:Be – USA/0632/s or CZ/1009/S
NC-646-D-130-S
MEMORY SPECIFICATIONS
RAM
ROM
Model 3440
64K Resident, Non-volatile
Stores over 450 complete station records
192K External
256K or 512K Resident, 512K External
Appendix G–3
Method: Computer reduction of count rate data based on U.S. National
Bureau of Standards Electron Cross Sections, Neutron Cross Sections,
and Absorption Coefficients. Data is reduced to the form D =
(1/B)1n(A/(CR + C)) for density and M = (CR – E)/F for moisture
where A, B, C, E, and F are constants and CR is count ratio. The
algorithm corrects for hydrogen photon-scattering coefficients and
provides means for offsetting non-water hydrogen. Direct calibration
entry by keypad.
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Time accuracy and stability
Power supply stability
Stored power
Battery recharge time
Charge source
Liquid crystal display (LCD) readout
Power consumption (watts) average
Power consumption after automatic
battery cutoff (watts)
Serial data format
Parity
±0.005% ±0.0002%/°C
±0.01%°C
30 watt-hours
16 hours, automatic cutoff
12-14 V dc, 500 mA
minimum
4 x 16 alphanumeric
0.16
0.00
8 Data Bits, 2 Stop Bits, No
Gauge to PC-compatible Computer Cable (Null Modem Cable):
Gauge
Computer
(Female)
(Male)
Gnd (pin 1)........................Gnd (pin 1)
Tx (pin 2) ..........................Rx (pin 3)
Rx (pin 3)..........................Tx (pin 2)
DSR (pin 6).......................DTR (pin 20)
DTR (pin 20) ....................DSR (pin 6)
Gnd (pin 7)........................Gnd (pin 7)
Gauge to WEIGH-TRONIX® Printer Cable:
Gauge
Printer
(Male)
(Male)
Gnd (pin 1)........................Chassis Gnd (pin 1)
Tx (pin 2) ..........................RD (pin 2)
DSR (pin 6).......................CTS (pin 5)
Gnd (pin 7)........................Gnd (pin 7)
Gauge returns to Ready (power saving mode) after 2 minutes of operator
inactivity, except in STD, Stat Test, Drift Test, and Nomograph (30
minutes). After 5 hours of complete inactivity, gauge performs a total
power shutdown.
Battery packs are fully protected against overcharge and over-discharge;
charge life is updated every 1.9 seconds and is indicated on the READY
display.
Emergency Use – Capable of operation with six “D” size alkaline batteries.
Not all “D” size alkaline batteries will fit.
Appendix G–4
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Vibration test
Drop test
0.1 in. (2.54 mm) at 12.5 Hz
300 mm on 25 mm diameter steel ball
Operating temperature
– Ambient:
– Surface:
Storage temperature
14 to 158°F (–10 to 70°C)
350°F (175°C)
–70 to 185°F (–57 to 85°C)
Gauge size (excluding handles)
Shipping case dimensions
Weight
Shipping weight
Model 3440
Appendix G–5
Gauge height (including handles)
14.8 x 9.1 x 7.2 in.
(376 x 231 x 183 mm)
12-in. rod – 23.25 in. (591 mm) or
8-in. rod – 19.25 in. (489 mm)
29.35 x 13.88 x 16.85 in.
(74.55 x 35.26 x 42.80 cm)
29 lb (13.1 kg)
90 lb (40.8 kg) in shipping case
NOTES
Appendix G–6
APPENDIX H
LOG FORMS & COMPACTION TEST DATA
CONTENTS
Standard Count Log ................................................................................H–2
Nuclear Compaction Test Data ...............................................................H–4
H. LOG FORMS & TEST DATA
Model 3440
Appendix H–1
STANDARD COUNT LOG
Serial Number
Date Moisture - MS Density - DS
Appendix H–2
STANDARD COUNT LOG
Serial Number
H. LOG FORMS & TEST DATA
Model 3440
Appendix H–3
NUCLEAR COMPACTION TEST DATA
PROJECT __________________
JOB NUMBER _______________
DATE ______________________
TAKEN BY __________________
TEST NUMBER
STATION
OFFSET
ELEVATION
MODE AND DEPTH
DENSITY COUNT
WET DENSITY
MOISTURE COUNT
MOISTURE
DRY DENSITY
% MOISTURE
STANDARD DENSITY
OPTIMUM MOISTURE
% COMPACTION
MOISTURE CORRECTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TEST NUMBER
STATION
OFFSET
ELEVATION
MODE AND DEPTH
DENSITY COUNT
WET DENSITY
MOISTURE COUNT
MOISTURE
DRY DENSITY
% MOISTURE
STANDARD DENSITY
OPTIMUM MOISTURE
% COMPACTION
MOISTURE CORRECTION
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
REMARKS
DENSITY
Appendix H–4
MOISTURE
APPENDIX I
UNIT CONVERSION
The 3440 gauge can display measurement results in either SI (metric) units
or English units. Also, HM-181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of
radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies (Ci) to the
SI unit of becquerel (Bq). This requires the shipper to convert the activity
on the Bill of Lading from curies to becquerels. Until everyone is
accustomed to the SI units, it is permitted to follow the SI units with the
English units in parentheses to clarify the description, such as 1.49 GBq
(40 mCi).
To help our operators convert from English units to SI units, the table in
this appendix provides SI conversion factors for common English units
relevant to the 3440 gauge.
CONTENTS
Measurement Units .................................................................................. I–2
Radiological Units.................................................................................... I–2
I. UNIT CONVERSION
Model 3440
Appendix I–1
MEASUREMENT UNITS
1 in. = 25.4 mm
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 30.48 cm
1 ft = 0.3 m
1 pcf = 16.02 kg/m3
1 pcf = 1.6 x 10–2 g/cm3
RADIOLOGICAL UNITS
1 rem = 0.01 Sv
1 Ci = 37 GBq
1 mCi = 37 MBq
1 µCi = 37 kBq
The following table is provided to assist you in converting from millicuries
(mCi) to gigabequerels (GBq):
mCi
to
GBq
8.0..................................... 0.30
40...................................... 1.48
Appendix I–2
APPENDIX J
J. PRINTING DATA
PRINTING (UPLOADING) PROJECT DATA
Current versions of Microsoft® Windows® include a HyperTerminal
communications program that can be used to transfer project data from the
Model 3440 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge to a computer. This
appendix provides instructions on using the HyperTerminal program to
print (upload) data from the gauge.
CONTENTS
Windows Hyperterminal .......................................................................... J–2
HyperTerminal Setup........................................................................ J–2
Equipment Connection...................................................................... J–3
Printing (Uploading) Project Data .................................................... J–3
Viewing Project Data ............................................................................... J–4
Model 3440
Appendix J–1
WINDOWS HYPERTERMINAL
To print (upload) data from the gauge to a computer equipped with the
Windows operating system, use the HyperTerminal program as described
in the following sections.
HYPERTERMINAL SETUP
To configure the Windows HyperTerminal program and set up a dedicated
icon to transfer data from the gauge, perform the following steps:
1.
Click on the Start button, then select the Programs menu and the
Accessories folder.
f In Windows 95, select the HyperTerminal icon.
f In Windows 98 and later versions, select the Communications
subfolder, then select the HyperTerminal icon.
2.
From the HyperTerminal window, double-click on the Hypertrm
icon. The Connection Description window is displayed. This
window is used to set up a new connection.
3.
In the Name box, enter a name (for example, Troxler Data) for the
new connection. Select an icon to use for the connection, then click
OK. The Connect To window is displayed.
4.
In the Connect To window, do not enter a telephone number.
Instead, select Direct to Com1, Direct to Com2, Direct to
Com3, or Direct to Com4, depending upon the computer. The
COM# Properties window is displayed, where # is the number of
the selected COM port.
5.
Configure the Port Settings as follows:
Bits per second
Select same value as gauge
baud rate (see page 6–25)
8
Data bits
None
Parity
1
Stop bits
Hardware
Flow control
6.
Click OK. The Troxler Data – HyperTerminal window is
displayed, where Troxler Data is the icon name entered in step 3.
7.
From the toolbar, click on File and select Save from the dropdown
menu.
8.
Close the Troxler Data – HyperTerminal window by selecting
Exit from the File menu.
Appendix J–2
EQUIPMENT CONNECTION
PRINTING (UPLOADING) PROJECT DATA
To print (upload) project data from the gauge to the computer:
1.
On the computer, click on the Start button, then select the Programs
menu and the Accessories folder.
f In Windows 95, select the HyperTerminal icon.
f In Windows 98 and later versions, select the Communications
subfolder, then select the HyperTerminal icon.
2.
From the HyperTerminal window, double-click on the Troxler
Data – HyperTerminal icon (where Troxler Data is the icon name
entered in the HyperTerminal Setup section on the previous page). The
Troxler Data – HyperTerminal window is displayed.
3.
From the toolbar, click on Transfer, then select Capture Text from
the dropdown menu. The Capture Text window is displayed,
showing the default folder and filename to be used to store the data.
Troxler recommends using the default settings when first using the
program.
4.
On the 3440 gauge, select the project data to be printed (downloaded)
to the computer, and follow the instructions in Chapter 5 to print the
data to the computer. The project data will be displayed in the Troxler
Data – HyperTerminal window as it is downloaded.
5.
When the data transmission is complete, select Transfer from the
toolbar. Then select Capture Text and Stop from the dropdown
submenu.
Model 3440
Appendix J–3
J. PRINTING DATA
Connect the gauge to the computer using the appropriate serial cable (see
the list of Optional Accessories on page C–26). Connect the gauge’s serial
port (see Figure 5–2 on page 5–18) to the computer COM port selected in
step 4 of the HyperTerminal Setup section on the previous page.
VIEWING PROJECT DATA
After project data has been printed (uploaded) to the computer, it can be
viewed using either a word processing program (such as Microsoft
Word®) or a spreadsheet program (such as Microsoft Excel®). To view
the data, open the desired program, then open the file in which the project
data was stored.
NOTE
The user can also use the spreadsheet program to design a
spreadsheet to manipulate and manage the data.
Appendix J–4
INDEX
%
% Marshall ................................................................................................2–7
B
Backscatter ......................................................................................4–3, A–2
Base course preparation .......................................................................... 3–2
Baseboard assembly ................................................................................ F–9
Basic parameter setup ............................................................................. 2–4
Battery
Alkaline............................................................................................... F–2
Charger................................................................................................ 1–4
Monitor function ............................................................................... 6–27
Recharging .......................................................................................... F–2
Baud Rate function................................................................................ 6–25
Becquerel ................................................................................................B–3
Beta particles...........................................................................................C–2
Block, reference standard.............................................................. 1–4, 2–13
Bottom density ...................................................................................... 6–15
Burn-In function.................................................................................... 7–10
Model 3440
Index–1
INDEX
A
Absorbers, neutron .................................................................................. 5–5
Access code...................................................................................... xiii, 7–1
Accessories.................................................................................... 1–4, F–26
Accident notification............................................................................... E–3
Addition (calculator function)............................................................... 5–24
Agreement state....................................................................................... 1–3
ALARA concept......................................................................................C–3
Alkaline batteries .................................................................................... F–2
Alpha particles ........................................................................................C–2
Asphalt
Measurement ....................................................................................... 4–3
Mode ........................................................................................... 2–6, 4–3
Surface preparation ............................................................................. 3–4
ASTM standards...................................................................................... 1–2
Atom
Nucleus................................................................................................B–2
Structure ..............................................................................................B–2
Automatic shutdown .......................................................................2–2, G–4
Auto-Station function.................................................................... 4–4, 6–11
C
Calculator
Function .............................................................................................5–24
Keys .................................................................................................... 1–6
Calibration
Constants function............................................................................... 7–6
Date function....................................................................................... 7–5
Depth..................................................................................................5–23
Special................................................................................................6–12
Specifications......................................................................................G–3
Standard function ...............................................................................7–11
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)...................................... E–4
Canadian shipping requirements ............................................................. E–4
Case, transport......................................................................................... 1–4
Cautions and warnings ............................................................................... iv
Charger, battery....................................................................................... 1–4
Clock/calendar .......................................................................................2–11
Communication Protocol function .........................................................6–26
Control panel........................................................................................... 1–6
Core density ...........................................................................................6–19
Count
Standard .............................................................................................2–13
Time .................................................................................................... 2–5
Counts function......................................................................................5–21
Curie........................................................................................................B–3
Customer Name function ........................................................................ 7–3
D
Daily inspection ...................................................................................... 2–2
Declaration of Conformity .......................................................................... v
Density
Bottom ...............................................................................................6–15
Core....................................................................................................6–19
Measurement.......................................................................................A–2
Measurements ..................................................................................... 4–1
Offset .................................................................................................. 5–4
Department of Transportation (DOT) ..................................................... E–1
Depth
Calibration..........................................................................................5–23
Function .............................................................................................5–22
Mode ..................................................................................................5–22
Of Measurement..................................................................................A–5
Strip....................................................................................................5–22
Direct transmission .................................................................................A–2
Disposal ..................................................................................................D–4
Index–2
Distance, limiting radiation exposure......................................................C–3
Division (calculator function) ............................................................... 5–25
Dosimeter ................................................................................................C–4
Downloading data ................................................................................. 5–18
Drift test .................................................................................................. 6–7
Drill rod........................................................................................... 1–4, 3–2
Extraction tool............................................................................. 1–4, 3–2
Guide................................................................................................... 1–4
F
Federal regulations .................................................................................. 1–3
G
Gamma radiation............................................................................C–2, A–2
Gaskets .................................................................................................... F–7
Gauge
Operation............................................................................................. 5–1
Setup ................................................................................................... 2–4
H
Half-life...................................................................................................B–3
Hazmat training....................................................................................... E–3
He-3 detectors ........................................................................................ A–5
HyperTerminal program...........................................................................J–2
Model 3440
Index–3
INDEX
E
Electrical specifications ......................................................................... G–4
Electron ...................................................................................................B–2
Electronic maintenance ........................................................................... F–9
Emergency procedures ............................................................................C–6
Encapsulation, source..............................................................................C–6
Erase
Function ............................................................................................ 5–21
Project ............................................................................................... 2–10
Standard Counts function .................................................................... 7–9
Erratic readings ....................................................................................... 6–3
Error messages ...................................................................................... F–15
Extended functions.................................................................................. 7–1
Extraction tool................................................................................. 1–4, 3–2
I
Incidents..................................................................................................D–3
Index rod ................................................................................................2–13
Inspection
Daily.................................................................................................... 2–2
Source rod ........................................................................................... F–4
International Air Transport Association (IATA)..................................... E–1
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ........................................ E–1
K
Keypad .................................................................................................... 1–6
Data function......................................................................................6–10
L
Leak test..................................................................................................D–3
Licensing requirements ...........................................................................D–1
M
Maintenance............................................................................................ F–1
Electronic ............................................................................................ F–9
Gaskets................................................................................................ F–7
Mechanical.......................................................................................... F–4
Scraper ring......................................................................................... F–5
Source rod bearing .............................................................................. F–6
Supplies............................................................................................. F–26
Tungsten sliding block ........................................................................ F–5
Marshall .......................................................................................... 2–7, 5–13
Measurement
Asphalt ................................................................................................ 4–3
Density ........................................................................................4–1, A–2
Depth of ..............................................................................................A–5
Moisture ......................................................................................4–1, A–5
Soil ...................................................................................................... 4–2
Storing................................................................................................. 4–4
Unit conversion .................................................................................... I–2
Units.................................................................................................... 2–4
Mechanical
Maintenance........................................................................................ F–4
Memory
Memory Clear function..........................................................................7–10
Metric units ............................................................................................. 2–4
Index–4
Microsoft
Excel.....................................................................................................J–4
Windows ..............................................................................................J–1
Word.....................................................................................................J–4
Mode
Asphalt ........................................................................................ 2–6, 4–3
Depth................................................................................................. 5–22
Function .............................................................................................. 2–6
Ready .................................................................................................. 2–2
Soil .............................................................................................. 2–6, 4–2
Moisture
Measurement ...................................................................................... A–5
Measurements ..................................................................................... 4–1
Offset................................................................................................... 5–5
Multiplication (calculator function) ...................................................... 5–25
O
OFF key................................................................................................... 1–6
Offset
Density ................................................................................................ 5–4
Function .............................................................................................. 5–3
Moisture .............................................................................................. 5–5
Side wall............................................................................................ 5–10
Trench ............................................................................................... 5–10
Wet density ......................................................................................... 5–4
ON key .................................................................................................... 1–6
Operation
Gauge .................................................................................................. 5–1
Theory ................................................................................................ A–1
Optional accessories.............................................................................. F–26
Model 3440
Index–5
INDEX
N
Neutron........................................................................................... C–2, B–2
Cross-sections .................................................................................... A–5
Thermalization ................................................................................... A–5
Neutron absorbers ................................................................................... 5–5
NO/CE key.............................................................................................. 1–6
Nomograph function ............................................................................. 6–15
Notice to Employees .............................................................................. D–3
Nuclear compaction test data ................................................................. H–4
P
Parts
Replacement...................................................................................... F–16
Personnel monitoring ..............................................................................D–2
Photons........................................................................................... C–2, A–2
Poisson distribution.................................................................................B–4
Precision function ..................................................................................6–22
Print
Function .............................................................................................5–18
Print function .........................................................................................5–18
Proctor values.........................................................................................5–13
Project
Erase...................................................................................................2–10
Function .............................................................................................. 2–8
View.................................................................................................... 2–9
Proton......................................................................................................B–2
Q
Quality factor ..........................................................................................B–5
R
Rad ..........................................................................................................B–5
Radiation
Exposure .............................................................................................C–3
Gamma....................................................................................... C–2, A–2
Monitoring ..........................................................................................C–4
Profile..................................................................................................C–4
Safety ..................................................................................................C–1
Safety program....................................................................................D–2
Statistics ..............................................................................................B–4
Terminology........................................................................................B–5
Theory........................................................................................ B–3, B–1
Types...................................................................................................C–2
Radiological
Unit conversion .................................................................................... I–2
Ready mode ............................................................................................ 2–2
Recall
Function .............................................................................................5–22
Record keeping .......................................................................................D–4
Recover Erase function ........................................................................... 6–9
Reference standard block ...............................................................1–4, 2–13
Regulations
Canadian shipping............................................................................... E–4
U.S. shipping....................................................................................... E–2
Index–6
Rem .........................................................................................................B–5
Remote Control function....................................................................... 7–12
Replacement
Gaskets ................................................................................................ F–7
Parts................................................................................................... F–16
Returned Good Authorization (RGA) ................................................... F–27
Rod Length function ............................................................................... 7–8
RS-232 serial port ................................................................................. 5–18
Model 3440
Index–7
INDEX
S
SAFE position ....................................................................................... 2–13
Scraper plate/drill rod guide............................................................ 1–4, 3–2
Scraper ring maintenance ........................................................................ F–5
Security .................................................................................................. D–2
Serial Number function ........................................................................... 7–4
Serial port.............................................................................................. 5–18
Service
Centers ................................................................................................... iii
Returning a gauge ............................................................................. F–27
Set Units function.................................................................................... 2–4
Shielding .................................................................................................C–3
SHIFT key............................................................................................... 1–6
Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods ........................................... E–2
Shipping
Canadian requirements........................................................................ E–4
U.S. requirements................................................................................ E–2
Shutdown, automatic.......................................................................2–2, G–4
Side wall offset...................................................................................... 5–10
Site preparation ....................................................................................... 3–1
Sliding block
Cleaning .............................................................................................. F–4
Maintenance ........................................................................................ F–5
Soil
Measurement ....................................................................................... 4–2
Mode ........................................................................................... 2–6, 4–2
Site preparation ................................................................................... 3–2
Source
Decay function .................................................................................. 6–30
Encapsulation ......................................................................................C–6
Rod.................................................................................................... 2–13
Rod bearing maintenance .................................................................... F–6
Rod inspection..................................................................................... F–4
Rod length ........................................................................................... 7–8
Rod positions..................................................................................... 2–14
Special
Calibration function ...........................................................................6–12
Functions............................................................................................. 6–1
Roadway function ..............................................................................6–31
Specifications..........................................................................................G–1
Calibration...........................................................................................G–3
Electrical .............................................................................................G–4
Measurement.......................................................................................G–2
Mechanical..........................................................................................G–5
Memory...............................................................................................G–3
Radiological ........................................................................................G–3
Standard
Count log.............................................................................................H–2
Standard count .......................................................................................2–13
START/ENTER key ............................................................................... 1–6
Stat test.................................................................................................... 6–3
Station number ........................................................................................ 4–4
Status function .......................................................................................5–16
Store function.......................................................................................... 4–4
STORE key ............................................................................................. 4–4
Subtraction (calculator function)............................................................5–25
T
Test
Drift..................................................................................................... 6–7
Leak ....................................................................................................D–3
Stat ...................................................................................................... 6–3
Theory, radiation............................................................................ B–3, B–1
Thermalization ........................................................................................A–5
Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD).....................................................C–4
Time
Count................................................................................................... 2–5
Limiting radiation exposure ................................................................C–3
Time/Date function ................................................................................2–11
Training
Hazmat ................................................................................................ E–3
Troxler course .....................................................................................D–3
Transport case ......................................................................................... 1–4
Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations (TPRM)..... E–4
Transportation
Canadian requirements........................................................................ E–4
U.S. requirements................................................................................ E–2
Transportation and shipping.................................................................... E–1
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations (TDG) .......... E–4
Trench offset ..........................................................................................5–10
Troubleshooting .................................................................................... F–10
Index–8
U
U.S. NRC ................................................................................................ 1–3
U.S. shipping requirements ..................................................................... E–2
Unit conversion ........................................................................................ I–1
Units
Measurements ..................................................................................... 2–4
Metric .................................................................................................. 2–4
V
View project............................................................................................ 2–9
Voidless density value................................................................. 5–13, 5–15
Voids
Asphalt ................................................................................................ 3–4
Soil or base.......................................................................................... 3–2
Y
YES key .................................................................................................. 1–6
Model 3440
Index–9
INDEX
W
Warnings and cautions ............................................................................... iv
Wet density offset ................................................................................... 5–4
NOTES
Index–10
NOTES
WARRANTY
Model 3440
Warranty–1
TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES, INC.
LIMITED WARRANTY
TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES, INC., and subsidiary, TROXLER
INTERNATIONAL, LTD., hereinafter referred to as “TROXLER” warrants this
instrument, model 3440 serial number __________, against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of 18 mos. from date of shipment. For gauges sold through
authorized TROXLER representatives, the date of shipment will be as of the transfer from
representative to purchaser. During the applicable warranty period, TROXLER’s obligation
under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the repair, F.O.B. TROXLER’s plant of
any instrument which may prove defective under normal use and which TROXLER’s
examination shall disclose to its satisfaction to be thus defective, normal use being defined
for the purpose of this warranty as operation under normal load, usage, and conditions with
proper care and maintenance and competent supervision. In no event shall TROXLER be
held liable for damages, delays, or losses consequential, incidental, or otherwise attributable
to the failure of this instrument or radioactive material contained therein. TROXLER’s
liability being specifically limited to repair as stated hereinabove. This warranty is
automatically initiated except where modified by contractual or other written and signed
agreement.
THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE
DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF, AND THIS WARRANTY IS
EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, AND TROXLER NEITHER ASSUMES, NOR AUTHORIZES
ANYONE TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THE INSTRUMENT.
THIS
WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE INSTRUMENT OR ANY
PART WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO DAMAGE BY ACCIDENT,
NEGLIGENCE, ALTERATION, ABUSE, MISUSE, OR SERVICE NOT
AUTHORIZED IN WRITING BY TROXLER. SUCH DAMAGE TO
INCLUDE BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO BURNING OF CIRCUIT BOARDS
AND HARNESS FROM IMPROPER SOLDERING TECHNIQUES AND
DAMAGE TO THE INSTRUMENT DUE TO PURCHASER’S FAILURE TO
PERFORM MAINTENANCE AS OUTLINED IN THE AUTHORIZED
OPERATOR’S MANUAL. DUE TO THE NATURE OF THEIR USE,
MECHANICAL ACCESSORY PARTS AND BATTERIES ARE
WARRANTED FOR 90 DAYS FROM SHIPMENT DATE.
TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES, INC.
Troxler International, Ltd.
Troxler Electronics (Canada), Ltd.
Troxler Electronics GmbH
Post Office Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
NOTICE TO CONSUMERS
Any disclaimer or limitation on the remedies expressed above shall
not be effective to the extent prohibited by state or federal law.
NOTE: THIS WARRANTY EXCLUDES DAMAGE INCURRED IN SHIPMENT. IF
THIS CASE IS RECEIVED IN DAMAGED CONDITION, THE CARRIER SHOULD BE
CONTACTED IMMEDIATELY. ALL CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE IN TRANSIT SHOULD
BE FILED WITH THE CARRIER. IF REQUESTED, TROXLER WILL AID IN FILING
OF CLAIMS AND/OR LOCATING GAUGES LOST IN TRANSIT.

Manual of Operation and Instruction

Transcription

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