PROYECTO ESPECIAL BINACIONAL LAGO TITICACA (PELT)

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO
Proyecto Especial Binacional
Lago Titicaca
PROYECTO ESPECIAL
BINACIONAL LAGO TITICACA
(PELT)
LOCAL ENGINEERING
SOLUTIONS
Location and surface
The basin of Lake Titicaca is located in
Southamerica, to the South of Peru and
Northwest of Bolivia.
La basin is part of the System Lake
Titicaca, River Desaguadero, Lake Poopo
and Lake Salar de Coipasa, denominated
TDPS.
The surface of the basin is 56,270 km2.
PERU
BOLIVIA
Puno
The area of the Department is 71,999 km2 and
in 2004 the population was 119,462, equivalent
to 4.9% of Peru´s population and the 5th
populated department of the country. Much of
p
is situated in the Peruvian
the department
altiplano, a high plateau in the Andes Mountains
ranging in altitude from 3,809 m.a.s.l. to over to
5,000 m.a.s.l.
Puno town in mainly built around the western
shores of inner Puno Bay, which itself a part of
Puno Bay (550 km2), a large bay at the north
western of Lake Titicaca (8,167 km2) .
Lake Titicaca is at an altitude of 3809 m.a.s.l.
and the town extends up surrounding
mountains slopes to about 3,950
3 950 m.a.s.l.
m a s l The
area therefore forms a self-contained unit or
basin within the general watershed area of Lake
Titicaca. The area is located within the southern
tropics around latitude 15 50´and longitude
70W.
Topography, Geology, Geomorphology
TOPOGRAPHY
The study area basin consists mainly of steep
hill with slopes from 20º – 45º. They are highest
(4,500 m.a.s.l.) and steepest at the western part
behind Puno town where they consist mainly of
extinct volcanic cones.
GEOLOGY
The geological setting of the study area is the
altiplano depression of the Peruvian Andes
Mountains. The itself is a vast intermontane
basin in the central Andes of Peru, Bolivia and
Argentina Lying between the Western and the
Eastern Cordilleras.
GEOMORPHOLOGHY
The Puno basin is geomorphology very active,
due to lake dynamic, rainfall and human
activity. Wind erosion is of minor importance.
URBAN DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
Evaluation of present conditions
At the present, the major rain events flood the
street in the several locations in the low lying
area of Puno City. The street flooding takes place
where the street drainage system is insufficient
or does not exist. But the natural gradient
towards the drains rain water within a relative
short period .
The small rivers (microcuencas) located on the
steep hill over the city center, disposal of solid
wastes, and used construction material are
frequently observed due to the insufficient solid
waste collection and the lack of sanitation
facilities. Those wastes are washes away by the
rain events. Through urban drainage ways, reach
the bay of Puno.
Puno
The erosion control measures initiated by PELT
for the higher part of the area over 3,850 m.a.s.l.
manage to control the serious of the area,
although
the
facilities
require
periodical
maintenance works. PELT intends to extend
existing facilities to the whole catchment area of
the interior bay.
Existing system
The City of Puno, originally developed in the
low lying area along the shoreline on the
interior bay of Puno, later expanded toward
west going up the steep slope and recently
towards north over the hill.
The drainage system utilize the natural
drainage ways (small rivers/ravines called
microcuencas), but in the city, those drainage
y turned into drainage
g channels,, which
ways
now consist the urban drainage systems.
The drainage channels presently receive a
large volume of silt from the hill slope and
unpaved roads of the city.
Identifications of problems
(1) Street flooding
Street flooding is observed mostly in low lying
area of the city. Although the flood level does
not seriously obstruct the traffic so far, street
drainage facilities shall be installed. Only few
street in the city have proper drainage
facilities.
(2) Sedimentation in the drainage ways
Sedimentation of silt and debris is observed
most of the drainage ways, which reduce the
hydraulic capacity of the system.
Major
sources of incoming silt are earth banks of
p
road in the steep
p hill
small rivers,, unpaved
and construction site scattered in the city.
(3) Rainwater inflow to the sanitary sewer
systems
The lack of proper street and building
drainage facilities leads to the intentional and
unintentional rain water discharge into the
sanitary sewer system.
Existing facilities
The natural drainage system consists of small
rivers
(microcuencas).
The
major
microcuencas are show in the next figure.
PELT has been taking the following
f
measures
to control erosion of steep hill the city center.
a) Small dams
b) Masonry walls to hold soil
c)) Infiltration ditches
The erosion control facilities for microcuencas
are inspected by personnel of PELT at the end
of rain season. The repair works for the
damaged small dams are required after the
major storm events. an drainage systems.
Small dams constructed
Channel existing
Without drainage system
Our local engineering solutions
PROYECTO ESPECIAL BINACIONAL LAGO TITICACA
(PELT)
THANKS