Technical Reference

Technical Reference Material
Table 1. American National Standard Hexagon and Spline Socket Head Cap
Screws (1960 Series) (ANSI B18.3-1982)
Nominal
Size
Body Diameter
Max
Min
Head
Diameter
Max
D
Head
Height
Min
Max
A
Min
H
Spline
Socket
Size
Nom
Hex.
Socket
Size
Nom
Fillet
Ext.
Max
Key
Engagement*
M
J
F
T
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
0.0600
0.0730
0.0860
0.0990
0.1120
0.2250
0.1380
0.1640
0.0568
0.0695
0.0822
0.0949
0.1075
0.1202
0.1329
0.2585
0.096
0.118
0.140
0.161
0.183
0.205
0.226
0.270
0.091
0.112
0.134
0.154
0.176
0.198
0.218
0.262
0.060
0.073
0.086
0.099
0.112
0.125
0.138
0.164
0.057
0.070
0.083
0.095
0.108
0.121
0.234
0.159
0.060
0.072
0.096
0.096
0.111
0.111
0.133
0.168
10
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
0.1900
0.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.5000
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
1.0000
0.1840
0.2435
0.3053
0.3678
0.4294
0.4919
0.6163
0.7406
0.8647
0.9886
0.312
0.375
0.469
0.562
0.656
0.750
0.938
1.125
1.312
1.500
0.303
0.365
0.457
0.550
0.642
0.735
0.921
1.107
1.293
1.479
0.190
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
0.185
0.244
0.306
0.368
0.430
0.492
0.616
0.740
0.864
0.988
0.183
0.216
0.291
0.372
0.454
0.454
0.595
0.620
0.698
0.790
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
1.1250
1.2500
1.3750
1.5000
1.7500
2.0000
1.1086
1.2336
1.3568
1.4828
1.7295
1.9780
1.688
1.875
2.062
2.250
2.625
3.000
1.665
1.852
2.038
2.224
2.597
2.970
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.750
2.000
1.111
1.236
1.360
1.485
1.734
1.983
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
3 1/4
3 1/2
3 3/4
4
2.2500
2.5000
2.7500
3.0000
3.2500
3.5000
3.7500
4.0000
2.2280
2.4762
2.7262
2.9762
3.2262
3.4762
3.7262
3.9762
3.375
3.750
4.125
4.500
4.875
5.250
5.625
6.000
3.344
3.717
4.090
4.464
4.837
5.211
5.584
5.958
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.250
3.500
3.750
4.000
2.232
2.481
2.730
2.979
3.228
3.478
3.727
3.976
-
1/16
5/64
5/64
3/32
3/32
7/64
9/64
0.050
0.062
0.078
0.078
0.094
0.094
0.109
0.141
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.025
0.031
0.038
0.044
0.051
0.057
0.064
0.077
5/32
3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
3/4
0.156
0.188
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.750
0.014
0.014
0.017
0.020
0.023
0.026
0.032
0.039
0.044
0.050
0.090
0.120
0.151
0.182
0.213
0.245
0.307
0.370
0.432
0.495
...
...
...
...
...
...
7/8
7/8
1
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
0.875
0.875
1.000
1.000
1.250
1.500
0.055
0.060
0.065
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.557
0.620
0.682
0.745
0.870
0.995
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1 3/4
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/4
2 3/4
2 3/4
3
1.750
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.250
2.750
2.750
3.000
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.130
0.140
0.150
0.160
0.170,
1.120
1.245
1.370
1.495
1.620
1.745
1.870
1.995
* Key engageme t depths are minimum.
All dimensions in inches. The body length LB of the screw is the length of the unthreaded cylindrical portion of the shank. The length
of thread, LT , is the distance from the extreme point to the last complete (full form) thread. Standard length increments for screw diameters up to 1 in. are 1/16 in. for lengths 1/8 through 1/4 in., 1/8 in. for lengths 1/4 through 1 in., 1/4 in. for lengths 1 through 3 1/2 in., 1/2
in. for lengths 3 1/2 through 7 in., 1 in. for lengths 7 through 10 in. and for diameters over 1 in. are 1/2 in. for lengths 1 through 7 in., 1
in. for lengths 7 through 10 in. and 2 in. for lengths over 10 in. Heads may be plain or knurled, and chamfered to an angle E of 30 to 45
degrees with the surface of the flat. The thread conforms to the Unified Standard with radius root, Class 3A, UNRC and UNRF for screw
sizes No. 0 through 1 in. inclusive, Class 2A, UNRC and UNRF for over 1 in. through 1 1/2 in. inclusive, and Class 2A UNRC for sizes larger
than 1 1/2 in. For manufacturing details not shown, including materials, see American National Standard ANSI B18.3-1982.
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Technical Reference Material
Table 2. American National Standard Hexagon and Spline
Socket Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws (ANSI B 18.3-1982)
Head Diameter
Body Diam.
Max.
Min.
Theoretical
Sharp
Max.
D
Nominal Size
Abs. Min.
A
Head Height
Reference
Spline
Socket Size
Nom.
Hexagon
Socket Size
Nom.
H
M
J
Key
Engagement
Min.
T
0
1
2
3
0.0600
0.0730
0.0860
0.0990
0.0568
0.0695
0.0822
0.0949
0.138
0.168
0.197
0.226
0.117
0.143
0.168
0.193
0.044
0.054
0.064
0.073
0.048
0.060
0.060
0.072
0.035
0.050
0.050
1/16
0.025
0.031
0.038
0.044
4
5
6
8
10
0.1120
0.1250
0.1380
0.1640
0.1900
0.1075
0.1202
0.1329
0.1585
0.1840
0.255
0.281
0.307
0.359
0.411
0.218
0.240
0.263
0.311
0.359
0.083
0.090
0.097
0.112
0.127
0.072
0.096
0.096
0.111
0.145
1/16
5/64
5/64
3/32
1/8
0.055
0.061
0.066
0.076
0.087
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
0.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.2435
0.3053
0.3678
0.4294
0.531
0.656
0.781
0.844
0.480
0.600
0.720
0.781
0.161
0.198
0.234
0.234
0.183
0.216
0.251
0.291
5/32
3/16
7/32
1/4
0.111
0.135
0.159
0.159
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
0.5000
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
1.0000
0.4919
0.6163
0.7406
0.8647
0.9886
0.938
1.188
1.438
1.688
1.938
0.872
1.112
1.355
1.604
1.841
0.251
0.324
0.396
0.468
0.540
0.372
0.454
0.454
...
...
5/16
3/8
1/2
9/16
5/8
0.172
0.220
0.220
0.248
0.297
1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
1.1250
1.2500
1.3750
1.5000
1.1086
1.2336
1.3568
1.4818
2.188
2.438
2.688
2.938
2.079
2.316
2.553
2.791
0.611
0.683
0.755
0.827
...
...
...
...
3/4
7/8
7/8
1
0.325
0.358
0.402
0.435
1
1
1
1
1
All dimensions in inches.
The body of the screw is the unthreaded cylindrical portion of the shank where not threaded to the head; the shank being the portion
of the screw from the point of juncture of the conical bearing surface and the body to the flat of the point. The length of thread LT is the
distance measured from the extreme point to the last complete (full form) thread.
Standard length increments of No. 0 through 1-in. sizes are: 1/16 in. for nominal screw lengths of 1/8 through 1/4 in., 1/8 in. for
lengths of 1/4 through 1 in., 1/4 in. for lengths of 1 in. through 3 1/2 in., 1/2 in. for lengths of 3 1/2 through 7 in., and 1 in. for lengths of 7
through 10 in., inclusive. For screw sizes over 1 in., length increments are: 1/2 in. for nominal screw lengths of 1 in. through 7 in., 1 in. for
lengths of 7 through 10 in., and 2 in. for lengths over 10 in.
Threads shall be Unified external threads with radius root; Class 3A UNRC and UNRF series for sizes No. 0 through 1 in. and Class 2A
UNRC and UNRF series for sizes over 1 in. to 1 1/2 in., incl.
For manufacturing details not shown, including materials, see American National Standard ANSI B18 3-1982.
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Technical Reference Material
Table 3. American National Standard Helical Spring Lock
Washers (ANSI B18.21.1-1972)
Inside
Nominal
Washer
Size
Regular*
Diameter, A
Heavy†
Extra Duty‡
Max
Min
O.D., B
Max:
¶
Section
Width,
W
Section
Thickness,
T§
O.D., B
Max:
¶
Section
Width,
W
Section
Thickness,
T§
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 8
No. 10
No. 12
0.086
0.099
0.112
0.125
0.138
0.164
0.190
0.216
0.094
0.107
0.120
0.133
0.148
0.174
0.200
0.227
0.088
0.101
0.114
0.127
0.141
0.167
0.193
0.220
0.172
0.195
0.209
0.236
0.250
0.293
0.334
0.377
0.035
0.040
0.040
0.047
0.047
0.055
0.062
0.070
0.020
0.025
0.025
0.031
0.031
0.040
0.047
0.056
0.182
0.209
0.223
0.252
0.266
0.307
0.350
0.391
0.040
0.047
0.047
0.055
0.055
0.062
0.070
0.077
0.025
0.031
0.031
0.040
0.040
0.047
0.056
0.063
0.208
0.239
0.253
0.300
0.314
0.375
0.434
0.497
0.053
0.062
0.062
0.079
0.079
0.096
0.112
0.130
0.027
0.034
0.034
0.045
0.045
0.057
0.068
0.080
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
0.250
0.311
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.518
0.262
0.326
0.390
0.455
0.518
0.582
0.254
0.317
0.380
0.443
0.506
0.570
0.489
0.586
0.683
0.779
0.873
0.971
0.109
0.125
0.141
0.156
0.171
0.188
0.062
0.078
0.094
0.109
0.125
0.141
0.491
0.596
0.691
0.787
0.883
0.981
0.110
0.130
0.145
0.160
0.176
0.193
0.077
0.097
0.115
0.133
0.151
0.170
0.535
0.622
0.741
0.839
0.939
1.041
0.132
0.143
0.170
0.186
0.204
0.223
0.084
0.108
0.123
0.143
0.162
0.182
0.562
11/16
3/4
3/16
7/8
15/16
0.625
0.688
0.750
0.812
0.875
0.938
0.650
0.713
0.775
0.843
0.905
0.970
0.635
0.698
0.760
0.824
0.887
0.950
1.079
1.176
1.271
1.367
1.464
1.560
0.203
0.219
0.234
0.250
0.266
0.281
0.156
0.172
0.188
0.203
0.219
0.234
1.093
1.192
1.291
1.391
1.494
1.594
0.210
0.227
0.244
0.262
0.281
0.298
0.189
0.207
0.226
0.246
0.266
0.284
1.157
1.258
1.361
1.463
1.576
1.688
0.242
0.260
0.279
0.298
0.322
0.345
0.202
0.221
0.241
0.261
0.285
0.308
1
1 1/16
1 1/8
1 13/16
1 1/4
1 5/16
1 3/8
1 7/16
1 1/2
1.000
1.062
1.125
1.188
1.250
1.312
1.375
1.438
1.500
1.042
1.107
1.172
1.237
1.302
1.366
1.432
1.497
1.561
1.017
1.080
1.144
1.208
1.271
1.334
1.398
1.462
1.525
1.661
1.756
1.853
1.950
2.045
2.141
2.239
2.334
2.430
0.297
0.312
0.328
0.344
0.359
0.375
0.391
0.406
0.422
0.250
0.266
0.281
0.297
0.312
0.328
0.344
0.359
0.375
1.705
1.808
1.909
2.008
2.113
2.211
2.311
2.406
2.502
0.319
0.338
0.356
0.373
0.393
0.410
0.427
0.442
0.458
0.306
0.326
0.345
0.364
0.384
0.403
0.422
0.440
0.458
1.799
1.910
2.019
2.124
2.231
2.335
2.439
2.540
2.638
0.366
0.389
0.411
0.431
0.452
0.472
0.491
0.509
0.526
0.330
0.352
0.375
0.396
0.417
0.438
0.458
0.478
0.496
All dimensions are given in inches.
* ormerly designated Medium Helical Spring Lock Washers.
† Not recommended for new applications.
‡ Formerly designated Extra Heavy Helical Spring Lock Washers.
¶ The maximum outside diameters specified allow for the commercial tolerances on cold-drawn wire.
T § = mean section thickness = (t i + to) ÷ 2
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O.D., B
Max.
¶
Section Section
Width, Thickness
W
T§
Technical Reference Material
Table 4. American National Standard Type A Plain
Washers Preferred Sizes** (ANSI B18.22.1-1965, R1975)
Inside Diameter
Nominal
Washer
Size***
Outside Diameter
Tolerance
Series
Thickness
Tolerance
Basic
Plus
Minus
Basic
Plus
Minus
Basic
Max.
Min.
No. 6
No. 8
No. 10
0.138
0.164
0.190
0.078
0.094
0.725
0.156
0.188
0.219
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.188
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.020
0.020
0.032
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.025
0.025
0.040
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.016
0.016
0.025
0.036
0.036
0.036
3/16
No. 12
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
0.188
0.216
0.250
0.250
0.312
0.312
N
W
N
W
0.250
0.250
0.281
0.312
0.344
0.375
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.562
0.562
0.625
0.734*
0.688
0.875
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.030
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.049
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.083
0.065
0.080
0.080
0.080
0.080
0.104
0.036
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.064
3/8
3/8
7/16
7/16
1/2
1/2
0.375
0.375
0.438
0.438
0.500
0.500
N
W
N
W
N
W
0.406
0.438
0.469
0.500
0.531
0.562
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.812
1.000
0.922
1.250
1.062
1.375
0.015
0.030
0.015
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.065
0.083
0.065
0.083
0.095
0.109
0.080
0.104
0.080
0.104
0.121
0.132
0.051
0.064
0.051
0.064
0.074
0.086
9/16
9/16
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
0.562
0.562
0.625
0.625
0.750
0.750
N
W
N
W
N
W
0.594
0.625
0.656
0.688
0.812
0.812
0.015
0.015
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
1.156*
1.469*
1.312
1.750
1.469
2.000
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.095
0.109
0.095
0.134
0.134
0.148
0.121
0.132
0.121
0.160
0.160
0.177
0.074
0.086
0.074
0.108
0.108
0.122
7/8
7/8
1
1
1 1/8
1 1/8
0.875
0.875
1.000
1.000
1.125
1.125
N
W
N
W
N
W
0.938
0.938
1.062
1.062
1.250
1.250
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
1.750
2.250
2.000
2.500
2.250
2.750
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.134
0.165
0.134
0.165
0.134
0.165
0.160
0.192
0.160
0.192
0.160
0.192
0.108
0.136
0.108
0.136
0.108
0.136
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 5/8
1.250
1.250
1.375
1.375
1.500
1.500
1.625
N
W
N
W
N
W
1.375
1.375
1.500
1.500
1.625
1.625
1.750
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.045
0.030
0.045
0.045
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.010
0.007
0.010
0.010
2.500
3.000
2.750
3.250
3.000
3.500
3.750
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.045
0.030
0.045
0.045
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.010
0.007
0.010
0.010
0.165
0.165
0.165
0.180
0.165
0.180
0.180
0.192
0.192
0.192
0.213
0.192
0.213
0.213
0.136
0.136
0.136
0.153
0.136
0.153
0.153
1 3/4
1 7/8
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
1.750
1.875
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.125
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.065
0.065
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
4.000
4.250
4.500
4.750
5.000
5.250
5.500
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.065
0.065
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.180
0.180
0.180
0.220
0.238
0.259
0.284
0.213
0.213
0.213
0.248
0.280
0.310
0.327
0.153
0.153
0.153
0.193
0.210
0.228
0.249
All dimensions are in inches.
* The 0.734-in., 1.156-in., and 1.469-in. outside diameters avoid washers which could be used in coin operated devices.
** Preferred sizes are for the most part from series previously designated "Standard Plate" and "SAE." Where common sizes existed in the
two series, the SAE size is designated "N" (narrow) and the Standard Plate "W" (wide). These sizes as well as all other sizes of Type A Plain
Washers are to be ordered by ID, OD, and thickness dimensions.
*** Nominal washer sizes are intended for use with comparable nominal screw or bolt sizes.
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Technical Reference Material
Table 5. Machinability – Surface Cutting Speeds
Surface cutting speeds given below are approximate and are intended as a guide in calculating the proper speed for the part in hand.
The figures are average for the general run of parts and are based on the use of high-speed cutting tools. Any extraordinary features in
the part to be made should be taken into consideration and speeds altered accordingly.
For the carbon and alloy grades listed, the figures are based on cold-drawn bars in the as-drawn condition, except when it is noted
that the grade is annealed.
Surface cutting speeds for hot rolled as-rolled bars and hot rolled heat treated bars are not available, since the machining qualities of
these bars vary according to hardness, microstructure, condition of the surface, etc.
For the stainless steels and super alloys listed, all grades are annealed or solution annealed except where otherwise indicated.
CARBON STEELS
ALLOY STEELS
Grade
1015
1018
1020
1022
1030
1040
1042
1050
1095
1117
1137
1141
1141 Ann.
1144
1144 Ann.
1212
1213
12L14
1215
1144 Hi Stress
Stressproof
Fatigue-proof
Leaded Grade A
Ledloy A, La-Led
Leaded Grade AX,AY,AZ
Ledloy AZ, La-Led X
Surface
Feet per
Minute
120
130
120
130
115
105
105
90
70
150
120
115
135
125
140
165
225
280
225
130
140
134
325
325
420
420
Grade
Surface
Feet per
Minute
Rating"
75
130
135
75
75
75
60
60
90
180
75
90
150
45%
78%
82%
45%
45%
45%
36%
36%
54%
110%
45%
54%
91%
Rating*
72%
78%
72%
78%
70%
64%
64%
54%
42%
91%
72%
70%
81%
76%
85%
100%
136%
170%
136%
79%
83%
80%
193%
193%
250%
250%
Grade
2355 Ann.
4130 Ann.
4140 Ann.
4142 Ann.
41L42 Ann.
4150 Ann.
4150 Resul. Heat Treat
4330 Mod. Ann.
4340 Ann.
4340 Mod. (300M) Ann.
4620
4820 Ann.
52100 Ann.
6150 Ann.
8620
86L20
9310 Ann.
D6AC Ann.
"e.t.d." 150
H-11 Ann.
HS 220-18 Ann.
Nitriding #3 135 Mod. Ann.
Surface
Feet per
Minute
115
120
110
110
127
100
65
95
95
95
110
80
65
100
110
127
85
50
125
49
85
76
Rating*
70%
72%
66%
66%
77%
60%
40%
59%
57%
57%
66%
49%
40%
60%
66%
77%
51%
30%
75%
29%
51%
45%
Surface
Feet per
Minute
Rating"
75
75
65
80
90
125
80
50
55
32
50
45%
45%
40%
48%
55%
76%
48%
21%
33%
19%
30%
STAINLESS & SUPER ALLOYS
302
303
303MA
304
304L
316
321
347
410
416
420
430
430F
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Grade
431
440A
440B&C
15-5 Condition A
Condition H1150
Condition H1150M
17-4 Condition A
Nitronic 50 (22-13-5)
A286 Aged
Hastelloy X
Maraging 18 Ni 250
Technical Reference Material
Table 6. Hardness Conversion Numbers for Steel
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Technical Reference Material
Table 7. Sheet Gauges
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Technical Reference Material
Table 8. Millimeters Converted to Decimal and Fractional Inches
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Technical Reference Material
Table 9. Conversion Factors
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