To Secure Civil Rights in Alabama..., Spring, 1965

ALABAMA ••••.
.i
The following lists of companies and their trade names has been
compiled by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and includes
only companies with plants or subsidiaries in Alabama.
It is felt that these companies 1 as a result of their prominent
position in the state s total economy 1 could 1 were they so motivated 1
1
effect significant and long-overdue progress toward:
- Securing for all citizens 21 and older 1 their civil right +in fact register and vote in all elections 1 and
- Ending finally the brutality and violence 1 bo1~, sanctioned and
condemned by elected official's 1 which has consistently been
used to discourage the Negro citizens of Alabama from fulfilling
their responsibilities to take an active part in this democratic
government.
Carefully chosen from the entire business community 1 these
144 companies represent those businessmen in Alabama who have
most abdicated their
res~onsibility
to the communities they serve
and support 1 and from which they derive benefit.
It is conceivable that individuals and local groups across this
1
land who have in so many ways supported the drive of Alabama s
Negroes for the right to vote 1 would want to reexamine the economic
support they have been giving to these companies and therefore to
the brutal and systematic exclusion of Negro citizens from the
governments of Alabama.
2
COMPANIES
AR~GEP_
PV HOME OfFlCE _
COLORADO
BIRMINGHAM:
ALABAMA BY-PRODUCTS CORP,
ALABAMA POWER CO.
CONTAINER CORP.
DENVER:
MCGRAW-EDISON CO.
IDEAL CEMENT
QUAKER OATS
HAYES INTERNATIONAL COR!'.
STONE CONTAINER
VULCAN MATERIALS CO.
CONNfcrtCUT
LEEDS:
BRIDGEPORT:
WARNER BROS. CO.
ALABAMA DRY DOCKS & SHIPBUILDING
STAMFORD:
SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES
HUYCK, I!>C.
MONTGOMERY :
WJUTFIELD PICKLE CO.
SWIFT" CO,
EVANSTON:
ANDERSON ELECTRIC CORP.
MOBILE:
CONSOLIDA'rED FOODS CORP.
DELAWARE
NORTH BIRMINGHAM:
CALUMET " HECLA, INCORJ?.
KEWANEE :
BOSS MFG. CO.
OAKBROOK:
CJUCAGO BRIDGE & IRON CO.
INDIANA
ALABAMA GAS CORP.
U, S, PIPE & .'OUNDRY CO,
OPELIKA:
WILMINGTON:
HERCULES POWDER
PULLMAN, INCORP.
COLUMBUS:
ARVIN INDUSTRIES
INDIANAPOLIS:
J. HERBERT ORR INDUSTRIES
P. R. MALLORY & CO.
SELMA:
MUNCIE :
BUSHHOG INC.
SOUTHLAND CORP.
SYLACAUGA:
ATLANTA :
liiARHOEFER PACKING C O.
FULTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
AVONDALE MILLS
OXFORD CORP.
WOODWARD:
SOUTHERN CO.
WOODWARD IRON CO.
CALIFORNIA
WEST POI NT:
WE ST POINT MFG. CO.
BE VER LY HI L LS:
LITTON INDUSTRIES
ILLINOIS
MARYLAND
BALTIMORE :
COMME RCIAL CRE DIT CO.
MT. VE RN ON MILLS
MASSACHUSETTS
BOSTON:
F ULLERTON:
KENDALL CO.
HUNT FOODS & INDUSTRIES. INC
CJUCAGO:
EASTHAMPTON:
ALLIED MILLS , INCORP.
OAKLAND:
UNITED ELASTIC CORP.
KAISER ALUMINUM & CHEMICAL CO
ALLIED PAPER CORP .
AMERICAN BAKERIES CO.
REDWOOD:
MICHIGAN
ARMOUR AND CO.
AMPEX CORP.
DEARBORN:
BEATRICE ··ooDS CO.
SAN F RANCISCO:
FORD MOTOR CO.
FOREMOST DAIRIES. INCORP.
STANDARD OIL
o.·
CALIFORNIA
CECO STEEL PRODUCTS
J AMES B. CL OW & SON
Utf l
AMERACE CORP.
DETROIT:
CHRYSLER CORP.
AMERICAN BRAKE SHOE
FRUEHAUF CORP.
AMERICAN CAN CO.
I
AKRON:
B. F. GOODRICH
AVCO CORP.
JACKSON:
BEAUNIT COHP.
ACME INDUSTRIES
CENTRAL FOUNDRY CO.
SOUTHFIELD:
CLUETT, PEABODY & CO.
GUERDON INDUSTRIES
CONTINENTAL CAN cp.
MINNESOTA
GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO.
CANTON:
UNION METAL MFG. CO.
CLEVELAND:
COLE NATIONAL CORP.
DOLLY MADISON FOODS
DIAMOND ALKALI CO.
ELECTRIC BOND & SHARE CO.
LAMSON & SESSIOI>S CO.
AUSTIN:
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
REPUBLIC STEEL CORP.
GEO. A. HORMEL & CO.
GLEN ALDEN CORP.
MINNEAPOLIS:
v
T OLEDO:
INDIAN HEAD MILLS, INC.
ELTRA CORP.
MUNSINGWEAR, I NCORP .
INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO.
PILLSBURY CO.
PENNSYLVANIA
KAYSER-ROTH. CORP.
ST. PAUL:
LONE STAR CEMENT CORP.
ALLJCNTOW N:
MINNESOTA MINING & MFG. CO.
LOWENSTEIN & SONS
MISSOURI
M.AHLENE INDUSTRIES
MARTIN MARIETTA CORP.
LEHIGH P ORTLA ND CEMENT CO.
BRISTOL :
TH!OKOL CHEMICAL , CORP.
KANSAS CITY :
NATIONAL DAI]l)' PRODUCTS
CHESTE11 :
BUTLER MFG. CO.
OLI N MATJ!IESON
SCOTT PAPE H CO.
II. D. LEE. JNC.
PHJ LADELPHIA & HEADI NG COH P .
ST. LOUIS :
l' lllLU l' S-YAN HEu SE N CO RP.
BEMIS B ROS. J" AG CO.
HUBEHOTD CO.
MONSAN T O CO.
ST . REGIS PA P E H CO.
EAST ON:
AL PHA POH T LAND CEMENT CO .
E RI E:
HAMM.ER!<UL L P AP E I1 CO.
HALST ON PU RI NA CO.
STA!\U: Y IVA RNEH CORP .
NEBRASKA
OMAHA:
NEW JERSEY
STA UF FER CHEMICAL CO.
BAYUK CIGAR S , INCORP.
Ul\'lO N BAG-CAMP P APER CO.
ROHM & HAASS CO.
Ul\lON CARBIDE CORP .
NEBRAS KA CONSOLIDATE!)f
MILLS
NEW BRUNSWICK :
JOHNSON & JOHNSON
PASSAIC:
BOTANY INDUSTRIES
NEW YORK
P HILADELPHIA :
PITTSBURGH :
u . S. STEEL
HARBISON-WALKER REFHACTOHIES C<
WARD FOODS , JNC.
NATCO C01P.
WARSHOW & SONS
H.K. PORTER
WORTHJNGTON CORP.
WESTINGHOUSE EL.ECTI!IC
PELHAM MANOR :
EXQUISITE FORM INDUSTRIES
WYOMISSING:
VANITY FAIR
WHITE PLAINS:
REICHHOLD CHEMICALS
RHOVE IS LANV
EAST PROVIDENCE :
BUFFALO:
NATIONAL GYPSUM CO.
NEW YORK CITY
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP.
NORTH CAROLINA
GHEENSBORO:
BLUE BELL, INC.
B URLINGTON INDUSTRIES
FRAM CORP.
4
TENNESSEE
CHATTANOOGA:
-DORIEY CORP,
IITANDAR().COOIIA-THATCHER CO:
IIEifPNffil·
FJ:DEIIAL COMPRESS lo WABEHOVBE CO.
NABHVILLE:
GENESCO INCORP.
TfXAS
DALLAS:
1 BURRY
Lo\11.0 & SHORTENING:
BUTTERNUT
AAMIX
COLONIAL
JEWEL
OANDE£
JUSTRITE-HAJM:ST TIME
FARM CREST
KOPALD
GRENNAN CAKES
MARHOEFER
HARVEST
SILVERLEAF
HOLSUM
SNOWDRIFT
HONEYCRUST
WESSON OIL
FORDAN
DAIRY PRODUCTS:
KILPATRICK'S
ADELPHIA
CAMPBELL TAGGART AISOClATED BAKERIES
LANGENDORF
IIIVEBIIA, INC,
LIFE AND GIRL SCOUT
COOKIES
CASINO
MANOR
CHEEZ WHIZ
MEAD'S
CHURNGOLD
ME RITA
CLOVERBLOOM
PARADISE FRUIT CAKE
DAN NON
PILLSBURY
DOLLY MADISON
RAINBO
FOREMOST
TAYSTEE
HOLLAND
TIP-TOP
HUMKO
BLUE VALLEY
HOUSTON:
TENNESSEE GAS TRANSiflSSION CORP .
DANVILLE:
DA!IliiVER MILLS
RICHifOMD:
REYNOLDS METALS CO.
WISCONSIN
MEAT & POULTRY:
KEYJ<O
ARM OU R STAR
KRAFT
BEST
LOUIS SHERRY
NEENAH:
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORP.
BROOKFIELD
MEADOW GOLD
WEST ALLIS :
COLONIAL SELECT
MIRACLE WHIP
DINTY MOORE
MISS WISCONSIN
FLAVOR GROWN
PARKA¥
GOLDEN STAR
P: ILADELPHIA
CREAM CHEESE
ALLIS-CHALMERS MFG. CO.
ENGLAND
LONDON:
HAM WHAT AM
COUTAULD, LTD.
HORMEL
SEALTEST
VELVEETA
JUSTRITY-HARVES'i TIME
MARHOEFER
FLOUR, MEAL & GRITS:
MERIT
AUNT JEMIMA
PREMIUM
BEST OUT WE ST
PROTEN
CABIN HOME
SPAM
COSBY'S BEST
SWEET SUE
GOLDEN FLAKE
AUNT HANNAH
SWIFT PREMIUM
JIM DANDY
BARBARA ANN
TREET
MOTHER'S BEST
PRODUCTS AND
TRADE NAMES
BAKERY PRODUCTS:
I
PILLSBURY BEST
UNCLE SAM
WHITE TUUP ·
MIXES:
HUNT'S
GEBHARDT'S MEXICAN FOOD
CENTURY VANAPLUS
MONARCH
JANKER FRIS
CLARK'S
PRIDE OF THE FARM
KOBEY' S POTATO PRODUCTS
EXCELLO
SNIDER'S
LA CHOY CHINESE FOOD
FRUIT OF THE LOOM
WHITE STAR TUNA
MARIO'S SPANISH OLIVES
HATHAWAY
OHIO BLUE TIP MATCHES
JAYSON
SARAH LEE FROZEN FOODS
MUNSINGWEAR
SWEETA
PARIS
APPIAN WAY PIZZA
AUNT JEMIMA
FIAI<O
PILLSBURY
CEREALS:
PICKLES & RELISHES:
ALABAMA GIRL
AMERICAN
SWEET-10
BOND'S
UNION SUGAR
CORN CHEX
lADY GRACE
MOTHER'S OATS
LUTZ & SCHRAMM
M~FE'l'S .
RAINBO
VIGORO
'otNGrt ··
QUAKER OATS
QUAKER P1JFFED WHEAT
W1t'nTIEi.o
DOG CHOW
jCOFFEE:
RIC!;
. . . CHEX
.....
~-
VAN HEUSEN
WREN
CAT CHOW
DASH
qt!AKER PUFFED RICE
STATE-0-MAINE
VARSITY
PET FOODS
sol!IRE
SHIRTCRAF'l'
KEN-L-BISKIT
OUTERWEAR & SPORTSWE_l\R
AIRM\N
ARNOLD PALMER
.;
wHthcih:x
CArE VIVO .
KEN-t-RATION
FROMME'S FINEST
FOOD STUf.FS, GENERAL:
GOLP STANDARD
BOOTH RED DIAMOND
HOLlAND HOUSE
BREYERS
HOLLAND HOUSE
IMPERIAL BLEND
KEN-L-BURGER
KEN-L-MEAL
KEN-L-TREATS
PARD
DAIRY
PUSS 'N BOOTS
FULL-0-FLAVOR
SYRUP:
'CLOTJ:!.lli,G, Mt:N'~
ARROW
BOTANY 500
DAN RIVER
GORT Me LEED
HAL JOSEPH
MARTIN OF CALIFORNIA
PARIS BELTS
GENTRY
ALGA
GIBBS
FLINT RIVER
ADLER
ROBERT BRUCE
HAYDEN HOUSE
GEORGIA RIBBON
BACHELOR'S FRIEND
TOPSAIL
BAN-LON
VAN HEUSEN
BURLINGTON'S
WINDBREAKER
ESQUIRE
WORSTED-TEX
KRAFT
MARY KITCHEN
. PLOW BOY
RED HILL
MINNESOTA
SOCKS:
PURITAN
PRESERVES & JELLIES:
OCOMA
LUTZ & SCHRAM
PHILLIPS
INTERWOVEN
TROUSERS:
PHOENIX
SQUIRE DINGEE
QUAKER
RED TOP
CHAMP
SUPP HOSE
LANIER
CANDY & CONFECTIONS:
TOP BRASS
LEESURES
RICHELIEU
CLARK
RUSTIC.
HOLLOWAY CANDIES
VIYELLA
LEE RIDER
SHASTA
MILK DUDS
SIGNET
RICHARDSON MINTS
THANK YOU
MISCELLANEOUS
WOLF llRAND
CANNED FOODS, CATSUP:
CHICKEN OF THE SEA
SHIRTS, T-SHIRTS,
UNDERWEAR
ARROW
BAN LON
BEECH-NUT BABY FOOD
BLUESTONE
EAGLE CHILI POWDER
BIKE ATHLETIC
SUPPORTERS
FUNNY FACE DRINK l\1IX
MAVERICK
TOWN HOUSE
T-ROUSE: t)
WRANGLEr
WORK CLOTI!J:S:
BIG BEN
BLUEBELL
KAYSER GLOVES
CAMPUS PANTIES
DATEBOOK
CASEY JONES
KAYSER LOUNGEWEAR
CLARK
FIOilRTUNET
FRUIT OF THE LOOM
LADYBUG
DELILAH
HOLIDAYS
LADY EXCELLO
DOUBLE PL.I'.Y
INGENUE
LADY HATHAWAY
DOVE SKIN UNDIES
JIFFIES SLIPPERS
LADY PURITAN
DRESS SHAPERS
DAY DING
LADY VAN HEUSEN
EXQUISITE FORM
LAIRD SCHOBER
LADY WRANGLER
FOREVER YOUNG
MADEMOISELLE
MAGIC MOTION GLOVES
FORMFIT/ RODGERS
MANNEQUIN
MORNING STAR- PAISLEY
FREE-LIFT
MERCURY SLIPPERS
NEN WORLD
GOOD NEWS
NEOLITE SOLES
PEPPERTREE
HICKORY
I MILLER
SARONG GLOVES
HOLLYWOOD VASSARETTE·
MILLERKINS
SP LASH
KAYSER
VALENTINE
TANNER OF NO RTH
CAROLINA
LS GANT
VOGUE
HAWKEYE
JARMAN
THE V!Ll..I\GER
GREAT WESTERN
MAVERICK
NATIONAL MASTER
SEDGEF IELD
WRANGLER
SHOES:
CEDAR CREST
FLAGG
FORT UNE
FRANK BROS
HARDY
LILYETTE
CLOTHING. CHILDREN'S
LIT'l'tE FIBBER
JOHNSTON & MURPHY
WRANGLER
NEOLITE SOLES
YOUNG IDEAS
CLOTHING & TOYS:
LITTLE GODIVA
ARROW
LITTLE WISPS OF WOW
STATLER
W L DOUGLAS
HOI SERY:
CARNEGIE
MAGIC LADY
ARTCfV\FT
KAYSER
NIGHT SHAPERS
.Ql&THING. WOM_EJi:.2,
BALLET
SKIRTS, BLOUSES , DRESSES,
SPORTSWE!IR:
CAM EO
MOJUD
PERM A-LIFT
NAZARETH
PLI\YTEX
CLAUSSN ER
ACTIONWEAR
S!IRONG
PLAYTEX NURSER
FLI NG
TOPPER TOYS
AILEEN
RUN-A-ROUN
FKUIT OF THE LOOM
A' NR JR
HATTIE CARN EGIE
ARROW
IRONWE!IR
BAN CORA
KAYSER
BAN-LON
Me CALLU M
CATALINA
WESTERN ROLLER SKATES
SILF SKIN
SPANDEX
STA-UP-TOP
ACROBAT
STRETCHBRA
NEOLITE SOLES
TOMORROW
NUMBER 26
VANITY
PARADE MAJORETTE
VANITY FAIR
PARTY-GOERS
MOJUD
COLE OF CALIFORNL!I
NORTH MONT
COS COB
PHOENIX
COTESBURY
VENUS
PLAYMATES
WARNER'S
S'<YRIDER
WARNER'S BODY STOCKING
STORY-BOOK
WARNER' S MERRY WIDOW
WELLINGTON
SA PP HIRE
COUN TRY JUNIOR
SCHAPPERE LL!
L>AN RlVER
SLE NDERELLA
EVERGLAZE
SUPP HOSE
HARBOR ROAD
LUCERN
WARNERETTE
UNDERCLOTHI NG:
JACK WINTER
A'LURE
JASON CLASS IC
BEAU SURE
JEANIES
JUDY BOND
WISP ON
FABRICS & DRY GOODS
ACRILAN
AMERICAN BAMBE RG
SHOES:
BARBOUR'S THREAD
COVE ~
GIRL
THE BIG NOTHING
BIRTHDAY
SHOES:
SUI~
BEAR BRAND
CHRISTIAN DIOR
BLUE-C
•
'
7
BOTANY
BAND AID
KLEENEX
GENERAL ELECTRIC
BAUER & BLACK
KRAFT BAGS
WESTINGHOUSE
CAP ROLAN
BI-PHASE
LILY CUPS
_G .:JNSUM--'.!LMISGELI.!'>Nj:_Q]l.§
CHEMSTRAND
BLUE JAY FOOT PRODS
MULTI-PAK SOFT
DRINK CONTAINER~
CIGARS:
CONDOTTI
CONf'IDETS
BUCILLA
•
CIGARILLO
NORTHERN
DAN RIVER
CINCO
COTTON SEWING ITEMS
OLIN SACKS
DRI-DON
FLO R- DE- MELBA
CURAD
SCOT-'l'ISSUE
DUNE DUCK
CURITY DIAPERS
FLEISHER
FEMS
GALEY & FORD
GOLDMEAL THREAD
GRAND VINO
•
'
FERRANIA SPA PHOTO
FIBS
ISODETTES
SCOT TOWELS
FORUM
GARCIA Y VEGA
SCOTTIES
PHILLIES
SOFT-WEVE/
PRINCE HAMLET
WALDORF
ROYALIST
WA>crg_
RUSKIN
GREENWOOD FABRICS
ISO DINE
INDIAN HEAD
JOHNSON'S BABY PRODS
AIRTEMP
TOM MOORE
INWOOD
KOTAMS
AMPEX
WEBSTER
KANT STRAND
KOTEX
ARVIN
KLOPMAN
1.1\ MAWR COSMETICS
BROXODENT
LOWENSTEIN
MICRIN
GENERAL ELECTRIC '
MAGNOLIA
ORTHO-NOVUM
LAUNDROMAT
MONARCH
SANEK BARBER & BEAUTY
PRODUCTS
PHILCO
RENAULD OF FRANCE
SUNGLASSES
REVERE-WOLLEN SACK
'lEA SKI SUN LAMPS
MONOSTRETCH
NORTHCOOL VYCRON
OCEANIC
PACIFIC
ELECTRIC APPLIANCES:
SCOTCH TAPE
SPEED QUEEN
SCOTCHGARD
SCOTCH LITE
TOAST MASTER
SCOTCHPAK
TROPIC AIRE
SAN TOWAX
WESTINGHOUSE
PEERLESS
PEPPERELL
6-12 REPELLANT
RAEFORD
SPECTROCIN
RASCHEL KNIT
SQUIBB
RED HAND THREAD
STERI-PAD
RYMPLECLOTH
TELFA
SI\NFORIZED
VI GRAN
SANFORIZED-PLUS
SIGNATURE
.QB.~.LOR£ PRO~
ACE COMBS
ARREST IN
DENDALL
CADDY CAR
KADDIE KART
::;ARDEN EQUIPMENT:
DIXIE LAWN MOWERS,
BARBEQUE GRILLS
GARDEN PRIDE MOWERS,
BARBEQUE GRILLS
GERING REINFORCED
GARDEN HOSE
SUPPLEX LAWN HOSE
LUGGAGE:
JI.MELIA EARHART
LADY BALTIMORE
LADY PEPPERELL
PEQUOT
CUT-RITE
WRINKL-SHED
FURIT OF THE LOor.·
MARTEX
TAMARA
WINKLER KNIT
FAIRFAX
PAPER PRODUCTS:
BONDWARE
WEBRIL
DAN RIVER
HOUSEtlQ.IJ2..mlEPL!!a_
SKINNER
WAMSUTTA
LINENS:
SPORTS EQUIPMENT:
lJARPETS:
LEES
DELSEY
RICRAC
DIXIE CUP
NEEDLETUFT
DUR-A-LUG
CABIN CRAFT
EXCELL-O PAK MILK
CONTAINERS
P0vVER TOOLS:
FACE-ELLE
DISKCROME
GOLDEN PINE SACKS
DISSTON
OTHER:
BRUCE FLOORWAX &
CLEANERS
ECUSTA CIGARETTE PAPERS
EVEREADY BATTERIES
FAMILY PI.I\CEMATS
LONG BELL CABINETS
RICHELIEU COSTUME JEWELHY
TARN I- SHIELD TARNISH
REMOVER
WINCHESTER FIREARMS
;•t,
8
TYREX TIRE CORD
CARDINAL FOOD STORES
AUTOMOBILES:
EAGLE FOOD CENTERS
S H KRESS & CO
LAWSON MILK CO
QUALITY GOOD STORES
ROYAL BLUE FOOD STORES
lQ..AliQ_QMJ'_Jllilj:_S_
CHRYSLER
CONTINENTAL
DART
DODGE
LO~ &
NORTH CENTRAL FINANCE CORP
UNIVERSAL FINANCE CO
VCRSA ,CRIMP
WORTHINGTON
TYPEWRITERS:
GU!!J?I!jQ.~.YJ'J'LI,!;§
IMPERIAL
ROYTYPE' "
, ~:...: ·-r~ ...;· . ~--.<··~·?-:
MUSTANG
PLYMOUTH
SIMCA
THUNDERBIRD
RKO PICT URES & THEATRES
TURFIBER
WHIP PIT
ROYAL ELECT.RIC
I\1EMCURY
VALIANT
OFFICE EQUIPMENT: · . ; •
' . . ,i . ·. . ~ .
. .. ; ..
COLE
CHE VRO N
f< P M
DELO
MOBILE HOMES:
EMBASSY
GREAT LAKES
VAGABOND
~ : ;,;:rh : :. D
OiL STi,T!O :\S
in .:111 s tutes c xccn t the
io llowin g : Colo-,W, in d ,
VAN DYKE
!~J. n, L ), :\ !i ch , \ :inn, \: o ,
VICEROY
:.: o nt, :\ cb, c\ 'Ju l;, Ok lu,
S :)uk, \ \ .isc, \Vyo .
WALLGOARD, BRICK, TILE:
Duf1;AsAN :',
;te~:.· Pt;L.' , :';,'. ·
: ~
•'
: ~l, '
.
::f· •
9Arbk~;dR.I.P ~:< .. .
' .OOLJ>
·~· . ·~·· ,,.::.~ :::~:· ~~ >•
...
UONQ' 5 ·
MONROE
HYDRO .CRAFT
MONROLOT
MONROE SWEDA
KAISCR r[BCR llOARP
THERMO-fAX
VIDEO-f,JLE
DAI~ER GYPS UM I'QARD
.
VOICE WRITER
PETROLEU M PRODUCTS:
'
TUFFAK '
WAYLITE
FRUEHAI,JF TRUCKS ·
& TRAILERS
LINCOLN ,
MASTER LOAN SERVICE INC
3 1\4 ABRASIVES
WATERVLIET
ROYAL-Me BEE
SAVINGS (OHIO)
COMMERCIAL CREDIT C O
SURFACE RAC&WAY
UNION
FALCON
CITIZENS LOAN CORP
CIT'{
,'
SNO-BRITE
llli?.Y_SJJi~~~l'.PJ..~~
AMERIPOL
BAKELITE
BUTLER BUILDINGS
DELTA STAR
DURA CRIMP
L
''
::t : :·.
~'
f
.-.
~1~RiiALOW
;J.'
·~.
"' ,
NATCO '
NATCO PG!iT
NORMAj'J & STANDARD
SISAL!( RAFT
STARCOR
TEXCOR
UNIWALL FACING
VITRITILE
PAPER & STATIONERY:
DURA WELD
ACTION PAPER
FLOR•DUCT
ARVIN
BURGESS
IMP LEX
ARVIN YL
BUCKEYE- BECKETT
MARKSMAN
BRUCE DURA-WOOD
EVEREADY
COAST
MONOPANL
BRUCE HARDWOOD
FRAM
COCKLE STONE
MODULAR WALL
KOROSEAL TILE
ILCO
DEE PLAKE
ORONITE
RUGEROID TILE
LOCKWOOD
HAMM ERMILL
PARAPLEX
RANC H PI.'<.NK
MALLORY
INTERNATIONAL BOND
PLEXI-GLAS
MO PAR PARTS
MANAGE MENT BOND
POLYMER PLASTICS
PI\ ESTONE
NATION'S
ROLL BAND
TH ER ~.10 ID
OLD COLONY
SCOTCHCAST
SOUTH SHORE
SCOTCHLITE
CEMENT:
SPRINGlHLL
SCOTCHLOK
ALPHA
STRATH MORE
SCOTCHRAP
CYCLEWELD
TE NNECO
AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS:
WOOD ROCK
FLOORING:
PAINT:
IJ
TS
NCW VELVET SUPREME
I TIRES:
GO ODRIC H
GO ODYEAR
HIGH EARLY
KAISER CE MENT
LEHIGH
LONE STAR
PROTI.ANO CEMENT
FAJ3~1_ §.Yj'j'_L]~§
EQU IPMENT & CHEMICALS:
A·C
ALLIS-CHALMERS
BUSH HOG
FORD
EZEE FLOW
FARM EQU!P M£NT
NEW IDEA
OLIN CHEMICALS
ORTHO CHE MICALS
LrJESTOCK FEE DS:
AMAPOLll
CABIN HOME
FUL-0-PEP
JIM DANDY
NIXON
PURINA CH OW
RED HAT
UNC LE 3AM
WAYNE
lU
<tongrrssional1Rrcord
PROCEEDINGS AND DEDATES Ol' TilE
Vol. Ill
.89th
CONGRESS, fiRST SESSION
WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, APRIL 8, 1965
No. 63
House of Representatives
ALABAMA BOYCOTT
<Mr.
NIX <at the request of Mr.
was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous matter.>
Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, In these days
when Dr. Martin Luther King is being
criticized for his expressed intention to
push the Alabama boycott, let- it be
clearly understood that I fully agree with
him, that I will lend any and all aid to
him, and that I applaud his courage and
ingenuity.
These kindly souls who deplore this
boycott say they arP. fearful that the admitted slight gains in Negro-white relations might be destroyed, they say the
good and decent white people of Alabama
who are timidly beginning to favor
Negro demands will be discouraged and
will again retire to the sidelines. To
these timid souls, I say that you are in
effect saying to Dr. King, to the Negroes
engaged in a great and just social revolution that they are moving too fast-that
they must walk softly-thdt time and
more time must be given to the whites
of Alabama.
Mr. Speaker, these detractors, these
objectors, do not say that the boycott fs
lllegal, they do not say that the boycott
violates the moral law, they C'> not say
that this act wfll bring hardship to the
innocent. U they mean that hardship
will come to the Negroes of Alabama,
the answer is let It come. No suffering
can match the suffering that has been
endured in the past and is being endured
now by th~ Negroes of Alabama.
If they mean that the good white people of Alabama will suffer, then let these
good nnd moral people become militant
and articulute tn the cause of justice.
Let them denounce the bombers. Let
them lift the curtain of silence behind
which their brutal police hide. Let them
repudiate the union which has made
them brother to the murderer, the oppressor, the disseminator of false racial·
doctrii.les_ Let them face the fact that
GoNZALEz)
there are not two Gods--one for the
white~. and one for the Negroes, and that
these Gods require a diiTerent church
for each. Let them demand and get
1c quality in registration in voting before
't he law.
In Ehort, let them cleanse their min..is
of blind and unreasoned prejudice. Let
them cast out their distorted moral
value~: and revert to the true and eternal
.value~ governing mankind.
Wh~n that time comes even the people
of Alabama will readily see that in this
month of April 1965, the 358th year of
Neg-ro oppression in America, it is more
than reasonable for Dr. Martin Luther
King to voice the demands of the Negroes of Alabama to:
Fint. Call upon industries and businesses to abandon any plans for expanding in Alabama-and if there are no
result:;.
private
institutions,
Sec,Jnd. Ask
churches, and labor unions to reexamine
placement of pension fund.:; in Alabama
for investment.
Third. Ask the U.S. Government to
withdraw U.S. tax dollars from Alabama
banks.
Fourth. Consumer boycott against
speciflc products.
Mr. Speaker, I conclude by reminding
the Members of this House of Representatives, the critics of Dr. King and
the good people of Alabama that meeting
t.he simple conditions listed below will
eliminate this boycott.
These conditions are:
Fir:;t. An end to the poll tax in all
electi·Jns.
Second. Allow voter registration at
times convenient to working people-<ntghts and weekends).
Third. Appointment of Negroes to poltcymnking positions on State boards
and agencies.
Fourth. Stop police brutality, and assure equal protection before the law for
all ci tlzens.
Fifth. Repudiation of the practice of
using inflammatory racist utterance in
polit1cal statements.
'
TJIR \VALL STIU~ET JOUR~AL. FRIDAY. APRIL 9, 1161
Lesson Fron1 Selma
• • •
• • •
HanamermiU Lear~ Firms Can.'t A l'Zooy..; Avoid Race Conflict
.
----·--By
R. KA
ERIE, Pa.-'nle racial upbeaftl Ill Ieima
hal created a lei'IMI lllde drama Ulat bokla u
Important Jeuor, for Nortllem a.u.lneumn
eyein' expanaioo Jlroapeela In the loutb.
HammcrmiU l'aper Co.. bued ben oa
the ahoreJ of LaJ<e Erie, made a aeemlftCiy
mncontroverslal decision In Ma7, 11M, to
buUd a $30 million pulp plant Ill Ieima. aco
ceptq eome tax conc:eulona and ptllne
80JIM oUier conunitmenta frvaa ltate .......
cal IOftmment officlala In ~ -. ...,
the company Ia one of tbe ae.. Martin Luther Kine'• key target& for a ~ ol 1ft.
duatrlal expanalon In the atata &lld alreacl7
facea a poulble boycott of 1t11 product& naUonally by eollege atudenta 111pport1nc Herro demands.
The leMOn would seem to be that a
comrany accepting some of the a.ld South·
em politlclana are offering to attract new
lnduatry had better be wary of the. pool·
ble atrings attached. And in light of the grow·
ing demands integrationists are maklnc oa
bualneasmen In the South. the racial altuatlon
had better be e0111ldered carefully aJonc
with economic factora In choollnr a alte.
For HammermUI, the choice of Ieima
wu made on the usual economic poundl
and quite obviOUBiy withoUt ·any Utoucht the
eompany could become Involved In any broad
racial dispute. Unlike many of Ita compeU.
tors, Hammermlll owna no 80ftwood pulp
mill and COI1aequently depends on open market purchases for Ita supply. Seeking to
change this, the eompany began an Invest!·
gatlon of poaslble plant sites In nine Southem staLa In early 1963. Selma was chosen
because It offered the best combination of
purchasable land, softwood timber supply
and water resources, according to Hammer·
mill President John Devitt.
Hammermill, state and Selma officials
then worked together on plans for the new
plant. The state Water Control Board ex·
amined and approved Hammermlll'a plana
for waste disposal. Tax benefits, amounting
to a 50% deduction in property taxes, were
offered and accepted. Financing was arranged through a revenue bond issued by
the Industrial Development Board 01 Selma·,
an arrangement under which Selma will
build the plant and lease it to Hammermill.
The state agreed to build Selma a new bridge
to accommodate expected Increased traffic.
The company didn't discuss race prob·
lems or employment practices with the state
and local government officials. "The discussions were confined to economic lasues;
we were relieved that the race question was
not Involved," says Mr. Devitt. Hammermill executives, however, aay they sought
advice from "knowledgeable Southemen"
on the race Issue. The companr didn't seek
advice from ~gro teadc~. who might have
tipped them oU on potential problema In Sel·
ma.
'
I'ETt:ll
Nfll
ter of the communltr all't Ita people." He
waa further quoted aa telling Gov. Walhce,
"We appreciAte the fine ;tob ynu are clninc
for ~ state." Mr. Devitt "·as quoted u
aayinc, "We think Selma- and Alabama·-ol·
fer everything an Industry c~ould want. ••
Hammermlll officials contertd now that all
their statement& at the conference 1Were
made In an economic cootext.. "They -re
moat decidedly not dlneted at the mores o1
the society or m,..ant u aoctoJocical lm·
plication& or fact. about the comaaunl~y."
declare& M:r. Devitt.
But newapaper reporta of the preu t»n·
ference touched off bitter bluta from dvil
rights Jeadera. Dr. Spike called the confer·
ence, "either the height of naivete or the
depth of racism," and uld he would nrce
some 30 national church group~ to "reex·
amine their purchaaing pollclea In relation
to Hammermlll producta."
Wire From Wilkins
Roy Wilkina, president of the NAACP,
uld In a publicly released telegram to H.tm·
mermtU : "Unleas your plans have prog·
reued beyond the point where you can
change we urge you to cancel the project to
build a mill In Selma. . . . By loeatinJ: In
Selma Hammermlll Ia approving alld belplng to underwrite wholesale dtaenlranchtaement baaed on race and color." Mr. Wil·
lUna said that If HammermiU could not pull
out, it ahould ial1le a "firm atatement that
there ·wtu be no racial discrimination In any
category of joba or In the u.e of any facllltea
in your plant." A amilar wire waa sent to
Hammermill by James Fanner, national ell·
rector of CORE.
In replies to Mr. Wilkins and Mr. Jl'ar·
mer, Hammermill affirmed Ita intention to
proceed with the mill. The company atre~sed
a statement Mr. Leslie had made at the
Montgomery press conference: "Hammer·
mill has been built on individual entcrp1ise,
respect for the rights of others, law and or·
der. These are the fundamentals of our civil·
izatlon and the foundation of our homes."
The company promised the civil rights lnaders it would make no distinction among l!m·
ployes or job applicants other than on the
basis of abili~, and said it intended to <:ontribute to the "economic health" of Selma.
"The response wa:o not considered anffl·
cient," says an official of the NAACP. A
second telegram was dispatched by Mr. Wil·
klns .on·-March 9, the day after Selma NE"grtl
marchers were dispersed with tear gas and
clubs: "Are you not proud Ulllt Hammennlll
Paper Oo., by building a new plant in Selma, will be helping to support the Wallace
.tonn trooper lclnd of government?"
Request From Wallace
One seemingly minor string wa11 Attached
to the state·.~~, C<O<>J'f'ratlon: In June, 1964, Gov·
emor Wallace wrote llammermill requesting
that If the company rll'cided to locale In
Alabama It make the ortieial announcement
with htm In a joint public pre~ 3 confl'r·
'''"'" · "Thill Willi a pl'rfl'dly natural rcqul'~t
"'"I T g-:1\"e our commitment on it," ~ayll
:\I r Tll'\'il t.
h J :munry, l!lM, with flnanr!al :mrl oth.• r
' ""~""ni:"E'ntcnls rompletcrl anrl lanrl optio n ~ .
running out. Hammcrmill notifirrl the n.wernor that " thl' «-nrli«-st time for nn nnnounremcnt woulrl be the Wl'l'k of ]f(' h. :1 . "
Governor Wnllare replierl that Frh. J would
be a fine rlay ilnrl it w;,s ' :;o ng-rl't~ rl. ThP
prl's!l confcrent•e in l\lontg-onH•r·y woulrl h:rn•
h<'<'n routinl' l"nmrg-h ("We havr :11mnurw('d
nP:.rly $1 billion worth of new lntlustrv ~incc
Governor Wallnce took · offire," ~~~~·,.· Prr"~
Recrctnry Bill .Jonell) hnd It not hrrn for•
events In S<'lma.
While Hnmmcrmill wa" im·l'~lig-nlinJ:" !':rlmll for It!! pulp poll'ntial, rivil rij!"hls lr:uler!l had been <'Xnminining itll potrntinl "" a
civil rightll battlcgrounrl. They fount! n hill·
lllry llfld pattr.m of Negro clis<'nfranchisl'·
ment and a volatile sheriff, Jim Clark, who
··• mld be expecterl to RssiRt Negr·o prote!ltors
in making headline" arounrl the world.
On Feb. 1 the Rev. Martin Luther I<in .~
announced, "We're going to turn Selmll up·
11ide down and Inside out In order · to make
It rightside up."
On Feb. 2 the Rev. Mr. King llnd 270 fol·
lowerR were · jailed during a voter regilltra·
lion protest.
And on Feb. 3, while Selma MRyor Joseph
Smitherman and other SelmA. political and
buRines!l lcllders were In Montgomery heRr·
lng Hammermlll announce ltll new plant, an·
other 500 Negroes were jailed In Selma.
For Governor WallA.ce and the Selma
leAders, under heavy fire for the Selma llr•
·est11, the timing of the press conference
Nll!l Ideal. "One of the finest moment" of my
!ldmlnlstratlon aa Governor," declared Mr.
WallA.ce at the meeting. And a reporter At
the 11cene later 11aid, "I've never seen \Val·
lace so pleaaed with hlmseif."
.
For Hammermlll the timing was · ~ldcd·
ly awkward. "We were fenced In by our
commlttment.'l and obligations," 11ays Mr.
Devitt. But h~ concedes the company made
no attempt to cancel the press conference,
not A.nxious to appeiU' to be ducking any
promise.
Civil rights leader11 comdder the timing
an outrnge. "Olympian Indifference to the
great struggle for equality now being 'carried
on In Selma by Its Negro citizens." charged
Dr. Robert W. Spike, executive director of
the National Council ot Churches' Co-nmls·
alon on Religion and Race.
There haa been considerable controversy
between company and civil rlghta leaders
over the context of statements made at the
news conferenc~. Hammermtll Chairman
James C. Leal'" waa ·quoted aa .&ytng that
one of the deciding factors In HammermlU'I
declatGn to locate In Selma wu "tile cbaracStung by contmumg crltlcism, Hammer
mill, on March 17, issued a strong state·
mcnt which might have averted some of the
attacks had It been issued on Feb. 3. Ham·
mermill finally gave public notice of itE
"deep concern with the denial of basic rights
to Negroes In Alabama' and the Selma community." The company specifically promised
training programs open equally to Negroes
and whites. Too, the company gave a rea·
soned defense of Its position:
·
"We do not support or condone the In·
justices which have occurred in Selma. How·
<>vPr. a refusal by Hammermill to lor•.atc neilr
12
~
.Selma would not remove the problems which
exist, nor would our absence from Alallfl~a
advance civil liberties. To·the contrary, It Is
our considered conviction that when Ham·
·mermlll becomes an employer in Alabama
It wilt malte a major contribution toward
improving ·economic ' and ·civic health of the
communities a,ffectj!d by our activities. We
will provide new job opportunities and economt.c stimulus to the central Alabama area
which will benefit both Negro and 'white alike
and will contribute to the long-term solution
of the complex race relations problem in the
South ....
This statement was more to the liking of
at least some civil 'rights leaders. "They
have responded; If they follow through on
their promises I will be very satisfied," com·
mented Dr. Spike, who says the church boy·
cott will be dropped. The NAACP and CORE.
issued no further attacks on the company.
Plea From King
Hqwever, Hammermlll waa . recently Pin·
gled out by the Rev. Mr. King in his call for
cancellation of Industrial expansion plans In
Alabama, the first stage of his proposed boy·
colt of the state. The Rev. Andrew Young
executive director of Dr. King's Southe~
Christian Leadership Conference, says Ham·
mermlll should put Immediate pressure on
Alaban'la and Selma officials "to protect the
political and physical lives of Negroes or
we will not support Hammermlll's econ~mlc ·
life."
The Rev. Mr. Young says his organlza·
tlon can put pre89ure on Hammermill
~hrough union and college boycotts of Ham·
mermill products and by staging demonstra·
lions In front of Hammermlll's Northetn
plants. Also, the militant Student Nonvfolent
Coodlnating Committee (SNCC) says It's proceeding with- plans for a nationwide college
boycott of Hammermlll products.
·
Too, the drama may have a rather long
second act. Civil rights leaders stress that
they will keep a sharp eye for any evfdence
o_f unfair hiring,. training or promotion prac·
bees during construction of the plant and
after operations begin In 1967. They contend.
Northern companies generally are naive
about the problem~ they'll face in the South.
"Again and again Northern lndu11try goes
South and because they have a good civil
rights record in the North they believe, or
want to beheve, that these policies will auto·
matically work In the South, but local patterns work against them," in Dr. Spike's
view.
" lt Is v«•ry, very dlfftcult for a company
to be fair ttown here," s~ys e. Negro llhopkeeper in Selma. "The loc;l) wh ttes just w••n't
let them. Even the state · employment. office
isn't fair. It a company asks them to send
Rome men out for lntervfE,WB for a good job,
they send an whites."
Charles White, managu of the Cleveland
Tabl" Co. plant near Selma, ~<ays his plant
mP':.talns R 50-50 ratio between white and
Negro employes, but "all the other planta
In town discriminate against the colored."
Hammermlll, of course, could hardly
have been expected to for·esee what waa to
happen In Selma when It made Its . purely
economic decision to locate there. · But Ita
experience might save others from stumbling innocently Into a slmllar situation. For
much aa companlea may prefer not to play
a lsadlng role ·m.the racial attuatlon. ..vcta
can make thla lmpollible •.