The Lighting Handbook
Transcription
The Lighting Handbook
00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:10 Uhr The Lighting Handbook Seite 1 1st edition, July 2004 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr The Lighting Handbook 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd Seite 2 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Chapter 1 Lighting fundamentals Chapter 2 Recommended values for indoor and outdoor lighting NEW: Based on the new European standards Chapter 3 Luminaires Chapter 4 Lamps and ballasts Chapter 5 Lighting and room management, Emergency lighting Chapter 6 Quickplan – Calculating luminaire quantities Chapter 7 Lighting refurbishment Chapter 8 Economic efficiency calculation Chapter 9 The Lighting Handbook Technical information Chapter 10 Notes Seite 1 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr Chapter 1 Lighting fundamentals What is light? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Basic parameters used in lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luminous flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luminous intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illuminance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luminance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General quality criteria for lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The right light – traditional and new quality criteria . . Illuminance – definition of terminology . . . . . . . . . . . Glare – glare limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lighting technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colour rendition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5 4 5 5 5 6–7 6 6–7 7 8–9 10 10 Seite 1 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr Seite 2 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr What is light? Light is that part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by our eyes. What does the human eye see? What is light? Wavelength [m] -10 10 Gamma rays X-rays 1.0 Ultraviolet 0.8 Visible light 10-5 Microwaves Television, VSW Medium waves 105 Night Day 0.6 0.4 Infrared 100 Relative spectral brightness perception 0.2 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength [nm] Wavelength [m] Radio waves The Lighting Handbook By day we see in colour, while at night we can only see in shades of grey. Chapter 1 / 3 Seite 3 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr Basic parameters used in lighting Luminous flux – Luminous intensity – Illuminance – Luminance Luminous flux φ φ I= Ω E= φ A Lumen [lm] Luminous intensity I Illuminance E Lux [lm/m2]=[lx] Candela [lm/sr]=[cd] Luminance L L= I A L= E Ω [lm/(sr*m2 )]=[cd/m2 ] Luminous flux 4 / Chapter 1 Abbreviation: Unit: φ lm phi lumen The Lighting Handbook The luminous flux describes the quantity of light emitted by a light source. The luminous efficiency is the ratio of the luminous flux to the electrical power consumed (lm/W). It is a measure of a lamp’s economic efficiency. Seite 4 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr Luminous intensity The luminous intensity describes the quantity of light that is radiated in a particular direction. This is a useful measurement for directive lighting elements such as reflectors. It is represented by the luminous intensity distribution curve (LDC). Abbreviation: Unit: Ι cd candela Abbreviation: Unit: E lx lux Abbreviation: Unit: L cd/m2 Illuminance Illuminance describes the quantity of luminous flux falling on a surface. It decreases by the square of the distance (inverse square law). Relevant standards specify the required illuminance (e.g. EN 12464 “Lighting of indoor workplaces”). Illuminance: (lm) E(lx) = luminous flux area (m2) Luminance The Lighting Handbook The luminance is the only basic lighting parameter that is perceived by the eye. It specifies the brightness of a surface and is essentially dependent on its reflectance (finish and colour). Chapter 1 / 5 Seite 5 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr General quality criteria for lighting The right light – traditional and new quality criteria T R A D I T I O N A L N E W Harmonious brightness distribution Sufficient illumination level Glare limitation Avoidance of reflections Good modelling Correct light colour Appropriate colour rendition Quality criteria Changing lighting situations Energy efficiency Daylight integration Personal control Light as an interior design element Illuminance – definition of terminology Each term corresponds to the new European standards (see Chapter 2 / 2). Illuminance maintenance value Em: Value that the illuminance level must not fall below in the visual task area. Visual task area: Illuminance levels are specified for specific visual tasks and are designed for the area in which these may take place. If the precise location is not known, then the whole room or a specific working area is used to define it. The visual task area may be a horizontal, vertical or inclined plane. Maintenance factor: The initial value multiplied by the maintenance factor gives the illuminance maintenance value. The maintenance factor accounts for the reduction in luminous flux from lamps, luminaires and room surfaces in the installation, and can be determined on a case-by-case basis. The maintenance schedule (the cleaning and maintenance intervals for the lamps and installation) must be documented. See also the chapter on “Economic efficiency calculation”. 6 / Chapter 1 The Lighting Handbook Area immediately surrounding the visual task area: Here the illuminance may be one level lower than in the visual task area (e.g. 300 lx to 500 lx). Seite 6 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr relative illuminance (%) initial value 150 125 100 maintenance value 75 50 25 operating time Maintenance value = maintenance factor x initial value Glare – glare limitation • luminaires with limited luminance levels • blinds cause The Lighting Handbook • loss of concentration • more frequent mistakes • fatigue • reflective surfaces • incorrect luminaire arrangement • incorrect workstation position effect • luminaires without glare control • very bright surfaces Reflected glare • loss of concentration • more frequent mistakes • fatigue remedy Direct glare • matching luminaire to workstation (layout) • indirect lighting • matt surfaces Chapter 1 / 7 Seite 7 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr Lighting technology Under the new European standard for interior workplace lighting EN 12464, (psychological) glare is assessed by the unified glare rating method (UGR), which is based on a formula for glare. It takes account of all the luminaires in a system contributing to the sensation of glare. UGR tables derived from this formula are provided by the manufacturers for glare rating. The Quickplan tables in Chapter 6 and the lighting catalogues contain reference values for specific room sizes. ( UGR = 8 log 0,25 Lb (1) L2 P2 (2) ) The UGR method takes account of all the luminaires in the system that contribute to the glare sensation (2) as well as the brightness of walls and ceilings (1). It produces a UGR index. The two methods – the one set out in DIN 5035 and the one defined in EN 12464 – produce comparable results. ≤ 16 ≤ 19 ≤ 22 ≤ 25 ≤ 28 Technical drawing Reading, writing, training, meetings, computer-based work Craft and light industries Heavy industry Railway platforms, foyers 8 / Chapter 1 The Lighting Handbook UGR limits (UGRL), that must not be exceeded: Seite 8 8:43 Uhr The Lighting Handbook 1 45° 55° 65° = 85° = 45° 75° 8 103 2 3 4 5 6 8 104 2 Luminance L in cd/m2 A 3 4 2 8 6 4 3 a hs 24.06.2004 85° Quality class for nominal illuminance (lx) A 1000 750 500 <300 1 2000 1500 1000 750 500 <300 2 2000 1000 500 <300 3 2000 1000 500 <300 UGRL 13 16 19 22 25 28 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd The previously used luminance limiting curve method defined in DIN 5035 assesses the mean luminance of the luminaires over a beam angle of 45° to 85°. The new European standard sets UGR = 19 as the maximum permissible value for offices, which is equivalent to the luminance limiting curve for 500 lx in Quality class 1. Chapter 1 / 9 Seite 9 01_LICHTTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:43 Uhr Light colour The light colour describes the colour appearance of the light. Colour temperature Appearance ww up to 3,300 K reddish Association warm nw 3,300 K – 5,300 K white intermediate tw above 5,300 K blue-ish cool The light colour sets the underlying mood of the room! Colour rendition Colour rendition index Ra ≥ 90 80–89 70–79 60–69 40–59 20–39 Daylight Incandescent lamp Compact fluorescent lamp Fluorescent lamp Mercury vapour highpressure lamp Metal halide lamp Sodium vapour highpressure lamp Application examples: Ra ≥ 90: colour inspection Ra 80–89: offices Ra 70–79: electronics industry Ra 60–69: assembly work Ra 40–59: fabrication shop Ra 20–39: warehouses Display format on fluorescent lamps Example 840: 8 40 Ra ≥ 80 10 / Chapter 1 The Lighting Handbook Colour temperature 4,000 K (nw) Seite 10 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:45 Uhr Chapter 2 Standard values for indoor and outdoor lighting Standard values for lighting of indoor and outdoor workplaces and sports facility lighting . . . . . . . Indoor workplaces Traffic zones and general areas inside buildings . . . . Industrial activities and crafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Places of public assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportational areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor workplaces General circulation areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canals, locks and harbours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel filling service stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial sites and storage areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Off-shore gas and oil structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking lots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petrochemical and other hazardous industries . . . . . Power, electricity, gas and heat plants . . . . . . . . . . . Railway areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saw mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shipyards and docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewage plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 3–7 7 7 8 8–9 9 – 10 10 – 11 11 – 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 – 15 15 15 15 16 16 Seite 1 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:45 Uhr Standard values for lighting of indoor and outdoor workplaces and sports facility lighting Em gives the illuminance maintenance values specified in the European standards which partially or completely replace national standards (e.g. DIN 5035, Austrian standard O 1040, Swiss lighting standard SLG 8912, DIN 67526). “Lighting of indoor workplaces”, EN 12464-1 (April 2003) “Lighting of outdoorwork places”, pr EN 12464-2 “Sports facility lighting”, EN 12193 (September 1999) (see also “Definition of terminology”, Chapter 1 / 6) Illuminance levels must not fall below the Em maintenance values in the visual task area. If the precise location is not known, the limit should be applied to the whole room or a specific working area. Example for an office task area: task height = 0.75 m use area r flo or-a rea 1.00 m The maintenance factors can be determined on a case-by-case basis from the manufacturer’s data (see also Chapter 8). The maintenance factors and schedules for Zumtobel Staff luminaires are given in the Quickplan tables (Chapter 6). Where no individual maintenance data is available, the following values are recommended as reference maintenance factors for modern technology and three-yearly maintenance: 0.67 in a clean atmosphere, and 0.50 in very dirty environments. UGRL is the upper limit for direct glare. The UGR value calculated in the design process must lie below this (the Quickplan tables give the UGR figure for the luminaire used in a medium-size reference room). Ra is the lower limit for the colour rendition index. The Ra of the selected lamp must be equal to or greater than this value. The Lighting Handbook EN 12464 specifies that the lighting designer must document the maintenance factor and maintenance schedule. Seite 2 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity Em 8:45 Uhr UGRL Ra Traffic zones and general areas inside buildings Traffic zones • Circulation areas and corridors • Stairs, escalators, travolators • Loading ramps/bays Rest, sanitation and first aid rooms • Canteens, pantries • Rest rooms • Rooms for physical exercise • Cloakrooms, washrooms, bathrooms, toilets • Sick bay • Rooms for medical attention Control rooms • Plant rooms, switch gear rooms • Telex, post room, switchboard Store rooms, cold stores • Store and stockrooms • Dispatch packing handling areas Storage rack areas • Gangways: unmanned • Gangways: manned • Control stations 100 150 150 28 25 25 40 40 40 200 100 300 200 500 500 22 22 22 25 19 16 80 80 80 80 80 90 200 500 25 19 60 80 100 300 25 25 60 60 20 150 150 – 22 22 40 60 60 200 50 200 200 25 – 25 25 80 40 80 80 300 500 22 22 80 80 50 28 20 200 300 300 28 25 25 40 80 80 50 300 28 25 20 80 300 25 80 750 19 80 The Lighting Handbook Industrial activities and crafts Agriculture • Loading and operating of goods, handling equipment and machinery • Buildings for livestock • Sick animal pens; calving stalls • Feed preparation; dairy; utensil washing Bakeries • Preparation and baking • Finishing, glazing, decorating Cement, cement goods, concrete, bricks • Drying • Preparation of materials; work on kilns and mixers • General machine work • Rough forms Ceramics, tiles, glass, glassware • Drying • Preparation, general machine work • Enamelling, rolling, pressing, shaping simple parts, glazing, glass blowing • Grinding, engraving, glass polishing, shaping precision parts, manufacture of glass instruments Chapter 2 / 3 Seite 3 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity • Grinding of optical glass, crystal, hand grinding and engraving • Precision work e.g. decorative grinding, hand painting • Manufacture of synthetic precious stones Chemical, plastics and rubber industry • Remote-operated processing installations • Processing installations with limited manual intervention • Constantly manned work places in processing installations • Precision measuring rooms, laboratories • Pharmaceutical production • Tyre production • Colour inspection • Cutting, finishing, inspection Electrical industry • Cable and wire manufacture • Winding: – large coils – medium-sized coils – small coils • Coil impregnating • Galvanising • Assembly work: – rough e.g. large transformers – medium e.g. switchboards – fine e.g. telephones – precision e.g. measuring equipment • Electronic workshops, testing, adjusting Food stuffs and luxury food industry • Work places and zones in – breweries, malting floor – for washing, barrel filling, cleaning, sieving, peeling – cooking in preserve and chocolate factories – work places and zones in sugar factories – for drying and fermenting raw tobacco, fermentation cellar • Sorting and washing of products, milling, mixing, packing • Work places and critical zones in slaughter houses, butchers, dairies mills, on filtering floor in sugar refineries • Cutting and sorting of fruit and vegetables • Manufacture of delicatessen foods, kitchen work, manufacture of cigars and cigarettes • Inspection of glasses and bottles, product control, trimming, sorting, decoration 4 / Chapter 2 8:45 Uhr Em UGRL Ra 750 16 80 1000 1500 16 16 90 90 50 – 20 150 28 40 300 500 500 500 1000 750 25 19 22 22 16 19 80 80 80 80 90 80 300 25 80 300 500 750 300 300 25 22 19 25 25 80 80 80 80 80 300 500 750 1000 1500 25 22 19 16 16 80 80 80 80 80 200 25 80 300 25 80 500 300 25 25 80 80 500 22 80 500 22 80 The Lighting Handbook 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd Seite 4 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook Type of interior, task or activity • Laboratories • Colour inspection Foundries and metal casting • Man-size underfloor tunnels, cellars, etc. • Platforms • Sand preparation • Dressing room • Work places at cupola and mixer • Casting bay • Shake out areas • Machine moulding • Hand and core moulding • Die casting • Model building Hairdressers • Hairdressing Jewellery manufacturing • Working with precious stones • Manufacture of jewellery • Watch making (manual) • Watch making (automatic) Laundries and dry cleaning • Goods in, marking and sorting • Washing and dry cleaning • Ironing, pressing • Inspection and repairs Leather and leather goods • Work on vats, barrels, pits • Fleshing, skiving, rubbing, tumbling of skins • Saddlery work, shoe manufacture: stitching, sewing, polishing, shaping, cutting, punching • Sorting • Leather dyeing (machine) • Quality control • Colour inspection • Shoe making • Glove making Metal working and processing • Open die forging • Drop forging • Welding • Rough and average machining: tolerances ≥ 0.1 mm • Precision machining; grinding: tolerances < 0.1 mm • Scribing; inspection • Wire and pipe drawing shops; cold forming • Plate machining: thickness ≥ 5 mm 8:45 Uhr UGRL Ra 500 1000 19 16 80 90 50 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 500 – 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 22 20 40 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 500 19 90 1500 1000 1500 500 16 16 16 19 90 90 80 80 300 300 300 750 25 25 25 19 80 80 80 80 200 300 25 25 40 80 500 500 500 1000 1000 500 500 22 22 22 19 16 22 22 80 90 80 80 90 80 80 200 300 300 25 25 25 60 60 60 300 22 60 500 750 300 200 19 19 25 25 60 60 60 60 Em Chapter 2 / 5 Seite 5 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity • Sheet metalwork: thickness < 5 mm • Tool making; cutting equipment manufacture • Assembly: – rough – medium – fine – precision • Galvanising • Surface preparation and painting • Tool, template and jig making, precision mechanics, micromechanics Paper and paper goods • Edge runners, pulp mills • Paper manufacture and processing, paper and corrugating machines, cardboard manufacture • Standard bookbinding work, e.g. folding, sorting, gluing, cutting, embossing, sewing Power stations • Fuel supply plant • Boiler house • Machine halls • Side rooms, e.g. pump rooms, condenser rooms etc.; switchboards (inside buildings) • Control rooms • Outdoor switch gear Printers • Cutting, gilding, embossing, block engraving, work on stones and platens, printing machines, matrix making • Paper sorting and hand printing • Type setting, retouching, lithography • Colour inspection in multicoloured printing • Steel and copper engraving Rolling mills, iron and steel works • Production plants without manual operation • Production plants with occasional manual operation • Production plants with continuous manual operation • Slab Store • Furnaces • Mill train; coiler; shear line • Control platforms; control panels • Test, measurement and inspection • Underfloor man-sized tunnels; belt sections; cellars etc. Textile manufacture and processing • Work places and zones in baths, bale opening 6 / Chapter 2 8:45 Uhr Em UGRL Ra 300 750 22 19 60 60 200 300 500 750 300 750 25 25 22 19 25 25 80 80 80 80 80 80 1000 19 80 200 25 80 300 25 80 500 22 80 50 100 200 – 28 25 20 40 80 200 500 20 25 16 – 60 80 20 500 500 1000 1500 2000 19 19 19 16 16 80 80 80 90 80 50 – 20 150 28 40 200 50 200 300 300 500 25 – 25 25 22 22 80 20 20 40 80 80 50 – 20 200 25 60 The Lighting Handbook 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd Seite 6 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity 8:45 Uhr UGRL Ra 22 22 22 22 22 22 28 25 19 16 19 22 80 80 80 80 90 80 60 80 80 90 90 80 22 22 19 19 19 80 80 90 80 80 28 28 25 25 22 40 40 60 80 80 19 22 22 19 80 90 90 90 300 500 750 500 500 300 200 19 19 16 19 19 22 25 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 300 500 500 22 19 19 80 80 80 Em • Carding, washing, ironing, devilling machine work, drawing, combing, sizing, card cutting, pre-spinning, jute and hemp spinning 300 • Spinning, plying, reeling, winding 500 • Warping, weaving, braiding, knitting 500 • Sewing, fine knitting, taking up stitches 750 • Manual design, drawing patterns 750 • Finishing, dyeing 500 • Drying room 100 • Automatic fabric printing 500 • Burling, picking, trimming 1000 • Colour inspection; fabric control 1000 • Invisible mending 1500 • Hat manufacturing 500 Vehicle construction • Body work and assembly 500 • Painting, spraying chamber, polishing chamber 750 • Painting: touch-up, inspection 1000 • Upholstery manufacture (manned) 1000 • Final inspection 1000 Wood working and processing • Automatic processing e.g. drying, plywood manufacturing 50 • Steam pits 150 • Saw frame 300 • Work at joiner’s bench, gluing, assembly 300 • Polishing, painting, fancy joinery 750 • Work on wood working machines e.g. turning, fluting, dressing, rebating, grooving, cutting, sawing, sinking 500 • Selection of veneer woods 750 • Marquetry, inlay work 750 • Quality control, inspection 1000 Offices The Lighting Handbook Offices • Filing, copying, etc. • Writing, typing, reading, data processing • Technical drawing • CAD work stations • Conference and meeting rooms • Reception desk • Archives Retail premises Retail premises • Sales area • Till area • Wrapper table Chapter 2 / 7 Seite 7 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity 8:45 Uhr Em UGRL Ra 100 200 200 300 22 25 22 22 80 80 80 80 300 500 – 200 300 500 100 22 22 – 22 22 19 25 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 300 22 80 300 22 80 200 500 500 19 19 19 80 80 80 300 75 75 75 300 25 25 25 – 19 20 20 20 20 80 300 300 300 19 19 19 80 80 80 Places of public assembly General areas • Entrance halls • Cloakrooms • Lounges • Ticket offices Restaurants and hotels • Reception/cashier desk, porters desk • Kitchen • Restaurant, dining room, function room • Self-service restaurant • Buffet • Conference rooms • Corridors Theatres, concert halls, cinemas • Practice rooms, dressing rooms Trade fairs, exhibition halls • General lighting Museums • Exhibits, insensitive to light • Light sensitive exhibits Libraries • Bookshelves • Reading area • Counters Public car parks (indoor) • In/out ramps (during the day) • In/out ramps (at night) • Traffic lanes • Parking areas • Ticket office Nursery school, play school • Play room • Nursery • Handicraft room Educational buildings • Classrooms, tutorial rooms • Classroom for evening classes and adults education • Lecture hall • Black board • Demonstration table • Art rooms • Art rooms in art schools • Technical drawing rooms 8 / Chapter 2 300 19 80 500 500 500 500 500 750 750 19 19 19 19 19 19 16 80 80 80 80 80 90 80 The Lighting Handbook Educational premises Seite 8 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity • Practical rooms and laboratories • Handicraft rooms • Teaching workshop • Music practice rooms • Computer practice rooms (menu driven) • Language laboratory • Preparation rooms and workshops • Entrance halls • Circulation areas, corridors • Stairs • Student common rooms and assembly halls • Teachers rooms • Library: bookshelves • Library: reading areas • Stock rooms for teaching materials • Sports halls, gymnasiums, swimming pools (general use) • School canteens • Kitchen 8:45 Uhr Em UGRL Ra 500 500 500 300 300 300 500 200 100 150 200 300 200 500 100 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 22 25 25 22 19 19 19 25 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 300 200 500 22 22 22 80 80 80 200 200 50 200 22 22 22 22 80 80 80 80 500 300 19 19 80 80 100 300 300 1000 5 200 19 19 19 19 – 22 80 80 80 90 80 80 500 1000 19 19 90 90 300 1000 19 – 80 90 500 16 90 300 1000 19 – 80 90 The Lighting Handbook Health care premises Rooms for general use • Waiting rooms • Corridors: during the day • Corridors: during the night • Day rooms Staff rooms • Staff office • Staff rooms Wards, maternity wards • General lighting • Reading lighting • Simple examinations • Examination and treatment • Night lighting, observation lighting • Bathrooms and toilets for patients Examination rooms (general) • General lighting • Examination and treatment Eye examination rooms • General lighting • Examination of the outer eye • Reading and colour vision tests with vision charts Ear examination rooms • General lighting • Ear examination Chapter 2 / 9 Seite 9 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity Scanner rooms • General lighting • Scanners with image enhancers and television systems Delivery rooms • General lighting • Examination and treatment Treatment rooms (general) • Dialysis • Dermatology • Endoscopy rooms • Plaster rooms • Medical baths • Massage and radiotherapy Operating areas • Pre-op and recovery rooms • Operating theatre • Operating cavity Intensive care unit • General lighting • Simple examinations • Examination and treatment • Night watch Dentists • General lighting • At the patient • Operating cavity • White teeth matching Laboratories and pharmacies • General lighting • Colour inspection Decontamination rooms • Sterilisation rooms • Disinfection rooms Autopsy rooms and mortuaries • General lighting • Autopsy table and dissecting table 8:45 Uhr Em UGRL Ra 300 19 80 50 19 80 300 1000 19 19 80 80 500 500 300 500 300 300 19 19 19 19 19 19 80 90 80 80 80 80 500 1000 19 19 90 90 100 300 1000 20 19 19 19 19 90 90 90 90 500 1000 5000 5000 19 – – – 90 90 90 90 500 1000 19 19 80 90 300 300 22 22 80 80 500 5000 19 – 90 90 200 150 500 500 200 200 300 22 22 19 19 22 25 19 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 Airports • Arrival and departure halls, baggage claim areas • Connecting areas, escalators, travolators • Information desks, check-in desks • Customs and passport control desks • Waiting areas • Luggage store rooms • Security check areas 10 / Chapter 2 The Lighting Handbook Transportational areas Seite 10 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of interior, task or activity • Air traffic control tower • Testing and repair hangars • Engine test areas • Measuring areas in hangars Railway installations • Covered platforms and passenger subways (underpasses) • Ticket hall and concourse • Ticket and luggage offices and counters • Waiting rooms 8:45 Uhr Em UGRL Ra 500 500 500 500 16 22 22 22 80 80 80 80 50 200 300 200 28 28 19 22 40 40 80 80 The Lighting Handbook Sport facilities The following values are based on top level competition and correspond to EN 12193 and EN 12464 Ra value of 80 is preferable For training purposes, a UGRL rating of 19 should bei adhered to • Aerobics 500 • Archery 200 • Athletics (all disciplines) 500 • Badminton 750 • Basketball 750 • Billards 750 • Boccia 300 • Boules 300 • Bowling 200 • Bowls 500 • Boxing (competition/training) 2000/300 • Climbing 500 • Cricket 750 • Cricket nets 1500 • Curling (target/playing area) 300/200 • Cycling 750 • Dancing (fitness) 500 • Darts 200 • Fencing 750 • Football (indoor) 750 • Gymnastics 500 • Handball 750 • Hockey 750 • Ice hockey 750 • Ice skating 750 • Judo 750 • Kendo/Karate 750 • Netball 750 • Petanque 300 • Racketball 750 • Riding 500 • Roller skating 500 • School sports 750 60 60 60 60 60 80 60 60 60 60 80 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Chapter 2 / 11 Seite 11 24.06.2004 8:45 Uhr Type of interior, task or activity Em Ra • Shooting • Snooker • Speed skating • Squash • Swimming • Swimmung (school level) • Table tennis • Tennis • Volleyball • Weight lifting • Wrestling 200 750 500 750 300 500 750 750 750 750 750 60 80 60 60 80 60 60 60 60 60 60 12 / Chapter 2 The Lighting Handbook 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd Seite 12 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of area, task or activity 8:45 Uhr Ra Em General circulation areas • Walkways exclusively for pedestrians • Traffic areas for slowly moving vehicles max. (10 km/h), e.g. bicycles, trucks and excavators • Regular vehicle traffic (max. 40 km/h) • Pedestrian passages, vehicle turning, loading and unloading points 5 20 10 20 20 20 50 20 20 30 50 50 20 40 40 40 50 20 20 20 50 20 100 40 200 40 10 20 10 20 20 50 50 50 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 20 20 50 50 20 20 20 5 20 50 20 20 20 150 150 20 20 Airports • Hangar apron • Terminal apron • Loading areas • Fuel depot Building sites • General lighting at building sites • Clearance, excavation and loading • Drain pipes mounting, transport, auxiliary and storage tasks • Framework element mounting, light reinforcement work, wooden mould and framework mounting, electric piping and cabling • Element jointing, demanding electrical, machine and pipe mountings Canals, locks and harbours • Waiting quays at canals and locks • Gangways and passages exclusively for pedestrians, waiting areas • Outport embankment ballasting at canals and locks • Lock control area • Cargo handling, loading and unloading • Passenger areas in passenger harbours • Coupling of hoses, pipes and ropes • Dangerous part of walkways and driveways. (See also parking areas) Farms • Farm yard • Equipment shed (open) • Animals sorting pen The Lighting Handbook Fuel filling service stations • Vehicle parking and storage areas • Entry and exit driveways: dark environment • Entry and exit driveways: light environment (i.e. cities) • Air pressure and water checking points and other service areas • Meter reading area Chapter 2 / 13 Seite 13 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of area, task or activity 8:45 Uhr Ra Em Industrial sites and storage areas • Short term handling of large units and raw materials, loading and unloading of solid bulk goods • Continuous handling of large units and raw materials, loading and unloading of freight, lifting and descending location for cranes, open loading platforms • Reading of addresses, covered loading platforms, use of tools, ordinary reinforcement and casting tasks in concrete plants • Demanding electrical, machine and piping installations, inspection 20 20 50 20 100 20 200 20 300 500 150 100 300 200 40 40 40 40 40 40 200 300 100 100 300 100 200 30 100 20 40 40 20 40 20 20 20 20 5 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 50 20 100 40 Off-shore gas and oil structures • Drill floor and monkey board • Rotary table • Pipe rack area/deck • Derrick • Mud room, sampling • Test station, shale shaker, wellhead Process areas: • Pumping areas • Crude oil pumps • Treatment areas • Ladders, stairs, walkways • Plant areas • Boat landing areas/transport areas • Life boat areas • Sea surface below the rig • Helideck Parking lots • Light traffic, e.g. parking lots of shops, schools, churches, terraced and apartment houses • Medium traffic, e.g. parking lots of department stores, office buildings, plants, sports and multipurpose building complexes • Heavy traffic, e.g. parking lots of major shopping centres, major sports and multipurpose building complexes • Handling of servicing tools, utilisation of manually regulated valves, starting and stopping motors, lighting of burners • Filling and emptying of container trucks and wagons with risk free substances, inspection of leakage, piping and packing • Filling and emptying of container trucks and wagons with dangerous substances, replacements of pump packing, general service work, reading of instruments 14 / Chapter 2 The Lighting Handbook Petrochemical and other hazardous industries Seite 14 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:45 Uhr Type of area, task or activity Em Ra • Repair of machines and electric devices • Fuel loading and unloading sites 200 100 60 20 5 20 50 100 100 200 20 20 20 40 40 60 15 40 20 50 40 40 50 100 50 100 20 50 40 40 40 40 40 40 10 20 20 50 100 30 20 20 40 40 40 20 10 10 100 50 10 20 20 20 20 40 20 20 40 20 20 20 50 100 200 300 20 40 40 40 Power, electricity, gas and heat plants • Pedestrian movements within electrically safe areas • Handling of servicing tools, coal • Overall inspection • General servicing work and reading of instruments • Wind tunnels: servicing and maintenance • Repair of electric devices Railway areas Passenger areas: • Open platforms, small stations, rural and local trains • Open platforms, medium-size stations, suburban and regional trains • Open platforms, large stations, inter-city services • Covered platforms, medium-size stations, suburban and regional trains • Covered platforms, large stations, inter-city services • Stairs, small and medium-size stations • Stairs, large stations • Walkways, small and medium-size stations • Walkways, big stations Freight areas: • Freight track, short duration operations • Freight track, continuous operation • Open platforms • Covered platform, short duration operations • Covered platform, continuous operation • Railway yards handling areas • Railway yards: flat marshalling, retarder and classification yards • Hump areas • Wagon inspection pit • Coupling area • Tracks in passenger station areas, including stabling • Servicing trains and locomotives • Level crossings The Lighting Handbook Saw mills • Timber handling on land and in water, sawdust and chip conveyors • Sorting of timber on land or in water, timber unloading points and sawn timber loading points, mechanical lifting to timber conveyor • Reading of addresses and markings of sawn timber • Grading and packaging • Feeding into stripping and chopping machines Chapter 2 / 15 Seite 15 02_INNENRAUM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Type of area, task or activity 8:45 Uhr Em Ra 20 50 100 200 20 20 60 60 20 40 50 20 100 200 40 60 Shipyards and docks • Short term handling of large units • Cleaning of ship hull • Painting and welding of ship hull • Mounting of electrical and mechanical components • General lighting of shipyard area, storage areas for prefabricated goods Water and sewage plants • Handling of service tools, utilisation of manually operated valves, starting and stopping of motors, piping packing and raking plants • Handling of chemicals, inspection of leakage, changing of pumps, general servicing work, reading of instruments • Repair of motors and electric devices EN 12464-1 EN 12464-2 (draft) EN 12193 by kind permission of the Austrian Norm Institute, A-1020 Vienna http://www.on-norm.at 16 / Chapter 2 The Lighting Handbook Extracts from Seite 16 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Chapter 3 Luminaires Zumtobel Staff applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4–5 X as in XENO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x-tra strong lighting accents STARFLEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modular fibre-optic system PANOS L and H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multitalented downlights PANOS S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More degrees of vertical freedom PANOS M/MWW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impressive and powerful LIGHT FIELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modular micro-pyramidal lighting system MELLOW LIGHT IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A piece of sky MIRAL T16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface-mounted louvre luminaire MIREL T16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recessed louvre luminaire MIRAL/MIREL T16 BWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louvre luminaire for sports halls AERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High-tech light with waveguide OREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Double array (waveguide luminaire) RTX II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design-oriented continuous-row lighting system LED luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From semiconductor to lighting innovation FREE-STANDING UPLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIGHT FIELDS-S, KAREA, LANOS, FLEXOS TECTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuous-row lighting system 6–7 8 – 11 12 – 13 14 15 16 – 17 18 – 19 20 – 21 22 – 23 23 24 – 26 27 28 – 29 30 – 31 32 – 33 34 – 35 Seite 1 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 2 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Office and Education • Intensifies sense of well-being • Improves human factors • Increases motivation • Creates sense of identity Industry and Engineering • Provides time reference • Prevents accidents • Reduces stress • Boosts productivity Health & Care • Encourages relaxation • Facilitates convalescence • Encourages rehabilitation • Creates feel-good atmosphere Art and Culture • Conveys information • Sets the stage for art • Structures content • Adapts concepts Presentation and Retail • Makes objects look attractive • Creates branded landscapes • Gets message across • Shopping becomes an experience Hotels and Restaurants • Creates an unmistakeable look • Paints a backdrop for events • Stimulates sense of well-being • Stimulates communication The Lighting Handbook Sport and Leisure • Facilitates identification • Encourages self discovery • Celebrates surfaces • Stimulates performance Chapter 3 / 3 Seite 3 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 4 Types of lighting Direct lighting: – highly directional – strong glare reduction at certain angles – dark ceiling (cave effect) – limited choice of workstation layout – energy-efficient – diffuse lighting conditions – room gains in height – glare-free – workstations can be positioned anywhere – low energy efficiency 4 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Indirect lighting: 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Indirect/direct lighting: – pleasant room impression – high user acceptance – good contrast ratios – flexible workstation layout (indirect component > 60 %) The Lighting Handbook Mellow Light: – indirect/direct solution for low ceiling heights – workstations can be positioned anywhere – glare-free – reduced luminance levels at all viewing angles – gives impression of daylight in room Chapter 3 / 5 Seite 5 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 6 X as in XENO – x-tra strong lighting accents XENO QR-CBC covers a huge spectrum of applications thanks to its use of low-voltage halogen cool-beam reflector lamps with beam angles from superspot to flood. 6 / Chapter 3 Basically, all spotlights have the following features: they rotate through 365°, the X-joint pivots through 90°. Low-voltage models are dimmable via rotary potentiometer on the spotlight. XENO QT 12, fitted with the QT 12–100 W low-voltage halogen lamp, as superspot 8°, spot 15° and flood 40°. With choice of additional optical systems. The Lighting Handbook XENO is a spotlight generation for professionally setting the lighting stage, providing ideal light for display, accentuation and presentation whether in shops and malls, exhibitions and trade fairs, or galleries and museums. The new spotlight-system range, with models ranging from LV halogen lamps to projection spotlights, is complemented by a huge choice of accessories such as filters, glass covers, lenses, honeycomb louvres or anti-glare blades. The Lighting Handbook 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr XENO QR 111 is particularly suitable for impressive accent lighting. Can be used with QR 111 LV halogen lamps in 50 W, 75 W or 100 W versions. XENO HST: By using high-pressure sodium vapour lamps, the spotlight (spot 10°/flood 40°) provides good colour rendition, particularly for warmer colour tones. XENO HIT-CRI has been optimised for HIT-CRI metal halide lamps with single-ended base (70 W to 150 W). PulseControl starters monitor lamp parameters and guarantee optimum performance. XENO HIT-CRI is available as superspot 10°, spot 15°, flood 35° and superflood 50°. PROJECTOR: The XENO projection spotlight is a highperformance compact spotlight system for accentuation or sharply outlined projection of logos, gobos or slides. Separate motor control of slide and colour magazine allows the use of various patterns and colour filters. Chapter 3 / 7 Seite 7 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 8 STARFLEX – Modular fibre optic system System components Light engine Accessories QR-CBC 50 W/100 W Colour-wheel module HIT 35 W/70 W Sparkle-effect wheel module HIT 150 W/250 W HIT 150 W/250 W controllable IP 54 150 W/250 W IP 54 150 W/250 W controllable 8 / Chapter 3 Colour temperature correction filters The Lighting Handbook Static colour filters 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Optical fibres 8:46 Uhr Light outlets (selection) Adjustable light outlet Terminal light emitting glass fibres Crystal light outlet Terminal light emitting PMMA fibres Light outlet for stairway/path lighting Side-radiating PMMA fibres The Lighting Handbook Curved tube light outlet Projection attachment Chapter 3 / 9 Seite 9 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 10 Properties and applications of optical fibres Fibre Properties material Glass – can withstand relatively high temperatures (up to 110 °C) – extremely long service life (in excess of 20 years) – relatively tight bending radius – projects preferring relatively warm light colour PMMA – cheaper than glass – life time in excess of 20 years – projects involving relatively cool light colour – choice of side-radiating or terminal light emitting fibres – side-radiating and terminal light-emitting fibres can be combined in a single fibre bundle – fibre bundle can optionally be assembled on site Applications – glass display cases in museums – saunas and steam baths – hotel and restaurant lighting – applications requiring high levels of illumination – retail shop windows, display shelving and show cases – starry skies in hotels and wellness areas – outdoor lighting or in areas with high air humidity Assembly of glass fibre bundles 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.0 mm 4.5 mm 6.0 mm Outer diameter Maximum number of sheathing of individual fibres per common end spigot 2.2 mm 615 2.7 mm 307 3.9 mm 176 4.9 mm 79 6.4 mm 36 8.7 mm 20 Minimum bending radius 7 mm 11 mm 14 mm 21 mm 32 mm 42 mm Length-dependent correction factors (attenuation) for glass fibre cables 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8 m 9 m 10 m 0.93 0.87 0.81 0.76 0.71 0.66 0.62 0.57 0.54 0.50 10 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Active diameter of fibre cable 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Assembly of PMMA fibre bundles (terminal light emission, factory-assembled) Active diameter of fibre cable 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.0 mm 4.5 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm Outer diameter Maximum number of sheathing of individual fibres per common end spigot crimped/spliced 2.2 mm 575/300 2.7 mm 342/165 4.0 mm 143/70 5.0 mm 72/35 6.5 mm 37/18 8.5 mm 20/10 10.5 mm 13/6 12.0 mm 8/4 Minimum bending radius 8 mm 12 mm 16 mm 24 mm 36 mm 48 mm 60 mm 75 mm Length-dependent correction factors (attenuation) for PMMA cables 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8 m 9 m 10 m 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.69 0.65 0.62 Assembly of PMMA fibre bundles (side radiation, factory-assembled) The Lighting Handbook Outer diameter Maximum number of of sheathing individual fibres per common end spigot (crimped) 4.5 mm 80 8.0 mm 19 11.0 mm 11 14.0 mm 6 Maximum number of individual fibres per common end spigot (spliced) 40 10 5 3 Chapter 3 / 11 Seite 11 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 12 PANOS L and H – Multi-talented downlights PANOS L Recessed depth of just 100 mm. Also suitable for use with VDT workstations thanks to radial louvre. PANOS H Satisfies the most stringent glare limitation requirements without the need for accessories. HF/LF The precision-shaped facets provide brilliant effects, reduced luminance levels and optimum efficiency. HG/LG Highly specular darklight reflector optic for glare-free working at the highest level. HM/LM Good looks are guaranteed by this matt reflector optic with reduced dust sensitivity. HL/LL The white reflector optic is a perfect match for the decorative accessories. HWW The special ribbed structure of the reflector produces asymmetrical light distribution, ideal for highlighting vertical surfaces. 12 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Reflectors and their applications 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Attachments for interior design (selection) IP 54 kit, clear glass Akamar IP 54 kit, opal glass Adhara IP 54 kit, structured glass Alhena PANOS L and H with compact fluorescent lamps (TC) PANOS L PANOS H Diameter 175 mm 200 mm 250 mm 175 mm 200 mm 250 mm Wattage 13–26 W 18–26 W 26–57 W 13–26 W 18–42 W 26–57 W Mounting depth 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 120 mm 150 mm 190 mm Installation instructions The Lighting Handbook No-tool installation The mounting ring made of diecast aluminium is fitted without tools using spring clips. Combined reflector/flange unit The reflector/flange unit is installed by means of a “twist and lock mechanism” without any tools. The ballast box has a rapid locking device and forms a preassembled luminaire unit with the reflector. Chapter 3 / 13 Seite 13 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 14 PANOS S – More degrees of vertical freedom The innovative tilting principle allows 45° pivoting into the ceiling and up to 60° pivoting out of the ceiling, with horizontal rotation through 360°. A convenient grip clip makes positioning easy. rotates through 360° When pivoted at 60°, it can illuminate the wall from the ceiling down, or light the top surface of a shelf. A choice of flood or spot reflectors are available. With completely independent adjustment of lighting head and housing possible, PANOS S works like a spotlight with antiglare blades to prevent seeing directly into the lamp. Diameter 100 mm 150 mm 200 mm 14 / Chapter 3 Lamps QT-LP 12 QR-CBC 51 QT-LP 12 HIT QT-LP 12 QR 111 HIT HST Wattage 75 W 50 W 100 W 20–70 W 100 W 100 W 70–150 W 100 W Mounting depth 125 mm 125 mm 145 mm 145 mm 230 mm 230 mm 230/240 mm 230 mm The Lighting Handbook Pivoting into the ceiling at 45° enables asymmetrical light distribution for an unobtrusive and calm ceiling effect. 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr PANOS M/MWW – Impressive and powerful PANOS M Metal reflector for high thermal stability. Die-cast aluminium mounting rings and cooling attachment. Ideal for lamps with high heat output. PANOS MTE Dust and dirt stand no chance on the Teflon-coated surface. The high-tech Teflon material also results in efficiencies up to 10 % higher than conventional surface finishes. The Lighting Handbook PANOS MWW The sophisticated wallwasher with asymmetrical light distribution looks just like its rotationally symmetrical counterparts when installed in the ceiling, ensuring a consistent interior design. Wide range of lamps PANOS M and MWW can accommodate a huge range of lamps. For the lighting designer, this means complete freedom when professionally setting the lighting stage. Chapter 3 / 15 Seite 15 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 16 LIGHT FIELDS – Modular micro-pyramidal lighting system Design by Sottsass Associati Pure innovation for the office Micro-pyramidal optic base micro-pyramidal layer for directing the light diffuser layer 16 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Even in surface-mounted and recessed luminaires, the sandwich construction of the micro-pyramidal optic ensures both glare control in conformity with standards and reduced luminance for direct illumination – ideal for office lighting according to standard EN 12464. 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Available as recessed/surface-mounted/pendant/ free-standing or cluster luminaires, they are ideal for the more stylish office, with EN 12464 compliance over a range of ceiling heights and floor areas. M 625 M 600 Recessed 1198 x 298 2/28 W T16 1498 x 298 2/35 W T16 598 x 598 4/14 W T16 1248 x 310 2/28 W T16 1548 x 310 2/35 W T16 623 x 623 4/14 W T16 Surfacemounted 1248 x 310 2/28 W T16 1548 x 310 2/35 W T16 623 x 623 4/14 W T16 The Lighting Handbook LIGHT FIELDS model Recessed L-FIELDS E 4 x 4/14 W T16 L-FIELDS E 4 x 2/28 W T16 L-FIELDS E 4 x 2/28 W T16 L-FIELDS E 6 x 4/14 W T16 Surface-mounted L-FIELDS A 4 x 4/14 W T16 L-FIELDS A 4 x 2/28 W T16 L-FIELDS A 3 x 2/35 W T16 L-FIELDS A 4 x 2/28 W T16 L-FIELDS A 6 x 4/14 W T16 ID pendant 1248 x 310 2/54 W T16 1548 x 310 2/49 W T16 623 x 623 4/24 W T16 Free-standing luminaire 3/55 W TCL 3/80 W TCL 1-person office 2-person office • • • • 3-person office • • • • • • • • Chapter 3 / 17 Seite 17 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 18 MELLOW LIGHT IV – A piece of sky T16 lamp Colour filter (optional) Light scattering (diffuse reflection from surface) Light scattering (diffuse reflection from surface) Reflector Enclosed lighting chamber Light scattering (opal translucent material) Colour filter (optional) T16 lamp Optic (louvre or diffuser) 18 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Reflector Enclosed lighting chamber Light scattering (opal translucent material) Optic (louvre or diffuser) 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Diffuser optic • Optic can be fitted without tools • Optic has “fly-proof” seal • Diffuser optic with slotted sheet steel for all-round glare control • Suitable for glare control on upright and steeply inclined displays • Mounting kit required for concealed ceiling systems and sawn cut-outs • “Dimmable DALI” luminaires contain a DALI-controllable electronic ballast and are suitable for all DALI and Luxmate Professional applications. MELLOW LIGHT IV recessed luminaire with slotted sheet steel diffuser optic • Recessed sheet steel housing with die-cast structure • Lighting chamber made of high purity PMMA diffuserpearl material • Lighting chamber can be backlit in colour using colour filters 76 T16 MELLOW LIGHT IV dimensions 105,6 LxB 42 81 TC-L B The Lighting Handbook Module 600 Module 625 Cat. no. L W H Cat. no. L W H 24 W T16 623 623 81 24 W T16 598 598 81 28 W T16 1248 310 76 28 W T16 1198 298 76 35 W T16 1548 310 76 35 W T16 1498 298 76 49 W T16 1548 310 76 49 W T16 1498 298 76 54 W T16 1248 310 76 54 W T16 1198 298 76 55 W TC-L 623 623 81 55 W TC-L 598 598 81 Calculating the size of the sawn cut-out in the ceiling: length/width of ceiling cut-out = length/width of luminaire –16 mm Chapter 3 / 19 Seite 19 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 20 MIRAL T16 – Surface-mounted louvre luminaire Complete louvre luminaire range: – surface-mounted luminaire – indirect/direct pendant luminaire – wallwasher Application: offices, schools, shops Benefits: – BIVERGENZ® plus lighting technology – quick installation thanks to – mounting bracket – pre-fitted lamp – protective film Fold up Light source included MIRAL T16 is pre-fitted with an LF840 lamp (LF830 available on request). This keeps the installation effort to a minimum, saving the time, resources and energy that would otherwise be spent on lamp procurement, transport and temporary storage. Packaging The mounting brackets are located ready for use outside the box so there is no need to open it. Advantage: the luminaire remains protected in its packaging during pre-installation. The installation instructions and drilling template are printed on the outside of the box. 20 / Chapter 3 Snap in Electrical connection Quick installation is also guaranteed thanks to the exactly centered 5-pole plug-in terminal (CE-compliant) easily accessible from outside the luminaire. Thus the connecting cable can be fitted conveniently and in minimum time without needing to open the luminaire housing. Protective film A special self-adhesive protective film made of recyclable material offers optimum protection against louvre soiling. MIRAL T16 can therefore be fully installed whilst building work is still in progress, and even used to light the construction site. Once the building is finished, simply pull away the film which leaves no residue. The Lighting Handbook Lay in 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd Traditional installation 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr MIRAL T16 installation The Lighting Handbook Traditional installation for the electrician meant four trips up and down the ladder, two operations with the electric screwdriver. MIRAL T16 installation for the electrician means getting the same result in half the time! Chapter 3 / 21 Seite 21 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 22 MIREL T16 – Recessed louvre luminaire Complete louvre luminaire range: – narrow recessed luminaire – recessed luminaire module – wallwasher Application: offices Benefits: – BIVERGENZ® plus lighting technology – ergonomic installation – pre-fitted lamp – Balanced Colour BIVERGENZ® plus The secret of success of Zumtobel Staff’s louvre luminaire is: ONE (BIVERGENZ technology) plus ONE (UniQue blade) = FOUR (benefits) ® The patented BIVERGENZ® technology, based on 25 years of experience, has two new features developed specifically with the new European standard EN 12464 in mind: a higherreflection coating in the latest materials, and the innovative freeform surface technology of the UniQue blade. Divergence Convergence This provides FOUR benefits: – Optimum uniformity thanks to practically ideal batwing distribution of direct light – Standard narrow-width louvre for fitting one or two lamps – Maximum efficiency thanks to louvre material increasing reflection 22 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook – Gentle all-round glare control in conformity with the new EN 12464 standard 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Solutions MIREL T16 in continuous-row lighting system Straightforward installation of a continuous row system with clean, visually unbroken lines in the narrow louvre design. Emergency lighting components Power failure? No problem thanks to optional emergency lighting components! Electrical connection Optionally available with Euro, T12 or Wieland connectors, built-in or with cable. Integrated light source Option of complete luminaire with pre-fitted lamp for straightforward, fast installation: unpack the luminaire, fit, remove protective film, and it’s done! Air extraction openings Through special openings in the standard luminaire housing, used air from the room flows directly into the ventilated ceiling. Extensive measurement data is available to assist accurate air-handling calculations. Lighting control system Requirements for lighting intensity and lighting scene vary: optional LUXMATE lighting control components can be used for easy control of MIREL T16 luminaires and dynamic light changes. The Lighting Handbook MIRAL/MIREL T16 BWS – Louvre luminaire for sports halls Louvre luminaire range: – Surface-mounted luminaire BWS T16 – Recessed luminaire BWS T16 – Trunking installation accessories Benefits: – High luminous efficiency thanks to T16 lamp – Narrow housing thanks to 2-in-1 lamp capability (two lamps in one louvre panel) – Good price/performance ratio Application: sports halls Chapter 3 / 23 Seite 23 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 24 AERO – High-tech light with waveguide Principle of operation Directional light emission in batwing distribution Light distribution Operating efficiency η = 70 % (2/54W) I : D = 75 % : 25 % 560 cd/m2 at 60° Reduced luminance levels 24 / Chapter 3 3800 cd/m2 at 30° The Lighting Handbook 2900 cd/m2 at 0° 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr AERO waveguide luminaire Models and designs Geometric 2 x 54 W T5–16 mm Softline 2 x 28 W T5–16 mm Softline semi-transparent The Lighting Handbook Features and typical applications Features Effect Application Reduced luminance levels No direct or reflected glare Offices with modern office equipment (standard screens, flat-panel displays, VDTs) Lamps cannot be seen from any angle Restricted brightness Flat-panel displays, e.g. in doctors’ surgeries Indirect/direct ratio 75:25 Ceiling pleasantly illuminated, good modelling, good contrast rendition Ceiling heights of 2.50 m or more, flexible workstation layout Light directed using microprismatic arrays Louvre-like directional light distribution, easy to clean Rooms with longer maintenance intervals Chapter 3 / 25 Seite 25 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr Seite 26 AERO with SLC® technology Principle of operation (SLC® lateral light coupler) See OREA luminaire 26 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook – See OREA luminaire for description of lighting technology 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:46 Uhr OREA – Double array (waveguide luminaire) OGZ-ID 2/54 Principle of operation (SLC® lateral light coupler) The Lighting Handbook – directional direct-light component with reduced luminance of to L ≤ 2,500 cd/m2 at 65° for standard situations – luminaires can be arranged freely in the room, including directly above workstations (except where flat-panel displays are used) – direct component approximately 5 % higher than AERO Chapter 3 / 27 Seite 27 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:47 Uhr Seite 28 RTX II – Design-oriented continuous row lighting system Design by Charles Keller Avant-garde in terms of both material and shape Application: offices and schools Individual luminaires and continuous row systems: – Pure aluminium – Matt bivergent or darklight reflector optic – Wallwasher for illuminating blackboards – Decorative optics Typical applications RTX II-C 1/35W 1/49W 1/54W 1/80W 2/28W 2/35W 2/49W 2/54W Day school Technical college/ evening school Office Office with DSE Open-plan office Technical drawing RTX II-D Day school Technical college/ evening school Office Office with DSE Open-plan office Technical drawing 28 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook 1/35W 1/49W 1/54W 1/80W 2/28W 2/35W 2/49W 2/54W 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:47 Uhr RTX II Wallwasher RTX II 1 x 49 W RTX II 1 x 54 W RTX II 1 x 80 W RTX RTX RTX RTX II II II II 2 x 28 W 2 x 35 W 2 x 49 W 2 x 54 W 300 Lux 0.20 (Day school) 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 blackboard – luminaire distance [m] optimum range possible range possible range under certain conditions* * Use strongly depends on architectural parameters and luminaire arrangement. RTX II 1 x 80 W RTX II 2 x 49 W RTX II 2 x 54 W 500 Lux (Evening school and technical colleges) 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 blackboard – luminaire distance [m] optimum range possible range The Lighting Handbook possible range under certain conditions* * Use strongly depends on architectural parameters and luminaire arrangement. Chapter 3 / 29 Seite 29 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:47 Uhr Seite 30 LED luminaires – From semiconductor to lighting innovation Static and dynamic light Overview of LED luminaires static dynamic LEDOS RG LEDOS RGB LEDOS M PHAOS LED lighting tile PHAOS Lighting tube LEDOS B KAVA LED PHAOS Spotlight PHAOS Line – long service life = low maintenance costs – low power consumption = minimum operating costs – vibration and impact-proof – compact size – high colour stability – efficient control thanks to simple control system – low heat generation 30 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Benefits of LED technology Diameter of circular luminaires Dimensions of square luminaires IP Voltage Name Colours 85 x 85 100 x 100 120 x 120 54/67 24 V 230 V 80 x 80 80 x 115 20/54 24 V 230 V 100 x 100 KAVA LED Blue Yellow Green Red White 120 67 24 V 120 x 120 120 LEDOS RG Alternately red/green dynamic 67 230 V 120 x 120 LEDOS RGB Full spectrum 20 24 V 228 x 228 PHAOS Lighting tile Full spectrum 20 24 V 310 900 PHAOS Lighting tube Full spectrum 67 230 V 310 x 100 900 x 100 PHAOS Line* Full spectrum 8:47 Uhr Chapter 3 / 31 * only available as analog version 20 230 V PHAOS Spotlight Full spectrum 24.06.2004 67/68 24 V LEDOS B Blue Yellow Green Red White 85/100/120 LEDOS M Blue Yellow Green Red White 65 static Technical data (selection) The Lighting Handbook 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd Seite 31 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:47 Uhr Seite 32 FREE-STANDING UPLIGHTS – LIGHT FIELDS-S, KAREA, LANOS, FLEXOS … enable personal adjustment and control to suit viewing conditions and the visual task in hand; … can be adjusted easily and economically to evolving office situations; … allow individual illumination of the workstation; … use sensors to provide optimum user convenience and large potential energy savings. … can be placed in the optimum position, making the whole office space useable; LIGHT FIELDS-S KAREA • Free-standing uplight with indirect/direct light distribution • 3/55 W or 3/80 W TC-L • Direct light component with micro-pyramidal optic (MPO) with defined glare-free light emission L < 1000 cd/m2 at 60°/65° • Luminaire head and stand made of anodised aluminium • SensControl LCD with built-in display for intuitive operation • Free-standing luminaire with indirect/direct light distribution 4/55 W TC-L • Extremely flat angular luminaire head • Direct light component with perforated metal optic • Angular aluminium stand • Optionally available with SensControl lighting management system • SensControl LCD with built-in display for intuitive operation • Colour: titanium 32 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook Free-standing uplights … 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 LANOS FLEXOS • Free-standing luminaire with indirect/direct light distribution 4/55 W TC-L • Luminaire head with lateral perforated metal refractors • Stand made of aluminium extrusion • Two-step switching (50/100 %) • Optionally available with SensControl lighting management system • SensControl LCD with built-in display for intuitive operation • Colour: titanium • Free-standing luminaire with indirect/direct light distribution, with 1 to 4 heads • Direct light component with louvre optic or perforated metal optic • 2/55 W TC-L per head • Optimum two-point adjustment of each luminaire head in relation to workstation • Optionally available with SensControl lighting management system • Single- and twin-head version dimmable via touch switch • Colour: titanium SensControl LCD The Lighting Handbook 8:47 Uhr SensControl LCD is the highly convenient SensControl lighting management system for LIGHT FIELDS-S, LANOS, FLEXOS and KAREA uplights. The main feature is a small LCD display which provides details of the various operating states and settings. Straightforward menu-driven software allows near-intuitive control of the luminaire and easy programming of individual functions. Besides individual adjustment of the daylight sensor and presence detector, SensControl LCD also makes it possible to call up preset profiles, program switch-on times or select the menu language desired at the press of a button. This innovative electronic system combines intelligent technology with optimum operating convenience. Chapter 3 / 33 Seite 33 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:47 Uhr Seite 34 TECTON – continuous-row lighting system TECTON Compact TECTON Retail 34 / Chapter 3 The Lighting Handbook TECTON-I Industry 03_LEUCHTEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:47 Uhr TECTON provides flexibility Layout changes occur at ever shorter intervals in retail, business and industry, demanding maximum flexibility from any continuous-row lighting system. TECTON allows the luminaire modules to be placed anywhere on the trunking. Technical alterations to the lighting can also be made on site, with 11-pole wiring allowing any modifications in terms of brightness control or emergency lighting supply in conformity with relevant standards. TECTON saves on installation costs “The easier, the better”. The specially designed power conductor integrated in the trunking revolutionises installation, making TECTON both versatile and easy to handle. Not only does this save time, but lower qualified and hence cheaper staff can do the work. All components can be combined logically and simply in the modular system, reducing TECTON installation costs by up to 60 percent through time savings, depending on the continuous row configuration chosen. TECTON provides safety TECTON provides safety in several ways: – At the design stage, by the integration of mains lighting, emergency lighting and control; The Lighting Handbook – By the clear separation of emergency and escape-sign luminaires in two emergency-lighting circuits; – By the ONLITE emergency luminaire range that can be fully customized to the TECTON system for safety and reliability of the lighting solution in conformity with relevant standards. Chapter 3 / 35 Seite 35 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 1 Chapter 4 Lamps and ballasts Lamp selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamp characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The main lamp types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application notes, T16 fluorescent lamps . . . . . . . . . . A comparison of fluorescent lamps – T16/T26 . . . . . . Application notes, compact fluorescent lamps . . . . . . . Application notes, metal halide lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characteristics of metal halide lamps 250 + 400 W . . Lamp names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of lamp names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characteristic values of the major lamps . . . . . . . . . . . Energy efficiency of luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties of dimmable electronic ballasts . . . . . . . . . Power consumption, energy savings, required power . . 2 3 4–8 9 – 10 11 12 – 13 14 15 – 16 17 17 18 – 22 23 24 25 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 2 Choosing the right lamp – An important first decision Choosing the right lamp depends on what is required of the lighting (see Chapter 5 / 2). For instance, incandescent lamps are still the most popular lighting option used in domestic areas to help create that cosy atmosphere. Even though the lamps may generate little light, the poor efficiency is acceptable because they are comparatively cheap to buy and are normally on for short periods. In other situations, users happily tolerate the higher purchase price of discharge lamps because their high luminous efficiency and long lifetime make them economic. Thus it is part of the expertise of the lighting designer to find the most suitable lamp for a lighting task. Lamp characteristics can essentially be specified by the following key terms: Lamp power Warm-up time Service life Light colour Colour rendition Dimming capability Burning position Lamp characteristics Re-start time The Lighting Handbook Luminous flux/ efficiency 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 3 The Lighting Handbook Lamp characteristics 1. Power The electrical power consumption of the lamp as opposed to the power consumption of a system comprising lamp and ballast. 2. Luminous flux/luminous efficiency The luminous flux specifies the total amount of light generated by a lamp. The rated luminous flux is measured at a standardised measurement temperature of 25 °C in units of lumen [lm]. The ratio of luminous flux to electrical power consumption gives the luminous efficiency [lm/W]. The system luminous efficiency also includes the power consumption of the ballast. 3. Service life The average service life is normally specified, being the time by which statistically half the lamps are still working (mortality). The drop in luminous flux also needs to be taken into account. 4. Light colour The light colour describes the colour impression made by a white light source as relatively warm (ww = warm) or relatively cool (nw = intermediate, tw = cool). It is affected by the red and blue colour components in the spectrum. 5. Colour rendition The spectral components of the light determine how well various object colours can be reproduced. The higher the colour rendition index (Ra or CRI), or the lower the colour rendition group number, the better the colour rendition in comparison with the optimum reference light. 6. Warm-up time Discharge lamps in particular need between 30 seconds and several minutes to warm up and output the full luminous flux. 7. Re-start High-pressure discharge lamps need to cool down for several minutes before they can be started again. 8. Dimming capability Besides incandescent and halogen incandescent lamps, nowadays all fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps can also be dimmed over almost any range. Metal halide lamps, however, are still not approved by the manufacturers for dimming, because this may have uncontrollable effects on light quality and lamp service life. The power of highpressure sodium- and mercury-vapour lamps can be varied, but only in discrete levels. 9. Burning position Manufacturers specify the permitted burning positions for their lamps. For some metal halide lamps, only certain burning positions are allowed so as to avoid unstable operating states. Compact fluorescent lamps may usually be used in any burning position, although important properties such as the luminous flux vs. temperature curve may vary with position. Chapter 4 / 3 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 4 Halogen lamps The main lamp types Halogen lamps • For mains and low-voltage • Brilliant light • Excellent colour rendition operation • Applications: retail • Longer service life and and domestic areas, higher luminous efficiency restaurants and than incandescent lamps catering • Easy to dim 4 / Chapter 4 The Lighting Handbook How they work Current flows through a filament and heats it up, just as in incandescent lamps. These lamps therefore generate a relatively large amount of heat. The halogen cycle increases the efficiency and extends the service life compared with traditional incandescent lamps. Low-voltage types are very small and are ideal for precise direction of light, but do require a transformer. Fluorescent lamps 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Fluorescent lamps • High to very high luminous efficiency (in particular T16 HE) • Good to excellent colour rendition 8:49 Uhr Seite 5 • Long service life • Extensive range of types • Dimmable The Lighting Handbook Compact fluorescent lamps How they work An alternating electric field generates invisible UV radiation between the two electrodes in the discharge tube. This radiation is converted into high-quality visible light in the fluorescent material. The lamps need a starting aid and a current limiting device, usually combined in an electronic ballast. The luminous flux is highly dependent on the ambient temperature. Compact fluorescent lamps • Compact designs • High luminous efficiency • Excellent colour rendition • Extensive range of types • Dimmable • Applications: commercial and high-profile interiors, restaurants and catering How they work These lamps are compact versions of the linear or circular fluorescent lamps, and operate in a very similar way. The luminous flux depends on the burning position and temperature. Chapter 4 / 5 Metal halide lamps 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 6 Metal halide lamps • High luminous efficiency • Cannot be dimmed • Good to excellent colour • Applications: industrial rendition bays, spotlighting, • High colour stability for cer- floodlighting, retail amic discharge-tube lamps areas 6 / Chapter 4 The Lighting Handbook How they work In metal halide lamps, a highly compact electric arc is produced in a discharge tube. The composition of the materials in the tube determines the light quality. A starter is needed to switch on the lamp, and the current must be limited by a ballast. Practical electronic ballasts are also available for low-power lamps. The use of ceramic discharge tubes further improves the lamp properties. 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 7 Sodium vapour lamps Colour-improved (Philips SDW): • Excellent colour rendition • Warm light • Long service life • Application: retail areas Sodium vapour lamps • High luminous efficiency and long service life • Satisfactory to poor colour rendition • Can be dimmed in discrete steps • Applications: industrial bays, street lighting The Lighting Handbook Mercury vapour lamps How they work The discharge in the linearly extended ceramic discharge tube is defined by sodium, so the light is yellowish and only suitable for special applications. The colour-improved SDW lamp by Philips is a popular choice for lighting retail areas. A starter is usually needed to switch on the lamp, and the current must be limited by a ballast. Mercury vapour lamps • No starter, just ballast required • Satisfactory to poor colour rendition • Can be dimmed in discrete steps • Applications: industrial bays, street lighting How they work The high-pressure mercury vapour lamp is actually the forerunner to the modern metal halide lamp, although it provides a far poorer light quality. The lamps can be started at mains voltage, and so only need a ballast for current limiting. Chapter 4 / 7 Induction lamps 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 QL • 55 W, 85 W and 165 W • Rotationally symmetrical light distribution • Applications: areas where it is difficult to replace 8:49 Uhr Seite 8 lamps; commercial and industrial interiors, retail, indoor and outdoor public areas 8 / Chapter 4 The Lighting Handbook How they work A high-frequency electromagnetic field is coupled into the glass bulb via an antenna protruding into the bulb. This produces UV radiation which is then converted into visible light by fluorescent material, just as in fluorescent lamps. The amalgam technology used in these lamps makes their luminous flux only very slightly temperature-dependent. The lamps can only be operated with special electronic ballasts. Systems have a very long service life because the only parts subject to wear are in these ballasts. As yet there are no dimmable electronic ballasts available. 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 9 Application notes T16 fluorescent lamps T16 lamps differ from T26 versions in several characteristics that the user should be particularly aware of. 1. Luminous flux – temperature curve As for all fluorescent lamps, the lamp’s luminous flux is temperature-dependent. The maximum value is obtained at an optimum ambient temperature, with losses increasing at higher and lower temperatures. The T16 basically follows the same curve as the T26, but the maximum occurs not at an ambient temperature of 20 to 25 °C but at about 35 °C. The reason for this is that the cool spot of the T16 lamp does not lie in the centre of the lamp but typically at one end of the tube near the lamp end. The rated luminous flux is generally specified for an ambient temperature of 25 °C. For the T16, the maximum value therefore lies above this rated value. Thus luminaire efficiencies may have levels greater than “1”. % 100 80 T26 58 W 60 T16 40 T26 36 W 20 -20 0 20 40 60 80 °C The Lighting Handbook Ambient temperature Chapter 4 / 9 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 10 2. Lamp orientation Owing to the two electrodes (tube ends) not being identical in design, it matters how one or more lamps are fitted in the luminaires. In general, lamp ends should always have the same orientation i.e. in multi-lamp luminaires they should lie next to each other, and where lamps are positioned vertically, they should preferably also be at the bottom. For cool environments it may be practical to choose a different orientation. single-lamp multi-lamp normal ambient temperature cool ambient temperature 3. Ageing/burning in 10 / Chapter 4 The Lighting Handbook Brand new lamps stabilise during the ageing phase. This is the period immediately after the lamps are switched on for the first time, when the initially encapsulated mercury is vaporised and evenly distributed in the lamp. To ensure perfect operation, one should allow a period of 2 to 4 days of operation without dimming or switching, particularly in dimming installations. Unstabilised lamps may differ in brightness and light colour, even exhibiting flickering at low dimming levels. One should also wait for proper ageing before assessing the illuminance level and the light quality. This ageing has no effect on the lamp service life. 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 11 A comparison of fluorescent lamps – T16/T26 Advantages of T16 fluorescent lamps – – – – Reduction in the lamp diameter by about 40 % Higher optical efficiencies possible Improved luminous efficiency Improved luminaire efficiencies from the shift in the luminous-flux peak – Standardised luminance levels for all lamp lengths for high-efficiency lamps – Larger range of types makes it easier to meet lighting requirements more closely Summary type comparison (selection): Length 549 mm 849 mm 1149 mm 1449 mm T16 Power Rated luminous flux (25°) 14 W 1200 lm 24 W 1750 lm 21 W 1900 lm 39 W 3100 lm 28 W 2600 lm 54 W 4450 lm 35 W 3300 lm 49 W 4300 lm 80 W 6150 lm T26 Power Rated luminous flux (25°) 590 mm 18 W 1350 lm Length 895 mm 30 W 2350 lm 1200 mm 36 W 3350 lm 1500 mm 58 W 5200 lm Example of interior lighting using T16 and T26 The Lighting Handbook Room dimensions: length = 8 m, width = 6 m, height = 3 m Reflection factors: ceiling = 70 %, walls = 50 %, floor = 20 % Required maintenance value of illuminance: 500 lx Option 1: SPHEROS ind/direct luminaire, matt louvre, 2/36 W electr. ballast Option 2: SPHEROS ind/direct luminaire, matt louvre, 2/28 W electr. ballast Option 1 2/36 W Number of luminaires 8 Max. lamp luminous efficiency 93 lm/W Power consumption per m2 per 100 lx 2.2 W/m2/100 lx Luminaire efficiency 85 % Utilization factor 66 % Energy saving Option 2 2/28 W 8 104 lm/W 2.0 W/m2/100 lx 91 % 73 % 10 % Chapter 4 / 11 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 12 Application notes Compact fluorescent lamps 1. Amalgam lamps The strong temperature dependence of the luminous flux of traditional fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps can be compensated by adding amalgam (mercury compound). This helps to somewhat check the steep drop-off at higher or lower temperatures, so that at least 90 % of the maximum luminous flux is achieved over a wide temperature range of about +5 to +70 °C. Above and below this range, however, the light level still falls off sharply. The tables provide an overview of those major without amalgam TC-T, TC-TE manufacturers’ 13 W 18 W 26 W 32 W 42 W lamps in the TC-T design (three-fold Osram 2-pin DULUX T X X X double tube) that Osram 4-pin have added X X X X X DULUX T/E amalgam. GE 2-pin BIAX T Sylvania 2-pin Lynx CF-T X X X X X with amalgam TC-TI, TC-TELI, TC-QELI 13 W 18 W 26 W 32 W 42 W 57 W 60 W 70 W 85 W 120 W X 12 / Chapter 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X The Lighting Handbook Osram 2-pin DULUX T IN Osram 4-pin DULUX T/E IN Philips 2-pin PL-T 2p Philips 4-pin PL-T 4p GE 4-pin BIAX T/E BIAX Q/E Sylvania 4-pin Lynx CF-TE 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 13 2. Lamp orientation The Lighting Handbook The luminous flux from compact fluorescent lamps is highly dependent on the burning position. The light output ratio can therefore be maximized by inserting the lamps correctly. Standard types have a cool spot in the exposed lamp bend, so that self-heating and convection may lead to a temperature rise here. In amalgam lamps, the cool spot lies in the lamp base. In compact luminaires with horizontal lamp arrangement (e.g. downlights), it is therefore recommended to fit the lamps with electrodes uppermost wherever possible. Since the lamp end does not allow consistent identification of the electrode position, that lamp side on which adjacent tubes are not connected should be placed uppermost – these are the two tube ends containing the internal electrodes. The exception to this is the PHILIPS PL-T, in which the electrodes are arranged diagonally. Either possible orientation of these lamps is equivalent. Chapter 4 / 13 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 14 Application notes Metal halide lamps 1. Ballasts The manufacturers of metal halide lamps use a range of operating principles, resulting in different electrical operating values. Some lamps are therefore approved for operation both with ballasts for metal halide lamps (e.g. COPA I 1/400 HIE) and with ballasts for high-pressure sodium vapour lamps (e.g. COPA I 1/400 HSE). The higher operating current then leads to higher luminous flux levels for the same lamps together with a slightly altered light quality. In both cases suitable starters are required. 2. Glass covers In general, metal halide lamps require a glass cover to protect people and property in the event of the lamp exploding. It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to decide whether to permit individual lamp types to be used in uncovered luminaires. Suitable safety devices are installed in the lamps for this purpose (e.g. integral safety tube, outer protective coating). The detailed information from the manufacturer must be observed without fail. 3. Service life characteristics 14 / Chapter 4 The Lighting Handbook The average lamp service life (lamp survival factor) and the reduction in luminous flux (lamp luminous flux maintenance factor) can vary markedly in some of the different lamp types. They also depend on the switching frequency and the position of use. Once again the detailed data from the manufacturer must be taken into account. The maintenance factor tables in Chapter 8 contain some typical values. Ellipsoid E40 any yes Tube E40 any no Ellipsoid E40 vertical ±15° no 25,500 lm 3,800 K 69 20,000 lm 5,300 K 90 25,500 lm 3,800 K 69 19,000 lm 4,300 K 69 20,000 h Ellipsoid E40 vertical ±15° yes HPI-PLUS 250 W BU-P 23,000 lm 4,000 K 65 19,000 lm 4,500 K 65 20,000 h Tube E40 horizontal ±20° no HPI-T PLUS 250 W 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr All data subject to change. For reliable information and data on other lamp types, please refer to the manufacturer’s data. 19,000 lm 4,300 K 69 not permitted 12,000 h 12,000 h 12,000 h 20,000 h See maintenance factors in Chapter 8 “Calculation of economic efficiency” Ellipsoid E40 any no PHILIPS HPI-PLUS 250 W-BU HQI-T 250 W/D HQI-E 250 W/D HQI-E/P 250 W/D OSRAM Operation with metal-halide lamp ballast (HI) Luminous flux not permitted not permitted Colour temperature Colour rendition index Ra Operation with high-pressure sodium-vapour lamp ballast (HS) Luminous flux 19,000 lm 17,000 lm Colour temperature 5,200 K 6,000 K Colour rendition index Ra 90 90 Design Base Burning position Approved for operation in uncovered luminaires Average service life Reduction in luminous flux The Lighting Handbook 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd Seite 15 Characteristics of metal halide lamps 250 W Chapter 4 / 15 PHILIPS no no Tube E40 horizontal ±45° no 20,000 h Ellipsoid E40 horizontal ±20° no 20,000 h Tube E40 horizontal ±20° no 8:49 Uhr All data subject to change. For reliable information and data on other lamp types, please refer to the manufacturer’s data. Operation with high-pressure sodium-vapour lamp ballast (HS) Luminous flux 30,000 lm 27,000 lm 43,000 lm 45,000 lm 32,000 lm 42,000 lm 42,500 lm 42,500 lm 35,000 lm 38,000 lm Colour temperature 5,900 K 4,500 K 4,000 K 4,000 K 5,200 K 3,700 K 3,800 K 3,800 K 3,800 K 4,000 K Colour rendition index Ra 90 90 70 70 90 65 69 69 69 65 Operation with metal-halide lamp ballast (HI) Luminous flux 26,000 lm 23,000 lm 34,000 lm 36,000 lm 25,000 lm 34,000 lm 35,000 lm 35,000 lm 30,000 lm 35,000 lm Colour temperature 5,800 K 5,000 K 3,600 K 3,600 K 6,100 K 3,800 K 4,300 K 4,300 K 4,700 K 4,300 K Colour rendition index Ra 90 90 65 65 90 65 69 69 69 65 no Tube E40 any 20,000 h yes Ellipsoid E40 any 12,000 h 12,000 h 12,000 h 12,000 h 12,000 h 12,000 h 20,000 h See maintenance factors in Chapter 8 “Calculation of economic efficiency” no Approved for operation in uncovered luminaires Average service life Reduction in luminous flux Ellipsoid E40 any Ellipsoid E40 vertical ±15° yes Ellipsoid E40 any Ellipsoid E40 vertical ±15° no Ellipsoid E40 any 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 16 / Chapter 4 Design Base Burning position HQI-E HQI-E/P HQI-E HQI-E HQI-BT HQI-T HPI-PLUS HPI-PLUS HPI PLUS HPI-T PLUS 400 W/D 400 W/D 400 W/N 400 W/N 400 W/D 400 W/N 400 W- 400 W 400 W 400 W clear BU BU-P OSRAM 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd Seite 16 Characteristics of metal halide lamps 400 W 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr Seite 17 Lamp names as given by the LIS (ZVEI) – a selection Abbreviation Description A R QT 18 QT 32 QT-DE Q PAR QT9 QT12 QR QR-CB QR-CBC T16 T26 TC-S/SEL TC-D/DEL TC-T/TEL TC-L TC-TELI/ QELI HI HM HS LS General-purpose incandescent lamps Reflector lamps Halogen incandescent lamps for mains voltage Ø 18 mm Halogen incandescent lamps for mains voltage Ø 32 mm Halogen incandescent lamps for mains voltage, linear doubleended Halogen incandescent lamps for mains voltage with reflector Low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps Ø 9 mm Low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps Ø 12 mm Low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps with reflector Low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps with cool-light specular reflector Low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps with cool-light specular reflector and glass cover Fluorescent lamps Ø 16 mm Fluorescent lamps Ø 26 mm Compact fluorescent lamps (1 tube) up to 11 W/for electr. ballast Compact fluorescent lamps (2 tubes) up to 26 W/for electr. ballast Compact fluorescent lamps (3 tubes) up to 42 W/for electr. ballast Compact fluorescent lamps (1 tube) up to 80 W Compact fluorescent lamps (3–4 tubes) amalgam technology up to 120 W/only for electronic ballast Metal halide lamps: various designs High-pressure mercury vapour lamps: ellipsoid High-pressure sodium vapour lamps: various designs Low-pressure sodium vapour lamps: tubular Comparison of lamp names (examples) The Lighting Handbook Internat. name from Manufacturer names LIS (ZVEI) Osram Philips GE Sylvania A 60 QR-CBC QPAR TC-S TC-T TC-L T16 T26 HME HIT HIT-CE HST A DECOSTAR S HALOPAR DULUX S DULUX T DULUX L FH, FQ L HQL HQI-T HCI-T NAV-T A Masterline PAR PL-S PL-T PL-L TL5 HE, HO TLD HPL MHN-T CDM-T SON-T, SDW-T A1 Precise MR PAR BIAX S BIAX T BIAX L F T5 F H ARC/T, KRC/T CMH/T Lucalox T Normal Superia Hi-Spot Lynx CF-S Lynx CF-T Lynx CF-L F HSL HSI-T SHP-T, SHP-TS Chapter 4 / 17 18 / Chapter 4 ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 Colour Colour rendition temperature index Ra G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 2 GX 13 2 GX 13 2 GX 13 2 GX 13 G 13 G 13 G 13 Base 1,200 1,900 1,750 2,600 3,300 3,100 4,300 4,450 6,150 1,800 3,200 4,000 5,000 1,350 3,350 5,200 Luminous flux in lm (at 25 °C) 25 42 66 13,000 13,000 13,000 Lamp service life in h magnetic VVG System power in W 16–18 24 27 31–33 39–41 46 54 61 ca. 88 26 45–47 60 66 19–20 36 54–57 System power in W 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 16–20,000 84 87 74 93 93 76 90 81 82 69 71 67 76 68 89 93 Lamp max. system luservice life minous efficiency in h in lm/W electronic EVG 24.06.2004 8:49 Uhr The Lighting Handbook Fluorescent lamps T 16 14 W T 16 21 W T 16 24 W T 16 28 W T 16 35 W T 16 39 W T 16 49 W T 16 54 W T 16 80 W T 16-R 22 W T 16-R 40 W T 16-R 55 W T 16-R 60 W T 26 18 W T 26 36 W T 26 58 W Lamp name 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd Seite 18 Characteristic values of the major lamps ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 Base G 24 d-1/q-1 G 24 d-1/q-1 G 24 d-2/q-2 GX 24 d-1/q-1 GX 24 d-2/q-2 GX 24 d-3/q-3 GX 24 q-3 GX 24 q-4 GX 24 q-5 2G8 GX24q-6 2G8 2G8 2 G 11 2 G 11 2 G 11 2 G 11 2 G 11 2 G 11 Colour Colour rendition temperature index Ra Compact fluorescent lamps TC-D/TC-DEL 10 W ww, nw TC-D/TC-DEL 13 W ww, nw TC-D/TC-DEL 18 W ww, nw TC-T/TC-TEL 13 W ww, nw TC-T/TC-TEL 18 W ww, nw TC-T/TC-TEL 26 W ww, nw TC-TEL/-TELI 32 W ww, nw TC-TEL/-TELI 42 W ww, nw TC-TELI 57 W ww, nw TC-TELI 60 W ww, nw TC-TELI 70 W ww, nw TC-TELI 85 W ww, nw TC-TELI 120 W ww, nw TC-L 18 W ww, nw TC-L 24 W ww, nw TC-L 36 W ww, nw TC-L 40 W ww, nw TC-L 55 W ww, nw TC-L 80 W ww, nw Lamp name The Lighting Handbook 600 900 1,200 900 1,200 1,800 2,400 3,200 4,300 4,000 5,200 6,000 9,000 1,200 1,800 2,900 3,500 4,800 6,000 Luminous flux in lm (at 25 °C) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 15 17 23 17 23 31 25 30 42 Lamp service life in h magnetic VVG System power in W 12 14 18–20 14 18–20 28 35–36 46–47 62 65 75 92 128 19 25–27 34–39 45 55–61 85 System power in W 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50 64 66 64 66 64 68 69 69 62 70 65 70 63 72 85 77 87 71 Lamp max. system luservice life minous efficiency in h in lm/W electronic EVG 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:50 Uhr Seite 19 Characteristic values of the major lamps Chapter 4 / 19 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 Low-voltage halogen lamps QT 12 35 W ww QT 12 50 W ww QR CBC 51 35 W (8–60°) ww QR CBC 51 50 W (8–60°) ww QR 111 75 W (8–45°) ww QR 111 100 W (8–45°) ww High-voltage halogen lamps QT-DE 12 150 W L 114,2 ww QT-DE 12 300 W ww QT-DE 12 500 W ww QT 32 100 W matt ww QT 32 150 W matt ww QT 32 250 W matt ww R7s R7s R7s E 27 E 27 E 27 GY 6.35 GY 6.35 GU 5.3 GU 5.3 G 53 G 53 Special Special Special Base 2,200 5,000 9,500 1,430 2,400 4,000 600 930 *700–14,000 *950–14,000 *1.700–30,000 *2.800–48,000 3,500 6,000 12,000 Luminous flux in lm (at 25 °C) 1,500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 Lamp service life in h magnetic VVG System power in W 55 85 165 System power in W 60,000 60,000 60,000 14 16 19 14 16 16 16 18 16 18 10 10 64 71 73 Lamp max. system luservice life minous efficiency in h in lm/W electronic EVG 8:50 Uhr The Lighting Handbook 20 / Chapter 4 24.06.2004 *Axial luminous intensity in cd. ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 Colour Colour rendition temperature index Ra Induction lamps LMG-IHf 55 W (QL 55 W) ww, nw LMG-IHf 85 W (QL 85 W) ww, nw LMG-IHf 165 W (QL 165 W) ww, nw Lamp name 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd Seite 20 Characteristic values of the major lamps ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw, tw nw, tw nw ww, nw ww, nw ww ww, nw ww, nw nw, tw nw, tw ww, nw ww, nw, tw ww, nw ww, nw ww, nw, tw Base Luminous flux in lm (at 25 °C) 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 7,000 12,000 6,000 Lamp service life in h magnetic VVG System power in W ≥80, ≥70 E 27 4,900–5,000 82–96 ≥80, ≥70 E 27 7,300–8,100 112–115 ≥80, ≥70 E 27 10,500–12,500 168–177 ≥90, ≥60, ≥70 E 40 17,00–255,000 275–285 ≥90, ≥60, ≥70 E 40 20,500–43,000 400–460 ≥60 E 40 95,000 1050–1065 ≥80 G 12 5,200–5,500 82–96 ≥80 G 12 13,000 168–177 ≥80 G8.5/G12 3,400 44–46 ≥80 G8.5/G12 6,400–6,600 82–96 ≥80 G 12 14,000 168–177 ≥90, ≥60, ≥70 E 40 19,000–21,000 275–285 ≥90, ≥60, ≥70 E 40 25,000–42,000 400–460 ≥90, ≥80 RX 7s 5,000–6,000 82–96 ≥90, ≥80, ≥70 RX 7s 11,250 168–177 ≥90, ≥80 RX 7s 5,700–7,000 89–95 ≥90, ≥80 RX 7s 13,500–14,200 168–177 ≥90, ≥80, ≥70 Fc 2 20,000 275–285 Colour Colour rendition temperature index Ra Metal halide lamps HIE 70 W HIE 100 W HIE 150 W HIE 250 W HIE 400 W HIE 1000 W HIT 70 W (quartz) HIT 150 W (quartz) HIT/HIT-TC 35 W (ceramic) HIT/HIT-TC 70 W (ceramic) HIT 150 W (ceramic) HIT 250 W HIT 400 W HIT-DE 70 W (quartz) HIT-DE 150 W (quartz) HIT-DE 70 W (ceramic) HIT-DE 150 W (ceramic) HIT-DE 250 W Lamp name The Lighting Handbook 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 9–12,000 9–12,000 6–12,000 6,000 6,000 7–15,000 12–15,000 172 80–83 172 42–45 80–83 172 80–83 172 80–83 172 63 72 74 93 93 90 69 77 80 83 83 76 91 75 66 79 80 72 Lamp max. system luservice life minous efficiency in h in lm/W electronic EVG 80–83 System power in W 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:50 Uhr Seite 21 Characteristic values of the major lamps Chapter 4 / 21 22 / Chapter 4 ≥60, ≥20 ≥60, ≥20 ≥80 ≥80 ≥80 ≥60, ≥20 ≥60, ≥20 High-pressure sodium vapour lamps HSE 250 W ww HSE 400 W ww HST 35 W (SDW-T) ww HST 50 W (SDW-T/TG) ww HST 100 W (SDW-T/TG) ww HST 250 W ww HST 400 W ww E 40 E 40 PG 12-1 PG 12-1/G12 PG 12-1/G12 E 40 E 40 E 40 E 40 Base 22,000–32,000 36,000–54,000 1,300 2,300 4,800 23,000–33,000 37,000–56,500 13,000 22,000 Luminous flux in lm (at 25 °C) 275–285 440–450 41–42 66 114–116 275 440–450 266–270 425 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 8,000 8,000 Lamp service life in h magnetic VVG System power in W System power in W 112 120 31 34 42 116 123 48 51 Lamp max. system luservice life minous efficiency in h in lm/W electronic EVG 24.06.2004 8:50 Uhr The Lighting Handbook ≥40 ≥40 Colour Colour rendition temperature index Ra High-pressure mercury vapour lamps HME 250 W ww, nw HME 400 W ww, nw Lamp name 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd Seite 22 Characteristic values of the major lamps 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 8:50 Uhr Seite 23 Energy efficiency of luminaires Most of the electrical power is consumed in the lamp and its control gear. In order to clarify the power consumption of the ballast/lamp system, the European Union has adopted the energy classification system (Directive 2000/55/EU on energy efficiency requirements for ballasts for fluorescent lamps). The EEI (Energy Efficiency Index) classifies ballasts into seven categories: Class Ballasts A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C Dimmable electronic ballasts Reduced-loss electronic ballasts Electronic ballasts Magnetic ballasts, very low loss (low-loss ballast) Magnetic ballasts, low loss (low-loss ballast) Magnetic ballasts, moderate loss (conventional ballast) Magnetic ballasts, very high loss (conventional ballast) D Sales of class D ballasts have been prohibited since 21 May 2002; class C ballasts must be taken off the market by 21 November 2005 at the latest. Example for T26 36 W 840: The Lighting Handbook EEI A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C D ≤ 19 W (25 % dimming is equivalent to 50 % A3) ≤ 36 ≤ 38 ≤ 41 ≤ 43 ≤ 45 ≤ 45 Chapter 4 / 23 * see chapter 5 LUXMATE connection LUXMATE Basic* LUXMATE Emotion* LUXMATE Professional* Additional emergency lighting function (DC mode) not possible yes linear 1 or 3–100 % Fluctuations plus/minus no no Luminaire group; all luminaires on one control line Analog (1–10 V) yes logarithmic ** 0.1–100 % (depends on lamp) none Interchangeable polarity yes yes Individual luminaires or luminaire groups Digital (DALI) ** matches visual perception LDE (PCA Excel one4all) LMB DALI ONLY LDE Dimming level can be set by customer 1 or 3–70 % ( PCA Excel one4all ) uniform surface illumination possible in emergency lighting mode, dimming-level memory with automatic recall in emergency lighting mode ( PCA Excel one4all) yes logarithmic ** 1 or 3–100 % none Interchangeable polarity yes yes, only PCA Excel one4all Luminaire group; all luminaires on one control line Digital (DSI) 24.06.2004 8:50 Uhr The Lighting Handbook 24 / Chapter 4 Visual comfort Stable and flicker-free lamp operation Dimming curve Dimming range in AC mode Dimming level tolerance Control line Zero-power switching Status report & logging Addressing Functionality Properties 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd Seite 24 Properties of dimmable electronic ballasts 04_LAMPEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 69 W Power consumption as a function of dimmer setting A compared with conventional ballasts 20 % to 88 % at 1 % dimming level (off) 55 W 45 W 35 W 25 W 8W 8W 8W 100 % 75 % 50 % 25 % Conventional ballast Controlled by LUXMATE Dimmer setting in (%) 90 80 70 60 50 1% Additional emergency lighting function with PCA Excel one4all (central power supply) Set-DC Energy saving using Set-DC 100 Seite 25 Energy saving at normal operation Set-AC Power consumption –20 % to –88 % 55–8 W 8:50 Uhr Saving: up to 70 %, at 10 % luminous flux reduced use of group batteries and central installations potential energy saving of 52 % AC-mode DC-mode 40 30 20 further potential energy saving of 27 % 10 0 59 53 9:00 48 10:00 43 11:00 39 35 12:00 30 13:00 28 22 14:00 Power requirement of a traditional raditional freestanding luminaire 17 15:00 12 Power (W) 10 at 230 V DC 16:00 Potential energy savings using daylight sensors and presence detectors up to 70 % compared with constant light e.g. freestanding luminaire using SensControl sufficient daylight ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ cloud cover ▼ increasing daylight ▼ ▼ ▼ absent ▼ ▼ ▼ absent ▼ The Lighting Handbook Power requirement of a freestanding luminaire using SensControl decreasing daylight Chapter 4 / 25 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Chapter 5 Lighting and room management, emergency lighting LUXMATE lighting management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Dimming with LUXMATE Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 LUXMATE Basic system overviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 9 Dimming and switching with LUXMATE Emotion LUXMATE EMOTION system overviews + optional integration of ONLITE Local Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 13 LUXMATE Professional system overview (selection) . . . 14 – 15 ONLITE emergency lighting system (applicable to U.K.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 – 25 Seite 1 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 2 Luxmate lighting management – The intelligent control system for individual rooms and throughout buildings Function Applications Room management systems LUXMATE Professional (based on LUXMATE bus system) – Artificial light/daylight/blinds – Conference rooms – Interfaces to media technology – Office buildings – Integration of ONLITE – Shopping malls emergency lighting system – Museums – Interface to building management – Industry system and central maintenance – Customized operating systems Lighting control systems LUXMATE EMOTION (based on DALI) – Lighting scenes – Shops – Timer – Health & Care – RGB dimming software – Wellness – ACTIVE LIGHT lighting concepts – Control rooms – Flexibility of individual – Offices addressing/grouping – In the home – In the home – Small offices & surgeries – Commercial premises The Lighting Handbook LUXMATE Basic (based on DSI) – Daylight-based – Infrared remote control unit – Standard switch components – No addressing, group dimming – Zero-power switching and dimming 100–0 % 100–0 % LED STARLFEX optical fibre QT engines On/Off, dimming, daylightdependent dimming * number can be increased using DSI-V amplifier, ** DALI versions available on request 3 x 100/148* DSI-TLE** Momentary-action switch, light sensor DSI-TLC** Momentary-action switch, On/Off, dimming, daylightlight sensor, presence detector dependent dimming On/Off, dimming, D/ID Balanced Lighting On/Off, dimming, 3 lighting scenes per output Balanced Lighting 2 x 25/73* Momentary-action switch, remote control unit DSI-IRBLC Momentary-action switch, remote control unit DSI-2IR On/Off, dimming, D/ID On/Off, dimming On/Off, dimming, 1 scene On/Off, dimming Function 2 x 25/73* 2 x 25/73* DSI-BLC** Momentary-action switch 2 x 25/73* Momentary-action switch Momentary-action switch DSI-TD** DSI-TS 100/148* Momentary-action switch, presence detector Operation 25/73* DSI-T** Output module 25/73* Number possible 24.06.2004 DALI TE one4all 105 VA/150 VA PWM converter LED K210 one4all 25 W T16/T26 100–1 % DSI electronic ballast TC 100–3 % (LMB) DALI TE one4all 105 VA/150 VA Low-voltage halogen 100–0 % incandescent lamps Dimmable fluorescent lamps PDAX 500 VA PDAS 1,000 VA phase dimmer Dimming range Control gear/ dimmer General purpose lamps 100–0 % PAR lamps, Halogen incandescent lamps Lamps Dimming with LUXMATE Basic (no addressing required) The Lighting Handbook 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 9:40 Uhr Seite 3 Chapter 5 / 3 DALI-TD • Arguments for your customers • • Absolutely flicker-free dimming • • Simple to operate using conventional momentary-action light switches • throughout • • Hence ensures standardised design of light switches and sockets • • Any number of momentary-action light switches can be connected in parallel • * available on request Alternative: Connect terminals “T ” and “T ” together with a jumper if a single momentary-action switch is used. Conventional momentaryaction light switch Preset/Dia Lamp control gear APD D1 D2 TEL up to 25 DSI transformers up to 25 DALI transformers* or D1 D2 up to 25 DSI phase dimmers up to 25 DALI phase dimmers* or LV halogen incandescent lamps max. 70/105/150/210 VA max. 2 m 2 Incandescent lamps/ HV halogen incandescent lamps max. 300 VA L' N N L 10 9 12 11 Lamps up to 25 DSI electr. ballasts up to 25 DALI electr. ballasts* Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL L N D1 PCA D2 Dimming range 1 or 3–100 % light level Lamps can be started at any dimming level Suitable for all major lamp types Easy to install Insensitive to mains fluctuations and interference Components can be delivered separately or pre-fitted in the luminaire Dimming-level memory Momentary-action switch control L module with input for preset light level N D1 T T D2 DSI-TD Preset/Dia Control line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm2, max. length 100 m Control units 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 4 / Chapter 5 Programming instructions for preset light level (Dia): • Set brightness level required using momentary-action switch • Press the Preset/Dia switch for at least 5 seconds User control units Mains 230 V/50 Hz Conventional double momentary-action light switch On/Off Dimming L N PE 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 9:40 Uhr Seite 4 LUXMATE Basic DSI-TD or DALI-TD “Dimming using conventional momentary-action light switches and with dimming-level memory” (DALI-TD available on request) up to 5 ceilingmounted IRED IR sensors one must be set as master, the others as slaves • • • • Convenient operation using infrared remote control unit Remote control unit comes complete with wall bracket Horizontal/vertical transmission characteristics Can run three lighting scenes Arguments for your customers up to 7 IRS channels can be used IRS IR remote control unit max. range 10 m at 500 lux max. length 50 m LDSI-2IR infrared control module IR1 N IR2 TT D2 D1 T D1 T If more than one DSI module is used, D2 Control units Group 1 D1 D2 • • • • L' N N L 12 11 10 9 max. length 2 m 87 65 43 21 Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL Lamps L' N N L LV halogen incandescent lamps 70/105/150/ 210 VA max. DSI transformer length 2 m 87 65 D1 4 3 D2 21 D1 D2 DSI phase dimmer DSI electronic ballast 12 L 11 N 10 D1 9 D2 Incandescent lamps/HV halogen incandescent lamps max. 300 VA Group 2 Lamp control gear Individual dimming of five luminaire groups Easy to install Components can be delivered separately or pre-fitted in the luminaire Up to eight modules per infrared circuit DSI control lines, max. length 50 m SI transformer DSI phase dimmer DSI electronic ballast L N D1 D2 D1 D2 Lamps Up to 5 luminaire groups for each installation Lamp control gear 24.06.2004 * Single-switch control * * N 230 V/50 Hz User control units Group 2 Group 1 L N PE The Lighting Handbook max. 25 PCA, PHD, TEL 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 9:40 Uhr LUXMATE Basic IR “Dimming of luminaires by infrared remote control unit” Chapter 5 / 5 Seite 5 max. 25 PCA, PHD, TEL 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 6 LUXMATE Basic Daylight DSI-TLC or DALI-TLC Daylight-based control for small rooms (DALI-TLC available on request) Applications • • • • Single and team offices Areas near windows in shopping centres Classrooms Corridors and passageways 0% 50 % 500 lx artificial light daylight Arguments for your customers • Dims the lighting from 100–1 %, based exactly on the daylight available • Accurate window-light sensor rather than error-prone roomlight sensor • Energy savings of up to 75 % • Brightness level can be changed at any time using momentaryaction dimmer switches • Economically priced – short pay-back period • Long lamp service life • Option to connect presence detector 6 / Chapter 5 The Lighting Handbook See page 8 for sensor positioning! LSD light sensor Control line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm 2 max. length 100 m DALI-TLC Lamp control gear PCA Group I 10 9 12 11 up to 25 DSI electronic ballasts/Group II up to 25 DALI electr. ballasts/Group II 12 L 11 N D1 10 PCA D2 9 Group II L N D1 D2 up to 25 DSI electronic ballasts/Group I up to 25 DALI electr. ballasts/Group I Lamps Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL 24.06.2004 Motion sensor/ Presence detector On/Off Dimming Light-sensor line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm2, max. length 100 m Control units DSI-TLC daylight-based control module installed in luminaire/recessed into ceiling L N Se2 Se1 T1 T2 D2 D1 T3 T4 D4 D3 PD in DSI-TLC User control units L Mains 230 V/50 Hz N PE “Daylight-based control for small rooms” Conventional double momentary-action light switch G I G II The Lighting Handbook 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 9:40 Uhr LUXMATE Basic Daylight DSI-TLC or DALI-TLC (DALI-TLC available on request) Chapter 5 / 7 Seite 7 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 8 LUXMATE Basic Daylight DSI-TLE or DALI-TLE Daylight-based control for large rooms (DALI-TLE available on request) Applications • Open-plan offices • Manufacturing bays, warehouses, sports halls and gymnasiums • Supermarkets etc. 0% 50 % 80 % Vertical sensor positioning 5m 4m 3 m 2.5 m 2m 1m 0m ° 1m 4m 5m 6m Window height = 2.5 m Horizontal sensor positioning 5m 4m 3m 2.5 m 2m 1m 0m 3m 2m 1m 0m 1m 2m 3m Window width = 4.0 m 8 / Chapter 5 The Lighting Handbook 3m Arguments for your customers: see page 6! 2m L N PE Dimming using conventional double momentary-action light switch Control line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm 2 max. length 250 m Control units DSI-TLE DSI-TLE DALI-TLE Se I II III daylightbased control module for 3 groups, Auto/Man Down installed in L N On/Off Up switch cabinet Insert jumper between Up/Down for single momentaryaction switch Light-sensor line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm 2 max. length 250 m Alternative: Connect the “Up” and “Down” terminals together with a jumper when using a single momentary-action switch. LSD light sensor mounted on ceiling User control units Lamp control gear Lamps up to 100 DSI electr. ballasts/Group I, II, III up to 64 DALI electr. ballasts/Group I, II, III 12 L 11 N D1 10 PCA D2 9 Group III Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL up to 100 DSI electr. ballasts/Group I, II, III Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL up to 64 DALI electr. ballasts/Group I, II, III 12 L 11 N D1 10 PCA D2 9 Group II up to 100 DSI electr. ballasts/Group I, II, III Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL up to 64 DALI electr. ballasts/Group I, II, III 12 L 11 N D1 10 PCA D2 9 Group I 24.06.2004 On/Off Automatic/Manual Conventional serial switch The Lighting Handbook 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 9:40 Uhr LUXMATE Basic Daylight DSI-TLE or DALI-TLE “Daylight-based control for large rooms” Chapter 5 / 9 Seite 9 10 / Chapter 5 1 10 1 1RUK, 4A2) 4RUKS, 4 x 16A3) ANAS 1 1 Control unit DALI loads 1 Calling up/changing scenes Download/upload via RS 232 interface Addressing, scenes, shows, time entries On/Off, dimming, On/Off, dimming, 16 x 16 room-based lighting scenes static or Active Light Timed lighting scenes EMOTION Touch Momentaryaction switch1) Motion sensor1) EMOTION Touch PC software Function Operation 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook Dimming/ Control gear/ switching range dimmer General-purpose 100–0 % EMOTION-APDX lamps, PAR lamps, 500 VA, 1,000 VA Halogen incandesSDK-AN-06, 1,400 VA cent lamps SDK-AB-05, 1,200 VA Low-voltage halogen 100–0 % DALI TE one4all incandescent lamps 105 VA, 150 VA Discharge lamps HIT 100 % Electronic/ SDW-T 100 % conventional ballast HS 30, 50, 100 % HM 50, 100 % Induction lamps QL 100 % Switchable 100 % fluorescent lamps Dimmable T16/T26 100–1 % DALI electronic ballast fluorescent lamps TC 100–3 % (LDE-DO) Lamps (2 x 64 DALI addresses, 2 x 99 DALI loads) Dimming and switching with LUXMATE Emotion + optional integration of ONLITE Local Check 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 9:40 Uhr Seite 10 100–0 % 100 % 70 % STARFLEX QT STARFLEX HIT Escape-sign luminaires (T, TC) Emergency luminaires (T, TC) 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ANAS 4RUKS, 4 x 16A 4RUKS, 4 x 16A ANAS ANAS 3) available on request 4) details in ONLITE product brochure 5) includes bus supply, EMOTION BV bus supply not required dimmable transf. 1–10 V electronic ballast 150 W conventional ballast 250 W colour wheel dimming wheel Emergency lighting electr. ballast (Local Check) DALI electronic ballast + emergency lighting electronic ballast (Local Check NT1-NT3) LED K210/K211 25 W 1) via EMOTION SDED, 5 DALI loads 2) not for Discharge lamps, otherwise can only be used as contactor relay Depends on wattage4) 100–0 % LED The Lighting Handbook 9:40 Uhr Local Check Controller3) PC software 6) with ONLITE Local Check power supply and printer 7) with ONLITE Local Check power supply and GSM module Download/upload via RS 232 interface Configuration data, test log book 24.06.2004 ONLITE SB 128 Non-maintained/maintained mode can Local Check be set for each luminaire Random test function Controller5) Programmable function test/duration test Test log book function (printable6)) Alarm output (buzzer, relay contact 24 V, GSM, SMS7)) 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd Chapter 5 / 11 Seite 11 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 12 LUXMATE EMOTION “Lighting control system” Operation/supply L Mains 230 V/50 Hz N PE EMOTION Touch COM T 1 T 2 COM T 3 COM T 4 L N max. 0.25 m, cable included in supply DA DA DA DA LSD* LM-CS(X)* light sensor control point COM T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 EKXP installation box (please order separately) DA DA DA DA L N EMOTIONSDED DA DA (5 DALI loads) Line 1: DALI control line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm 2 max. length 300 m max. 64 users (addresses) 99 DALI loads DA DA Line 2: DALI control line e.g. NYM 2 x 1.5 mm 2 max. length 300 m max. 64 users (addresses) 99 DALI loads ONLITE SB 128 LOCAL CHECK controller, integral bus supply Use EMOTION BV bus supply if ONLITE not included in system Cable lengths of DALI control line Conductor cross-sections DALI control line Cable length 2 2 2 2 116 174 232 300 x x x x 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 mm 2 mm 2 mm 2 mm 2 m m m m Switching lamps using LUXMATE EMOTION Lamp type Safe installed load EMOTION 1 RUK EMOTION 4RUKS A, PAR, QT T16/T26 with low-loss ballast (parallel p.f. corrected) TC with low-loss ballast (parallel p.f. corrected) T16/T26/TC with electr. ballast LV with transformer HIT, SDW-T, HS, HM 500 W 250 W 4 x 2,000 W 4 x 920 W 250 W 4 x 800 W 30A for 0.5 s max. 30A for 0.5 s max. – 4 x 10 A 4 x 10 A 4 x 800 W 12 / Chapter 5 DA DA 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Lighting/emergency lighting L N DA DA DA DA t Fluorescent lamps T26/T16 12 TC-L/TC-DEL/TC-TEL 11 DALI electronic ballast (1 DALI load) K K' EMOTION-1RUK (10 DALI loads) 10 9 e.g. HIT luminaires K1 K 1' L K2 N K 2' DA K3 DA EMOTION 4RUKS K 3' K4 (1 DALI load) K 4' L L' N N DA DA Incandescent lamps/ Emotion APD (1 DALI load) HV halogen incandescent lamps max. 2 m DA DA DA DA DALI-TE (1 DALI load) LV halogen incandescent lamps R G B LED luminaires DALI LED converter (1 DALI load) LN 0/1–10 V units e.g. STARFLEX fibre optics (1 DALI load) DA DA EMOTION ANAS (1 DALI load) L N DA DA TECTON trunking PROTON TEC* SPIRIT TEC L N DA DA DALI-DSI* D1 D2 D1 D2 25 DSI luminaires 25 DSI luminaires L N DA DA Locally supplied emergency luminaire LOCAL CHECK NT1-NT3 (3 DALI loads) DA DA L N Escape-sign luminaire LOCAL CHECK (1 DALI load) * available on request Chapter 5 / 13 Seite 13 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr LUXMATE Professional (selection) Commissioning/user control units LM-PFC Installation-specific operation LM-CG/LM-EG Multi-room solution LM-MPA/LM-CPA Single-room solution B 1 , B 2 , L, N LM-CS(X) control point RS-232 link to AV system ASCII plain text protocol B 1, B 2 B 1 , B 2 , L, N LM-IRB IRED IRS B1, B2, L, N 24VDC 24VAC LM-SI03 B1, B2 L, N 230 VAC L, N B1, B2 LM-SDED LM-SWED Bus For dimming and switching individual luminaire groups Mains DSI- or DALI control line Sensor cable Room management/central control/automation Screen B1, B2 B1, B2 LM-RV Blinds Motor 1 K1 B1, B2 LM-2LSE Partition switch L, N B1 , B2 B1 , B2 LM-2FSE L, N Window LM-2JSM L, N L, N Motor 1 Blinds Motor 2 B1, B2 LM-ZSM L, N Motor 2 Timer control LM-iZSQ L, N Sequence automation Window B1, B2 LM-BVS35 L, N 14 / Chapter 5 Seite 14 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Lighting management HIT/HST/HME lamps LM-2RUK L, N K', K B1 , B2 L, N Electronic/conventional ballast for discharge lamps Switching LM-DSI L, N B1 , B 2 up to 10 DSI electronic ballasts D 1 , D2 D 1 , D2 L, N Fluorescent lamps DSI dimming up to 10 DSI electronic ballasts up to 10 DALI electronic ballasts LM-2TL LM 2TL DALI L, N D1, D2 L, N D1, D2 B1 , B2 D1, D2 Fluorescent lamps LSD option to connect a daylight sensor to the LM-STL or LM-2TL/DALI up to 10 DSI electronic ballasts up to 10 DALI electronic ballasts D 1 , D2 L, N Daylight-based dimming (DSI or DALI) D1, D2 DALI-PCA Fluorescent lamps DALI-APD Incandescent lamps/ HV halogen incandescent lamps DALI-TEL LV halogen incandescent lamps D1, D2 LM-DALI L, N D1, D2 B1 , B 2 up to 64 ballasts in 16 groups D1, D2 D1, D2 DALI LED converter LED luminaires DALI dimming ONLITE interface, emergency lighting LM DALI-S SB 128 local check CTP Local check repeater locally supplied LOCAL CHECK emergency luminaire LOCAL CHECK escape-sign luminaire ONLITE interface for emergency lighting/local supply Chapter 5 / 15 Seite 15 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 16 ONLITE emergency lighting system (applicable to U.K.) EMERGENCY LIGHTING ▲ ▲ Standby lighting Emergency lighting ▲ ▲ ▲ anti-panic lighting for escape routes and rooms for workplaces with particular risk Types of Zumtobel Staff emergency luminaires 16 / Chapter 5 central test: • Monitoring of up to 4x64 luminaires by e-DALI; function test and duration test are programmable • Test log book listing • Group or central battery • Central monitoring • Automatic testing • Test log book listing The Lighting Handbook ▲ ▲ local check: Autotest, not monitored ▲ local solo: • Local battery • Function display • Manual test, not monitored ONLITE central ▲ ONLITE local 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Routine Testing and Maintenance of Emergency Lighting It is important that equipment is properly tested and maintained if it is to function correctly when required in an emergency. All emergency lighting should be regularly checked and maintained by a competent person in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations. The following table shows the routine testing of emergency lighting equipment that should take place. Daily • Visually check that all maintained lamps are operating and that all system healthy indicators on Central Power Supply Systems (Central Battery Systems) are illuminated. • Check that any system fault recorded is given urgent attention and record all corrective actions in the log book provided. Monthly • Check all luminaries and other emergency lighting equipment is in a good condition, all lamps and light controllers are clean, undamaged and not blackened. • Briefly test all emergency lighting equipment by simulating a failure of the normal lighting supply. The test should not exceed a quarter of the equipment rated duration. Check that all equipment functions correctly. • Check that, upon restoring the mains supply, all supply healthy indicators are again illuminated. Six • Carry out the inspection and testing as described in monthly the monthly test schedule, but conduct a test of the equipment for one third of its rated duration. Annually* • A full system test should be conducted by a competent service engineer including a full rated duration test of the system. • Compliance of the installation and system with the requirements of BS5266/BSEN 1838 should be considered and documented. The Lighting Handbook The results of all testing and any necessary corrective action should be recorded in a log record held on site which shall be available if required, for inspection by any authorised person. * The publication of prEN50172 will change the requirements of BS5266 Part1. prEN50172 changes the requirements for the first three years of self-contained luminaires to be annual full duration tests. Chapter 5 / 17 Seite 17 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 18 Risk Assessment Checklist for Emergency Lighting Installations Risk assessment of the following parameters to provide the required level of emergency lighting when the occupants of premises evacuate in an emergency could mean the difference between life and death. 6.g), 6.h) 6.j 6.d), 6.e), 7 18 / Chapter 5 Does Not Comply Where artificial lighting is installed, is emergency lighting fitted on the escape routes and in open areas? Is emergency lighting and fire safety signage on the existing escape routes adequate to permit occupants to reach a place of safety within 2–3 minutes? Is emergency lighting installed in all open areas of greater than 60m2 If there are special risks e.g. flammable materials used in processes, or areas having restricted access, is emergency lighting fitted? The Lighting Handbook 3 Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Not Applicable E1 Assessment of Escape Routes 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr The Lighting Handbook 11 Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Does Not Comply E2 Assessment of Existing Emergency Lighting – Luminaires and Escape Route Signs Are the existing luminaires clean, undamaged and are all lamps intact, operational and unblackened? Are luminaire housings on escape routes fire retardant in accordance with BS5266? ICEL Registered products automatically comply, for others refer to original equipment manufacturer. 9.4 6.10.2 9.3 9.1 Do the luminaires operate for the required emergency duration? The minimum duration is 1 hour, however in premises where evacuation is not immediate, following a normal mains failure, 3 hours is required. Note: After fully discharging the system allow 24 hours to recharge before re-occupying the building. 9.2 6.10.1 9.3 9.2 Are the fittings sited in their correct operating environment, e.g. for temperature and I.P. rating? Are the luminaires of the correct system type (e.g. Non maintained/ maintained/combined)? Chapter 5 / 19 Seite 19 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 20 6g),8 6.j),4 Do the sign legends comply with the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996? 5.6,.6.9.3 Are there signs that clearly show the emergency escape routes from any position within the premises? 5.6 Are all exits marked and directions of travel indicated? 4 6.9.3 8.1 5.6 20 / Chapter 5 Are the signs illuminated internally or from an external source when the normal lighting supply fails? Is the size of each sign correct for the viewing distances? The Lighting Handbook 8 Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Does Not Comply E3 Assessment of Fire Safety Signs 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr 9.1 6.7 Are the luminaires positioned at all points of emphasis – ICEL 1006 Near stairs, such that all reads receive direct light? ICEL 1006 Near changes of level? ICEL 1006 Near each change of direction? ICEL 1006 Near each intersection of corridors? ICEL 1006 To illuminate Exit doors? ICEL 1006 Near each piece of fire fighting equipment or manual call point? ICEL 1006 Outside and near to each final exit to a point of safety? ICEL 1006 Near each first aid point? 6.c), 9.1 5.3.2 Does Not Comply Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Not Applicable E4 Siting of Luminaires Are luminaires sited along the permanently unobstructed escape routes at the correct spacings, positioned to achieve the required minimum level of illuminance of 0.2 Lux? 6.d), 5.2,5.3 + Are luminaires sited along 9.1 BS5266Pt7/ escape routes which may BSEN1838 become obstructed, positioned to achieve a minimum level of illuminance of 1 Lux? The Lighting Handbook 6.c),9.1 5.2 + Are luminaires sited along the BS5266Pt7/ escape routes which may be BSEN1838 utilized by the very young, elderly, disabled or partially sighted, positioned to achieve a level of illuminance of at least 1 Lux (possibly significantly higher, depending on the degree of impairment? Chapter 5 / 21 Seite 21 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 22 6.j),9.1 9.1 Does Not Comply Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Not Applicable E4 Siting of Luminaires (continued) 5.3.3 + Are luminaires in the open BS5266Pt7/ areas of greater than 60 m2, at BSEN1838 the correct spacing to achieve the illuminance of 0.5 Lux minimum? 6.3 Are a minimum of 2 luminaires contributing to the emergency illumination in each ‘lighting compartment’ on the escape route, to ensure that the area is not plunged into darkness if a luminaire fails? ICEL 1006 6.8.3 Lift cars? ICEL 1006 6.8.5 Toilet facilities and other open tiled areas exceeding 8 m2 floor area and all toilets for the disabled? ICEL 1006 6.8.4 Escalators? ICEL 1006 6.8.4 Motor generator, control or plant rooms? ICEL 1006 6.8.7 Covered car parks along pedestrian routes? ICEL 1006 Near each first aid point? 6.e),7 Are high risk areas illuminated at 10 % of normal illuminance or at least 1.5 Lux, in an emergency, with a response time of 0.5 seconds or less? 22 / Chapter 5 The Lighting Handbook Are additional luminaires provided in the following locations – 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr App.D 12.4 9.4 6.10.1 9.4 6.10.2 Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 Section not applicable 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Does Not Comply E5 Self-Contained Emergency Luminaires and Sign Are the batteries being charged (indicator lamp on)? Do the luminaires comply with all relevant product standards for escape routes? ICEL marked luminaires automatically comply. In particular ICEL signifies fire retardant housings and verified photometric data. 9.6 The Lighting Handbook App.D 12.4 Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 Section not applicable 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Does Not Comply E6 Central Power Supply Systems (Central Battery Systems) Do the Central Power Supply Systems (Central Battery Systems) comply with prEN 50171 or does a competent person declare the systems are working correctly? Is the battery charger functioning correctly? Chapter 5 / 23 Seite 23 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr Seite 24 9 6.2 9.6 Complies Does Not Comply 8.2.13 Does Not Comply 9 Not Applicable ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Complies E7 Wiring of Luminaires Are luminaires permanently wired? Are the non maintained luminaires fed from the same final sub-circuit as the local lighting? (A qualified electrician can usually check by removing the local lighting fuse and verifying the emergency lighting operation) 8.3.5.2. + Is the volt drop to Central IEE Regs Battery luminaires within 10% of the nominal voltage and are luminaires connected in fire protected cable as defined in BS5266? E8 Records and Documentation ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Has a risk assessment verification certificate been provided? 10 11.3 Are the entries made in the log book correct? 10 3.3 Are up-to-date drawings available and correct? 24 / Chapter 5 The Lighting Handbook App.E 05_LUXMATELM_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:40 Uhr 10 10 The Lighting Handbook App. D Not Applicable Complies ICEL B55266Pt1 1008 Clause Section Ref Ref Does Not Comply E9 Routine Maintenance Is a procedure in place to rectify test failures and provide spares? 8.3.3, 12.4 Is a regime of regular testing set up? 12.4 Are routine tests completed according to the requirements in BS5266? Central Power Supply Systems (Central Battery Systems). Where applicable, are the battery electrolyte levels and specific gravities satisfactory? Chapter 5 / 25 Seite 25 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:43 Uhr Chapter 6 Quickplan – calculating the number of luminaires required The five steps of lighting design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PANOS HF/HG 175/200/250 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . PANOS HM 175/200/250 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PANOS LF/LG 175/200/250 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PANOS LM 175/200/250 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QUARTOS CQF 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MIRAL/MIREL RAS/RES – BWS 2-/3-/4-lamp . . . . . . . MIREL FEC/FED 1-/4-lamp M625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RTX II C bzw. D 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MELLOW LIGHT IV – louvre (surface-mounted/recessed) MELLOW LIGHT IV – grid-mesh controller (surfacemounted/recessed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIGHT FIELDS recessed M625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIGHT FIELDS surface-mounted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIGHT FIELDS A-ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA TRAVE KC T16 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA TRAVE KC T16 3-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLARIS MSD-ID 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AERO USN/UGN-ID 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OREA GZ-ID 2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPHEROS D-ID/C-ID T16 EVG 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . TECTON(-I) + RW T16 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TECTON(-I) + RW T16 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TECTON-IP louvre T16 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZX/XR/XT 1-/2-lamp T26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA I 250 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA I 400 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA D 32/42/57/85 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA D 70/150 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA D 250 W QT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA A-B HIT/HST 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA A-B HIT/HST 1-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA A-N HME 1-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA A-B, A-T, A-ASY HST 1-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPA A-ASY HIT/HST 1-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FZ/FT/IFP/TOL-TBC 1-lamp, 58 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FZ/FT/IFP/TOL-TBC 1-lamp, 36 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FZ/FT/IFP/TOL 2-lamp, 58 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FZ/FT/IFP/TOL 2-lamp, 36 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHIARO FTR390/FTR680 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RAIN 1-/2-lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Seite 1 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:43 Uhr Seite 2 The five steps of lighting design The lighting design process can be simplified into five steps: Determine lighting REQUIREMENTS (see chapter on “Recommended values for indoor lighting”) SELECT lamps and luminaires (see “Lamps” and “Luminaires” chapters) Calculate NUMBER of luminaires required (using the Quickplan graphs below) POSITION the luminaires (axial spacing values are noted in the Quickplan diagrams) ANALYSE the results (technical lighting features, costs) (for costs see “Economic efficiency calculation” chapter) Efficiency method The Quickplan graphs have been calculated using the efficiency method. The following formulae can be used to give an approximate figure for the mean illuminance and the number of luminaires required. n · z · ØL · WF · ηB A n= Em = mean illuminance z = number of lamps per luminaire ØL = luminous flux of the lamp ηB = utilization factor (= ηLB · ηR ) ηLB = luminaire efficiency ηR = room utilization factor Em · A z · ØL · WF · ηB n = number of luminaires WF = maintenance factor A = floor area – Standard UGR values and maintained luminance levels for luminance limit angle (e.g. 65° or 75°) all around the luminaire – Correction factors for dark rooms and different ceiling heights (no. of luminaires x factor) – Maintenance factor uses an assumed value (graphs calculated using MF = 0.8) – Uniformity: max. luminaire spacing to achieve a uniformity greater than or equal to 0.7 The Lighting Handbook Em = 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 2/32 W TC-T (250) 2/26 W TC-D (250) 2/18 W TC-D (200) 180 200 86 80 72 66 60 54 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 2.9 m (2/13, 2/18), up to 2.8 m (2/26, 2/32) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 20 2/13 W TC-D (175) 2/18 W TC-D (200) 2/26 W TC-D (250) 2/32 W TC-T (250) UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° 17.3 17.3 < 1000 cd/m2 17.0 17.0 < 1000 cd/m2 15.8 15.8 < 200 cd/m2 16.2 16.2 < 200 cd/m2 2/13 W TC-D (175) PANOS HF/HG 175/200/250 2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 Ceiling height: 3 m 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:43 Uhr Chapter 6 / 3 Seite 3 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 180 2/26 W TC-DEL (250) 2/18 W TC-DEL (200) 200 86 80 72 66 60 54 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 3.1 m/2.9 m (2/26 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 4 / Chapter 6 2/13 W TC-D (175) 2/18 W TC-D (200) 2/26 W TC-D (250) UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65°/75° 17.6 17.6 75°< 200 cd/m2 18.6 18.6 75°< 1000 cd/m2 16.0 16.0 65°< 1000 cd/m2 2/13 W TC-DEL (175) PANOS HM 175/200/250 2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 Ceiling height: 3 m 500 lx 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:43 Uhr Seite 4 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 180 2/32 W TC-T (250) 2/26 W TC-D (250) 2/18 W TC-D (200) 200 86 80 72 66 60 54 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 3.7 m (2/18 W), up to 4 m (2/13 W, 2/26 W), up to 4.4 m (2/32 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 20 2/13 W TC-D (175) 2/18 W TC-D (200) 2/26 W TC-D (250) 2/32 W TC-T (250) UGR_axial UGR_transv. 75° 21.2 21.2 < 200 cd/m2 20.5 20.5 < 1000 cd/m2 21.7 21.7 < 200 cd/m2 24.5 23.5 2/13 W TC-D (175) PANOS LF/LG 175/200/250 2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 Ceiling height: 3 m 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:43 Uhr Chapter 6 / 5 Seite 5 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 180 2/32 W TC-TEL (250) 2/26 W TC-DEL (250) 2/18 W TC-DEL (200) 200 86 80 72 66 60 54 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 4 m (2/13 W, 2/18 W), up to 4.7 m (2/26 W,2/32 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 6 / Chapter 6 2/13 W TC-DEL (175) 2/18 W TC-DEL (200) 2/26 W TC-DEL (250) 2/32 W TC-TEL (250) UGR_axial UGR_transv. 75° 20.9 20.9 20.7 20.7 < 1000 cd/m2 22.1 22.1 22.7 21.9 2/13 W TC-DEL (175) PANOS LM 175/200/250 2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 Ceiling height: 3 m 500 lx 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:43 Uhr Seite 6 60 80 100 120 140 160 200 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 4 m (1/42 W, 2/32 W), up to 3.7 m (2/26 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 Floor area m2 180 18 24 30 6 2/32 W 2/26 W 1/42 W 10 40 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° 17.5 17.5 < 1000 cd/m2 16.1 16.1 < 200 cd/m2 18.5 18.5 < 1000 cd/m2 36 300 lx 12 20 CQF 1/42 W TC-T CQF 2/26 W TC-D CQF 2/32 W TC-T Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 QUARTOS CQF 1-/2-lamp 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 7 Seite 7 5 10 15 20 20 RAS/RES 2/54 W T16 RAS/RES 3/80 W T16 RAS/RES 4/54 W T16 RAS/RES 4/80 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 16.4 19.5 14.6 18.0 15.8 19.3 16.2 19.7 140 160 180 4/80 W 4/54 W 3/80 W 2/54 W MIRAL/MIREL RAS/RES - BWS 2-/3-/4-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 200 3 6 9 12 15 18 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 3.8 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 8 / Chapter 6 25 30 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 8 20 FEC 1/54 W T16 FEC 2/28 W T16 FEC 2/35 W T16 FEC 2/49 W T16 FEC 4/14 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 65° < 1000 cd/m2 < 1000 cd/m2 < 1000 cd/m2 < 1000 cd/m2 < 1000 cd/m2 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 17.7 17.9 16.3 15.7 14.6 14.0 15.4 14.8 16.1 15.5 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 MIREL FEC/FED 1-/4-lamp M625 160 180 2/49 W 2/35 W 2/28 W 1/54 W 4/14 W 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 4.3 m (1/54 W) or 4.7 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 9 Seite 9 10 20 30 40 20 RTX2 1/35 W + D RTX2 1/49 W + D RTX2 1/54 W + D RTX2 2/35 W + D RTX2 2/54 W + D Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 65° < 200 cd/m2 < 200 cd/m2 < 200 cd/m2 < 1000 cd/m2 < 1000 cd/m2 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 15.3 15.8 16.4 16.8 17.6 18.1 17.2 17.8 18.6 19.2 120 140 RTX II C or D 1-/2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 160 180 2/54 W 2/35 W 1/54 W 1/49 W 1/35 W 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 4.3 m 1-lamp, up to 4 m 2-lamp Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 10 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 10 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° ML IV A AC 2/35 T16 13.7 13.0 < 1000 cd/m2 ML IV A AC 2/49 T16 14.4 14.1 < 1000 cd/m2 ML IV A AC 2/54 T16 15.3 14.9 < 1000 cd/m2 ML IV B EC 1/55 TC-L M625 16.4 14.8 < 1000 cd/m2 ML IV B EC 2/24 T16 M625 16.7 14.7 < 1000 cd/m2 ML IV A EC 2/54 T16 M625 16.4 16.2 < 1000 cd/m2 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 180 EC 2/54 W 160 AC 2/54 W AC 2/35 W AC 2/49 W EC 1/55 W EC 2/24 W 200 3 6 9 12 15 18 MELLOW LIGHT IV – Louvre (surface-mounted/recessed) 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 4 m, axial spacing up to 4.7 m (2/24 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room (T16) Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.8 6,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 11 Seite 11 40 60 80 100 120 Floor area m 2 140 160 180 200 9 12 3 AB 2/49 W AB 2/54 W AB 2/35 W 15 5 EB 2/54 W EB 1/55 W EB 2/24 W 6 20 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 18.9 16.1 19.4 16.7 20.3 17.5 20.4 19.1 20.0 18.6 19.8 19.9 18 300 lx 10 15 20 ML IV A AB 2/35 W T16 ML IV A AB 2/49 W T16 ML IV A AB 2/54 W T16 ML IV B EB 1/55 W TC-L M625 ML IV B EB 2/24 W T16 M625 ML IV B EB 2/54 W T16 M625 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 MELLOW LIGHT IV – Grid-mesh controller (surface-mounted/recessed) up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up, axial spacing up to 5.4 m/4.7 m (2/54 W EB) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room (T16) Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.8 6,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 12 / Chapter 6 25 30 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 12 20 L-FIELD 2/24 W T16 L-FIELD 2/28 W T16 L-FIELD 2/35 W T16 L-FIELD 4/14 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° 15.4 15.3 14.4 14.3 65°< 1000 cd/m2 14.5 14.4 65°< 1000 cd/m2 14.5 14.2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 LIGHT FIELDS Recessed M625 160 180 2/35 W 2/28 W 4/14 W 2/24 W 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 3.7 m (2/28 W, 2/35 W), axial spacing up to 3.4 m (2/24 W, 4/14 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.77 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 13 Seite 13 10 20 30 40 20 L-FIELDS A 2/28 W L-FIELDS A 2/35 W L-FIELDS A 4/14 W Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° 14.4 14.4 65°< 1000 cd/m2 14.5 14.4 65°< 1000 cd/m2 14.5 14.2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 LIGHT FIELDS Surface-mounted 160 180 2/35 W 2/28 W 4/14 W 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 3.7 m (2/28 W, 2/35 W), axial spacing up to 3.4 m (4/14 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.77 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 14 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 14 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 2/49 W 180 200 6 12 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 3.7 m (2/49 W, 2/54 W), axial spacing up to 3.1 m (4/24 W) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.75 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 2/54 W 18 4/24 W 30 30 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 36 300 lx 24 L-FIELDS A-ID 2/49 W L-FIELDS A-ID 2/54 W L-FIELDS A-ID 4/24 W Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 LIGHT FIELDS A-ID 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 15 Seite 15 10 20 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 2/35 W 180 2/54 W 200 6 12 18 30 30 36 24 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 55°/65° <13 <13 55°< 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 65°< 1000 cd/m2 300 lx 40 2/35 W T16 2/54 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 LA TRAVE KC T16 2-lamp up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 3.1 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.75 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 16 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 16 10 20 40 60 100 120 140 160 180 200 6 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 4.2 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.75 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 Floor area m2 80 3/54 W 12 20 3/35 W 18 30 30 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 55°/65° <13 <13 55°< 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 65°< 1000 cd/m2 36 300 lx 24 3/35 W T16 3/54 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 LA TRAVE KC T16 3-lamp 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 17 Seite 17 10 20 20 40 60 100 Floor area m2 80 140 160 180 2/35 W 200 6 12 18 2/28 W 30 30 1/35 W 1/28 W 36 24 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 300 lx 40 1/28 W T16 1/35 W T16 2/28 W T16 2/35 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 120 CLARIS MSD-ID 1-/2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 3.9 m 1-lamp, up to 4.4 m 2-lamp Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.77 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 18 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 18 20 2/28 W T16 2/54 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 <13 <13 < 1000 cd/m2 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 AERO USN/UGN-ID 2-lamp 160 180 2/54 W 2/28 W 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 5.6 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.75 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 19 Seite 19 10 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 180 200 6 12 20 2/54 W 18 30 30 36 24 UGR_axial UGR_transv. <13 <13 300 lx 40 2/54 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 OREA GZ-ID 2-lamp up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 5.6 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.75 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 20 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 20 20 1/35 W T16 1/54 W T16 2/28 W T16 2/35 W T16 2/54 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 65°/75° 65°< 1000 cd/m2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 75°< 1000 cd/m2 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. <13 <13 <13 <13 <13 <13 <13 <13 14.6 13.5 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 160 180 2/54 W 2/35 W 2/28 W 1/54 W 1/35 W SPHEROS D-ID/C-ID T16 Electronic ballast 1-/2-lamp 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 4.2 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.77 4,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 21 Seite 21 10 20 30 40 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. TECTON 1/54 W T16 + RW 25.1 22.9 TECTON 1/54 W T16+PK+RW 25.5 20.9 TECTON 2/54 W T16 + RW 25.8 25.0 TECTON-I 2/54 W T16 + R 24.5 24.5 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 TECTON(-I) + RW T16 1-/2-lamp 160 180 2/54 W -I 2/54 W 1/54 W 1/54 W+PK 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 5.6 m/4.8 m (-I 2/54 W +R) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.80 6,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 22 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 22 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 2/80 W 160 180 -I 2/80 W 200 6 12 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 5.6 m/4.8 m (-I 2/80 W +R) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.80 6,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 1/80 W 18 1/80 W+PK 30 30 36 300 lx 24 UGR_axial UGR_transv. TECTON 1/80 W T16 + RW 25.4 23.2 TECTON 1/80 W T16+PK+RW 25.8 21.2 TECTON 2/80 W T16 + RW 26.1 25.3 TECTON-I 2/80 W T16 + R 24.8 24.8 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 TECTON(-I) + RW T16 1-/2-lamp 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 23 Seite 23 10 20 20 40 60 120 Floor area m2 80 140 160 180 2/80 W 2/54 W 1/80 W 200 6 12 18 1/54 W 30 30 36 24 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 19.4 18.8 19.7 19.2 21.2 20.5 21.5 20.9 300 lx 40 TECTON-IP 1/54 W T16 TECTON-IP 1/80 W T16 TECTON-IP 2/54 W T16 TECTON-IP 2/80 W T16 Ceiling height: 3 m 100 TECTON-IP Louvre T16 1-/2-lamp X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 4.4 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.80 6,000 h 2 years 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 24 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 24 20 ZX 1/58 W T26 ZX 2/58 W T26 ZX 1/58 W T26 + XR ZX 2/58 W T26 + XR ZX 1/58 W T26 + XT ZX 2/58 W T26 + XT Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 26.7 22.3 25.8 19.2 23.6 22.0 25.5 22.3 < 13 20.3 18.9 21.4 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 1/58 W 180 2/58 W+XT 2/58 W 1/58 W+XT 160 2/58 W+XR 1/58 W+XR ZX/XR/XT 1-/2-lamp T26 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing at Rh = 6 m up to 16 m (ZX)/ 14 m (XR)/6.5 m (XT) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.80 6,000 h 1 year 1 year over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 for (XR,XT)/1.25 for (ZX) • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 25 Seite 25 100 150 200 250 300 Floor area m2 350 400 450 500 3 9 12 5 1/250 W HSE 1/250 W HIE 15 18 6 50 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° 1/250W HIE RAB 19000lm TST 15.2 15.2 < 1000 cd/m2 1/250W HSE RAB 25000lm TST 16.2 16.2 < 1000 cd/m2 Ceiling height: 6 m 300 lx 10 15 20 COPA I 250 W X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 MF=0.79 (HIE) 4000 h 1 year 1 year Axial spacing up to 5 m (TST) Uniformity Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of lumi. (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 MF=0.83 (HSE) 8,000 h 3 years 3 years 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 26 / Chapter 6 25 30 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 26 50 100 150 250 300 Floor area m2 200 350 400 1/400 W 450 HSE** 1/400 W HSE* 500 3 6 MF=0.70 (HIE) 2000 h 1 year 1 year * (Colour rendition class Ra > 60) ** (Colour rendition class Ra > 20) Axial spacing up to 8.3 m Uniformity Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of lumi. (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 MF=0.83 (HSE) 8,000 h 3 years 3 years 24.06.2004 5 10 9 1/400 W HIE 15 15 18 300 lx 12 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65°/75° 1/400W HIE RAB 36000 lm 17.5 17.5 75°< 1000 cd/m2 1/400W HSE RAB 36000 lm* 17.6 17.4 75°< 1000 cd/m2 1/400W HSE RAB 47000 lm** 16.0 16.0 65°< 1000 cd/m2 Ceiling height: 6 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 COPA I 400 W 20 25 30 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 27 Seite 27 60 80 100 120 140 Floor area m 2 160 180 200 18 24 30 6 1/85 W RKF/RKID 1/57 W RKF/RKID 1/42 W RKF/RKID 1/32 W RKF/RKID 36 10 40 75°< 1000 cd/m2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 65°< 1000 cd/m2 65° / 75° 65°< 200 cd/m2 75°< 200 cd/m2 12 20 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 15.1 15.1 17.3 17.3 23.2 23.2 20.5 20.5 17.6 17.6 17.5 17.5 300 lx 20 30 40 COPA D 1/32W RKF/RKID COPA D 1/42W RKF/RKID COPA D 1/57W RKF COPA D 1/57W RKID COPA D 1/85W RKF COPA D 1/85W RKID Ceiling height: 4 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 COPA D 32/42/57/85 W up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 Axial spacing up to 5 m, up to 5.4 m (42 W RKF), up to 5.7 m (42 W RKID, 57 W RKF, RKID ) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires (IP65) Room maintenance MF= 0.78 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 Maintenance factor (MF) height 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 28 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 28 5 10 20 40 60 100 120 140 2 160 180 200 3 6 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 Axial spacing up to 4 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires (IP65) Room maintenance MF= 0.77 (HCI) 2,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 Maintenance factor (MF) height 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 Floor area m 80 1/150 W HIT 9 15 15 1/70 W HIT 18 300 lx 12 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 55°/65° COPA D 1/70W (6400 lm) 18.0 18.0 65° < 1000 cd/m2 COPA D 1/150W (14000 lm) 20.9 20.9 75° < 1000 cd/m2 Ceiling height: 4 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 COPA D 70/150 W 20 25 30 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 29 Seite 29 60 80 100 120 140 Floor area m 2 160 180 200 18 6 1/250 W QT 24 30 36 10 40 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 65° 17.8 17.8 < 1000 cd/m2 12 20 COPA D 1/250 W QT Ceiling height: 4 m 300 lx 20 30 40 COPA D 250 W QT X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 Axial spacing up to 4.5 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires (IP65) Room maintenance MF= 0.76 1,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 Maintenance factor (MF) height 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 30 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 30 50 100 150 COPA A-B 1/250W HIT (20000 lm) COPA A-B 1/250W HST (23000 lm) COPA A-B 2/250W HIT (40000 lm) COPA A-B 1/250W HST (46000 lm) Ceiling height: 6 m 250 300 Floor area m2 200 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 25.8 25.1 26.6 25.6 27.3 27.3 22.6 31.6 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 350 COPA A-B HIT/HST 1-/2-lamp 400 450 2/250 W HIT 2/250 W HST 1/250 W HST 1/250 W HIT 500 3 6 9 12 15 18 300 lx MF=0.80 (HIT) 2,000 h 1 year 2 years MF=0.81 (HST) 14,000 h 1 year 2 years Axial spacing up to: 7,5 m HST, up to 8.3 m 2/250 W HIT, up to 9 m 1/250 W HIT Uniformity Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of lumi. (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 24.06.2004 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 31 Seite 31 5 10 15 20 50 100 150 COPA A_B 1/400 W HIT (32000 lm) * COPA A_B 1/400 W HST (48000 lm) ** Ceiling height: 6 m 250 300 Floor area m2 200 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 25.8 25.1 26.6 25.6 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 350 COPA A-B HIT/HST 1-lamp 400 450 1/400 W HST 1/400 W HIT 500 3 6 9 12 15 18 300 lx MF=0.67 (HIT) 1,000 h 1 year 2 years * (Colour rendition class Ra > 90) ** (Colour rendition class Ra > 20) Axial spacing up to 9 m Uniformity Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of lumi. (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 MF=0.81 (HST) 14,000 h 1 year 2 years 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 32 / Chapter 6 25 30 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 32 150 200 250 300 350 450 500 Axial spacing up to 9 m Uniformity Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) MF= 0.80 2,000 h 1 year 2 years Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 24.06.2004 Floor area m2 400 18 24 6 1/400 W HME 1/250 W HME 30 10 100 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 27.0 25.2 29.0 27.7 36 300 lx 12 50 COPA A_B 1/250 W HME (13000 lm) COPA A_B 1/400 W HME (22000 lm) Ceiling height: 6 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 COPA A-N HME 1-lamp 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 33 Seite 33 2 4 6 50 100 COPA A-B 1/600 W HST COPA A-T 1/600 W HST COPA ASY 1/600 W HST Ceiling height: 6 m 150 250 300 Floor area m2 200 350 400 450 A-T 1/600 W HST A-B 1/600 W HST A-ASY 1/600 W HST UGR_axial UGR_transv. 32.7 31.2 22.6 27.7 - X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 COPA A-B, A-T, A-ASY HST 1-lamp 500 1 2 3 4 5 6 300 lx MF= 0.83 10,000 h 2 years 2 years Axial spacing up to 6.3 m (ASY), up to 7.5 m (A-B) Uniformity Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 34 / Chapter 6 8 10 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 34 50 100 150 COPA A-ASY 1/250 W HIT (20000 lm) COPA A-ASY 1/250 W HST (27000 lm) COPA A-ASY 1/400 W HIT (32000 lm) COPA A-ASY 1/400 W HST (48000 lm) Ceiling height: 6 m 250 300 Floor area m2 200 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 350 400 450 1/400 W HIT 1/250 W HST 1/400 W HST 1/250 W HIT COPA A-ASY HIT/HST 1-lamp 500 3 6 9 12 15 18 300 lx Clean large room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires (IP65) Room maintenance Maintenance factor (MF) MF=0.81 (HST) 14,000 h 2 years 2 years Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.1 24.06.2004 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 35 Seite 35 60 80 100 120 Floor area m2 140 160 180 200 6 10 40 12 24 30 20 TOL-TBC 1/36 W IFP 1/36 W FZ 1/36 W FT 1/36 W 36 18 20 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 22.0 17.3 19.4 15.2 22.7 18.4 19.8 19.5 300 lx 30 40 FZ 1/36W T26 FT 1/36W T26 IFP 1/36W T26 TOL 1/36W T26 TBC Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 FZ/FT/IFP/TOL-TBC 1-lamp, 36 W up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 5.8 m (TOLTBC), 7.8 m (IFP-PC) or 8.5 m (FZ, FT) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 (1.1 for TOL-TBC) • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 36 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 36 20 FZ 1/58W T26 FT 1/58W T26 IFP-PC 1/58W T26 TOL 1/58W T26 TBC Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 22.8 18.1 20.2 16.0 23.5 19.2 21.2 20.6 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 FZ/FT/IFP/TOL-TBC 1-lamp, 58 W FZ · FT 160 180 TOL-TBC IFP-PC 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 5.8 m (TOLTBC), 7.8 m (IFP-PC) or 8.5 m (FZ, FT) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 (1.1 for TOL-TBC) • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 30 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 37 Seite 37 10 20 20 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 140 FZ 2/36 W 30 160 180 IFP 2/36 W TOL 2/36 W UGR_axial UGR_transv. 23.2 18.6 20.8 16.8 24.1 19.5 19.8 19.5 40 FZ 2/36W T26 FT 2/36W T26 IFP 2/36W T26 TOL 2/36W T26 TBC Ceiling height: 3 m FT 2/36 W FZ/FT/IFP/TOL 2-lamp, 36 W X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 200 6 12 18 24 30 36 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 5.8 m (TOLTBC), 7.4 m (IFP-PC) or 7.9 m (FZ, FT) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 (1.1 for TOL-TBC) • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 38 / Chapter 6 50 60 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 38 20 FZ 2/58W T26 FT 2/58W T26 IFP 2/58W T26 TOL 2/58W T26 TBC Ceiling height: 3 m 40 60 100 120 Floor area m2 80 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 24.0 19.4 21.6 17.6 24.9 20.3 21.2 20.6 X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 140 160 TOL 2/58 W 180 IFP 2/58 W FZ 2/58 W FT 2/58 W FZ/FT/IFP/TOL 2-lamp, 58 W 200 3 6 9 12 15 18 300 lx up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 5.8 m (TOLTBC), 7.4 m (IFP-PC) or 7.9 m (FZ, FT) Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 (1.1 for TOL-TBC) • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 5 10 15 20 25 30 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 39 Seite 39 60 80 100 120 Floor area m2 140 160 180 200 18 24 30 36 6 40 22+40 W 1/55 W 10 2/40 W 1/40 W 42 48 54 12 20 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 20.3 20.3 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.6 19.8 19.4 300 lx 20 30 40 50 60 FTR 1/40W T16-R FTR 1/55W T16-R FTR 1/22W+40W T16-R FTR 2/40W T16-R RCeiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 CHIARO FTR390/FTR680 1-/2-lamp up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Axial spacing up to 4.5 m, up to 5 m 2/40 W Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Luminaire maintenance Room maintenance MF= 0.76 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 40 / Chapter 6 70 80 90 500 lx 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Seite 40 40 100 120 140 2/36 W 20 60 Floor area m2 80 160 180 2/54 W 200 6 12 up to 50 m2 1.2 1.4 1.6 Continuous row spacing up to 8 m Uniformity Clean medium-sized room Lamp operation Cleaning of luminaires Room maintenance MF= 0.78 6,000 h 1 year 2 years over 50 m2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Maintenance factor (MF) height 4m 5m 6m Correction factors • Dark room (50/40/20): 1.25 • Ceiling Floor area 24.06.2004 10 20 1/80 W 18 1/58 W 30 36 30 UGR_axial UGR_transv. 26.3 21.3 28.7 24.2 25.2 19.2 28.4 21.8 300 lx 24 RAIN 1/58 W T 26 RAIN 1/80 W T 16 RAIN 2/36 W T 26 RAIN 2/54 W T 16 Ceiling height: 3 m X=4H Y=8H / S=0.25H / Reflection factors 70/50/20 RAIN 1-/2-lamp 40 50 60 500 lx The Lighting Handbook 06_QUICKPLAN_uk.qxd 9:44 Uhr Chapter 6 / 41 Seite 41 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 1 Chapter 7 Lighting refurbishment Arguments for refurbishing lighting systems . . . . . . . . 3 – 4 Collecting data for lighting refurbishment . . . . . . . . . . 5 Illuminance measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Data-collection sheet for lighting refurbishment . . . . . . 6 – 17 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 2 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 3 Arguments for refurbishing lighting systems 1. Reduced operating costs 1.1. Energy savings – Efficiency of the luminaires improved from about 35 % to more than 80 % (e.g. opal diffuser luminaire to louvre luminaire) – Lower power consumption of ballasts Energy audit for 58 W fluorescent lamps Lamp diameter 38 mm Ballast convent. Lamp power 65 W Dissipated power 12 W Total power 77 W Extra power consumption 40 % 26 mm convent. 58 W 12 W 70 W 27 % 26 mm 26 mm low-loss electronic 58 W 50 W 8W 5W 66 W 55 W 20 % Energy audit for 36 W fluorescent lamps Lamp diameter 38 mm Ballast convent. Lamp power 40 W Dissipated power 9W Total power 49 W Extra power consumption 36 % 26 mm convent. 36 W 9W 45 W 25 % 26 mm 26 mm low-loss electronic 36 W 32 W 6W 4W 42 W 36 W 17 % – Using available daylight: potential energy savings of up to 70 % – Blinds control: prevents buildings getting too hot – Air-conditioned rooms: a reduction in the connected load means a reduction in heat load and hence less air-conditioning power (The heat load generated by a light output of 1 kW requires about 3 kW of cooling power) 1.2. Savings in lamp replacement costs The Lighting Handbook – The lamp lifetime of fluorescent lamps is extended by more than 50 % when operated with an electronic ballast (to 16,000 – 20,000 h) Chapter 7 / 3 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 4 1.3. Savings in maintenance costs – No need to buy a starter when using electronic ballasts – Modular design of luminaires and tool-free installation make it easier and hence cheaper to replace components – No more spare-parts problems, so lower maintenance costs (motto: complete refurbishment better than constant repairs) 2. Improved ergonomics Applying ergonomic principles to lighting brings the following proven benefits: – Growth in output – Fewer mistakes and lower stoppage rates – Reduced number of accidents The lower thermal load of refurbished lighting systems produces a more pleasant room environment, improved working conditions and thus a greater willingness to work. 3. Reliability and safety – Do the luminaires meet the electrotechnical requirements (e.g. ENEC mark of conformity)? – Do the luminaires comply with stipulated safety measures and requirements in the room (IP XX, FF/D, Ex)? 4 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook – Does the lighting meet photometric requirements (e.g. lighting level, glare limitation, etc.)? 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 5 Collecting data for the lighting refurbishment The data-collection sheets help you to compile all the relevant information for making an inventory of your existing lighting systems. They provide a basis for a photometric comparison and system costing. Illuminance measurement The average illuminance is the arithmetic mean of the point illuminance levels measured in a defined grid using a luxmeter under precisely defined conditions. Meters: designation and accuracy – L: highest accuracy; 3 % limit of error – A: high accuracy; 5 % limit of error – B: moderate accuracy; 10 % limit of error (minimum requirement) Measurement conditions – Avoid daylight/light from other sources (measure separately and deduct) – Check mains voltage and ambient temperature – Use new, suitably aged lamps (discharge lamps 100 h) Measurement grid and measurement height The Lighting Handbook – – – – – Workplaces = 0.75 m, sports facilities = 1.0 m Thoroughfares, stairs, indoor car parks = 0.03 m Cylindrical illuminance = 1.2 m Measurement grid: coincident rectangles; separation about 1 m Measurement grid not coincident with luminaire position grid Chapter 7 / 5 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 6 Data collection sheet for lighting refurbishment Project Contact Address Tel Fax Activities in room Old system Option 1 Option 2 Luminaire type A Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Luminaire type B Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Total connected load in kW ON period each day (h) Working days per year Annual ON period (h) Power consumption in kWh/a Annual savings in kWh Power costs per kWh Annual power costs in kWh Annual savings 6 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook Basic power price kW/year 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Room length 9:46 Uhr Reflection: Wall Seite 7 % Room width Ceiling % Room height Floor % u = Emin = Emean Uniformity Emean = lx Emin lx = The Lighting Handbook Room sketch: Costs Old system Option 1 Option 2 Cleaning per luminaire/year Lamp replacement (incl. lamp) Chapter 7 / 7 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 8 Data collection sheet for lighting refurbishment Project Address Contact Tel Fax Activities in room Old system Option 1 Option 2 Luminaire type A Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Luminaire type B Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Total connected load in kW ON period each day (h) Working days per year Annual ON period (h) Power consumption in kWh/a Annual savings in kWh Power costs per kWh Annual power costs in kWh Annual savings 8 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook Basic power price kW/year 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Room length 9:46 Uhr Reflection: Wall Seite 9 % Room width Ceiling % Room height Floor % u = Emin = Emean Uniformity Emean = lx Emin lx = The Lighting Handbook Room sketch: Costs Old system Option 1 Option 2 Cleaning per luminaire/year Lamp replacement (incl. lamp) Chapter 7 / 9 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 10 Data collection sheet for lighting refurbishment Project Address Contact Tel Fax Activities in room Old system Option 1 Option 2 Luminaire type A Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Luminaire type B Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Total connected load in kW ON period each day (h) Working days per year Annual ON period (h) Power consumption in kWh/a Annual savings in kWh Power costs per kWh Annual power costs in kWh Annual savings 10 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook Basic power price kW/year 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Room length 9:46 Uhr Reflection: Wall Seite 11 % Room width Ceiling % Room height Floor % u = Emin = Emean Uniformity Emean = lx Emin lx = The Lighting Handbook Room sketch: Costs Old system Option 1 Option 2 Cleaning per luminaire/year Lamp replacement (incl. lamp) Chapter 7 / 11 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 12 Data collection sheet for lighting refurbishment Project Address Contact Tel Fax Activities in room Old system Option 1 Option 2 Luminaire type A Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Luminaire type B Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Total connected load in kW ON period each day (h) Working days per year Annual ON period (h) Power consumption in kWh/a Annual savings in kWh Power costs per kWh Annual power costs in kWh Annual savings 12 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook Basic power price kW/year 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Room length 9:46 Uhr Reflection: Wall Seite 13 % Room width Ceiling % Room height Floor % u = Emin = Emean Uniformity Emean = lx Emin lx = The Lighting Handbook Room sketch: Costs Old system Option 1 Option 2 Cleaning per luminaire/year Lamp replacement (incl. lamp) Chapter 7 / 13 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 14 Data collection sheet for lighting refurbishment Project Address Contact Tel Fax Activities in room Old system Option 1 Option 2 Luminaire type A Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Luminaire type B Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Total connected load in kW ON period each day (h) Working days per year Annual ON period (h) Power consumption in kWh/a Annual savings in kWh Power costs per kWh Annual power costs in kWh Annual savings 14 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook Basic power price kW/year 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Room length 9:46 Uhr Reflection: Wall Seite 15 % Room width Ceiling % Room height Floor % u = Emin = Emean Uniformity Emean = lx Emin lx = The Lighting Handbook Room sketch: Costs Old system Option 1 Option 2 Cleaning per luminaire/year Lamp replacement (incl. lamp) Chapter 7 / 15 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:46 Uhr Seite 16 Data collection sheet for lighting refurbishment Project Address Contact Tel Fax Activities in room Old system Option 1 Option 2 Luminaire type A Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Luminaire type B Number of luminaires Number of lamps per luminaire Type of ballast System power per luminaire including ballast (W) Illuminance Total connected load in kW ON period each day (h) Working days per year Annual ON period (h) Power consumption in kWh/a Annual savings in kWh Power costs per kWh Annual power costs in kWh Annual savings 16 / Chapter 7 The Lighting Handbook Basic power price kW/year 07_BELSAN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 Room length 9:46 Uhr Reflection: Wall Seite 17 % Room width Ceiling % Room height Floor % u = Emin = Emean Uniformity Emean = lx Emin lx = The Lighting Handbook Room sketch: Costs Old system Option 1 Option 2 Cleaning per luminaire/year Lamp replacement (incl. lamp) Chapter 7 / 17 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Chapter 8 Economic efficiency calculation Economic efficiency calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Maintenance of lighting systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Table for lamp lumens maintenance factor (LLMF) and lamp survival factor (LSF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Table for luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) . . . . . . . 5 Table for room surface maintenance factor (RSMF) . . . 6 Table of burning hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Economic analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 13 Seite 1 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Seite 2 Economic efficiency calculation A short pay-back period is usually the most important consideration when designing lighting systems. The pay-back period calculation using the following forms is based on a static calculation method. This is a theoretical approach that delivers a guide value very quickly and is perfectly adequate for an initial estimate. Dynamic calculation models involving depreciation and interest payments are left to the financial experts and fall outside the scope of this handbook. Static calculation model Extra expenditure Investment costs Annual saving in operating costs Definition of terms used in the economic analysis sheets on page 8 onwards (3) System power of luminaire Lamp wattage + power dissipation in control gear. (5) Annual burning hours Total of the daily lamp ON hours over the year. The table of burning hours (page 7) provides help for daylight-dependent systems. (13) Maintenance factor A reference maintenance factor of 0.67 can be assumed (3-year maintenance interval, clean environment). The system-specific maintenance factor must be found in order to calculate the number of luminaires required. It is given by the product of lamp lumens maintenance factor, lamp survival factor, luminaire maintenance factor and room surface maintenance factor. These factors can be found from the tables on pages 3–7. The maintenance factor must be documented in the design process together with the basic conditions. (18) Cost of lamp replacement Cost of complete job of replacing the lamps, including the costs of the lamp and additional costs such as step ladders, weekend overtime payments or loss of production. (19) Cost of luminaire cleaning Cost of the complete job of cleaning the luminaire plus replacing faulty components in the lighting system including parts costs. (20) Cost of room cleaning Labour costs for cleaning room surfaces and restoring the reflection characteristics to their new condition. (21) Energy costs per kWh Estimate a mixed price for high and low tariff. Include energy standing charges in the working price. The Lighting Handbook Pay-back time = 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Maintenance of lighting systems 160 % 140 % 120 % 100 % Example: Luminaire maintenance: every year Room surface maintenance: every 3 years Lamp replacement: every 3 years Faulty lamp replacement: immediately 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 years 2.5 3.0 3.5 Maintenance factor (MF) = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF (see factor tables on the following pages) Environmental conditions The following table contains the recommended maximum maintenance interval for the type of environment. Environment Max. maintenance Work areas type interval Clean (C) 3 years Clean rooms, computer centres, electronic-component assembly areas, hospitals*) Normal (N) 2 years Offices, shops, schools, laboratories, restaurants, warehouses, assembly bays Dirty (D) 1 year Steel works, chemical plants, foundries, welding shops, grinding shops, woodworking The Lighting Handbook *) Sometimes shorter maintenance intervals are required for hygiene reasons. From CIE publication 97 “Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems”, dated 1995, ISBN 3 900 734 34 8 Chapter 8 / 3 Seite 3 4 / Chapter 8 LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF LLMF LSF 100 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1,000 0.93 0.50 0.98 0.91 0.94 1.00 1,500 0.89 0.03 0.97 0.84 0.91 1.00 0.80 0.99 0.95 0.98 0.94 0.97 0.85 0.98 0.85 0.88 0.83 0.93 0.65 0.90 0.77 0.96 0.98 1.00 0.78 0.95 0.94 0.98 0.93 0.96 0.83 0.94 0.80 0.84 0.80 0.89 0.62 0.85 0.75 0.93 0.97 0.99 0.89 0.90 0.88 0.80 0.88 0.50 0.88 0.50 0.74 0.72 0.58 0.72 0.72 0.83 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.70 0.50 0.90 0.96 0.89 0.90 0.76 0.80 0.60 0.78 0.73 0.88 0.97 0.98 0.72 0.64 0.91 0.97 0.90 0.94 0.74 0.75 0.92 0.98 0.91 0.95 0.76 0.85 0.92 0.98 0.92 0.96 0.83 0.50 Manufacturers’ figures from April 2003. Assumes the use of the latest ballast technology. For other manufacturers or lamp types, please contact relevant lamp manufacturer. 0.83 1.00 0.96 0.99 0.95 0.98 0.88 0.98 0.89 0.91 0.88 0.97 0.70 0.94 0.80 0.98 0.98 1.00 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 0.95 0.50 0.89 1.00 0.97 0.99 0.96 0.99 0.97 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.96 0.93 0.99 0.78 0.98 0.90 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 500 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.97 1.00 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook LLMF burning hours Incandescent lamp CIE 1997 Low-voltage halogen lamp Philips Capsuline Pro Single-phosphor fluorescent lamp CIE 1997 Triphosphor fluorescent lamp T26 Osram LUMILUX Triphosphor fluorescent lamp T16 Osram FH, FQ Compact fluorescent lamp Osram DULUX Metal halide lamp Ceramic Osram HCI-150 W/WDL Metal halide lamp Quartz Osram HQI-E 250 W/D Metal halide lamp Quartz Osram HQI-E 400 W/D Mercury vapour lamp Philips HPL 250/400 W Sodium vapour lamp Philips SON(-T) PIA Plus 100–400 W 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 9:48 Uhr Seite 4 Table for lamp lumens maintenance factor (LLMF) and lamp survival factor (LSF) 0.5 N D C 1.0 N D S 1.5 N D C 2.0 N D C 2.5 N D C 3.0 N D 0.93 0.89 0.83 0.89 0.81 0.72 0.84 0.74 0.64 0.80 0.69 0.59 0.77 0.64 0.54 0.74 0.61 0.52 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.85 0.79 0.73 0.83 0.77 0.71 0.81 0.75 0.68 0.79 0.73 0.65 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.92 0.88 0.83 0.91 0.86 0.81 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.90 0.84 0.79 Reflector enclosed above (no self-cleaning effect) Enclosed IP2X Dust-proof IP5X Indirect luminaires 0.92 0.89 0.85 0.86 0.81 0.74 0.81 0.73 0.65 0.77 0.66 0.57 0.73 0.60 0.51 0.70 0.55 0.45 From CIE publication 97 “Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems”, dated 1995, ISBN 3 900 734 34 8 0.95 0.91 0.88 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.84 0.80 0.75 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.79 0.74 0.68 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.93 0.89 0.83 0.91 0.87 0.80 0.89 0.84 0.78 0.87 0.82 0.75 0.85 0.79 0.73 C Reflector exposed above (self-cleaning effect) Luminaire cleaning interval in years Environment type Luminaire type Bare batten luminaires The Lighting Handbook 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Table for luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) Chapter 8 / 5 Seite 5 Direct 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.94 Direct/Indirect 0.95 0.90 0.86 0.94 0.88 0.85 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.87 0.84 0.79 0.86 0.82 0.78 Indirect 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.86 0.79 0.74 0.84 0.77 0.70 0.81 0.74 0.68 0.78 0.72 0.65 From CIE publication 97 “Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems”, dated 1995, ISBN 3 900 734 34 8 Large K = 5.0 Direct 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.94 Direct/Indirect 0.95 0.90 0.86 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.90 0.86 0.83 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.87 0.84 0.79 0.86 0.82 0.78 Indirect 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.86 0.79 0.74 0.84 0.77 0.70 0.81 0.74 0.67 0.78 0.72 0.64 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook 6 / Chapter 8 Medium K = 2.5 Room cleaning interval in years 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Environment type C N D C N D C N D C N D C N D C N D Room size/ Illumination Room index type Small Direct 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.94 0.92 0.88 K = 0.7 Direct/Indirect 0.94 0.88 0.84 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.89 0.83 0.80 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.84 0.79 0.74 Indirect 0.90 0.84 0.80 0.85 0.78 0.73 0.83 0.75 0.69 0.81 0.73 0.66 0.77 0.70 0.62 0.75 0.68 0.59 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 9:48 Uhr Seite 6 Table for room surface maintenance factor (RSMF) 310 310 310 310 258 258 24-h shift working, Process monitoring/control Double shift, 6 days/week Single shift, 6 days/week Single shift, 5 days/week 10 10 10 10 16 16 Hours/day 24 24 No Yes No Yes No Yes 24.06.2004 From CIE publication 97 “Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems”, dated 1995, ISBN 3 900 734 34 8 2.58 1.55 3.10 1.76 4.96 3.72 Daylight-dependent control Burning hours per lamp and year 1,000 hours No 8.76 Yes 7.30 Daylight-dependent control: the lamps switch on automatically when there is too little daylight available. Data is based on the assumption that there is sufficient available daylight for half the year. On period Days in use/year 365 365 Working mode/shift type The Lighting Handbook 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 9:48 Uhr Table of burning hours Chapter 8 / 7 Seite 7 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Seite 8 Economic analysis Building project Option 1 Luminaire type Option 2 (1) Luminaire data Number of lamps per luminaire (2) System power of luminaire (W) (3) Operating data Service life of system (y) (4) Annual burning hours see page 7 (5) Lamp replacement interval (y) (6) Luminaire cleaning interval (y) (7) Room cleaning interval (y) (8) Number of luminaires Lamp lumens maintenance factor see page 4 (9) Lamp survival factor see page 4 (10) Luminaire maintenance factor see page 5 (11) Room surface maintenance factor see page 6 (12) Maintenance factor (9) x (10) x (11) x (12) (13) Number of luminaires (14) Cost of one luminaire (15) Cost of one lamp (16) Installation costs per luminaire (17) 8 / Chapter 8 The Lighting Handbook Itemised investment costs 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Option 1 Option 2 Itemised operating costs Cost of lamp replacement (18) Cost of luminaire cleaning (19) Cost of room cleaning (20) Energy costs per kWh (21) Investment costs Luminaire costs (14) x (15) (22) Lamp costs (14) x (2) x (16) (23) Installation costs (14) x (17) (24) Investment costs (22) + (23) + (24) (25) Operating costs Room cleaning costs (20) x (4) (8) (26) Luminaire cleaning costs (19) x (4) (7) (27) Lamp replacement costs (18) x (4) (6) (28) Energy costs (14) x (3) x (4) x (5) x (21) 1000 (29) Operating costs (26) + (27) + (28) + (29) (30) Annual operating costs (30) (4) (31) The Lighting Handbook Pay-back period* = (25) Option 2 – (25) Option 1 (31) Option 1 – (31) Option 2 Pay-back period* = – – = years = years * excludes depreciation and interest Chapter 8 / 9 Seite 9 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Seite 10 Economic analysis Building project Option 1 Luminaire type Option 2 (1) Luminaire data Number of lamps per luminaire (2) System power of luminaire (W) (3) Operating data Service life of system (y) (4) Annual burning hours see page 7 (5) Lamp replacement interval (y) (6) Luminaire cleaning interval (y) (7) Room cleaning interval (y) (8) Number of luminaires Lamp lumens maintenance factor see page 4 (9) Lamp survival factor see page 4 (10) Luminaire maintenance factor see page 5 (11) Room surface maintenance factor see page 6 (12) Maintenance factor (9) x (10) x (11) x (12) (13) Number of luminaires (14) Cost of one luminaire (15) Cost of one lamp (16) Installation costs per luminaire (17) 10 / Chapter 8 The Lighting Handbook Itemised investment costs 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Option 1 Option 2 Itemised operating costs Cost of lamp replacement (18) Cost of luminaire cleaning (19) Cost of room cleaning (20) Energy costs per kWh (21) Investment costs Luminaire costs (14) x (15) (22) Lamp costs (14) x (2) x (16) (23) Installation costs (14) x (17) (24) Investment costs (22) + (23) + (24) (25) Operating costs Room cleaning costs (20) x (4) (8) (26) Luminaire cleaning costs (19) x (4) (7) (27) Lamp replacement costs (18) x (4) (6) (28) Energy costs (14) x (3) x (4) x (5) x (21) 1000 (29) Operating costs (26) + (27) + (28) + (29) (30) Annual operating costs (30) (4) (31) The Lighting Handbook Pay-back period* = (25) Option 2 – (25) Option 1 (31) Option 1 – (31) Option 2 Pay-back period* = – – = years = years * excludes depreciation and interest Chapter 8 / 11 Seite 11 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Seite 12 Economic analysis Building project Option 1 Luminaire type Option 2 (1) Luminaire data Number of lamps per luminaire (2) System power of luminaire (W) (3) Operating data Service life of system (y) (4) Annual burning hours see page 7 (5) Lamp replacement interval (y) (6) Luminaire cleaning interval (y) (7) Room cleaning interval (y) (8) Number of luminaires Lamp lumens maintenance factor see page 4 (9) Lamp survival factor see page 4 (10) Luminaire maintenance factor see page 5 (11) Room surface maintenance factor see page 6 (12) Maintenance factor (9) x (10) x (11) x (12) (13) Number of luminaires (14) Cost of one luminaire (15) Cost of one lamp (16) Installation costs per luminaire (17) 12 / Chapter 8 The Lighting Handbook Itemised investment costs 08_WIRTSCHAF_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:48 Uhr Option 1 Option 2 Itemised operating costs Cost of lamp replacement (18) Cost of luminaire cleaning (19) Cost of room cleaning (20) Energy costs per kWh (21) Investment costs Luminaire costs (14) x (15) (22) Lamp costs (14) x (2) x (16) (23) Installation costs (14) x (17) (24) Investment costs (22) + (23) + (24) (25) Operating costs Room cleaning costs (20) x (4) (8) (26) Luminaire cleaning costs (19) x (4) (7) (27) Lamp replacement costs (18) x (4) (6) (28) Energy costs (14) x (3) x (4) x (5) x (21) 1000 (29) Operating costs (26) + (27) + (28) + (29) (30) Annual operating costs (30) (4) (31) The Lighting Handbook Pay-back period* = (25) Option 2 – (25) Option 1 (31) Option 1 – (31) Option 2 Pay-back period* = – – = years = years * excludes depreciation and interest Chapter 8 / 13 Seite 13 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Chapter 9 Technical information “Ceiling Brightness Impression” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Ceiling Illuminance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Luminance Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Protection classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Degrees of protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 7 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 9 Chemical effects on materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 12 Short-circuit protection and loading of circuits . . . . . . . 13 – 20 Low-voltage installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 23 Seite 1 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr “Ceiling Brightness Impression” The LG3 criteria have always required that the ceiling is relatively well illuminated, but under the “Category System” for Downlighters, the market defaulted to luminaire selection with no emphasis on other qualitative criteria. The LG3 Addendum solved this by banning the Category System and setting a target for illuminating the ceiling to at least 30 % of the task illuminance. The use of an illuminance ratio in lux on the ceiling is crude but easy to calculate, however difficult to measure. The intention is unequivocal: To maintain the brightness of the ceiling within certain limits to avoid the so called cave effect. Zumtobel Staff recognise that many luminaire types, especially those with Dual Components that emit some light at high angles, actually in themselves contribute to the Brightness Impression. In consequence we have developed an application programme that can calculate the CBI – Ceiling Brightness Impression for any luminaire (of any manufacture). The CBI application uses the algorithms from the standard Glare Calculation and the output data is presented for each luminaire type for crosswise and endwise viewing. The basis of the calculation is to take notional room sizes in ratios of “h” value just as the Glare calculation. Then for a regular array of luminaires it first calculates for varying room reflectance the illuminance on the ceiling. It converts this to brightness. Then it takes each luminaire and calculates the brightness subtended at the viewers eye. This is weighted by the solid angle so distance and elevation is accounted for. Any luminaires proximate to the viewer that exceed 2,000 cd/m2 are excluded, as these are considered to be glaring and not contributing to the overall brightness impression. The Lighting Handbook A typical luminaire CBI chart is shown below, for a Mellow IV Recessed luminaire. As would be known such a luminaire would only achieve about 20 % task illuminance on the ceiling, but when you account for the additive effect of luminaires in the space the overall brightness average calculate back to lux equivalency, easily achieves a CBI or Ceiling Brightness Impression exceeding 30. Seite 2 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Ceiling Illuminance Surface Dual Component Luminaries – Directly illuminate ceiling and walls – Provide measureable brightness – Provide increased brightness impression The Lighting Handbook Fully recessed Dual Component Luminaires – Directly illuminate walls – Do not directly illuminate ceiling – Create apparent brightness – Provide increased brightness impression Chapter 9 / 3 Seite 3 4 / Chapter 9 Make and Model LG Flatron 915FT Plus Nokia 500Xa 15" FDP Compaq TFT 5005 15" FPD LG Flatron LCD 575 MS 15" FPD NEC Multisync LCD1760NX Samsung Syncmaster 700 IFT 17" CRT NEC Multisync 1810X Nocia Pro 800+ 18" FPD Dell Ultrasharp 1504FP Ilyama LS902UT Visionmaster 1451 Ilyama TXA 3813MT 15" FPD Compaq 7500 PE1163T Toshiba Tecra 8000 LAPTOP Samsung Syncmaster 700 TFT 17" FP LG Studioworks 5000 LC 15" FPD Samsung 15" FPD LG Studioworks 880 LC 18" FPD Dell D828L 14" CRT Samsung Syncmaster 753s Samsung Syncmaser 550s 15" CRT AOC 4NLR 14" CRT Date of mnfr. Dec-02 Jun-99 Oct-00 Nov-00 Apr-03 Nov-99 Oct-99 Oct-99 Nov-02 Feb-02 Feb-02 Feb-02 Jan-99 Feb-99 Feb-99 Dec-99 Dec-99 Dec-97 Oct-01 Oct-01 Jan-95 I I I I I I I I I I II I I I Class I I I I I I Increasing tolerance to reflections 24.06.2004 The Lighting Handbook Lmax (cd/m2) positive Type 9500 CRT 4900 FDP 4400 FPD 3800 FPD 3700 FPD 3700 CRT 3500 FPD 3500 FPD 3200 FPD 3100 CRT 2700 FPD 2200 CRT 2000 LAPTOP 1 1900 FPD 1800 FPD LG3 Limit 1700 FPD 2 1,500 cd/m 1400 FPD 1400 CRT 1300 CRT 1200 CRT 900 CRT 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 9:51 Uhr Luminance Limit Modern computer screens are increasingly tolerant to reflections. BS EN 29241-7 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals. Seite 4 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Protection classes Zumtobel Staff luminaires are classified into the following protection classes – a measure intended to afford protection against electric shock. Class I luminaires Class I is not identified by a symbol; the luminaire is intended to be connected to a protective earth conductor which bears the mark. Most Zumtobel Staff luminaires are designed in accordance with protection class I unless otherwise stated. Class II luminaires Class II luminaires have total insulation but no protective earth terminal. The Zumtobel Staff range includes protection class II luminaires, for instance moisture-proof batten luminaires and moisture-proof diffuser luminaires. Class III luminaires Class III identifies luminaires that are intended for operation with a protective extra low voltage (50 V max.). Zumtobel Staff architectural luminaires include class III luminaires, e.g. PRIO low-voltage spotlights. Protection class I Protection class II Protection class III Degrees of protection Degrees of protection indicate the following properties of equipment: The Lighting Handbook – The quality of its protection against direct contact – Its sealing against ingress of solid foreign bodies (dust, stones, sand, etc.) – Its sealing against the ingress of water Chapter 9 / 5 Seite 5 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr The type of protection is defined by two degrees of protection in accordance with IEC 529: – Degree of shock-hazard protection and protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies (1st digit) – Degree of protection against the ingress of water (2nd digit) For example IP 23: IP 2 3 INGRESS PROTECTION Protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies having a Ø < 12 mm (medium-sized solid bodies), insertion of fingers or objects. Protection against ingress of water falling at any angle up to 60º from vertical. There must be no adverse effect (spray water). Degrees of protection for technical luminaires Protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies as per first digit IP 0X IP 1X IP 2X IP 3X IP 4X IP 5X IP 6X Unprotected against ingress of solid foreign bodies Protection against solid bodies > 50 mm Protection against solid bodies > 12 mm Protection against solid bodies > 2.5 mm Protection against solid bodies > 1 mm Dust-protected (limited ingress of dust) Dust-tight (no ingress of dust) IP X5 IP X6 IP X7 IP X8 No special protection Drip-proof – protection against water drops Protection against water drops up to 15º from the vertical Rainproof – protection against spray water up to 60º Splash-proof – protection against spray water from all directions Jet-proof – protection against jets of water Protection against heavy seas (conditions on ship decks) Watertight – protection against immersion (pressure and time specified) Protection against immersion under pressure (with instructions from manufacturer) 6 / Chapter 9 The Lighting Handbook Protection against moisture as per second digit IP X0 IP X1 IP X2 IP X3 IP X4 Seite 6 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Applications for luminaires with increased protection Damp locations Bakeries Manure sheds Animal-feed preparation facilities Industrial kitchens Boiler rooms Commercial workshops Granaries (Deep-freeze) cold storage Pump houses Sculleries Laundries Wet locations IP X1 IP X1 IP X1 IP X1 IP X1 IP 20 IP X1 IP X1 IP X1 IP X1 IP X1 The following generally applies: IP X5: for cleaning using water jets IP X4: in rinsing areas Beer or wine cellars Shower cubicles Meat processing facilities Electroplating facilities Greenhouses Dairies Workshops using wet processes Car wash areas Agricultural facilities IP X4 IP X4 IP X5 IP X4 IP X4 IP X4 IP X4 IP X4 The following generally applies: IP X5: for cleaning using water jets The Lighting Handbook Beer or wine cellars IP 44 Shower cubicles IP 44 Stores, storerooms for hay, straw, feedstuff IP 44 Intensive stock farming IP 44 Animal sheds IP 44 Adjoining rooms of animal sheds IP 44 Facilities with increased fire risk Workrooms Woodworking Sawmills Paper processing Textile processing Treatment and fabrication Gymnasia and sports halls IP 50 IP 50 IP 50 IP 50 IP 50 IP 50 Badminton courts Squash courts Indoor tennis courts Gymnasia and sports halls IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 The following generally applies: IP X5: for cleaning using water jets IP 54+FF: when increased fire risk ballproof luminaires ballproof luminaires with all-round cover; maximum mesh size 60 mm Chapter 9 / 7 Seite 7 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Fire protection Luminaire identification marking The following criteria must be taken into account: – Position of normal use – Fire behaviour of environment and mounting surfaces – Minimum clearance from combustible substances and materials Luminaires with thecmark Luminaires which carry thecmark must be constructed so that the temperature on the mounting surface does not exceed 130 °C during abnormal operation, and does not exceed 180 °C in the event of a ballast fault. Luminaires with this mark are suitable for direct mounting on parts of buildings made of noncombustible, flame-retardant or normally flammable building materials according to DIN 4102. d /Umark Luminaires with the Both marks regulate the surface temperatures of luminaires. External surfaces on which readily flammable substances such as dust or fibrous materials may accumulate when luminaires are installed as prescribed must not exceed specific temperatures. The d luminaire mark was withdrawn in 1999. A validity transition period allows the d mark to be used until 01. 08. 2005. TheUmark introduced in EN 60598 has applied since 01.08.1998. The d mark limits the temperature on horizontal surfaces to 95 °C during normal operation and 115 °C in the event of a ballast fault. Temperatures must not exceed 220 °C on vertical surfaces. In order to fulfil the criteria of theUmark, the surface temperature on horizontal surfaces must not exceed 90 °C. The maximum temperature in the event of a fault is 115 °C, the same as for the d mark. The temperature must not exceed 150 °C on vertical surfaces. Luminaires with theQmark Luminaires which carry theQmark are intended for installation in furniture. They are designed so that in the event of a ballast fault, flame-retardant and normally flammable materials as specified in DIN 4102 cannot be ignited, e.g. in corners of wooden furniture. The materials may be painted, veneered or varnished. 8 / Chapter 9 The Lighting Handbook q mark Luminaires with the Luminaires which carry the q mark are intended for mounting in or on furniture made of materials whose flammability is not known. They are designed so that in normal operation any mounting surface or other adjacent furniture surfaces do not exceed a temperature of 95 °C. Seite 8 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr The Lighting Handbook Fire protection: Place of use – Mark – Requirements Chapter 9 / 9 Seite 9 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Chemical effects on materials No material is resistant to all chemical influences. The effects of chemicals vary widely and take up entire volumes of resistance tables. The table on the opposite page can therefore only give a brief overview of effects of some frequently occurring chemicals and is subject to the following conditions: – The chemical substance listed in the table is a basic material and not part of a chemical compound. – The ambient temperature is 22 °C. A great many complaints could be avoided if due consideration were given during the planning stage to the situation in which the luminaire is going to be used. What are the key factors? 2. Applications The following applications are just a few examples of situations in which material damage may occur: – Chemical and petrochemical industry – Foodstuffs industry (cheese production, dairies, meat processing, breweries) – Agriculture – Fishing industry – Kitchens and industrial cooking facilities – Car wash facilities – Production facilities and workshops using a high level of oil and grease 3. Chemical composition The chemical composition should be discussed with every operator. 4. Degree of saturation of chemical substances 1. Luminaire materials 10 / Chapter 9 5. Ambient temperature Depending on the type and composition of the substances, chemical reactions will take place over a range of temperatures. We should be glad to provide further advice if you have any questions or doubts about the resistance of any materials. The Lighting Handbook A luminaire consists of several parts having different functions and which are therefore made from different materials (base plate, cover, seal, closures, cable inlets, etc.). Seite 10 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd The Lighting Handbook Chemical substance in question 24.06.2004 Stainless Alusteel minium Acetic acid up to 5 % Acetic acid up to 30 % Acetone Alcohol up to 30 % Alcohol, concentrated Aliphatic hydrocarbons Ammonia 25 % Aniline Aromatic hydrocarbons Battery acid Beer Benzene Blood Bromic acid Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Caustic soda solution 2 % Caustic soda solution 10 % Chloroform Chlorophenol Diesel oil, crude oil Dioxan Ether Ethyl acetate (ester) Glycerine Glycol Glysantin Hydrochloric acid up to 20 % above 20 % Hydrogen peroxide up to 40 % over 40 % 9:51 Uhr Poly- Polymeth- Polyester acrylate..carbonate • • • • • • – • • • • • – • • • – – • – • • – • – • • • • • • • – – • • – • – – • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • – • • • – – • • • • • • • • • • • • – • – • • • • – – – • • • – • • • – • • – • – • • – • • – – • – – – • • • – • • – • – • • – – – – – • – – – • • • – – – • • • • • • • • • • • – – – • • • • = resistant, • = resistant to limited extent, – = not resistant Chapter 9 / 11 Seite 11 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd Chemical substance in question 24.06.2004 Stainless Alusteel minium Ketones Lime milk Lysol Methylene chloride Methanol Metal salts and their aqueous solutions Naphtha (cleaner’s naphtha) Petrolium ether Pyridine Phenol Nitric acid up to 10 % up to 20 % above 20 % Sea water Soap-suds Soda Sodium chloride solution Sulphuretted hydrogen Sulphuric acid up to 50 % up to 70 % above 70 % Sulphurous acid up to 5 % Synthetic detergents Turpentine Water up to 60 °C Xylene 9:51 Uhr Poly- Polymeth- Polyester acrylate..carbonate • • • • • • – • • • – • – – – – • – – – – • – – – • • • • • – • • • • • • • – – • • • – – • • • – – • • • • • • • • – – • • • – • • • • – • • • • • • • – • • • • • • • – • • • • • – – – – – – • • – • • – • • – • • • • • • • • • • • • • • – • • • • – – • • • – 12 / Chapter 9 The Lighting Handbook • = resistant, • = resistant to limited extent, – = not resistant Seite 12 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Short-circuit protection and loading of circuits Miniature circuit breakers Trip characteristic Range B C D over 3 ln to 5 ln over 5 ln to 10 ln over 10 ln to 20 ln Maximum number of fluorescent lamps per miniature circuit breaker Number of fluorescent lamps with conventional or low-loss ballast for different lamp circuits shunt p.f. correction twin-lamp Trip characteristic Rated current A TC 9/11 W TC-D 13 W TC-D 18 W TL + TC-L 18 W TC-L 24 W TC-D + T 26 W TL + TC-L 36 W TL 58 W TC 9/11 W TC-D 13/18 W TC 18 W TC-L 18/24 W TC-D + -T 26 W TL + TC-L 36 W TL 58 W TC-L 24 W TC-D + -T 26 W TL + TC-L 18 W TC + TC-L 36 W TL 58 W inductive B C 10 62 47 27 30 23 14 71 71 32 32 20 60 54 46 28 16 100 75 43 48 37 23 114 114 51 51 32 96 86 74 46 20 125 94 53 60 46 28 144 144 64 64 41 120 106 92 56 25 156 115 66 75 57 36 179 179 79 79 51 150 132 114 72 10 62 47 27 30 23 14 99 99 44 44 27 60 54 46 28 16 100 75 43 48 37 23 159 159 71 71 44 96 86 74 46 20 125 94 53 60 46 28 201 201 89 89 56 120 106 92 56 25 156 115 66 75 57 36 250 250 110 110 71 150 132 114 72 Loading of automatic circuit breakers for metal halide lamps – Maximum recommended number of electronic ballasts per automatic circuit breaker The Lighting Handbook Electronic ballasts for HIT/HIT-DE/HIE and HIT-CE/HIT-TC-CE/HIT-DE-CE/HIE-CE metal halide lamps, non-dimming (TRIDONIC PCI series): C10 1.5 mm2 C13 1.5 mm2 C16 1.5 mm2 C20 2.5 mm2 B10 1.5 mm2 B13 1.5 mm2 B16 1.5 mm2 B20 2.5 mm2 1/20 W HI 24 33 42 48 12 15 19 19 1/35 W HI 16 22 28 32 8 10 13 13 1/70 W HI 10 18 26 30 6 10 13 13 1/150 W HI 7 14 20 20 4 6 7 7 Chapter 9 / 13 Seite 13 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Loading of automatic circuit breakers for electronic ballasts for fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps – Maximum recommended number of electronic ballasts per automatic circuit breaker Electronic ballasts for T16 fluorescent lamps, non-dimming (TRIDONIC PC T5 PRO series): 1/14 W 2/14 W 3/14 W 4/14 W 1/21 W 2/21 W 1/28 W 2/28 W 1/35 W 2/35 W 1/24 W 2/24 W 1/39 W 2/39 W 1/54 W 2/54 W 1/49 W 2/49 W 1/80 W T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 C10 1.5 mm2 46 46 30 30 46 46 44 18 46 20 46 30 30 18 30 14 30 18 18 C13 1.5 mm2 80 80 46 46 80 78 78 28 80 30 80 50 40 28 46 20 46 28 28 C16 1.5 mm2 80 80 50 50 86 80 80 30 80 30 80 50 50 30 50 24 50 30 30 C20 2.5 mm2 140 140 64 64 98 100 90 36 140 44 140 64 60 36 80 30 58 36 36 B10 1.5 mm2 23 23 15 15 23 23 22 9 23 10 23 15 15 9 15 7 15 9 9 B13 1.5 mm2 40 40 23 23 40 39 39 14 40 15 40 25 20 14 23 10 23 14 14 B16 1.5 mm2 40 40 25 25 43 40 40 15 40 15 40 25 25 15 25 12 25 15 15 B20 2.5 mm2 70 70 32 32 49 50 45 18 70 22 70 32 30 18 40 15 29 18 18 1/18 W 2/18 W 3/18 W 4/18 W 1/36 W 2/36 W 1/58 W 2/58 W T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 14 / Chapter 9 C10 1.5 mm2 46/46 30/44 32/– 20/– 32/46 20/20 32/32 14/14 C13 1.5 mm2 80/80 46/80 46/– 30/– 48/80 30/30 46/46 20/20 C16 C20 1.5 2.5 mm2 mm2 104/140 110/140 68/140 84/140 66/– 80/– 40/– 44/– 70/140 84/140 40/42 44/44 66/66 80/80 26/26 30/30 B10 1.5 mm2 23/23 15/22 16/– 10/– 16/23 10/10 16/16 7/7 B13 1.5 mm2 40/40 23/40 23/– 15/– 24/40 15/15 23/23 10/10 B16 1.5 mm2 52/70 34/70 33/– 20/– 35/70 20/21 33/33 13/13 B20 2.5 mm2 55/70 42/70 40/– 22/– 42/70 22/22 40/40 15/15 The Lighting Handbook Electronic ballasts for T26 fluorescent lamps, non-dimming (TRIDONIC PC E011/PC T8 PRO series): Seite 14 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Electronic ballasts for T16 fluorescent lamps, Basic dimming/Dali dimming (TRIDONIC PCA T5 ECO/PCA T5 EXCEL one4all series): 1/14 W 2/14 W 3/14 W 4/14 W 1/21 W 2/21 W 1/28 W 2/28 W 1/35 W 2/35 W 1/24 W 2/24 W 1/39 W 2/39 W 1/54 W 2/54 W 1/80 W T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 C10 1.5 mm2 30 22 16 16 30 22 32 16 32 16 22 22 22 14 22 14 10 C13 1.5 mm2 50 32 26 24 50 32 50 22 50 22 32 32 32 22 32 22 20 C16 1.5 mm2 70 44 34 34 70 44 72 30 70 30 44 46 44 28 44 28 30 C20 2.5 mm2 80 50 42 38 76 50 80 34 80 34 50 52 50 34 50 34 30 B10 1.5 mm2 15 11 8 8 15 11 16 8 16 8 11 11 11 7 11 7 5 B13 1.5 mm2 25 16 13 12 25 16 25 11 25 11 16 16 16 11 16 11 10 B16 1.5 mm2 35 22 17 17 35 22 36 15 35 15 22 23 22 14 22 14 15 B20 2.5 mm2 40 25 21 19 38 25 40 17 40 17 25 26 25 17 25 17 15 Electronic ballasts for T26 fluorescent lamps, Basic dimming/Dali dimming (TRIDONIC PCA T8 ECO/PCA T8 EXCEL one4all series): The Lighting Handbook 1/18 W 2/18 W 3/18 W 4/18 W 1/30 W 2/30 W 1/36 W 2/36 W 1/58 W 2/58 W T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 T26 C10 1.5 mm2 30 20 12 12 30 10 30 10 20 10 C13 1.5 mm2 50 30 18 16 50 20 50 20 30 20 C16 1.5 mm2 80 40 24 24 70 30 70 30 40 30 C20 2.5 mm2 80 46 30 28 76 30 76 30 46 30 B10 1.5 mm2 15 10 6 6 15 5 15 5 10 5 B13 1.5 mm2 25 15 9 8 25 10 25 10 15 10 B16 1.5 mm2 40 20 12 12 35 15 35 15 20 15 B20 2.5 mm2 40 23 15 14 38 15 38 15 23 15 Chapter 9 / 15 Seite 15 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Electronic ballasts for TC-L compact fluorescent lamps, Basic dimming/Dali dimming (TRIDONIC PCA TCL ECO/ PCA TCL EXCEL one4all series): 1/18 W 2/18 W 1/24 W 2/24 W 1/36 W 2/36 W 1/40 W 2/40 W 1/55 W 2/55 W 1/80 W TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L C10 1.5 mm2 30 30 30 30 80 20 30 14 20 10 18 C13 1.5 mm2 50 50 50 50 80 30 50 20 30 14 28 C16 1.5 mm2 80 80 80 80 80 40 80 26 40 20 30 C20 2.5 mm2 80 80 80 80 100 40 80 30 40 22 36 B10 1.5 mm2 15 15 15 15 40 10 15 7 10 5 9 B13 1.5 mm2 25 25 25 25 40 15 25 10 15 7 14 B16 1.5 mm2 40 40 40 40 40 20 40 13 20 10 15 B20 2.5 mm2 40 40 40 40 50 20 40 15 20 11 18 Electronic ballasts for TC-L compact fluorescent lamps, non-dimming (TRIDONIC PC PRO FSD series): TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L TC-L 16 / Chapter 9 C13 1.5 mm2 50 50 50 50 80 30 50 20 30 14 28 C16 1.5 mm2 80 80 80 80 80 40 80 26 40 20 30 C20 2.5 mm2 80 80 80 80 100 40 80 30 40 22 36 B10 1.5 mm2 15 15 15 15 40 10 15 7 10 5 9 B13 1.5 mm2 25 25 25 25 40 15 25 10 15 7 14 B16 1.5 mm2 40 40 40 40 40 20 40 13 20 10 15 B20 2.5 mm2 40 40 40 40 50 20 40 15 20 11 18 The Lighting Handbook 1/18 W 2/18 W 1/24 W 2/24 W 1/36 W 2/36 W 1/40 W 2/40 W 1/55 W 2/55 W 1/80 W C10 1.5 mm2 30 30 30 30 80 20 30 14 20 10 18 Seite 16 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Electronic ballasts for TC-DEL/TEL compact fluorescent lamps, non-dimming (TRIDONIC PC PRO series): 1/13 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 2/13 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 1/18 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 2/18 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 1/26 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 2/26 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 1/32 W TC-TEL 2/32 W TC-TEL 1/42 W TC-TEL 2/42 W TC-TEL 1/57 W TC-TEL C10 1.5 mm2 C13 1.5 mm2 C16 1.5 mm2 C20 2.5 mm2 B10 1.5 mm2 B13 1.5 mm2 B16 1.5 mm2 B20 2.5 mm2 80 80 80 100 40 40 40 50 80 80 80 100 40 40 40 50 80 80 80 100 40 40 40 50 30 50 80 80 15 25 40 40 30 50 80 80 15 25 40 40 32 30 16 30 16 20 50 50 22 50 22 30 80 80 30 80 30 30 80 80 44 80 44 44 16 15 8 15 8 10 25 25 11 25 11 15 40 40 15 40 15 15 40 40 22 40 22 22 The Lighting Handbook Electronic ballasts for TC-DEL/TEL compact fluorescent lamps, Basic dimming/Dali dimming (TRIDONIC PCA ECO/ PCA EXCEL one4all series): 1/13 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 2/13 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 1/18 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 2/18 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 1/26 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 2/26 W TC-DEL/ TC-TEL 1/32 W TC-TEL 2/32 W TC-TEL 1/42 W TC-TEL 2/42 W TC-TEL C10 1.5 mm2 C13 1.5 mm2 C16 1.5 mm2 C20 2.5 mm2 B10 1.5 mm2 B13 1.5 mm2 B16 1.5 mm2 B20 2.5 mm2 40 60 80 80 20 30 40 40 28 40 60 64 14 20 30 32 30 50 70 76 15 25 35 38 22 32 46 68 11 16 23 34 30 50 70 76 15 25 35 38 22 26 10 26 10 32 38 18 38 18 46 50 24 50 24 56 58 28 58 28 11 13 5 13 5 16 19 9 19 9 23 25 12 25 12 28 29 14 29 14 Chapter 9 / 17 Seite 17 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Loading of automatic circuit breakers for high-pressure lamps – Maximum recommended number of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker Conventional ballasts for HIT/HIT-DE/HIE metal halide lamps, uncompensated Lamp values Number of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker W V A C10 C16 C20 C25 B10 B16 B20 B25 35 230 0.53 11 18 23 29 9 15 18 23 70 230 0.98 7 11 14 17 5 8 9 12 150 230 1.8 4 6 7 9 2 4 5 6 250 230 3 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 400 230 3.5 2 3 4 5 1 2 2 3 Conventional ballasts for HST/HST-DE/HSE high-pressure sodium vapour lamps, uncompensated Lamp values Number of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker W V A C10 C16 C20 C25 B10 B16 B20 50 230 0.77 9 14 18 22 6 10 13 70 230 1 7 11 14 17 5 8 10 100 230 1.2 6 9 11 14 4 6 8 150 230 1.8 4 6 7 9 2 4 5 250 230 3 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 400 230 4.4 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 B25 16 12 10 7 4 2 Conventional ballasts for HME high-pressure mercury vapour lamps, uncompensated 18 / Chapter 9 B25 20 15 10 5 2 1 The Lighting Handbook Lamp values Number of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker W V A C10 C16 C20 C25 B10 B16 B20 50 230 0.6 10 15 18 23 8 13 16 80 230 0.8 6 9 11 14 6 10 12 125 230 1.15 4 6 7 9 4 7 9 250 230 2.15 2 3 3 4 2 3 4 400 230 3.25 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 700 230 5.4 1 1 1 2 – 1 1 Seite 18 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Conventional ballasts for HIT/HIT-DE/HIE metal halide lamps, compensated Lamp values W V 35 230 70 230 150 230 250 230 400 230 ComNumber of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker pensation C10 C16 C20 C25 B10 B16 B20 6 µF 22 36 45 50 11 18 23 12 µF 12 18 23 29 8 13 16 20 µF 7 11 14 17 5 8 10 32 µF 5 7 9 11 3 5 6 35 µF 3 5 7 8 2 4 5 B25 27 20 12 8 6 Conventional ballasts for HST/HST-DE/HSE high-pressure sodium vapour lamps, compensated Lamp values W V 50 230 70 230 100 230 150 230 250 230 400 230 ComNumber of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker pensation C10 C16 C20 C25 B10 B16 B20 10 µF 16 24 31 38 11 17 22 12 µF 12 18 23 29 8 13 16 12 µF 10 16 20 25 7 11 14 20 µF 7 11 14 17 5 8 10 36 µF 5 7 9 11 3 5 6 45 µF 3 4 5 7 2 3 4 B25 27 20 17 12 8 5 Conventional ballasts for HME high-pressure mercury vapour lamps, compensated The Lighting Handbook Lamp values W V 50 230 80 230 125 230 250 230 400 230 700 230 ComNumber of ballasts per automatic circuit breaker pensation C10 C16 C20 C25 B10 B16 B20 B25 7 µF 19 31 39 49 10 15 18 23 8 µF 12 19 24 30 6 9 11 14 10 µF 7 12 15 19 4 6 7 9 18 µF 4 6 7 9 2 3 3 4 25 µF 2 4 5 6 1 2 2 2 40 µF 1 2 2 3 – 1 1 1 Chapter 9 / 19 Seite 19 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Loading of automatic circuit breakers for low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps – Maximum recommended number of transformers per automatic circuit breaker Magnetic transformers for QT/QR/QR-CB(C) halogen incandescent lamps (TRIDONIC TMBx/OMTx series): Power 20 W 35 W 50 W 70 W 80 W 105 W 150 W 210 W 300 W C10 58 41 21 15 14 8 4 2–3 1–2 C16 93 65 35 24 22 13 6 4–5 2–3 B10 29 20 10 7 7 4 2 1 n.r. B16 46 32 17 12 11 6 3 2 1 n.r. = not recommended Magnetic transformers for QT/QR/QR-CB(C) halogen incandescent lamps (TRIDONIC TMAx/TMDx series): Power 20 W 35 W 40 W 50 W 60 W 70 W 80 W 105 W C10 42 35 26 23 21 16 13 9 C16 67 56 43 37 33 26 21 14 B10 21 17 13 11 10 8 6 4 B16 33 28 21 18 16 13 10 7 Magnetic transformers for QT/QR/QR-CB(C) halogen incandescent lamps (TRIDONIC OGT series): Power 250 W 300 W 500 W C10 3–4 2 1 C16 5–6 3–4 1–2 B10 1–2 1 n.r. B16 2–3 1–2 n.r. 20 / Chapter 9 The Lighting Handbook n.r. = not recommended Seite 20 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Low-voltage installation Service life and luminous flux Multiplication factor for relative operating values The service life and luminous flux of low-voltage halogen lamps are extremely voltage dependent. Voltage changes on the line side are transferred to the secondary side in the same ratio. A 1 V overvoltage is insignificant for a 230 W halogen 4 lamp. For a 12 V halogen lamp, 3 however, this represents an 2 overvoltage of 8 % which re1 = duces the average 100% service life of the 0.8 0.6 halogen lamp, 0.4 e.g. from 3,000 0.3 hours to approx. 0.2 1,200 hours. 50 7 30 6 5 20 Lh 10 8 6 Φ 4 2 1= 100% 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Φ Lh 0.15 60 % 80 % 100 % 120 % 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 140 % Φ = luminous flux Lh = service life Voltage as % of nominal voltage Operation at rated load Magnetic transformers should be operated at rated load as far as possible so as to avoid any rise in the secondary voltage which can result in a reduction in lamp service life (5 % overvoltage corresponds to 30 % shorter life). Conductor cross-sections and voltage drop The Lighting Handbook Because the voltages are small, large currents flow on the secondary side. If conductors are long and have small crosssections, this can result in considerable voltage drops. Crosssections must be chosen so that the voltage drop across the conductor between transformer and lamp does not exceed 5 %. Chapter 9 / 21 Seite 21 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Required conductor cross-sections in mm2 as a function of transformer rating and cable length (one-way line length) for magnetic transformers: Transformer rating 20 VA 50 VA 1OO VA 150 VA 200 VA Cable length in m up to 2 m up to 4 m 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 up to 6 m 1.5 1.5 4 6 6 up to 8 m 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 up to 10 m up to 12 m 1.5 1.5 2.5 4 6 6 10 10 10 16 Installation The distance between transformer and lamps must be as short as possible (minimum distance, however, is approx. 30 cm) in order to avoid the relatively large conductor cross-sections. On the other hand, there is often unwanted humming, especially when lighting is adjusted; therefore the transformer must be installed out of earshot if possible. Transformer 22 / Chapter 9 The Lighting Handbook Wherever possible, cables must be laid in a star configuration and be of equal length to ensure that all lamps receive the same voltage. Seite 22 09_ELEKTROTECH_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 9:51 Uhr Transformers and light regulation Only approved safety transformers should be used. The ambient temperature must not exceed 50 °C max. Please note that transformers for use in areas which present fire risks must carry the appropriate conformity mark (e.g. , , , ). Phase control Halogen lamps are operated with a magnetic transformer. Reverse phase control Halogen lamps are operated with an electronic transformer in the high-frequency range. Important: do not exceed maximum conductor length. Safety measures when operating low-voltage halogen lamps Low-voltage halogen lamps generate a huge amount of heat. In the case of recessed luminaires, make sure there is adequate heat removal and that the safety distances from combustible materials are observed. The necessary safety distances from the illuminated surface also apply when using spotlights. These are identified by the following symbol and details of the relevant distance in metres: The Lighting Handbook …m Chapter 9 / 23 Seite 23 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:21 Uhr Seite 2 10_NOTIZEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:51 Uhr The Lighting Handbook Personal Notes Chapter 10 Seite 1 10_NOTIZEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:51 Uhr Seite 2 Chapter 10 The Lighting Handbook Personal Notes 10_NOTIZEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:51 Uhr The Lighting Handbook Personal Notes Chapter 10 Seite 3 10_NOTIZEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:51 Uhr Seite 4 Chapter 10 The Lighting Handbook Personal Notes 10_NOTIZEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:51 Uhr The Lighting Handbook Personal Notes Chapter 10 Seite 5 10_NOTIZEN_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:51 Uhr Seite 6 Chapter 10 The Lighting Handbook Personal Notes 00_INHALTSVER_uk.qxd 24.06.2004 10:10 Uhr United Kingdom Norway Zumtobel Staff Lighting Ltd. Zumtobel Staff Belysning AS Unit 4 - The Argent Centre, Industriveien 11 Pump Lane 1481 Hagan Hayes/Middlesex UB3 3BL Tel: +47/(0)670/62230 Tel. +44/(0)20 8589 1800 Fax: +47/(0)670/62269 Fax +44/(0)20 8756 4800 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.zumtobelstaff.co.uk Sweden Zumtobel Staff AB USA and Canada Norr Mälarstrand 8 Zumtobel Staff Lighting 11220 Stockholm 3300 Route 9W Tel: +46/(0)8/6511480 Highland, New York 1258-2630 Fax: +46/(0)8/265605 Tel. +1/(0)845/691 62 62 E-mail: [email protected] Fax +1/(0)845/691 62 89 www.zumtobelstaff.us Head offices Zumtobel Staff GmbH Australia and New Zealand Schweizer Strasse 30 Zumtobel Staff (Australia) Pty. Ltd. Postfach 72 2 Wella Way A-6851 Dornbirn, AUSTRIA Somersby, NSW 2250 Tel. +43/(0)5572/390-0 Tel. +61/(2)4340 3200 Fax +43/(0)5572/22 826 Fax +61/(2)4340 2108 Email: [email protected] Zumtobel Staff GmbH & Co. KG www.zumtobelstaff.com.au Grevenmarschstr. 74-78 D-32657 Lemgo, GERMANY Tel. +49/(0)5261/2 12-0 Fax +49/(0)5261/2 12-7777 www.zumtobelstaff.de www.zumtobelstaff.com Art.-No. 04 797 525-UK 07/04 © Zumtobel Staff Technical data was correct at time of going to press. We reserve the right to make technical changes without notice. Please contact your local sales office for further information. Printed on environmentally-friendly chlorine-free paper. Seite 2