BASF PETRONAS Chemicals` Verbund Site Report 2014
Transcription
BASF PETRONAS Chemicals` Verbund Site Report 2014
BASF PETRONAS Chemicals’ Verbund Site Report 2014 Including Toray BASF PBT Resin On the cover: the ground-breaking ceremony of the Integrated Aroma Chemicals Complex in Kuantan BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals – Report 2014 Contents Welcome 01 Safety, health and environment 08 About this report 01 Safety, security and health 08 Message from the Managing Director 02 Environmental protection 11 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals 03 Employees 14 Members of the Board of Directors 03 Society 16 History 04 Selected prizes and awards 17 Strategy 05 Further information 18 Business development 06 About this report "BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site - Report" is published annually as a concise document about the company’s development, progress and performance in regard to economy, ecology, and society. The reporting period for this publication is the financial year 2014. All data in the report are the combined 100% total from BASF PETRONAS Chemicals and 100% from Toray BASF PBT Resins which is located on the BASF PETRONAS Chemicals’ site, without BASF Services. Financial Report 2 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Message from the Managing Director Greetings from BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd! I am very pleased to present to you BASF PETRONAS Chemicals – Report 2014, our yearly overview of the company’s operations in terms of our sustainability performance. With this report, we want to demonstrate how we balance the economic, environmental, and social aspects of our company. Economic conditions were challenging in 2014, but there were several achievements towards milestone projects that will help further strengthen the company. While our sales performance remained relatively stable, we are investing for the future with the construction of world-scale facilities including an integrated aroma chemicals complex and a 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid plant. At the same time, we took several additional steps towards improved operational excellence throughout the site. This includes, a strong priority on safety which is fundamental to our license to operate. Last year, we have intensified our efforts to bring our high standards of safety, health and environment also to our suppliers through a variety of programs. We continue to invest in talent development. Skilled, competent employees are important assets in order to materialize business objectives. Attracting skilled talent is also important for the successful implementation of our new production facilities. This year, our majority shareholder, BASF, celebrates its 150 year anniversary. At BASF PETRONAS Chemicals we look forward to being part of that legacy in our own unique way – by “Creating Value Through Chemistry” for our stakeholders. I personally thank you for your support and interest in BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd! Our whole team looks forward to serving you even better as we move forward. Stefan F. Beckmann Managing Director, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals 3 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Members of the Board of Directors Datuk Wan Zulkiflee Wan Ariffin Past Chairman of the Board of Directors, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd & Executive Vice President, Downstream Business, PETRONAS (PETRONAS Group of Companies) Datuk Wan Zulkiflee Wan Ariffin was appointed as the new President of the PETRONAS Group of Companies with effect from April 16, 2015 and resigned as Chairman of the Board of Directors on May 1, 2015. En Md Arif Mahmood Chairman of the Board of Directors, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd and Executive Vice President, PETRONAS & Chief Executive Officer of PETRONAS Downstream Business. (PETRONAS Group of Companies) En Md Arif Mahmood was appointed to the above PETRONAS roles effective April 16, 2015. He was appointed as Chairman of the Board of BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd effective May 5, 2015. Datuk Sazali bin Hamzah President / CEO, PETRONAS Chemicals Group Sdn. Bhd. (PETRONAS Group of Companies) Dr. Rainer Diercks President Petrochemical Business, BASF SE (BASF) Gops Pillay President, Asia Pacific, BASF East Asia Regional Headquarters Limited (BASF) Dr. Stefan Beckmann Managing Director, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd (BASF) 4 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 History Foundation Development 1865 Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft (BASF AG) founded in Ludwigshafen, Germany 2007 Tenth anniversary celebrated at Dewan Jubli Perak, Kuantan 1974 PETRONAS Group established in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010 PETRONAS Chemicals Group (PCG) established in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; BASF PETRONAS Chemicals listed under PCG 2010 10 products receive Halal certification from JAKIM Establishment 1997 Signing of shareholders' agreement by BASF SE and PETRONAS Chemicals Group for a MYR 3.4 billion investment 2000 Start-up of first production: acrylic acid complex 2001 Official Opening of BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Integrated Chemical Complex by the Prime Minister of Malaysia 2003 Expansion 2010 Memorandum of Understanding by BASF and PETRONAS to consider a potential joint investment of approximately MYR 4.0 billion 2014 Groundbreaking of Integrated Aroma Chemicals Complex by the Prime Minister of Malaysia First BDO product shipped to customer Entrance to the port tank farm, Gebeng, Kuantan A diverse workforce has supported the company’s development. 5 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Strategy Operating one of the largest integrated chemical sites in Asia Pacific, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals emphasizes the value of sustainability and strengthens our stakeholders’ confidence through strict compliance to global standards and transparency in keeping with our belief of “Chemistry Drives Sustainability” and “Creating Value Through Chemistry”. In accordance with the philosophy shared with our parent companies, both BASF SE and PETRONAS Chemicals Group, we demonstrate sustainability throughout our operations by maintaining world-class operating standards on and at our site. The company’s strategic roadmap was launched in late 2012. In this roadmap, the company’s belief that “Chemistry Drives Sustainability” and its mission “Creating Value Through Chemistry” are supported by four strategic pillars: (1) Leveraging Diversity for Growth, (2) Partnering for Success, (3) Developing Talents for Growth and (4) Championing Sustainable Development - to ensure and enhance the company’s mission. We believe that to achieve long-term success, we have to conduct our business in a sustainable manner. This is reflected in our company pillars, one of which is “Championing Sustainable Development”. Acting responsibly for us means that we want to integrate sustainability into our business activities. We have set ourselves ambitious environmental and climate goals and review these goals regularly to ensure we are on track. In doing so, we strive not only to provide the best service to our customers, but also to be relevant and beneficial to our employees, suppliers, the community we operate in, and the environment at large. 6 Operational excellence We demonstrate sustainability throughout our operations Operational Excellence complements the company’s strategic roadmap To improve operational excellence, the company has implemented the “Hibiscus Project”. This effort is guided by a global team of Operations and Technology experts from BASF and is supported by our shareholders and stakeholders. Through this project, we aim to create the maximum fit between our operations and our business strategy. The Hibiscus Project covers five key areas: adaptability, transparency, stability, optimization, and learning. BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Business development BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd is a joint venture between BASF and Malaysia's state owned Petroleum Corporation Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), under its subsidiary PETRONAS Chemicals Group (PCG). “ The signing of the shareholders’ agreement in August 1997, with an initial investment of MYR3.4 billion, brought together a vast amount of experience, innovation, cutting-edge technology and an abundance of strategically-located high quality resources. Sales have remained comparatively stable over the past several years and are impacted by market developments, pricing, and currency effects. Combined sales of BASF PETRONAS Chemicals and Toray BASF in 2014 were €749 million (2013: €751 million). BASF PETRONAS Chemicals is based in Gebeng, Kuantan Expansion and development Broke ground on $500 million integrated aroma complex New world-scale 2-EHAcid plant At BASF PETRONAS Chemicals, BASF and PETRONAS together broke ground on a $500 million integrated aroma ingredients complex project in Kuantan, Malaysia. The complex, to be built within the existing site in Gebeng, which is jointly owned by BASF SE and PETRONAS Chemicals Group (PCG), will house a facility to produce citral and its precursors as well as associated downstream plants to manufacture citronellol and L-menthol. The company also will build a new world-scale production plant for 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid at its site in Kuantan. It will be the first of its kind in the region and is expected to start up in 2016. The company held customer and supplier events focusing on product stewardship both locally and regionally in 2014. BASF PETRONAS Chemicals At a glance BASF PETRONAS Chemicals is a Malaysia-based joint venture between BASF SE and Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Malaysia’s National Oil Company, under its subsidiary PETRONAS Chemicals Group (PCG). Incorporated in 1997, the company operates an integrated petrochemical complex situated at the Gebeng Industrial Zone, Pahang. The company’s share of capital is 60% held by BASF SE and 40% by PCG, with a total investment of about RM3.4 billion (US$900 million) in production facilities for acrylic monomers, oxo products and butanediol. The range of chemicals produced by BASF PETRONAS Chemicals meets growing demand in various industries including plastics, adhesives, lacquers, dyestuff, automobile and industrial coatings, paper, diapers, water treatment, textile and leather. Sales Employees1 €749 million 702 1As of December 31, 2014 7 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Safety, health and environment The Responsible Care Management System (RCMS) comprises the global rules, standards and procedures for environmental and health protection, safety and security (SHE) for the various stations along our value chain. It allows BASF PETRONAS Chemicals to achieve compliance with regulatory and internal requirements, operate safe and environmentally sound facilities and manufacture safe products. Adherence to these processes drives continuous improvement in performance and increases the efficiency and effectiveness of SHE-related activities. Just as the company applies stringent standards to its own operations, we demand the same high standards of our contractors and suppliers too. We choose carriers, service providers and suppliers not just on the basis of price, but also based on their performance in environmental and social responsibility. Transportation and distribution safety First ever transportation emergency joint drill In 2014, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals and PETRONAS Chemicals Group held their first-ever joint transportation emergency drill, on the Kuala Lumpur – Karak Highway, Pahang, the main land route from the plant to other parts of the country. The drill involved a simulation of a multi-vehicle collision to test the response, communications and coordination between the two companies, the selected transporters and public services and government agencies, to help ensure that transportation emergency incidents are managed in an effective and efficient manner. Product stewardship Product stewardship engagement events held locally and in Vietnam BPC Academy further developed, providing value-added sharing with relevant stakeholders BASF PETRONAS Chemicals adheres to the concept whereby everyone involved in the lifespan of the product is required to take responsibility to implement the highest environmental, health, and safety standards. For manufacturers, this includes planning for, and if necessary, paying for the recycling or disposal of the product at the end of its useful life. The company advocates product stewardship via BPC Academy, which aims to provide a platform for best practice sharing with authorities, customers and other relevant stakeholders. In 2014, product stewardship engagement events were held both in Kuantan and in Vietnam. Firemen providing a “water screen” during the Joint Transportation Emergency Drill on the Kuala Lumpur – Karak Highway Occupational safety Lost time injury rate for employees at 0.7 per million working hours Measures to improve safety awareness among employees and contractors We strive to provide a safe and healthy work place and ensure that safety and environmental issues are incorporated into planning and operations. In 2014, the lost time injury rate for employees was the same as the previous year, at the rate of 0.7 per million working hours (2013: 0.7). In 2014 there were no lost time injuries among contractors for the second year in a row. There were also no fatalities. Due to a increase in new or less experienced employees and contractors in 2014, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Product stewardship workshops were held with suppliers 8 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 undertook measures to improve safety awareness, including improved safety briefings, discussions and experience sharing sessions on safety related issues, with contractors as well as employees. Occupational health Blood donation drives were organized jointly with local blood banks Complete on-site team and medical facilities including a clinic, emergency response facilities and ambulance Medical services on-site extend beyond employees to on-site contractors. The company offers employs an on-site medical doctor, a nurse, an industrial hygienist team and shift paramedics. Services offered by the occupational health team include occupational health, emergency services, health promotion, primary health care, industrial hygiene, return to work assessment, and health training. Medical services on-site extend beyond employees to on-site contractors. In 2014 the team also organized blood donation drives, both at the Kuantan site and at the company’s head office in Bukit Jelutong. A visit to our on-site clinic by local occupational health practitioners Process safety Frequent reviews of standards and processes to ensure improved process safety performance and competency BASF PETRONAS Chemicals undertakes continuous efforts to improve its process safety performance and competence. All operation personnel must undergo process safety elearning training to enhance their awareness on our process safety philosophy and risk assessment. We also began the review in 2014 of our current process safety documentation in order to align with BASF company-wide requirements. Basic first aid training is provided to all staff. 9 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Emergency response Security Public dialog sessions held on the company’s plans Desktop drill and crisis communications evaluation conducted to improve emergency response procedures. As part of the company’s commitment to communications with the public, and to fulfill requirements for the Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment process, several public dialog sessions were held with representatives from neighboring companies and nearby villages during the past year. The sessions served to update the community about upcoming investment projects at BASF PETRONAS Chemicals. Issues including waste disposal, emergency response plan, and road issues were also brought up during these sessions. In addition, emergency response and crisis communications procedures and protocols were reviewed with regional expert input to ensure incidents are managed in a safe, effective and efficient manner. To this end, a comprehensive review of the emergency response procedures was initiated, refresher briefings were conducted for the management team and relevant department representatives, a desktop drill was conducted and a crisis communications evaluation and update session were held in separate sessions over the year. Hosting a public visit at the Bukit Jelutong office 10 “Protected Area, Keypoint 1” under the Malaysian National Security Council of the Malaysian Prime Minister’s office Security staff on duty around the clock The BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Verbund Site is categorized as a “Protected Area, Keypoint 1” under the Malaysian National Security Council of the Malaysian Prime Minister’s office. It is guarded 24 hours by security staff who work in 12-hour shifts, under guidance from the BASF regional security team. The local security team inspects incoming and outgoing vehicles BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Environmental protection Energy Focus on efficient energy generation, reducing energy consumption in production, and new technologies Energy efficiency is the most important means of combining climate protection, resource conservation and economic benefits. BASF PETRONAS Chemicals takes a threepronged approach to responsible use of energy, focusing on efficient energy generation, reducing energy consumption in our production facilities, and developing products and technologies for increased efficiency in our use of available energy. Generally, energy efficiency is linked to the demands of the different production plants on the site. Heat from production processes is not discharged to the environment, but utilized at other plants according to BASF’s Verbund concept of integrated production. In 2014, steam consumption increased to 2,729,051 metric tons (2013: 2,449,326 metric tons) due to higher production rates compared to the previous year. Emissions to air Our greenhouse gas emissions increased to 720,750 metric tons (2013: 618,196 metric tons) due primarily to increased production in 2014 compared to 2013. A Continuous Emissions Monitoring System was installed at BASF PETRONAS Chemicals in mid-2011 to analyze the emissions gases online. This enables the feed of live data, 24 hours a day, for faster response and mitigation. In 2014 our emissions of air pollutants were 940 metric tons, a slight decrease from the previous year (2013: 948 metric tons). In 2014, electricity consumption increased to 330,457 MWh (2013: 310,558 MWh). This is due to higher production rates compared to the previous year and also to power required to restart the plants after a shutdown. There was also an increase in fuel consumption from central power plants and boilers compared to the previous year, to 1,254,629 MWh (2013: 1,209,171 MWh) due to higher production rates and to power required to restart the plants after a shutdown. 11 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Water Increase in emissions of organic substances and nitrogen to water The sustainable use of water and the conservation of water resources are important concerns for BASF PETRONAS Chemicals. We continuously seek ways to reduce water use in our production and we are evaluating further water protection and supply concepts at our site. 100% of the water supply at the site is from drinking water, as the main available water source, the same as in previous years. No supply came from surface water or ground water. In 2014, Dyphil and Ammonia contamination occurred in the waste water treatment plant, creating limitations in its effectiveness. For this reason emissions of organic substances to water COD increased to 153 metric tons (2013: 112 metric tons) and nitrogen emissions to water increased to 2 metric tons (2013: 1 metric ton). The emissions of heavy metals to water stayed the same for 2014 (2013 and 2014: 0.2 metric tons). 12 Water used for production rose to 360,000 cubic meters in 2014 (2013: 200,000 cubic meters). This metric refers to water that has come into contact with products, for example, when used for washing or as a solvent or a reaction medium. Cooling water was maintained at 159 million cubic meters (2013: 163 million cubic meters). Due to high levels of recirculation, the total water supply was only 2.15 million cubic meters in 2014 (2013: 1.94 million cubic meters). BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Waste By-products from one plant are often used in another as starting materials Disposal of hazardous waste meets requirements of the Malaysian Department of Environment BASF PETRONAS Chemicals’ fundamental principle for handling waste is “avoid, reduce, and recycle”. We only dispose of waste after all recovery options have been exhausted, and we do so in a manner that reduces environmental impact. In this respect, the Verbund concept, i.e. the close integration of production processes, is one of BASF PETRONAS Chemicals’ greatest strengths; the by-products from one plant are often used in another as starting materials. Substitute fuels recycled from waste are also used in power plants and in some production plants. In 2014 the total waste reached 7,584 metric tons (2013: 7,564), of which 66% was recycled (2013: 71%). We dispose of hazardous waste according to the regulatory requirements of the Department of Environment, Malaysia. Non-hazardous waste, along with waste categorized under “special waste management”, is disposed at the JerangauJabor Landfill. There is no underground storage. Waste disposal by incineration increased to 11% in 2014, due to major tank cleaning activity at the Acrylics complex. This increase can be attributed to higher production rates, more solvent waste being generated due to the plant shutdowns during the year, a temporary increase in residues sent for disposal, and an increase in domestic waste. 22% of waste was sent to landfill in 2014, with 0% in underground storage. 13 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Employees Employees are the foundation of our excellent performance and ensure our long-term success: their skills, commitment and motivation make BASF PETRONAS Chemicals competitive and fit for the future. This belief is seen in the tangible efforts and resources the company puts into the development of the employees as well as into company sponsored activities to strengthen the team. As of the end of 2014, BASF PETRONAS Chemicals and Toray BASF Resins had a total of 702 employees (2013: 668). Career development Emphasis on diversity to ensure a broad range of competencies Substantial investment in staff training We support the development of our employees with performance-based remuneration, targeted training opportunities as well as measures to balance work and family life. We provide our employees with the opportunity to grow with the organization. This is reflected in our Strategic Pillar “Developing Talent for Growth”. Recruitment and new graduate programs Recruitment efforts for the Integrated Aroma Ingredients Complex, due to open in early 2016 Orientation for new hires improved under the OCTANE program We aim to recruit, develop and retain the best employees, and allow them to fully realize their strengths and potential. We place specific emphasis on diversity in our team to reflect the various backgrounds and ensure a broad range of competencies to better meet the needs of all our business partners. Recruitment efforts for 2014 increased significantly, to hire and train the necessary manpower for the Integrated Aroma Ingredients Complex due to open in early 2016. At the same time, the orientation program for new hires was improved under the OCTANE (Orientation Course To Acclimatize New Entrants) program. 14 Employees at BASF PETRONAS Chemicals participate in targeted training opportunities. The company invests substantially in training for staff. This includes technical skills, environment, health, and safety, soft skills, and competency trainings. These are conducted inhouse when there is a competent trainer within the company, through customized trainings, or at public courses. The company has undertaken other measures during the past two years to improve career development, including streamlining of job descriptions and improvements to the performance management system. These facilitate clearer communication and a higher degree of transparency in career development. Employee dialog sessions and management briefing sessions are held quarterly at both the Kuantan site and the Shah Alam headquarters. Twice-yearly senior management communications sessions are held for management level sharing, alignment and engagement. BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Work-life balance Diversity + Inclusion Work-life balance includes family programs, flexible working hours, and recreation. Wide range of non-monetary benefits Employees have access to a range of options to balance work, family commitment and leisure. Under our flexi-hours system, employees are given some freedom in managing their working hours, while being responsible for completing the necessary 42 hours a week within the core hours of 9:00am to 4:00pm daily. The company remunerates employees in accordance with or better than industry standards. In addition, nonmonetary benefits include medical and dental benefits, insurance, Haj Leave, education grants, and periodic medical check-ups. These help keep the company competitive in hiring and retaining the best talent. Annually, our staff members organize sports and recreational activities for the whole company. Some popular events organized for employees are aerobics, badminton, bowling, futsal and swimming, as well as recreational activities such as the combined Family Day and Annual Dinner. Highlights of 2014 employee sessions included the Family Day and Annual Dinner program at Legoland, Johor Bahru, an appreciation lunch for colleagues involved in the groundbreaking ceremony, and an appreciation dinner for colleagues who contributed their time and energy to organizing activities for the whole company. Equal opportunity regardless of gender, race and age Inclusive working styles Employees are offered equal opportunities at BASF PETRONAS Chemicals regardless of gender, race, and also age. In 2014, the largest proportion (49.3%) of employees at BASF PETRONAS Chemicals was in the 26-39 year old age group (2013: 51.6%). The increase in the proportion of employees between 40-54 years of age to 43.3% from 41.2% in the previous year was due to the natural aging process of the existing employees and also to hiring of more experienced personnel for the expansion projects. . Employees come from a variety of age groups. 15 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Society Our economic success depends on trust and social acceptance from our neighbors. Community engagement is an important, integral part of the company’s annual calendar with activities and engagement projects running all year long. Community engagement Collaboration with neighboring companies for community programs. Community activities and initiatives in 2014 included the Responsible Care campaign, the annual Balok River Adoption Program and an annual program with Malaysian Nature Society of Pahang State, in addition to the many public dialog sessions and hosted site visits. By collaborating with neighboring companies and established non-governmental organizations in community activities, as well as areas like safety and emergency response, we encourage a joint approach which supports the business. We collaborate with other neighboring companies in the Gebeng Industrial Area in the annual Balok beach and river cleanup programs, an educational program for village students, and exhibitions on the environment for the local community. This collaboration is a reflection of the Verbund approach in our community work, where we combine the know-how and contacts of external organizations with our own resources to maximize our outreach. The company undertakes joint activities with neighboring sites, such as the Balok beach and river cleanup programs. In 2014 the company organized a choral speaking competition for employees and the community. 16 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Selected prizes and awards National Human Resource Minister’s Award CICM Responsible Care Awards BASF PETRONAS Chemicals recently received the National Human Resource Minister’s Award under the category of Large Employer (Manufacturing) from the Human Resource Development Fund in Malaysia. The company was recognized for the quantity and quality of its employee programs. BASF PETRONAS Chemicals won several awards under the Petrochemicals category at the Chemical Industries Council of Malaysia (CICM) Responsible Care Dinner for management practices: – Pollution Prevention Code – Silver – Process Safety Code – Silver – Distribution Code – Silver – Occupational Safety and Health – Merit The company won four awards for Responsible Care management practices. The company was recognized for employee programs. 17 BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd Verbund Site Report 2014 Further information Corporate Office BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd (451307-K) Shah Alam Office: 2, Jalan Astaka U8/87, Bukit Jelutong, Seksyen U8, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +60 3 7841 2200 gFax: +60 3 7846 6624 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.basf-petronas.com.my Kuantan Integrated Chemical Site BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd (451307-K) Kuantan Production Site: Jalan Gebeng 2/1, Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng, 26080 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Tel: +60 9 585 5000 Fax: +60 9 583 4623 For more information, please visit our website or "Like" us at our Facebook page. You can find also this and other BASF publications online at www.basf.com. 18